FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science VR 1.0 PT J AU Zhao, XQ Zhao, L Xu, TW Xu, SX AF Zhao, Xinquan Zhao, Liang Xu, Tianwei Xu, Shixiao TI The plateau pika has multiple benefits for alpine grassland ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau SO ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY AB The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) has been engaged in pest control for many years based on the logic that the plateau pika is responsible for alpine grassland degradation and competes with livestock for forage resources. However, the plateau pika is an important species which has multiple benefits in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, as it (i) makes burrows that are the primary homes for lizards and a variety of small birds; (ii) creates microhabitat disturbance that promotes the increase of plant species richness; (iii) serves as the principal prey for almost all of the plateau predator species; and (iv) contributes positively to the dynamic equilibrium of alpine ecosystems. SN 2096-4129 EI 2332-8878 PD DEC 16 PY 2020 VL 6 IS 1 AR UNSP 1750973 DI 10.1080/20964129.2020.1750973 UT WOS:000533628400001 ER PT J AU Tarantola, M Biasato, I Biasibetti, E Biagini, D Capra, P Guarda, F Leporati, M Malfatto, V Cavallarin, L Miniscalco, B Mioletti, S Vincenti, M Gastaldo, A Capucchio, MT AF Tarantola, Martina Biasato, Ilaria Biasibetti, Elena Biagini, Davide Capra, Pierluigi Guarda, Franco Leporati, Marta Malfatto, Vanda Cavallarin, Laura Miniscalco, Barbara Mioletti, Silvia Vincenti, Marco Gastaldo, Alessandro Capucchio, Maria Teresa TI Beef cattle welfare assessment: use of resource and animal-based indicators, blood parameters and hair 20 beta-dihydrocortisol SO ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB The present study aims to evaluate beef cattle welfare with an integrated approach as housing conditions and management practices change and to investigate the relationship between the adopted parameters and their applicability. A total of 15 Piemontese breed bulls reared in a tied stall housing system and 15 Piemontese, 15 Blonde d'Aquitaine and 15 cross-breed from Ireland reared in group-pen were considered. A welfare protocol including a checklist and the 'RIBECA' scoring system was prepared for the assessment of animal-based measures and resource-based measures. Blood parameters and hair 20 beta-dihydrocortisol were also analysed. The animal-based score was not significantly different among the farms, while the total welfare score was 'poor' for the animals in the tied stall system, 'fair' for Piemontese cattle in the in pen and Irish cross-breed, and 'very good' for the Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle. Irish cross-breed were the most fearful, with the blood findings also suggesting that these animals showed the worst adaptation, whereas Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle were well adapted. Furthermore, 20 beta-dihydrocortisol was lower (p < .01) in Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle when compared to Piemontese cattle tied and Irish cross-breed. The concordance between haematochemical and hair 20 beta-dihydrocortisol findings observed in the present study suggests that Blonde d'Aquitaine and Piemontese cattle reared in pens were less stressed during their livestock life. Measurements of cortisol metabolites in the hair matrix seem to be a valid diagnostic tool for monitoring animal exposure to situations capable of increasing cortisol levels over time. HIGHLIGHTS Husbandry and management conditions could negatively affect animal welfare. The RIBECA protocol adopted identified some beef cattle welfare critical points. Checking of different blood parameters and hair cortisol metabolites may integrate welfare assessment. SN 1594-4077 EI 1828-051X PD DEC 14 PY 2020 VL 19 IS 1 BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.1080/1828051X.2020.1743783 UT WOS:000522126900001 ER PT J AU Jesse, IJ AF Jesse, Ian J. TI No Longer Wild but "Wildstock": Fox Farming in Twentieth-Century New Brunswick SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY AB Canada experienced a surge of fur farming during the first half of the twentieth century to meet the demands of fashion. The practice was promoted as a relatively easy way in which rural people could earn great income. In the province of New Brunswick, where cash-earning opportunities were limited, many turned to raising foxes. The fox is typically a wild animal and cares for itself when left in its natural habitat. In captivity, however, it required more attention. Farmers treated a wild animal like livestock and faced a range of challenges they needed to overcome if profiting from the animal's fur had any chance of success. Farmers encountered difficulties in breeding, disease and parasites, and feeding. To help overcome these obstacles, farmers turned to modern scientific methods aided by the establishment of an experimental farm on Prince Edward Island. The farm produced and published a great deal of knowledge on the subject of raising foxes. But even if farmers could raise their animals from pup to pelt, great profits were not guaranteed because they also faced a volatile commodity market. SN 0002-1482 EI 1533-8290 PD WIN PY 2020 VL 94 IS 1 BP 84 EP 107 DI 10.3098/ah.2020.094.1.084 UT WOS:000518466000004 ER PT J AU Hwang, HY Kim, SH Kim, MS Park, SJ Lee, CH AF Hwang, Hyun Young Kim, Seong Heon Kim, Myung Sook Park, Seong Jin Lee, Chang Hoon TI Co-composting of chicken manure with organic wastes: characterization of gases emissions and compost quality SO APPLIED BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AB Co-composting of organic wastes is globally recognized to be effective method to dispose two or more wastes at once and minimize drawbacks of composting such as gases emissions and nutrient reduction. In this study, pilot-scale experiments were conducted to characterize the co-composting process of chicken manure with cow manure (CC), swine manure (CS), plant residues plus mushroom media (CRM), on emissions of greenhouse gas, and ammonia, compost quality, maturity and their correlations. The results showed that cumulative flux of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) widely ranged like 38,211-50,830, 172-417, 98-142 and 118-927 g kg dm(-1) day(-1) respectively. It indicated the importance of selection for co-composting material. The NH3 emission was significantly increased by 4.3-7.9 times in CS and CRM, compared to OC and CC. Both of CS and CRM also showed longer thermophilic phase and later maturation were also observed in both treatments. Temperature was positively correlated with gases (P < 0.001) except CH4, and nitrogen content, C/N ratio and nitrate nitrogen significantly affected emission of carbon and nitrogen (P < 0.001). In conclusion, for chicken manure composting, sole chicken manure or combination with cow manure could be suitable composting method to improve compost quality and minimize gases losses. SN 2468-0834 EI 2468-0842 PD DEC PY 2020 VL 63 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1186/s13765-019-0483-8 UT WOS:000511488600001 ER PT J AU Ochando-Pulido, JM Vellido-Perez, JA Gonzalez-Hernandez, R Martinez-Ferez, A AF Ochando-Pulido, Javier M. Vellido-Perez, Jose A. Gonzalez-Hernandez, Ruben Martinez-Ferez, Antonio TI Optimization and modeling of two-phase olive-oil washing wastewater integral treatment and phenolic compounds recovery by novel weak-base ion exchange resins SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY AB In light of the Circular Economy concept, recently emerged as a need for sustainable production, olive oil industry should be concerned to transform the whole process into environmentally friendly, which necessarily implies the treatment of the wastewater by-produced in olive mills. In this work, concentration and recovery of high-added value phenolic compounds from two-phase olive-oil washing wastewater (OOWW) and parallel effluent treatment by a 'green process' based on novel weak-base ion exchange (IE) resins was addressed. The key operating input factors of the resin process for the treatment and valorization of OOWW were studied, optimized and further modelled. A Box-Behnken design was implemented and the obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and interpreted by RSM methodology. The process was ulteriorly modelled by a second-grade quadratic fitting equation comprising the significant operating variables. The optimization of the IE process performance (20.3 degrees C, pH(0) 6.7 and 114 g/L M-resin) ensured up to 92.5% recovery of total phenols concentration. Moreover, the purified stream presented good quality (56.6-83.7 mg L-1 total phenols), following standard recommendations by the FAO. The obtained information would be of key importance for the scale-up of the proposed IE operation. Both the treatment and revalorization of OOWW would help implement a definite sustainable production process of olive-oil. SN 1383-5866 EI 1873-3794 PD OCT 15 PY 2020 VL 249 AR 117084 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117084 UT WOS:000540235100008 ER PT J AU Deng, BL Tian, S Li, SP Guo, MX Liu, HX Li, YY Wang, QJ Zhao, XS AF Deng, Benliang Tian, Shan Li, Shipeng Guo, Mingxin Liu, Hongxia Li, Yueyue Wang, Qianjin Zhao, Xusheng TI A simple, rapid and efficient method for essential element supplementation based on seed germination SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Fertilizer application is typically used to increase the availability of essential elements. In this study, an improved method for essential element supplementation based on seed germination was established. Solutions of essential elements (Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ , Mn2+, SeO32+, or I- or their combination) were applied to germinating soybean seeds, and the contents of the essential elements in the soybean sprouts were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Compared with the control (seeds treated with water), the contents of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine in soybean sprouts produced by germinating seeds treated with solutions containing 10 mM essential elements were approximately 10-2000 times higher. Moreover, treatment with essential element solution increased the total antioxidant capacity and content of total thiols in the soybean sprouts. This rapid and simple technique can be used to improve nutrition for humans and livestock in regions deficient in essential elements. SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD SEP 30 PY 2020 VL 325 AR 126827 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126827 UT WOS:000536053400008 PM 32387939 ER PT J AU Biro, M Molnar, Z Ollerer, K Lengyel, A Ulicsni, V Szabados, K Kis, A Peric, R Demeter, L Babai, D AF Biro, Marianna Molnar, Zsolt Ollerer, Kinga Lengyel, Attila Ulicsni, Viktor Szabados, Klara Kis, Alen Peric, Ranko Demeter, Laszlo Babai, Daniel TI Conservation and herding co-benefit from traditional extensive wetland grazing SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Wetland grazing by livestock, once widespread throughout Europe, is increasingly used in conservation management. To avoid conflicts and enable cooperation between wetland users and conservationists, habitat quality indicators relevant to both stakeholder groups would be useful. We aimed to identify which indicators of grazed wetland habitat quality are important to the two groups, and which are the preferred trends for these indicators along a grazing intensity gradient. We conducted free listing interviews with 15 conservationists and 15 herders to identify the key indicators of well managed, extensively grazed wetland habitats. To check the practical ecological relevance of these indicators, vegetation surveys were performed along a gradient from ungrazed to heavily grazed stands (45 sites) in three countries: Hungary, Romania and Serbia. Positive trends for herders included increases in useful forage grasses and decreases in tall-growing marsh species; for conservationists, increases in wetland birds, protected and threatened plant species, habitat heterogeneity, and patches of open vegetation were all positive. Grazed marshes had lower vegetation cover and height, less litter cover and fewer shrubs. The proportion of open surfaces and the frequency of rare mud species and protected species increased along the grazing intensity gradient. As grazing intensified, 73% of the 15 vegetation attributes assigned to the indicators changed in a 'positive' direction, half of them significantly, showing the benefits of extensive but patchy heavy grazing. Despite differences in perceived benefits, there were no opposing preferred trends for any of the studied indicators, so patchy, occasionally and locally intense or heavy wetland grazing by livestock in these landscapes was beneficial for herding and conservation alike. In the situation of mosaic-like, carefully herded extensive grazing, there was no trade-off between conservation management and utilisation. SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD SEP 15 PY 2020 VL 300 AR UNSP 106983 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106983 UT WOS:000540169600011 ER PT J AU McAuliffe, GA Lopez-Aizpun, M Blackwell, MSA Castellano-Hinojosa, A Darch, T Evans, J Horrocks, C Le Cocq, K Takahashi, T Harris, P Lee, MRF Cardenas, L AF McAuliffe, G. A. Lopez-Aizpun, M. Blackwell, M. S. A. Castellano-Hinojosa, A. Darch, T. Evans, J. Horrocks, C. Le Cocq, K. Takahashi, T. Harris, P. Lee, M. R. F. Cardenas, L. TI Elucidating three-way interactions between soil, pasture and animals that regulate nitrous oxide emissions from temperate grazing systems SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Pasture-based livestock farming contributes considerably to global emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas approximately 265 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Traditionally, the estimation of N2O emissions from grasslands is carried out by means of plot-scale experiments, where externally sourced animal excreta are applied to soils to simulate grazing conditions. This approach, however, fails to account for the impact of different sward types on the composition of excreta and thus the functionality of soil microbiomes, creating unrealistic situations that are seldom observed under commercial agriculture. Using three farming systems under contrasting pasture management strategies at the North Wyke Farm Platform, an instrumented ruminant grazing trial in Devon, UK, this study measured N2O emissions from soils treated with cattle urine and dung collected within each system as well as standard synthetic urine shared across all systems, and compared these values against those from two forms of controls with and without inorganic nitrogen fertiliser applications. Soil microbial activity was regularly monitored through gene abundance to evaluate interactions between sward types, soil amendments, soil microbiomes and, ultimately, N2O production. Across all systems, N2O emissions attributable to cattle urine and standard synthetic urine were found to be inconsistent with one another due to discrepancy in nitrogen content. Despite previous findings that grasses with elevated levels of water-soluble carbohydrates tend to generate lower levels of N2O, the soil under high sugar grass monoculture in this study recorded higher emissions when receiving excreta from cattle fed the same grass. Combined together, our results demonstrate the importance of evaluating environmental impacts of agriculture at a system scale, so that the feedback mechanisms linking soil, pasture, animals and microbiomes are appropriately considered. RI Castellano-Hinojosa, Antonio/P-1988-2014 OI Castellano-Hinojosa, Antonio/0000-0002-5785-7625; Lee, Michael/0000-0001-7451-5611; Harris, Paul/0000-0003-0259-4079 SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD SEP 15 PY 2020 VL 300 AR UNSP 106978 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106978 UT WOS:000540169600008 ER PT J AU Riera-Heredia, N Sanchez-Moya, A Balbuena-Pecino, S Fontanillas, R Gutierrez, J Capilla, E Navarro, I AF Riera-Heredia, Natalia Sanchez-Moya, Albert Balbuena-Pecino, Sara Fontanillas, Ramon Gutierrez, Joaquim Capilla, Encarnacion Navarro, Isabel TI The combination of palm and rapeseed oils emerges as a good dietary alternative for optimal growth and balanced lipid accumulation in juvenile gilthead sea bream reared at an elevated temperature SO AQUACULTURE AB The aquaculture sector needs to develop new tools to optimally increase production for feeding, while facing future environmental changing conditions. One of the major improvements in this industry has been reducing the usage of fishmeal and fish oil (FO) in diet formulations to promote a more sustainable production. In this line and considering global warming, in the present study, juvenile gilthead sea bream were fed a diet with a 60% of FO substitution by vegetable oils (VO) containing mainly palm oil (P) (80% of the VO content) and maintained at 21 or 28 degrees C. Furthermore, in the condition of elevated temperature, fish were fed with two other diets with the same level of FO substitution and containing either 80% of the VO content of rapeseed oil (R) or an equilibrated combination of both VO (named PR). High temperature induced a significant increase in growth, but a reduction in the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes, and circulating triglycerides. Otherwise, significant differences were not found among the fish fed the three distinct diets at 28 degrees C for any of the somatic or plasma parameters analyzed. In the adipose tissue, the higher number of adipocytes of smaller size in fish maintained at 28 degrees C compared to fish at 21 degrees C, suggested an activation of adipogenesis despite the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, lipid droplets of smaller area and downregulation of the fat translocase cd36 and the fatty acid binding protein fabp1 were found in the liver of fish reared at 28 degrees C compared to those at 21 degrees C. Concerning differences among dietary groups, fish fed R diet showed in the liver a more extensive surface area occupied by lipid droplets of bigger size, while contrarily, fish fed PR diet had the smallest area filled with smaller lipid droplets. In adipose tissue, PR diet-fed fish had also adipocytes within the smaller size range. These histological data, together with the significant upregulation of several transcription factors (i.e. ppars) and genes related to lipid transport in the two tissues, indicated that the PR diet could be the most equilibrated for gilthead sea bream, to grow at a high rearing temperature while avoiding excessive fat accumulation. Thus, this study highlights the need of fine-tuning the substitution of FO by VO in the elaboration of feeds for this species to assure proper growth and physiological status in a future global warming scenario. RI Sanchez-Moya, Albert/J-3515-2017 OI Sanchez-Moya, Albert/0000-0002-5749-5978 SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 PD SEP 15 PY 2020 VL 526 AR 735396 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735396 UT WOS:000536862700005 ER PT J AU Duan, L Zhang, YZ Wang, B Cagnetta, G Deng, SB Huang, J Wang, YJ Yu, G AF Duan, Lei Zhang, Yizhe Wang, Bin Cagnetta, Giovanni Deng, Shubo Huang, Jun Wang, Yujue Yu, Gang TI Characteristics of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface water in Beijing, China: Occurrence, spatial distribution and biennial variation from 2013 to 2017 SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AB Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are widely found in the environment due to vast human consumption. Lots of work has been devoted to investigating the occurrence and seasonal variations globally. To fully understand characteristics and cross-year variation of PhACs in Beijing, 35 PhACs were analyzed in 46 sites across Beijing from both urban and suburban areas. Concentrations of target PhACs were ranged from levels of ng L-1 to mu g L-1. Metoprolol (524 ng L-1), caffeine (390 ng L-1) and acetaminophen (156 ng L-1) were the three most abundant non-antibiotics with the highest median concentration, and nalidixic acid (135 ng L-1), erythromycin (64 ng L-1) and sulfamethoxazole (77 ng L-1) were the most abundant antibiotics. Urban and suburban areas are distinguished by PhAC composition in cluster analysis due to different wastewater collection rate. The ratio of easily removable compound group and hardly removable group was then proposed to reflect the wastewater collection rate. The compositional comparison of PhACs in WWTPs' effluents and their receiving rivers further illustrates the impact of WWTPs in urban area. Higher proportion of antibiotics (>30%) in suburban area reflected the impact of presence of livestock farms, which should be concerned. Further statistical analyses show an improving trend of wastewater collection rate, and excluding metoprolol, an anti-hypertension medicine, the total concentration of 13 target PhACs was reduced by 72% during 2013-2017. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 264 AR 114753 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114753 UT WOS:000540263400088 PM 32559871 ER PT J AU Wang, FF Wang, YH Cai, ZC Chen, X AF Wang, Fangfang Wang, Yanhua Cai, Zucong Chen, Xi TI Environmental losses and driving forces of nitrogen flow in two agricultural towns of Hebei province during 1997-2017 SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AB Excessive nitrogen (N) losses from food production and consumption have resulted in noticeable environmental impacts, e.g., air pollution and climate change, saturation of soil N, and water eutrophication. In the present study, a rural-scale N flow model was constructed in Quzhou county, Hebei province to investigate the characteristics of the N flux, N use efficiency (NUE), and N loss and their driving factors in the food production and consumption system during 1997-2017. Our results show that the N fluxes of the crop-production subsystem (CPS), the livestock-breeding subsystem (LBS), and the householdconsumption subsystem (HCS) all followed an upward trend. During 1997-2017, the N losses from the system were high (51.38%), and the CPS was a major source. When the N fertilizer application level was optimal (403-475 kg N ha(-1)), the NUE in the CPS (NUEc) decreased sharply, resulting in a higher N cost than that observed at larger scales. For the LBS, the NUE of animal feed (NUEa) was high (46.37%); however, the waste utilization rate of the HCS was below 30%. The chemical fertilizer application level, feed input, animal-food demand, and livestock manure application level were closely related to the environmental N losses. Due to the lack of reasonable N treatment and utilization methods, the increasing N losses are expected to have a large future impact on environmental issues such as haze, soil acidification, and frequent algal blooms. Therefore, adjusting N management in the processes of food production and consumption is of great significance to the improvement of global NUE and reduction of environmental pollution. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Wang, Yanhua/0000-0001-8193-3264 SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 264 AR 114636 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114636 UT WOS:000540263400018 PM 32380391 ER PT J AU Skelhorn, EPG Garcia-Ara, A Nova, RJ Kinston, H Wapenaar, W AF Skelhorn, E. P. G. Garcia-Ara, A. Nova, R. J. Kinston, H. Wapenaar, W. TI Public opinion and perception of rose veal in the UK SO MEAT SCIENCE AB Rose veal is understood as meat from male purebred dairy calves. The UK veal market is limited, and calves are often killed at birth due to lack of purpose. A questionnaire, completed by 1002 respondents, investigated the UK public knowledge, perceptions and opinions of rose veal, and whether raising awareness would sustain the rose veal market. Most respondents (66%) did not eat rose veal, mainly due to limited availability or exposure (31%) and animal welfare concerns (17%). A third of respondents knew the differences between rose and white veal. After defining this, 61% of respondents would eat rose veal, compared to 23% of respondents who ate it beforehand. Most respondents (91%) were willing to pay more for rose veal burgers than the proposed average price for beef burgers. Increasing availability is key to encourage the sustainability of rose veal production in the UK. These findings are useful for dairy farmers to strategically promote the use of purebred dairy bull calves. SN 0309-1740 EI 1873-4138 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 167 AR 108032 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108032 UT WOS:000540657800015 PM 32408233 ER PT J AU Ridzuan, NHAM Marwan, NF Khalid, N Ali, MH Tseng, ML AF Ridzuan, Nur Hilfa Awatif Mohamad Marwan, Nur Fakhzan Khalid, Norlin Ali, Mohd Helmi Tseng, Ming-Lang TI Effects of agriculture, renewable energy, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING AB This study contributes to (1) discovering that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are not directly influenced by modernisation; (2) attaining sustainable agriculture by incorporating renewable energy into the agriculture sector as an effective CO2 emissions mitigation measure; and (3) applying the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) to test the relationships among attributes in Malaysia. Prior studies have not addressed the associations between the release of CO2 and economic development, renewable energy, urbanisation, and agriculture in Malaysia. Hence, the objective of the study is to investigate the relationships of the emissions of CO2 and economic development, renewable energy, urbanisation, and agricultural subsectors, such as crops, livestock, and fisheries, in Malaysia for the period 1978 to 2016. By the utilisation of the autoregressive distributed lag test for cointegration, CO2 emissions significantly increased due to economic growth and urbanisation but insignificantly increased due to livestock in the long term. Crops, fisheries, and renewable energy significantly reduced emissions in this period. Moreover, this study reveals that the association between emissions of CO2 and economic development is an inverted U. This finding indicates that CO2 emissions eventually decrease despite the increase in CO2 emissions and economic development in the long term upon reaching a specific level of growth. These findings are consistent for Malaysia in terms of the EKC hypothesis. RI Tseng, Ming Lang/M-9051-2014 OI Tseng, Ming Lang/0000-0002-2702-3590 SN 0921-3449 EI 1879-0658 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 160 AR 104879 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104879 UT WOS:000540613000011 ER PT J AU Morrell, JM AF Morrell, Jane M. TI Heat stress and bull fertility SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB Since bull fertility may be adversely affected by hot humid conditions, the current increase in global temperature is of concern for future livestock production. Heat stress occurs when the body's normal physiological mechanisms to regulate body temperature cannot cope with external conditions. The testes and scrotum have their own complex regulatory mechanisms to protect developing sperm during their most vulnerable stages, but even these may be overwhelmed by unfavourable external conditions. The effects of mild, moderate and severe heat stress are somewhat different, with cattle exposed to mild and moderate heat stress apparently showing an adverse effect on fertility, whereas cattle in very hot, humid climates almost continuously may not exhibit any difference in sperm quality throughout the year. This apparent paradox may be due to differences in the cattle populations being studied, since they could differ in breed, age, purpose (beef versus dairy), or even in the methods used to assess sperm quality. The adverse effects on fertility may occur through the effects of reactive oxygen species on sperm DNA, or through perturbation of the production of antioxidants that usually protect sperm from oxidative attack. These effects can be mitigated to some extent by choosing breed and age of bulls with care, and adopting breeding strategies that avoid semen collection or ejaculation at the most adverse times of year. Husbandry measures such as controlled ventilation, misting, provision of shade or cool surfaces for lying down, could aid temperature regulation. Avoiding heat stress during late pregnancy aids calf growth in early life; careful feeding regimens for young bull calves create good conditions for sperm quality after puberty. Bull fertility is too important to be left to chance. Breeds should be chosen according to climate conditions and the purpose of livestock production. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD SEP 1 PY 2020 VL 153 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.014 UT WOS:000540764600009 PM 32442741 ER PT J AU Santeramo, FG Lamonaca, E Tappi, M Di Gioia, L AF Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano Lamonaca, Emilia Tappi, Marco Di Gioia, Leonardo TI On the environmental impacts of voluntary animal-based policies in the EU: Technical and political considerations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY AB The livestock sector has a large influence on direct and indirect (via land use change) greenhouse gas emissions, with potential negative impacts on climate change. We quantify the environmental impacts related to the introduction of a voluntary animal-based policy supported by the European Union (EU), the Measure 14 of Rural Development Programmes 2014-2020 on animal welfare. In particular, we focus on methane and nitrous oxide emissions (direct impacts), and on carbon-based and nitrous oxide emissions from land use change (indirect impacts). Our case study is the dairy sector of the EU Member States. We found that the animal-based measures have (on average) limited environmental impacts, although marked differences exist across Member States. SN 1462-9011 EI 1873-6416 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 111 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.04.017 UT WOS:000540245400007 ER PT J AU De Pue, D Buysse, J AF De Pue, David Buysse, Jeroen TI Safeguarding Natura 2000 habitats from nitrogen deposition by tackling ammonia emissions from livestock facilities SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY AB Nitrogen deposition is one of the main environmental threats to the conservation goals in areas protected by the European Habitats Directive, a problem that is quite pronounced in the livestock-rich region of Flanders, Belgium. Livestock farms are often located close to Natura 2000 areas. Therefore, ammonia emissions from livestock housing and manure storage have a high contribution to the deposition in these nearby protected habitats. In order to control this problem, the Flemish government imposes restrictions on livestock farms that pose a substantial threat to protected habitats nearby. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of this spatially differentiated policy. Using an integrated spatially explicit modeling approach, we were able to show that the effectiveness of this policy is rather limited in terms of reducing the proportion of habitats in exceedance of the critical load for nitrogen. In order to obtain a good status for all sensitive habitats, emission abatement efforts should extend beyond the livestock sector. The effectiveness of the policy is dependent on habitat type and the livestock subsectors contributing to emissions nearby. Furthermore, by means of four different habitat classes, the effectiveness of alternative policy options can be easily assessed on the level of individual habitats. SN 1462-9011 EI 1873-6416 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 111 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.05.004 UT WOS:000540245400009 ER PT J AU Sun, CX Zhou, JL Duan, GL Yu, XB AF Sun, Chixiang Zhou, Jianli Duan, Guoliang Yu, Xiaobin TI Hydrolyzing Laminaria japonica with a combination of microbial alginate lyase and cellulase SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB A novel seaweed-hydrolyzing strain designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. Alg6B was isolated from the surface of brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica). The activity of crude alginate lyase produced by Alg6B was 54.5 U/ml and the main products of hydrolyzing alginate were disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. The hydrolysis rate of seaweed reached up to 97% after combining 3% (v/v) Alg6B and 0.2% (w/v) solid cellulase. In kelp hydrolysate, the contents of nutrients are much more than raw seaweed. Alg6B grows quickly and has the ability of producing alginate oligosaccharides with low molecular weight (MW) (<= 2 kDa). Furthermore, this study demonstrates that a combination of microbial alginate lyase and cellulase could almost hydrolyze seaweed completely. This research indicated that Alg6B could provide a feasible pathway to produce alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), and the synergistic effect of alginate lyase and cellulase on seaweed bioconversion can potentially pave the way to the sustainable production of seaweed fertilizer. OI Sun, Chixiang/0000-0003-4753-2138 SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 311 AR 123548 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123548 UT WOS:000539210700013 PM 32454421 ER PT J AU Jones, KW Mayer, A Von Thaden, J Berry, ZC Lopez-Ramirez, S Salcone, J Manson, RH Asbjornsen, H AF Jones, Kelly W. Mayer, Alex Von Thaden, Juan Berry, Z. Carter Lopez-Ramirez, Sergio Salcone, Jacob Manson, Robert H. Asbjornsen, Heidi TI Measuring the net benefits of payments for hydrological services programs in Mexico SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AB A number of studies show that payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs contribute to reducing deforestation, but few have measured the impact on ecosystem service provision or compared economic benefits and costs of these programs. We integrate impact evaluation and ecosystem service measurement to examine the effects of PES programs in Veracruz, Mexico. We use quasi-experimental methods to measure the effect of enrolling in PES on forest cover. We link these changes in forest cover to field-calibrated measures of water regulation and carbon storage. After converting these changes in ecosystem services to monetary values we calculate the net benefits of the programs. We find that PES reduces losses of forest cover but that the additional gains in forest cover are small. However, these gains in forest lead to positive water regulation and carbon storage services. The net benefits of the PES programs over a 10-year period are as large as USD 3.2 million for watershed services and USD 4.9 million for water plus carbon storage. However, when there is no additionality in forest cover due to PES, the programs result in economic losses. Adopting this type of integrated modeling of PES impacts sheds light on the economic efficiency of these approaches. SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 175 AR 106666 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106666 UT WOS:000539110100011 ER PT J AU Jouan, J Ridier, A Carof, M AF Jouan, Julia Ridier, Aude Carof, Matthieu TI SYNERGY: A regional bio-economic model analyzing farm-to-farm exchanges and legume production to enhance agricultural sustainability SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AB Agricultural specialization has disconnected crop and livestock production in many farms and regions. As a result, crop farms are deficient in nitrogen to fertilize their crops, while livestock farms are deficient in proteins to feed their animals. The increased consumption of nitrogen rich input raised economics and environmental questions. In this study, we tested two mechanisms to reconnect crop and livestock production: increasing legume production and developing farm-to-farm exchanges of crops and manure. To do so, we developed the SYNERGY bio-economic model, which represents specialized farm types in a region and models exchanges between them. Applied to western France, it analyzes economic, technical and environmental impacts. When the legume share reached 10% of the region's area, legume production increased more on crop farms than on livestock farms and its use in feed was still limited. When farms could export more manure, legume production increased but N losses increased due to an intensification of pig production. This rebound effect offset the environmental benefits linked to the decrease in synthetic N fertilizers use. When local crop exchanges were possible, they remained limited and did not affect indicators. Thus, the two levers studied are insufficient to improve sustainability, mainly because of high livestock production. SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 175 AR 106688 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106688 UT WOS:000539110100016 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Tao, CW Hsu, BM Yang, YY Tseng, YC Huang, TY Huang, SW Kuo, YJ Chen, JS AF Tsai, Hsin-Chi Tao, Chi-Wei Hsu, Bing-Mu Yang, Yu-Ying Tseng, Ying-Chin Huang, Tung-Yi Huang, Shih-Wei Kuo, Yi-Jie Chen, Jung-Sheng TI Multidrug-resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from a subtropical river contaminated by nearby livestock industries SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AB Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major threat to public health that causes infections inhospitals, communities, and animal husbandry. Livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) is defined as MRSA possessing staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IV or V, both of which lacks the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene but has variable combinations of antimicrobial susceptibility. This study focused on Taiwan's subtropical river basin and the Puzih River, which converges from tributaries flowing through downtown and animal husbandry areas. MRSA was detected at a rate of 7.8% in the tributaries, which was higher than downstream (2.1%). The ratio of multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA (n = 30) to total MRSA isolates (n = 39) was 0.769, and most of the MDR MRSA isolates (66.7%, 20/30) exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. The number of MDR MRSA isolates in the tributaries was also higher than the downstream regions of the Puzih River. The majority of MRSA isolates (64.1%) observed in this study possessed SCCmec type IV without PVL, which is typical for LA-MRSA. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) typing aided the discrimination of resistance patterns among SCCmec types. SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 PD SEP 1 PY 2020 VL 200 AR 110724 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110724 UT WOS:000539092800026 PM 32450435 ER PT J AU Murali, R Ikhagvajav, P Amankul, V Jumabay, K Sharma, K Bhatnagar, YV Suryawanshi, K Mishra, C AF Murali, Ranjini Ikhagvajav, Purevjav Amankul, Venera Jumabay, Kubanych Sharma, Koustubh Bhatnagar, Yash Veer Suryawanshi, Kulbushansingh Mishra, Charudutt TI Ecosystem service dependence in livestock and crop-based production systems in Asia's high mountains SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Globally, in semi-arid and arid landscapes, there is an ongoing transition from livestock-production systems to crop-production systems, and in many parts of Asia's arid mountains, mining for minerals is also increasing. These changes are accompanied by a change in the generation and quality of ecosystem services (ES), which can impact human well-being. In this study, to better understand the impacts of such transitions, we quantified ES in two crop-based and three livestock-based production systems in the arid and semi-arid landscapes of the High Himalaya and Central Asia, specifically in the Indian Himalaya, Kyrgyz Tien Shan, and Mongolian Altai. Our results showed 1) high economic dependence (3.6-38 times the respective annual household income) of local farmers on provisioning ES, with the economic value of ES being greater in livestock-production systems (7.4-38 times the annual household income) compared to crop-production systems (3.6-3.7 times the annual household income); 2) ES input into cashmere production, the main commodity from the livestock-production systems, was 13-18 times greater than the price of cashmere received by the farmer; and 3) in the livestock production systems affected by mining, impacts on ES and quality of life were reported to be negative by majority of the respondents. We conclude that livestock-based systems may be relatively more vulnerable to degrading impacts of mining and other ongoing developments due to their dependence on larger ES resource catchments that tend to have weaker land tenure and are prone to fragmentation. In contrast to the general assumption of low value of ES in arid and semi-arid landscapes due to relatively low primary productivity, our study underscores the remarkably high importance of ES in supporting local livelihoods. SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD SEP PY 2020 VL 180 AR 104204 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104204 UT WOS:000539093700006 ER PT J AU Hashim, LH Halilu, A Sudarsanam, P Umar, YB Bin Johan, MR Bhargava, SK AF Hashim, Luqman H. Halilu, Ahmed Sudarsanam, Putla Umar, Yahaya Balarabe Bin Johan, Mohd Rafie Bhargava, Suresh K. TI Bifunctional rice husk-derived SiO2-Cu-Al-Mg nanohybrid catalyst for one-pot conversion of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl acetate SO FUEL AB Developing one-pot reaction methodologies, which typically require multifunctional catalyst systems, is crucial for sustainable production of bio-derived fuels and chemicals. This work reports one-pot hydrogenation-esterification of furfural to furfuryl acetate using a bifunctional metal-based nanohybrid catalyst, composed of rice husk (RH) derived SiO2, Cu, Al, and Mg species (RHSiO2-Cu-Al-Mg). For comparison, the catalytic efficiency of RHSiO2-Cu and RHSiO2-Cu-Al were tested under similar reaction conditions. Various analytical techniques were used to elucidate the physicochemical, textural, and acid-redox properties of the catalysts. It was found that the RHSiO2-Cu-Al-Mg catalyst contains an optimum amount of acid and redox sites, as illustrated by NH3-TPD and H-2-TPR studies, respectively. Especially, Mg addition played a vital role in tailoring acidity of the RHSiO2-Cu-Al catalyst to promote in-situ esterification of furfuryl alcohol with acetic acid to yield furfuryl acetate. As a result, the RHSiO2-Cu-Al-Mg catalyst exhibited the best performance in one-pot conversion of furfural to furfuryl acetate, outperforming various noble metal/silica based catalysts. This study offers potential opportunities for the rational design of novel, bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for efficient production of bio-derived fuels and value added chemicals. SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 PD SEP 1 PY 2020 VL 275 AR 117953 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117953 UT WOS:000535710000023 ER PT J AU Xu, YF Wang, J Ma, GY Bai, JY Du, YX Ding, MY AF Xu, Yanfei Wang, Jie Ma, Guangyuan Bai, Jingyang Du, Yixiong Ding, Mingyue TI Selective conversion of syngas to olefins-rich liquid fuels over core-shell FeMn@SiO2 catalysts SO FUEL AB Converting syngas to value-added liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has attracted much attention, whereas direct obtaining target hydrocarbons remains a big challenge. In this work, a novel core-shell structured FeMn@SiO2 catalyst with adjustable shell thickness was prepared for the sustainable production of olefins-rich liquid fuels from syngas. The selectivity of C-5(+) hydrocarbons (liquid fuels) presented a volcanic trend with the thickening of SiO2 shell, which was attributed to a balancing effect between hydrogen enrichment and spatial restriction of SiO2 shell in the FeMn@SiO2 catalyst. After the encapsulation of optimized SiO2 on FeMn, an excellent C-5(+) liquid fuels selectivity of 71.8% with olefins selectivity of 72.5% at CO conversion of 67.2% could be obtained. SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 PD SEP 1 PY 2020 VL 275 AR 117884 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117884 UT WOS:000535710000088 ER PT J AU Yin, ZC Chen, QF Zhao, CS Fu, Y Li, JY Feng, Y Li, L AF Yin, Zhichao Chen, Qingfeng Zhao, Changsheng Fu, Ying Li, Jinye Feng, You Li, Lei TI A new approach to removing and recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater using dolomite SO CHEMOSPHERE AB Recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater could partly mitigate the global phosphorus resource crisis. Crystallization is a promising method for removing phosphorus from wastewater, but the costs of calcium- and magnesium-containing reagents are increasing. Cheap, available, efficient materials are required to replace conventional calcium and magnesium reagents. Here, we describe a new approach to removing and recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater of a large pig farm, containing a high phosphorus concentration. The effects of the pH, stirring speed, stirring time, and extract dose (containing calcium and magnesium) on phosphorus removal from livestock wastewater were investigated. The product was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Under optimized conditions (pH 9.0, stirring speed 200 r/m, stirring time 600 s, Ca 207.62 mg/L, Mg 122.86 mg/L), 92% of the phosphorus was removed from livestock wastewater. The product was mainly the hydroxyapatite (Ca-5(PO4)(3)OH) precursor amorphous calcium phosphate but also contained 1.65% (by mass) magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4 center dot 6H(2)O) crystals. The cost of dolomite to treat 1 m(3) of high-phosphorus wastewater was 0.20 yuan (45.9%, 25.9%, and 75.9% lower than for pure MgCl2, MgSO4, and CaCl2, respectively) in 2019. Using dolomite to provide calcium and magnesium effectively decreases the crystallization process cost and should encourage the use of crystallization to remove phosphorus from wastewater. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 255 AR 127005 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127005 UT WOS:000538127800086 PM 32416395 ER PT J AU Ying, SH Kong, XW Cai, Z Man, Z Xin, YC Liu, DZ AF Ying, Shihao Kong, Xianwang Cai, Zhen Man, Zun Xin, Yicong Liu, Dezhao TI Interactions and microbial variations in a biotrickling filter treating low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia SO CHEMOSPHERE AB A lab-scale biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with porcelain Rasching ring and ceramsite was applied for co-treating of low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), as major pollutants typically found in e.g., intensive livestock production facilities. In this study, the outlet gas concentrations of H2S and NH3 were used for indicators if the treated gas reached odor-free condition. Overall, excellent removal efficiencies were obtained for both H2S and NH3 in the BTF during Stage I (H2S alone) and Stage II (H2S and NH3). Specifically, the H2S outlet concentration was below the detection limit (-3.6 ppbv) and the NH3 outlet concentration was less than 0.4 ppmv when the inlet concentrations of H2S and NH3 were around 1.8 ppmv and 35.3 ppmv, respectively. In this case, the running empty bed residence time was 10.2 s. During Stage II, the outlet H2S concentration was decreased significantly when the inlet NH3 concentration was increased, likely due to the influence by pH. Meanwhile, the outlet nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration was kept low (<2% NH3) during the experiment, suggesting a proper operation of the BTF. After the inlet gas shifted from H2S alone at Stage I to H2S and NH3 at Stage II, the main sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) species in the BTF switched from Acidithiobacillus to Thiobacillus. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 255 AR 126931 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126931 UT WOS:000538127800036 PM 32402879 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Wang, J Lu, C Liao, QH Gudda, FO Ling, WT AF Zhou, Xian Wang, Jian Lu, Chao Liao, Qihang Gudda, Fredrick Owino Ling, Wanting TI Antibiotics in animal manure and manure-based fertilizers: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment SO CHEMOSPHERE AB The extensive use of antibiotics globally and their residues in the environment has become a serious concern. Intensive animal farming is considered to be a major contributor to the increased environmental burden of antibiotics. Although some antibiotic investigations have been advancing around the world, as an important agricultural country, the information on these pollutants in animal farms are very limited in China. Previous studies have explored few antibiotic residues in livestock farms, whereas information on some antibiotics has remained unknown. The current study analyzed residues of 32 common veterinary antibiotics in manure and manure-based fertilizers collected from Jiangsu Province, China. In most of the manure and fertilizer samples, sulfamethazine and tetracycline were present, with high concentration up to 5650 and 1920 mu g.kg(-1), respectively. These detected antibiotics have weak relationships with physicochemical properties. Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine, and sulfachlorpyridazine, hence pose a high potential risk to crops based on the toxicological data of organisms and plants in the soil environment. However, soil invertebrate, such as earthworms, Planococcus Citri. and Folsomia fimeraria., had low ecological risks. Our results showed the presence of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farms plus the potential risks to the soil ecosystem. Therefore, the findings can provide guidelines for monitoring antibiotic residues in agroecosystems, as well as insights into the associated ecological risks of using the two products. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 255 AR 127006 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127006 UT WOS:000538127800087 PM 32417517 ER PT J AU Panettieri, M Guigue, J Prevost-Boure, NC Thevenot, M Leveque, J Le Guillou, C Maron, PA Santoni, AL Ranjard, L Mounier, S Menasseri, S Viaud, V Mathieu, O AF Panettieri, Marco Guigue, Julien Prevost-Boure, Nicolas Chemidlin Thevenot, Mathieu Leveque, Jean Le Guillou, Cedric Maron, Pierre-Alain Santoni, Anne-Lise Ranjard, Lionel Mounier, Stephane Menasseri, Safya Viaud, Valerie Mathieu, Olivier TI Grassland-cropland rotation cycles in crop-livestock farming systems regulate priming effect potential in soils through modulation of microbial communities, composition of soil organic matter and abiotic soil properties SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Soils can act as a carbon sink, and the chemical and biological transformation of vegetal litter into soil organic matter (SOM) is widely influenced by land-use and other biogeochemical parameters. However, the increase of new carbon inputs to soil has the potential to trigger the mineralization of stabilized SOM, a process called priming effect. The objective of this manuscript is to investigate, at a landscape scale (5 km(2)), the factors influencing the susceptibility of SOM to priming effect. To achieve this objective, physical, chemical, and metagenomics analyses were conducted on 88 soil samples and successively combined with agronomical data and soil incubation for the quantification of carbon fluxes. Variance partitioning models highlighted that priming effect is controlled by complex interactions of biotic and abiotic factors, which include soil chemistry, quality of SOM, shape and abundance of microbial communities. Fluorescence properties of the dissolved organic matter has been found as a strong descriptor for priming effect. Depending on the time of crop rotation devoted to grassland, two different components leading to priming effect were identified. The introduction of grassland for 40-60% of the time of rotation achieved the lowest susceptibility to priming effect, and higher indexes of microbial diversity, whereas higher or lower proportions of time of the rotation devoted to grassland resulted in an increase of priming effect and a decrease of bacterial evenness. RI MOUNIER, Stephane Jean Louis/P-9135-2015; Guigue, Julien/AAH-6699-2020 OI MOUNIER, Stephane Jean Louis/0000-0002-9624-0230; Guigue, Julien/0000-0001-8140-4450 SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD SEP 1 PY 2020 VL 299 AR UNSP 106973 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106973 UT WOS:000536749000003 ER PT J AU Pollaro, N Santagata, R Ulgiati, S AF Pollaro, Nausicaa Santagata, Remo Ulgiati, Sergio TI Sustainability Evaluation of Sheep and Goat Rearing in Southern Italy. A Life Cycle Cost/Benefit Assessment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT AB Sheep and goat farming represent a non-negligible share of the worldwide livestock productions. Ovine rearing, although knowing time periods of growth and descents, is today gaining more interest especially with regards of milk and dairy products. This is due to the rediscovery of the economic, social and environmental potential of this type of farming and its products. This work aims to analyze goat farming and its productions using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. LCA makes it possible to evaluate and understand the environmental impacts of livestock fanning and dairy processing throughout all the phases of their production. The purpose is to highlight and localize the opportunities for reducing the environmental impacts; compare similar products to each other; evaluate and compare the effects related to different environmental and resource management policies. Two zootechnical companies, located in the province of Salerno (Italy), are investigated. The production process analyzed is precisely that of goat cheese, specifically the "Cacioricotta Cilentana", a very well-known kind of Italian cheese. The characteristics of goat breeding and the production of Cacioricotta Cilentana are examined in this study. The similarities and differences between the two companies have been highlighted, linked to the breeding, cheese making and sale phases of the finished product. Applying the LCA approach, the environmental impacts of the production process were analyzed and quantified, according to the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method to derive impact indicators relating to the most significant impact categories (including climate change, human toxicity, acidification. depletion of fossil resources, depletion of water resources). The evaluation highlights the critical points of the process so as to be able to suggest improvement options. (C) 2020 L&H Scientific Publishing. LLC. All rights reserved. SN 2325-6192 EI 2325-6206 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 8 IS 3 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.5890/JEAM.2020.09.002 UT WOS:000534520000002 ER PT J AU Hai, LT Tung, TV Thanh, TV Vi, LQ Thao, NTP Hieu, TT Le, S Braunegg, S Braunegg, G Schnitzer, H AF Le Thanh Hai Tra Van Tung Tran Van Thanh Le Quoc Vi Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao Tran Thi Hieu Le, Son Braunegg, Sibylle Braunegg, Gerhart Schnitzer, Hans TI An Integrated Pollution Prevention Ecosystem for Small-Scale Production of Raw Coco-nut Jelly in Craft Villages - A Case Study from Mekong Delta, Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT AB Raw coconut jelly is a popular byproduct of the coconut processing industry in the Asia Pacific which can enhance the added economic value for the local families in the rural area. However, the coconut jelly production has resulted in significant environmental impacts, particularly to the aquatic environment due to its heavily polluted wastewater e.g. very high values of COD (up to 120.000 mg/l). of total nitrogen (up to 1,740 mg/l), and of total phosphorus (up to 64 mg/l). The available wastewater treatment technology for such type of wastewater is likely to be not economically efficient due to the small-scale production at craft villages in the developing countries. This study developed and demonstrated an integrated eco-model for small (family) scale production of raw coconut jelly in craft villages which applied Cleaner Production sollutions for pollution prevention on the basis of available conditions at the local family. The system demonstration showed a win-win solution for family with major benefits by reduction of 90% of pollutants (i.e 27 kg COD, 21.4 kg BOD5, approx. 7 kg N, 113 g P and 28 kg SO42- for one production batch), as well as the other benefit by major reduction of 90 % of investment and operating costs of the wastewater treatment plant. (C) 2020 L&H Scientific Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved. SN 2325-6192 EI 2325-6206 PD SEP PY 2020 VL 8 IS 3 BP 293 EP 310 DI 10.5890/JEAM.2020.09.007 UT WOS:000534520000007 ER PT J AU van der Weerden, TJ Noble, AN Luo, J de Klein, CAM Saggar, S Giltrap, D Gibbs, J Rys, G AF van der Weerden, T. J. Noble, A. N. Luo, J. de Klein, C. A. M. Saggar, S. Giltrap, D. Gibbs, J. Rys, G. TI Meta -analysis of New Zealand's nitrous oxide emission factors for rumi- nant excreta supports disaggregation based on excreta form, livestock type and slope class SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD AUG 25 PY 2020 VL 732 AR 139235 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139235 UT WOS:000540001600005 PM 32438176 ER PT J AU Tongwane, MI Moeletsi, ME AF Tongwane, Mphethe I. Moeletsi, Mokhele E. TI Emission factors and carbon emissions of methane from enteric fermentation of cattle produced under different management systems in South Africa SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD AUG 20 PY 2020 VL 265 AR 121931 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121931 UT WOS:000540218400024 ER PT J AU Li, YY Han, YY Zhang, YR Fang, YR Li, SY Li, GX Luo, WH AF Li, Yangyang Han, Yiyu Zhang, Yiran Fang, Yanru Li, Shuyan Li, Guoxue Luo, Wenhai TI Factors affecting gaseous emissions, maturity, and energy efficiency in composting of livestock manure digestate SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB This study investigated the interplay effects of key operational factors on maturity, gaseous emissions, and energy efficiency during composting of livestock manure digestate. Orthogonal experiments were conducted with three factors: digestion duration (15, 30, 45 days), corn stalk addition (15%, 25%, 35%, wet weight based), and aeration rate (0.12, 0.24, 0.48 L kg(-1) dry matter (DM) min(-1)). Results showed that digestion duration was the main factor influencing the compost germination index (GI), greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, and net energy. Digestion duration of 30 days was favored for compost GI and GHG reduction, while digestion duration of 45 days exhibited 18% higher daily net energy. Increasing corn stalk addition and aeration rates improved compost GI, but increased energy consumption. Corn stalk addition of 25% and aeration rate of 0.24 L kg-1 DM min-1 could ensure desirable compost maturity and save energy consumption. Thus, digestion for 30 days, 25% corn stalk addition, and aeration rates of 0.24 L kg-1 DM min-1 can be potentially implemented in industry for environmental and cost efficient composting of digestate. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Luo, Wenhai/0000-0003-2572-1480 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD AUG 20 PY 2020 VL 731 AR 139157 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139157 UT WOS:000537418200019 PM 32428753 ER PT J AU Karvatte, N Miyagi, ES de Oliveira, CC Barreto, CD Mastelaro, AP Bungenstab, DJ Alves, FV AF Karvatte Junior, Nivaldo Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri de Oliveira, Caroline Carvalho Barreto, Camilla Diniz Mastelaro, Ariadne Pegoraro Bungenstab, Davi Jose Alves, Fabiana Villa TI Infrared thermography for microclimate assessment in agroforestry systems SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB In agroforestry systems, trees modify climatic parameters over a given area and create a complex microclimate through interactions between topography, plant composition and organizational structure of trees. In this way, indicators such as surface temperature of tree canopy and pasture, monitored by infrared thermography, are important to monitor the thermal environment of animal production and pasture establishment. Goals of this study were (1) to evaluate temporal and local variations of temperature and humidity leaf surface of tree canopy and pasture in agroforestry systems by infrared remote sensing and, (2) to validate infrared thermography as a potential tool for assessment microclimate in agroforestry systems. The study was carried out between June 2015 and February 2016 in an experimental area located at 54 degrees 370'W, 20 degrees 270'S and 530 m altitude, in Brazil. Surface temperatures and humidity of tree canopy and pasture in two agroforestry systems with different densities and tree spatial arrangements were determined using infrared thermography. Air, black globe and dew point temperatures, relative humidity and wind speed were measured using digital thermo-hygrometers with datalogger. Moderate to strong associations have been identified between microclimate parameters and those monitored by means of thermography measurements (0.45 >= r <= 0.78), suggesting positive relationships and equally well explained by air temperature, black globe temperature and relative air humidity (R-2 = 0.68 >= R-2 <= 0.98). Variations in hourly averages of temperatures and humidity of pasture and tree canopy show similar patterns between seasons, with consistently higheraverages during summer and under full sun, indicating the existence of a thermal bandwith leaf temperatures above air temperature. Therefore, this work's findings support use of infrared thermography as a tool for microclimate assessment in agroforestry systems. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Karvatte Junior, Nivaldo/0000-0002-2442-8189 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD AUG 20 PY 2020 VL 731 AR 139252 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139252 UT WOS:000537247700013 PM 32413649 ER PT J AU Dieguez, FJ Pereira, M AF Dieguez, Francisco Jose Pereira, Marcelo TI Uruguayan native grasslands net aerial primary production model and its application on safe stocking rate concept SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING AB Native pastures in Uruguay grasslands are the main resource for livestock extensive farming. Remote sensing data of Net Aerial Primary Production is a useful tool to enhance knowledge about grasslands dynamics and behaviour. The pasture productivity on grasslands is highly affected by climate and droughts episodes impacts directly on secondary productivity of livestock systems. Using remote sensing data, a harmonic sinusoidal model affected by a "climate coefficient" is proposed to generate prospective scenarios and to study an implementation of the Safe stocking rate concept. This information can be use in extension activity to help farmers to adapt their systems to native grass dynamics on the adaptive management paradigm. SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 PD AUG 15 PY 2020 VL 430 AR 109060 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109060 UT WOS:000540447700002 ER PT J AU Lassman, W Collett, JL Ham, JM Yalin, AP Shonkwiler, KB Pierce, JR AF Lassman, William Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. Ham, Jay M. Yalin, Azer P. Shonkwiler, Kira B. Pierce, Jeffrey R. TI Exploring new methods of estimating deposition using atmospheric concentration measurements: A modeling case study of ammonia downwind of a feedlot SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY AB Atmospheric ammonia is an important compound in the atmosphere because of its role in aerosol formation and its importance to the global nitrogen cycle. Livestock feeding operations are a major source of ammonia emissions to the atmosphere, and ammonia concentrations near these large feedlots can be many orders of magnitude higher than background. These feedlots can impact regional ecology and air quality, but uncertainty in the ammonia surface fluxes adjacent to these major sources can make the extent of the feedlot's impact difficult to determine. Ammonia surface fluxes are generally challenging to quantify with direct flux measurement techniques due to the challenges in conducing ammonia measurements with sufficient temporal resolution. Feedlots housing ruminant livestock such as cattle are also sources of methane. Because methane does not undergo appreciable dry deposition and is chemically inert on relevant spatial scales, we can use it as a tracer to constrain the downwind dilution of feedlot ammonia emissions. The ratio of atmospheric ammonia to methane has been shown to decrease with increasing distance downwind of a feedlot due to deposition and aerosol partitioning of gas-phase ammonia. In atmospheric conditions where inorganic aerosol formation is slow, the ratio of ammonia to methane can be used to estimate of the fraction of ammonia that has undergone deposition downwind of the feedlot. We use a Large-Eddy Simulation turbulent dispersion model to generate realistic concentration fields of atmospheric ammonia and methane concentrations downwind of a feedlot, and we sample the model output to produce synthetic measurements of these tracers. We then use the synthetic observations of background-corrected the ammonia:methane concentration ratio to derive the ammonia deposition rate. In this study, we explore conducing measurements from two platforms: sensors deployed on a small unmanned aerial vehicle and on a surface-based mobile observation platform. We find that the surface-based platform overestimates of ammonia deposition by a factor of 1.5 due to sampling near the surface where ammonia concentrations are depleted. However, use of the aerial platform allows more accurate estimation of the deposition fraction (relative error <0.09). SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 PD AUG 15 PY 2020 VL 290 AR UNSP 107989 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107989 UT WOS:000540172000003 ER PT J AU Yin, MQ Hu, XF Sun, YN Xing, YR Xing, GX Wang, YW Li, QM Wang, Y Deng, RG Zhang, GP AF Yin, Mengqi Hu, Xiaofei Sun, Yaning Xing, Yunrui Xing, Guangxu Wang, Yanwei Li, Qingmei Wang, Yao Deng, Ruiguang Zhang, Gaiping TI Broad-spectrum detection of zeranol and its analogues by a colloidal gold-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay in milk SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Based on colloidal gold and broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody that binds to zeranol and its five analogues with high sensitivity, a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) in a competitive format was developed to specifically determine residues of zeranol, an illegal growth promoter in livestock. In this study, the assay had high sensitivity and was broad-spectrum only for zeranol and its five analogues, and the results were obtained within 10 min without needing sophisticated procedures. The cutoff values for zeranol and its five analogues were 10 ng/mL, and the IC50 values for zeranol, beta-zearalanol, zearalanone, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol and zearalenone were 1.250, 1.800, 1.775, 1.225, 1.709 and 1.319 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery rates were ranged from 85.6 to 93.9%, with the coefficient of variations less than 12.4%. The results demonstrated that the LFIA could be used for rapid, simultaneous, semi-quantitative and quantitative detection of residues of zeranol and its five analogous in milk. SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD AUG 15 PY 2020 VL 321 AR 126697 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126697 UT WOS:000526394400028 PM 32244141 ER PT J AU Almeida, CMVB Frugoli, AD Agostinho, F Liu, GY Giannetti, BF AF Almeida, C. M. V. B. Frugoli, A. D. Agostinho, F. Liu, G. Y. Giannetti, B. F. TI Integrating or Des-integrating agribusiness systems: Outcomes of emergy evaluation SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB The agribusiness contributes significantly to the Brazilian domestic production, and the search for environmentally friendly systems, exploring the maximum possible use of renewable resources and reducing the use of non-renewable ones, affects the agribusiness' productivity and competitivity. An agribusiness producing corn, eggs, pork and milk was evaluated using emergy accounting. The effects of the (des)integration of the production processes on the efficiency and environmental sustainability of the system were assessed using seven scenarios. The first is the existing integrated system and the others are scenarios in which one of the productive subsystems is removed. Efficiency is measured by the global productivity relative to the amount of protein produced. The most environmentally advantageous scenario, in terms of sustainability and productivity, is the one in which pork production is increased and egg production is ceased. This result suggests that increasing integration per se cannot assure gains in environmental sustainability. The integrated management of the residues of the poultry and pig production as organic fertilizer resulted an advantage for the seven scenarios. The scenarios presented should help to evaluate organizational innovations and to identify trade-offs that could influence the environmental performance of agricultural integrated systems. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD AUG 10 PY 2020 VL 729 AR 138733 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138733 UT WOS:000537441700003 PM 32498157 ER PT J AU Chen, DC Ning, FY Zhang, JY Tang, Y Teng, XH AF Chen, Dechun Ning, Fangyong Zhang, Jingyang Tang, You Teng, Xiaohua TI NF-kappa B pathway took part in the development of apoptosis mediated by miR-15a and oxidative stress via mitochondrial pathway in ammonia-treated chicken splenic lymphocytes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Ammonia, a kind of gas with pungent smell, is harmful to livestock and people, and has bad influence on the atmosphere. However, the mechanism of splenic toxicity caused by ammonia is still poorly understood. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of ammonia on chicken splenic lymphocytes from the perspective of apoptosis. Chicken splenic lymphocytes were divided into the control group and the two ammonium treatment groups (1 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L ammonia), and were cultured for 24 h. CCK-8, flow cytometry (FC), fluorescence microscope, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot were used to study the differences between different groups. The results showed that ammonia exposure increased the release of calcium(Ca)(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondrion. Besides, we found an increase in mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inflammation-related genes (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)), apoptosis-related genes (B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), Cytochrome c (Cytc), apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1), Caspase-9, and Caspase-3), and an increase in protein levels of NF-kappa B, iNOS, BAX, Cytc, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3. At the same time, we found a decrease level of GPx protein expression, and a decrease level of glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA expression, and a decrease level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and BCL-2 mRNA and protein expression in splenic lymphocytes exposed to ammonia. Meanwhile, miR-15a expression increased under ammonia exposure. In summary, these results indicated that ammonia induced oxidative stress, promoted the release of Ca2+, Cytc, and ROS from mitochondria, and then induced mitochondria-mediated inflammatory response, finally triggered apoptosis in chicken splenic lymphocytes. (c) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD AUG 10 PY 2020 VL 729 AR 139017 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139017 UT WOS:000537433400019 PM 32380330 ER PT J AU Mamlouk, A Guesmi, K Ouertani, I Kalthoum, S Selmi, R Ben Aicha, E Mohamed, BBH Gharbi, R Lachtar, M Dhaouadi, A Seghaier, C Messadi, L AF Mamlouk, Aymen Guesmi, Kaouther Ouertani, Imen Kalthoum, Sana Selmi, Rachid Ben Aicha, Elhem Mohamed, Bassem Bel Haj Gharbi, Raja Lachtar, Monia Dhaouadi, Anissa Seghaier, Chedia Messadi, Lilia TI Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in ewes in Tunisia SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES AB Enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) caused by Chlamydia abortus is a disease of ruminants that results in serious economic losses in livestock industry. The zoonotic potential of the pathogen adds a public health concern on the efforts to control the disease. We report herein a cross-sectional study that was conducted during the lambing season (June and July) in Tunisia to estimate the seroprevalence of C. abortus infection in large sheep herds with abortion history. A total of 803 ewes were sampled and tested using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The overall apparent seroprevalence at herd and individual levels were 58 % (95 %CI = 39-74.5 %) and 6.6 % (95 %CI = 4.9-8.3 %), respectively. Significant risk factors investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses were history of infertility (OR = 5.7; 95 %CI = 3.05-10.66), the number of reproductive ewes (OR = 2.1; 95 %CI = 1.12-3.94), the control of new animals at introduction (OR = 4.35; 95 %CI = 2.46-7.68), the sharing of drinking water (OR = 2.18; 95 %CI = 1.22-3.9), the exchange of breeding males (OR = 2.56; 95 %CI = 1.003-6.54), the disposal of abortion materials without precaution (OR = 4.36; 95 %CI = 2.42-7.87), the lack of lambing barn (OR = 2.39; 95 %CI = 1.13-5.04), the non-application of hygienic post-abortion measures (OR = 10.35; 95 %CI = 5.28-20.26) and the manure management (OR = 11.35; 95 %CI = 3.26-39.48). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sero-epidemiological survey conducted on an abortive disease in Tunisian ewes that investigated the risk factors of C. abortus infection. SN 0147-9571 EI 1878-1667 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 71 AR 101500 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101500 UT WOS:000540815800012 PM 32505766 ER PT J AU Rai, RK van den Homberg, MJC Ghimire, GP McQuistan, C AF Rai, Rajesh Kumar van den Homberg, Marc J. C. Ghimire, Gopal Prasad McQuistan, Colin TI Cost-benefit analysis of flood early warning system in the Karnali River Basin of Nepal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AB Nepal is severely flood-prone and ranks 20th worldwide in terms of flood-affected population. Although it is widely acknowledged that both national and community-based early warning systems (EWS) can reduce the impact of floods, studies quantifying the cost-benefits remain scarce. This study analyzes the costs and benefits of the EWS in the Lower Karnali River Basin in Nepal through 453 household surveys, 30 focus group discussions and 40 key informant interviews. The results show that households found the EWS to be beneficial and reliable, allowing them to save movable property, livestock and vehicles and health costs equivalent to NPR 117,027 (USD 1083) per household during the flood. The benefit-cost ratio is between 24 and 73 depending on different scenarios. 98% of the respondents would be willing to pay an annual fee of NPR 79 (USD 0.70) for five years if the existing flood EWS was to be managed by the community disaster committees. This can generate NPR 694,426 (USD 6430) annually, which would cover the annual maintenance and operating cost of the system. EWS gradually changes behaviors of communities over time as they start to trust the system and lead times are increased, resulting in more social capital and a wider range of early actions that reduce avoidable loss and damage. Improving the forecast lead time by 1 h can increase the current savings by 1.83 times. The results of the cost-benefit analysis can inform the policy-making of state and non-state actors and contribute to securing further funding. SN 2212-4209 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 47 AR 101534 DI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101534 UT WOS:000539301800001 ER PT J AU Gomez-Zavaglia, A Mejuto, JC Simal-Gandara, J AF Gomez-Zavaglia, A. Mejuto, J. C. Simal-Gandara, J. TI Mitigation of emerging implications of climate change on food production systems SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL CT 1st International Congress on Bioactive Compounds (ICBC) CY NOV 22-23, 2018 CL Campinas, BRAZIL AB Crops, livestock and seafood are major contributors to global economy. Agriculture and fisheries are especially dependent on climate. Thus, elevated temperatures and carbon dioxide levels can have large impacts on appropriate nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability and various other critical performance conditions. Changes in drought and flood frequency and severity can pose severe challenges to farmers and threaten food safety. In addition, increasingly warmer water temperatures are likely to shift the habitat ranges of many fish and shellfish species, ultimately disrupting ecosystems. In general, climate change will probably have negative implications for farming, animal husbandry and fishing. The effects of climate change must be taken into account as a key aspect along with other evolving factors with a potential impact on agricultural production, such as changes in agricultural practices and technology; all of them with a serious impact on food availability and price. This review is intended to provide critical and timely information on climate change and its implications in the food production/consumption system, paying special attention to the available mitigation strategies. RI Simal-Gandara, Jesus/A-9533-2009 OI Simal-Gandara, Jesus/0000-0001-9215-9737; Gomez-Zavaglia, Andrea/0000-0002-8705-0160 SN 0963-9969 EI 1873-7145 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 134 AR 109256 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109256 UT WOS:000539366100047 PM 32517948 ER PT J AU Lopes, TR Moura, LB Nascimento, JG Fraga, LS Zolin, CA Duarte, SN Folegatti, MV Santos, ONA AF Lopes, Tarcio Rocha Moura, Larissa Bretas Nascimento, Jessica Garcia Fraga Junior, Luciano Sobral Zolin, Cornelio Alberto Duarte, Sergio Nascimento Folegatti, Marcos Vinicius Almeida Santos, Otavio Neto TI Priority areas for forest restoration aiming at the maintenance of water resources in a basin in the Cerrado/Amazon ecotone, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES AB Mato Grosso is one of the states with the greatest agricultural importance in Brazil and represents one of the main agricultural frontiers in the world. The expansion of these frontiers, along with deforestation, livestock farming and urbanization, leads to a new dynamics with significant environmental impacts on the availability of water resources. In this context, the objective of the study was to evaluate methods of multi-criteria analysis and map priority areas for forest restoration in the Upper Teles Pires basin - Mato Grosso, Brazil, in order to support decision makers and the maintenance of water resources, according to the quantity and quality of water. Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA), with integration of the criteria of proximity to forest, slope, erodibility and proximity to surface water, was used. The criteria maps were aggregated using the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA), with varying risk and tradeoff, and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methods. From the MCA it was possible to successfully identify potential areas for forest restoration for the basin under study. The WLC, OWA2 and OWA6 methods showed a good solution for decision-making as they respectively set 16.38%, 22.73% and 12.79% of the total area of the basin as of very high priority. SN 0895-9811 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 101 AR 102630 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102630 UT WOS:000539370500036 ER PT J AU Valverde-Perez, B Xing, W Zachariae, AA Skadborg, MM Kjeldgaard, AF Palomo, A Smets, BF AF Valverde-Perez, Borja Xing, Wei Zachariae, August A. Skadborg, Monika M. Kjeldgaard, Astrid F. Palomo, Alejandro Smets, Barth F. TI Cultivation of methanotrophic bacteria in a novel bubble-free membrane bioreactor for microbial protein production SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB Microbial protein is proposed as an alternative protein source with low environmental impact. Methane oxidizing bacteria are already produced at commercial scale from natural gas. However, their productivity is limited because of the creation of explosive atmospheres in the fermenters during production. This work demonstrates the applicability of bioreactors with a membrane-based gas supply via diffusion. Methanotrophic bacteria were successfully cultivated, with growth yields from 0.26 to 0.43 g-VSS g-CH4-1, slightly below those observed in analogous fermenters relying on bubbling. However, ammonia yields ranged from 5.2 to 6.9 g-VSS g-NH3-1, indicating higher nitrogen assimilation than in conventional fermenters. Indeed, protein content increased during the operational period reaching up to 51% of dry weight. The amino acid profile included the majority of the essential amino acids, demonstrating suitability as feed ingredient. Never during the operational period was an explosive atmosphere established in the reactor. Thus, bubble-free membrane bioreactors are a promising technology for microbial protein production relying on explosive gas mixtures. SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 310 AR 123388 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123388 UT WOS:000539714500004 PM 32335344 ER PT J AU Alary, V Messad, S Aboul-Naga, A Osman, MA Abdelsabour, TH Salah, AAE Juanes, X AF Alary, Veronique Messad, Samir Aboul-Naga, Adel Osman, Mona A. Abdelsabour, Taha H. Salah, Abdel-Aal E. Juanes, Xavier TI Multi-criteria assessment of the sustainability of farming systems in the reclaimed desert lands of Egypt SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AB On newly cultivated lands in deserts as in the majority of dryland areas, the sustainability of agricultural systems is often debated in terms of socioeconomic viability and agro-ecological longevity. In these contexts, livestock production systems have raised controversial debates regarding their roles and effects in terms of sustainable development. The objective of this paper is to assess the level (and types) of crop-livestock integration in the dryland systems and whether they result in different well-being and improved efficiency of these agroecosystems. Using an empirical study in the newly reclaimed desert lands of the west part of the Nile Delta (Egypt), we proposed an assessment of the sustainability of the family farming systems using two approaches: a) multiple factor analysis and b) multi-criteria assessment. The multi-criteria assessment highlighted how family farm sustainability depends highly on the integration of livestock into the system, with technical or economic efficiency effects. The multiple factor analysis allowed the distinction of two types of farm systems in which livestock activity could be a source in increasing labour productivity or ensuring the viability of the farm in both short and long terms. So, the two approaches brought out the critical role of livestock in the overall efficiency of the system. However, factor analysis highlighted different profiles of integration and diversification based on-farm assets, and the multi-criteria assessment provided a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing aggregated indicators for the development of sustainable farming systems for the end-users. So these two methods may be complementarity to develop and assess the causal processes of a sustainability assessment. SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 183 AR UNSP 102863 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102863 UT WOS:000539094600012 ER PT J AU Hammond, J Rosenblum, N Breseman, D Gorman, L Manners, R van Wijk, MT Sibomana, M Remans, R Vanlauwe, B Schut, M AF Hammond, Jim Rosenblum, Nathaniel Breseman, Dana Gorman, Leo Manners, Rhys van Wijk, Mark T. Sibomana, Milindi Remans, Roseline Vanlauwe, Bernard Schut, Marc TI Towards actionable farm typologies: Scaling adoption of agricultural inputs in Rwanda SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AB Rollout of development interventions using a one-size-fits-all model can achieve economies of scale but neglects to account for variability in farm and farmer characteristics. A data-driven approach to incorporate farmer diversity in scaling strategies may help to achieve greater development impact. However, interpreting the multiplicity of smallholder characteristics is complex, time-consuming, and the ways in which the insights gained can be implemented is poorly understood. Navigating these tensions, we present a farm typology study carried out in collaboration with a large development organisation (the "scaling partner") promoting agricultural inputs in Rwanda. This study was conducted late in the scaling pathway, in order to finesse the scaling strategy, rather than to target intervention selection. Drawing on nearly 3000 interviews from 17 districts of the Western, Southern, and Eastern Provinces of Rwanda, the typology differentiates households along two axes: 1. prosperity (a cornerstone of conventional typologies), and 2. adoption of inputs (fertilisers and improved crop varieties). We used an efficient household survey tool, a minimum-variable approach, and concepts from the study of adoption of agricultural innovations. Through an action-research collaboration with the scaling organisation we adapted the methods and the findings to be "actionable. Approximately two-thirds of the study population were using fertilisers and improved seed to some extent. Along each prosperity stratum, however, there were multiple degrees of adoption, demonstrating the value of including adoption information in typology constructions. Ten farm types were identified, where the key differences along the prosperity axis were land area cultivated and livestock owned, and the key differences along the adoption axis were perceptions of input efficacy, access to training, and education level. We also present a simple decision tree model to assign new households to a farm type. The findings were used in three ways by the scaling organisation: (i) characterisation of the population into discrete groups; (ii) prioritisation, of farm types for engagement, and geographical locations for further investment; and (iii) design of decision support tools or re-design of packages to support technology adoption for specific farm types. The need for field-level validation of the typologies was also stressed by the scaling organisation. SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 183 AR UNSP 102857 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102857 UT WOS:000539094600016 ER PT J AU Taylor, RF McGee, M Kelly, AK Crosson, P AF Taylor, R. F. McGee, M. Kelly, A. K. Crosson, P. TI Bioeconomic and greenhouse gas emissions modelling of the factors influencing technical efficiency of temperate grassland-based suckler calf-to-beef production systems SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AB The objective of this study was to investigate the relative importance of key performance metrics for temperate grassland-based suckler calf-to-beef production systems on farm economics and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The approach was to use data obtained from commercial farms participating in a farm improvement programme to parameterise a whole farm systems bioeconomic model. This model was then used to evaluate the biotechnical, financial and GHG emissions effects of variation in key performance metrics including calving rate, calving date, cow replacement rate, progeny live weight gain and age at slaughter. Age at slaughter and calving rate had the greatest effect on costs of production per kilogram of carcass weight. Calving rate was also the most influential parameter affecting net margin (NM) with a change of 10 percentage units (from 0.75 to 0.85 calves per cow per year) resulting in NM increasing by +(sic)84 per hectare (ha). Age at slaughter had the greatest effect on GHG emissions; increasing slaughter age by eight months, resulted in GHG per farm increasing from 23.5 to 31.6 carbon dioxide equivalents (CO(2)e)/kg carcass. Although, combining high performance levels among all key performance metrics led to the greatest profitability and lowest emissions per kg carcass, the relative effects of individual parameters are not additive. This highlights interdependencies between production parameters for suckler calf-to-beef production systems. SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 183 AR UNSP 102860 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102860 UT WOS:000539094600005 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Chen, SW Lai, FY Liu, SY Xiong, JB Zhou, CF Yi-Yu Huang, HJ AF Wang, Jia-xin Chen, Shuai-wei Lai, Fa-ying Liu, Shi-yu Xiong, Jiang-bo Zhou, Chun-fei Yi-Yu Huang, Hua-jun TI Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of pig feces for the production of hydrochar SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS AB In this study, microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of pig feces is investigated. The yield of hydrochar decreases with increasing reaction temperature/time, while it increases with rising solid-liquid ratio. The addition of CaO raises the yield of hydrochar, while the use of H2SO4 reduces the yield of hydrochar. Under non-catalytic conditions or with CaO as catalyst, most of P and heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni) are retained in hydrochar, while large amounts of K/N are migrated into process water. In the presence of H2SO4, the migration of P and heavy metals (except Cu) into process water is significantly enhanced. Compared to raw pig feces, hydrochars exhibit higher thermal stability and porosity, and contain lower contents of soluble N/P/K nutrients. Direct use/discharge of process water is restricted by its high COD and its high content of nutrients, Zn and Cr. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Huang, Hua-jun/E-4960-2013 OI Huang, Hua-jun/0000-0002-4104-9471 SN 0896-8446 EI 1872-8162 PD AUG 1 PY 2020 VL 162 AR 104858 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104858 UT WOS:000537321200007 ER PT J AU Dey, DK Kang, SC AF Dey, Debasish Kumar Kang, Sun Chul TI Weissella confusa DD_A7 pre-treatment to zebrafish larvae ameliorates the inflammation response against Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AB Increasing multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacterial contamination in the environment has become the leading cause of food poisoning, resulting in life-threatening conditions due to late detection and limited therapeutic options. Escherichia coll. O157:H7 is one such pathogen which is severely affecting the environmental livestock and ultimately leads to human infection. In this context, probiotics could be a useful strategy to minimize the growth of pathogens, as they produce several antimicrobial compounds and shows an exclusive competitive behavior against the pathogens. Therefore, supplementation of probiotics is wieldy accepted in the field of agriculture for the maintenance of animal's health. Previously, we reported that W. confusa DD_A7 possesses anti-bacterial and immune-stimulatory activity in-vitro. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the impact of oral-administration of DD_A7 powder against E. coll. O157:H7. The 6 days post-fertilized zebrafish larvae were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the microbe. 1 x 10(8) CFU/ml of E. coll. O157:H7 effectively induced the inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae. Where 1 x 10(8) CFU/ml DD_A7 pre-treatment prolonged the survivability of zebrafish larvae and improved the immune response of zebrafish larvae against pathogenic infection. The antibacterial property of DD_A7 against the pathogen correlated with the significant reduction of oxidative stress and host inflammatory response, by inhibiting NF-kappa B and its downstream signaling pathway. The findings demonstrated the prophylactic activity of DD_A7 suggesting that its supplementation improved the host defense mechanism by reducing oxidative stress. The growth of pathogen was effectively suppressed in the DD_A7 pre-treated larvae and maintained a healthy gastrointestinal environment in the zebrafish model. SN 0944-5013 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 237 AR 126489 DI 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126489 UT WOS:000537574600010 PM 32464536 ER PT J AU Peng, JJ Zou, Y Li, ZX Liang, QL Song, HY Li, TS Ma, YY Zhu, XQ Zhou, DH AF Peng, Jun-Jie Zou, Yang Li, Zhi-Xin Liang, Qin-Li Song, Hai-Yang Li, Tao-Shan Ma, Yuan-Yuan Zhu, Xing-Quan Zhou, Dong-Hui TI Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Tan sheep (Ovis aries) in northwestern China SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal protozoa, which can cause the occurrence of diarrhea, weight loss, and even death in animals or human, this threatens the husbandry industry and public health. It can infect virtually humans and all domestic animals including sheep. Tan sheep is one of the most important sheep breeds, which is short-tailed indigenous sheep breed used for production of high quality meat and pelts in China. However, there are no report regarding the occurrence and multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis in Tan sheep in northwestern China. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and multilocus genotypes of G. duodenalis in Tan sheep. 1014 fecal samples were collected from Tan sheep from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and three loci (beta-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes) were amplified by nested PCR. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in Tan sheep was 14.5% (147/1014), two assemblages (assemblage A, n = 43; and E, n = 90) were detected, including one novel assemblage A at bg locus, one novel assemblage A at tpi locus, and 10 and 11 novel subtypes of assemblage E were detected at the bg and gdh loci, respectively. One MLGs was formed based on sequence variation among the three loci. Moreover, 9 Tan sheep were infected with two assemblages (A and E) based on the three loci. These findings expand the host range of G. duodenalis and revealed genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages in Tan sheep. SN 1383-5769 EI 1873-0329 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 77 AR 102126 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102126 UT WOS:000537553900007 PM 32334094 ER PT J AU Shirozu, T Badolo, A Soga, A Yoshimura, A Morishita, YK Koketsu, M Shirafuji, RU Inokuma, H Yokoyama, N Fukumoto, S AF Shirozu, Takahiro Badolo, Athanase Soga, Akira Yoshimura, Aya Morishita, Yu-Ki Koketsu, Mami Shirafuji, Rika-Umemiya Inokuma, Hisashi Yokoyama, Naoaki Fukumoto, Shinya TI Development and evaluation of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method targeting Theileria parasites infecting Yezo sika deer SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB The increasing Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) population is creating a large problem. Yezo sika deer are an important blood meal source, and these deer contribute to the maintenance of tick populations. Theileria spp. infections in Yezo sika deer and T. orientalis infections in cows occur at high frequencies, and the same tick species infests both deer and cows. Therefore, a specific detection method to identify deer Theileria spp. is important. In this study, we establish a novel molecular detection method for identifying Theileria spp. from deer and tick samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This method targets a metalloprotease/cell division cycle protein gene homologue. Our LAMP protocol was able to detect deer Theileria and did not show cross reactivity with other closely related protozoan parasites, including T. orientalis. The LAMP method showed sensitivity and specificity equivalent to those of nested PCR performed on the same field samples from deer and ticks. These results demonstrate the applicability of LAMP to field surveys in which the detection of deer Theileria spp. is required. In conclusion, due to its simplicity, specificity, and reliability, we suggest our LAMP protocol as an appropriate method for routine surveys to detect Yezo sika deer and ticks infected with deer Theileria spp. parasites. Additionally, this LAMP method offers great promise as a useful tool to distinguish Yezo sika deer Theileria from related Theileria parasites present in livestock. SN 1383-5769 EI 1873-0329 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 77 AR 102130 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102130 UT WOS:000537553900011 PM 32325118 ER PT J AU Nicaretta, JE dos Santos, JB Couto, LFM Heller, LM Cruvinel, LB de Melo, RD Cavalcante, ASD Zapa, DMB Ferreira, LL Monteiro, CMD Soares, VE Lopes, WDZ AF Nicaretta, Joao Eduardo dos Santos, Jordana Belos Monteiro Couto, Luiz Fellipe Heller, Luciana Maffini Cruvinel, Leonardo Bueno de Melo Junior, Rubens Dias de Assis Cavalcante, Alliny Souza Beltran Zapa, Dina Maria Ferreira, Lorena Lopes de Oliveira Monteiro, Caio Marcio Soares, Vando Edesio Zanetti Lopes, Welber Daniel TI Evaluation of rotational grazing as a control strategy for Rhipicephalus microplus in a tropical region SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE AB Rhipicephalus microplus is the most significant tick of livestock and its control is particularly challenging due to its resistance to commercial acaricides. Pasture rotation is considered a management strategy that could help control R. microplus, however, the literature only contemplates mathematical models and little is known about the effects of this practice in the field. The objective of this work was to determine whether pasture rotation is an efficient method for controlling R. microplus. Two different experiments were performed that involved groups of continuous and rotational grazing bovines. Female ticks measuring 4.5-8.0 mm were counted on animals while larvae in pasture were counted using the flannel drag technique. Treatment for infested bovines was applied when the average group tick count was >= 30 females. The results showed that rotational grazing (with 20-day periods of rest) had a higher tick count on-host than continuous grazing (P < 0.05) and additional bovine treatment was needed. Sixty and 105 days were needed to re-infest and disinfest pasture of R. microplus larvae, respectively. The first treatment of bovines occurred 91 days after the animals were placed in a closed area. The results indicate that rotational grazing is not an efficient way to control R. microplus. SN 0034-5288 EI 1532-2661 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 131 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.006 UT WOS:000537688600014 PM 32325299 ER PT J AU Barron-Bravo, OG Hernandez-Marin, JA Gutierrez-Chavez, AJ Franco-Robles, E Molina-Ochoa, J Cruz-Vazquez, CR Angel-Sahagun, CA AF Barron-Bravo, O. G. Hernandez-Marin, J. A. Gutierrez-Chavez, A. J. Franco-Robles, E. Molina-Ochoa, J. Cruz-Vazquez, C. R. Angel-Sahagun, C. A. TI Susceptibility of entomopathogenic nematodes to ivermectin and thiabendazole SO CHEMOSPHERE AB The objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of entomopathogenic nematodes to ivermectin and thiabendazole. Soil samples collected from the municipalities of Irapuato and LeOn, Guanajuato, Mexico, were obtained, from which the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPHs) of the Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae families were isolated. The samples were classified from livestock and nonlivestock soils, and the susceptibility of EPNIs to anthelmintics was determined with the larval motility assay (LMA, 24 h) and the larval migration inhibition assay (LMI assay, 48 h). Sterile distilled water (T1) and treatments with 1% ivermectin diluted in 5% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) (T2) and 5% thiabendazole diluted in 5% DMSO (T3) were applied to infective juvenile larvae. Analysis of variance was performed with a factorial design and Tukey's test at 0.05 probability. In addition, different concentrations of ivermectin (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.2, 1.5, and 2 mu g) and thiabendazole (1, 5, 10, 12, 15, and 20 mg) were evaluated to perform a Probit analysis to determine their LC50. All strains of EPNIs were susceptible to ivermectin in both the LMA and LMI assay. The results show that EPNIs are susceptible to ivermectin and thiabendazole, and the degree depends on the type of test performed, the chemical product used, and the origin of the strain of EPN. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Hernandez-Marin, Jose Antonio/0000-0002-0255-0722 SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 253 AR 126658 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126658 UT WOS:000536175700040 PM 32259680 ER PT J AU Tan, YQ Li, Q Wang, L Chiu-Leung, LC Leung, LK AF Tan, Yan Qin Li, Qing Wang, Lin Chiu-Leung, Leo C. Leung, Lai K. TI The livestock growth-promoter zeranol facilitates GLUT4 translocation in 3T3 L1 adipocytes SO CHEMOSPHERE AB Zeranol is an approved but controversial growth-promoting agent for livestock in North America. It is a mycotoxin metabolite secreted by the Fusarium family fungi. The regulatory bodies in this region have established the acceptable daily intake and exposure below the level would not significantly increase the health risk for humans. However, their European counterparts have yet to establish an acceptable level and do not permit the use of this agent in farm animals. Given the growth-promoting ability of zeranol, its effect on energy metabolism was investigated in the current study. Our results indicated that zeranol could induce glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression in 3T3 L1 cells at 10 mu M and initiate the translocation of the glucose transporter to the membrane as assayed by confocal microscopy. The translocation was likely triggered by the increase of GLUT4 and p-Akt. The insulin signal transduction pathway of glucose translocation was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Since no increase in the phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate in zeranol-treated cells was evidenced, the increased p-Akt and GLUT4 amount should be the mechanism dictating the GLUT4 translocation. In summary, this study showed that zeranol could perturb glucose metabolism in differentiated 3T3 L1 adipocytes. Determining the growth-promoting mechanism is crucial to uncover an accepted alternative to the general public. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 253 AR 126772 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126772 UT WOS:000536175700118 PM 32464760 ER PT J AU Xu, DM Pan, H Yao, JC Feng, YX Wu, PP Shao, K AF Xu, Dongmei Pan, Hua Yao, Jiachao Feng, Yixuan Wu, Panpan Shao, Kai TI Stress responses and biological residues of sulfanilamide antibiotics in Arabidopsis thaliana SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AB Sulfonamides (SAs) are antibiotics widely used in clinical practice, livestock and poultry production, and the aquaculture industry. The compounds enter the soil environment largely through livestock and poultry manure application to farmland. SAs not only affect plant growth, but also pose a potential threat to human health through SA residues in plant tissues. In particular, sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) has been classified as a Category 3 carcinogen by the World Health Organization, and thus its soil ecological toxicity and possible health risks are of concern. Using A. thaliana as a model plant, stress responses and biological residues of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfametoxydiazine (SMD), and SMZ were investigated in the present study. Root length and aboveground plant biomass were significantly inhibited by the three types of SA, whereas lateral roots exposed to SMD grew vigorously. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and photosystem II maximum photochemical quantum yield declined with increase in drug concentration, which indicated that exposure to SAs affected photosynthesis and inhibited chlorophyll synthesis in A. thaliana. With increase in drug concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the leaves increased significantly. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were activated at low SA concentrations, but increased lipid peroxidation occurred with increase in SA concentration. Of the three compounds, SMZ was the most toxic to A. thaliana, followed by SD, and SMD was the least toxic. The results indicated that the risk of SMD entering an organism through the food chain is greater than that for SMZ and SD. SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 199 AR 110727 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110727 UT WOS:000536056600012 PM 32446101 ER PT J AU Roobavannan, M Kandasamy, J Pande, S Vigneswaran, S Sivapalan, M AF Roobavannan, M. Kandasamy, J. Pande, S. Vigneswaran, S. Sivapalan, M. TI Sustainability of agricultural basin development under uncertain future climate and economic conditions: A socio-hydrological analysis SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AB A socio-hydrological model is used to forecast future conditions in a river basin arising from changes in climate and the economy in order to learn about macroeconomic conditions that would yield pathways for sustainable development and how they may be affected by changes in climate and the economy. The study uses a system dynamics model with endogenous social values and preferences and exogenous climate and economic drivers. Basin scale sustainability is defined as a function of economic growth, provision of environmental services and equality within the basin. The analysis reveals that a diversified basin economy is important to achieve sustainable development. Under current climate conditions, a higher level of diversification in the basin's economy increases sustainability. Higher current capital growth rates, e.g., > 2% of the current rate, would also lead to more sustainable development of a kind that is less affected by the availability of water and robust to vagaries of climate change. The results suggest that policy-makers and resource managers should focus on measures to diversify the economy when it is thriving, but also consider the capacity of society to adapt to unpredictable shocks to the system. OI Pande, Saket/0000-0003-3061-3185 SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 174 AR 106665 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106665 UT WOS:000535905400009 ER PT J AU Sims, C Aadland, D Finnoff, D Hochard, J AF Sims, Charles Aadland, David Finnoff, David Hochard, Jacob TI What are the benefits of delisting endangered species and who receives them?: Lessons from the gray wolf recovery in Greater Yellowstone SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AB This paper uses a spatial predator-prey model to provide insights into the complex and politically charged management of species recently removed from the federal endangered species list. The model is motivated by the recently delisted gray wolf with spatiotemporal dynamics between elk, wolves, hunters, cattle ranchers, and the tourism industry in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. State wildlife managers set hunting rates for elk and wolves to maximize the discounted net benefits from tourism, hunting, cattle grazing, and non-use values that accrue to the area while ensuring a minimum viable wolf population meant to prevent extinction. We show that the cost of wolf conservation paid by residents and visitors to the area falls substantially after delisting. These costs savings arise by taking advantage of differences in habitats and economies across the region resulting in an unequal spatial distribution of wolves and of wolf hunting opportunities. The cost savings from delisting are reduced when a more even distribution of wolves and hunting opportunity is achieved, highlighting a bioeconomic equity-efficiency tradeoff. Finally, we show that current livestock compensation programs cannot decrease the discrepancy between state and federal management following delisting but propose a federally-funded alternative that can. SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 174 AR 106656 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106656 UT WOS:000535905400003 ER PT J AU Zheng, JR Wang, SF Zhou, AJ Zhao, BW Dong, J Zhao, XC Li, PR Yue, XP AF Zheng, Jierong Wang, Sufang Zhou, Aijuan Zhao, Bowei Dong, Jing Zhao, Xiaochan Li, Peirui Yue, Xiuping TI Efficient elimination of sulfadiazine in an anaerobic denitrifying circumstance: Biodegradation characteristics, biotoxicity removal and microbial community analysis SO CHEMOSPHERE AB Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is widely used in clinical treatment, livestock husbandry and aquaculture as an antibacterial agent, resulting in environmental risks. In this work, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of SDZ biodegradation and reaction mechanisms in a nitrate anaerobic denitrifying system for the first time. The results showed that 98.52% of the SDZ, which had an initial concentration of 50 mg L-1, was degraded after 70 h, indicating that the removal efficiency of SDZ in anaerobic denitrifying system was 55.27% higher than that in anaerobic system. Furthermore, LC-MS-MS analysis confirmed that SDZ could be degraded into 16 byproducts via 3 main degradation pathways that contained 6 different reactions. After analyzing the microbial communities of the reactor, the denitrifying bacteria and desulfurizing bacteria Desulforhabdus, Ignavibacterium, SBR1031_norank, Nocardioides, etc. were highly associated with the removal of SDZ in the system. The biological toxicity test of the effluent indicated that the remaining organic matter and inorganic matter of the effluent could provide nutrients for E. coli and promote its growth. In other words, anaerobic denitrifying systems are highly efficient, simple and environmentally friendly, and have an impressive prospect in the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 252 AR 126472 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126472 UT WOS:000534377000113 PM 32200179 ER PT J AU Cherenet, E Abiyu, A Getnet, A Sisay, K Dejene, T AF Cherenet, Elias Abiyu, Abrham Getnet, Ambachew Sisay, Kibruyesfa Dejene, Tatek TI Tapping height and season affect frankincense yield and wound recovery of Boswellia papyrifera trees SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst is a threatened tropical dryland tree species. It is the source of frankincense, valued for its industrial, religious and traditional uses. This tree species is reported as under threat due to mortality from wound and inappropriate frankincense harvesting techniques. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in the lowlands of North Western Gonder Zone, Ethiopia. The first experiment aimed to understand the effect of tapping height and tree size on wound recovery and frankincense yield and the second experiment dealt with understanding the effect of tapping schedule on survival and frankincense yield of different tree diameter sizes. Larger trees tapped at 1 m above the ground had the fastest wound recovery and highest frankincense yield. Higher tree survival was observed when tapping and resting schedule was alternated over years. However, mortality was higher when trees were tapped in consecutive years, without a resting year. The mean frankincense yield was 78 and 535 g/tree/year for small and large trees, respectively. Our result suggested that tree size, tapping height and resting time all have a significant effect on frankincense yield and wound recovery. Alternate year tapping of larger trees, with resting every three years, and avoiding tapping small trees are recommended for best wound recovery, survival, and to ensure sustainable production of frankincense. SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD AUG PY 2020 VL 179 AR 104176 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104176 UT WOS:000533505000010 ER PT J AU Wang, XB Liu, WX Li, ZG Teng, Y Christie, P Luo, YM AF Wang, Xiaobing Liu, Wuxing Li, Zhengao Teng, Ying Christie, Peter Luo, Yongming TI Effects of long-term fertilizer applications on peanut yield and quality and plant and soil heavy metal accumulation SO PEDOSPHERE AB The status of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in soils and crops can be affected by long-term fertilization practices. This study aimed to investigate changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and kernel quality, and changes in copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in soil and peanut kernels after 16 years of continuous cropping with different fertilization treatments. Five fertilization treatments were applied at a red soil site in Southeast China: chemical fertilizer (F) containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, F + trace elements (FT), pig manure (M), M effective microorganisms (MB), and MB + trace elements (MBT). Properties of soil and pig manure, heavy metal contents in soil and peanut kernels, and the compositions of amino and fatty acids in kernels were determined. Application of pig manure significantly increased peanut biomass, kernel yield, and crude protein and total amino acid contents in kernels, but led to higher amounts of Cu, Zn, and Cd in soil and higher amounts of Zn and Cd in peanut kernels compared with that of chemical fertilizer. There should be greater concern about potential kernel Cd and Zn contaminations resulting from long-term application of pig manure contaminated with potentially toxic metals as an organic fertilizer. RI Christie, Peter/B-7919-2008 OI Christie, Peter/0000-0002-1939-7277 SN 1002-0160 EI 2210-5107 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 30 IS 4 BP 555 EP 562 DI 10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60457-0 UT WOS:000532816900013 ER PT J AU Amini, R Ebrahimi, A Nasab, ADM AF Amini, Rouhollah Ebrahimi, Atefeh Nasab, Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi TI Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) essential oil content and composition as affected by sustainable weed management treatments SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS AB In sustainable production of medicinal and aromatic plants, reduction in herbicide application rate and using straw mulch could be used as strategies for integrated weed management. The field study was carried out to evaluate the effects of herbicides reduced rate integrated with straw mulch on sustainable weed management, essential oil (EO) content and composition of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The experiment was done in Agricultural Research Station of University of Tabriz, Iran, from April 2016 to July 2017. The treatments were consisted of two herbicide rates including recommended rate (R) and reduced rate (50 % R) of trifluralin and pendimethalin, integration of all herbicide treatments with mulch application (5 t ha(-1)) and mulch application alone. The effect of weed management treatment was significant on weed density and biomass and Moldavian balm dry weight and EO yield. Among the weed management treatments, the lowest weed biomass (17.1 g m(-2)) and the highest EO yield (22.51 kg ha(-1)) were observed in trifluralin R + mulch (FR + M) treatment. Integration of all herbicide treatments with straw mulch reduced the weed density and biomass and increased the Moldavian balm dry weight and EO yield, significantly. Generally the weed control efficacy of trifluralin was higher than that of pendimethalin. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis showed that the main constitutes of EO were geraniol, geranial, geranyl acetate, neral, nerol and neryl acetate. The contents of main components were influenced by weed management treatments, differently. The highest content of geraniol (41.4 %) and geranial (24.7 %) were obtained in TR + M and pendimethalin R + mulch (PR + M) treatments, respectively. Integration of all herbicide treatments with straw mulch increased the geraniol content and reduced the geranyl acetate content in EO. The weed density and biomass and Moldavian balm EO yield in trifluralin 50 % R + mulch (T5OR + M) treatment were not significantly different with those in trifluralin R (FR). Therefore TR treatment could be replaced with T5OR + M and recommended to medicinal plants growers as a more sustainable weed management method in Moldavian balm production. SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X PD AUG PY 2020 VL 150 AR 112416 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112416 UT WOS:000530684700035 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zhou, X Wu, HG Yu, ZZ Li, H Yang, S AF Li, Yan Zhou, Xiang Wu, Hongguo Yu, Zhaozhuo Li, Hu Yang, Song TI Nanospheric heterogeneous acid-enabled direct upgrading of biomass feedstocks to novel benzimidazoles with potent antibacterial activities SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS AB Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising candidate for sustainable production of transportation fuels and valueadded chemicals, due to its abundant and low-cost features. Benzimidazoles are prevalent in medicinal chemistry, with remarkable pharmacological and biological activities. In the present study, a facile and benign protocol of high efficiency was developed for one-step production of various benzimidazoles from bio-based aldehydes and hemicellulosic feedstocks in the presence of a heterogeneous pyridine-phosphotungstate (PY-PW) catalyst simply prepared by a room-temperature assembly method. Using water as a solvent without any oxidant, the PY-PW nanospheric catalyst is applicable to a wide range of o-phenylenediamines and bio-based aldehydes for selective synthesis of 1,2-substituted benzimidazoles in good yields (up to 92 %) at 100 degrees C for 1 h in a single pot via an unconventional conversion route, and could be recycled for at least 5 times with almost no decline in reactivity. Moreover, some of the sustainably synthesized benzimidazoles were examined to possess good antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo, and can be considered as potential antibacterial agents. RI Yang, Song/H-2765-2013 OI Yang, Song/0000-0003-1301-3030 SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X PD AUG PY 2020 VL 150 AR 112406 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112406 UT WOS:000530684700038 ER PT J AU Waseem, M Mahmood, T Hussain, A Hamid, A Akrim, F Andleeb, S Fatima, H AF Waseem, Muhammad Mahmood, Tariq Hussain, Abid Hamid, Abdul Akrim, Faraz Andleeb, Shaista Fatima, Hira TI Ecology and Human Conflict of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger) in Mansehra District, Pakistan SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY AB The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger) inhabits deciduous, broad-leaved forests, thorn brush forests, and coniferous forests, occurring from 1500 up to 4,000 m above sea level. The species, in many areas of its range, is in conflict with humans, however, data on its population and economic losses are scanty in the country. We investigated its occurrence, population and human conflict in Mansehra District during 2016-2017. A total of 66 indirect signs of Asiatic black bear were recorded with an altitudinal variation of habitat ranging from 1511m to 2570m elevation including 17 dens and 44 scats of the bear from 10 different sampling sites. The sign density of black bear ranged between 17/km(2 )(Paris MRF site) and 1.2/km(2) (Sharan site). Sign density was high in habitats having thick, dense and broad-leaved forest with steep slopes having the water resource/s. Sightings of the bear were the highest in the month of July (32%), and the least from November 2016 to March 2017. A total of 74 livestock were killed (in previous five years span) by Asiatic black bear including goats (75%), sheep (14%), and cows (11%), amounting to economic loss of 15,240 US$. Moreover, 16,420 kg maize was damaged by Asiatic black bear having a worth of 3284 US$. SN 0030-9923 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1443 EP 1451 DI 10.17582/journal.pjz/20180209100205 UT WOS:000531029600026 ER PT J AU Ullah, N Rehman, AU Khan, A Noushin, R Khan, SN Anjum, SI Afzal, S Naseem, A Javed, K Rauf, U Ullah, K AF Ullah, Naseeb Rehman, Assad Ur Khan, Aamir Noushin, Rabia Khan, Shahid Naiz Anjum, Syed Ishtiaq Afzal, Sajida Naseem, Asma Javed, Kenza Rauf, Ujala Ullah, Kalim TI Epidemiological Study of Foot and Mouth Disease in Livestock of District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious viral disease of cloven-footed animals. It is widespread in Pakistan with huge economic losses. The chief objective of the study was to estimate the sero-prevalence of FMD in livestock in district Lakki Marwat, southern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. 376 blood samples were randomly collected from livestock (large and small ruminants) from December 2017 to April 2018 to examine the prevalence of FMD. The current study indicated that overall FMD in Livestock was 14.31% with 16.37% in small ruminants and 12% in large ruminants. A significant difference in sero-positivity was observed in small, young and adult of both small and large ruminants. The sero-positivity was highest in adult animals (20.33% in small ruminants and 13.63% in large ruminants) followed by young animals (15.45% small ruminants and 12.5% large ruminants). FMD viral activity both in small and large ruminants were high in the month of December (20% small ruminants and 16% large ruminants) followed by January, February, March, April and May. The Seroprevalence of FMD was significantly lower in both small and large ruminants having good health status (16.35% in small and 10% in large ruminants) while high in those having weak health status (17.91% in small and 15.7% in large ruminants). The higher sero-prevalence of disease has substantial economic implications which signify the need for devising effective control measures. SN 0030-9923 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1599 EP 1601 DI 10.17582/journal.pjz/20181211201237 UT WOS:000531029600045 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, J Perez, B Nebot, C Falque, E Simal-Gandara, J AF Rodriguez, Jessica Perez, Benita Nebot, Carolina Falque, Elena Simal-Gandara, Jesus TI Food production link to underground waters quality in A Limia river basin SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Water pollution is a global challenge, undermining economic growth as well as the physical and environmental health of billions of people. With the exception of polar caps, the world's largest freshwater reserve is found underground, but human activities such as agricultural, livestock, urban or industrial can affect its quality. The aim of this work was to carry out a study on the chemical quality of groundwater in the region of A Limia (NW Spain) and to evaluate its possible degradation by anthropogenic influence. Water samples were taken from 76 private wells and 26 natural sources in the region. The presence and levels of anions were analyzed by ion chromatography, whereas trace metals were measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). More than half of the wells analyzed and three natural sources showed nitrate contamination and some samples exceeded the limit allowed by legislation for other elements and compounds. It could be inferred that this surface aquifer contamination could be attributed to intensive agriculture and livestock farming. RI Simal-Gandara, Jesus/A-9533-2009; Nebot, Carolina/L-9008-2014; Falque Lopez, Elena/L-7209-2014 OI Simal-Gandara, Jesus/0000-0001-9215-9737; Nebot, Carolina/0000-0002-2141-3002; Falque Lopez, Elena/0000-0003-4944-1264 SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD AUG 1 PY 2020 VL 297 AR UNSP 106969 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106969 UT WOS:000530645900005 ER PT J AU Xie, D Zhuo, L Xie, PX Liu, YL Feng, BB Wu, PT AF Xie, Dong Zhuo, La Xie, Pengxuan Liu, Yilin Feng, Bianbian Wu, Pute TI Spatiotemporal variations and developments of water footprints of pig feeding and pork production in China (2004-2013) SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB The production of nutrient-rich livestock products consumes large volumes of water while polluting aquatic systems; however, there has been little quantitative research globally on the spatiotemporal evolution of both water consumption and water pollution (based on the water footprint [WF]) for livestock products at an intra-national scale. Here we quantified the annual green, blue, and gray WFs for pig feeding and pork production, as the most important animal product in China, at the province scale in mainland China over 2004-2013, and distinguished four farming scales: scatter-feed, small-scale, medium-scale, and large-scale. The gray WF estimation is more comprehensive that pollutants in pig excreta is considered. Over the study period, the average unit consumptive (green-blue) and degradative (gray) WF of pig was 349 m(3) head(-1) and 206 m(3) head(-1), respectively. The average total consumptive and degradative WF of pig was 225.8 Gm(3) year(-1) and 133.2 Gm(3) year(-1), respectively, in China. Over time, the consumptive WFs of pig and pork increased (unit WF of pig: 8%; total WF of pig: 25 %; total WF of pork: 8%). The unit and annual gray WFs of pig increased 1% and 14 %, respectively, while the gray WF of pork remained unchanged. Spatially, there was a southward shift in provinces with large WFs over the study period. Overall, the green WF comprised a small proportion of the total WF than the blue WF. Regarding farming scales, scatter-feed systems had larger unit WFs of pigs and pork, whereas large-scale systems had the smallest unit WFs. These findings suggest that establishment of pig farms in mountainous regions far from residential areas, wider adoption of large-scale production, local cultivation of feed crops with lower WF near pig farms, and use of pig excreta as crop fertilizer would be the most conducive to water saving and quality control in China. RI Zhuo, La/C-7157-2018 OI Zhuo, La/0000-0001-5797-4410 SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD AUG 1 PY 2020 VL 297 AR UNSP 106932 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106932 UT WOS:000530645900008 ER PT J AU do Carmo, CS Silventoinen, P Nordgard, CT Poudroux, C Dessev, T Zobel, H Holtekjolen, AK Draget, KI Holopainen-Mantila, U Knutsen, SH Sahlstrom, S AF do Carmo, Catia Saldanha Silventoinen, Pia Nordgard, Catherine Taylor Poudroux, Claire Dessev, Tzvetelin Zobel, Hanne Holtekjolen, Ann Katrin Draget, Kurt Ingar Holopainen-Mantila, Ulla Knutsen, Svein Halvor Sahlstrom, Stefan TI Is dehulling of peas and faba beans necessary prior to dry fractionation for the production of protein- and starch-rich fractions? Impact on physical properties, chemical composition and techno-functional properties SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING AB Dehulling of peas and faba beans prior to milling and air classification was evaluated, namely its impact on physical properties, chemical composition and techno-functional properties of the fractions. Dry fractionation protocols for protein enrichment from whole and dehulled peas and faba beans were optimized and large-scale batches were produced. Fine fractions with protein contents of 44.0 and 46.2% dm from whole and dehulled peas and between 60.0 and 60.9% dm from whole and dehulled faba beans were obtained, respectively. A maximum protein recovery of 71.3% and 49.2% was obtained for peas and faba beans, respectively. Dehulling enabled a lighter colour of faba bean fractions and improved the starch enrichment in the coarse fractions from peas and faba beans. The total non-starch polysaccharides were significantly reduced in the coarse fractions when dehulling was conducted. Dehulling did not significantly improve the techno-functional properties of fine and coarse fractions. RI Saldanha do Carmo, Catia/J-7254-2017 OI Saldanha do Carmo, Catia/0000-0002-0003-8055 SN 0260-8774 EI 1873-5770 PD AUG PY 2020 VL 278 AR 109937 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.109937 UT WOS:000524365300013 ER PT J AU ul Hassan, SW Sadef, Y Hussain, S Asi, MR Ashraf, MY Anwar, S Malik, A AF ul Hassan, Syed Wajih Sadef, Yumna Hussain, Shabbir Asi, Muhammad Rafique Ashraf, Muhammad Yasin Anwar, Sumera Malik, Arif TI Unusual pattern of aflatoxins and ochratoxin in commercially grown maize varieties of Pakistan SO TOXICON AB The contamination of food with mycotoxins could be a major health risk. Identification and quantification of mycotoxins in maize are essentially required to guarantee food safety. Seven commonly grown maize cultivars were sown at semi-arid conditions in Pakistan. After harvesting plants, total aflatoxin (AFs), aflatoxins B-1 (AFB(1)), B-2 (AFB(2)), G(1) (AFG(1)), G(2) (AFG(2)), and ochratoxin-A (OTA) contents were determined in maize flour using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed an unusual pattern of AFs in maize with a higher concentration of AFG(1) in all maize varieties. The AFB(1) was not found in most of the samples, however, all maize grains contained AFs above the maximum tolerable limit (20 mu g/kg). The highest concentration of AFs was recorded in Ayub-1/26 maize (362.8 mu g/kg). Ochratoxin-A (OTA) was detected in 71% maize samples ranged from 2.14 to 214 mu g/kg. The highest OTA and microbial load were recorded in Ayub-2/27 grains that exceeded the FDA limit (50 mu g/kg). These results indicated the higher prevalence of total AFs, AFG1, and OTA at the harvest stage of maize that could pose significant health hazards to humans and livestock. SN 0041-0101 PD JUL 30 PY 2020 VL 182 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.008 UT WOS:000539161100009 PM 32439496 ER PT J AU Bortolini, S Macavei, LI Saadoun, JH Foca, G Ulrici, A Bernini, F Malferrari, D Setti, L Ronga, D Maistrello, L AF Bortolini, Sara Macavei, Laura Ioana Saadoun, Jasmine Hadj Foca, Giorgia Ulrici, Alessandro Bernini, Fabrizio Malferrari, Daniele Setti, Leonardo Ronga, Domenico Maistrello, Lara TI Hermetia illucens (L.) larvae as chicken manure management tool for circular economy SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB The increased request for poultry meat and eggs of a rising human population requires more efficient and cleaner methods to manage increasing quantities of chicken manure. The black soldier fly Hermetia illucens is known as an efficient bio-converter of organic waste in proteins and fats, with the advantage that the larval frass is supposed to have compost-like properties. In the view to identify the operating conditions for the sustainable management and valorization of livestock waste at a pre-industrial scale, this study is aimed at: i) optimizing the growth of H. illucens on a mixture of chicken manure, chabazite and water; ii) assessing the soil amendment properties of the larval frass obtained from the optimized mixture. Preliminary trials allowed defining the basic rearing conditions in terms of temperature and substrate components. A mixture design based on a special cubic model allowed identifying the best mixture for H. illucens larvae growth, which consists in 34.5% chicken manure, 58.3% water and 7.2% coarse chabazite. This mix led to about 86% of alive prepupae weighting 90 mg on average, and to a reduction of the initial substrate amount by more than 75%. The larval frass obtained from this mixture showed soil improver properties, suggesting its use to supply the common peat based growing media for potted baby-leaf lettuce production. Overall, H. illucens larvae have proved to be a useful tool to favor a more sustainable management of chicken manure by strongly reducing its amount and closing its recovery cycle obtaining high value products for agricultural purposes. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. RI Ulrici, Alessandro/D-4397-2009 OI Ulrici, Alessandro/0000-0002-6010-6400; Hadj Saadoun, Jasmine/0000-0003-3308-2949 SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUL 20 PY 2020 VL 262 AR 121289 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121289 UT WOS:000537160000014 ER PT J AU Sentandreu, E Stinco, CM Vicario, IM Mapelli-Brahm, P Navarro, JL Melendez-Martinez, J AF Sentandreu, Enrique Stinco, Carla M. Vicario, Isabel M. Mapelli-Brahm, Paula Navarro, Jose L. Antonio J. Melendez-Martinez TI High-pressure homogenization as compared to pasteurization as a sustainable approach to obtain mandarin juices with improved bioaccessibility of carotenoids and flavonoids SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB High-pressure technologies are among those with increased interest in the sustainable production of quality-enhanced food products. In this work, Ortanique mandarin juices have been submitted to traditional pasteurization conditions (time/temperature of 65 degrees C/15 s, 85 degrees C/15 s and 92 degrees C/30 s) and energy-saving high-pressure homogenization (HPH, 150 MPa) treatments to compare the effects on the physicochemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and flavonoids. In general, physicochemical attributes of the homogenized sample were similar to those found in fresh juice, with similar ascorbic acid content and cloudiness but with significant colour differences in all cases. The bioaccessibility of total carotenoids was similar in fresh and pasteurized juices in contrast to the HPH sample that exhibited a five-fold increase, which suggests a positive effect of particle size reduction to favour the action of digestive enzymes. A clear increase in the levels of epoxycarotenoids was detected in the micellar fractions of digested HPH juices, although such carotenoids are not detected in human fluids or tissues. Regarding the bioaccessibility of flavonoids, no significant differences were found in the samples studied. Results obtained can help the implementation of HPH processing to obtain natural beverages with enhanced nutritional properties. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUL 20 PY 2020 VL 262 AR 121325 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121325 UT WOS:000536876500016 ER PT J AU Manzo, LM Grech, MG Epele, LB Kutschker, AM Miserendino, ML AF Manzo, L. M. Grech, M. G. Epele, L. B. Kutschker, A. M. Miserendino, M. L. TI Macrophyte regional patterns, metrics assessment and ecological integrity of isolated ponds at Austral Patagonia (Argentina) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Anthropogenic and natural changes are threatening pond ecological integrity in Patagonia and tools for bioassessment are required. Macrophytes are good candidates to determine the conservation status of ponds; nevertheless, metric selection procedures should be founded on an adequate knowledge of plant ecological responses. We assessed the main environmental constraints driving variation in macrophyte assemblages, and trophic status at 29 ponds located at the continental and insular Patagonia region. We screened 20 potential macrophyte metrics as indicators of pond condition that included origin (native, endemic, exotic), lifeforms (annual/biannual, perennial), functional groups (submersed, emergent, floating-leaved, landforms), and community attributes. A set of 106 taxa were recorded, and richness per site (10 species) was unexpectedly high for a cold temperate area, reinforcing the value of isolated ponds as habitat for macrophytes in the Patagonian landscape. Natives dominated most assemblages; exotics were present at 24 ponds, contributing with high cover (>45%) at 15% of them. Macrophyte assemblages were driven by natural factors over anthropogenic ones, with temperature, rainfall, pH, conductivity and nutrients explaining most variation in patterns. However, pond eutrophication symptoms (high phosphorous concentration and chlorophyll a) were associated with extensive cattle grazing (manure and trampling) and urbanization (runoff). Generalized linear models captured natural variables (temperature, alkalinity) as most powerful explaining richness measures. Models also indicated that both richness of emergent and endemics were negatively affected by total phosphorous increases. Land cover factors: grasses/herbaceous, mallin and trees (%) in 100 m buffer around ponds appeared as additional ecological drivers of macrophyte patterns, particularly of submersed (>50%) and native richness (36%). Natural and anthropogenic gradients were overlapped, making it difficult to generalize our conclusions. Further studies are needed to test the performance of the macrophyte metrics selected here, which are a vital tool for the conservation of the most austral ponds in South America. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 20 PY 2020 VL 727 AR 138617 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138617 UT WOS:000537410700005 PM 32325315 ER PT J AU Dabkiene, V Balezentis, T Streimikiene, D AF Dabkiene, Vida Balezentis, Tomas Streimikiene, Dalia TI Calculation of the carbon footprint for family farms using the Farm Accountancy Data Network: A case from Lithuania SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB This study appraises the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Lithuanian family farms based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines using Lithuanian emission factors from Lithuania's National Inventory report (LNIR). Family farm activity data are derived from Lithuanian sample of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2016. The GHG emission profile for Lithuanian family farms includes the estimates for methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation of domestic livestock population, CH4 from manure management, direct and indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure management, direct and indirect N2O emissions from managed soils, and carbon dioxide (CO2) from combustion of fuel. In Lithuanian family farms, on average, the key source categories of on-farms emissions were CH4 from enteric fermentation and N2O direct emissions from agricultural soils, as they together constituted 69.3% of the total emissions. The environmental pressures related to family farming were measured in terms of the Carbon Footprint (CF), which refers to the total amount of GHG produced by farming activities, and Carbon Intensity (CI) using a range of metrics including CI per land area, total output and Livestock Unit (LU). In 2016, CF stood at the average value of 57.8 t CO(2)eq farm(-1), CI per UAA - 1.5 t CO(2)eq ha(-1), CI per total output - 2.7 kg CO(2)eq EUR-1 and per LU - 6.0 t CO(2)eq LU-1. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUL 20 PY 2020 VL 262 AR 121509 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121509 UT WOS:000536875800027 ER PT J AU Peng, WT Lopez-Carr, D Wu, CZ Wang, X Longcore, T AF Peng, Wanting Lopez-Carr, David Wu, Chengzhao Wang, Xin Longcore, Travis TI What factors in fluence the willingness of protected area communities to relocate? China's ecological relocation policy for Dashanbao Protected Area SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Resettlement of local people from protected areas (PAs) has been regarded as a preferred method to alleviate human disturbance and environmental pressure. Lack of knowledge about local communities' perceptions of resettlement, however, can lead to failed relocation projects and negative impacts on environmental sustainability and livelihoods. To better understand local communities' perception of relocation in PAs, we examine factors that affect local communities' willingness to relocate in Dashanbao Protected Area (DPA), an important location for conservation of the rare Black-necked Crane and the subject of a large-scale relocation policy in China. We surveyed 512 households in DPA and used multiple logistic regression to identify which factors predict local communities' willingness to relocate. Then, we examined how local communities' opinions of different payment for environmental services programs (PES) impacted their willingness to relocate. The results indicated that participation in a PES programfor wetland conservation significantly decreaseswillingness, while distance fromscenic spots and roads increases willingness. Furthermore, participants in the PES program for wetlands had a greater positive perception of the benefits from the DPA. Concern about a sustainable livelihood and loss of a sense of belonging represent the twomain categories or 'clusters' of reasons explaining unwillingness to relocate. Our results suggest that prior experience with PES programs influences attitudes about relocation, and that integrating the perception of local communities into policy is important to the success of conservation programs relying on relocation. Managers and decision-makers could usefully consider the coupled relationships between sustainable livelihood strategies such as PES, attitudes toward relocation, and conservation benefits when working with communities in PAs toward enhanced livelihoods and conservation. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Peng, Wanting/0000-0002-5119-4461; Longcore, Travis/0000-0002-1039-2613 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 20 PY 2020 VL 727 AR 138364 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138364 UT WOS:000537412300007 PM 32334205 ER PT J AU Castro, M Ameray, A Castro, JP AF Castro, Marina Ameray, Abderrahmane Castro, Joao Paulo TI A new approach to quantify grazing pressure under mediterranean pastoral systems using GIS and remote sensing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING AB Pastoral systems based on grazing itineraries are very common along the Mediterranean region and provide an opportunity to manage the fuel load and reduce fire risk in the ecosystem. Daily and seasonal movements of flocks bring on different grazing pressure (GP) (sheep ha(-1)) over the landscape. This study presents an approach to model sheep GP under a Mediterranean pastoral system in the Northeast of Portugal. The GP in a given location depends on the distance from the stable to the parish border, the distance to the stable, the heads of livestock and their preference for land use and cover (LUC). The geoprocessing we applied in this study integrated several spatial databases: the latest official Portuguese vector mapping of land use and cover (COS2015) and administrative boundaries (CAOP2018), the livestock stables location, and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Images. During the geoprocessing, the stocking density (SD) (sheep ha(-1)) were calculated and spatially interpolated. Homogeneous LUC units (permanent crops; annual crops; forest; shrubland; grassland; water bodies) were obtained by Random Forest supervised classification algorithm (kappa = 89.3%; global accuracy = 91.2%). Boolean overlapping of the LUC classes obtained by the supervised classifier with the mask created from COS2015 provides the potentially grazed LUC classes. Integrating LUC preferences with SD allows calculating and mapping the GP. The most common GP class is 0-0.25 sheep ha(-1). Seeing the GP per LUC class, a value of 1.84 sheep ha(-1) was found in permanent crops, 1.73 in annual crops, and 1.25 in grassland, 0.88 in grazed forests and 0.84 in shrublands. The GP modelling and mapping could assist in the implementation of herding programmes aimed at reducing fire hazards at a parish or at a regional scale. RI Miranda de Castro, Joao Paulo/A-8581-2014 OI Miranda de Castro, Joao Paulo/0000-0003-0647-8892; Abderrahmane, AMERAY/0000-0002-1958-4590 SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 PD JUL 17 PY 2020 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5371 EP 5387 DI 10.1080/01431161.2020.1731930 UT WOS:000526461100001 ER PT J AU Cao, JJ Yang, K Yu, H Long, XM Li, YJ Sun, ZL Liu, ZY AF Cao, Jun-Jie Yang, Kun Yu, Hui Long, Xue-Ming Li, Yu-Juan Sun, Zhi-Liang Liu, Zhao-Ying TI Comparative toxicokinetic profiles of multiple-components of Gelsemium elegans in pigs and rats after a single oral administration SO TOXICON AB Gelsemium elegans Benth (G. elegans) is highly toxic to humans and rats, but has insecticides and growth promoting effects on pigs and goats. G. elegans is widely used in livestock, but its in vivo dynamics are entirely unknown. Hence, we investigated the toxicokinetic profiles of G. elegans alkaloids after a single oral dose of G. elegans to pigs (1.0 g/kg) and rats (0.1 g/kg). The results indicated that rats were more susceptible to the toxicity of G. elegans than pigs. The toxicokinetic parameters of 22 and 6 components were obtained in pigs and rats, respectively. The components included 9 and 5 gelsedine-type alkaloids in pigs and rats, respectively. The T-max results of the 5 gelsedine-type alkaloids indicated that these alkaloids were rapidly absorbed in pigs and rats. The T-1/2 values of the 5 gelsedine-type alkaloids indicated that the elimination rates of these alkaloids in pigs were slower than those in rats. In addition, the C-max and AUC results indicated that the degrees of absorption and exposure of most alkaloids in pigs were higher than those in rats except GS-2. However, the C-max value of GS2 (11-methoxy-14-hydroxygelsenicine) in rats was greater than that of pigs, and the C-max value of 14-hydroxygelsenicine in pigs was merely greater than 3 times that of rats. The present results suggested that the cause of the toxicological differences species of G. elegans might be related to the degrees of absorption and exposure of gelsedine-type alkaloids, especially for the 14-hydroxygelsenicine and GS-2 in different animals. SN 0041-0101 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 181 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.003 UT WOS:000539161000005 PM 32335100 ER PT J AU Ansari, A Pena-Bahamonde, J Fanourakis, SK Hu, YD Rodrigues, DF AF Ansari, Ali Pena-Bahamonde, Janire Fanourakis, Sofia K. Hu, Yandi Rodrigues, Debora F. TI Microbially-induced mineral scaling in desalination conditions: Mechanisms and effects of commercial antiscalants SO WATER RESEARCH AB Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is promising in the sustainable production of fresh water. However, expansion of RO use has been hindered by membrane fouling, mainly inorganic fouling known as scaling. Although membrane mineral scaling by chemical means have been investigated extensively, mineral scaling triggered by microbial activity has been largely neglected. In this study, the simultaneous biomineralization of CaCO3 and CaSO4 in the presence of three different microbial communities from fresh water, wastewater, and seawater was investigated. In the presence of either 13 or 79 mM of Ca2+ and SO42- in the media, the fresh water microbial community produced calcite/vaterite and vaterite/gypsum, respectively; the wastewater community produced vaterite and vaterite/gypsum, respectively; and the seawater community produced aragonite in both conditions. The results showed that the concentration of salts and the microbial composition influence the types of precipitates produced. The mechanisms of crystal formation of CaCO3 and gypsum by these communities were also investigated by determining the need for metabolic active cells, the effect of a calcium channel blocker, and the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The results showed that metabolically active cells can lead to production of EPS and formation of Ca2+ gradient along the cells through calcium channels, which will trigger formation of biominerals. The prevention of biomineralization by these consortia was also investigated with two common polymeric RO antiscalants, i.e. polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polymaleic acid (PMA). Results showed that these antiscalants do not prevent the formation of the bio-precipitates suggesting that novel approaches to prevent biomineralization in RO systems still needs to be investigated. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0043-1354 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 179 AR 115863 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115863 UT WOS:000537695500007 PM 32402860 ER PT J AU Adelana, SM Heaven, MW Dresel, PE Giri, K Holmberg, M Croatto, G Webb, J AF Adelana, S. Michael Heaven, Michael W. Dresel, P. Evan Giri, Khageswor Holmberg, Mark Croatto, George Webb, John TI Controls on species distribution and biogeochemical cycling in nitrate-contaminated groundwater and surface water, southeastern Australia SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB A detailed study of groundwater and surface water nitrate over four seasons across an area of varied landuse provided insights into the mechanisms that underlie accumulation and transport of nitrate. High nitrate concentrations found in a significant percentage of surface water and shallow groundwater samples are due to anthropogenic contamination. Statistics (PCA, ANOVA, parsimonious model and general linear regression) were used to explore the relationship between NO3- and land use, and confirmed that areas of high NO3- concentration are associated with dairy pasture and horticulture. Seasonally, NO3- levels are greater during winter, the wettest part of the year. Values of delta N-15 showed that most nitrate is sourced from livestock waste, with a smaller contribution from synthetic fertilizer. Direct wash-off of animal waste from dairy farms results in higher NO3- concentrations in surface water than in groundwater. Denitrification is an important NO3- attenuation mechanism which reduces NO3- to NH4, as demonstrated by the PCA analysis, which showed positive correlation of NO3- concentrations with dissolved oxygen and negative correlations with NH4+, Fe-2(+) and Mn2+; the latter two species may act as the electron donors necessary for reduction of NO3-. The often high NO3- concentrations in shallow groundwater are decreased by denitrification, which can occur at relatively shallow depths (<3 m). The relatively small NO3- concentrations in deeper groundwater are due partly to denitrification, but more to originally lower NO3- concentrations, as the age of deeper groundwater shows that it was recharged before agriculture was established in the study area. Overall, the study demonstrates the usefulness of hydrogeochemical characterisation and multivariate statistics in the evaluation of impacts of agricultural land-use on regional N cycling. In particular, the results show that efforts to mitigate NO3- pollution from farms should concentrate more on wash-off of animal waste than the contribution of nitrogenous synthetic fertilizer. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Adelana, Segun Michael/0000-0002-3696-7227 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 726 AR 138426 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138426 UT WOS:000537422600007 PM 32320873 ER PT J AU Beni, NN Snow, DD Berry, ED Mittelstet, AR Messer, TL Bartelt-Hunt, S AF Beni, Nasrin Naderi Snow, Daniel D. Berry, Elaine D. Mittelstet, Aaron R. Messer, Tiffany L. Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon TI Measuring the occurrence of antibiotics in surface water adjacent to cattle grazing areas using passive samplers SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB A wide variety of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are used in livestock production systems and residues passed to the environment, often unmetabolized, after use and excretion. Antibiotic residues may be transported from manure-treated soils via runoff and are also capable of reaching surface and groundwater systems through a variety of pathways. The occurrence and persistence of antibiotics in the environment is a concern due to the potential for ecological effects and proliferation of environmental antibiotic resistance in pathogenic organisms. In the present study, the occurrence and seasonal variation of 24 commonly-used veterinary antibiotics was evaluated in surface water adjacent to several livestock production systems using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS). Uptake rates for all compounds, nine of which have not been previously reported, were measured in the laboratory to permit estimation of changes in the time-weighted average (TWA) antibiotic concentrations during exposure. The antibiotics detected in POCIS extracts included sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfamerazine, sulfadiazine, lincomycin, erythromycin, erythromycin anhydro- and monensin. The maximum TWA concentration belonged to sulfadiazine (25 ng/L) in the August-September sampling period and coincided with the highest number of precipitation events. With the exception of monensin that showed an increase in concentration over the stream path, none of the detected antibiotics were prescribed to livestock at the facility. The detection of antibiotics not prescribed by the facility may be attributable to the environmental persistence of previously used antibiotics, transfer by wind from other nearby livestock production sites or industrial uses, and/or the natural production of some antibiotics. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 726 AR 138296 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138296 UT WOS:000537423900005 PM 32481204 ER PT J AU MacDonald, A Bartels, SF Macdonald, SE Pigeon, KE MacNearney, D Finnegan, L AF MacDonald, Amanda Bartels, Samuel F. Macdonald, S. Ellen Pigeon, Karine E. MacNearney, Doug Finnegan, Laura TI Wildlife forage cover and composition on pipeline corridors in Alberta: Implications for wildlife conservation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB The construction of pipeline rights-of-way (ROWs, hereafter 'pipeline') involves mechanical site clearing, which impacts soil and ground cover vegetation and has implications for forage availability and predation risk for threatened wildlife, including woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos). However, there has been no quantitative evaluation of vegetation communities on open pipelines as compared to the adjacent intact forest. We compared the cover of ground vegetation by vegetation type, and the cover and composition for plant taxa known for their importance as woodland caribou and grizzly bear forage, between plots located on pipeline corridors, near the edge of the pipeline corridor, and in the adjacent undisturbed forest across six different boreal forest ecosite types in west-central and north-western Alberta, Canada. Pipeline corridors were characterized by higher total ground vegetation cover, and cover of low shrubs, lichens, bryophyte and of targeted forage species of low shrubs, bryophytes, and lichens. In contrast, pipelines had higher graminoid cover and cover of target forage species of tall shrubs and graminoids, as compared to adjacent forest. Despite the substantive differences in cover and composition of ground vegetation among the ecosite types, differences between pipelines and the adjacent forest were quite consistent, with a few exceptions. For instance, forb cover was higher in the adjacent forest compared with pipelines in shrubby ecosite types, but was similar across plot locations in other ecosites. Species composition also varied among ecosites and differed between the adjacent forest and on pipelines; with pipelines dominated by graminoids, particularly Carex species. Our results demonstrate that pipelines influence ground vegetation communities, and cover and composition of wildlife forage species, across the boreal forest landscapes of Alberta; we suggest this results in pipelines being a potential ecological sink for wildlife populations, including threatened caribou. To ensure pipelines can recover, restoration strategies that promote natural recovery or purposeful re-planting may be required to accelerate forest re-establishment and put inactive pipeline corridors within caribou ranges on a recovery trajectory. Our results suggest that ecosites can be used to prioritize pipelines where restoration or management actions may be the most beneficial. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 468 AR 118189 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118189 UT WOS:000533503100026 ER PT J AU Bieluczyk, W Piccolo, MD Pereira, MG de Moraes, MT Soltangheisi, A Bernardi, ACD Pezzopane, JRM Oliveira, PPA Moreira, MZ de Camargo, PB Dias, CTD Batista, I Cherubin, MR AF Bieluczyk, Wanderlei Piccolo, Marisa de Cassia Pereira, Marcos Gervasio de Moraes, Moacir Tuzzin Soltangheisi, Amin de Campos Bernardi, Alberto Carlos Macedo Pezzopane, Jose Ricardo Anchao Oliveira, Patricia Perondi Moreira, Marcelo Zacharias de Camargo, Plinio Barbosa dos Santos Dias, Carlos Tadeu Batista, Itaynara Cherubin, Mauricio Roberto TI Integrated farming systems influence soil organic matter dynamics in southeastern Brazil SO GEODERMA AB Integrated farming systems are sustainable strategies to intensify land productivity by combining annual crop, livestock and/or forestry activities in different spatio-temporal arrangements. Therefore, they may help tackle global food and energy insecurity and climate change in the coming decades. We investigated the effects of integrated crop-livestock (ICL) and integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems on quantity, quality, and origin of soil organic matter (SOM) in southeastern Brazil. A native forest and an extensive low-grazing intensity pasture system were used as references. In integrated systems, corn (Zea mays) was alternated with two consecutive years of piata grass (Urochloa bryzantha) for cattle grazing. In ICLF, eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus zrograndis) were planted in simple rows of 15 x 2 m. Soil sampling was performed three times; in 2014, after two years of grazing; in 2015, after crop cultivation; and in 2016, after a successive grazing year, to evaluate chemical and physical composition changes of organic matter (C, N, delta C-13, delta N-15, and organic matter fractions) with time. Our findings showed that from 2010 to 2016, all systems (extensive grazing, ICL and ICLF) promoted increments on soil C and N stocks. However, land intensification converting extensive low-grazing intensity pasture to ICL was the most promising strategy, increasing soil C stocks at the rate of 0.28 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) from 2010 to 2016. Annual crop cultivation (corn intercropped with piata grass) promoted high organic matter inputs on the soil, increasing the amount of soil labile organic matter fractions, which presented higher delta C-13 and lower delta N-15 values over time. SOM in the integrated farming systems was originated mainly from C-4 plants. Therefore, optimizing development of piata grass and corn increases organic residue inputs and then, soil C and N stocks. In addition, the crop period increased soil fertility parameters, which favors plant growth, thus providing high labile C inputs to the soil. In contrast, land intensification by adding the forestry component into the system (i.e., conversion from ICL to ICLF) reduced soil C (-0.22 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1)) and N (-0.03 Mg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) stocks from 2010 to 2016, likely due to the reduction of C and N inputs to the soil caused by limited growth of annual crop and grass species under tree shades. In conclusion, land use intensification through ICL system contributes towards a more efficient and low-C agriculture, whereas the studied ICLF system did not bring further benefits to increase the quantity and/or quality of SOM. RI ; Soltangheisi, Amin/G-3418-2016 OI Barbosa de Camargo, Plinio/0000-0002-0696-3778; Soltangheisi, Amin/0000-0002-6766-5379; Cherubin, Mauricio Roberto/0000-0001-7920-8362 SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 371 AR 114368 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114368 UT WOS:000533627500003 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Liu, QQ Kang, J Zhang, Y Quan, FS AF Wang, Yufei Liu, Qingqing Kang, Jian Zhang, Yong Quan, Fusheng TI Overexpression of PGC7 in donor cells maintains the DNA methylation status of imprinted genes in goat embryos derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer technology SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB Abnormal methylation of imprinted genes is commonly observed in the embryos cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedure and is one of the primary reasons for their abnormal development and high mortality. Primordial germ cell 7 (PGC7), a developmentally regulated gene highly expressed in primordial germ cells, maintains the methylation level of imprinted genes by reducing the levels of 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine(5hmC) and increasing the levels of 5-methylcytosine(5 mC) during embryonic development. In this study, we explored the methylation status of H19 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the organs of SCNT-cloned goat fetuses. Our results showed abnormal methylation patterns of the imprinted genes in the lungs and placenta of dead cloned goat fetuses than those in normal goat fetuses. The Igf2r DMRs were hypomethylated in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and placenta of dead cloned goat fetuses compared with normal goat fetuses (P < 0.05). In addition, imprinted gene Igf2r DMRs were hypomethylated in the early-stage SCNT embryos than the IVF embryos. In contrast, imprinted gene Xist DMRs were hypermethylated in SCNT embryos than the IVF embryos. Significantly, the use of PGC7 overexpressing donor cells corrected the abnormal methylation of imprinted genes Igf2r and Xist in SCNT embryos (P < 0.05). Our results suggested that PGC7 plays a vital role in maintaining the methylation of imprinted genes during goat early embryonic development. Moreover, PGC7 overexpression in donor cells may reduce the developmental abnormalities associated with the SCNT embryos, while significantly enhancing both the pregnancy and kids born rates (P < 0.05) thereby increasing SCNT efficiency in livestock. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 151 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.013 UT WOS:000534461300011 PM 32344274 ER PT J AU Wang, XZ Zhao, MJ Liu, B Zou, CQ Sun, YX Wu, G Zhang, Q Jin, GQ Jin, ZH Chadwick, D Chen, XP AF Wang, Xiaozhong Zhao, Mingjiong Liu, Bin Zou, Chunqin Sun, Yixiang Wu, Gang Zhang, Qian Jin, Guoqing Jin, Zhenghui Chadwick, Dave Chen, Xinping TI Integrated systematic approach increase greenhouse tomato yield and reduce environmental losses SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB High input - high output greenhouse vegetable systems are responsible for nutrient surpluses and environmental losses. Integrated strategies that improve soil, crop and nutrient management are needed to ensure more sustainable production systems. We conducted a two-year field experiment to evaluate the potential of integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM) practices to improve the productivity and environmental outcomes from an intensive greenhouse tomato production system in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Four treatments were tested: i) farmers' practice (FP); ii) soil remediation (SR), where lime nitrogen with compost addition was the only management strategy; iii) a treatment that combined soil remediation with optimized crop planting density (SRCO), which increased planting density for improving crop yield; and iv) integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM), as a systematic integrated approach, which included the combined optimization of soil remediation, crop optimization, and nutrient management. In the integrated soil-crop system management treatment, nutrient management was optimized through adoption of the most appropriate type (formula) of fertilizer for the crop, rate and application timing of synthetic fertilizer, and by substituting poultry manure with compost. Our results indicated that the fruit yield of the integrated soil-crop system management treatment was 104 t ha(-1), 13.4%-37.3% higher than that of the other three treatments. The mean reactive nitrogen loss (81.1 kg N ha(-1)) and the greenhouse gas emissions (6495 kg CO2-eq ha(-1)) in the farmers' practice treatment were much higher than in the other three treatments (reactive nitrogen loss: 47.9-54.3 kg N ha(-1); and greenhouse gas emissions: 4926-5468 kg CO2-eq ha(-1), respectively). The mean nitrogen and carbon footprints of the integrated soil-crop system management treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments, as a result of both the lower fertilizer nitrogen use and the greater yield. This study indicates that integrated soil-crop system management could produce greater yields and increase net profit with reduced nitrogen inputs, whilst reducing the environmental cost associated with conventional farmers' practice in plastic-greenhouse vegetable production systems. SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 266 AR 110569 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110569 UT WOS:000531083400019 PM 32310118 ER PT J AU Tang, P Liu, BC Zhang, YL Chang, HQ Zhou, P Feng, MB Sharma, VK AF Tang, Peng Liu, Baicang Zhang, Yongli Chang, Haiqing Zhou, Peng Feng, Mingbao Sharma, Virender K. TI Sustainable reuse of shale gas wastewater by pre-ozonation with ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL AB Membrane-based processes are increasingly applied in shale gas flowback and produced water (SGFPW) reuse. However, severe membrane fouling remains a big challenge for maintaining long-term operation. The present paper investigates for the first time the performance of the integrated ozonation-ultrafiltration (UF)-reverse osmosis (RO) process to treat SGFPW for water reuse. Results showed that pre-ozonation could efficiently mitigate membrane fouling. The integrated process removed more than 98% of total dissolved solids (TDS), 96% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and 96% of all ionic constituents in SGFPW. Significantly, the effluent could meet the water quality standards of irrigation, livestock water, and surface discharge. Removal of targeted pollutants is negatively influenced by the high concentrations of chloride and bromide because of their high reactivity with ozone and hydroxyl radicals (HO). Through pre-ozonation, the total fouling index and the hydraulically irreversible fouling index decreased by more than 85% and 47%, respectively. The variation of particle sizes in SGFPW by pre-ozonation manifested the mechanism of OF membrane fouling mitigation, i.e., the pre-ozonation decomposed macromolecular organics into low fractions. The optimal ozone flow rate is 0.4 L/ min. Results demonstrated that a sustainable SGFPW reuse could be achieved by the current integrated process. RI Liu, Baicang/V-6193-2017 OI Liu, Baicang/0000-0003-3219-1924; Chang, Haiqing/0000-0002-8986-6817 SN 1385-8947 EI 1873-3212 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 392 AR 123743 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123743 UT WOS:000525862500101 ER PT J AU Ano, Y Li, JY Jomoto, T Kurihara, D Nishimura, R Nakayama, H Kuwahara, M AF Ano, Yasuhisa Li, Jun You Jomoto, Takahiro Kurihara, Daiji Nishimura, Ryohei Nakayama, Hiroyuki Kuwahara, Masayoshi TI Distillation remnants of shochu, a traditional Japanese liquor, improve pork meat quality by reducing stress SO FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Distillation remnants of Shochu, a traditional Japanese liquorare fed to livestock, but their effects on livestock health have not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of these remnants on pig stress and pork quality (N = 6/group). The remnants reduced plasma cortisol (17.94 +/- 0.92 [control] and 10.59 +/- 1.28 [sample]) and increased salivary IgA (6.06 +/- 2.21 [control] and 21.60 +/- 5.37 [sample]). Blind sensory assessments showed that, in remnant-fed pork, sirloin tenderness (3.18 +/- 0.19 [control] and 4.27 +/- 0.38 [sample]) and the juiciness, umami, and fat tastiness of fillets were improved. Oleic acid percentages were higher (35.23 +/- 0.65 [control] and 37.87 +/- 0.60 [sample]) in remnant-fed pork, contributing to a favorable sensory evaluation. Two-group comparisons were analyzed by student's t test. p < 0.05. This study promotes the reutilization of remnants to reduce livestock stress and improve meat quality. OI Ano, Yasuhisa/0000-0001-5957-8710 SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 PD JUL 15 PY 2020 VL 318 AR 126488 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126488 UT WOS:000520858000018 PM 32151924 ER PT J AU Dhewantara, PW Zhang, WY Al Mamun, A Yin, WW Ding, F Guo, DH Hu, WB Magalhaes, RJS AF Dhewantara, Pandji Wibawa Zhang, Wenyi Al Mamun, Abdullah Yin, Wen-Wu Ding, Fan Guo, Danhuai Hu, Wenbiao Magalhaes, Ricardo J. Soares TI Spatial distribution of leptospirosis incidence in the Upper Yangtze and Pearl River Basin, China: Tools to support intervention and elimination SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Background: Since 2011 human leptospirosis incidence in China has remained steadily low with persistent pockets of notifications reported in communities within the Upper Yangtze River Basin (UYRB) and Pearl River Basin (PRB). To help guide health authorities within these residual areas to identify communities where interventions should be targeted, this study quantified the local effect of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the spatial distribution of leptospirosis incidence and developed predictive maps of leptospirosis incidence for UYRB and PRB. Methods: Data on all human leptospirosis cases reported during 2005-2016 across the UYRB and PRB regions were geolocated at the county-level and included in the analysis. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with zero-inflated Poisson link for leptospirosis incidence were developed after adjustment of environmental and socioeconomic factors such as precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), land surface temperature (LST), elevation, slope, land cover, crop production, livestock density, gross domestic product and population density. Results: The relationship of environmental and socioeconomic variables with human leptospirosis incidence varied between both regions. While across UYRB incidence of human leptospirosis was associatedwithMNDWI and elevation, in PRB human leptospirosis incidence was significantly associated with NDVI, livestock density and land cover. Precipitation was significantly and positively associatedwith the spatial variation of incidence of leptospirosis in both regions. After accounting for the effect of environmental and socioeconomic factors, the predicted distribution of residual high-incidence county is potentially more widespread both in the UYRB and PRB compared to the observed distribution. In the UYRB, the highest predicted incidence was found along the border of Chongqing and Guizhou towards Sichuan basin and northwest Yunnan. The highest predicted incidence was also identified in counties in the central and lower reaches of the PRB. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant geographical heterogeneity in leptospirosis incidence within UYRB and PRB, providing an evidence base for prioritising targeted interventions in counties identified with the highest predicted incidence. Furthermore, environmental drivers of leptospirosis incidence were highly specific to each of the regions, emphasizing the importance of localized control measures. The findings also suggested the need to expand interventional coverage and to support surveillance and diagnostic capacity on the predicted high-risk areas. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Dhewantara, Pandji Wibawa/O-7852-2015; Mamun, Abdullah/A-4673-2011 OI Dhewantara, Pandji Wibawa/0000-0002-9461-0648; Mamun, Abdullah/0000-0002-1535-8086 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 10 PY 2020 VL 725 AR 138251 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138251 UT WOS:000537430200013 PM 32298905 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Liu, SW Li, SZ Hu, JB Tang, MY Sun, YQ AF Ma, Qiao Liu, Shengwei Li, Shuzhen Hu, Jiabao Tang, Minyi Sun, Yeqing TI Removal of malodorant skatole by two enriched microbial consortia: Performance, dynamic, function prediction and bacteria isolation SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Malodor emission has become one of the major challenges in animal husbandry. Skatole, one of the most offensive odorous compounds, can cause several diseases to organisms and is resistant to biodegradation. However, the microbial community information for skatole degradation has yet to be reported. In this study, the aerobic sequencing batch reactors with two different inocula were constructed. Both Group N (sample from cattle house) and Group E (sample from goose house) could efficiently degrade skatole after 70 days operation under conditions of pH 7.0-9.0 and temperature 20-40 degrees C. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the a-diversity in Group Nwas higher than that in Group E, while neither of them changed during the whole operation process. Bacterial community structures in both groups shifted. Generally, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium remarkably reduced, while Arthrobacter became the dominant population. Function prediction results indicated that the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism category was significantly up-regulated in Group E but remained unchanged in Group N. On the other hand, culture-dependent technique was applied and ten bacteriawere obtained fromthe sludges. Two strains belonged to Rhodococcus, a minor genus in the communities, were firstly proven to harbor excellent skatole-degrading capacity. This study proved that skatole could be effectively removed by activated sludges, and the non-core bacteria Rhodococcus would be functionally important in the degradation process. These findings provide new insights into our understanding of skatole biotransformation process, and offer valuable bacterial resources for bioremediation application. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Ma, Qiao/0000-0003-0614-2192 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 10 PY 2020 VL 725 AR 138416 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138416 UT WOS:000537429000001 PM 32302841 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Zhang, XY Ma, YF Hou, Y AF Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Xiaoying Ma, Yifei Hou, Yong TI Mitigation potential for carbon and nitrogen emissions in pig production systems: lessons from the North China Plain SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB China produces approximately half of the world's pork at a high environmental cost. Implementing mitigation measures requires a better understanding of pig farming systems that are often diverse in practice. Nutrient uses and losses can be largely altered due to these variations but have not, however, been fully evaluated; moreover, attention is rarely paid to pollution swapping. Our study evaluated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) flows among pig farms on the North China Plain using the mass flow approach. The impacts of advanced mitigation measures on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and on C and N emissions were further analyzed via scenario analyses. The results showed that large variations among farms were observed by comparing the best-performing farms ("top 20%") with the "other" farms; the comparisons showed 31.3 vs. 21.3% for the system NUE, 3.0 vs. 5.7 kg N.100 kg liveweight gain (LWG)(-1) for manure N losses, and 108.1 vs. 146.4 kg CO2-eg.100 kg LWG(-1) for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, respectively. Lower system NUE was caused by lower NUEs of pigs, followed by high N emissions from manure and excessive manure application. Scenario analyses indicated that the total N loss of systems can be mitigated by 10-13% through dietary manipulation and by 26%, 27%, and 13% by low-emission storage, biogas production with improved storage, and balanced fertilization, respectively. Anaerobic digestion was solely effective for GHG mitigation (46% reduction), but no impacts were observed for all other low-NH3 measures. Combining mitigation measures simultaneously decreased total N and GHG losses by 56% and 54%, respectively, and increased the system NUEs by 89%. The wide variations among farms suggest largely attainable improvements in productivity and nutrient use by closing the management gaps related to these factors. Proper combinations of advanced measures are further needed to achieve more effective mitigation goals for multiple pollutants. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 10 PY 2020 VL 725 AR 138482 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138482 UT WOS:000537428300015 PM 32304969 ER PT J AU Atinkut, HB Yan, TW Arega, Y Raza, MH AF Atinkut, Haimanot B. Yan, Tingwu Arega, Yibeltal Raza, Muhammad Haseeb TI Farmers' willingness-to-pay for eco-friendly agricultural waste management in Ethiopia: A contingent valuation SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB The abundance of agricultural waste (AW) production following rapid population growth and resource constraints has created an urgent need for sustainable agricultural waste management (AWM) for the welfare of rural society. In Ethiopia, open burning of biomass is common practice after harvest and in household cooking, and smoke and improperly discarded AW are also major problems. However, compared with municipal waste management, AWM is poorly addressed. In this study, we seek to assess the current AWM status, farmers' willingness to pay (WTP), and the factors affecting WTP for eco-friendly AWM in the Mirab Gojjam, Amhara region of Ethiopia, which has not been studied previously. Data were collected through a contingent valuation survey of 353 randomly selected farmers in early spring 2018 (February-April). We offered labour days and money as a payment vehicle. The mean annual WTP is 6.84 labour days (eq 273.50 Birr) and 8.20 Birr in monetary value, respectively. The strongly significant WTP factors are age, education, family size, source of income, land, livestock, and perception. The Tobit results indicate that the bid value in labour days, environmental perception, government subsidy, farm shortage, economic conditions, living in harmony with nature, and knowledge of AW strongly influenced the degree of farmers' amount to pay. The results are thus useful for understanding farmers' attitudes towards rural environment quality and WTP for eco-friendly AWM, as well as the need for private and public instruments in AW for developing policies and to turn waste into a resource. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUL 10 PY 2020 VL 261 AR 121211 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121211 UT WOS:000533539100011 ER PT J AU Yang, SP Li, YS De Boevre, M De Saeger, S Zhou, JH Li, Y Zhang, HY Sun, FF AF Yang, Shupeng Li, Yanshen De Boevre, Marthe De Saeger, Sarah Zhou, Jinhui Li, Yi Zhang, Huiyan Sun, Feifei TI Toxicokinetics of alpha-zearalenol and its masked form in rats and the comparative biotransformation in liver microsomes from different livestock and humans SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AB Alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEL) and its masked form alpha-zearalenol-14 glucoside (alpha-ZEL-14G) have much higher oestrogenic activity than zearalenone. Owing to very limited toxicokinetic and metabolic data, no reference points could be established for risk assessment. To circumvent it, the toxicokinetic, metabolic profiles, and phenotyping of alpha-ZEL and alpha-ZEL-14G were comprehensively investigated in this study. As a result, the plasma concentrations of alpha-ZEL and alpha-ZEL-14G were all below LOQ after oral administration, while after iv injection, both could be significantly bio-transformed into various metabolites. A complete hydrolysis of alpha-ZEL-14G contributed to alpha-ZEL overall toxicity. Additionally, 31 phase I and 10 phase II metabolites of alpha-ZEL, and 9 phase I and 5 phase II metabolites were identified for alpha-ZEL-14G. For alpha-ZEL, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways, while for alpha-ZEL-14G, it was deglycosylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. Significant metabolic differences were observed for alpha-ZEL and alpha-ZEL-14G in the liver microsomes of rats, chickens, swine, goats, cows and humans. Phenotyping studies indicated that alpha-ZEL and alpha-ZEL-14G were mediated by CYP 3A4, 2C8, and 1A2. Moreover, the deglycosylation of alpha-ZEL-14G was critically mediated by CES-I and CES-II. The acquired data would provide fundamental perspectives for risk evaluation of mycotoxins and their modified forms. SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 PD JUL 5 PY 2020 VL 393 AR 121403 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121403 UT WOS:000532829200003 PM 32143155 ER PT J AU Zhu, SY Xu, J Cheng, Z Kuang, YS Wu, QQ Wang, B Gao, WH Zeng, JS Li, J Chen, KF AF Zhu, Shiyun Xu, Jun Cheng, Zheng Kuang, Yishan Wu, Qiqi Wang, Bin Gao, Wenhua Zeng, Jinsong Li, Jun Chen, Kefu TI Catalytic transformation of cellulose into short rod-like cellulose nanofibers and platform chemicals over lignin-based solid acid SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL AB Robust environmental regulations are driving the chemical industries to develop low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient solid acid catalysts for catalytic transformation of cellulose into high-value products. In our work, lignin separated from enzymatic hydrolyzed residues was used as the carbon source to synthesize lignin-based solid acid (LC-SO3H) via facile carbonization-sulfonation process. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and platform chemicals (mainly glucose and formic acid) were efficiently transformed from cellulose through LC-SO3H catalytic hydrolysis pretreatment combined with microfluidization. Short rod-like CNFs were obtained with large crystallinity index of 82 % and small aspect ratio of 10-28. Furthermore, LC-SO3H can be recycled and reused. After five successive cycles, the yield of CNFs, glucose, and formic acid reached up to 90.8 %, 3.9 %, and 2.1 %, respectively. This work provides a novel, low-cost, and environmental benign approach to prepare CNFs and platform chemicals, and it holds great potential for green and sustainable production of high value-added biomass products. SN 0926-3373 EI 1873-3883 PD JUL 5 PY 2020 VL 268 AR 118732 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118732 UT WOS:000521513300025 ER PT J AU Liu, K Jin, Y Zhang, FY Zhang, YZ Quan, XQ Han, QD Liu, LX Liu, YG Lv, SJ Qu, XM AF Liu, Ke Jin, Ying Zhang, Feng-Yan Zhang, Yan-Zhen Quan, Xian-Qing Han, Qing-Dian Liu, Ling-Xiao Liu, Yun-Guo Lv, Shen-Jin Qu, Xiao-Ming TI The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Yimeng black goat (Capra hircus) and its potential application in mutton discrimination SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES AB Yimeng black goat is one of the national breeds of geographical indication in China and is one of the key protected local livestock and poultry breeds of Shandong province. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Yimeng black goat was investigated in this study (GenBank accession no. MT134111). The mitogenome (16,640 bp) consisted of a non-coding control region (D-loop region), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence and the neighbour-joining tree of the Yimeng black goat would contribute to further study in genetic mechanism and phylogenomic research of goats. EI 2380-2359 PD JUL 2 PY 2020 VL 5 IS 3 BP 2303 EP 2305 DI 10.1080/23802359.2020.1773337 UT WOS:000539734500001 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Ghosh, AK Pal, P AF Kumar, Ramesh Ghosh, Alak Kumar Pal, Parimal TI Sustainable Production of Biofuels through Membrane-Integrated Systems SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS AB Literature on biodiesel production over the last 10 years (2007-2018) has been critically reviewed directing further research toward membrane-based sustainable and green production. The manuscript discusses how biodiesel production strategies have evolved in the recent years through adoption of better feedstock, better catalysts, more efficient reactor technology, and through incorporation of more efficient downstream separation-purification techniques. The review reveals that though transesterification reaction between alcohol and plant oil/animal fats leading to production of biodiesel is simple, the downstream separation and purification of the final product (fatty acid methyl esters) is quite challenging. This review shows that productivity can be enhanced through new generation catalysts, use of green solvents, and a more efficient reactor technology while the use of tailor-made membrane in appropriate modules holds the promise of low-cost and eco-friendly downstream purification. It is exposed that a membrane-based technology can bring about high degree of process intensification, whereas recovery and reuse of catalysts and alcohol are likely to add to the economy of the process, resulting in sustainable production technology. SN 1542-2119 EI 1542-2127 PD JUL 2 PY 2020 VL 49 IS 3 BP 207 EP 228 DI 10.1080/15422119.2018.1562942 UT WOS:000537910300002 ER PT J AU Perez-Ruiz, M Tarrat-Martin, D Sanchez-Guerrero, MJ Valera, M AF Perez-Ruiz, M. Tarrat-Martin, D. Sanchez-Guerrero, M. J. Valera, M. TI Advances in horse morphometric measurements using LiDAR SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB Zoometric measurements have a potential value in differentialing between individuals and within populations. The measurement of body size in horses and livestock plays a significant role in functional longevity, production, and reproductive performance and health. In this context, the measurements obtained without contact by detection systems and visualized by computers could represent a great advance over conventional measurements that are tedious, time consuming and stressful for the animals. This study presents a new approach to taking zoometric measurements of an animal's body based on digital three-dimensional modelling. The capture of the data series was carried out by a LiDAR sensor. The 16 laser beams of the sensor were able to fully scan a horse, performing a 3D reconstruction of the horse's side, through which body measurements were obtained. Five Pura Raza Espanola horses (PRE) (3 stallions and 2 mares) with ages ranging between 5 and 18 years old were scanned. The PRE is the most recognized native Spanish horse population for its census (national and international), cultural and socioeconomic importance. For each horse, 17 zoometric measurements (linear and angular) were taken both manually and using the LiDAR-based system to check the usefullness of this non-invasive technology in obtaining quick livestock measurements while causing minimal stress to the animals. Of the 17 zoometric measurements obtained manually and with the sensor, 10 (58.82%) had a mean relative error that ranged between > 0 and < 10; 5 (29.41%) had an error that ranged >= 10 and < 20; and two (As and ACr) had an error >= 20 (11.76%). A total of 82.5% of the traits studied had an accuracy (v(2)) lower than 5%. Therefore, although this approach could still be improved, it verifies the viability of noncontact measurements of large livestock. SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 174 AR 105510 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105510 UT WOS:000540218000049 ER PT J AU Riekert, M Klein, A Adrion, F Hoffmann, C Gallmann, E AF Riekert, Martin Klein, Achim Adrion, Felix Hoffmann, Christa Gallmann, Eva TI Automatically detecting pig position and posture by 2D camera imaging and deep learning SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB Prior livestock research provides evidence for the importance of accurate detection of pig positions and postures for better understanding animal welfare. Position and posture detection can be accomplished by machine vision systems. However, current machine vision systems require rigid setups of fixed vertical lighting, vertical top-view camera perspectives or complex camera systems, which hinder their adoption in practice. Moreover, existing detection systems focus on specific pen contexts and may be difficult to apply in other livestock facilities. Our main contribution is twofold: First, we design a deep learning system for position and posture detection that only requires standard 2D camera imaging with no adaptations to the application setting. This deep learning system applies the state-of-the-art Faster R-CNN object detection pipeline and the state-of-the-art Neural Architecture Search (NAS) base network for feature extraction. Second, we provide a labelled open access dataset with 7277 human-made annotations from 21 standard 2D cameras, covering 31 different one-hour long video recordings and 18 different pens to train and test the approach under realistic conditions. On unseen pens under similar experimental conditions with sufficient similar training images of pig fattening, the deep learning system detects pig position with an Average Precision (AP) of 87.4%, and pig position and posture with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 80.2%. Given different and more difficult experimental conditions of pig rearing with no or little similar images in the training set, an AP of over 67.7% was achieved for position detection. However, detecting the position and posture achieved a mAP between 44.8% and 58.8% only. Furthermore, we demonstrate exemplary applications that can aid pen design by visualizing where pigs are lying and how their lying behavior changes through the day. Finally, we contribute open data that can be used for further studies, replication, and pig position detection applications. SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 174 AR 105391 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105391 UT WOS:000540218000003 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Zhang, WJ Hu, ZY Liu, ZG Du, TH Dai, YM Xiong, T AF Huang, Jinqing Zhang, Wenjuan Hu, Zhenying Liu, Zhanggen Du, Tonghao Dai, Yuming Xiong, Tao TI Isolation, characterization and selection of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from feces of wild boar, native pig and commercial pig SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB In livestock production, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in improving performance, mitigating diseases due to their ability to maintain the balance of gastrointestinal microbes and resistance to pathogenic bacteria. As resident adapted microorganisms, LAB should be isolated and characterized from the homologous host to improve their efficiency as additives in pig feeding. In present study, cultivable LAB numbers from commercial pig (CP), native pig (NP) and wild boar (WB) samples ranged from 4.64 to 7.39 (log10 CFU/g), and the LAB counts in commercial pig and native pig feces were much higher than wild boar. Ninety-six LAB strains were detected in commercial pig, native pig and wild boar feces, being represented by thirteen different species of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella genera. Tests in vitro were conducted including survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, antimicrobial activity, organic acid production, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, Caco-2 surface adhesion, haemolytic activity and antibiotic resistance. According to the results of acid and bile salt resistant and bacteriostatic test, twelve LAB strains were selected as potential probiotics and their cell surface properties were further evaluated. Based on multivariate principal component analysis, nine probiotic LAB strains (Lactobacillus plantarum NCUA001005 and NCUA001014, Pediococcus pentosaceus NCUA006009, Lactobacillus reuteri NCUA064001 and NCUA064006, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCUA063001, NCUA063006 and NCUA063008, Lactobacillus casei NCUA011001) showed better characteristics and might be selected to explore their potential use as probiotics. These strains were good candidates for further investigation in vivo studies to assess their potential health benefits as feed supplements. SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 237 AR UNSP 104036 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104036 UT WOS:000540291900009 ER PT J AU Yu, LH Jin, YQ Cui, HH Luo, Y Dong, L Wang, HR AF Yu, Lihuai Jin, Yaqian Cui, Huihui Luo, Yang Dong, Li Wang, Hongrong TI Effects of dietary rumen-protected betaine supplementation on the antioxidant status of lambs SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB As a methyl group donor and organic osmolyte, betaine has been widely used in livestock production, but the antioxidant defence properties of betaine in lambs have not been determined. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary betaine and rumen-protected betaine (RPB) supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of lambs. A total of sixty male Hu sheep (approximately 30 kg body weight) were randomly assigned into five treatments and fed basal diets (Con group), basal diets with 2.2 g/d betaine supplementation (B-2.2 group), basal diets with 2 g/d RPB supplementation (RPB-2 group), basal diets with 4 g/d RPB supplementation (RPB-4 group), and basal diets with 6 g/d RPB supplementation (RPB-6 group) for 70 d. After the feeding experiment, the antioxidant indexes in the serum, Longissimus dorsi (LD) and liver were measured. Dietary supplementation of RPB increased the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) of lambs (P < 0.05), whereas treatments had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI). The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum was increased in the RPB-2 group (P < 0.05); the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the LD were increased in the RPB-4 group (P < 0.05);and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the liver were all elevated in the B-2.2 group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum, LD and liver decreased in the RPB-2 group (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of SOD, CAT, nuclear-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated proteinl (Keap1) and peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) in the LD were increased in the B-2.2 group (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of CAT, Keap1 and PRDX3 in the liver were increased in the RPB-2 group (P < 0.05).Considering both growth performance and antioxidant status, 2.0 g/d RPB is recommended as a supplement for lambs. SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 237 AR UNSP 104026 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104026 UT WOS:000540291900005 ER PT J AU Basel, B Goby, G Johnson, J AF Basel, Britt Goby, Gillian Johnson, Johanna TI Community-based adaptation to climate change in villages of Western Province, Solomon Islands SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN AB People, local cultures and the environments they live in are complex and dynamic social-ecological systems that have evolved together over time and are continually affected by a myriad of factors, including climate and global changes. Escalating climate and global changes present an imminent threat to Pacific communities, particularly for food security, livelihoods, health and safety, cultural identity and biodiversity conservation. A participatory community-based climate change adaptation planning process was used to engage with communities on Rendova Island in Western Province, Solomon Islands to identify local adaptation priorities. The methodology recognized that local community members are the managers of the resources they use daily, have direct knowledge of the status of key local resources and have direct influence over ongoing resource governance. The study focused on two objectives: (1) identifying community priorities and documenting them in adaptation plans intended for local implementation, and (2) evaluating whether community adaptation priorities addressed key vulnerabilities identified independently using a semi-quantitative vulnerability assessment. The adaptation priorities identified by the communities encompassed: governance, leadership and planning; farming and livestock; sustainable livelihoods; natural resource management; and youth capacity building. The community adaptation priorities were found to address the key climate change vulnerabilities identified in the semi-quantitative assessment and also addressed additional drivers of social vulnerability and adaptive capacity. This finding reiterates the importance of fully inclusive and participatory vulnerability assessments and community-identification of adaptation priorities coupled with scientific climate projections to comprehensively assess the complexity of social-ecological systems. The climate change adaptation priorities have informed ongoing local actions and are intended to be used by communities, government and NGOs to focus local effort, funding and project development. A review of the suitability of the adaptation priorities by similar villages on neighbouring islands would determine the utility of scaling-up and applying these adaptations to other rural communities in the Solomon Islands, and possibly more widely in other Pacific communities. OI Basel, Britt/0000-0002-9507-1383 SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 156 AR 111266 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111266 UT WOS:000539160000014 PM 32510407 ER PT J AU Chinnadurai, S Campos, CJA Geethalakshmi, V Sharma, J Kripa, V Mohamed, KS AF Chinnadurai, Shunmugavel Campos, Carlos J. A. Geethalakshmi, V Sharma, Jenni Kripa, V Mohamed, K. S. TI Microbiological quality of shellfish harvesting areas in the Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries (India): Environmental influences and compliance with international standards SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN AB The sources of microbiological contamination in shellfish harvesting areas in the Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries were identified through a sanitary survey. Samples of shellfish and waters were tested for faecal indicator bacteria. Both estuaries receive high levels of contamination from septic tank discharges and areas with high numbers of birds and livestock. An assessment to illustrate the classification status of the harvesting areas indicated that 64% of oyster and 58% of clam samples from Ashtamudi and 54% of mussel samples from Vembanad would comply with the lower class B standard of the EU classification system. Most water results would comply with the faecal coliform standard for 'Prohibited' areas under the US classification system. None of the water samples from Ashtamudi were below the standard for 'Approved' areas. Pollution reduction measures and implementation of a sanitation programme according to international best practice would improve consumer health protection. SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 156 AR 111255 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111255 UT WOS:000539160000042 PM 32510397 ER PT J AU Ndou, SP Woyengo, TA AF Ndou, Saymore Petros Woyengo, Tofuko Awori TI Nutritive value of carinata meal and cold-pressed canola expellers for pigs SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB Carinata meal, a co-product from carinata seed oil extraction plants, is available for livestock feeding. Also, cold-pressed canola expellers (Cold-pressed CME), a co-product from canola seed oil extraction plants, is available for livestock feeding. The nutritive value of carinata meal for pigs has not been reported. Also, there is limited information on the nutritive value of cold-pressed CME for pigs. The objective of this study was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and net energy value of carinata meal and Cold-pressed CME for growing pigs. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 32.7 +/- 1.46 kg) were fed 3 diets a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design in combination with a 3 x 2 Youden square design, to give 8 replicates/diet. The diets were cornstarch-based, containing Cold-pressed CME or carinata meal as sole protein source, and N-free. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in Cold-pressed CME and carinata meal was determined by difference from the N-free diet. On dry matter basis (DM), Cold-pressed CME and carinata meal contained 396 and 502 g/kg crude protein, 207 and 268 g/kg neutral detergent fiber, 160 and 8.8 g/kg ether extract, 23.2 and 18.2 g/kg lysine, 7.4 and 9.6 g/kg methionine, 16.3 and 18.9 g/kg threonine, and 5.0 and 6.4 g/kg tryptophan, respectively. The Cold-pressed CME compared with carinata meal, had greater (P < 0.05) SID of lysine (0.744 vs. 0.601). Conversely, Cold-pressed CME compared with carinata meal, had lower (P < 0.05) SID of methionine (0.821 vs. 0.878) and tryptophan (0.818 vs. 0.898), and tended to be lower (P = 0.078) in SID of threonine. The Cold-pressed CME and carinata meal did not differ in coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility of gross energy (0.433 vs. 0.376). The Cold-pressed CME had lower (P < 0.05) coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility of GE than carinata meal (0.573 vs. 0.671). The Cold-pressed CME and carinata meal did not differ in digestible energy (12.99 vs. 12.83 MJ/kg). However, Cold-pressed CME had greater (P < 0.05) net energy value than carinata meal (8.20 vs. 6.74 MJ/kg DM). In conclusion, carinata meal has lower energy value than Cold-pressed CME, however, the former had greater SID of most AA than the latter. Both Cold-pressed CME and carinata meal can serve as alternative oilseed co-product feedstuffs for pigs. SN 0377-8401 EI 1873-2216 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 265 AR 114496 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114496 UT WOS:000538812800007 ER PT J AU Tavares, PD da Silva, CF Pereira, MG da Silva, EMR AF Tavares, Patricia Dias da Silva, Cristiane Figueira Pereira, Marcos Gervasio Ribeiro da Silva, Eliane Maria TI COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL FAUNA COMMUNITY AND LEAF LITTER STOCK IN AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEMS AND SECONDARY FORESTRY SO BIOSCIENCE JOURNAL AB Agro-Forestry Systems (AFS), in addition to being a means of providing income, can be considered an alternative way of helping conserve biodiversity, both above and below ground. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of tree leaf litter and its nutrient content as well as the composition of fauna in the soil-litter layer in two Agro-Forestry Systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2), using as reference an area of secondary Forest (SF), in the Quilombola do Campinho da Independencia community, Paraty, in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. The collection of accumulated leaf litter and soil-litter fauna was carried out from four sample points in each area and at two different seasons of the year, the rainy and the dry season. The leaf litter stock and its nutrient content (Ca, Mg, P, K and N) were measured. The extraction of fauna was carried out according to Tullgren's method, modifying the Berlese funnel. The stock of accumulated leaf litter differed between the two areas only in the rainy season; the amounts were smaller in AFS-2. In general, the Agro-Forestry Systems were very similar to the secondary forest in terms of levels and/or stock of nutrients in the majority of cases, at least in one of the seasons studied. The composition of the soil fauna groups in the Agro-Forestry System (AFS-1 and AFS-2) had a high degree of similarity to that found in the forest, and these systems mainly favour the populations of groups like Collembola and Formicidae. RI Pereira, Marcos/F-1585-2018 OI Pereira, Marcos/0000-0002-1402-3612 SN 1981-3163 PD JUL-AUG PY 2020 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1377 EP 1389 DI 10.14393/BJ-v36n4a2020-42715 UT WOS:000539076500030 ER PT J AU Abbas, AM Mahfouz, L Ahmed, MK Al-Kahtani, MA Ruxton, GD Lambert, AM AF Abbas, Ahmed M. Mahfouz, Lamiaa Ahmed, Mohamed K. Al-Kahtani, Mohammed A. Ruxton, Graeme D. Lambert, Adam M. TI Effects of seed passage by sheep on germination of the invasive Prosopis juliflora tree SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH AB Prosopis juliflora is a small mesquite tree native to Central and South America, with invasive populations in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including North Africa and the Arab Gulf region where it has been introduced for livestock forage. In Egypt, the geographical pattern of its spread suggests that domestic sheep are important seed vectors. We assessed the effect of seed passage through the sheep digestive system on germination. Only 7 % of seeds passed through the digestive system intact, and these seeds had greater volume and weight. Excreted seeds had higher germination rates and germinated more quickly than untreated control seeds under laboratory conditions. Our results further strengthen evidence for the importance of domesticated animals as vectors of this invasive species and suggest that sheep must be considered in management strategies to prevent further spread into protected areas. OI Ruxton, Graeme/0000-0001-8943-6609 SN 0921-4488 EI 1879-0941 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 188 AR 106098 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106098 UT WOS:000539358700004 ER PT J AU Madadian, E Amiri, L Lefsrud, M AF Madadian, E. Amiri, L. Lefsrud, M. TI Thermodynamic Analysis of Wood Pellet Gasification in a Downdraft Reactor for Advanced Biofuel Production SO WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION AB Thermochemical biomass conversion technologies use renewable feedstocks to produce gaseous, liquid and solid fuels to produce electric power, heat, chemicals or other types of fuel. Biomass gasification has emerged as a promising conversion technology to meet increasing global energy demands. In this study, a thermodynamic model programmed with MATLAB and CANTERA was used to study the effect of equivalence ratio on reaction temperature and producer gas during the decomposition of woody biomass in a downdraft gasifer. The composition of the producer gas was estimated by minimizing the Gibbs free energy for calculation of the equilibrium constants. A Newton-Raphson algorithm was used to find the final equilibrium state. This process began with an initial estimate for temperature of the chemical composition at equilibrium. The results of the modeling were reported based on the variation in the main indicators of the process such as cold gas efficiency and higher heating value Higher heating value. As such, variations in equivalence ratio were calculated for various moisture contents and the temperature of the reactor. Cold gas efficiency and higher heating values were maximized at optimum equivalence ratio 0.31. Gibbs free energy change through the main parts of the reactor was found to be negative and ranged from - 95 to - 280 kJ/mol. The enthalpy of oxidation was also found to be native at around - 250 kJ/mol indicating exothermic exothermic nature of the reactions in oxidation zone. However, the total enthalpy of the system increased with an increase in the temperature directing the system to be more endothermic in reduction zone (105 kJ/mol). Model predictions were satisfactorily consistent with experimental data in this study and the literature. The results of this study can be directly applied to develop gasification reactors in biorefineries to enhance process efficiency. SN 1877-2641 EI 1877-265X PD JUL PY 2020 VL 11 IS 7 BP 3665 EP 3676 DI 10.1007/s12649-019-00663-4 UT WOS:000538735600044 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Perez, A Noonin, C Soderhall, K Soderhall, I AF Hernandez-Perez, Ariadne Noonin, Chadanat Soderhall, Kenneth Soderhall, Irene TI Environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole increase crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus susceptibility to White Spot Syndrome Virus SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY AB Antibiotics used for humans and livestock are emerging as pollutants in aquatic environments. However, little is known about their effect on aquatic organisms, especially in crustaceans. In the present study, the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was exposed during 21 days to environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (100 ng/L and 1 mu g/L). Subsequently, the crayfish susceptibility to infection was evaluated by using White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) challenge, a well-known crustacean pathogen. The median survival time of the infected crayfish exposed to 100 ng/L SMX was one day, whereas the control and the group exposed to 1 mu g/L SMX survived for two and three days, respectively. In order to elucidate the effect of SMX upon the crayfish immune response, new sets of crayfish were exposed to the same SMX treatments to evaluate mRNA levels of immune-related genes which are expressed and present in hemocytes and intestine, and to perform total and differential hemocyte counts. These results show a significant down-regulation of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Crustin 3 in hemocytes from the 100 ng/L SMX group, as well as a significant up-regulation of the AMP Crustin 1 in intestines from the 1 mu g/L SMX group. Semigranular and total hemocyte cell number were observed to be significantly lower after exposure to 100 ng/L SMX in comparison with the control group. The present study demonstrates that environmentally relevant SMX concentrations in the water at 100 ng/L led to an increased WSSV susceptibility, that may have been caused by a reduction of circulating hemocytes. Nevertheless, SMX concentrations of 1 mu g/L could marginally and for a few days have an immunostimulatory effect. SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 102 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.022 UT WOS:000537822700022 PM 32311459 ER PT J AU Vasconcellos, B Trindade, J Volk, L Pinho, L AF Vasconcellos, B. Trindade, J. Volk, L. Pinho, L. TI Method Applied To Animal MonitoringThrough VANT Images SO IEEE LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS AB One of the necessary demands in extensive livestock systems is the counting of animals in areas of tens of hectares, costly when carried out manually and locally. In this context, this work proposes and discusses the efficacy of a semi-autonomous, non-invasive method for remote identification of animals in the field, applicable to precision livestock systems. The method was conceived from an exploratory research methodology based on remote sensing techniques that include image collection processes by aerial surveying with RGB camera embedded in unmanned aerial vehicle, persistence of images obtained by means of storage in space-time databases and processing of stored images for the construction of a rural property orthomosaic succeeded by the application of patterns discovery processes, making use of deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks. According to the experiments carried out, the method was effective, being able to identify and count animals from the collection of images made at 100 m height, with an accuracy of up to 95%, including the approximate geographical position of the animals to field. SN 1548-0992 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1280 EP 1287 DI 10.1109/TLA.2020.9099770 UT WOS:000538160000015 ER PT J AU Ardebili, SMS AF Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad Safieddin TI Green electricity generation potential from biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of farm animal waste and agriculture residues in Iran SO RENEWABLE ENERGY AB Biogas is a practical way of recycling bio-wastes that can be utilized as a fuel for co-generation of electricity and heat. Livestock and agriculture-based resources have considerable potential for bio-power generation mainly due to their comparatively low cost. However, the contribution of agricultural residues has been neglected within this context in Iran. This study aims to assess Iran's potentials in bio-power generation from both animal and agriculture-based resources to provide an accurate/realistic estimate of the resource availability. The studied energy crops were wheat, rice, barley, maize, potato, apple, grape, alfalfa and other industrial crops including sugar cane and sugar beet. The total amount of agricultural waste is assessed to be 24.3 million tones that can be considered potential feedstock to produce 6,542 million m(3) of biogas, 2,443 million liters of bio-butanol, and 2,082 million m(3) of bio-hydrogen. In addition, the biogas potential from livestock and slaughter wastes is estimated to be 11,523.84 and 16,026 million m(3)/year, respectively. The findings indicated that there is considerable potential for bio-power generation in Iran. The analysis estimated that Iran's total potential for bio-power generation from these organic matters was around 62,808 x 10(6) kWhyear(-1), accounting for 27% of the total electricity consumption in the country. The greenhouse gas emission mitigation from bio-based electricity generation would be about 4,096 thousand tons of CO2-eq/year, which account for up to 0.6% of Iran's annual greenhouse gas emissions. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report assessing the emission inventory and emission allocation of CO2 from both livestock manure and the open burning of crop residues in Iran. This paper provides valuable insights and information for policy-makers to formulate long-term energy policy by taking advantage of these bio-wastes in Iran as a case study. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0960-1481 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 154 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.102 UT WOS:000536955000003 ER PT J AU Jabeen, G Yan, QY Ahmad, M Fatima, N Jabeen, M Li, H Qamar, S AF Jabeen, Gul Yan, Qingyou Ahmad, Munir Fatima, Nousheen Jabeen, Maria Li, Heng Qamar, Shoaib TI Household-based critical influence factors of biogas generation technology utilization: A case of Punjab province of Pakistan SO RENEWABLE ENERGY AB This research comprehensively examined the contributions of households' critical influence factors (CRIFs) in BGT utilization. The data based on a sample of 695 households from seven selected districts of Punjab province of Pakistan. The empirical findings are: first, among the households' preference based CRIFs, cooking as a utilization mode imparted positive and significant influence on BGT utilization. It implicated that cooking was found to be the dominant preference of households to utilize the BGT. Moreover, the health risk factor was exposed to be important in BGT utilization. This is likely for people to attach importance to their health. Second, dual nature of the influence of gender is observed: (i) it emphasized the role of woman empowerment in choice of BGT, and also, (ii) as the females need to spend extra time in fuel collection, they want to switch to BGT. Third, concerning the socio-economic and infrastructural influence factors, the education of both household head and chef portrayed a positive influence on BGT utilization. Moreover, households with relatively more land ownership and livestock were more probable to utilize BGT. Finally, the users of the BGT experienced the financial, health, environmental protection, and crop harvest benefits as compared to non-users of BGT. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Ahmad, Munir/W-6429-2019; Li, Heng/B-2821-2015 OI Ahmad, Munir/0000-0002-4376-8410; Li, Heng/0000-0002-3187-9041 SN 0960-1481 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 154 BP 650 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.049 UT WOS:000536955000052 ER PT J AU Divari, S De Lucia, F Berio, E Sereno, A Biolatti, B Cannizzo, FT AF Divari, S. De Lucia, F. Berio, E. Sereno, A. Biolatti, B. Cannizzo, F. T. TI Dexamethasone and prednisolone treatment in beef cattle: influence on glycogen deposition and gene expression in the liver SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AB The illegal administration of glucocorticoids in livestock is problematic and identification of pathways in which these hormones are involved is critically important, and new direct or indirect biomarkers should be identified. In this work, glucocorticoid transcriptional effects on some genes involved in the glucose metabolism were studied in the bovine liver. This study was conducted on adult Charolais male cattle treated with long-term low dose dexamethasone or prednisolone. Gene expression analysis was conducted in the liver by qPCR, and the geNorm algorithm was applied to select optimal reference genes. In line with the literature, a significant overexpression of genes involved in the gluconeogenic pathway and glycogen synthesis was detected in the liver of dexamethasone-treated animals, but histological and biochemical examination showed hepatocyte glycogen depletion particularly in dexamethasone-treated animals. It possible to hypothesize that glucocorticoids or adrenal insufficiency due to glucocorticoids withdrawal inhibit the enzymatic activity of glycogen synthase and/or induce glycogen autophagy in bovine liver. In fact, markers of glycophagy as starch-binding domain-containing protein 1 and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 mRNAs were upregulated in the liver by glucocorticoids treatment. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta gene was significantly overexpressed in dexamethasone-treated animals, and this protein is also implicated in liver autophagy modulation and glycogen synthesis inhibition. These results showed that glucocorticoids likley have dual roles in hepatic glycogen metabolism of cattle, and investigation of these pathways could help find treatment biomarkers. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Divari, Sara/0000-0002-6085-0336; Cannizzo, Francesca Tiziana/0000-0001-9553-5996 SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 72 AR UNSP 106444 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106444 UT WOS:000536910200033 PM 32199239 ER PT J AU Pehlivanoglu, F Ozturk, D Turutoglu, H AF Pehlivanoglu, Faruk Ozturk, Dilek Turutoglu, Hulya TI Carriage of Plasmidic AmpC Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in Cattle and Sheep and Characterisation of the Isolates in Terms of Antibiogram Profiles, Phylogeny and Virulence SO KAFKAS UNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI AB AmpC type beta-lactamase enzyme production by Escherichia coli confers resistance to penicillin and cephalosporins including oxyimino-cephalosporin, cephamycin and aztreonam (variably). Screening of AmpC beta-lactamase determinants in both commensal and pathogenic E. coli isolates in livestock is important to reveal the resistance status of the bacteria. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the AmpC beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolates in cattle and sheep populations in Burdur, Turkey. The fecal samples were collected from 250 Holstein cows, older than 12 months of age and apparently healthy, and from 225 sheep from different breeds, older than 6 months of age and apparently healthy. After selective isolation and identification of the agent in coliform/E. coli selective medium supplemented with cefotaxime (2 mu g/mL) or ceftazidim (2 mu g/mL), the cefoxitin resistant E. coli isolates were determined by agar disc diffusion test (ADDT). Then, pAmpC beta-lactamase genes were determined by multiplex polimerase chain reaction (PCR) as gold standart test for pAmpC beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Finally, the isolates were characterized by PCR for phylogeny and Enterohemorrhagic/Shiga toxin producing E. coli (EHEC/STEC) related virulence genes. Totally 17 (6.8%) cattle fecal samples were found positive for pAmpC beta-lactamase producing E. coli. None of the sheep fecal samples yielded culture positive results for the bacteria of interest. Among the E. coli isolates, only CIT (origin, Citrobacter freundii) family pAmpC gene was found. The predominant phylogenetic group was found as group A and only eae gene was detected in only one E. coli isolate. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 7 (41.2%) isolates. Consequently, the present study revealed that pAmpC beta-lactamase producing E. coli, with MDR and low phylogenetic group diversity, exists in cattle population, but not in sheep population. SN 1300-6045 PD JUL-AUG PY 2020 VL 26 IS 4 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.9775/kvfd.2019.23541 UT WOS:000537457100003 ER PT J AU Aldebron, C Jones, MS Snyder, WE Blubaugh, CK AF Aldebron, Charlotte Jones, Matthew S. Snyder, William E. Blubaugh, Carmen K. TI Soil organic matter links organic farming to enhanced predator evenness SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB Balanced communities of natural enemies (i.e., greater evenness) can strengthen biological control. Natural enemy evenness is generally higher on organic than conventional farms, but the reason(s) for this are unclear. One possibility is that applications of composted manure on organic farms provide habitat for predators as well as food for detritus-feeding arthropods that are important supplemental prey. We searched for potential links between soil organic matter and ground beetle biodiversity in 65 broccoli (B. oleracea) fields, spanning the U.S. west coast, on mixed-vegetable farms using organic or conventional management practices. We measured soil organic matter in each field while also collecting predatory ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and detritus-feeding springtails (Collembola), which are potential alternative prey resources for ground beetles. We found that carabid activity density, species richness, and species evenness were higher on organic than conventional farms. Some organic farms integrated livestock alongside vegetable production, however this did not detectably impact ground beetles, springtails, or organic matter. In a path analysis built from our on-farm data, carabid community evenness correlated with soil organic matter, and subsequently, carabid evenness positively correlated with carabid activity density. However, springtail activity-density had no apparent relationship to soil organic matter, carabid activity, or carabid evenness. It is possible that increasing organic matter improved soil microclimate to the benefit of ground beetles, although we cannot exclude the possibility that carabids on organic farms were responding to other ecological or management practices that differed from those on conventional farms. More broadly, among its myriad soil-health benefits, enhancing organic matter could be one strategy for re-balancing natural enemy densities to increase evenness. SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 146 AR 104278 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104278 UT WOS:000536505300001 ER PT J AU Xu, CP Paone, E Rodriguez-Padron, D Luque, R Mauriello, F AF Xu, Chunping Paone, Emilia Rodriguez-Padron, Daily Luque, Rafael Mauriello, Francesco TI Reductive catalytic routes towards sustainable production of hydrogen, fuels and chemicals from biomass derived polyols SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS AB Biomass derived polyols represent one of the most attractive resources for modern bio-refineries that need renewable feedstocks directly convertible into chemicals, biofuels and energy carriers. In the past two decades, the reductive catalytic conversion of polyols via hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis and aqueous phase reforming processes has received more and more attention allowing the sustainable production of important products such as glycols, alkanes and H-2. In this contribution, the state of the art in the processing of biomass derived C6 and C5 polyols, namely sorbitol and xylitol, to produce added value chemicals, fuels and energy (H-2) is reviewed highlighting the most reliable and promising catalytic systems used so far merging, at the same time, the reaction conditions adopted for obtaining a target products. The final aim is to provide a simple and comprehensive guide to academic and industrial researchers for the development of both the future generation of catalysts and greener chemical processes to be used in the valorization of biomass derived sorbitol and xylitol. OI Mauriello, Francesco/0000-0002-6002-2151 SN 1364-0321 EI 1879-0690 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 127 AR 109852 DI 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109852 UT WOS:000536516900013 ER PT J AU Moro, I Trentin, R Moschin, E Dalla Vecchia, F AF Moro, Isabella Trentin, Riccardo Moschin, Emanuela Dalla Vecchia, Francesca TI Morpho-physiological responses by Isochrysis galbana Parke to different concentrations of oxytetracycline SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AB The pollution of aquatic bodies by pharmaceutical compounds is an emerging environmental problem, with little explored consequences. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an antibiotic used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of microorganisms and it is widely employed in medicine, livestock husbandry and aquaculture. This pharmaceutical compound may cause deleterious effects on non-target aquatic organisms as microalgae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of OTC on growth, pigment content and morpho-physiology of the microalga Isochrysis galbana Parke. The results highlighted that OTC exposure inhibited the growth of I. galbana in cultures treated with OTC 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L after 3 days and in cultures treated with OTC 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/L after 5 days. Effects of OTC on cells ultrastructure and physiology consisted in large cytoplasmic lipid inclusions and in a decrease of photosynthetic pigments amount. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 262 AR 114273 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114273 UT WOS:000533524300106 PM 32146366 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Niu, BL Ni, JQ Xue, WT Zhu, ZP Li, XR Zou, GY AF Wang, Yue Niu, Binglong Ni, Ji-Qin Xue, Wentao Zhu, Zhiping Li, Xinrong Zou, Guoyuan TI New insights into concentrations, sources and transformations of NH3, NOx, SO2 and PM at a commercial manure-belt layer house SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AB Pollutant gases and particulate matters (PM) from livestock facilities can affect the health of animals and farm workers and lead to great social environmental risks. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the characteristics of ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and PM (including PM2.5 and PM10) in a 100,000-bird manure-belt layer house in suburb Beijing for three typical seasons of summer, autumn and winter. Indoor air was sampled at an exhaust fan of the mechanically ventilated commercial house. The monitored indoor concentrations of NH3, NOx, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 were 3.7 -5.0 mg m(-3), 17-58 mu g m(-3), 0-11 mu g m(-3), 100-149 mu g m(-3) and 354-828 mu g m(-3), respectively. The indoor NH3 concentrations were largely influenced by the manure removal frequency. The NOx and SO2 were mainly sourced from the ambient air, and the NOx was also partly sourced from manure decomposition in summer. The indoor PM2.5 and PM10 were largely sourced from the ambient air and the indoor manure, respectively. The abundant indoor NH3 caused significantly higher NH4+ concentration in the indoor PM10 (7.98 +/- 9.04 mu g m(-3)) than that in the ambient PM10 (3.48 +/- 3.52 mu g m(-3)). Secondary inorganic ions (SO42-, NO3- and NH4+) totally contributed 5.7% and 14.6% to the indoor and ambient PM2.5, respectively; they contributed 2.8% and 8.9% to the indoor and ambient PM10, respectively. Organic carbon was the main component of the PM and accounted for 26.6% and 41.5% of the indoor PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Heavy metal elements (Zn, Cu and Cr) were likely transported from feed to manure and finally accumulated in the PM. Given the high emission potential, the air pollutants from animal production suggested potential risks for human health. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 262 AR 114355 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114355 UT WOS:000533524300025 PM 32443201 ER PT J AU Cabral, AC Dauner, ALL Xavier, FCB Garcia, MRD Wilhelm, MM dos Santos, VCG Netto, SA Martins, CC AF Cabral, Ana Caroline Lindroth Dauner, Ana Lucia Borato Xavier, Fernanda Caroline Domingues Garcia, Marina Reback Wilhelm, Marines Maria Goncalves dos Santos, Vanessa Cristina Netto, Sergio Antonio Martins, Cesar C. TI Tracking the sources of allochthonous organic matter along a subtropical fluvial-estuarine gradient using molecular proxies in view of land uses SO CHEMOSPHERE AB Sedimentary sterols and linear alkylbenzenes associated with allochthonous organic matter (AOM) inputs were studied in surface sediments along the Tubardo riverbed, South Brazil. These markers were analysed in terms of concentrations, diagnostic ratios and by using multivariate analyses to identify the main organic matter sources. It was necessary to integrate all these factors to distinguish the sources and determine sewage contamination. Phytosterols predominated over faecal sterols, but the contributions of livestock waste along the river (determined in 50% of the sites) were confirmed by the fingerprint analysis. Raw sewage contamination was verified at one site, according to the increased levels of sewage molecular markers and confirmed by the multivariate analyses and diagnostic ratios calibrated to this region. A possible synergistic effect between inorganic nanoparticles from coal mine waste and organic contaminants related to AOM input was suggested and should not be ignored since both activities severely contribute to the environmental changes in much of this fluvial-estuarine gradient from the South Atlantic. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Dauner, Ana Lucia/0000-0002-9686-6241; de Castro Martins, Cesar/0000-0002-2515-5565 SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 251 AR 126435 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126435 UT WOS:000533642900124 PM 32169703 ER PT J AU Sun, YQ Cao, Y Tong, LL Tao, FY Wang, XN Wu, HM Wang, MC AF Sun, Yongqi Cao, Yi Tong, Lili Tao, Fangyi Wang, Xiaonan Wu, Huiming Wang, Mengcen TI Exposure to prothioconazole induces developmental toxicity and cardiovascular effects on zebrafish embryo SO CHEMOSPHERE AB Prothioconazole is a fungicide that has been widely used in general agriculture and livestock husbandry. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of prothioconazole to zebrafish embryos by assessing their hatching rate and malformation when exposed to different concentrations of prothioconazole. The 96 h-LC50 value of zebrafish embryos was 1.70 mg/L. Upon exposure to 0.85 mg/L, the mortality rate of the embryos significantly increased while their hatching rate decreased significantly. At prothioconazole concentrations higher than 0.43 mg/L, developmental morphologic abnormalities such as heart and yolksac edema, spine curvature, tail deformity, shortened body length and decreased eye area were observed. The heart rate of embryos decreased in a dose-dependent fashion during the exposure time. Prothioconazole exposure also resulted in increased rates of cardiac malformation detected by significant increase in the distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus and the pericardium area. Moreover, the expression levels of genes related to cardiac development (amhc, vmhc, fli1, hand2, gata4, nkx2.5, tbx5 and atp2a2a) were significantly altered after exposure to prothioconazole. Indeed, this study revealed the adverse effects on the developmental and cardiovascular system of zebrafish embryo caused by prothioconazole. It further elucidated the risk of prothioconazole exposure to vertebrate cardiovascular toxicity. As such, it provides a theoretical foundation for pesticide risk management measures. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Wang, Mengcen/0000-0001-7169-6779 SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 251 AR 126418 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126418 UT WOS:000533642900050 PM 32443233 ER PT J AU Yu, XN Shen, L Hou, XH Yuan, L Pan, YP An, JL Yan, SQ AF Yu, Xingna Shen, Li Hou, Xinhong Yuan, Liang Pan, Yuepeng An, Junlin Yan, Shuqi TI High-resolution anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory for the Yangtze River Delta, China SO CHEMOSPHERE AB The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the regions with air pollution and high ammonia (NH3) emission in China. A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory for the YRD region was developed based on the updated source-specific emission factor (EFs) and the county-level activity data. The 1 x 1 km gridded emissions were allocated by using the appropriate spatial surrogate. The total NH3 emissions changed insignificantly from 2006 to 2014 and varied in the range of 981.65 kt - 1014.30 kt. The fertilizer application and livestock were the major contributors of total emission. Humans, biomass burning and vehicles were the top three contributors of non-agricultural sources, accounting for 37.24%, 31.02% and 10.85%, respectively. Vehicles were calculated to be the non-agricultural source with the fastest annual growth rate. NH3 emissions from the nitrogen fertilizer application generally peaked in summer, corresponding to the planting schedule and relatively high temperature. High NH3 emissions occurred in the north as opposed to low emissions in the south of the YRD. The cities of Xuzhou, Yancheng and Nantong with more agricultural activities were demonstrated to have relatively high NH3 emissions, contributing 10.0%, 9.0 and 7.1% of total emissions, respectively. The validity of the emission estimates was further evaluated based on the uncertainty analysis by Monte Carlo simulation, comparison with previous studies, and correlation analysis between NH3 emission density and observed ground NH3 concentration. A detailed NH3 emission inventory is the basis of regional-scale air quality model simulation and can provide valuable information for understanding the formation mechanism of pollutants. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Pan, Yuepeng/G-6377-2011 OI Pan, Yuepeng/0000-0002-5547-0849 SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 251 AR 126342 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126342 UT WOS:000533642900060 PM 32169712 ER PT J AU Naspolini, GF Ciasca, BS La Rovere, EL Pereira, AO AF Naspolini, Giovanna Ferrazzo Ciasca, Bruna Stein La Rovere, Emilio Lebre Pereira Jr, Amaro Olimpio TI Brazilian Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water: A structural decomposition analysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB The UN Sustainable Development Goals constitute a bench of directives with a universal scope to establish actions to mitigate poverty and protect the environment. Benefiting from the Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water recently published in Brazil, it is possible to harmonize the demand of water and the economic sectors. To this end, this study conducted an input-output analysis and structural decomposition analysis to explore the water consumption of the Brazilian Economy and its driving forces during an unprecedented drought and economic recession between 2013 and 2015. The results indicate that the total variation of the water consumption in the period is 15%. Between 2013 and 2014, the total effect was positive, causing an increase of 45% in the embodied water consumption, having as main driver the final demand and the intensity effect. In the second period, the total intensity effect was negative, provoking a decrease of -10% in the total water consumption. The "Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing" is the main sector responsible for these positive and negative results, while the "Energy and gas natural supply" sector has a strategic position to avoid a structural increase on the economic water demand. SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 265 AR 110508 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110508 UT WOS:000533526800008 PM 32421553 ER PT J AU Sabir, A Naveed, M Bashir, MA Hussain, A Mustafa, A Zahir, ZA Kamran, M Ditta, A Nunez-Delgado, A Saeed, Q Qadeer, A AF Sabir, Asma Naveed, Muhammad Bashir, Muhammad Asaad Hussain, Azhar Mustafa, Adnan Zahir, Zahir Ahmad Kamran, Muhammad Ditta, Allah Nunez-Delgado, Avelino Saeed, Qudsia Qadeer, Abdul TI Cadmium mediated phytotoxic impacts in Brassica napus: Managing growth, physiological and oxidative disturbances through combined use of biochar and Enterobacter sp. MN17 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with unknown biological role. Interactive effect of Enterobacter sp. MN17 and biochar was studied on the growth, physiology and antioxidant defense system of Brassica napus under Cd contaminated soil. A multi-metal tolerant endophytic bacterium, Enterobacter sp. MN17, was able to grow in tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium with up to 160, 200, 300, 700, 160 and 400 mu g mL(-1) of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn, respectively. Paper and pulp waste biochar was prepared at 450 degrees C and applied to pots (7 kg soil) at a rate of 1% (w/w), while Cd was spiked at 80 mg kg(-1) soil. Application of Enterobacter sp. MN17 and biochar, alone or combined, was found effective in the amelioration of Cd stress. Combined application of Enterobacter sp. MN17 and biochar caused the maximum appraisal in shoot and root length (52.5 and 76.5%), fresh and dry weights of shoot (77.1 and 70.7%) and mot (81.2 and 57.9%), photosynthetic and transpiration rate (120.2 and 106.6%), stomatal and sub-stomatal conductance (81.3 and 75.5%), chlorophyll content and relative water content (RWC) (78.4 and 102.9%) than control. Their combined use showed a significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (EL), praline, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 39.3, 39.4, 39.5, 37.0, 39.0 42.1 and 30.8%, respectively, relative to control. Likewise, the combined application of bacterial strain MN17 and biochar reduced Cd in soil by 45.6%, thereby decreasing its uptake in root and shoot by 40.1 and 38.2%, respectively in Cd contaminated soil. The application of biochar supported the maximum colonization of strain MN17 in the rhizosphere soil, mot and shoot tissues. These results reflected that inoculation with Enterobacter sp. MN17 could be an effective approach to accelerate biochar-mediated remediation of Cd contaminated soil for sustainable production of crops. RI Nunez-Delgado, Avelino/K-3964-2013; Ditta, Allah/F-5139-2013 OI Nunez-Delgado, Avelino/0000-0001-5373-1606; Ditta, Allah/0000-0003-1745-4757 SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 265 AR 110522 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110522 UT WOS:000533526800009 PM 32275244 ER PT J AU Brevini, TAL Pennarossa, G Gandolfi, F AF Brevini, Tiziana A. L. Pennarossa, Georgia Gandolfi, Fulvio TI A 3D approach to reproduction SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB For over a century, 2D cell culture has been extensively used for all the different research fields. However, this in vitro system does not allow to reproduce the natural structures of the original tissue, causing several changes and, in most cases, the loss of cell-to-cell communications and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. Based on this, during the last years, novel 3D platforms, able to mimic the in vivo milieu, are being developed. The advantages of the use of 3D models are: the reduction of the gap between cell culture and physiological environment; imitation of the specific architecture; partially maintenance of the mechanical and biochemical cues of the original tissue. Currently, 3D systems are used in a broad range of studies, including the field of reproduction, where they have been applied to promote maturation of follicles and oocytes and embryo culture. Here, we review 2D and 3D cell culture methods, discussing advantages and limitations of these techniques. We report the fundamental mechanisms involved in cell ability to perceive and respond to mechanical cues and their role in transmitting signals to and between cells and in regulating intracellular signaling pathways. In particular, we focus on the main effectors of the Hippo pathway, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (TAZ), describing their behavior and function in oocytes and embryos. Lastly, we provide an overall perspective of the most recent 3D technologies developed in the field of reproduction, describing how their use may revolutionize the understanding of cellular behavior and provide novel tools, useful in reproductive technologies and livestock production. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 150 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.020 UT WOS:000533539400002 PM 31973966 ER PT J AU Davis, TC White, RR AF Davis, T. C. White, R. R. TI Breeding animals to feed people: The many roles of animal reproduction in ensuring global food security SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB As the population grows and shifts demographically, the resulting increase in demand for beef and milk necessitates improvements in the sustainability of ruminant livestock production systems. Ruminant livestock contribute to ensuring global food security because they have the ability to up-cycle non-human-edible products into meat and milk products with notable nutritional value. However, ruminant livestock also pose a challenge to global food sustainability because they are resource-intensive to produce and contribute substantially to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. As such, improving environmental impacts of ruminant livestock production globally is an essential goal. There are a number of strategies that can be employed to enhance sustainability of ruminant production systems; however, improving reproductive efficiency is among the more efficient, because an increase in reproductive success will reduce the number of cows needed to produce a target quantity of beef. This reduction in the cow herd size helps limit the number of unproductive animals retained in the herd, thereby reducing the environmental maintenance cost of livestock production. Additionally, proper application of reproductive technologies enables faster and more targeted advances in genetic gains, which can be leveraged to produce phenotypes that are resource-use-efficient and well-adapted to their production environment. Optimizing reproductive efficiency can be accomplished through improved genetic selection for fertility and fecundity; applying more effective use of assisted reproductive technologies; and coupling reproductive and nutritional management to optimize likelihood of reproductive success. Collectively, applying these approaches will be essential when working to ensure ruminant livestock's contribution to global food security. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 150 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.041 UT WOS:000533539400006 PM 32088028 ER PT J AU Alberio, R AF Alberio, Ramiro TI Untangling early embryo development using single cell genomics SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB The zygote undergoes five cell divisions prior to the first signs of lineage segregation. Blastocyst formation requires segregation of the trophectoderm, needed for implantation, and the inner cell mass, which differentiate towards the major lineages of the fetus. This process is broadly conserved in mammals, however, in recent years investigations using high throughput single cell transcriptomics have provided new insights on the gene regulatory networks and epigenetic mechanisms controlling these processes in different species, highlighting novel unique evolutionary adaptations. Although analysis of single cell datasets is inherently challenging due to stochastic gene expression in single cells, continuous development of novel computational tools have contributed to improving the quality of these datasets. Single cell-omics provides detailed information on discrete cellular states, and when combined with spatial transcriptomics it can inform on the relationship between cellular compartments and fate determination. This technology has recently been used to shed new light into the progression of lineage segregation, establishment of pluripotency, epigenetic regulation and signalling pathways participating in mammalian pre-gastrulation development. The adoption of these new technologies for generating high-resolution maps of embryogenesis will readily translate into biotechnological applications that will have significant impact in livestock production. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RI Alberio, Ramiro/G-5955-2011 OI Alberio, Ramiro/0000-0001-6560-3919 SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 150 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.062 UT WOS:000533539400010 PM 32088040 ER PT J AU Lee, K Uh, K Farrell, K AF Lee, Kiho Uh, Kyungjun Farrell, Kayla TI Current progress of genome editing in livestock SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB Historically, genetic engineering in livestock proved to be challenging. Without stable embryonic stem cell lines to utilize, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) had to be employed to produce many of the genetically engineered (GE) livestock models. Through the genetic engineering of somatic cells followed by SCNT, GE livestock models could be generated carrying site-specific modifications. Although successful, only a few GE livestock models were generated because of low efficiency and associated birth defects. Recently, there have been major strides in the development of genome editing tools: Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS), and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ( CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system. These tools rely on the generation of a double strand DNA break, followed by one of two repair pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology directed repair (HDR). Compared to the traditional approaches, these tools dramatically reduce time and effort needed to establish a GE animal. Another benefit of utilizing genome editing tools is the application of direct injection into developing embryos to induce targeted mutations, therefore, eliminating side effects associated with SCNT. Emerging technological advancements of genome editing systems have dramatically improved efficiency to generate GE livestock models for both biomedical and agricultural purposes. Although the efficiency of genome editing tools has revolutionized GE livestock production, improvements for safe and consistent application are desired. This review will provide an overview of genome editing techniques, as well as examples of GE livestock models for agricultural and biomedical purposes. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 150 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.036 UT WOS:000533539400032 PM 32000993 ER PT J AU Menchaca, A dos Santos-Neto, PC Mulet, AP Crispo, M AF Menchaca, A. dos Santos-Neto, P. C. Mulet, A. P. Crispo, M. TI CRISPR in livestock: From editing to printing SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB Precise genome editing of large animals applied to livestock and biomedicine is nowadays possible since the CRISPR revolution. This review summarizes the latest advances and the main technical issues that determine the success of this technology. The pathway from editing to printing, from engineering the genome to achieving the desired animals, does not always imply an easy, fast and safe journey. When applied in large animals, CRISPR involves time- and cost-consuming projects, and it is mandatory not only to choose the best approach for genome editing, but also for embryo production, zygote microinjection or electroporation, cryopreservation and embryo transfer. The main technical refinements and most frequent questions to improve this disruptive biotechnology in large animals are presented. In addition, we discuss some CRISPR applications to enhance livestock production in the context of a growing global demand of food, in terms of increasing efficiency, reducing the impact of farming on the environment, enhancing pest control, animal welfare and health. The challenge is no longer technical. Controversies and consensus, opportunities and threats, benefits and risks, ethics and science should be reconsidered to enter into the CRISPR era. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RI Menchaca, Alejo/S-1835-2017 OI Menchaca, Alejo/0000-0002-2494-9574 SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 150 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.063 UT WOS:000533539400035 PM 32088034 ER PT J AU McLennan, HJ Saini, A Dunning, KR Thompson, JG AF McLennan, H. J. Saini, A. Dunning, K. R. Thompson, J. G. TI Oocyte and embryo evaluation by AI and multi-spectral auto-fluorescence imaging: Livestock embryology needs to catch-up to clinical practice SO THERIOGENOLOGY AB A highly accurate 'non-invasive quantitative embryo assessment for pregnancy' (NQEAP) technique that determines embryo quality has been an elusive goal. If developed, NQEAP would transform the selection of embryos from both Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET), and even more so, in vitro produced (IVP) embryos for livestock breeding. The area where this concept is already having impact is in the field of clinical embryology, where great strides have been taken in the application of morphokinetics and artificial intelligence (AI); while both are already in practice, rigorous and robust evidence of efficacy is still required. Even the translation of advances in the qualitative scoring of human IVF embryos have yet to be translated to the livestock IVP industry, which remains dependent on the MOET-standardised 3-point scoring system. Furthermore, there are new ways to interrogate the biochemistry of individual embryonic cells by using new, light-based methodologies, such as FLIM and hyperspectral microscopy. Combinations of these technologies, in particular combining new imaging systems with AI, will lead to very accurate NQEAP predictive tools, improving embryo selection and recipient pregnancy success. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Dunning, Kylie/0000-0002-0462-6479; McLennan, Hanna/0000-0002-2058-2488 SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 150 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.061 UT WOS:000533539400036 PM 32088032 ER PT J AU Schierhorn, F Hofmann, M Adrian, I Bobojonov, I Muller, D AF Schierhorn, Florian Hofmann, Max Adrian, Inken Bobojonov, Ihtiyor Mueller, Daniel TI Spatially varying impacts of climate change on wheat and barley yields in Kazakhstan SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Climate change has compromised global cereal production, particularly in semiarid regions where small changes in rainfall and temperature or excessive heat can have large effects on crop productivity. Central Asia is particularly vulnerable to climate change, but the understanding of the impacts of climate change on yields is incomplete for this region. We used fixed-effect panel regressions to quantify the impacts of climate trends on wheat and barley yields from 1980 to 2015 in the northern part of Kazakhstan, which is a globally important cereal-producing region. Our results suggest large spatial variations in the impacts of climate change on yields. Compared with the counterfactual situation without climate trends, the observed changes in climate reduced wheat and barley yields by 1.9% and 4.8%, respectively, in the primary cereal-producing region in the west of the study area. These negative impacts were partly compensated for by positive effects in the eastern part of the study region. Extreme heat events had little impact on wheat and barley yields. Suitable adaptation strategies include switching to more drought-resistant crops or to extensive livestock production in areas where climate change has negatively affected crop yields, and the expansion of cereal production in areas that have benefited from climate change. OI Muller, Daniel/0000-0001-8988-0718 SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD JUL PY 2020 VL 178 AR 104164 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104164 UT WOS:000533505200015 ER PT J AU Schwieger, DAM Mbidzo, M AF Schwieger, Diego A. Menestrey Mbidzo, Meed TI Socio-historical and structural factors linked to land degradation and desertification in Namibia's former Herero 'homelands' SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Accounts of land degradation and desertification in Namibian communal rangelands have seldom illustrated the broader historical context and structural frameworks within which these social-ecological processes have emerged. This paper aims to address this gap, and argues that it is necessary to take into account past state interventions and policies so as to thoroughly understand the drivers of land degradation problems in these parts of the country. Taking the case of Herero pastoralism as an example, the paper shows how a pre-colonial pastoral system keeping overgrazing at bay, but was radically transformed by the colonial state, and illustrates how current land degradation problems in the former Herero 'homelands' are intrinsically linked to past colonial interventions and policies. The analysis shows, however, that despite the calamities of colonialism and its legacies, key rangeland management practices of Herero pastoralism have not entirely disappeared, thus maintaining livestock rearing in the region as a viable way of life. SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD JUL PY 2020 VL 178 AR 104151 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104151 UT WOS:000533505200014 ER PT J AU Dochwat, A Neumann, M Stadler, ES Venancio, BJ Silva, EPE Pontarolo, GB de Souza, AM Galbeiro, S Favaro, JL AF Dochwat, Andre Neumann, Mikael Stadler Junior, Edelmir Silvio Venancio, Bruno Jose Pereira e Silva, Emylli Pontarolo, Giovanna Bobato de Souza, Andre Martins Galbeiro, Sandra Favaro, Jorge Luis TI Production and nutritional quality of ryegrass forage grown in different population stands under successive cuts SO SEMINA-CIENCIAS AGRARIAS AB The Brazilian livestock activity is undergoing constant evolution, and aiming at its maximum efficiency, it is necessary to have available to the animals food in quantity and quality all the year. To this end, the cultivation of winter forage is carried out. The present study aimed to evaluate the productive and qualitative agronomic traits of ryegrass forage. The experiment was a randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of six treatments, three plant stands (525, 1050 and 2095 plants m(-2)) associated with two successive cutting times (vegetative and full vegetative), and four repetitions. There was no interaction between population stand and cutting times for the variables studied. The stand of 525 plants m(-2) had a higher participation of green leaves (50.52 %), higher digestibility of the whole plant dry matter (84.81 %) compared to the stands of 1.050 and 2.095 plants m(-2), and dry biomass production per unit area equivalent to the others (6087, 7243 and 6989 kg ha(-1), respectively). The first harvest season presented higher participation of green leaves and better leaf/stem ratio, 58.62 % and 3.41 % respectively, as well as higher digestibility of green leaves (77.26 %) and stem (80.82 %). RI ; Galbeiro, Sandra/P-4052-2014 OI Bobato Pontarolo, Giovanna/0000-0003-1889-6354; Galbeiro, Sandra/0000-0003-0524-615X; Venancio, Bruno Jose/0000-0002-5614-8229 SN 1676-546X EI 1679-0359 PD JUL-AUG PY 2020 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1291 EP 1306 DI 10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1291 UT WOS:000533538600017 ER PT J AU Saldarriaga-Saldarriaga, A Gonzalez-Herrera, LG Londono-Gil, M Florez, JCR Lopez-Herrera, A AF Saldarriaga-Saldarriaga, Alejandro Gabriel Gonzalez-Herrera, Luis Londono-Gil, Marisol Rincon Florez, Juan Carlos Lopez-Herrera, Albeiro TI Best linear model to explain variability in the growth in Blanco Orejinegro cattle and effect of the serological status for bovine viral diarrhea and bovine leukosis SO SEMINA-CIENCIAS AGRARIAS AB The cattle breed Blanco Orejinegro (BON) is an important animal genetic resource in Colombia that needs to be studied to identify its productive benefits for Colombian livestock. The aim of this work was to establish the best linear model that explains the variability for birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight, and estimate the effect of the serological status for Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) and Bovine Leukosis (BL) in BON cattle in Colombia. The information on animal weighings belonging to 14 BON cattle herds, was collected and cleansed. Using the least squares method, 12 linear models were evaluated including as fixed effects, factors such as herd, sex, weighing month, birth order, season (rainy or dry), birth year, and contemporary group (formed by the concatenation of the factors herd, sex, and birth year). The weighing age was included as a covariate for weaning and yearling weights. For the selection of a model that best describes each parameter, the criteria for choosing models, such as Akaike information criterion (AIC). Bayesian Information criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R-2), and the sum of squares of the error (SSE), were considered. The model that included the contemporary group showed the best fit, being also the best to describe the three parameters evaluated, since, of the four criteria considered for its evaluation, AIC and SSE showed the lowest values and the highest R-2. With this model, weight predictions with higher precision were able to be performed. Employing indirect ELISA screening tests of blood plasma, the serological status of each animal was estimated for BVD and BL viral infections. The serological status of these two viral infections was included in the best-fit model. There was no significant effect of the serological status on the parameters evaluated, so there are indications that animals that came in contact with the virus were not affected during growth. OI Lopez-Herrera, Albeiro/0000-0003-1444-3470; Londono-Gil, Marisol/0000-0001-6522-5567 SN 1676-546X EI 1679-0359 PD JUL-AUG PY 2020 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1385 EP 1398 DI 10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1385 UT WOS:000533538600024 ER PT J AU Fanchone, A Alexandre, G Chia, E Diman, JL Ozier-Lafontaine, H Angeon, V AF Fanchone, Audrey Alexandre, Gisele Chia, Eduardo Diman, Jean-Louis Ozier-Lafontaine, Harry Angeon, Valerie TI A typology to understand the diversity of strategies of implementation of agroecological practices in the French West Indies SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AB Managing the transition from conventional agriculture to agroecology needs to account for the diversity of farming systems. Here we evaluate whether indicators based on agrodiversity and implementation of agroecological practices can discriminate types of farms with different trajectories in the context of the agroecological transition. The indicators tested were coupled with production factor, performance and strategy variables to better target their need for innovation. We propose a composite indicator that captures the main agroecological practices implemented within the study area: the French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique. Data was collected from 215 farms selected on the basis of their production strategy and their diversity. Eight variables related to production factors (farm size, equipment number, total and family labor), performance (total gross margin per hectare), surface devoted to implementing agroecological practices (SAEP), diversity (number of species produced), and local context integration (proportion of affiliation to professional organizations) were used to perform correlation and multivariate analyses (PCA and cluster analysis). The two PCAs (one with and one without SAEP included in the analysis) grouped agroecological practices, diversity, family labor and gross margin per hectare variables and opposed them against production-factor variables (farm size, total labor, and equipment number). Five farm clusters were identified when including the agroecological practices indicator in the analysis, i.e., 1) small diversified family farms, 2) medium-sized diversified family farms, 3) medium-sized diversified entrepreneurial farms, 4) medium-sized specialized entrepreneurial farms, and 5) large specialized entrepreneurial farms, and these clusters showed different degrees of agroecological and diversity practice implementation. Two extreme strategies of agroecological improvement were identified between large farms with high levels of production factors mainly oriented toward a light transition based on perpetuating existing agricultural models, and small family farms with high levels of diversification that already implement agroecological practices. Limits of this new composite indicator are discussed, and avenues for improvement are proposed. SN 1161-0301 EI 1873-7331 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 117 AR 126058 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2020.126058 UT WOS:000532043200001 ER PT J AU Li, R Zhang, ZX Tang, W Huang, YF Coulter, JA Nan, ZB AF Li, Rui Zhang, Zhixin Tang, Wei Huang, Yafeng Coulter, Jeffrey A. Nan, Zhibiao TI Common vetch cultivars improve yield of oat row intercropping on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau by optimizing photosynthetic performance SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AB Sustainable development of livestock production is challenged by the shortage of forage resources on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP). Common vetch-oat intercropping is used on the QTP and in other alpine regions to obtain substantial forage yield, but few common vetch cultivars have been evaluated in intercropping systems. A three-year field experiment in the eastern QTP was carried out to compare plant growth, photosynthetic rate (Pn), radiation use efficiency (RUE), aboveground biomass, land equivalent ratio (LER), and competition ratio of oat row intercropping with three new common vetch cultivars (Lanjian No. 1, Lanjian No. 2, Lanjian No. 3) under low-input conditions. Compared to sole cropping at seed densities of 141 and 667 plants m(-2), for common vetches and oats, respectively, alternate row intercropping with each species at half these densities significantly increased the Pn (by 15-19%) of oat, and reduced the Pn (by 12-26%) of common vetch. Moreover, row intercropping significantly increased intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and RUE (by 44%) for oat but significantly decreased these for common vetch (by 34%). Among common vetch cultivars, at both flowering and maturity stages, Lanjian No. 2 (1.21, 1.15) and Lanjian No. 3 (1.27, 1.21) had greater LER than the latermaturing Lanjian No. 1 (1.07, 1.01) when intercropped. Oat row intercropping with Lanjian No. 2 and Lanjian No. 3 increased forage production compared to sole cropping oat or common vetch on the QTP. These findings provide scientific support for common vetch-oat intercropping as a sustainable approach to increasing forage production from cropland in alpine regions. OI Tang, Wei/0000-0002-4942-6390; Coulter, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4609-4551 SN 1161-0301 EI 1873-7331 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 117 AR 126088 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2020.126088 UT WOS:000532043200002 ER PT J AU Kang, DW Zhao, ZJ Chen, XY Wang, XR Li, JQ AF Kang, Dongwei Zhao, Zhijiang Chen, Xiaoyu Wang, Xiaorong Li, Junqing TI Characteristics and impacts of solid waste on giant panda habitat in Wanglang Nature Reserve SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Systematic research on solid waste pollution in giant panda habitat is lacking. To fill in this gap in the literature, a survey for solid waste was conducted in Wanglang Nature Reserve in July and August of 2018 and 2019. A total of 16 transects, 16 giant panda habitat plots, 16 livestock habitat plots, and 16 common habitat plots were surveyed. We analyzed the type and distribution of solid waste and the possible impacts of typical solid waste. Results showed that 133 solid waste samples from the five categories (livestock feces, plastic waste, metal waste, construction waste, and paper waste) were detected. Livestock feces accounted for the highest proportion of solid waste at 82.7%, while the remaining types of waste accounted for only 17.3% of the solid waste observed. Livestock feces were distributed relatively evenly within 400 m from roads, while 69.6% of non-livestock fecal waste were distributed 0-100 m away from roads. Giant panda habitat and common habitat (shared by giant pandas and livestock) did not significantly differ in habitat characteristics, but livestock habitat was significantly different from them in the number of trees and the height of bamboo. Specifically, livestock habitat had more trees and shorter bamboo. Based on the short bamboo located in livestock habitat, we predicted that bamboo in the common habitat has a high probability of being damaged by livestock. To limit solid waste pollution, livestock should be forbidden from entering giant panda habitat. In addition, tourism and infrastructure construction activities should be strictly controlled. To ensure the effectiveness of conservation, the needs and possible contributions of residents in surrounding communities should be taken into account in the giant panda conservation plan, and routine monitoring of solid waste should be performed. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 724 AR 138210 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138210 UT WOS:000532695900011 PM 32240861 ER PT J AU Vilarrasa-Nogue, M Teira-Esmatges, MR Gonzalez-Llinas, E Domingo-Olive, F Villar, JM AF Vilarrasa-Nogue, M. Teira-Esmatges, M. R. Gonzalez-Llinas, E. Domingo-Olive, F. Villar, J. M. TI Ammonia volatilisation from pig slurry and ANS with DMPP applied to Westerwold ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., cv. Trinova) under Mediterranean conditions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Ammonia volatilisation from agriculture represents an important nitrogen (N) loss which has both environmental and economic impacts. In regions where large amounts of manures are available, there is a need to find appropriate management strategies that help to reuse them without increasing ammonia volatilisation. A study was made of the effect on ammonia volatilisation and yield of fertilising ryegrass with pig slurry (PS) and ammonium nitrosulphate (ANS-26) alone and with the 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) nitrification inhibitor added to them. The study was conducted under Mediterranean conditions at two different sites. The treatments (control, PS, PS + DMPP, ANS-26 and ENTEC(R)) were established in a randomised block design with three replicates. Ammonia was sampled daily after each fertilisation using semi-static volatilisation chambers. We hypothesised that PS could replace mineral fertiliser without substantially increasing ammonia volatilisation in the studied systems. Temperature positively correlated with ammonia emissions. On the whole, during the two years of the study, the PS treatments presented higher average cumulative ammonia volatilisation (25% of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) applied at Site 1; 21% of TAN applied at Site 2) than the mineral ones (11% of TAN applied at Site 1; 10% of TAN applied at Site 2). At pre-sowing, ammonia volatilisation was significantly (p < .05) lower (51% at Site 1; 55% at Site 2) than after ryegrass cuts due to burying PS immediately after application. Overall, applying DMPP had no effect on ammonia volatilisation. There were no significant differences in average yield (from 13.7 to 15.8 kg ha(-1) at Site 1; from 11.6 to 13.5 kg ha(-1) at Site 2) between the fertilised treatments, though ENTEC(R) tended to increase it. Applying PS (pre-sowing fertilisation) in combination with mineral N or processed PS fractions after ryegrass cuts could be an interesting option for the recycling of this livestock by-product without increasing ammonia volatilisation while maintaining yields. RI Villar Mir, Josep M./R-3617-2018 OI Villar Mir, Josep M./0000-0002-1068-8879 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 724 AR 137918 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137918 UT WOS:000532689400005 PM 32408419 ER PT J AU Gu, FW Liu, HC AF Gu, Fangwei Liu, Haichao TI Hydroxyl radicals-mediated oxidative cleavage of the glycosidic bond in cellobiose by copper catalysts and its application to low-temperature depolymerization of cellulose SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS AB As the most abundant source of biomass in nature for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals, efficient depolymerization of cellulose under mild conditions, due to the difficulty in selective cleavage of its beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds, still remains challenging. Here, we report a novel method for oxidative cleavage of the glycosidic bonds by free radicals. Probed by the cellobiose reaction, it was found that center dot OH radicals, generated from the decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by CuSO4 or CuO/SiO2, were efficient for selective conversion of cellobiose to glucose and gluconic acid at a low temperature of 333 K, and their selectivities reached 30.0% and 34.6%, respectively, at 23.4% cellobiose conversion. Other radicals, such as center dot SO4-, also exhibited high efficacy in the cellobiose reaction. Mechanistic studies suggest that the oxidative cleavage of the beta-1,4-glycosidic bond by the free radicals involve formation of the carbon radical intermediate via abstraction of the H atom dominantly at the Cl position. Following this oxidative mechanism, treatment of microcrystalline cellulose with center dot OH by impregnation with H2O2 and CuSO4 catalyst at 343 K led to significant enhancement in its hydrolysis efficiency. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new method in the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds, and its viability for the efficient depolymerization of cellulose at low temperatures, which can be further improved, for example, by exploring new free radicals and optimizing their reactivity and selectivity. (C) 2020, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0253-9837 EI 1872-2067 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63569-0 UT WOS:000531428600007 ER PT J AU Heshmati, S Tonn, B Isselstein, J AF Heshmati, Sara Tonn, Bettina Isselstein, Johannes TI White clover population effects on the productivity and yield stability of mixtures with perennial ryegrass and chicory SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH AB Due to complementary resource use of the components, grass-clover mixtures are usually higher yielding compared to unfertilized pure grass stands. The number and identity of species in a mixture are known as important factors for the mixture's productivity. How intraspecific variability of component species affects the productivity of mixtures has received less attention. We established an experiment to investigate how and to what extent different populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) affect mixture performance. Eight novel populations of white clover and one variety of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) were grown as monocultures and in two- and three-species mixtures at two sites differing in soil fertility. Aboveground herbage was cut twice in the establishing year and four times in each of the three following years. The accumulated dry matter yield was calculated as the sum of the four annual dry matter yields. There was no significant interaction between white clover population and crop stand (i.e., white clover monoculture or mixtures with partner species) on dry matter yield accumulated over four years; the white clover population that performed well in monoculture also did so in mixtures. At both sites, the binary mixtures of white clover and chicory produced significantly higher dry matter yields than the white clover monocultures and other mixtures. Inclusion of chicory in mixtures significantly increased the stability of yield production as well. Site conditions strongly affected the performance of the forage species mixtures. We found that the benefit of mixtures over monocultures was more related to the identity of species in mixture than to the white clover population. SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 252 AR UNSP 107802 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107802 UT WOS:000531082600008 ER PT J AU Korzani, MG Held, S Kohl, T AF Korzani, Maziar Gholami Held, Sebastian Kohl, Thomas TI Numerical based filtering concept for feasibility evaluation and reservoir performance enhancement of hydrothermal doublet systems SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AB This paper aims to introduce a filtering concept for evaluation and optimization of the feasibility and energy productivity for hydrothermal doublet systems. It also provides an intensive parametric study for several constraining geological- and engineering-related parameters which are selected based on limited available data at an early stage of geothermal projects. A new code, called TIGER, is introduced for modelling coupled thermal-hydro processes in porous media. Two reservoir conditions are studied and compared: a) homogeneous and b) fractured reservoirs. The effects of different fracture orientations and configurations are considered. For feasible and sustainable production over 30 years in the case of the homogeneous reservoir, reservoir permeabilities >5 x 10(-14) m(2) and sufficient reservoir thickness are required. While reservoir thickness is directly proportional to reservoir performance, increasing reservoir permeability will after a certain threshold reduce reservoir performance due to thermal break-through. To improve reasonably fluid circulation, either a direct connection of wells via a common fracture or indirect connection through fractures network is necessary. However, fast thermal break-through is a common thread, especially for well distances <400 m and high transmissive fractures, and has to be considered during the design of reservoir operation. This study supplies several self-described and contour-style charts, as guidelines, for project developers and decision-makers to initially evaluate sustainable geothermal potentials in different projects. RI Kohl, Thomas/M-5704-2013 OI Kohl, Thomas/0000-0001-6982-6036 SN 0920-4105 EI 1873-4715 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 190 AR 106803 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106803 UT WOS:000531639500002 ER PT J AU Sadrossadat, E Basarir, H Luo, GH Karrech, A Durham, R Fourie, A Elchalakani, M AF Sadrossadat, Ehsan Basarir, Hakan Luo, Ganhua Karrech, Ali Durham, Richard Fourie, Andy Elchalakani, Mohamed TI Multi-objective mixture design of cemented paste backfill using particle swarm optimisation algorithm SO MINERALS ENGINEERING AB In order to achieve a successful cemented paste backfill (CPB) mixture design, multiple project requirements such as strength, flowability and cost should be met. For this achievement, the key design parameters, solid content (SD) and cement percentage (C), should be well adjusted. With increasing the amount of cement in the mixture, CPB strength and production cost increase together, whereas the workability decreases. In order to reduce the cost, more tailings can be added while keeping the cement amount the same but this will reduce both strength and workability. Therefore, CPB design is in fact a multi-objective optimisation problem. In this study, the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is used to design CPB mixture meeting multiple objectives. PSO identifies the optimum set of SD and C yielding in desired strength and workability with a minimum cost. The proposed workflow can be a useful and practical for multiple decision making where CPB designers face strength-workability-cog paradox. In addition to reducing the number of trial experiments, the multi objective mixture design of CPB also provides the optimum use of materials to reduce the incurred costs and ensure cleaner and more sustainable production. RI ; Basarir, Hakan/C-2237-2014; Fourie, Andy/H-9214-2014 OI Karrech, Ali/0000-0001-7013-319X; Basarir, Hakan/0000-0003-4556-4953; Fourie, Andy/0000-0001-7250-2104; Sadrossadat, Ehsan/0000-0002-7110-4363 SN 0892-6875 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 153 AR 106385 DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106385 UT WOS:000531078600011 ER PT J AU Travers, SK Eldridge, DJ Koen, TB Val, J Oliver, I AF Travers, Samantha K. Eldridge, David J. Koen, Terry B. Val, James Oliver, Ian TI Livestock and kangaroo grazing have little effect on biomass and fuel hazard in semi-arid woodlands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB Using livestock grazing as a tool to manage biomass and reduce fuel hazard has gained widespread popularity, but examples from across the globe demonstrate that it often yields mixed, context-dependent results. Grazing has potential to deliver practical solutions in systems where grazing reduces not only biomass but also reduces fuel hazard by altering vegetation connectivity or composition. We assessed the extent to which recent rainfall, rabbit and kangaroo grazing and recent and historic livestock grazing alters and accounts for variation in aboveground biomass, biomass composition and fuel hazard ratings across three broad communities in eastern Australia. We used nested linear models to assess biomass in three vertical vegetation strata, that matched the strata assessed in the Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment guide (i.e. litter/surface fuel; groundstorey vegetation/near surface fuel; and midstorey vegetation/elevated fuel) and Ordinal Logistic Regression to assess categorical fuel hazard ratings. Only recent kangaroo grazing reduced groundstorey biomass across all communities. Kangaroo grazing altered litter mass and significantly reduced surface fuel hazard in one community. Recent livestock grazing did not reduce fuel hazard, and despite significantly reducing half of our measures of biomass, these were not practical reductions. For instance, livestock grazing significantly reduced litter mass, however our model predicts that doubling our assessment of livestock grazing intensity only reduces total litter mass by 0.8%, or 8 kg per hectare in landscapes where average litter loads ranged from 3600 to 12,600 kg per hectare. Furthermore, long-term livestock grazing increased shrub biomass and in one community this increased elevated fuel hazard. There were few effects of rabbits. The effects of rainfall on biomass were up to an order of magnitude greater than any effects due to grazing, despite sampling during relatively average rainfall conditions. Our data suggest that management practices that seek to use livestock grazing to reduce biomass or its connectivity in these systems will not achieve practical reductions in biomass and or fuel hazard. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 467 AR 118165 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118165 UT WOS:000530640500008 ER PT J AU Gu, YR Shen, SZ Han, BJ Tian, XL Yang, FX Zhang, KQ AF Gu, Yanru Shen, Shizhou Han, Bingjun Tian, Xueli Yang, Fengxia Zhang, Keqiang TI Family livestock waste: An ignored pollutant resource of antibiotic resistance genes SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AB The random discharge of livestock waste from family farms without utilization and treatment has caused great pressure on the rural ecological environment and gravely increased the environmental pollution. In this study, we targeted 26 family livestock farms to assess the occurrence characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock waste and its receiving farmland environment in Erhai Lake basin of China by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that various common ARGs and some high-risk ARGs (i.e., bla(ampC), bla(OXA-1) and bla(TEM-1)) were prevalent in family livestock waste, and the pollution of tetracycline resistance genes was the most serious in these family livestock farms. Meanwhile, we also found that the ARG levels were higher in family chicken farms than that in pig and cattle farms, and ARGs pollution in layer waste and sow waste was more severe than that in broiler waste and piglet/fattening pig waste, respectively. Troublesomely, significant ARGs levels could be discharged via manure application, further causing the increase of ARGs abundance in soil environment (approximately 11-36 times). This study demonstrated the high prevalence and severity of ARGs contamination in family livestock farms, also emphasizing that family livestock waste was a non-ignored important pollutant resource of ARGs in the environment. SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 197 AR 110567 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110567 UT WOS:000531094000026 PM 32289631 ER PT J AU Bai, L Deng, Y Li, J Ji, MM Ruan, WQ AF Bai, Ling Deng, Yun Li, Jing Ji, Mengmeng Ruan, Wenquan TI Role of the proportion of cattle manure and biogas residue on the degradation of lignocellulose and humification during composting SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 307 UT WOS:000528857700001 ER PT J AU Berauer, BJ Wilfahrt, PA Reu, B Schuchardt, MA Garcia-Franco, N Zistl-Schlingmann, M Dannenmann, M Kiese, R Kuhnel, A Jentsch, A AF Berauer, Bernd J. Wilfahrt, Peter A. Reu, Bjorn Schuchardt, Max A. Garcia-Franco, Noelia Zistl-Schlingmann, Marcus Dannenmann, Michael Kiese, Ralf Kuehnel, Anna Jentsch, Anke TI Predicting forage quality of species-rich pasture grasslands using vis-NIRS to reveal effects of management intensity and climate change SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB With a growing human population facing multiple global change drivers (i.e. climate change and land management change), the future of food security is of major importance. Sustainable agriculture is therefore key to ensure food supply and food security under future climatic conditions. Forage provision (composed of forage quantity and forage quality) is an important ecosystem service of grasslands for dairy production. However, monitoring forage quality in semi-natural species-rich grasslands is rarely done due to the inherent complexity in determining forage quality, high variability within natural systems and financial and workload restrictions. Here, we i) demonstrate the ability of visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIRS) to predict forage quality of bulk samples of species-rich montane pastures and ii) show its potential to reveal effects of two key global change drivers, climate change and land management, on forage quality. Spectral information and chemometrics allowed us to predict three (ash, fat and protein) out of four analyzed forage quality parameters with high accuracy. Land management intensity strongly influenced species-rich grasslands' protein and fat content, whereas altered climatic conditions influenced ash and fat content. High management intensity increased protein content of high- and mid-elevation pastures by 22 % and 30 % and fat content by 19 % and 20 % respectively. Though forage quality was improved by intensive land management, extensive land management generally revealed sufficient forage quality for livestock. Vis-NIRS provides a rapid, cost-efficient and high-throughput technique to analyze forage quality, revealing effects of global change drivers on forage quality of grasslands. This approach will help to support stakeholders assure optimal nutrition feeding of livestock and achieve steps towards sustainable agriculture. OI Berauer, Bernd Josef/0000-0002-9472-1532 SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 296 AR UNSP 106929 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106929 UT WOS:000527601600009 ER PT J AU Davey, AJH Bailey, L Bewes, V Mubaiwa, A Hall, J Burgess, C Dunbar, MJ Smith, PD Rambohul, J AF Davey, Andrew J. H. Bailey, Letitia Bewes, Victoria Mubaiwa, Arthur Hall, Juliette Burgess, Christopher Dunbar, Michael J. Smith, Philip D. Rambohul, Justin TI Water quality benefits from an advice-led approach to reducing water pollution from agriculture in England SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB The adverse impacts of agriculture on water quality have been well documented and the practical measures required to mitigate excessive losses of nutrients and fine sediment have been demonstrated to be effective at plot to field scales. Evaluating the long-term, cumulative impact of measures is challenging, however, and the evidence for tangible water quality benefits at a catchment scale is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF) partnership, a voluntary pollution reduction scheme in England that between 2006 and 2018 provided advice to 19,776 farm holdings covering 34 % of the total farmed area in England. Water quality data from 110 river monitoring sites in catchments ranging from 11 km(2) to 2276 km(2) was analysed using statistical regression models to compare pollutant concentration trends among sites that varied in the amount and timing of upstream pollution reduction activity. Additional covariates were included to control for potentially confounding changes in pollution pressure caused by: (i) background changes in cropping patterns and livestock numbers, (ii) the uptake of land management measures delivered via other policy mechanisms, and (iii) seasonal and weather-driven variation in water quality. After delivering advice to farmers, there was a delay of at least two years before mitigation measures elicited a detectable improvement in suspended solids (SS) and orthophosphate (OP) at downstream monitoring sites. Across all sites, the percentage reduction in SS concentration was 28 % of the modelled percentage reduction in fine sediment load. The strength of response was site-specific and changes in SS concentration varied from + 12 % to -33 %. In absolute terms, CSF was estimated to have reduced the mean SS concentration at sites in target catchments by an average of 4.4 %. Mean OP concentrations in target catchments decreased by an average of 13.0 % (95 % confidence interval 3.7-22.4%) but the overall strength of the water quality response to unit reductions in phosphorus loading was uncertain. CSF measures reduced nitrogen loading by 5 % in target catchments, but there was no evidence that mean concentrations of total oxidised nitrogen (TON) decreased, probably due to the complex and site-specific time lags involved. The combination of pollution load modelling and statistical water quality modelling used in this study provides a framework for testing and quantifying the effectiveness of land management interventions, individually and in combination, but also highlights the importance of establishing a clear counterfactual and accounting for spatially-variable, lagged responses. SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD JUL 1 PY 2020 VL 296 AR UNSP 106925 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106925 UT WOS:000527601600004 ER PT J AU Ortuzar, JE Dogan, OB Sotomayor, G Jimenez, C Clarke, J Flores, RA Gray, GM Rupnow, JH Wang, B AF Ortuzar, Juan E. Dogan, Onay B. Sotomayor, Gustavo Jimenez, Constanza Clarke, Jennifer Flores, Rolando A. Gray, George M. Rupnow, John H. Wang, Bing TI Quantitative assessment of microbial quality and safety risk: A preliminary case study of strengthening raspberry supply system in Chile SO FOOD CONTROL AB National governments are moving to integrate risk analysis frameworks into food safety management systems at the country level. However, this process is less advanced in developing countries. In this context, the Chilean Livestock and Agriculture Service (SAG), Food Quality and Safety Agency (ACHIPIA) and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) collaborated on a project to control generic Escherichia coli. and Hepatitis A virus (HAV) contamination in both fresh and frozen raspberry products destined for export. The objectives of this study were to 1) identify along the raspberry supply chain the most influential factors of E. coli. and HAV contamination in the final products; and 2) evaluate the efficacies of possible interventions to control these influential factors. To achieve these objectives, a unified quantitative model of microbial contamination in raspberries was developed to describe the impact of factors in a continuum from the farm to the destination of importation on E. coli/HAV contamination in fresh and frozen raspberry products. Multiple surveys were conducted to obtain country-specific data on current common practices of producing and processing raspberries in Chile for inputs into the simulation model. The model estimated mean bacterial loads of -1.64 and - 5.46 logCFU/g for E. coli. and mean viral loads of -6.45 and -6.51 logPDU/g for HAV in fresh and frozen raspberries, respectively. Sensitivity and scenario analyses indicated that reduction of E. coli. contamination in the end products can be effectively achieved by improving the quality of water used for pesticide application, as well as by controlling the transport and storage time and temperature along raspberries supply chain. By contrast, to control HAV contamination in the end products, efforts should be focused on improving the hygiene practices of berry handlers on the farm and at the packing plant. This project provides straightforward recommendations for Chilean food safety authorities to effectively prioritize their financial and human resources to proactively prevent microbial contamination in raspberries. Moreover, this project provide a framework that can be extended to other countries to promote capability building for applying risk-based food safety management systems for public health protection. SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 113 AR 107166 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107166 UT WOS:000525322400036 ER PT J AU Tan, ETT Ng, JC Al Jassim, R D'Arcy, BR Netzel, G Fletcher, MT AF Tan, Eddie T. T. Ng, Jack C. Al Jassim, Rafat D'Arcy, Bruce R. Netzel, Gabriele Fletcher, Mary T. TI Emerging food safety risk of hepatotoxic indospicine in feral Australian camel meat SO FOOD CONTROL AB Indospicine is a hepatotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid that has only been found in Indigofera plants including a number of species abundant in central Australia. These legumes are palatable to feral camels and indospicine residues derived from these plants accumulates in camel meat tissue. Indospicine-contaminated camel meat has caused liver disease and mortalities in dogs after a short period of dietary exposure. Since camel meat is also exported for human consumption, this raises concern about the human health risks of consuming indospicine-contaminated camel meat harvested from central Australia. The objective of this study was to assess the indospicine levels in camel meat and its associated potential health risk to the Australian population and the vulnerable sub-population of indigenous Australians from the consumption of such feral camel meat. Two main quantitative probabilistic exposure assessments were conducted through the use of Monte Carlo simulations. The first exposure assessment considered the indospicine concentrations in real-field camel meat samples. The second assessment was based on a simulated probabilistic distribution of indospicine residues in camel meat, involving eight (8) predictive factors that were derived from our published research data and other secondary sources. The first assessment predicted that the estimated risk of developing indospicine induced hepatotoxicosis from contaminated camel meat consumption was 800 per 10 000 of the average Australian population (8.0%), and higher for the indigenous Australians (10.0%). The second exposure assessment demonstrated there was a higher risk ( > 31%) for the whole Australian population and for the indigenous Australian population. In conclusion, this risk assessment study shows that, while there is a low risk amongst Australians of hepatotoxicosis being associated with the consumption of indospicine-contaminated camel meat, such consumption is still a cause for concern, since the assessment based on the simulated probabilistic distribution of indospicine concentrations in camel meat demonstrated a substantially higher risk. It is therefore advisable that an indospicine residue monitoring program should be implemented to ensure food safety of Australian camel meat. Additionally, the risk of dietary indospicine exposure from other livestock grazing Indigofera in all global regions should also be considered. SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 113 AR 107205 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107205 UT WOS:000525322400011 ER PT J AU Maguire, VG Bordenave, CD Nieva, AS Llames, ME Colavolpe, MB Garriz, A Ruiz, OA AF Maguire, Vanina G. Bordenave, Cesar D. Nieva, Amira S. Llames, Maria E. Colavolpe, Maria B. Garriz, Andres Ruiz, Oscar A. TI Soil bacterial and fungal community structure of a rice monoculture and rice-pasture rotation systems SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY AB Rice monoculture has been the main rice-cropping system for several years. Rice-pasture rotation system has raised in recent years as an alternative, as this practice not only increases rice yield but also adds value through the use of implanted pastures, livestock production and diversification of the system. To evaluate the impact on soil microbial diversity, we used Illumina Mi-Seq sequencing technology and phylogenetic structure analysis to study the bacterial and fungal soil communities in these two rice-cropping systems within a rice-production region of Entre Rios province, Argentina. We detected over 11,000 and 3000 bacterial and fungal OTUs, respectively. Among them, members of the Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Ascomycota fungi phyla were the most abundant. None of the bacterial and fungal OTU differed significantly in composition between systems. In addition, microbial community diversity did not differ between rice-cropping systems, even though we found they were phylogenetically structured by a non-random pattern, mainly, due to environmental selection. In addition, the environmental variables explaining the differences between rice-cropping systems were pH, as well as the abundance of organic and inorganic elements. The results suggest that the rice-cropping system may be one of various factors influencing these observations, with a certain degree of relevance, in conjunction with other environmental variables that are not controlled but considered in this analysis. SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 151 AR 103535 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103535 UT WOS:000523298300011 ER PT J AU Poleti, MD Regitano, LCA Souza, GHMF Cesar, ASM Simas, RC Silva-Vignato, B Montenegro, H Pertille, F Balieiro, JCC Cameron, LC Eler, JP Coutinho, LL AF Poleti, Mirele D. Regitano, Luciana C. A. Souza, Gustavo H. M. F. Cesar, Aline S. M. Simas, Rosineide C. Silva-Vignato, Barbara Montenegro, Horacio Pertille, Fabio Balieiro, Julio C. C. Cameron, Luiz C. Eler, Joanir P. Coutinho, Luiz L. TI Proteome alterations associated with the oleic acid and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid content in bovine skeletal muscle SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS AB Oleic acid (OA) and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9t11-CLA) are fatty acids found in beef with beneficial effects in human health. This study investigated differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in skeletal muscle of bovines with extreme values of OA, and c9t11-CLA. For each one of the fatty acids, twenty muscle samples were divided into two groups (N = 10_High; N = 10_Low) and analyzed by high definition mass spectrometry. We identified 103 and 133 DAPs between the groups for each fatty acid. We found 64 and 45 up-regulated and 39 and 68 down-regulated proteins for OA and c9t11-CLA, respectively. Comparative analysis between proteomic and transcriptomic data revealed eight and ten genes with a consistent between mRNA expression levels and protein abundance for OA and c9t11-CLA, respectively. Unconventional myosin-Id (MYO1D), mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2), geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit-alpha (RABGGTA), and uveal autoantigen with coiled-coil domains and ankyrin repeats (UACA) were found as putative candidate proteins for OA content. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), tubulin alpha-4A chain (TUBA4A), vinculin (VCL), NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex 5 (NDUFA5), and prefoldin subunit 6 (PFDN6) for c9t11-CLA. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the regulation of the OA and c9t11-CLA content in cattle skeletal muscle. Significance: Questions about the association between meat intake and disease incidence in humans has driven animal scientist to pursue a better understanding of the biological processes associated with differences in the intramuscular fat composition. The beneficial effects of oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in human health have been demonstrated by improving the immune system and preventing atherosclerosis, different types of cancers, hypertension, and diabetes. Previous genome-wide association and gene expression studies identified genomic regions and differentially expressed genes associated with the fatty acid profile in skeletal muscle. In this work, differences were evaluated at the protein level. The use of a label-free quantitative proteomic approach, compared with muscle transcriptome results obtained by RNA-sequencing, allowed us to earn new in-sights into the variability in fatty acid deposition in skeletal muscle of farm animals. This study opens new avenues to explore the effect of the fatty acids in the skeletal muscle of livestock animals, which is associated with nutritional values of the meat, and perhaps to understand the mechanisms correlated with metabolic diseases in other species. RI Pertille, Fabio/L-2837-2016; Eler, Joanir/C-6762-2013; Montenegro, Horacio/B-8350-2012 OI Pertille, Fabio/0000-0002-7214-9184; Eler, Joanir/0000-0003-2939-4798; Montenegro, Horacio/0000-0002-8142-896X SN 1874-3919 EI 1876-7737 PD JUN 30 PY 2020 VL 222 AR 103792 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103792 UT WOS:000538943100010 PM 32335295 ER PT J AU Souza, CD Baldissera, MD Descovi, S Eslava-Mocha, PR Zeppenfeld, CC Gloria, EM Baldisserotto, B Da Silva, AS AF Souza, Carine de Freitas Baldissera, Matheus Dellamea Descovi, Sharine Eslava-Mocha, Pedro Rene Zeppenfeld, Carla C. Gloria, Eduardo M. Baldisserotto, Bernardo Da Silva, Aleksandro Schafer TI Tea tree oil attenuates cerebral damage in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fed with an aflatoxin-contaminated diet SO AQUACULTURE AB Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate foods and feeds, causing adverse health effects in humans and animals. From an economic standpoint, aflatoxins represent one of the most severe problems for the livestock and feed industries. Currently, natural supplements are used to prevent various fungal infections in farmed fish. The aim of the present study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with tea tree oil (TTO: Melaleuca alternifolia) would prevent or minimize the effects of aflatoxin (AFB) on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Four treatments were tested: control (without AFB); AFB (fish fed with a mycotoxin-contaminated diet - 1893 mu g/kg of AFB(1) and 52.2 mu g/ kg AFB(2)); TTO (fish fed with a control diet + 1 mL/kg of TTO), and TTO + AFB (fish fed with a mycotoxin contaminated diet - 2324 mu g/ kg of AFB(1) and 43.5 mu g/kg AFB(2) + 1 mL/kg of TTO). Treatments were tested in three replications and were analyzed at days 5 and 10 of dietary intake. Increased activities of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) using ADP as substrate and adenosine deaminase (ADA) were observed after 5 day-feeding with AFB(1) diet. Feed contaminated with AFB(1) caused an inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Aflatoxicosis caused severe gliosis and subarachnoid edema. The addition of TTO in AFB(1)-contaminated feed prevented the inhibition of AChE activity and increased ADA activity. TTO supplementation increased p2y11 receptor expression, most likely in an attempt to deal with inflammation caused by aflatoxicosis. TTO treatment ameliorated aflatoxin-associated brain tissue damage. These findings suggest that 'ITO supplementation reduces the effects of aflatoxicosis in silver catfish brain tissue because it prevents most changes caused by AFB(1)-contaminated diet. Overall, the results obtained in the present study suggest that TTO could be used as an aflatoxin-detoxifying agent in fish. RI Baldissera, Matheus Dellamea/D-8752-2017; Souza, 201190_ca/AAQ-1931-2020; Gloria, Eduardo/N-2898-2016 OI Baldissera, Matheus Dellamea/0000-0002-3280-8528; Gloria, Eduardo/0000-0003-0544-8632; ESLAVA-MOCHA, PEDRO RENE/0000-0001-7077-6857 SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 PD JUN 30 PY 2020 VL 523 AR 735223 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735223 UT WOS:000526415400066 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Wang, F Dong, ZJ Dong, XH Chi, J Chen, HG Zhao, QS Li, KB AF Zhang, Xincheng Wang, Fang Dong, Zhangji Dong, Xiaohua Chi, Jun Chen, Haigang Zhao, Qingshun Li, Kaibin TI A new strain of yellow catfish carrying genome edited myostatin alleles exhibits double muscling phenotype with hyperplasia SO AQUACULTURE AB The yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) is an important commercial freshwater aquaculture species in China. To generate a new strain of yellow catfish featured with good production traits, we knocked out mstna, an orthologue of mammalian myostatin gene (Mstn) encoding a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth, using zinc finger nucleases. Similar to livestock carrying mutated Mstn, the genome-edited-msma yellow catfish grew and bred normally, and both the male and female homozygous mutants displayed double muscling phenotype with two obvious muscle mass sticking out between head and dorsal fin when they reached 1-month-old and become more obvious with growth. The body weight of mstna null yellow catfish was heavier than (1.27- to 1.37-fold of) their wild-type siblings at 80 dpf (days post fertilization) and 210 dpf, respectively. Histological analysis revealed that the mstna knockout yellow catfish had increasing muscle fiber number but decreasing muscle fiber size in the skeletal muscle. Our results demonstrated that genome editing technology is a good choice for us to breed a new strain of yellow catfish with accelerated growth and more muscle mass. SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 PD JUN 30 PY 2020 VL 523 AR 735187 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735187 UT WOS:000526415400036 ER PT J AU Han, Z Han, C Yang, C AF Han, Zhen Han, Cheng Yang, Chun TI Spatial econometric analysis of environmental total factor productivity of ranimal husbandry and its influencing factors in China during 2001-2017 SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Pollution discharge from animal husbandry deteriorates the environment and is of global concern. In this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to indirectly estimate the pollution discharge of livestock and poultry breeding in terms of sustainable development in China. Land, biogas, and grassland were included as input indexes, and the inverted values of indexes of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus produced by pigs, dairy cattle, beef cattle, poultry, and sheep were included as output indexes. Based on the DEA model with variable returns to scale, the "pollution intensity index of livestock and poultry breeding" was estimated using the principle of output maximization. This study focused on livestock and poultry farming pollution emissions, and the slack-based measure directional distance and metafrontier efficiency functions were used to measure the environmental total factor productivity (ETFP) of animal husbandry in each province and six major animal husbandry production regions of China during 2001-2017. Additionally, a spatial econometric model was employed to analyze the factors affecting animal husbandry ETFP. The results show that the mean value of animal husbandry ETFP was higher than that of conventional total factor productivity. The driver of increased animal husbandry ETFP was technological progress. Overall, China's animal husbandry was developing sustainably, and there was little scope for group technology to catch up. According to an empirical analysis of influencing factors, farmers' improved per capita income level and environmental governance helped to increase animal husbandry ETFP. Furthermore, various measures to improve animal husbandry ETFP in China according to local conditions are needed. Finally, animal husbandry should continue to develop sustainably, using environmental regulations that continuously exert the "Porter Effect." (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI HAN, ZHEN/0000-0001-6164-9944 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 25 PY 2020 VL 723 AR 137726 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137726 UT WOS:000535463800020 PM 32213419 ER PT J AU Pitarch, A Gil, C Blanco, G AF Pitarch, Aida Gil, Concha Blanco, Guillermo TI Vultures from different trophic guilds show distinct oral pathogenic yeast signatures and co-occurrence networks SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Vultures have evolved adaptive mechanisms to prevent infections associated with their scavenging lifestyle. However, food-borne exposure to antimicrobial pharmaceuticals can promote opportunistic infections with adverse outcomes. Here, we used multivariate and network analyses to increase understanding of the behavior of the yeast communities causing oral mycosis outbreaks recently reported in wild nestling cinereous (Aegypius monachus), griffon (Gypsfulvus) and Egyptian (Neophron percnopterus) vultures (CV, CV and EV, respectively) exposed to antibiotics from livestock farming. Common and unique yeast signatures (of Candida, Debaromyces, Diutina, Meyerozyma, Naganishia, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Trichosporon and Yarrowia species) associated with oral mycoses were identified in the three vulture species. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that oral lesions from CV and GV shared similar yeast signatures (of major causative pathogens of opportunistic mycoses, such as Candida albicans, Candida parcipsitosis and Candida tropicalis), while EV had a distinct yeast signature (of uncommon pathogenic species, such as Candida dubliniensis, Candida zeylanoides, Pichia fermentans and Rhodotorula spp.). Synergistic interactions between yeast species from distinct fungal phyla were found in lesions from CV and GV, but not in EV. These formed co-occurrence subnetworks with partially or fully connected topology. This study reveals that the composition, assembly and co-occurrence patterns of the yeast communities causing oral mycoses differ between vulture species with distinct feeding habits and scavenging lifestyles. Yeast species widely pathogenic to humans and animals, and yeast co-occurrence relationships, are distinctive hallmarks of oral mycoses in CV and GV. These vulture species are more exposed to antibiotics from intensively medicated livestock carcasses provided in supplementary feeding stations and show higher incidence of thrush-like oral lesions than EV. These findings may be useful for development of new initiatives or changes in the conservation of these avian scavengers affected by anthropogenic activities. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI ; Blanco, Guillermo/L-3170-2014 OI Pitarch, Aida/0000-0002-3442-7876; Blanco, Guillermo/0000-0001-5742-4929 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 25 PY 2020 VL 723 AR 138166 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138166 UT WOS:000535463800008 PM 32224410 ER PT J AU Zhuang, MH Shan, N Wang, YC Caro, D Fleming, RM Wang, LG AF Zhuang, Minghao Shan, Nan Wang, Yingchun Caro, Dario Fleming, Rachael Marie Wang, Ligang TI Different characteristics of greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from conventional stored dairy cattle and swine manure in China SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Livestock manure emits considerable amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3), inducing climate change and air pollution. However, there remains a lack of knowledge in the literature related to GHGs and NH3 emissions from the manure of various livestock species. This study reports on a field observation we conducted to analyze GHGs and NH3 emissions of solid stored manure from dairy cattle and swine, which represent the two main livestock species raised in China. Results showed that although dairy cattle manure emitted 521.9% more methane (CH4) than swine manure, they separately emitted 50.8% and 40.9% less nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, respectively. With respect to their global warming potential, the GHGs emission from dairy cattle manure was similar to that from swine manure. NH3 emissions from swine manure were significantly higher, namely, greater by a factor of 2.4 compared to dairy cattle manure. Differences in gas emissions between dairy cattle and swine manure can be explained by differences in the physicochemical characteristics of their manure and their associated microbiological, chemical, and physical processes that produce gas during storage periods. Based on our results, this study highlights the necessity for prospective mitigation strategies to simultaneously decrease GHGs and NH3 emissions from livestock manure. Our findings provide useful implications for understanding GHGs and NH3 emissions, which can be used to develop corresponding mitigation strategies for livestock manure management in China. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 20 PY 2020 VL 722 AR 137693 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137693 UT WOS:000535472600013 PM 32192975 ER PT J AU Kinley, RD Martinez-Fernandez, G Matthews, MK de Nys, R Magnusson, M Tomkins, NW AF Kinley, Robert D. Martinez-Fernandez, Gonzalo Matthews, Melissa K. de Nys, Rocky Magnusson, Marie Tomkins, Nigel W. TI Mitigating the carbon footprint and improving productivity of ruminant livestock agriculture using a red seaweed SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Ruminants are responsible for a large proportion of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in the form of methane. This can be managed. It is a global initiative to increase productivity of the livestock sector to meet a growing population, but with emphasis on decreasing enteric methane to achieve emissions targets. We investigated the marine red macroalga (seaweed) Asparagopsis taxiformis as a feed ingredient to fundamentally eliminate enteric methane in beef cattle fed a high grain diet and provide evidence of improved livestock production performance. Asparagopsis was included in the feed of Brahman-Angus cross steers at 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20% of feed organic matter. Emissions were monitored in respiration chambers fortnightly over 90 d of treatment, steers were weighed weekly prior to feeding, feed intake monitored daily, rumen fluid samples collected in conjunction with respiration chambers for assessment of rumen function, feces were collected for bromoform residue analysis, and meat, organ, and fat were collected post slaughter for residue analysis and sensory evaluation. Steers receiving 0.10% and 0.20% Asparagopsis demonstrated decreased methane up to 40% and 98%, and demonstrated weight gain improvements of 53% and 42%, respectively. There was no negative effect on daily feed intake, feed conversion efficiencies, or rumen function, and no residues or changes in meat eating quality were detected. Commercial production of Asparagopsis could create new economies, and with low inclusion rates of this seaweed in ruminant diets the industry has the potential to revolutionize management of greenhouse gas emissions across the ruminant livestock sector with complementary benefits to the environment, and economy of the wider agriculture sector. (C) 2020 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 20 PY 2020 VL 259 AR 120836 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120836 UT WOS:000530395400009 ER PT J AU Luo, ZB Lam, SK Hu, SY Chen, DL AF Luo, Zhibo Lam, Shu Kee Hu, Shanying Chen, Deli TI From generation to treatment: A systematic reactive nitrogen flow assessment of solid waste in China SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB The continuously increasing amount of solid waste (SW) that is being generated in China calls for environmental assessment and management strategies. However, the pattern and magnitude of the reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss associated with SW have received negligible attention. Here, we established a systematic Nr flow assessment of the generation, treatment and emissions of SW in China from 1978 to 2015. The Nr flow of SW increased by 87% during this period, with the livestock sector being the largest contributor. Composting and animal feed were the two main methods of SW treatment, accounting for more than half, whereas the two fastest growing treatments were remanufacturing and sewage treatment, which increased 13- and 62-fold, respectively. Each SW treatment method would inevitably lead to Nr emissions. Our results showed that the total Nr emissions from SW treatment increased from 8.7 Tg N yr(-1) in 1978 to 18.6 Tg N yr(-1) in 2015. The development of sustainable SW management requires considering both economic and environmental impacts. We use an optimization model (Solid Waste Optimization Life-Cycle Framework) and provide evidence that recycling SW resources will be an option for economic and environmental trade-offs. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. RI Lam, Shu Kee/B-8321-2019 SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 20 PY 2020 VL 259 AR 121127 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121127 UT WOS:000530396500002 ER PT J AU Yan, HZ Kabongo, DB Yan, ZJ Han, FL Chen, Z AF Yan, Hongzhi Kabongo, Djo Bakadiasa Yan, Zhaojun Han, Fenglin Chen, Zhi TI Sustainable production of high-uniformity workpiece surface quality in wire electrical discharge machining by fabricating surface microstructure on wire electrode SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB When the traditional wire electrode is used in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), the workpiece surface quality along thickness direction is always nonuniform which has a significant impact to the usability and reliability of workpiece. To address this issue, this paper aims to propose a new method of fabricating surface microstructure on wire electrode (SMWE) for sustainable production of high-uniformity workpiece surface quality. Firstly, an experimental research of workpiece surface quality uniformity is implemented when zinc coated wire electrode (ZCWE) is used. It can be found that the surface roughness (Ra) and surface quality on the middle area are the worst followed by the top area and bottom area. The uniformity of Ra can be up to 0.44. Additionally, the production process of SMWE is described which includes casting, coating, annealing and plastic processing. The forming mechanism of surface microstructure on wire electrode is based on the thermal expansion coefficient of coating layer is lower than that of wire core. And then, compared with ZCWE, the improvements of SMWE on the discharge characteristic and workpiece surface quality uniformity are analyzed. It can be obtained that SWEM can increase the probability of point discharge and the ratio of normal discharge status. Besides, SMWE can reduce the mean value of surface roughness by 17.3%-22.2% and increase the uniformity of surface roughness by 9.5%-52.1%. Namely, the proposed SMWE for sustainable production of high-uniformity workpiece surface quality is feasible. Eventually, the effects of process parameters on the uniformity of surface roughness are also analyzed. It can be found that small discharge peak current, short pulse on time, long pulse off time, high gap reference voltage and appropriate wire speed are recommended for high-uniformity surface quality. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 20 PY 2020 VL 259 AR 120881 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120881 UT WOS:000530401700002 ER PT J AU Clay, N Yurco, K AF Clay, Nathan Yurco, Kayla TI Political ecology of milk: Contested futures of a lively food SO GEOGRAPHY COMPASS AB This article advances thinking on the political ecology of food and agriculture by reviewing research on milk and dairy. As increasingly contested foods, milk and dairy provide a window onto inter-linked social and environmental crises and attempts to solve them through adjustments to food production and consumption. We critically assess three trajectories of change (moremilk,bettermilk, andlessmilk) that are representative of broader efforts to fix social-environmental crises through food. Arguing that these efforts eschew systemic change, we discuss how ideas from food studies, agrarian political economy, and development studies can be united in a potentially transformative research agenda on the political ecology of milk (as well as other foods). We reflect on how concepts of justice, power, and care might inform a political ecology of food and agriculture that can help envision and enact more democratic food futures. SN 1749-8198 DI 10.1111/gec3.12497 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000541033700001 ER PT J AU Milligan, MC Berkeley, LI McNew, LB AF Milligan, Megan C. Berkeley, Lorelle, I McNew, Lance B. TI Survival of Sharp-Tailed Grouse Under Variable Livestock Grazing Management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB Livestock grazing is a predominant land use worldwide and can influence wildlife populations by altering grassland composition, structure, and productivity. Conceptually, rest-rotation livestock grazing could increase pasture-level heterogeneity that would allow wildlife to balance the need for resources with the risk of predation. Prairie-grouse (Tympanuchusspp.) are recognized as important indicator species for grassland ecosystems, so identifying management approaches suitable for prairie-grouse could have implications for other species. We monitored radio-collared female sharp-tailed grouse (T. phasianellus) to evaluate the effects of 3 systems of livestock grazing management on the breeding season survival and habitat-associated mortality risk of adult grouse in the northern mixed-grass prairie in eastern Montana and western North Dakota, USA, during 2016-2018. Cumulative breeding season survival was 0.65 +/- 0.04 (SE) and annual survival varied from 0.28 +/- 0.04 to 0.50 +/- 0.05. Grazing management did not have a meaningful influence on any aspect of the cumulative breeding season survival of adult female sharp-tailed grouse, although the seasonal timing of peaks in mortality risk differed among systems. A 10% increase in cropland increased mortality risk of adult female sharp-tailed grouse by a factor of 1.27. Overall, our results suggest that strategies that preserve economically viable ranching systems in unfragmented grasslands may have greater benefits for sharp-tailed grouse survival than prescriptive livestock grazing systems. (c) 2020 The Wildlife Society. SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21909 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000540847200001 ER PT J AU Rytelewska, E Kisielewska, K Kiezun, M Dobrzyn, K Gudelska, M Rak, A Dupont, J Kaminska, B Kaminski, T Smolinska, N AF Rytelewska, Edyta Kisielewska, Katarzyna Kiezun, Marta Dobrzyn, Kamil Gudelska, Marlena Rak, Agnieszka Dupont, Joelle Kaminska, Barbara Kaminski, Tadeusz Smolinska, Nina TI Expression of chemerin and its receptors in the ovaries of prepubertal and mature gilts SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AB Recent studies have demonstrated that chemerin participates in the regulation of female reproductive function at the level of the ovaries. Due to the lack of data concerning the presence of the chemerin system (chemerin and its receptors: CMKLR1, GPR1, CCRL2) in the ovaries of pigs, one of the most economically important livestock species, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of chemerin and its receptors in the ovaries of prepubertal and mature gilts. We also aimed to examine the concentrations of chemerin in the follicular fluid of prepubertal and mature animals. In the present study, we have demonstrated the expression patterns of chemerin system components in the porcine follicles of different sizes of prepubertal and mature animals, as well as in corpora lutea of mature gilts during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. The obtained results suggest that the expression of chemerin system components is influenced by the reproductive stage, cell type, and the hormonal status of gilts (the estrous cycle/pregnancy). We have also presented the localization of the chemerin system components in various ovarian structures, and also showed changes in the concentration of chemerin in the follicular fluid of pigs. The presented findings not only confirm that chemerin is produced locally in the porcine ovary but they also demonstrate that chemerin directly affects ovarian cells, as confirmed by the presence of chemerin receptors in all ovarian structures. Therefore, chemerin appears to be an important intra-ovarian factor that could regulate ovary function in pigs. OI Kisielewska, Katarzyna/0000-0002-7833-1833; Smolinska, Nina/0000-0001-5364-1387; Rytelewska, Edyta/0000-0002-3901-056X; Rak, Agnieszka/0000-0002-9572-7151 SN 1040-452X EI 1098-2795 DI 10.1002/mrd.23391 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000540705800001 PM 32557981 ER PT J AU Xu, HT Chen, CB Zheng, HW Luo, GP Yang, L Wang, WS Wu, SX Ding, JL AF Xu, Hongtao Chen, Chunbo Zheng, Hongwei Luo, Geping Yang, Liao Wang, Weisheng Wu, Shixin Ding, Jianli TI AGA-SVR-based selection of feature subsets and optimization of parameter in regional soil salinization monitoring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING AB Salinization is a major eco-environmental threat in arid and semi-arid regions. Machine learning combined with salinization-related factors extracted from satellite images and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data to monitor salinization is popular in recent years. The hyper-parameters referring to the parameters prior to fitting the model to the data and the features referring to the factors used for model establishment are vital to modelling accuracy, while the optimization of the above two was not given enough attention. In this study, we proposed a novel approach for simultaneously identifying the input features and hyper-parameters of Support Vector Regression (SVR) based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) for quantitative assessment of salinization in Weigan-Kuqa river delta oasis (Wei-Ku oasis), Sangong River Basin, and Qitai oasis of Xinjiang. First, a total of 41 salinization-related factors of 7 categories were extracted from Landsat 5 TM and DEM data. In each sub-region, the Pearson's correlation analysis was developed between Soil Salt Content (SSC) and salinization-related factors, and the factors significantly correlated with SSC were arranged in descending order of absolute correlation coefficient to form the Candidate Feature Variables (CFVs). The ration of Coefficient of Determination (R-2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) multiplied by 1000 was considered as the fitness function of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and AGA. The CFVs and hyper-parameters were combined together and binary coded, then brought into the AGA and GA for simultaneous feature selection and hyper-parameters optimization of SVR, and established salinization monitoring models (AGA-SVR, GA-SVR). In order to highlight the importance of identifying the input features and hyper-parameter to modelling accuracy, the GS-SVR with all the CFVs as input was established using Grid Search (GS) algorithm to optimize the hyper-parameters. Finally, the salinization maps predicted by three models were compared. The results showed that the sensitivity of salinization-related factors to SSC varied with regions, and 25, 16, 24 salinization-related factors were selected as CFVs in Wei-Ku oasis, Sangong River Basin, and Qitai oasis, respectively. Compared with GS-SVR, the GA-SVR and AGA-SVR got more accurate salinization monitoring with fewer features as input, and fitness generated by AGA-SVR increased by 25.968% in Wei-Ku oasis, 25.159% in Sangong River Basin, 27.568% in Qitai oasis, respectively. Both nature and human factors lead to salinization. The difference of Land Surface Temperature (LST) was the main contributor of different salinization between Wei-Ku oasis of southern Xinjiang and the other two sub-regions of northern Xinjiang. The differences in soil texture, irrigation methods, and livestock carrying capacity were the main factors resulting in differences of salinization in Qitai oasis and Sangong River Basin. Our study shows that the proposed approach can provide technical support for accurate salinization monitoring. OI Zheng, Hongwei/0000-0001-9393-546X SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 PD JUN 17 PY 2020 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4470 EP 4495 DI 10.1080/01431161.2020.1718239 UT WOS:000516866800001 ER PT J AU Reiske, L Schmucker, S Pfaffinger, B Weiler, U Steuber, J Stefanski, V AF Reiske, Lena Schmucker, Sonja Pfaffinger, Birgit Weiler, Ulrike Steuber, Julia Stefanski, Volker TI Intravenous Infusion of Cortisol, Adrenaline, or Noradrenaline Alters Porcine Immune Cell Numbers and Promotes Innate over Adaptive Immune Functionality SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY AB Despite the importance of pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) in livestock production and their increasing role as a model organism for human physiology, knowledge about the porcine immune system under the influence of stress hormones is fragmentary. Exceptionally little is known about the effects of catecholamines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the in vivo effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol on number and functionality of porcine blood immune cells. Castrated male pigs (n = 34) were treated with physiological doses of either adrenaline, noradrenaline, or cortisol via i.v. infusion for 48 h. Blood samples were collected before treatment (-24 h, -22 h, 0 h), during treatment (+2 h, +24 h, +48 h), and at 72 h postinfusion. Immune cell numbers and phagocytic activity were evaluated by flow cytometry and lymphocyte proliferation by H-3-thymidine incorporation. Total IgG and IgM Ab levels were determined via ELISA. Pigs receiving cortisol showed strongly decreased adaptive immune cell numbers and increased neutrophils, accompanied by hampered lymphocyte proliferation but increased monocyte phagocytosis. Catecholamine effects on immune cell numbers were mostly similar to cortisol in direction but smaller in intensity and duration. Lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited after 2 h of noradrenaline infusion, and both catecholamines promoted monocyte and neutrophil phagocytosis. These findings indicate a shift from adaptive to innate immunity in stressful situations. This study is the first (to our knowledge) to systematically investigate specific glucocorticoid and catecholamine actions on the porcine immune system in this level of detail and confirms many similarities to humans, thus strengthening the pig as a human model in psychoneuroimmunology. OI Reiske, Lena/0000-0001-5949-8710; Steuber, Julia/0000-0002-1747-2747 SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 204 IS 12 BP 3205 EP 3216 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.2000269 UT WOS:000540261500015 PM 32393511 ER PT J AU Zhang, SH Kang, ZH Cai, HF Jiang, EH Pan, CY Dang, RH Lei, CZ Chen, H Lan, XY AF Zhang, Sihuan Kang, Zihong Cai, Hanfang Jiang, Enhui Pan, Chuanying Dang, Ruihua Lei, Chuzhao Chen, Hong Lan, Xianyong TI Identification of novel alternative splicing of bovine lncRNAlncFAM200Band its effects on preadipocyte proliferation SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AB Adipogenesis is closely related to human health, livestock growth, and meat quality. A previous study identified that bovinelncFAM200Bpromoter has high activity in 3T3-L1 mice preadipocytes. Thus,lncFAM200Bwas a candidate gene for regulating adipogenesis. This study aimed to uncover the role oflncFAM200Bin bovine adipogenesis and identify novel genetic variations within the bovinelncFAM200Bgene. An expression analysis found thatlncFAM200Bwas expressed higher in fat than that in muscle, but the difference was not related to the total methylation level of the promoter active region. Moreover, the expression oflncFAM200Bexhibited a significant positive correlation with the expression ofC/EBPaduring bovine adipocyte differentiation. To uncover the function oflncFAM200B, the full-lengthlncFAM200Bwas cloned, and four kinds of transcript variants were found. Protein-coding potential prediction and prokaryotic expression system analysis showed that these four transcript variants were noncoding RNAs. The quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and 5-ethynyl-2 '-deoxyuridine assay showed that the transcript variants decreased the messenger RNA expression ofCyclin D1and inhibited the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes. Considering the important role oflncFAM200Bin adipogenesis, we identified genetic variations inlncFAM200B. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were revealed, and two of them (SNP1 and SNP3) were associated with Nanyang cattle body measurement traits. In conclusion, this study found that bovinelncFAM200Binhibited preadipocyte proliferation, and two genetic variations oflncFAM200Bcould be used in cattle breeding. SN 0021-9541 EI 1097-4652 DI 10.1002/jcp.29887 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000540221300001 PM 32542663 ER PT J AU Faria, N Morales, MB AF Faria, Nuno Morales, Manuel B. TI Livestock species and grazing rotational patterns modulate grassland bird assemblages in Mediterranean drylands SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB In the last decades, western Iberian Mediterranean drylands have experienced a shift from extensive sheep to beef-cattle farming. In this 5-year study in Evora region (Southern Portugal), we investigated the role of livestock species in favouring grassland bird habitat suitability, starting from the hypothesis that livestock species complement bird habitat requirements under contrasting grazing rotation patterns and annual rainfall conditions. Field methods were based on bird counts and data was analysed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Model ranking and selection were based on the estimation of second-order Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). The grazing rotation pattern was the variable that best explained bird richness and total bird abundance, whereas livestock species had a minor effect. The corn bunting, the common quail and the crested lark presented higher abundances in fields grazed by sheep whereas calandra larks showed opposite trends. Except for the crested lark, grazing rotation pattern was the variable that best explained the abundance of individual species. Fields under short-medium duration rotational grazing revealed lower bird abundance and richness. Interactions between livestock species and grazing rotation were only found for the zitting cisticola. Bird species preferences relative to livestock species were found to be independent of annual rainfall conditions. We conclude that shifting from sheep to cattle grazing in Iberian Mediterranean drylands may favour light to moderate changes in the species identity of grassland bird assemblages (i.e. certain species appear or increase while others decrease or disappear from the assemblage), although no significant changes were found for bird richness. However, the grazing rotational patterns had greater effect on species total abundance and richness than the particular livestock species. Given the alarming decline of grassland birds in Europe, changes in grassland bird assemblages associated to the sheep-to-cattle shift currently occurring in Iberia may become an important issue within the framework of future European agricultural policy and should be subject to long term monitoring. SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 295 AR UNSP 106893 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106893 UT WOS:000527595400011 ER PT J AU Tardella, FM Bricca, A Goia, IG Catorci, A AF Tardella, Federico Maria Bricca, Alessandro Goia, Irina Gabriela Catorci, Andrea TI How mowing restores montane Mediterranean grasslands following cessation of traditional livestock grazing SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT AB Traditional land-use cessation allows the spread of invasive tall-grass species and thus leads to a reduction in grassland biodiversity. We hypothesized that long-term multi-year mowing of invaded grassland fosters the recovery of its taxonomic diversity and functional composition by reducing the dominance of the tall grass species Brachypodium rupestre, and that this change increases the pasture feed value. In 2010, we fenced part of a grassland, abandoned for about 30 years, invaded by Brachypodium rupestre (1 ha) in the central Apennine ridge (1,000-1,300 m a.s.l.), and cut it twice a year for six years; another area (1 ha) was fenced and left unmown. Before the experiment started, we recorded species cover in 30 random sampling units (0.5 x 0.5 m) in the experimental area and in the unmown area. The sampling was repeated for the experimental area, every year for six years, except 2013, while it was done for the unmown area only at the end of the six years. We investigated the effect of the reduction of Brachypodium rupestre over time on taxonomic diversity indices, functional traits and pastoral value, using species accumulation curves and generalized linear mixed-effect modelling. Twice-yearly mowing was effective in reducing the abundance of B. rupestre (mean cover 50.7 +/- 19.8 % Standard deviation to 9.0 +/- 7.2 %), and in increasing significantly species richness (16.6 +/- 3.0-26.8 +/- 3.2), exponential Shannon (8.8 +/- 2.8-14.4 +/- 2.7), but not Shannon evenness (0.53 +/- 0.1 to 0.54 +/- 0.1). At the end of the treatment quite stable richness and diversity values were reached. Reduction of B. rupestre cover increased the pastoral value of the system (39 +/- 12 %-64 +/- 8 % of pabular species relative cover) and promoted the presence of species without vegetative propagation (17.8 +/- 12.3-28.2 +/- 10.9), with pleiocorms (25.4 +/- 14.3-49.6 +/- 17.9), rosettes (5.6 +/- 5.6-16.6 +/- 12.7) and hemirosettes (32.1 +/- 15.8-47.7 +/- 13.6), but caused a decrease in species whose clonal growth organs have prevalent vertical spread (123.9 +/- 25.7-97.0 +/- 23.3), reptant (60.3 +/- 20.9-20.2 +/- 10.4), and late flowering species (67.4 +/- 19.9-46.3 +/- 17.2). The decrease of B. rupestre and the increase in mowing frequency reduced the abundance of species with clonal growth organs with prevalent horizontal spread (66.0 +/- 19.5-17.9 +/- 10.7), caespitose species (96.7 +/- 20.9-43.6 +/- 21.9), and grasses (94.0 +/- 19.5-43.3 +/- 22.0). Recurrent twice-yearly mowing seems to be appropriate in the restoration of sub-Mediterranean grasslands invaded by competitive species, facilitating the re-introduction of traditional grazing. SN 0167-8809 EI 1873-2305 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 295 AR UNSP 106880 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106880 UT WOS:000527595400003 ER PT J AU Gao, CK Zhang, MH Song, KH Wei, YX Zhang, SB AF Gao, Chengkang Zhang, Menghui Song, Kaihui Wei, Youxuan Zhang, Shuaibing TI Spatiotemporal analysis of anthropogenic phosphorus fluxes in China SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Anthropogenic phosphorus supports food systems while have caused water pollution and posed challenges to the ecosystems. The increasing socioeconomic interactions between regions and systems have added more complexities to manage the sustainability of effective phosphorus use that requires joint analyses of multiple regions or multiple systems of phosphorus flow. This study builds a framework to systematically model the phosphorus fluxes in China based on material flow analysis. This model consists of phosphorus industrial system, agricultural planting system, rural residential system, urban residential system, large-scale livestock breeding system and household livestock breeding system. This study further explored the temporal and spatial characteristics of phosphorus fluxes in terms of phosphorus utilization efficiency and water load during 1995-2015. The results showed that the total amount of phosphorus input in China had increased nearly 1.78 times during 1995-2015, of which about 85% is used for fertilizer production. The phosphorus utilization rates of urban residential and large-scale livestock breeding systems remained low with a declining trend, dropping to 5%. The phosphorus water load peaked and declined during the study period. Among them, the phosphorus water load in large-scale and household livestock breeding systems accounted for more than 60% of the total. In spatial dimension, Southwest China is the region with the largest input of phosphorus, about 375.33 x 10(4) t, while Northeast China is the region with the largest phosphorus water load, about 28.06 x 10(4) t. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Song, Kaihui/U-6794-2017 OI Song, Kaihui/0000-0003-2497-3694 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 721 AR 137588 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137588 UT WOS:000535469100012 PM 32169636 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Middel, A Chattopadhyay, S AF Banerjee, Shreya Middel, Ariane Chattopadhyay, Subrata TI Outdoor thermal comfort in various microentrepreneurial settings in hot humid tropical Kolkata: Human biometeorological assessment of objective and subjective parameters SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Extreme heat and associated health risks increasingly become threats to urban populations, especially in developing countries of the tropics. Although human thermal exposure in cities has been studied across the globe, current narratives insufficiently discuss mixed-used spaces, informal economic activity settings, and informal settlements. This study assessed outdoor human thermal comfort in the tropical city of Kolkata, India where uncomfortable hot and humid climatic conditions prevail year-round. Thermal Comfort Perception Surveys (TCPS) and biometeorological observations were conducted during summer and winter in three microentrepreneurial neighborhoods (Kumartuli, Boipara, and Mallickghat). A one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the variance in Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) values of 318 survey samples across neighborhoods. Through multiple linear regression and ANCOVA, significant relationships were established between various climatic and non-climatic parameters. No respondent reported a neutral thermal sensation during the summer. Annual neutral PET across neighborhoods was 23.6 degrees C with a neutral PET range of 19.5 degrees C to 27.6 degrees C. Annual neutral PET was 22.7 degrees C and 26.5 degrees C in Mallickghat and Boipara, respectively. Respondents in Boipara were more sensitive towards warmer sensation than in Mallickghat. Even in the winter, people reported warmer sensation votes. PET was a better predictor of the mean Thermal Sensation Vote (mTSV) compared to air temperature. In a few cases, acclimatization and expectations improved thermal comfort. Results can be useful in formulating strategies towards improving outdoor microclimate and heat health in tropical cities. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Banerjee, Shreya/0000-0002-6405-7917 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 721 AR 137741 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137741 UT WOS:000535468300016 PM 32179347 ER PT J AU Chen, ZK An, CJ Fang, HX Zhang, YL Zhou, ZG Zhou, Y Zhao, S AF Chen, Zhikun An, Chunjiang Fang, Hanxiao Zhang, Yunlu Zhou, Zhigang Zhou, Yang Zhao, Shan TI Assessment of regional greenhouse gas emission from beef cattle production: A case study of Saskatchewan in Canada SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB The beef cattle production has been considered as one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. A large amount of GHGs including N2O and CH4 from enteric fermentation and manure are discharged to atmosphere during beef-production process. In addition, a substantial amount of GHGs is also emitted from many other related processes such as feed production, transportation, and energy consumption. In this study, an emission assessment model was developed to quantify the amount of regional GHGs produced from the beef cattle production process. A case study was conducted based on the beef production in Saskatchewan, Canada. The results demonstrated that the GHG emissions from the annual marketed beef cattle in Saskatchewan in 2014 were 8.52 x 10(9) kg CO2-eq in total and the cattle-source GHGs (enteric CH4, manure CH4, and manure N2O emission) accounted for more than 90% of the total emission. Sensitivity analysis showed that the most critical factors influencing the GHG emission included feedlot manure handling system, cattle diet, feed additives, maximum methane producing capacity (B-o), and climate (temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration). The potential impacts of climate change on GHG emission from beef cattle production in Saskatchewan were also investigated. An overall decrease in the GHG emission can be observed due to the climate change, which are 3.67%, 4.96%, and 6.63% for 2020-2039, 2040-2059, and 2060-2099, respectively. SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 264 AR 110443 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110443 UT WOS:000530234700028 PM 32217321 ER PT J AU Duffy, C O'Donoghue, C Ryan, M Styles, D Spillane, C AF Duffy, Colm O'Donoghue, Cathal Ryan, Mary Styles, David Spillane, Charles TI Afforestation: Replacing livestock emissions with carbon sequestration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB In Ireland, agriculture accounts for 33% of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Ireland faces significant challenges in terms of emissions reduction and is well off course in terms of meeting binding European Union targets. Flexibility mechanisms will allow Ireland to offset 5.6% of its commitment via sequestration in biomass and soils and land use change. Agricultural emissions in Ireland are largely driven by livestock production. As such, the purpose of this research is to estimate the net GHG emission benefit resulting from a land use change with forest replacing livestock systems (dairy, beef cattle and sheep). We estimate the total carbon sequestration in biomass and harvested wood products, along with the total emissions avoided from each livestock system on a per hectare basis. In addition, the paper compares the social cost of carbon to the average income per hectare of each livestock system. Finally, a hypothetical national planting scenario is modelled using plausible planting rates. Results indicate that the greatest carbon benefit is achieved when forest replaces dairy production. This is due to high emissions per hectare from dairy systems, and greater sequestration potential in higher-yielding forests planted on better quality soils associated with dairy production. The inclusion of harvested wood products in subsequent rotations has the potential to enhance GHG mitigation and offset terrestrial carbon loss. A hypothetical national planting scenario, afforesting 100,000 ha substituting dairy, beef cattle and sheep livestock systems could abate 13.91 Mt CO(2)e after 10 years, and 150.14 Mt CO(2)e (unthinned plantations) or 125.89 Mt CO(2)e (thinned plantations) over the course of the rotation. These results highlight the critical role for forest land use change in meeting the urgent need to tackle rising agricultural emissions. OI Duffy, Colm/0000-0002-0076-6749 SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 264 AR 110523 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110523 UT WOS:000530234700073 PM 32250923 ER PT J AU Smith, AP Johnson, IR Schwenke, G Lam, SK Suter, HC Eckard, RJ AF Smith, Andrew P. Johnson, Ian R. Schwenke, Graeme Lam, Shu Kee Suter, Helen C. Eckard, Richard J. TI Predicting ammonia volatilization from fertilized pastures used for grazing SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY AB Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from fertilised agricultural soils is driven by complex interactions between edaphic, climatic and plant canopy factors that can be difficult to measure or predict. We developed a simplified approach using default parameters in the DairyMod model to predict daily NH3 volatilization from urea applied to grazed dairy pastures. Several published datasets were used to validate the reliability of the model to reproduce key related soil processes in a whole farming systems framework. For the sites where monitoring for the experimental duration occurred, DairyMod simulated the main features of the observed NH3 emissions, with an overall predicted median of 4.1 kg/ha or 7% of applied N, compared to the measured median of 6.1 kg/ha for 12% of applied N fertilizer. There was an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.9 kg NH3-N/ha/d and an overall mean prediction error (MPE) of 0.5 kg NH3-N /ha/d. However, there was high uncertainty in several of the datasets used which made it difficult to be conclusive about the validation. The simulation accuracy was improved using daily wind speed (collected on-site in field campaigns) as input to the evapotranspiration calculations. In cases of high certainty in the volatilization data, it was concluded that the model was useful for the analysis of N cycling in situations used for dairy farming without the need for a more complex mechanistic method with difficult-to-obtain parameters. DairyMod presents a simple but readily reproducible prediction of NH3 volatilization from urea application on pasture in intensive livestock farming systems compatible with the certainty of the model inputs and scale of model application. However, the collective understanding of NH3 volatilization in pasture based dairy systems is currently based on a limited number of often uncertain, short term plot studies in the absence of animals. RI Lam, Shu Kee/B-8321-2019 SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 287 AR UNSP 107952 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107952 UT WOS:000531095900025 ER PT J AU Hu, MP Liu, YM Zhang, YF Shen, H Yao, MY Dahlgren, RA Chen, DJ AF Hu, Minpeng Liu, Yanmei Zhang, Yufu Shen, Hong Yao, Mengya Dahlgren, Randy A. Chen, Dingjiang TI Long-term (1980-2015) changes in net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs and riverine phosphorus export in the Yangtze River basin SO WATER RESEARCH AB Quantitative information on long-term net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs (NAPI) and its relationship with riverine phosphorus (P) export are critical for developing sustainable and efficient watershed P management strategies. This is the first study to address long-term (1980-2015) NAPI and riverine P flux dynamics for the Yangtze River basin (YRB), the largest watershed in China. Over the 36-year study period, estimated NAPI to the YRB progressively increased by similar to 1.4 times, with NAPI A (chemical fertilizer input + atmospheric deposition + seed input) and NAPI B (net food/feed imports + non-food input) contributing 65% and 35%, respectively. Higher population, livestock density and agricultural land area were the main drivers of increasing NAPI. Riverine total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP) and suspended sediment (SS) export at Datong hydrological station (downstream station) decreased by 52%, 75% and 75% during 1980-2015, respectively. In contrast, dissolved phosphorus (DP) showed an increase in both concentration (similar to 7-fold) and its contribution to TP flux (similar to 16-fold). Different trends in riverine P forms were mainly due to increasing dam/reservoir construction and changes in vegetation/ land use and NAPI components. Multiple regression models incorporating NAPI(A), NAPI(B), dam/reservoir storage capacity and water discharge explained 84% and 92% of the temporal variability in riverine DP and PP fluxes, respectively. Riverine TP flux estimated as the sum of DP and PP fluxes showed high agreement with measured values (R-2 = 0.87, NSE = 0.84), indicating strong efficacy for the developed models. The model forecasted an increase of 50% and 7% and a decrease of 15% and 22% in riverine DP flux from 2015 to 2045 under developing, dam building, NAPI(A) and NAPI(B) reduction scenarios, respectively. This study highlights the importance of including enhanced P transformation from particulate to bioavailable forms due to river regulation and changes in land-use, input sources and legacy P pools in development of P pollution control strategies. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0043-1354 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 177 AR 115779 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115779 UT WOS:000530241100015 PM 32294592 ER PT J AU Lai, ZY Li, SP Wu, F Zhou, ZH Gao, Y Yu, J Lei, CZ Dang, RH AF Lai, Zhenyu Li, Shipeng Wu, Fei Zhou, Zihui Gao, Yuan Yu, Jie Lei, Chuzhao Dang, Ruihua TI Genotypes and haplotype combination of ACSL3 gene sequence variants is associated with growth traits in Dezhou donkey SO GENE AB Exploring molecular markers related to economic traits of livestock is of great significance to breeding. Long-chain fatty acid COA synthetase (ACSL) plays a crucial role in lipid synthesis and metabolism, which may affect animal growth. This study was to investigate the polymorphism of ACSL gene and its association with the growth trait of the donkey. Three insertions and two deletions were detected on the introns of ACSL3 gene in 450 Dezhou donkeys using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After that, linkage disequilibrium analysis found that there was a strong linkage among ACSL3 gene loci in Dezhou donkey. Association analysis of growth traits showed that ACSL3-1, ACSL3-2, ACSL3-3, and ACSL3-4 loci were significantly associated with body weight and other growth traits (P < 0.05). Furthermore, five high frequency haplotypes were identified in Dezhou donkey, and haplotype combination analysis showed that among the first three high-frequency combinations, the low-frequency Hap3Hap3 (II-DD-II-DD-DD) homozygous haplotype combination was lower than the other two groups (Hap1Hap1, Hap5Hap5) in the chest width and chest depth (P < 0.05) of the female. Conclusively, the results of this study indicated that the polymorphisms in ACSL3 gene can be used as molecular markers to participate in donkey breeding. SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 743 AR 144600 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144600 UT WOS:000529796500006 PM 32217139 ER PT J AU Garcia-Mateos, FJ Ruiz-Rosas, R Rosas, JM Morallon, E Cazorla-Amoros, D Rodriguez-Mirasol, J Cordero, T AF Jose Garcia-Mateos, Francisco Ruiz-Rosas, Ramiro Maria Rosas, Juana Morallon, Emilia Cazorla-Amoros, Diego Rodriguez-Mirasol, Jose Cordero, Tomas TI Activation of electrospun lignin-based carbon fibers and their performance as self-standing supercapacitor electrodes SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY AB The production and activation of self-standing carbon electrodes from electrospun lignin fibers was analyzed in this work. Carbon microfibers were prepared at 900 degrees C from air-stabilized spun cloths by direct carbonization under inert atmosphere and with diluted O-2. The modifications of the porosity and surface chemistry of the carbon fibers was also studied by adding H3PO4 in the lignin solution and using different oxygen partial pressures during activation. The presence of phosphoric acid not only increases the porosity development and the preparation yield, but also enhances the gravimetric capacitance of the electrodes. In addition, the activation in presence of oxygen increases the surface area and the generation of wider micropores. Microporous carbon fibers with surface areas as high as 2340 m(2) g(-1) were obtained using this method. The direct conformation of carbon fibers into binderless electrodes allows to achieve high-power rate capability supercapacitors. Activation in presence of oxygen can enhance up to 50% the energy storage of supercapacitors without compromising the power of the device (8.4 Wh kg(-1) and Pmax of 47 kW kg(-1)). However, at high activation degrees, no further gain in energy density is observed due to the excessive widening of micropores, and the loss of electrical conductivity that increases the cell resistance, limiting the power capability of the device. The optimal results in terms of energy, power and durability are achieved combining low amounts of H3PO4 and mild activation with O-2, confirming that electrospinning of lignin is a promising method for sustainable production of self-standing supercapacitor electrodes. RI Cazorla-Amoros, Diego/A-3967-2008 OI Cazorla-Amoros, Diego/0000-0001-5745-4271 SN 1383-5866 EI 1873-3794 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 241 AR 116724 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116724 UT WOS:000527318800004 ER PT J AU Wang, LJ Wang, JH Wang, J Zhu, LS Conkle, JL Yang, R AF Wang, Lanjun Wang, Jinhua Wang, Jun Zhu, Lusheng Conkle, Jeremy L. Yang, Rui TI Soil types influence the characteristic of antibiotic resistance genes in greenhouse soil with long-term manure application SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AB Composted livestock and poultry manure, which may contain antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), is widely used as natural fertilizer in China. But the influence of soil types on ARGs is not well characterized, particularly at greenhouse sites with long-term manure application. We investigated the distribution of ARGs in the cinnamon, fluvo-aquic and saline-alkali soils in greenhouse of Yellow River Delta region, China. A total of 193 ARGs subtypes were detected, with multidrug and aminoglycoside resistance genes as the most universal ARGs subtypes. Soil types influenced the ARGs distribution, where higher levels of diversity and relative abundance of ARGs in the fluvo-aquic and saline-alkali soils compared with those in the cinnamon soils. Among abiotic factors, sand, pH and Zn contributed more to the pattern of ARGs in the cinnamon soils, whereas sand and Cd, clay and Pb contributed the most in the fluvo-aquic and saline-alkali soils respectively. Furthermore, positive correlations between the relative abundances of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the fluvo-aquic soils, suggesting higher dissemination potential of ARGs in this type of soil. Overall, MGEs played a positive primary role in the ARGs distribution in greenhouse soil than heavy metal co-selection and soil physicochemical properties. OI Wang, Jun/0000-0002-9976-4910 SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 PD JUN 15 PY 2020 VL 392 AR 122334 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122334 UT WOS:000527016900064 PM 32092657 ER PT J AU Baumann, M Kamp, J Potzschner, F Bleyhl, B Dara, A Hankerson, B Prishchepov, AV Schierhorn, F Muller, D Holzel, N Kramer, R Urazaliyev, R Kuemmerle, T AF Baumann, Matthias Kamp, Johannes Poetzschner, Florian Bleyhl, Benjamin Dara, Andrey Hankerson, Brett Prishchepov, Alexander, V Schierhorn, Florian Mueller, Daniel Hoelzel, Norbert Kraemer, Roland Urazaliyev, Ruslan Kuemmerle, Tobias TI Declining human pressure and opportunities for rewilding in the steppes of Eurasia SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS AB Aim Large and ecologically functioning steppe complexes have been lost historically across the globe, but recent land-use changes may allow the reversal of this trend in some regions. We aimed to develop and map indicators of changing human influence using satellite imagery and historical maps, and to use these indicators to identify areas for broad-scale steppe rewilding. Location Eurasian steppes of Kazakhstan. Methods We mapped decreasing human influence indicated by cropland abandonment, declining grazing pressure and rural outmigration in the steppes of northern Kazakhstan. We did this by processing similar to 5,500 Landsat scenes to map changes in cropland between 1990 and 2015, and by digitizing Soviet topographic maps and examining recent high-resolution satellite imagery to assess the degree of abandonment of >2,000 settlements and >1,300 livestock stations. We combined this information into ahuman influence index(HI), mapped changes in HI to highlight where rewilding might take place and assessed how this affected the connectivity of steppe habitat. Results Across our study area, about 6.2 million ha of cropland were abandoned (30.5%), 14% of all settlements were fully and 81% partly abandoned, and 76% of livestock stations were completely dismantled between 1990 and 2015, suggesting substantially decreasing human pressure across vast areas. This resulted in increased connectivity of steppe habitat. Main conclusions The steppes of Eurasia are experiencing massively declining human influence, suggesting large-scale passive rewilding is taking place. Many of these areas are now important for the connectivity of the wider steppe landscape and can provide habitat for endangered megafauna such as the critically endangered saiga antelope. Yet, this window of opportunity may soon close, as recultivation of abandoned cropland is gaining momentum. Our aggregate human influence index captures key components of rewilding and can help to devise strategies for fostering large, connected networks of protected areas in the steppe. RI Kraemer, Roland/D-5369-2015 OI Kraemer, Roland/0000-0001-7115-833X SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 DI 10.1111/ddi.13110 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539896300001 ER PT J AU Goopy, JP Korir, D Pelster, D Ali, AIM Wassie, SE Schlecht, E Dickhoefer, U Merbold, L Butterbach-Bahl, K AF Goopy, J. P. Korir, D. Pelster, D. Ali, A. I. M. Wassie, S. E. Schlecht, E. Dickhoefer, U. Merbold, L. Butterbach-Bahl, K. TI Severe below-maintenance feed intake increases methane yield from enteric fermentation in cattle SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB The relationship between feed intake at production levels and enteric CH4 production in ruminants consuming forage-based diets is well described and considered to be strongly linear. Unlike temperate grazing systems, the intake of ruminants in rain-fed tropical systems is typically below maintenance requirements for part of the year (dry seasons). The relationship between CH4 production and feed intake in animals fed well below maintenance is unexplored, but changes in key digestive parameters in animals fed at low levels suggest that this relationship may be altered. We conducted a study using Boran yearling steers (n 12; live weight: 162 center dot 3 kg) in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to assess the effect of moderate to severe undernutrition on apparent digestibility, rumen turnover and enteric CH4 production of cattle consuming a tropical forage diet. We concluded that while production of CH4 decreased (1133 center dot 3-65 center dot 0 g CH4/d; P < 0 center dot 0001), over the range of feeding from about 1 center dot 0 to 0 center dot 4 maintenance energy requirement, both CH4 yield (29 center dot 0-31 center dot 2 g CH4/kg DM intake; P < 0 center dot 001) and CH4 conversion factor (Y-m 9 center dot 1-10 center dot 1 MJ CH4/MJ gross energy intake; P < 0 center dot 01) increased as intake fell and postulate that this may be attributable to changes in nutrient partitioning. We suggest there is a case for revising emission factors of ruminants where there are seasonal nutritional deficits and both environmental and financial benefits for improved feeding of animals under nutritional stress. SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 PD JUN 14 PY 2020 VL 123 IS 11 BP 1239 EP 1246 AR PII S0007114519003350 DI 10.1017/S0007114519003350 UT WOS:000529397100004 PM 32209141 ER PT J AU Kaabi, AM Barakat, IAH Alajmi, RA Abdel-Daim, MM AF Kaabi, Aaishah M. Barakat, Ibrahim Abdalla Hassan Alajmi, Reem A. Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M. TI Use of black seed (Nigella sativa) honey bee to improve sheep oocyte maturation medium SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Sheep are important livestock and a source of milk, meat, and wool globally. The increasing demand for animal protein requires increased productivity in sheep. In vitro fertilization and maturation can improve sheep productivity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of honey bee addition as a supplementation medium on in vitro maturation improvement, gene expression of matured sheep oocytes, and determine the optimum concentration from honey bee for in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes. Cumulus oocyte complexes were obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered female sheep. Grade A and B oocytes were cultured for 24 h in medium without honey bee (control, G1) or medium supplemented with 5% (G2), 10% (G3), or 20% (G4) honey bee. Oocyte maturation rate, glutathione concentration, and the expression of candidate genes (GDF-9, BAX, Cyclin B, C-MOS, IGF1) were determined in the matured oocytes. The maturation rate of sheep oocyte was better in the presence of 5% and 10% honey bee; the mean number of oocytes in metaphase II stage was higher than that in G1 and G4 groups. Glutathione concentration was highest in G2 (10.93 +/- 0.57). In general, gene expression levels were similar in G2 and G3, which were greater that in G1 and G4. In conclusion, the optimal concentration of black seeds honey bee that can be added to the maturation medium is 5% to obtain the highest mean MII and glutathione concentration values, and to improve gene expression in in vitro matured sheep oocytes. RI Abdel-Daim, Mohamed/B-2545-2013 OI Abdel-Daim, Mohamed/0000-0002-4341-2713 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 DI 10.1007/s11356-020-09504-7 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539968900004 PM 32535822 ER PT J AU Ramadan, G Fouda, WA Ellamie, AM Ibrahim, WM AF Ramadan, Gamal Fouda, Wafaa A. Ellamie, Ashgan M. Ibrahim, Wael M. TI Dietary supplementation ofSargassum latifoliummodulates thermo-respiratory response, inflammation, and oxidative stress in bacterial endotoxin-challenged male Barki sheep SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Endotoxemia is mainly caused by translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the bloodstream. This in turn enhances systemic inflammation and inappropriate production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative injury of vital internal organs and other dangerous effects that can be life-threatening. Here, we evaluated/compared the modulatory effects of consuming two different doses (2% and 4% of the diet) of brown seaweeds (Sargassum latifolium) for 40 consecutive days on thermo-respiratory response, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Barki male sheep (Ovis aries) challenged twice with bacterial LPS (1.25 mu g/kg body weight, injected intravenously on days 28 and 35 of the experimental period). The results showed that the diet containingSargassum latifolium(especially at 4%) modulated significantly (P< 0.05-0.001) the increase in the thermo-respiratory response (skin and rectal temperatures, and respiration rate) and the obtained systemic inflammation (blood leukocytosis, the elevation in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the increase in serum proinflammatory cytokines and heat shock protein-70 concentrations) in the LPS-challenged sheep. In addition, it improved significantly (P< 0.001, especially at 4%) the total antioxidant capacity of the blood of LPS-challenged sheep by increasing the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, it decreased the blood markers of tissue damage (malondialdehyde concentration and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase) in the LPS-challenged sheep. In conclusion, the diet containing 4%Sargassum latifoliummay have potential impact in protecting the ruminant livestock from the serious effects of endotoxemia through improving the animals' antioxidant defense system and regulating their inflammatory and thermo-respiratory responses. RI Ramadan, Gamal/A-8666-2012 OI Ramadan, Gamal/0000-0002-3357-0216 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 DI 10.1007/s11356-020-09568-5 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539847700009 PM 32533495 ER PT J AU Kirilyuk, A Kirilyuk, VE Ke, R AF Kirilyuk, Anastasia Kirilyuk, Vadim E. Ke, Rong TI Long-distance dispersal of wolves in the Dauria ecoregion SO MAMMAL RESEARCH AB Using remote tracking (GPS+GSM module) we documented long-distance natal dispersals of two yearling wolves (Canis lupus) from The Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Russia. From the arithmetic center of natal home ranges the collared male and female traveled the straight-line natal dispersal distance of 280 km and 332.8 km, over 82 days and 34 days, respectively. Minimum distances of the entire tracking period were 3090.7 km (male) and 2056.7 km (female); the estimated actual travel distance of the entire tracking period was 9849 km and 4530 km, respectively. The travel speed of the wolves varied between phases (pre-dispersal, dispersal, and post-dispersal) and movement patterns (directional, nondirectional, and cluster). The mean travel speed of both wolves was the highest during dispersing (34.6 and 39.5 km/day), calculated as a minimum distance. It was one of the highest dispersal speeds among reported. The highest hourly mean travel speed was during pre-dispersing at dawn, moving directly (the male, 5.77 +/- 4.25 km/h; the female, 4.09 +/- 2.44 km/h). During pre-dispersing forays they returned several times to their home territories. During dispersal, yearlings crossed at least 5 territories of other packs. Wolves explored the steppe and forest-steppe in less modified habitats of the Russian part of the Dauria ecoregion and in the human-dominated Chinese part of the ecoregion. SN 2199-2401 EI 2199-241X DI 10.1007/s13364-020-00515-w EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539925000001 ER PT J AU Nguluma, AS Hyera, E Nziku, Z Shirima, M Mashingo, MSH Lobo, NB Getachew, T Rischkowsky, B Haile, A AF Nguluma, A. S. Hyera, E. Nziku, Z. Shirima, M. Mashingo, M. S. H. Lobo, N. B. Getachew, T. Rischkowsky, B. Haile, A. TI Characterization of the production system and breeding practices of indigenous goat keepers in Hai district, Northern Tanzania: implications for community-based breeding program SO TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION AB Indigenous breeding practices of the farmers and the livestock production system form the bases for designing community-based breeding programs. The aim of this study was to characterize production system and examine breeding practices of the indigenous goat farmers in Hai district in Northern Tanzania to determine their relevance in establishing a community-based breeding program in the area. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in which information was collected from 160 households randomly selected from 6 villages. Average household herd was 29.2 goats with majority keeping less than 20 goats. Major reasons for keeping goats were income generation, meat and milk production. Controlled mating was practiced mainly using apron and castration. Castration was practiced using traditional methods to control breeding and improve meat quality. Farmers in the study area had large goat flocks and a small buck to doe ratio. Farmers do not have a good understanding of inbreeding and its negative effects but practise other good breeding methods which could impact the productivity of their animals. Diseases and feed shortages were the main constraints to production. Opportunities exist for a community-based breeding program to genetically improve goat productivity. SN 0049-4747 EI 1573-7438 DI 10.1007/s11250-020-02313-7 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539926600001 PM 32535802 ER PT J AU Reithmayer, C Danne, M Musshoff, O AF Reithmayer, Corrina Danne, Michael Musshoff, Oliver TI Societal attitudes towards in ovo gender determination as an alternative to chick culling SO AGRIBUSINESS AB In ovo gender determination of incubated eggs can be a large-scale substitute to the culling of male chicks in layer hen production. However, the technology raises new ethical concerns which relate to the sensitivity of the embryo, as well as how the screened out eggs will be used afterward and the accuracy of gender determination. To comprehensively investigate consumer attitudes towards this new technology, a questionnaire including a choice experiment was distributed to a representative sample of 482 German consumers between December 2018 and March 2019. The data was analyzed by an explorative factor analysis and a latent class analysis. Results indicate that the sample can be divided into four segments, which differ in preferences for production attributes, attitudes, and price sensitivity. Attitudinal differences are found regarding respondents' approval of the technical advances in agricultural production, confidence in legal regulations, and the endorsement of enhanced livestock production conditions. Both a meaningful usage of by-products and a high rate of accuracy are crucial factors for the acceptance of in ovo gender determination for a majority of respondents. However, the response behavior of one segment, representing 11% of the sample, indicates the disapproval of both chick culling and in ovo screening.[EconLit Citations: Q160, Q510]. SN 0742-4477 EI 1520-6297 DI 10.1002/agr.21650 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539766600001 ER PT J AU Massender, E Brito, LF Canovas, A Baes, CF Kennedy, D Schenkel, FS AF Massender, Erin Brito, Luiz F. Canovas, Angela Baes, Christine F. Kennedy, Delma Schenkel, Flavio S. TI The value of incorporating carcass trait phenotypes in terminal sire selection indexes to improve carcass weight and quality of heavy lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS AB Genetic selection for carcass traits is paramount to maximize the profitability and long-term sustainability of any meat-producing livestock species. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of indicator traits for the genetic improvement of lamb carcass traits and to determine the value of including carcass traits into terminal sire selection indexes for the Canadian sheep industry. The carcass traits included hot carcass weight (HCW), fat depth at the GR site (FATGR) and average carcass conformation score (AVGCONF), and were measured on heavy lambs (slaughter age less than 365 days and HCW greater than 16.3 kg) in commercial abattoirs. Growth traits were found to be moderately efficient indicator traits for the genetic improvement of HCW but selection on ultrasound traits was necessary to substantially improve the carcass quality traits (FATGR and AVGCONF). Economic selection indexes were designed by adding various combinations of carcass traits into the Canadian Sheep Genetic Evaluation System terminal indexes. Records measured on individuals and progeny were assumed to be the sources of information for live animal and carcass traits, respectively. The changes in index accuracy, efficiency and expected correlated response were used to assess the value of their inclusion. HCW was found to have a large economic value, and its inclusion into terminal selection indexes was expected to substantially increase their accuracy (0.08-0.12 points) and efficiency (20%-30%). However, further including FATGR (measured 110 mm from the carcass midline over the 12th rib) and AVGCONF had little impact on the accuracy (<= 0.03) and efficiency (1%-7%) of the proposed indexes. Thus, the inclusion of carcass traits into the existing terminal selection indexes could be beneficial for the genetic improvement of HCW, but further research is needed to determine optimal methods of increasing carcass fatness and muscularity. OI Brito, Luiz Fernando/0000-0002-5819-0922; Massender, Erin/0000-0002-3008-8168 SN 0931-2668 EI 1439-0388 DI 10.1111/jbg.12484 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539563600001 PM 32529716 ER PT J AU Zhu, WN Wei, ZY Li, Q Lin, YC Yang, H Li, W AF Zhu, Weining Wei, Ziyan Li, Qiao Lin, Yongchao Yang, Hang Li, Wei TI Prevalence and subtype diversity ofBlastocystisin human and nonhuman primates in North China SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH AB Blastocystisis of public health concern due to its global distribution in diverse animals including humans. Here, fecal specimens sampled from human and nonhuman primates were examined forBlastocystisby PCR and sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Among age cohorts, the parasite was positive only for three of 126 (2.4%) adults admitted to a hospital in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, with a less common human subtype (ST), ST5, determined.Blastocystiswas identified in 7.0% of nonhuman primates (NHPs), giving an infection rate of 6.8% (4/59) to zoo NHPs in Harbin and 7.1% (9/126) to lab NHPs in Beijing. No significant prevalence differences by macaque species, age, gender, and sample source were observed. Among the subtypes found in NHPs, seven belonged to ST1, three to ST2, one to ST3, and the remaining two to mixed ST1/ST3 and ST2/ST3. Although the data here showed no direct evidence linking human infections toBlastocystisof NHP origin, individuals might acquire colonization of ST5 from livestock sources judged by occurrence of this subtype also in cattle in Harbin and pigs and sheep in unspecified cities of Heilongjiang as noted in previous reports. In addition, given the nonrigid (but sometimes, perhaps cryptic) host specificity of ST1, ST2, and ST3 and their dominant role in human affections globally as discussed in a previous NHP report by Alfellani et al. (Parasitology 140:966-971, 2013a), precautions should be taken to minimize the possible transmission of those subtypes from NHPs to humans in North China. OI Li, Wei/0000-0002-4264-1864 SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 DI 10.1007/s00436-020-06761-w EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539522300001 PM 32524268 ER PT J AU Yang, XM Cheng, X Li, Y Zheng, GM Xu, RF AF Yang, Xueming Cheng, Xiang Li, Yang Zheng, Guangming Xu, Rufeng TI Machinability investigation and sustainability analysis of minimum quantity lubrication-assisted micro-milling process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE AB Machining conditions such as cutting fluids exert a crucial function in micro-milling, which removes chips from the cutting area and lubricates the interface between the tool and workpiece. Therefore, it is necessary to identify suitable cutting fluids for processing different materials. In this article, the effects of cutting fluids (dry, flood cooling, minimum quantity lubrication, and jet cold air) on tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting force were studied. The Pugh matrix environmental approach was used to compare different cutting fluids in terms of sustainable production. In addition, a curved thin wall was processed to demonstrate the value of minimum quantity lubrication in industry. The experimental results illustrated that the minimum quantity lubrication can not only effectively reduce tool wear and cutting force but also improve the finished surface quality. According to the sustainability assessment results, minimum quantity lubrication was superior to other cutting fluids in terms of environmental impact and production quality. The curved thin wall size error was only 2.25% under minimum quantity lubrication condition. This indicated minimum quantity lubrication was particularly suitable for micro-milling of H59 brass and 6061 aluminum compared to other cutting fluids. SN 0954-4054 EI 2041-1975 AR 0954405420921727 DI 10.1177/0954405420921727 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539915700001 ER PT J AU Cai, Y Shen, JP Di, HJ Zhang, LM Zhang, C He, JZ AF Cai, Yujia Shen, Ju-Pei Di, Hong J. Zhang, Li-Mei Zhang, Chengjun He, Ji-Zheng TI Variation of soil nitrate and bacterial diversity along soil profiles in manure disposal maize field and adjacent woodland SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS AB Purpose Intensified livestock system produced large amount of bio-waste, and improper disposal of livestock manure has led to severe environmental consequences. However, knowledge about the time-dependent changes of manure-derived nitrate and soil bacterial diversity along the soil profiles is limited. Materials and methods Vertical variation of soil bacterial diversity and composition in a manure-amended maize field and adjacent non-manured woodland was investigated using high-throughput sequencing technique in spring and autumn along a 1-m profile depth. The soil is classified as aquic inceptisol with a bulk density of 1.31 g cm(-3), and a sandy loam texture. Results The results showed that significant higher amount of nitrate (up to 172.13 mg kg(-1)) was detected along the soil profile loaded with cattle manure compared with the adjacent non-manured woodland. Soil delta N-15-NO(3)(-)composition from maize field fall between + 5 and 25 parts per thousand, while those from woodland fall between - 5 and 15 parts per thousand. No significant difference in bacterial richness between the two land uses was found, while clear separation of bacterial structure was detected even to the deep soil layers. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil organic matter, C/N ratio, nitrate content, pH, and moisture were the major factors influencing the variance of bacterial community composition. Bacterial networks in the maize field harbor more modules than those in the adjacent woodland. Negative standardized effect size measure of mean nearest taxon distance in the soils tended to be more phylogenetically clustered than expected by chance, and was more likely to be clustered along the depth. Conclusions These findings suggested that soil bacterial beta diversity was strongly affected by multi-nutrient properties in terms of high livestock manure load, and had important implications for assessing the environmental impacts on belowground biodiversity in sandy loam soils. SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 DI 10.1007/s11368-020-02679-z EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539202000001 ER PT J AU Yook, SD Kim, J Gong, G Ko, JK Um, Y Han, SO Lee, SM AF Yook, Sang Do Kim, Jiwon Gong, Gyeongtack Ko, Ja Kyong Um, Youngsoon Han, Sung Ok Lee, Sun-Mi TI High-yield lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass using engineered xylose-utilizing Yarrowia lipolytica SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY AB Lignocellulosic biomass shows high potential as a renewable feedstock for use in biodiesel production via microbial fermentation. Yarrowia lipolytica, an emerging oleaginous yeast, has been engineered to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into lipids for lignocellulosic biodiesel production. Yet, the lipid yield from xylose or lignocellulosic biomass remains far lower than that from glucose. Here we developed an efficient xylose-utilizing Y. lipolytica strain, expressing an isomerase-based pathway, to achieve high-yield lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass. The newly developed xylose-utilizing Y. lipolytica, YSXID, produced 12.01 g/L lipids with a maximum yield of 0.16 g/g, the highest ever reported, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Consequently, this study shows the potential of isomerase-based xylose-utilizing Y. lipolytica for economical and sustainable production of biodiesel and oleochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. SN 1757-1693 EI 1757-1707 DI 10.1111/gcbb.12699 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539076000001 ER PT J AU Maia, ASC Culhari, ED Fonseca, VDC Milan, HFM Gebremedhin, KG AF Campos Maia, Alex Sandro Culhari, Eric de Andrade Carvalho Fonseca, Vinicius de Franca Milan, Hugo Fernando Maia Gebremedhin, Kifle G. TI Photovoltaic panels as shading resources for livestock SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Based on our search, we believe that this is the first paper to evaluate the use of photovoltaic panels as shade resources for livestock. Photovoltaic panels can provide artificial shades to protect livestock against intense solar radiation while serving as a clean energy source, reducing CO2 emission, and providing an additional source of income to farmers. These benefits foster sustainable livestock farming practices. In this study, we (1) determined livestock shade preference for photovoltaic panels and the classical 80%-blockage cloth material, and (2) quantified the reduction in radiant heat load provided by these shade structures. To determine the shade preference, the behavior of five Corriedale lambs and six Corriedale ewes were observed in a paddock with two shade structures (one with photovoltaic panels and another with an 80%-blockage cloth). The following behavioral activities were determined using the instantaneous scan sampling method each 10-min from 07:00 h to 17:00 h: grazing, ruminating, idling, lying, standing, under the sun, under the shade from photovoltaic panels, and under the shade from cloth. To correlate animal behavior with environmental conditions and to quantify the reduction in radiant heat load provided by these shade structures, the following meteorological variables were recorded: solar radiation (total and short-wave), air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and black-globe temperature (in the shades and in the sun). We observed that the animals spent less than 1% of their time under the shade from cloth compared to 38% under the shade from photovoltaic panels and 61% exposed to the sun. Sheep preference for shade projected by photovoltaic panels might be explained by the reduced radiant heat load (approximately lower by 40 W m(-2)) compared to that from the cloth. When the intensity of solar radiation increased from 250 to 850 W m(-2), the time the animals spent outside the shades decreased from 96.7 +/- 3.6% to 30.2 +/- 6.3%, which was coupled with a similar increase in the time spent in the shade from photovoltaic panels (from 13.0 +/- 3.3% to 69.3 +/- 6.2%). For the same increase in solar radiation, the energy generated (integrated over 5-min) by the photovoltaic panels increased from 38.8 +/- 5.9 to 197.9 +/- 3.8 kWh. Over a period of one year, an electric energy of 5.19 MWh (monthly average of 432.33 kWh) was generated and 2.77 tons of CO2 were not emitted to the atmosphere. In economic terms, the electric energy generated in one year was equivalent to a saving of $740. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 258 AR 120551 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120551 UT WOS:000525323600130 ER PT J AU de Olde, EM van der Linden, A Bolhaar, LDO de Boer, IJM AF de Olde, E. M. van der Linden, A. Bolhaar, L. D. Olde de Boer, I. J. M. TI Sustainability challenges and innovations in the Dutch egg sector SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB While global demand for eggs is increasing, concerns are being raised about the environmental, economic and social impact of egg production. Efforts to address these sustainability concerns can, however, result in trade-offs. To enhance a transparent debate about future options and limitations in the egg sector, insight is needed in environmental, economic and social sustainability challenges as well as in potential trade-offs involved in addressing these challenges. Based on interviews with 24 stakeholders and supported by scientific literature, this paper presents an overview of current sustainability challenges and trade-offs in the Dutch egg sector. Moreover, the paper provides an overview of innovations suggested by stakeholders that can help to address the identified sustainability challenges, and describes current limitations for the implementation of these innovations. Innovations identified were related to animal health and welfare (n = 13), housing systems (n = 7), economy (n = 8), environment (n = 9), and organisation (n = 6). Stakeholders considered innovations to reduce particulate matter emissions as one with priority. In addition, controlling poultry red mite, approaches to translate costs for environmental investments to consumers, closing manure-feed cycles and improved collaboration in the chain were considered as important steps to address current sustainability challenges. Our results reveal the complex interactions between sustainability challenges in the egg sector and give insight in the different perspectives and considerations stakeholders have. Steps towards sustainable egg production therefore require multi-stakeholder dialogue to find consensus and jointly identify so-called small wins, i.e. meaningful and feasible steps that can contribute to a more sustainable food system. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. OI de Olde, Evelien M./0000-0002-5520-7514 SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 258 AR 120974 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120974 UT WOS:000525323600159 ER PT J AU Fathi, F Sheikhzeinoddin, A Talebnejad, R AF Fathi, Fatemeh Sheikhzeinoddin, Azar Talebnejad, Rezvan TI Environmental and economic risk management of seed maize production in Iran SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Seed maize, as one of the most fundamental agricultural cereals with an important strategic status and function, is cultivated as an important crop in all Iranian provinces, and the government contributes to the sustainable planting of the crop by mitigating its revenue risk. However, sustainable production management of the product is impossible without taking into account environmental risks. Therefore, the present research aims to determine the status of each province relative to other provinces in seed maize production considering economic and environmental risk management, specifically the trade-off between economic and environmental risk by using Water Footprint (WF) as an environmental criterion and Gross Margin (GM) as an economic criterion. Iranian provinces were ranked using Second-Degree Stochastic Dominance (SSD) and Stochastic Dominance with Respect to a Function (SDRF) from an economic and environmental perspective and their trade-offs. According to the results, seed maize production in Iranian provinces is practiced without concomitant consideration of economic and environmental risks, which will not lead to long-run sustainable production. Areas were generally divided into three groups by comparing with current conditions, areas with high economic risk and environmental stability, vice versa and areas with less economic and environmental risk. Therefore, in order to manage the sustainable production of seed maize, different policies should be suggested in different areas. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 258 AR 120772 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120772 UT WOS:000525323600067 ER PT J AU Zhang, CQ Xu, YL AF Zhang, Caiqing Xu, Yilin TI Economic analysis of large-scale farm biogas power generation system considering environmental benefits based on LCA: A case study in China SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Biogas power generation systems present significant environmental and social benefits. Various countries have attached great importance to clean energy production, although its direct economic benefits are not significant. Nonetheless, the increasing interest in biogas projects has enhanced the need for accurate economic analysis. In this paper, an economic analysis method combined with LCA is proposed, and the monetary value of environmental benefits are innovatively added to the income of a biogas project. First, LCA-based environmental benefit analysis is carried out. Second, environmental benefits are calculated in monetary terms with a quantitative method. Finally, environmental benefits are added to the project income. Specifically, the external effect is internalized. In addition, economic indicators of the project are calculated and compared, complemented by a sensitivity analysis. A case study of the Jing An biogas power generation project reveals that its environmental impact is lower by 6264.17 person-equivalent standard loads compared with the impact of coal-fired generation of equivalent power. Furthermore, the net present value and the internal rate of return of this project increase to 59.40 million RMB and 19.85%, respectively, after the monetary value of the environmental benefits is incorporated. The results suggest that the proposed analysis method can reflect the economic benefits of biogas power generation projects more accurately and comprehensively than standard economic analyses and is applicable to large-scale farm biogas power generation projects integrating agriculture, livestock, electricity and fertilizer. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 258 AR 120985 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120985 UT WOS:000525323600058 ER PT J AU Guo, SF Pan, JT Zhai, LM Khoshnevisan, B Wu, SX Wang, HY Yang, B Liu, HB Lei, BK AF Guo, Shufang Pan, Junting Zhai, Limei Khoshnevisan, Benyamin Wu, Shuxia Wang, Hongyuan Yang, Bo Liu, Hongbin Lei, Baokun TI The reactive nitrogen loss and GHG emissions from a maize system after a long-term livestock manure incorporation in the North China Plain SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB The use of livestock manure as a substitution for synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers is recommended to improve the sustainable use of manure nutrients and alleviate the adverse impacts of synthetic N fertilizers on the environment. A thorough understanding of how such substitutions affect reactive N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cereal production systems in the North China Plain (a main livestock production region in China), is needed to achieve an environmental friendly and sustainable production. Based on a long-term field experiment, different manure/chemical fertilizer treatments were designed, i.e., non-fertilization control (CK), chemical fertilizers alone (NPK), and manure substitution for chemical N fertilizers (with equivalent N rate; NPKP, 50% N from pig manure; NPKC, 50% N from chicken manure). Crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), soil fertility, N losses, and GHG emissions were chosen as prominent indicators to evaluate the consequences of manure substitutions for N-based fertilizers. The replacement of synthetic fertilizers by livestock manure decreased NO3-N leaching and NH3 volatilization by 46.2% and 5.61-22.2%, respectively, while sustained the crop yields and improved NUE. However, both NPKP and NPKC treatments did not have any impact on N2O and CO2 mitigation. Compared with NPK, NPKC and NPKP meaningfully increased SOC by 9.56% and 19.6%, respectively. More specifically, NPKC increased TN content by 14.7% (P = 0.05) compared to NPK treatment. The results showed that 50% substitution of manure for synthetic N fertilizers is a potential option inmaize production systems to decrease N losses (including NH3, N2O emissions and N leaching) by approximately 45% (42.8-48.1%). However, only 1.81% of the total farmers surveyed (i.e., 16,595) have being applied livestock manure for maize cultivation in the North China Plain. Therefore, famers in this plain should be encouraged to use manure to improve ecological aspects of cereal cultivation and decrease the associated environmental pollutions. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Pan, Junting/0000-0003-2625-6007 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 720 AR 137558 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137558 UT WOS:000525736600145 PM 32135283 ER PT J AU Shukla, A Shukla, S Hodges, AW Harris, WG AF Shukla, Asmita Shukla, Sanjay Hodges, Alan W. Harris, Willie G. TI Valorization of farm pond biomass as fertilizer for reducing basin-scale phosphorus losses SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Long-term fertilizer phosphorus (P) inputs are causing phosphorous saturation of agricultural soils globally. The saturation is spreading to the edge-of-the-farm stormwater detention systems (SDSs) from where the legacy P is potentially being released to downstream surfacewaters. We use site-specific and literature data for P-saturated SDSs, to develop and evaluate the biogeochemical and economic feasibility of a P recycling program that targets both low (LIC, sugarcane) and high intensity cropping (HIC, fresh-produce) systems within a watershed. The focus is to close the P cycle loop to rejuvenate P sink function of SDSs. It involves harvesting and composting the SDS's biomass and it's on-farm use as an organic fertilizer for crops. Results showed that harvestingcomposting can conservatively increase the P retention from 50% to 77% for HIC and almost complete treatment for LIC. Beyond potentially increasing yield and improving soil health, compost use can further increase in-field retention of P (andwater). Additional costs incurred in harvesting and composting can be offset by the economic value of compost and the reduction in State's expenditure on regional P treatment systems. Treatment costswere $26/kg of P for HIC and $42/kg for LIC, 10 times less than the current state expenditure of $355-$909/kg P using constructedwetlands. We propose an incentivized, payment for services (PS) program, where producers are paid for P recycling. The PS program considers the intensity of cropping systems and their location along the drainage network from headwaters to the outlet, to achieve basin-scale P load reduction. The LIC SDSs recover regional P by passing the public water through them while recycling is implemented at the HIC. The estimated basin-scale P retention with harvest-compost approachwas 854 metric tons, 5 times the P that entered the Everglades Protection Area in 2018, at 88%-93% less cost than the State treatment systems. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 720 AR 137403 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137403 UT WOS:000525736600157 PM 32325557 ER PT J AU Simon, PL Dieckow, J Zanatta, JA Ramalho, B Ribeiro, RH van der Weerden, T de Klein, CAM AF Simon, Priscila L. Dieckow, Jeferson Zanatta, Josileia A. Ramalho, Bruna Ribeiro, Ricardo H. van der Weerden, Tony de Klein, Cecile A. M. TI Does Brachiaria humidicola and dicyandiamide reduce nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from cattle urine patches in the subtropics? SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions frompasture-based livestock systems represent 34% of Brazil's agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The forage species Brachiaria humidicola is known for its biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity and N2O emissions reduction ability from urine patches under tropical conditions. However, there is little information about the effect of BNI on N2O emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilisation in the subtropics. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate the potential of Brachiaria humidicola, compared with Panicum maximum (Jacq. cv. Aries; guinea grass), a broadly used grass (with no BNI capacity), to reduce N2O emissions under subtropical conditions; (ii) determine the efficacy of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) to decrease N2O emissions; and (iii) determine the effect of brachiaria and DCD application on NH3 volatilisation. A field experiment was carried out using a Cambisol, where cattle urine +/- DCD was applied to brachiaria and guinea grass. Over the 67-day measurement period, cumulative N2O emissions were 20% lower from urine patches in the brachiaria treatment (1138 mg N m(-2), Emission factor = 1.06%) compared to guinea grass (1436 mg Nm(-2), Emission factor = 1.33%) (P < .10). A greenhouse experiment, using pots with the same treatments as in the field experiment, suggested that this could have been due to lower soil nitrate levels under brachiaria forage compared to guinea grass, indicating that BNI could be a possible mechanism for lower N2O emissions from brachiaria. The DCD application was effective in both forage species, decreasing N2O emissions by 40-50% (P < .10) compared with the urine only treatment. Approximately 25% of the urine applied N was lost via NH3 volatilisation, however the NH3 loss was not affected by forage species or DCD application (P > .10). Overall, the results demonstrated that brachiaria and DCD use are strategies that can reduce N2O emissions from urine patches. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Ribeiro, Ricardo Henrique/P-6686-2016; Acordi Zanatta, Josileia/B-1107-2013 OI Ribeiro, Ricardo Henrique/0000-0002-6308-5545; van der Weerden, Tony/0000-0002-6999-2584; Dieckow, Jeferson/0000-0002-3025-4402; Acordi Zanatta, Josileia/0000-0002-3214-4864 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 720 AR 137692 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137692 UT WOS:000525736600043 PM 32325603 ER PT J AU Tang, H Nolte, S Jensen, K Yang, Z Wu, J Mueller, P AF Tang, H. Nolte, S. Jensen, K. Yang, Z. Wu, J. Mueller, P. TI Grazing mediates soil microbial activity and litter decomposition in salt marshes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Salt marshes contribute to climate change mitigation because of their great capacity to store organic matter (OM) in soils. Most of the research regarding OM turnover in salt marshes in times of global change focuses on effects of rising temperature and accelerated sea-level rise, while effects of land-use change have gained little attention. The present work investigates the mechanisms by which livestock grazing can affect OM decomposition in salt marsh soils. In a grazing exclusion experiment at the mouth of the Yangtze estuary, China, we assessed soil microbial exo-enzyme activity (EEA) to gain insight into the microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) demand. Additionally, we studied the decomposition of plant litter in soil using the Tea Bag Index (TBI), a widely used standardized litter bag assay to fingerprint soil decomposition dynamics. Based on EEAs, grazing markedly reduced microbial C acquisition, whereas microbial N acquisition was strongly increased. These opposing grazing effects were also evident in the decomposition of standardized plant litter: The decomposition rate constant (k) and the stabilization (S) of litter were not inversely related, as would be expected, but instead both were reduced by livestock grazing. Our data suggest that gazing effects on EEAs and litter decomposition can just partly be explained by grazing-driven soil compaction and resulting lower oxygen availability, which has previously been hypothesized as a main pathway by which grazing can reduce microbial activity in wetland soils. Instead, grazing effects on microbial nutrient demand occurs to be an at least equally important control on soil decomposition processes. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Nolte, Stefanie/U-3398-2017 OI Nolte, Stefanie/0000-0002-8570-241X SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 720 AR 137559 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137559 UT WOS:000525736600068 PM 32325578 ER PT J AU Thomas, IA Buckley, C Kelly, E Dillon, E Lynch, J Moran, B Hennessy, T Murphy, PNC AF Thomas, I. A. Buckley, C. Kelly, E. Dillon, E. Lynch, J. Moran, B. Hennessy, T. Murphy, P. N. C. TI Establishing nationally representative benchmarks of farm-gate nitrogen and phosphorus balances and use efficiencies on Irish farms to encourage improvements SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Agriculture faces considerable challenges of achieving more sustainable production that minimises nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses and meets international obligations for water quality and greenhouse gas emissions. This must involve reducing nutrient balance (NB) surpluses and increasing nutrient use efficiencies (NUEs), which could also improve farm profitability (a win-win). To set targets and motivate improvements in Ireland, nationally representative benchmarks were established for different farm categories (sector, soil group and production intensity). Annual farm-gate NBs (kg ha(-1)) and NUEs (%) for N and P were calculated for 1446 nationally representative farms from 2008 to 2015 using import and export data collected by the Teagasc National Farm Survey (part of the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network). Benchmarks for each category were established using quantile regression analysis and percentile rankings to identify farms with the lowest NB surplus per production intensity and highest gross margins ((sic) ha(-1)). Within all categories, large ranges in NBs and NUEs between benchmark farms and poorer performers show considerable room for nutrient management improvements. Results show that as agriculture intensifies, nutrient surpluses, use efficiencies and gross margins increase, but benchmark farms minimise surpluses to relatively low levels (i.e. are more sustainable). This is due to, per ha, lower fertiliser and feed imports, greater exports of agricultural products, and for dairy, sheep and suckler cattle, relatively high stocking rates. For the ambitious scenario of all non-benchmark farms reaching the optimal benchmark zone, moderate reductions in farm nutrient surpluses were found with great improvements in profitability, leading to a 31% and 9% decrease in N and P surplus nationally, predominantly from dairy and non-suckler cattle. The study also identifies excessive surpluses for each level of production intensity, which could be used by policy in setting upper limits to improve sustainability. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Thomas, Ian/0000-0002-6753-1661 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD JUN 10 PY 2020 VL 720 AR 137245 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137245 UT WOS:000525736600060 PM 32325548 ER PT J AU Egeru, A Dejene, SW Siya, A AF Egeru, Anthony Dejene, Sintayehu W. Siya, Aggrey TI Short report on implications of Covid-19 and emerging zoonotic infectious diseases for pastoralists and Africa SO PASTORALISM-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE AB Many emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases occur in Africa. These are projected to increase as human-animal host contact increases owing to increasing environmental degradation that shrinks nature habitats for wildlife over the continent. The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for causing coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has reinvigorated discourse on the disruptiveness of the zoonotic emerging infectious diseases, owing to their transboundary character. Even as the world focuses on the COVID-19 sweeping pandemic, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS)-CoV re-emerged in Saudi Arabia infecting 18 people with five deaths; this has barely received any attention. This outbreak is particularly of concern to the pastoralists in the Horn of Africa, a region that has in recent past seen an increase in camel trade with the Gulf States, especially Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are complex, depend on human-animal-environment interaction and pose a strain on public health systems. There is a need to address these diseases dynamically through a synergistic approach, drawing on expertise from diverse sectors. One Health approach has distinguished itself as an integrative action able to bring together multiple actors on a global, national and local scale to advance the attainment of optimal health outcomes for people, animals and the environment. One Health works by strengthening the preparedness, response, mitigation and monitoring of zoonotic infectious disease risks collaboratively. We opine that as zoonotic emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases continue to rise over pastoral Africa, comprehensive implementation of the One Health approach will be urgently required. SN 2041-7136 PD JUN 9 PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1186/s13570-020-00173-2 UT WOS:000540884400001 PM 32537120 ER PT J AU Conley, W Kramer, N AF Conley, Will Kramer, Natalie TI Riverine large wood and recreation safety: A framework to discretize and contextualize hazard SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS AB The importance of large wood (LW) to riverine functions is well established scientifically and increasingly recognized by river managers in many countries. However, public perceptions largely associate LW with elevated danger and/or need for intervention. Such perspectives are amplified amongst recreational river users (defined here as any individuals that recreate by floating on the water surface of a river) who interact more directly with rivers than the general public and commonly view wood in life-or-death terms. Given that human life occupies a highest-order charge for river managers, they are left in a difficult position when safety appears to conflict with environmental services. LW deficits are perpetuated partly because wood removal, often in the name of safety, is far easier than placing wood in rivers. Further, river restoration practitioners are frequently burdened with expectations and liability unparalleled in built environments. A fundamentally different mindset is necessary to achieve desired ecologic outcomes when working with rivers. Based on two decades of experience as boaters, LW practitioners, and emergency responders, we (1) discuss LW hazard and risk from recreational and management viewpoints, (2) discretize objective and measurable physical properties of LW hazards, and (3) propose a decision framework that implicitly addresses risk by considering LW hazards relative to river use and ambient hazards. The approach is structured to increase objectivity in LW hazard mitigation and diminish asymmetric biases that favor LW removal. Our intent is to build understanding and rational flexibility among risk-averse management, regulatory, and funding entities to facilitate implementation of scientific understanding without undue risk to river users. (c) 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. OI Conley, William/0000-0001-5087-9621 SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 DI 10.1002/esp.4862 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539009700001 ER PT J AU Herrero-Fresno, A Olsen, JE AF Herrero-Fresno, A. Olsen, J. E. TI Effect of ampicillin, cephalexin, ceftiofur and tetracycline treatment on selection of resistant coliforms in a swine faecal microcosmos SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AB Aims: To analyse and compare the effect of selection power for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in coliforms of two kinds of beta-lactams-aminopenicillins; ampicillin (Amp) and cephalosporins; cephalexin (Cpn) and ceftiofur (Cef)-and tetracycline (Tet) using an approach based on a swine faecal microcosmos. Methods and Results: Sixteen faecal samples from 32 pigs (mixed two by two) were treated with Amp, Cpn, Cef and Tet for 6 h (T6h) at concentrations expected to reach the animals gut when usingin vivostandard doses. Controls (no drug added) were also tested. Next, samples were 1 : 100 diluted and left under the same conditions (no antimicrobial added) for further 20 h (T20h). The proportion of resistant coliform bacteria (R coliforms) to each antimicrobial was analysed just before starting the treatment (T0), at T6h and at T20h. Coselection was also studied by replica plating. Treatment for 6 h yielded significant increase in proportion of R coliforms, regardless of the drug and lack of selection pressure showed different effects at T20h depending on the antimicrobial used. Selective pressure was associated with the type of the beta-lactam with Amp selecting for significantly higher numbers of R coliforms than cephalosporins. Conclusions: AMR development was observed following short treatment, and for Amp and Tet treatment, resistance persisted 20 h beyond the interruption of treatment. An association between kind of beta-lactam and power of selection was found. Significance and Impact of the Study: AMR represents a threat to human health globally and antimicrobial treatment of livestock has a direct impact on this problem. Through our approach based on a swine faecal microcosmos, we demonstrated the effect on AMR development of several drugs commonly used in livestock. Cephalosporins, representing last-line antimicrobials in human medicine, exerted lower selective pressure than Amp under the conditions used and yielded higher proportion of multidrug-R strains. OI Herrero-Fresno, Ana/0000-0001-5026-7852 SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 DI 10.1111/jam.14721 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539127400001 PM 32430970 ER PT J AU Li, Y Dong, SK Gao, QZ Zhang, Y Liu, SL Ganjurjav, H Hu, GZ Wang, XX Yan, YL Wu, HB Gao, XX Li, S Zhang, J AF Li, Yu Dong, Shikui Gao, Qingzhu Zhang, Yong Liu, Shiliang Ganjurjav, Hasbagan Hu, Guozheng Wang, Xuexia Yan, Yulong Wu, Hongbao Gao, Xiaoxia Li, Shuai Zhang, Jing TI Rotational grazing promotes grassland aboveground plant biomass and its temporal stability under changing weather conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB The aboveground biomass (AGB) production of grazed grasslands is mediated by climate, soil nutrients, livestock and other factors. How the biotic and abiotic factors directly or indirectly regulate AGB remains unclear. To fill this gap, from 2014 to 2017, we conducted a rotational grazing experiment to examine the response of AGB to biotic and abiotic factors in Nagqu, a typical alpine meadow community on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Six yaks were rotationally grazed among three plots from July to September, meanwhile, three plots were set up to exclude from livestock as control; climate, plant biomass, and soil nutrients were investigated during grazing experiment, and then structural equation modeling was used to analyze the regulation of environmental factors on AGB. The results showed that precipitation affected AGB via affecting soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), compensatory growth rate, and belowground biomass indirectly; temperature can directly and negatively affected AGB. In contrast grazing exclosure, rotational grazing increased both AGB and its temporal stability in alpine meadow community significantly (p < .05). The temporal stability of the AGB was positively related to the asynchrony between high- and low-palatability herbages (p < .05). In conclusion, rotational grazing should be recommendable for alpine meadow management due to its benefits for community productivity and stability while current stocking rate should be reduced to a reasonable level, especially in a warm and drought year, to sustain plant compensatory growth under grazing. SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3596 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539035400001 ER PT J AU Anile, S Greenspan, E Nielsen, CK AF Anile, Stefano Greenspan, Evan Nielsen, Clayton K. TI Determinants of jaguar occupancy at the northern range edge SO MAMMAL RESEARCH AB Identifying factors promoting jaguar (Panthera onca) occupancy is crucial for planning effective conservation and management actions that can contribute to long-term population viability. We used camera-trapping and modeled factors affecting detection and occupancy for jaguars in Sonora at 149 sites during August-November 2008 and 2009. We measured 24 covariates presumed to affect detection (n = 6) and occupancy (n = 18) at camera sites, including sampling period and various habitat characteristics. We obtained 29 jaguar detections at 19 sites (naive occupancy = 0.12) in 5455 trap-days of effort. Jaguar detectability (p = 0.16 +/- 0.05) was negatively affected by human presence and varied by study year and sampling period. Jaguar occupancy (psi = 0.30 +/- 0.03) increased as prey richness, the abundance of calves of domestic cattle, and the proportion of subtropical vegetation increased. Jaguar occupancy was lower with increased abundance of adult cattle and peccary, and higher levels of fragmentation. Jaguar occupancy in Sonora was hence driven by a diverse combination of factors which should be considered when planning conservation actions. We suggest that managers mitigate the impact of livestock, especially on subtropical habitats, by employing appropriate fencing. Fencing may increase wildlife prey for jaguars, thereby reducing calf depredation by jaguars, while concurrently protecting habitat from overgrazing. Furthermore, providing financial support for ecotourism and compensation for depredation to offset potential jaguar impacts should be considered for jaguar conservation in Sonora. SN 2199-2401 EI 2199-241X DI 10.1007/s13364-020-00511-0 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539162600001 ER PT J AU Veras, ELL Difante, GS Gurgel, ALC Costa, CM Neto, JVE Rodrigues, JG Costa, ABG Pereira, MG Itavo, LCV AF Veras, E. L. L. Difante, G. S. Gurgel, A. L. C. Costa, C. M. Emerenciano Neto, J., V Rodrigues, J. G. Costa, A. B. G. Pereira, M. G. Itavo, L. C., V TI Tillering Capacity of Brachiaria Cultivars in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region During the Dry Season SO TROPICAL ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL AB Identifying forage species that are responsive in regions with marked water deficits is one of the greatest challenges for the sustainable development of agriculture. However, information is still lacking about the persistence response of those pastures and their abilities to produce new tissues at the times of water scarcity. We hypothesized that Brachiaria grass has a tillering capacity during water-stress periods. This study thus examined the tillering capacity and structural characteristics of four Brachiaria brizantha cultivars (Xaraes, Piata, Marandu, and Paiaguas) and one Brachiaria decumbens cultivar (Basilisk) in the Brazilian semi-arid region during the dry season (September to March). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with repeated measures over time in which five treatments were tested in four replicates. Tillering parameters, pasture production, and structural variables were evaluated. There was no interaction effect of cultivar x evaluation period on the tiller appearance (p= 0.1774), mortality (p= 0.1952) or survival (p= 0.4469) rates. The highest tiller appearance and mortality rates were observed in Marandu, while the highest survival rates were found in Marandu and Paiaguas. The index of tiller population stability was higher than or equal to 1.0 in all cultivars. Cultivar Basilisk showed the highest herbage mass yield (4448.0 kg DM ha(-1)), whereas Basilisk exhibited the highest yields of leaf (1845.9 kg DM ha(-1)), stem (1676.9 kg DM ha(-1)), and dead material (925.2 kg DM ha(-1)), The highest leaf:stem ratio (1.8) was found in Marandu. Cultivar Xaraes had the highest canopy (70.8 cm). The B. brizantha and B. decumbens cultivars evaluated in this study have the potential for cultivation in areas with marked water deficits, as is the case of the Brazilian semi-arid region. Cultivars Marandu, Basilisk, and Paiaguas exhibited the greatest tillering dynamics as well as the highest herbage-mass yield. RI ; Emerenciano Neto, Joao Virginio/A-8996-2017 OI Itavo, Luis Carlos Vinhas/0000-0001-6895-8483; Emerenciano Neto, Joao Virginio/0000-0003-3060-9696; Chaves Gurgel, Antonio Leandro/0000-0001-5911-369X SN 2615-787X EI 2615-790X PD JUN 8 PY 2020 VL 43 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.2.133 UT WOS:000540330000006 ER PT J AU Rondhi, M Aji, JMM Khasan, AF Yanuarti, R AF Rondhi, M. Aji, J. M. M. Khasan, A. F. Yanuarti, R. TI Factors Affecting Farmers' Participation in Contract Farming: The Case of Broiler Sector in Indonesia SO TROPICAL ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL AB Contract farming (CF) has been used extensively to integrate broiler value chain both in the developed and developing countries. Participation in CF is associated with the increased farm productivity and farmer income. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting Indonesian broiler farmers' participation in CF. This study used the nationally-representative data of smallholder broiler farmers in Indonesia. The data were the results of the 2014 Indonesian Livestock Farm Household Survey (ILFHS) and consisted of 1,142 farmers distributed in 20 provinces. Logistic regression was used to analyze thirteen factors that potentially affected farmers' decision to participate in CF. Those factors were age, gender, education, household size, farming experience, farm area, broiler population, cooperative membership, cooperative service, farmer group membership, farmer group service, farmer association, and agricultural extension. The results showed that six factors had statistically significant effects on farmers' decision to participate in CF. Education, land size, population, farmer group, and agricultural extension have a positive influence on farmers decisions. Meanwhile, cooperative service has a negative effect. Farmer group and agricultural extension service have the strongest effect on participation in CF. The results suggest that farmer groups and extension services to small scale farmers are promising to improve their participation in CF. SN 2615-787X EI 2615-790X PD JUN 8 PY 2020 VL 43 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.2.183 UT WOS:000540330000012 ER PT J AU Kitonga, K Jamora, N Smale, M Muchugi, A AF Kitonga, Kavengi Jamora, Nelissa Smale, Melinda Muchugi, Alice TI Use and benefits of tree germplasm from the World Agroforestry genebank for smallholder farmers in Kenya SO FOOD SECURITY AB The World Agroforestry (ICRAF) in Kenya plays a key role in conserving tree genetic diversity, thereby contributing to the delivery of ecosystem services in tree-based production systems. This study explored the benefits of using the two most popular fodder tree species among smallholder farmers, sourced from the ICRAF genebank: Calliandra calothyrsus (Calliandra) and Gliricidia sepium (Gliricidia). Through a survey of key informants and genebank users, we examined the benefits derived from the adoption of Calliandra and Gliricidia and the unique role of the ICRAF genebank as the main source of tree germplasm for Kenyan smallholders. The constraints to germplasm access could limit protein fodder supply and the intensity of fertilization in farmers' fields, which in turn could affect productivity in livestock and maize sectors in Kenya. We find that improved food security, higher incomes, increased milk production, reduced vulnerability to drought, reduced soil erosion, and enhanced soil fertility are identified as the main farmer-perceived benefits linked to the use of Calliandra and Gliricidia. The findings demonstrate the importance of agroforestry in the delivery of ecosystem services, in the light of climate change and heightened pressure for sustainable agricultural practices, and the crucial role of the genebank in conserving and distributing unique, high quality tree germplasm. SN 1876-4517 EI 1876-4525 DI 10.1007/s12571-020-01047-6 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538983000001 ER PT J AU Silva, V Peixoto, F Parelho, C Garcia, P Rodrigues, A Silva, A Carvalho, I Pereira, JE Igrejas, G Poeta, PACQD AF Silva, Vanessa Peixoto, Fernando Parelho, Carolina Garcia, Patricia Rodrigues, Armindo Silva, Adriana Carvalho, Isabel Pereira, Jose Eduardo Igrejas, Gilberto Quintas Dinis Poeta, Patricia Alexandra Curado TI Occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in soils subjected to livestock grazing in Azores archipelago: an environment-health pollution issue? SO INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY AB Antibiotics are successful drugs used in human and animal therapy; however, they must be considered as environmental pollutants. This study aims to isolate and characterize the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli soil from Azores Archipelago subjected to livestock agricultural practices. Twenty-four soil samples were collected from three different pasture systems with different number of cattle heads, and from a control site. Antibiotic susceptibility method was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 16 antibiotics, and the presence of genes encoding lactamases, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nine ESBLs were recovered from the three grazing sites, and all isolates presented the beta-lactamase genes bla(CTX-M-3) and bla(SHV). E. coli isolates were resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin and harbored the tetB, strA, and strB genes. One isolate also showed resistance to sulfonamides, and the genes sul1 and sul2 were detected. The isolates were grouped into the following phylogenic groups: B1 (n = 6), D (n = 2), and A (n = 1). The presence of antibiotics and resistance genes in soils may be the source to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which may have negative consequences in human and animal health. SN 1139-6709 EI 1618-1905 DI 10.1007/s10123-020-00134-0 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538969300001 PM 32514644 ER PT J AU Bond, ML Konig, B Lee, DE Ozgu, A Farine, DR AF Bond, Monica L. Koenig, Barbara Lee, Derek E. Ozgu, Arpat Farine, Damien R. TI Proximity to humans affects local social structure in a giraffe metapopulation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY AB Experimental laboratory evidence suggests that animals with disrupted social systems express weakened relationship strengths and have more exclusive social associations, and that these changes have functional consequences. A key question is whether anthropogenic pressures have a similar impact on the social structure of wild animal communities. We addressed this question by constructing a social network from 6 years of systematically collected photographic capture-recapture data spanning 1,139 individual adult female Masai giraffes inhabiting a large, unfenced, heterogeneous landscape in northern Tanzania. We then used the social network to identify distinct social communities, and tested whether social or anthropogenic and other environmental factors predicted differences in social structure among these communities. We reveal that giraffes have a multilevel social structure. Local preferences in associations among individuals scale up to a number of distinct, but spatially overlapping, social communities, that can be viewed as a large interconnected metapopulation. We then find that communities that are closer to traditional compounds of Indigenous Masai people express weaker relationship strengths and the giraffes in these communities are more exclusive in their associations. The patterns we characterize in response to proximity to humans reflect the predictions of disrupted social systems. Near bomas, fuelwood cutting can reduce food resources, and groups of giraffes are more likely to encounter livestock and humans on foot, thus disrupting the social associations among group members. Our results suggest that human presence could potentially be playing an important role in determining the conservation future of this megaherbivore. RI Lee, Derek/E-1131-2013 OI Lee, Derek/0000-0002-1042-9543; Konig, Barbara/0000-0001-7696-4736; Bond, Monica/0000-0001-8500-6564; Farine, Damien/0000-0003-2208-7613 SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.13247 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538721500001 PM 32515083 ER PT J AU Ashby, MA Whyatt, JD Rogers, K Marrs, RH Stevens, CJ AF Ashby, Mark A. Whyatt, James Duncan Rogers, Karen Marrs, Rob H. Stevens, Carly J. TI Quantifying the recent expansion of native invasive rush species in a UK upland environment SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY AB Rushes, such as soft rush (Juncus effusus L.), hard rush (Juncus inflexus L.), and compact rush (Juncus conglomeratus L.) have become problem species within upland grasslands across the United Kingdom and the coastal grasslands of western Norway. Indeed, being largely unpalatable to livestock and having a vigorous reproductive ecology means that they can rapidly come to dominate swards. However, rush dominance results in a reduction in grassland biodiversity and farm productivity. Anecdotal evidence from the United Kingdom suggests that rush cover within marginal upland grasslands has increased considerably in recent decades. Yet, there is currently no published evidence to support this observation. Here, we use recent and historical Google Earth imagery to measure changes in rush frequency over a 13-year period within four survey years: 2005, 2009, 2015, and 2018. During each survey year, we quantified rush presence or absence using a series of quadrats located within 300 upland grassland plots in the West Pennine Moors, United Kingdom. Data were analysed in two stages, first, by calculating mean rush frequencies per sample year using all the available plot-year combinations (the full dataset), and second by examining differences in rush frequency using only the plots for which rush frequency data were available in every sample year (the continuous dataset). The full dataset indicated that rush frequency has increased by 82% between 2005 and 2018. Similarly, the continuous dataset suggested that rush frequency has increased by 174% over the same period, with the increases in frequency being statistically significant (p < .05) between 2005-2018 and 2009-2018. We discuss the potential drivers of rush expansion in the West Pennine Moors, the ecological and agronomic implications of grassland rush infestations, and priorities for future research. OI Marrs, Robert/0000-0002-0664-9420 SN 0003-4746 EI 1744-7348 DI 10.1111/aab.12602 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538575900001 ER PT J AU Chen, J Frank, DA AF Chen, Ji Frank, Douglas A. TI Herbivores stimulate respiration from labile and recalcitrant soil carbon pools in grasslands of Yellowstone National Park SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Quantifying the effects of grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is of crucial importance for understanding soil C dynamics. However, less attention has been paid to the pool-specific SOC decomposition and the underlying factors associated with each C pool, representing critical knowledge gaps on soil C dynamics. In this study, we applied a state-of-the-art Bayesian data assimilation technique to re-analyze previous soil incubation data to examine how herbivores influenced the fraction and cumulative respiration of labile and recalcitrant soil C pools from seven edaphically diverse sites in Yellowstone National Park, whereas those variables were not explored in the earlier study. Our results showed that grazing significantly increased cumulative respiration from both labile and recalcitrant C pools. Greater cumulative respiration from the labile C pool was related to grazers increasing labile C pool fractions, while higher cumulative respiration from the recalcitrant C pool was associated with grazers accelerating the decomposition rate of the recalcitrant C pool. Cumulative respiration from both labile and recalcitrant C pools was positively correlated with shoot biomass, soil gravimetric moisture, and soil C and nitrogen content. Our results underscore how knowledge of pool-specific SOC decomposition can provide a better mechanistic understanding of soil C dynamics along topo-edaphic gradients in grazed grassland. SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3656 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538296200001 ER PT J AU Monfort-Bague, IP Vega-Garcia, C Jurguens, J Teixido, A Casals, P AF Pilar Monfort-Bague, Iris Vega-Garcia, Cristina Jurguens, Jordi Teixido, Anna Casals, Pere TI Stem selection reduces the resprouting vigor of box-tree (Buxus sempervirens L.) understory in sub-Mediterranean pine forest SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH AB Understory cover may constraint tree regeneration, impair livestock grazing and increase wildfire hazard. While prescribed burning and thinning are potential options for managing understory, resprouting vigor of large shrubs and small trees negatively affects their cost-benefit ratio. Selection of the largest stem and cleaning the rest of the stools can be an alternative option, if the stem left competes with resprouts for belowground resources. Alternatively, resources stored in the reserved stem may promote the growth of resprouts. Although few studies documented the effects of stem selection on resprouting vigor, no information is available for understory species. This study assessed the effect of stem selection (SS) in comparison to cleaning (CC) on resprouting vigor of box-tree. Both options were randomly applied to individuals growing in the understory of black pine forest in four localities. The resprout number resprouts (Rn) and the maximum resprout length (Lmax) were modeled against treatment, stand canopy cover, and pre-treatment stool basal area. Light availability at the individual level was assessed in a subset (n = 38) growing in two localities. Rn and Lmax were lower in SS than in CC. SS apparently inhibited bud initiation and prompted the reserved stem to compete for belowground resources with new resprouts. Resprouting was negatively related to the stand canopy cover. This effect of light availability was corroborated when measured at the individual level. As a conclusion, the implementation of SS in sub-Mediterranean forests with understory dominated by box-tree is a better management alternative than CC for fuel and forest management purposes. SN 1612-4669 EI 1612-4677 DI 10.1007/s10342-020-01297-1 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538668400001 ER PT J AU Ngari, NN Gamba, DO Olet, PA Zhao, WN Paone, M Cecchi, G AF Ngari, Nancy N. Gamba, Daniel O. Olet, Pamela A. Zhao, Weining Paone, Massimo Cecchi, Giuliano TI Developing a national atlas to support the progressive control of tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomosis in Kenya SO PARASITES & VECTORS AB BackgroundAfrican animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is a major livestock disease in Kenya. Even though, over the years various organizations have collected a vast amount of field data on tsetse and AAT in different parts of the country, recent national-level maps are lacking. To address this gap, a national atlas of tsetse and AAT distribution is being developed by the Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Council (KENTTEC) and partners.MethodsAll data collected by KENTTEC from 2006 to 2019 were systematically assembled, georeferenced and harmonized. A comprehensive data repository and a spatially-explicit database were created. Input data were collected mainly in the context of control activities, and include both baseline surveys (i.e. pre-intervention) and the subsequent monitoring during and after interventions. Surveys were carried out in four regions (i.e. Western, Rift Valley, Central and Coast), and in 21 of the 47 counties in Kenya. Various devices were used for entomological data collection (i.e. biconical, NGU and H traps, and sticky panels), while the buffy-coat technique was the method used to detect AAT.ResultsTsetse trapping was carried out in approximately 5000 locations, and flies (>71,000) were caught in all four investigated regions. Six species of Glossina were detected: G. pallidipes (87% of the catches); G. brevipalpis (8%); G. fuscipes fuscipes (4%); G. longipennis (<1%); G. austeni (<1%); and G. swynnertoni (<1%). A total of 49,785 animals (98% of which cattle) were tested for AAT in approximately 500 locations. Of these, 914 animals were found to be infected. AAT was confirmed in all study regions, in particular caused by Trypanosoma vivax (48% of infections) and T. congolense (42%). Fewer cases of T. brucei were found.ConclusionsThe development and regular update of a comprehensive national database of tsetse and AAT is crucial to guide decision making for the progressive control of the disease. This first version of the atlas based on KENTTEC data has achieved a remarkable level of geographical coverage, but temporal and spatial gaps still exist. Other stakeholders at the national and international level will contribute to the initiative, thus improving the completeness of the atlas. OI Cecchi, Giuliano/0000-0002-6413-7298 SN 1756-3305 PD JUN 5 PY 2020 VL 13 IS 1 DI 10.1186/s13071-020-04156-5 UT WOS:000540331600004 PM 32503681 ER PT J AU Yang, F Liu, ZH Zhao, M Mu, Q Che, TY Xie, YC Ma, LN Mi, L Li, JQ Zhao, YH AF Yang, Feng Liu, Zhihong Zhao, Meng Mu, Qing Che, Tianyu Xie, Yuchun Ma, Lina Mi, Lu Li, Jinquan Zhao, Yanhong TI Skin transcriptome reveals the periodic changes in genes underlying cashmere (ground hair) follicle transition in cashmere goats SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background Cashmere goats make an outstanding contribution to the livestock textile industry and their cashmere is famous for its slenderness and softness and has been extensively studied. However, there are few reports on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the secondary hair follicle growth cycle in cashmere goats. In order to explore the regular transition through the follicle cycle and the role of key genes in this cycle, we used a transcriptome sequencing technique to sequence the skin of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats during different months. We analyzed the variation and difference in genes throughout the whole hair follicle cycle. We then verified the regulatory mechanism of the cashmere goat secondary hair follicle growth cycle using fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The growth cycle of cashmere hair could be divided into three distinct periods: a growth period (March-September), a regression period (September-December), and a resting period (December-March). The results of differential gene analyses showed that March was the most significant month. Cluster analysis of gene expression throughout the whole growth cycle further supported the key nodes of the three periods of cashmere growth, and the differential gene expression of keratin corresponding to the ground haircashmere growth cycle further supported the results from tissue slices. Quantitative fluorescence analysis showed that KAP3-1, KRTAP 8-1, and KRTAP 24-1 genes had close positive correlation with the cashmere growth cycle, and their regulation was consistent with the growth cycle of cashmere. Conclusion The growth cycle of cashmere cashmere could be divided into three distinct periods: a growth period (March-September), a regression period (September-December) and a resting period (December-March). March was considered to be the beginning of the cycle. KAP and KRTAP showed close positive correlation with the growth cycle of secondary hair follicle cashmere growth, and their regulation was consistent with the cashmere growth cycle. But hair follicle development-related genes are expressed earlier than cashmere growth, indicating that cycle regulation could alter the temporal growth of cashmere. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the study of the cashmere development cycle and provided evidence for key genes during transition through the cashmere cycle. Our study provides a theoretical basis for cashmere goat breeding. SN 1471-2164 PD JUN 5 PY 2020 VL 21 IS 1 AR 392 DI 10.1186/s12864-020-06779-5 UT WOS:000540265100002 PM 32503427 ER PT J AU Mehtarpour, M Takian, A Eshrati, B Jaafaripooyan, E AF Mehtarpour, Mojtaba Takian, Amirhossein Eshrati, Babak Jaafaripooyan, Ebrahim TI Control of antimicrobial resistance in Iran: the role of international factors SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH AB BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently causing various challenges for all countries around the world. Accordingly, the WHO is placing a great emphasis on the global partnership and allinaces to drive countries towards developing policy guidances and a strategic framework for AMR contatiment. This study thus seeks to elaborate on the international factors underlying AMR management in Iran.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with managers from the Ministry of health (n=14), Iran veterinary organization (n=4), the national professional associations (n=3) and researchers (n=3), between November 2018 and July 2019. Participants were selected using purposeful and snowball sampling. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and were subsequently coded and analyzed thematically using MAXQDA software (V.18) and reported.ResultsInternational enabling and predisposing factors were identified in relation to the AMR control in the country. Enabling factors included knowledge transfer, facilitation in policy agenda setting, formulation and implementaion process, and AMR monitoring. Predisposing factors, alternatively, encompassed the migration of infectious patients, trafficking of medicine and livestock from neighboring countries, and the imposed sanctions.ConclusionNowadays, AMR is taken cognizance of as a global challenge, thus to be addressed effectively, needs an international consensus more than ever. This harmony would not certainly underrate national efforts, but instead, is needed to reinforce such efforts through e.g. technical and financial assistance. It is suggested for policymakers to use all available political and legal means such as health diplomacy to establish humanitarian channels in order to enhance global convention and remove possible barriers as the sanctions and reduce their adverse consequences for AMR control. EI 1471-2458 PD JUN 5 PY 2020 VL 20 IS 1 AR 873 DI 10.1186/s12889-020-09006-8 UT WOS:000540261700014 PM 32503497 ER PT J AU Wang, H Xu, DY Guan, EJ Wang, L Zhang, J Wang, CT Wang, S Xu, H Meng, XJ Yang, B Gates, BC Xiao, FS AF Wang, Hai Xu, Dongyang Guan, Erjia Wang, Liang Zhang, Jian Wang, Chengtao Wang, Sai Xu, Hua Meng, Xiangju Yang, Bo Gates, Bruce C. Xiao, Feng-Shou TI Atomically Dispersed Ru on Manganese Oxide Catalyst Boosts Oxidative Cyanation SO ACS CATALYSIS AB There is a strong incentive for environmentally benign and sustainable production of organic nitriles to avoid the use of toxic cyanides. Here we report that manganese oxide nanorod-supported single-site Ru catalysts are active, selective, and stable for oxidative cyanation of various alcohols to give the corresponding nitriles with molecular oxygen and ammonia as the reactants. The very low amount of Ru (0.1 wt %) with atomic dispersion boosts the catalytic performance of manganese oxides. Experimental and theoretical results show how the Ru sites enhance the ammonia resistance of the catalyst, bolstering its performance in alcohol dehydrogenation and oxygen activation, the key steps in the oxidative cyanation. This investigation demonstrates the high efficiency of a single-site Ru catalyst for nitrile production. RI Yang, Bo/D-2691-2012 OI Yang, Bo/0000-0001-6904-6646 SN 2155-5435 PD JUN 5 PY 2020 VL 10 IS 11 BP 6299 EP 6308 DI 10.1021/acscatal.0c00485 UT WOS:000538766900035 ER PT J AU Luz, ED Soares, AAV Goulare, SL Carvalho, AG Monteiro, TC Protasio, TD AF Luz, Elizangela da Silva Vieira Soares, Alvaro Augusto Goulare, Selma Lopes Carvalho, Amelia Guimaraes Monteiro, Thiago Campos Protasio, Thiago de Paula TI Challenges of the lumber production in the Amazon region: relation between sustainability of sawmills, process yield and logs quality SO ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY AB There has been an increasing global demand for more sustainable production systems, especially in what concerns goods produced from natural tropical forests. The lumber industry in the Brazilian Amazon region produces a significant volume of lumber, and as a consequence of frequent non-optimal procedures, considerable amounts of waste are generated. In order to optimize the timber production and to minimize the environmental damage associated with low yields of sawmills, two features are indispensable: the lumber yield and the quality of the logs. The aim of this research was to analyze the wood quality and lumber yield of logs of tree species harvested from natural stands in the Amazon rainforest. A total of 120 logs from 21 tree species were harvested from natural stands in the state of Para, Brazil, and analyzed for wood quality. Out of these, 60 logs were evaluated for lumber yield. The most common defects found in the logs were flattening, surface cracks, and eccentricity of the pith. By means of the principal component analysis, the Mezilaurus itauba, Protium decandrum, and Caryocar villosum species stood out. The average lumber yield was 45%. The Bowdichia nitida and C. villosum species presented the highest yield values (average of 63%). There was a trend of correlation between the lumber yield and the quality of the logs. Based on the methodology used to analyze the quality of the logs, inferences can be made on the yield of the logging and, consequently, the sustainability of the timber industries in the Brazilian Amazon. RI Monteiro, Thiago Campos/I-1770-2018; de Paula Protasio, Thiago/B-2270-2018 OI Monteiro, Thiago Campos/0000-0002-3819-7035; de Paula Protasio, Thiago/0000-0002-5560-8350; Carvalho, Amelia/0000-0003-0758-315X; Soares, Alvaro/0000-0002-0003-8354 SN 1387-585X EI 1573-2975 DI 10.1007/s10668-020-00797-9 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538207100002 ER PT J AU Li, X Yang, J Shen, M Xie, XL Liu, GJ Xu, YX Lv, FH Yang, H Yang, YL Liu, CB Zhou, P Wan, PC Zhang, YS Gao, L Yang, JQ Pi, WH Ren, YL Shen, ZQ Wang, F Deng, J Xu, SS Salehian-Dehkordi, H Hehua, E Esmailizadeh, A Dehghani-Qanatqestani, M Tpnek, O Weimann, C Erhardt, G Amane, A Mwacharo, JM Han, JL Hanotte, O Lenstra, JA Kantanen, J Coltman, DW Kijas, JW Bruford, MW Periasamy, K Wang, XH Li, MH AF Li, Xin Yang, Ji Shen, Min Xie, Xing-Long Liu, Guang-Jian Xu, Ya-Xi Lv, Feng-Hua Yang, Hua Yang, Yong-Lin Liu, Chang-Bin Zhou, Ping Wan, Peng-Cheng Zhang, Yun-Sheng Gao, Lei Yang, Jing-Quan Pi, Wen-Hui Ren, Yan-Ling Shen, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Feng Deng, Juan Xu, Song-Song Salehian-Dehkordi, Hosein Hehua, Eer Esmailizadeh, Ali Dehghani-Qanatqestani, Mostafa Tpnek, Ondej Weimann, Christina Erhardt, Georg Amane, Agraw Mwacharo, Joram M. Han, Jian-Lin Hanotte, Olivier Lenstra, Johannes A. Kantanen, Juha Coltman, David W. Kijas, James W. Bruford, Michael W. Periasamy, Kathiravan Wang, Xin-Hua Li, Meng-Hua TI Whole-genome resequencing of wild and domestic sheep identifies genes associated with morphological and agronomic traits SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS AB Understanding the genetic changes underlying phenotypic variation in sheep (Ovis aries) may facilitate our efforts towards further improvement. Here, we report the deep resequencing of 248 sheep including the wild ancestor (O. orientalis), landraces, and improved breeds. We explored the sheep variome and selection signatures. We detected genomic regions harboring genes associated with distinct morphological and agronomic traits, which may be past and potential future targets of domestication, breeding, and selection. Furthermore, we found non-synonymous mutations in a set of plausible candidate genes and significant differences in their allele frequency distributions across breeds. We identified PDGFD as a likely causal gene for fat deposition in the tails of sheep through transcriptome, RT-PCR, qPCR, and Western blot analyses. Our results provide insights into the demographic history of sheep and a valuable genomic resource for future genetic studies and improved genome-assisted breeding of sheep and other domestic animals. Genetic resources for livestock are valuable for understanding their demography and past selection, and may inform future breeding programs and agricultural improvement. Here, the authors present deep resequencing of 248 wild and domestic sheep, with associated data and analysis. OI Liu, Guangjian/0000-0001-6306-5870 SN 2041-1723 PD JUN 4 PY 2020 VL 11 IS 1 DI 10.1038/s41467-020-16485-1 UT WOS:000540513300008 PM 32499537 ER PT J AU Kim, M Kim, W AF Kim, Minji Kim, Wonjun TI Top-down thermal tracking based on rotatable elliptical motion model for intelligent livestock breeding SO MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS AB Thermal sensors bring a lot of benefits for object tracking due to the robustness to lighting changes over time, which still give a great difficulty to traditional tracking methods. Despite this powerful advantage, the ambiguity due to background clutters and occlusions makes the problem of thermal sensor-based tracking intractable. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for multiple object tracking in livestock breeding spaces using a single thermal sensor. The key idea of the proposed method is to define a new rotatable elliptical motion model, which is suitable for describing complicated motions of animals. Moreover, the proposed local constraint guides our tracker to robustly chase targets even with severe occlusions. Experimental results on various thermal video sequences show the significant improvement for tracking animals compared to other approaches proposed in the literature. SN 0942-4962 EI 1432-1882 DI 10.1007/s00530-020-00658-5 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000537983700001 ER PT J AU Qu, ZW Zhu, H Grimme, S AF Qu, Zheng-Wang Zhu, Hui Grimme, Stefan TI Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using Hydroboranes: New DFT Mechanistic Insights SO CHEMCATCHEM AB Catalytic CO2 reduction is attractive for the sustainable production of value-added fuels and chemicals. Prevented by an unclear mechanistic picture, only a few frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalysts are known for the efficient CO2 reduction under mild conditions using hydroboranes as reductant. For the first time, based on extensive DFT calculations, very efficient mechanisms for all steps of the FLP-catalyzed reduction of CO2 to various products of boryl formate, H2CO, bis(boryl) acetal and methoxyl borane are revealed. Zwitterionic B/P FLP-H2CO adducts are confirmed as active catalyst via the Lewis-basic CH2O "oxide" center. Strong O and N Lewis-bases are very active in promoting hydride transfer from hydroboranes to CO2 and strongly bound to the boryl group of reduced species. This can be modulated by Lewis acids in FLP catalysts for well-balanced catalytic activity, which is crucial for further design of novel catalytic process. SN 1867-3880 EI 1867-3899 DI 10.1002/cctc.202000604 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000537519600001 ER PT J AU Razzaq, ZU Khan, MKI Maan, AA Rahman, SU AF Razzaq, Zafar Ullah Khan, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Maan, Abid Aslam Rahman, Sajjad Ur TI Characterization of single cell protein fromSaccharomyces cerevisiaefor nutritional, functional and antioxidant properties SO JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION AB Malnutrition is a serious issue in the developing countries especially in Pakistan. It may be due to ever growing population, urbanization and industrialization along with decrease in agricultural lands. It ultimately is an alarming situation for food security, thus, there is a need to look for alternate sources for food and nutrition security. Therefore, the objective of this project was to produce single cell protein (SCP), as a non-conventional food source fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae, a step toward sustainable production. In this study, effect of various temperature and nitrogen levels were investigated on SCP yield. Results indicated that maximum amount of SCP (9.18 g) was obtained at 30 degrees C for 6 days on sugar beet bagasse which was supplemented with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source. It is rich in protein (47.78 +/- 2.39%) contents with sufficient amount of fat (2.34 +/- 0.11%), fiber (3.42 +/- 0.17%) and ash (7.9 +/- 0.4%). Furthermore, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (42.45% of total fats) to saturated fatty acids was 0.73. Similarly, SCP contained broad spectrum of essential amino acids like leucine (43.5 +/- 0.21 g/kg), valine (38.3 +/- 0.19 g/kg), lysine (31.4 +/- 0.15 g/kg). Besides, SCP was suitable for utilization in food formulations considering the results for functional properties (bulk density, water and oil absorption capacities, foaming and emulsion behaviors). The scavenging activity (36.65%), beta-carotene bleaching activity (38.16%) and FRAP (46.93 mmol trolox Eq/g) values exhibited the potential of SCP functional food. In short, SCP is good source of protein and may be in food products and supplements. SN 2193-4126 EI 2193-4134 DI 10.1007/s11694-020-00498-x EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000539436900001 ER PT J AU Wei, YY Zhan, QM Zhu, XX Yan, AF Feng, J Liu, L Li, JH Tang, DS AF Wei, Yan-yan Zhan, Qun-mei Zhu, Xiang-xing Yan, Ai-fen Feng, Juan Liu, Lian Li, Jian-hao Tang, Dong-sheng TI Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in Guangdong small-ear spotted pig cells using an optimized electrotransfection method SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS AB Objectives Guangdong Small-ear Spotted (GDSS) pigs are a pig breed native to China that possesses unfortunate disadvantages, such as slow growth rate, low lean-meat percentage, and reduced feed utilization. In contrast to traditional genetic breeding methods with long cycle time and high cost, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing for the modification of the pig genome can quickly improve production traits, and therefore this technique exhibits important potential in the genetic improvement and resource development of GDSS pigs. In the present study, we aimed to establish an efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing system for GDSS pig cells by optimizing the electrotransfection parameters, and to realize efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of GDSS pig cells. Results After optimization of electrotransfection parameters for the transfection of GDSS pig cells, we demonstrated that a voltage of 150 V and a single pulse with a pulse duration of 20 ms were the optimal electrotransfection parameters for gene editing in these cells. In addition, our study generated GDSS pig single-cell colonies with biallelic mutations in the myostatin (MSTN) gene and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) intron-3 locus, which play an important role in pig muscle growth and muscle development. The single-cell colonies showed no foreign gene integration or off-target effects, and maintained normal cell morphology and viability. These gene-edited, single-cell colonies can in the future be used as donor cells to generate MSTN- and IGF2-edited GDSS pigs using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Conclusions This study establishes the foundation for genetic improvement and resource development of GDSS pigs using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing combined with SCNT. SN 0141-5492 EI 1573-6776 DI 10.1007/s10529-020-02930-0 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538485300001 PM 32494996 ER PT J AU do Nascimento, AF de Oliveira, CM Pedreira, BC Pereira, DH Rodrigues, RRD AF do Nascimento, Alexandre Ferreira de Oliveira, Carine Moreira Pedreira, Bruno Carneiro Pereira, Dalton Henrique de Aragao Rodrigues, Renato Ribeiro TI Nitrous oxide emissions and forage accumulation in the Brazilian Amazon forage-livestock systems submitted to N input strategies SO GRASSLAND SCIENCE AB In the Brazilian Amazon, nitrogen input strategies are required to maintain forage-livestock systems productivity. However, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions mitigation from tropical soils is also a global demand. This research aims to assess productivity and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Oxisol cultivated with Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. Ex A.Rich.] Stapf) submitted to nitrogen (N) input strategies (N fertilization and biological N fixation) in the Brazilian Amazon. The treatments were the following: control (unfertilized); U40 (fertilized with 40 kg N/ha as urea); U80 (fertilized with 80 kg N/ha as urea); AS40 (fertilized with 40 kg N/ha as ammonium sulfate); AS80 (fertilized with 80 kg N/ha as ammonium sulfate); and IAB (inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense). From January to March 2016, soil N2O emission, forage accumulation (FA) and relative emission (RE) were assessed during two 28-day cycles. The FA was greater in the U80 and AS80 than in control and IAB. The highest peaks of soil N2O flux occurred from 4 to 7 days after N fertilization, primarily in the highest N rates treatments. Overall, 40 kg N/ha resulted in higher N2O flux than control and IAB, which were lower than 80 kg N/ha regardless of the N source. The lowest fluxes occurred in the control and IAB (below 20 mu g N-N2O m(-2) hr(-1)). All of the emission factors (EF) calculated for both fertilizers and rates were lower than 0.35%, which is below the 1% established by the IPCC. Our results indicate the need for discussion of the EF in the pasture intensification to contribute to avoid deforestation and mitigating emissions. The inputs of 40 kg N/ha per application with urea or ammonium sulfate, due to the low EF and RE, are recommended as a pasture N input strategy in the Brazilian Amazon. RI Pedreira, Bruno/C-2306-2018 OI Pedreira, Bruno/0000-0003-4663-954X SN 1744-6961 EI 1744-697X DI 10.1111/grs.12287 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000537383800001 ER PT J AU de Andrade, DF Jank, L Rego, VB Minozzo, R Sfoggia, MVB Bavaresco, A Barreto, F AF de Andrade, Diego Fontana Jank, Louise Rego, Vitor Breda Minozzo, Roberto Sfoggia, Marcus Vinicius Burgel Bavaresco, Alvaro Barreto, Fabiano TI A liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) method for identification analysis of saponins from Quillaja saponaria bark extracts in foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: Development, validation and applicability SO BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Saponins from Quillaja saponaria have been commonly used as immunomodulatory adjuvants in foot-and-mouth disease vaccines (FMDVs). However, due to the lack of consensus over the possible exacerbation of local inflammatory responses in cattle and its economic impacts, their use has been discouraged by Brazilian authorities. A qualitative method intended to determine the presence of saponins from Q. saponaria bark extracts in FMDVs was developed and validated. Instrumental analysis was performed using an liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) system. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization Harmonized Tripartite Guideline Q2 (R1) and Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Analytical Quality Assurance Guidelines. Validation parameters were determined and considered suitable to the established criteria. The validated method has been applied in routine analysis in the National Agricultural Laboratory at Rio Grande do Sul (LANAGRO-RS). All results obtained were in agreement with the vaccine's composition described by the manufacturer. The method is easy and adequate for analysis in routine laboratories. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a method which intends to investigate the presence of saponins from Q. saponaria bark extracts in veterinary vaccines. RI Fontana de Andrade, Diego/O-9618-2018 OI Fontana de Andrade, Diego/0000-0003-4639-3519 SN 0269-3879 EI 1099-0801 AR e4873 DI 10.1002/bmc.4873 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000537194600001 PM 32367529 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Manchon, S Caceres, I Valenzuela-Lamas, S Lopez, D Gardeisen, A AF Jimenez-Manchon, Sergio Caceres, Isabel Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia Lopez, Dani Gardeisen, Armelle TI Can bone surface modifications help to identify livestock pens? The case of the Iron Age settlement of El Turo de la Font de la Canya (Barcelona, Spain) SO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Identification of animal pens offers relevant information as to livestock practices in late prehistoric societies. To date, livestock pens have been identified particularly in caves thanks to the recognition of fumier deposits. However, that is more complex in open-air settlements because dung degrades more rapidly and macroscopic features are not often visible. In spite of that, these features have been recognised by microscopic analyses (e.g. soil chemical analyses, presence of parasites and spherulites) or by indirect indicators such as polished walls produced by recurrent rubbing by animals. This paper proposes the use of Bone Surface Modifications (BSM) as a possible indicator to identify animal pens in open-air settlements. Mechanical bone modifications resulting from either trampling or gnawing by pigs and by domestic herbivores are the main indicators. The current findings are gleaned from the faunal assemblage of the Iron Age settlement of El Turo de la Font de la Canya (Barcelona, Spain). OI Jimenez Manchon, Sergio/0000-0002-2244-8813 SN 1866-9557 EI 1866-9565 PD JUN 2 PY 2020 VL 12 IS 6 AR UNSP 126 DI 10.1007/s12520-020-01068-4 UT WOS:000538086200001 ER PT J AU De Los Angeles, A AF De Los Angeles, Alejandro TI Monkey Embryos Cultured to 20 Days SO STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT AB Gastrulation is a phase in early mammalian development when the three germ layers are generated and body plan is formed. Although well studied in mice, much less is known about gastrulation in humans. Owing to the lack of access to primary human tissue for study and experimental manipulation, as well as legal and ethical constraints surrounding the use of human embryos, a dissection of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this process in humans has proven elusive. Nonhuman primates, owing to their relatedness to human species, comprise a tantalizing alternative model system for understanding human biology. Two recent studies have established novel systems to study monkey embryos for 20 days, demonstrating landmark events of early primate embryogenesis with possible relevance to human development. Most strikingly, cells grown in the dish closely resembled cells in in vivo embryos, suggesting that embryo development in a dish might actually be equivalent to that which occurs in vivo. In this piece, the author discusses the tremendous potential of these new methods to unveil insights into mechanisms that mediate primate embryo development. Moreover, repurposing the extended monkey embryo culture methods to create human-monkey embryonic chimeras would aid the development of strategies to create human organs inside livestock species. Finally, the ethical and regulatory issues that emerge from reconsideration of extending time limits for human embryo culture beyond 14 days or primitive streak formation are also briefly considered. SN 1547-3287 EI 1557-8534 DI 10.1089/scd.2020.0006 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538181200001 PM 32375565 ER PT J AU Naess, MW AF Naess, Marius Warg TI Cultural Group Selection and the Evolution of Reindeer Herding in Norway SO HUMAN ECOLOGY AB Herding can be characterized as a coordination game with two strategies for minimising risk: increase herd size (livestock quantity) or increase livestock body mass (livestock quality). In this paper I demonstrate that the selection of herd maximisation as a risk management strategy in the Northern parts of Norway has been influenced by a history of intra-group competition exacerbating herder conflict and lack of trust. In the South herder-farmer conflicts have increased herder coordination and trust, resulting in the selection of increasing livestock quality as the dominant risk management strategy. OI Naess, Marius Warg/0000-0002-2973-5954 SN 0300-7839 EI 1572-9915 DI 10.1007/s10745-020-00158-0 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000537381700001 ER PT J AU Helayel, MA da Cunha, NC Moron, SE da Silva, PCAR da Cunha, IM Chenard, MG Xavier, M Carvalho, VDN Nunes, GD Lopes, SD AF Helayel, Michel Abdalla da Cunha, Nathalie Costa Moron, Sandro Estevam Amaral Ribeiro da Silva, Paulo Cesar da Cunha, Isabelle Magalhaes Chenard, Marina Galindo Xavier, Marcia Nogueira Carvalho, Vivian de Assuncao Nunes, Guilherme de Souza Lopes, Samara de Paula TI Comparative Analysis between Portable Glucometer and Enzyme Method for Measurement of Blood Glucose Levels in Cattle SO ACTA SCIENTIAE VETERINARIAE AB Background: Changes in glycemic levels can negatively affect the body. Several techniques for the measurement of blood glucose have been described, but the enzymatic method is considered standard and more accurate in both humans and animals. The College of American Pathologists recommends the use of portable glucometers (PGs), which are routinely used in human medicine because this is an easy, relatively inexpensive method that delivers results quickly. The aim of this study was to compare the results of the measurement of blood glucose in cattle obtained using portable Accu-Check (R) glucometer with the enzymatic method (EM), which is still considered standard. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty crossbred cattle (Bos taurus), male and female, of different ages were evaluated. Through a puncture of the jugular vein, 10 mL of blood was collected, and one drop was immediately used in an AccuChek (R) PG; the remaining blood was stored in tubes containing sodium fluoride and tubes containing EDTA. The samples were packaged and sent to the laboratory for processing. Blood glucose was measured in the sodium fluoride samples using the enzymatic-colorimetric method (EM) employing Labtest (R) glucose kits with automatic ELISA spectrophotometer readings. The glycemic values obtained in this study with PG and EM ranged from 62 to 163.3 mg/dL. Mean glucose concentrations for the PG and EM methods were 93.53 mg/dL and 94.84 mg/dL, respectively, with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The glycemia measurement results generated by both tests were normally distributed by the Shapiro-Wilk test (P > 0.05) and equal variances by the Levene test (P > 0.05). Discussion: The glycemic values obtained in this study meant that most of the mean glycemic values evaluated were >45 to 75 mg/dL, considered a reference for the species. This may have occurred due to the stress of handling during sample collection. Some authors compared the GP and EM methods and reported that the mean glucose concentrations obtained using PGs were significantly lower than those using the EM in both cattle and sheep and suggested using a correction factor for PGs. The error rates between PG and EM in our study ranged from 1.7 to 7.8%, much lower than the limits set by the Food and Drug Administration, which stipulates that PG cannot have error rates greater than 20% for blood glucose concentration. Comparison of PG and EM efficacy has been reported for dogs, cats, and horses, and significant differences were observed in the statistical analysis. In studies from other authors concluded that PG provides significantly different results from EM in the measurement of bovine and sheep blood glucose, but the final values can be corrected in order to obtain reliable results to be used in clinical practice. Hematocrit below 30% leads to erroneously high results, whereas hematocrit greater than 55% may give erroneously low results. However, failures are mainly caused by the user, such as improper application of the sample, excessive time to perform the exam, lack of equipment maintenance, and improper storage of test strips. PGs are becoming a very useful tool in the clinical practice with small animals, as studies have shown its reliability in relation to the EM, which is considered the gold standard. This practice may also be extended to cattle due to the reliability of PGs, as indicated in this study. SN 1678-0345 EI 1679-9216 PD JUN 2 PY 2020 VL 48 AR 1734 DI 10.22456/1679-9216.102954 UT WOS:000536647200001 ER PT J AU Spijker, E Anger-Kraavi, A Pollitt, H van de Ven, DJ AF Spijker, Eise Anger-Kraavi, Annela Pollitt, Hector van de Ven, Dirk-Jan TI Evaluating integrated impacts of low -emission transitions in the livestock sector SO ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS SN 2210-4224 EI 2210-4232 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 35 BP 482 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.eist.2019.11.003 UT WOS:000540750900009 ER PT J AU Linh, NT Guntoro, B Qui, NH Khang, ND Dau, NT Vui, NV AF Linh, N. T. Guntoro, B. Qui, N. H. Khang, N. D. Dau, N. T. Vui, N. V. TI The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) supplement on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Pekin ducks SO JOURNAL OF THE INDONESIAN TROPICAL ANIMAL AGRICULTURE AB Livestock including duck as one of crucial sector in agriculture, contributes a large proportion to Vietnam's economic and to Mekong delta's economic as well. Recently, herbal supplementation in feed is common which has brought many benefits for farmers and lemongrass is one of herbs is commonly used in many studies. A total of 96 ducks aged from 1 to 8-week-old was conducted through four treatments and three replicates per treatment. The experiment was a completely random design which aimed to estimate the effect of lemongrass powder on duck's performance and carcass characteristics. The birds in the treatments were fed by the same feed but different supplement ratio of lemongrass powder (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5%). Besides, the birds were fed and watered ad libitum in all of the treatments. The conclusion showed that there was a linear decrease in feed intake, linear improvements in live weight gain and feed conversion as the proportion of lemongrass in the diet was increased from zero to 1.5%, inclusion of 1.5% lemongrass in feed will help the ducks increase their daily weight gain, improve feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). However, lemongrass powder had no effect on carcass characteristics (P>0.05). SN 2087-8273 EI 2460-6278 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 45 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.14710/jitaa.45.2.136-142 UT WOS:000540648500007 ER PT J AU Ekowati, T Prasetyo, E Handayani, M AF Ekowati, T. Prasetyo, E. Handayani, M. TI The optimation of cow-calf beef cattle and paddy farming integration on farmer household SO JOURNAL OF THE INDONESIAN TROPICAL ANIMAL AGRICULTURE AB Farmer households generally operate food crops and livestock subsectors that have not fully implemented well, so an optimal farming has not been achieved. This study aimed to analyze optimation of cow-calf beef cattle and paddy farming integration and simulation changing in input prices and the usage of resources to the optimal model. Survey method was used in the research in Grobogan Regency by determining Wirosari District and Purwodadi District. Quota sampling method is used to determine the number of respondents without counting the population as a sampling frame. The number of respondents in each district was 40 farmers so the total respondent was 80 farmers. Data were analyzed using linear programing. Results showed that optimum conditions of integration were achieved in 0.45 ha land, 2.75 AU of cow-calf beef cattle with maximum income of IDR 52,112,440/year. The simulation results regarding in changing in input usege indicated that the addition of 0.25% land area gives a change in scale of cow-calf beef cattle by 0.018% and income of 14.78%. In conclusion, integration optimation was achieved on 0.4 5ha land, 2.75 UT cow-calf beef cattle and optimal solution simulations indicated that farmers have the ability to develop their farming. SN 2087-8273 EI 2460-6278 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 45 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.14710/jitaa.45.2.143-152 UT WOS:000540648500008 ER PT J AU Oita, A Wirasenjaya, F Liu, JR Webeck, E Matsubae, K AF Oita, Azusa Wirasenjaya, Farah Liu, Jiarui Webeck, Elizabeth Matsubae, Kazuyo TI Trends in the food nitrogen and phosphorus footprints for Asia's giants: China, India, and Japan SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING AB Substantial losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the environment occur during food production. These emissions of reactive N (Nr) and P have adverse effects on the environment. The life cycle emissions of Nr and P due to resource consumption can be quantified using N and P footprints. In this study, a common framework developed for the purpose of making comparisons was used to examine the food N and P footprints of China, India, and Japan from 1961 to 2013. The footprints increased significantly in China after 1976 (5.4-19.3 kgN capita(-1) yr(-1) and 1.20-4.77 kg-P capita(-1) yr(-1) in 1976-2013) with the higher consumption of meat and vegetables. In India, an increase in milk and vegetable consumption resulted in a gradual increase in the footprints since 1976 (8.5-11.4 kg-N capita(-1) yr(-1), 0.99-1.6 kg-P capita(-1) yr(-1) in 1976-2013). In Japan, the footprints increased until 1993 (12.2-28.3 kg-N capita(-1) yr(-1), 2.59-8.43 kg-P capita(-1) yr(-1) in 1961-1993) before declining (21.8 kg-N capita(-1) yr(-1), 6.05 kg-P capita(-1) yr(-1) in 2013), with a constant increase in meat consumption, a decrease in cereals, and improvements in nutrient use efficiency. The N footprint tends to be more sensitive to the consumption of meat, milk, oil crops, fish, and seafood, and the P footprint tends to be more sensitive to vegetables. By analysing the Asian giants, the key food items to target to reduce the footprints are identified. If the per-capita average footprints in high and middle income countries were the same as that in Japan in 1993, the global food N and P footprints would increase by factors of 1.18-1.89 by 2030. The use of these results with other advances in agriculture practices has the potential to improve nutrient use efficiency and to promote more efficiently-produced food. SN 0921-3449 EI 1879-0658 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 157 AR 104752 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104752 UT WOS:000540606400026 ER PT J AU Bishop, KG Garvie-Lok, S Haagsma, M MacKinnon, M Karapanou, S AF Bishop, Katherine G. Garvie-Lok, Sandra Haagsma, Margriet MacKinnon, Michael Karapanou, Sophia TI Mobile animal management in the Mediterranean: Investigating Hellenistic (323-31 BCE) husbandry practices in Thessaly, Greece using delta C-13, delta O-18, and Sr-87/Sr-86 recorded from sheep and goat tooth enamel SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS AB In areas where the extent of animal management is debated, stable isotope analysis of animal teeth provides valuable insights into the diet and mobility of herders and their animals. Current research on ancient pastoralism in Thessaly, Greece, is divided over the presence, prevalence, and degree of seasonal livestock movement (transhumance), a discussion often referred to as the agropastoral debate. We present the first application of stable isotope methods to contribute to this discussion, and include a case study from the Hellenistic (323-31 BCE) site of Kastro Kallithea in Thessaly. In particular, we serial sample sheep and goat third molars (M-3) recovered from Building 10 and isotopically analyze the resulting enamel segments to record diet (delta C-13), seasonality (delta O-18), and geolocation (Sr-87/Sr-86). We integrate the use of stable isotope analysis with archaeological, ethnographic, and literary data to examine various management strategies used in Thessaly. We present evidence of sedentary and seasonally mobile management, including the first recorded cases of transhumant animal management in Thessaly from the Hellenistic period. Each management strategy has corresponding impacts on ancient economy, human ecology, land use, and human-animal relationships. Research of this nature has only just started gaining precedence in Greece, but is a valuable tool for studying the spatiotemporal distribution of shepherding and ultimately recording animal management strategies in the Mediterranean. SN 2352-409X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 31 AR 102331 DI 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102331 UT WOS:000540012700008 ER PT J AU Taylor, W Fantoni, M Marchina, C Lepetz, S Bayarsaikhan, J Houle, JL Pham, V Fitzhugh, W AF Taylor, William Fantoni, Marcello Marchina, Charlotte Lepetz, Sebastien Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav Houle, Jean-Luc Pham, Victoria Fitzhugh, William TI Horse sacrifice and butchery in Bronze Age Mongolia SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS AB Recent research traces the origins of Mongolian horse herding and riding as far as the late Bronze Age Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex (DSKC), a tradition known from its standing stones, burials, and monuments. DSKC monument sites are often found with large numbers of partial ("head and hoof") horse burials buried at the monument periphery. However, despite the ubiquity of ritual horse inhumations, key questions remain regarding the process and significance of DSKC horse ritual. Here, we present detailed taphonomic, osteological, and cut-mark analysis of 21 individual horse burials from deer stones and khirigsuur mounds across Mongolia. Our results indicate a diversity of slaughter practices among horses at DSK sites, including blunt trauma to the forehead region with small and large implements and possibly throat-slitting. While the head, cervical vertebrae, and phalanges are the most commonly recovered elements from these sites, element presence and absence indicates the occasional inclusion of the tail and limb elements, which may be explained by the presence of connecting skin and soft tissue (e.g. hide). Most significantly, cut mark analysis demonstrates that elements found in DSK features were not only disarticulated, but were often stripped of meat - including vertebral muscle and tongue removal. These results indicate that the spread of horse-based ritual practices in Mongolia was coupled with the removal (and likely consumption) of horse meat, suggesting that, beyond their role in transportation, the role of horses as livestock was both socially and economically significant during the late second millennium BCE. SN 2352-409X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 31 AR 102313 DI 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102313 UT WOS:000540011200004 ER PT J AU Swerczek, TW AF Swerczek, Thomas W. TI An alternative model for fetal loss disorders associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome SO ANIMAL NUTRITION AB Fertile chicken eggs were used as an alternative model for large animals to evaluate suspect toxic dietary ingredients for fetal loss disorders associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) and fetal losses in other livestock. Nitrate, ammonia, and sulfate may react with proteinaceous compounds to enable the formation of abiotic pathogenic nanoparticles which were constant findings in pathognomonic placental lesions associated with non-infectious fetal losses of previously unknown etiology in mares, chickens and other livestock. The pathogenic nanoparticles may be produced naturally by toxic elements associated with air pollution that affect pasture forages or crops, unintentionally by reactions of these elements in protein-mineral mixes in dietary rations, or endogenously within tissues of fetuses and adult animals. The nanoparticles may form niduses in small vessels and predispose animals to a host of secondary opportunistic diseases affecting the reproductive, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of animals. The newly recognized abiotic pathogenic micro and nanoparticles are associated with MRLS. The discovery of the pathogenic nanoparticles led to the identification of nitrate, ammonium, and sulfur, in the form of sulfate, that seemingly enable the formation of the pathogenic nanoparticles in embryonic and fetal tissues. (C) 2020, Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. SN 2405-6383 EI 2405-6545 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 6 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.02.002 UT WOS:000540031800014 PM 32542203 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Sunder, N Pingali, PL AF Gupta, Soumya Sunder, Naveen Pingali, Prabhu L. TI Market Access, Production Diversity, and Diet Diversity: Evidence From India SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN AB Background: Recent literature, largely from Africa, shows mixed effects of own-production on diet diversity. However, the role of own-production, relative to markets, in influencing food consumption becomes more pronounced as market integration increases. Objective: This paper investigates the relative importance of two factors - production diversity and household market integration - for the intake of a nutritious diet by women and households in rural India. Methods: Data analysis is based on primary data from an extensive agriculture-nutrition survey of 3600 Indian households that was collected in 2017. Dietary diversity scores are constructed for women and households is based on 24-hour and 7-day recall periods. Household market integration is measured as monthly household expenditure on key non-staple food groups. We measure production diversity in two ways - field-level and on-farm production diversity - in order to account for the cereal centric rice-wheat cropping system found in our study locations. The analysis is based on Ordinary Least Squares regressions where we control for a variety of village, household, and individual level covariates that affect food consumption, and village fixed effects. Robustness checks are done by way of using a Poisson regression specifications and 7-day recall period. Results: Conventional measures of field-level production diversity, like the number of crops or food groups grown, have no significant association with diet diversity. In contrast, it is on-farm production diversity (the field-level cultivation of pulses and on-farm livestock management, and kitchen gardens in the longer run) that is significantly associated with improved dietary diversity scores, thus suggesting the importance of non-staples in improving both individual and household dietary diversity. Furthermore, market purchases of non-staples like pulses and dairy products are associated with a significantly higher dietary diversity. Other significant determinants of dietary diversity include women's literacy and awareness of nutrition. These results mostly remain robust to changes in the recall period of the diet diversity measure and the nature of the empirical specification. Conclusions: This study contributes to the scarce empirical evidence related to diets in India. Additionally, our results indicate some key intervention areas - promoting livestock rearing, strengthening households' market integration (for purchase of non-staples) and increasing women's awareness about nutrition. These are more impactful than raising production diversity. OI Gupta, Soumya/0000-0002-1356-0555 SN 0379-5721 EI 1564-8265 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 41 IS 2 BP 167 EP 185 DI 10.1177/0379572120920061 UT WOS:000539868700003 PM 32522130 ER PT J AU Morton, O Borah, JR Edwards, DP AF Morton, Oscar Borah, Joli R. Edwards, David P. TI Economically viable forest restoration in shifting cultivation landscapes SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB Shifting cultivation is a predominant land use across the tropics, feeding hundreds of millions of marginalised people, causing significant deforestation, and encompassing a combined area of land ten-fold greater than that used for oil palm and rubber. A key question is whether carbon-based payment for ecosystem services (PES) schemes can cost-effectively bring novel restoration and carbon-sensitive management practices to shifting agriculture. Using economic models that uniquely consider the substantial area of fallow land needed to support a single cultivated plot, we calculated the break-even carbon prices required for PES to match the opportunity cost of intervention in shifting agriculture. We do so in the North-east Indian biodiversity hotspot, where 35.4% of land is managed under shifting agriculture. We found net revenues of US$829.53-2581.95 per 30 ha when fallow area is included, which are an order of magnitude lower than previous estimates. Abandoning shifting agriculture entirely is highly feasible with break-even prices as low as US$1.33 t(-1) CO2, but may conflict with food security. The oldest fallow plots could be fully restored for US$0.89 t(-1) CO2 and the expansion of shifting agriculture into primary forest halted for US$0.51 t(-1) CO2, whereas abandoning short-fallow systems would cost US$12.60 t(-1) CO2. A precautionary reanalysis accounting for extreme economic uncertainty and leakage costs suggests that all interventions, excluding abandoning short-fallow systems, remain economically viable with prices less than US$4.00 t(-1) CO2. Even with poorly formed voluntary carbon markets, shifting agriculture represents a critical opportunity for low-cost forest restoration whilst diversifying income streams of marginalised communities across a vast area. SN 1748-9326 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 15 IS 6 AR 064017 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/ab7f0d UT WOS:000539742200001 ER PT J AU Govoeyi, B Agbokounou, AM Camara, Y Ahounou, SG Dotche, IO Kiki, PS Karim, IYA Delabouglise, A Antoine-Moussiaux, N AF Govoeyi, Benoit Agbokounou, Aristide M. Camara, Younouss Ahounou, Serge G. Dotche, Ignace O. Kiki, Pascal S. Karim, Issaka Youssao Abdou Delabouglise, Alexis Antoine-Moussiaux, Nicolas TI Social network analysis of practice adoption facing outbreaks of African Swine Fever SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE AB Animal epizootics show widely destructive effect on livestock value chains in sub Saharan Africa, pushing many smallholders into poverty and discouraging investments. Hence, African swine fever (ASF) has been playing a deeply depressing role on swine value chain of Benin since its first occurrence in the country in 1997. Exchanges between actors are fundamental among stakeholders for the overall performance of a value chain and is key in the way these can respond to challenges, as epizootic threats. The present study describes how stakeholders of the swine value chain interact in the diffusion of innovative practices facing an outbreak of ASF. In seven districts, focus groups were first organized with stakeholders to identify changes and other reactions that ensued from a recent ASF outbreak in Benin. In a second step, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, following a respondent-driven sampling, to collect the contact information needed for social network analysis. The influence of actors' characteristics on their degree centrality was tested through multiple linear regression model. Regulatory requirements and available incomes facilitated practice diffusion among groups of pork butchers, traders/brokers and input suppliers. Stockbreeders displayed passivity in the diffusion of practices whereas they should have the forefront role in addressing the challenge of ASF. Nevertheless, their significant interest in capacity reinforcement, associations, exchange visits and professionalization may lead them to increase their involvement in a joint control of the disease. OI Delabouglise, Alexis/0000-0001-5837-7052 SN 0167-5877 EI 1873-1716 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 179 AR 105008 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105008 UT WOS:000539323400010 PM 32334132 ER PT J AU Patra, AK Pal, K Lalhriatpuii, M AF Patra, Amlan Kumar Pal, Kaushik Lalhriatpuii, Melody TI Prediction of nitrogen excretion in buffalo production systems using dietary and animal variables SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AB Presently, there are no models for predicting nitrogen excretion (NE) in buffaloes, which are required for preparation of inventory of NE. Thus, this study aimed to develop statistical models to predict NE from animal and dietary characteristic variables. A dataset of 481 treatment means from 143 publications was constructed, which contained at least NE and nitrogen intake (NI) data. Simple and multiple regression models were developed using the datasets containing all animals, growing or lactating buffaloes. The models that predicted faecal NE (g/d) with high precision and accuracy were faecal NE (g/d) = 13.4 (+/- 3.30) + body weight (BW; kg) x 0.023 (+/- 0.0083) - crude protein (CP) content of diet (g/kg) x 0.080 (+/- 0.0211) + NI (g/d) x 0.288 (+/- 0.0148) [RMSPE = 26.5%, with 98% of mean square prediction error (MSPE) being random error; R-2 = 0.77] for all animals, and faecal NE (g/d) = 17.7 (+/- 4.04) + BW (kg) x 0.033 (+/- 0.0167) - ADG (kg/d) x 10.2 (+/- 2.99) - CP (g/kg) x 0.052 (+/- 0.026) + NI (g/d) x 0.231 (+/- 0.0324) [RMSPE = 27.9%, with 96.4% of MSPE being random error; R-2 = 0.49] for growing animals only. The best predicted regression equations for urinary NE (g/d) = -10.8 (+/- 5.15) + BW (kg) x 0.019 (+/- 0.0129) + CP (g/kg) x 0.056 (+/- 0.0298) + NI (g/d) x 0.334 (+/- 0.0206) [RMSPE = 45.5%, with 90% of MSPE from random error; R-2 = 0.65] for the dataset containing all animals; and urinary NE (g/d) = 4.23 (+/- 3.89) - BW (kg) x 0.039 (+/- 0.0188) - ADG (kg/d) x 13.2 (+/- 4.51) + NI (g/d) x 0.421 (+/- 0.0313) [RMSPE = 33.2%, with 92.4% of MSPE accounting random error; R-2 = 0.61] for only growing animals. In lactating buffaloes only, no models containing milk yield as a predictor were reliable for predicting NE perhaps due to paucity of studies included in the dataset. Prediction models for urinary NE had usually greater RMSPE compared with the models for faecal NE. The equations developed in the present study were found suitable for estimation of NE factors from different categories of buffaloes with different BW, ADG and feeding conditions. The models developed in the present study would be useful for preparation of global inventory of NE and separate estimation of urinary and faecal NE in buffaloes. SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 182 AR UNSP 102845 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102845 UT WOS:000539094200014 ER PT J AU Spiegal, S Kleinman, PJA Endale, DM Bryant, RB Dell, C Goslee, S Meinen, RJ Flynn, KC Baker, JM Browning, DM McCarty, G Bittman, S Carter, J Cavigelli, M Duncan, E Gowda, P Li, X Ponce-Campos, GE Cibin, R Silveira, ML Smith, DR Arthur, DK Yang, QC AF Spiegal, Sheri Kleinman, Peter J. A. Endale, Dinku M. Bryant, Ray B. Dell, Curtis Goslee, Sarah Meinen, Robert J. Flynn, K. Colton Baker, John M. Browning, Dawn M. McCarty, Greg Bittman, Shabtai Carter, Jennifer Cavigelli, Michel Duncan, Emily Gowda, Prasanna Li, Xia Ponce-Campos, Guillermo E. Cibin, Raj Silveira, Maria L. Smith, Doulas R. Arthur, Dan K. Yang, Qichun TI Manuresheds: Advancing nutrient recycling in US agriculture SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AB Nutrient recycling is fundamental to sustainable agricultural systems, but few mechanisms exist to ensure that surplus manure nutrients from animal feeding operations are transported for use on nutrient-deficient croplands. As a result, manure nutrients concentrate in locations where they can threaten environmental health and devalue manure as a fertilizer resource. This study advances the concept of the "manureshed" - the lands surrounding animal feeding operations onto which manure nutrients can be redistributed to meet environmental, production, and economic goals. Manuresheds can be managed at multiple scales, for example, on farms with both animals and crops, among animal farms and crop farms within a county, or even among animal farms and crop farms in distant counties. With a focus on redistribution among counties, we classified the 3109 counties of the contiguous United States by their capacity to either supply manure phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from confined livestock production ("sources") or to assimilate and remove excess P and N via crops ("sinks"). Manure nutrient source counties were identified in 40 of the 48 states, with a substantial concentration in the southern US. Source counties for manure P greatly outnumbered source counties for manure N (390 vs. 100), and 99 of the 100 manure N source counties were also source counties for manure P. Conversely, sink counties for manure N outnumbered sink counties for manure P (2766 vs. 2317). We used the P balances of the source and sink counties to delineate four manuresheds dominated by various combinations of confined hog, poultry, dairy, and beef industries. The four manuresheds differed in the transport distances needed to assimilate excess manure P from their respective source areas (from 147 +/- 51 km for a beef dominated manureshed to 368 +/- 140 km for a poultry dominated manureshed), highlighting the need for systems-level strategies to promote manure nutrient recycling that operate across local, county, regional, and national scales. SN 0308-521X EI 1873-2267 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 182 AR UNSP 102813 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102813 UT WOS:000539094200012 ER PT J AU McDowell, D Dick, JTA Eagling, L Julius, M Sheldrake, GN Theodoridou, K Walsh, PJ AF McDowell, Daniel Dick, Jaimie T. A. Eagling, Lawrence Julius, Matthew Sheldrake, Gary N. Theodoridou, Katerina Walsh, Pamela J. TI Recycling nutrients from anaerobic digestates for the cultivation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum: A feasibility study SO ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS AB The valorisation of Anaerobic digestion waste streams into algal biomass to produce a protein alternative to soybeans could have significant commercial and environmental value. It has the benefit of alleviating the pressure of disposal of nutrient-rich digestate that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorous and trace metals, while potentially reducing the cost of microalgae production. Currently, the use of soybean protein in animal feed has significant negative environmental issues and high carbon footprint associated with its use. This study investigates three types of Anaerobic digestion to grow Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin microalgae. The results found that the crude protein in all concentrations of cow waste and food waste digestates were found to produce a significantly higher concentration of crude protein in comparison to the F/2 control. In addition, cow waste 1% and pig waste 1% formulations were found to have favourable fatty acid profiles, which has significant health benefits in the livestock industry. There was no significant difference in the total fatty acids found in cow waste 1% and pig waste 1% digestates compared to the F/2 control, which was in the range of 243.4 to 269.4 mg/g (dry weight). The other formulations produced a significantly lower (p < .05) concentration of total fatty acids compared to the control. Cow waste 1% was found to be richer in omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid, compared to pig waste 1%, however, no significant difference was found between the eicosapentaenoic acid, concentration of cow waste 1% and the F/2 control. Overall, in terms of highest total fatty acids and crude protein, cow waste 1% digestate was found to perform the best out of all the digestates tested, and outperformed the F/2 control in terms of crude protein. The P. tricornutum grown in digestate was also found to bioaccumulate higher levels of calcium. P. tricornutum grown in cow waste 1% digestate could offer an alternative viable locally grown protein source for the animal feed industry, with the added advantage of being rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and calcium. OI Walsh, Pamela/0000-0003-0591-8577 SN 2211-9264 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 48 AR 101893 DI 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101893 UT WOS:000539273100003 ER PT J AU Lowenstein, C Vasco, K Sarzosa, S Salinas, L Torres, A Perry, MJ Simmens, SJ Trueba, G Eisenberg, JNS Graham, JP AF Lowenstein, Christopher Vasco, Karla Sarzosa, Soledad Salinas, Liseth Torres, Andrea Perry, Melissa J. Simmens, Samuel J. Trueba, Gabriel Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. Graham, Jay P. TI Determinants of Childhood Zoonotic Enteric Infections in a Semirural Community of Quito, Ecuador SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE AB Domestic animals in the household environment have the potential to affect a child's carriage of zoonotic enteric pathogens and risk of diarrhea. This study examines the risk factors associated with pediatric diarrhea and carriage of zoonotic enteric pathogens among children living in communities where smallholder livestock production is prevalent. We conducted an observational study of children younger than 5 years that included the analysis of child (n = 306) and animal (n = 480) fecal samples for Campylobacter spp., atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia lamblia. Amongthese seven pathogens, Giardia was the most commonly identified pathogen among children and animals in the same household, most of which was found in child-dog pairs. Campylobacter spp. was also relatively common within households, particularly among child-chicken and child-guinea pig pairs. We used multivariable Poisson regression models to assess risk factors associated with a child being positive for at least one zoonotic enteric pathogen or having diarrhea during the last week. Children who interacted with domestic animals-a behavior reported by nearly three-quarters of households owning animals-were at an increased risk of colonization with at least one zoonotic enteric pathogen (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.00-2.42). The risk of diarrhea in the last seven days was elevated but not statistically significant (PR = 2.27, CI: 0.91, 5.67). Interventions that aim to reduce pediatric exposures to enteric pathogens will likely need to be incorporated with approaches that remove animal fecal contamination from the domestic environment and encourage behavior change aimed at reducing children's contact with animal feces through diverse exposure pathways. OI Salinas, Liseth A./0000-0001-6319-3012 SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1278 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0690 UT WOS:000538787600034 PM 32228797 ER PT J AU Ledvina, J McShea, WJ Bourg, NA Herrmann, V Akre, T Johnson, AEM AF Ledvina, Joseph McShea, William J. Bourg, Norman A. Herrmann, Valentine Akre, Thomas Johnson, Amy E. M. TI Management Regime and Field Age Affect Species Richness and Cover of Native Forbs and Exotic Species in Virginia Grasslands SO ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AB The majority of grasslands in the eastern United States are maintained through agricultural use (livestock grazing and hay production), intermittent management as fallow fields, or active management for ecological or recreational purposes. Management following agricultural use can follow a variety of practices from benign neglect to active planting of native grasses and forbs. We surveyed 64 grasslands in a 15-county region of northwestern Virginia to assess their plant species composition, with emphasis on the response of exotic species and native forb species richness to time since agricultural use. With regard to agricultural use, we found that livestock grazing resulted in low levels of native species richness and increased exotic species prevalence, while hay production increased native forb richness. In these fields, eutrophication (as measured by phosphorus levels) was a strong positive predictor of exotic species. Post-agricultural fields, maintained through mowing (fallow), retained native species but also experienced sharp increases in exotic species. When post-agricultural management included the establishment of native grasses and forbs, a higher initial richness of native species resulted. However, fields disked during establishment lost native species and gained exotic species with increasing field age; an outcome not observed when field establishment did not involve disking. The management practices applied to post-agricultural fields significantly impact their ability to support biodiversity, their propensity to harbor exotic species, and their ability to maintain native diversity and resist invasions of exotic species with increasing age since abandonment. SN 1543-4060 EI 1543-4079 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 38 IS 2 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.3368/er.38.2.83 UT WOS:000539001000006 ER PT J AU Kimiti, DW Ganguli, AC Herrick, JE Bailey, DW AF Kimiti, David W. Ganguli, Amy C. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Bailey, Derek W. TI Evaluation of Restoration Success to Inform Future Restoration Efforts in Acacia reficiens Invaded Rangelands in Northern Kenya SO ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AB Arid and semi-arid rangelands support a significant portion of the world's human population, as well as its biodiversity. These landscapes are threatened by degradation, through loss of vegetation, increasing spread of invasive or undesirable species, or both. Efforts to halt or reverse degradation exist, but lack of monitoring and reporting of restoration outcomes hampers efforts to replicate and upscale effective practices to other areas. This paper demonstrates how monitoring can inform future efforts through retrospective analysis of restoration projects on Acacia reficiens invaded rangelands in northern Kenya. A. reficiens has encroached into productive rangeland undermining both livestock production and endangered wildlife species conservation. Using a mobile phone application, LandPKS, we assessed 22 plots across 13 restoration sites in Westgate and Kalama conservancies in Northern Kenya that had been cleared of A. reficiens and reseeded with Cenchrus ciliaris. We found that these restoration treatments led to increases of more than 25% in overall ground cover, 34% in perennial grass cover, and 60% in standing herbaceous biomass. We therefore suggest that manual clearing of A. reficiens, when carried out in the late dry season and combined with both reseeding and prudent pre- and post-treatment seed and soil conservation practices, has the potential to provide an efficient and cost-effective solution to help reverse habitat losses. Our use of mobile phone applications allowed rapid assessment of restoration outcomes, and the resulting data are already being used to help design restoration projects on rangelands in northern Kenya. SN 1543-4060 EI 1543-4079 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 38 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.3368/er.38.2.105 UT WOS:000539001000008 ER PT J AU Zerbe, S Pieretti, L Elsen, S Asanidze, Z Asanidze, I Mumladze, L AF Zerbe, Stefan Pieretti, Lorenzo Elsen, Susanne Asanidze, Zezva Asanidze, Iveri Mumladze, Levan TI Forest Restoration Potential in a Deforested Mountain Area: An Ecosociological Approach towards Sustainability SO FOREST SCIENCE AB Forest degradation worldwide stimulates efforts to restore forests. In particular, in mountain areas, where livestock agriculture and grazing have led to deforestation and a strong decrease in forest ecosystem services over centuries, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies for the restoration of multifunctional forest ecosystems. We investigate the case study of the Javakheti Highland in the Southern Caucasus (Georgia), which is largely deforested because of long-lasting agricultural land use. We take into consideration the natural potential of forest development, the multifacetted potential of forest use, and those stakeholders directly and indirectly, respectively, involved in forest restoration. We show that neither the natural ecological site factors nor the potential of forest use, considering traditional and modern use, pose a limitation on forest restoration. Traditional ecological knowledge is still present, however hardly activated nowadays. However, social, cultural, and political obstacles have to be addressed for the development of a sustainable forest-management policy, which is rooted in the local communities. Environmental policy favoring forest development in Javakheti Highland should integrate national forest development policy with the perception, requirements, and traditions of local people. Study Implications: Our stakeholder analysis shows the manifold interests in forest management and forest use on the local to international level. Therefore, all institutions and individual stakeholders and actors, respectively, involved in forest restoration and forest use have to create trust among each other. Bottom-up processes might help to overcome skepticism and isolation of the locals, which currently is widespread among the households we interviewed, as they feel to be not involved into decisionmaking. Accordingly, environmental policy favoring forest development and restoration in the Javakheti area should integrate national forest development policy with the perception, requirements, and traditions of the local people. OI Zerbe, Stefan/0000-0002-9426-1441 SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 66 IS 3 BP 326 EP 336 DI 10.1093/forsci/fxz081 UT WOS:000538869100007 ER PT J AU Ali, N Hu, XH Hussain, J AF Ali, Najabat Hu, Xuhua Hussain, Jamal TI The dependency of rural livelihood on forest resources in Northern Pakistan's Chaprote Valley SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB Overexploitation of forest resources continues to pose a severe threat to the environment in Chaprote Valley, Northern Pakistan. Therefore, this study investigates the main determinants of household dependency on forest resources for livelihoods in Chaprote Valley. We collected data randomly from 193 household heads through semi-structured questionnaires. To investigate the dependence of rural households on forest resources, we employed a Logistic regression model. The findings reveal that household's education level, household size, livestock income and agriculture income significantly affect the dependency of households on forest resources, while other variables seem to be insignificant. The share of forest income to the total household income was 32%, while off-farm income, agriculture income and livestock income were 44%, 13% and 9% respectively. Among all forest products, firewood contributes more to forest income with a share of 47%. Moreover, the study found that an increase in household head's education, livestock income, agriculture income, off-farm income and own landholding will result in reducing forest dependency. The study concludes that alternate sources of energy, modern agricultural methods, access to higher education, and public awareness about biodiversity are essential for creating a balance between forest dependency and biodiversity conservation. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 2351-9894 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 22 AR e01001 DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01001 UT WOS:000539265700018 ER PT J AU Birhane, E Asgedom, KT Tadesse, T Hishe, H Abrha, H Noulekoun, F AF Birhane, Emiru Asgedom, Kidane Tadesse Tadesse, Tewodros Hishe, Hadgu Abrha, Haftu Noulekoun, Florent TI Vulnerability of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) to human disturbances and climate change in western Tigray, Ethiopia: Conservation concerns and priorities SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB The increasing rate of land use intensification and the rising evidence of climate change impacts raise concerns about the viability of valued non-timber forest product (NTFP)-providing trees. This calls for the assessment of the current status and future trajectories of their populations. Using population data collected from three land-use types (e.g., grazing lands, riverine areas and natural forest) in western Tigray, we evaluated the vulnerability of the multipurpose baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) to human disturbances and climate change. The study was based on the premises that integrating ecological science with modeling tools and local knowledge would enhance the overall effectiveness of conservation strategies and community support. Therefore, based on field-based inventory, ecological niche modeling and a socioeconomic study, we characterized and mapped baobab current and future population distribution and documented local knowledge on the uses and management of the species. The characterization of the population structure showed that baobab stands were denser with larger-sized and taller trees in riverine areas and natural forest compared to grazing lands, suggesting adverse effects of human disturbances on its populations. Moreover, positively skewed size-class distributions with negative slopes in all land-use types indicated a low recruitment of juvenile trees to the adult stage. Climate change simulations using Maximum Entropy Algorithm (Maxent) revealed that future temperature increases would lead to significant reductions (41-100%) in baobab suitable habitats due to range contraction. The intensive harvesting of baobab leaves, branches and bark and lack of conversation practices as indicated by local communities, in combination with the risk of local extinction under future climate warming constitute serious threats for the viability of the species in western Tigray. The results suggest immediate interventions, such as planting baobab at up to 65 m higher in altitude, designing appropriate leaf and bark harvest strategies and protecting seedlings from livestock, will help guarantee the persistence of the species populations. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 2351-9894 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 22 AR e00943 DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00943 UT WOS:000539263300004 ER PT J AU Dai, YC Hacker, CE Zhang, YG Li, Y Li, J Xue, YD Li, DQ AF Dai, Yunchuan Hacker, Charlotte E. Zhang, Yuguang Li, Ye Li, Jia Xue, Yadong Li, Diqiang TI Conflicts of human with the Tibetan brown bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) in the Sanjiangyuan region, China SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB Human-carnivore conflict (HCC) has become a major concern for both the management of protected areas and local community development worldwide. The occurrence and intervention of HCCs has been originated in duel context of the environment and social economy. In the Sanjiangyuan region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, human-bear conflict (HBC) has emerged as a severe problem. Damages caused by Tibetan brown bears (Ursus arctos pruinosus) seriously threaten the livelihood and safety of local herders, decreasing community tolerance for brown bear conservation. A systematic field survey of HBC occurrences was undertaken in Zhiduo county of the Sanjiangyuan region in summer 2019. We surveyed 312 families via semi-structured interviews to understand the factors that contributed towards the likelihood of bear damage, representative conflict types, seasonal variation in damage occurrence, and mitigation measures deployed. The results showed that incidents of bear damage in the Sanjiangyuan region have elevated as a consequence of changes in the nomadic lifestyle of local herders. It is in part connected with simultaneous recovery of bear numbers following the conservation measures applied. Despite the widespread incidence of HBCs, with almost all respondents (n = 288, 92.31%) reporting occurrences of bear damage, most home damages were not compensated, and programs for such were lacking. Through the survey of the expected compensation types of local respondents, it was concluded that HBCs need to be mediated and resolved by integrated compensation schemes, physical and chemical prevention measures, and community development plans. Particularly, the local government should pay more attention to reducing family dependence on animal husbandry and transforming livelihood strategies into replaceable economic practices unrelated to grazing. These include things like ecological public welfare jobs and brown bear viewing ecotourism. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 2351-9894 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 22 AR e01039 DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01039 UT WOS:000539263800022 ER PT J AU Nautiyal, H Mathur, V Sinha, A Huffman, MA AF Nautiyal, Himani Mathur, Virendra Sinha, Anindya Huffman, Michael A. TI The Banj oak Quercus leucotrichophora as a potential mitigating factor for human-langur interactions in the Garhwal Himalayas, India: People's perceptions and ecological importance SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB Crop-foraging by primates is a rapidly growing concern. Effective mitigation strategies are urgently required to resolve this issue. In the Garhwal Himalayas, local people's high dependency on forest resources is a major cause of habitat loss, which paves the way for human-primate interactions in this area. To investigate the socioeconomic factors that might explain langur crop-foraging, we conducted structured interviews among 215 households in the Garhwal Himalayas in India. We also examined langur resource use by monitoring their feeding and sleeping site activity. Less agricultural land, less agricultural production, and possession of large numbers of livestock significantly predicted villagers reporting crop-foraging events, although economic status of the correspondents did not have any effect. Perception of the villagers about reduction in forest resource was significantly affected by the amount of livestock possessed by the villagers. Our observations suggested that Banj oak Quercus leucotrichophora was the dominant species (59.2%, N = 306) in the pool of sleeping trees used by the langurs. Langurs also showed a preference in their use of sleeping sites and feeding sites, which were different from that expected by chance. Sleeping sites with high density of oak were re-used most frequently. Similarly, dense oak patches were also the preferred feeding patches. Thus, we suggest replanting of oak trees and conservation of intact oak patches, environmental education outreach, and empowerment of women in the community as potential mitigating factors to lessen the interaction between humans and langurs. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 2351-9894 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 22 AR e00985 DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00985 UT WOS:000539265700005 ER PT J AU Tian, C Zhang, YY Liu, ZX Dayananda, B Fu, XB Yuan, D Tu, ZB Luo, CP Li, JQ AF Tian, Cheng Zhang, Yu-Yang Liu, Zheng-Xiao Dayananda, Buddhi Fu, Xiao-Bo Yuan, Dan Tu, Zheng-Bin Luo, Chun-Ping Li, Jun-Qing TI Temporal niche patterns of large mammals in Wanglang National Nature Reserve, China SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB Understanding activity patterns of large mammals provides a lens to view potential temporal niches, while studies on daily activity patterns are helpful to understand behavioral ecology of large mammals and their conservation. We studied the seasonal daily activity patterns and effects of livestock grazing on three large mammals: giant panda, tufted deer, and Chinese serow in Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. The comparison of seasonal daily activity patterns indicated that the giant panda exhibited a single daily peak, whereas tufted deer exhibited two and Chinese serow exhibited multiple peaks. All three large mammals differed significantly in daily activity patterns, while only tufted deer and Chinese serow showed moderate overlap. Livestock grazing (an example of human disturbance) showed high overlap coefficients in daily activity patterns with three mammals, while there was no significant difference between giant pandas and livestock. These results provided a critical baseline mechanism for species coexistence that can help in applied efforts for conservation purposes such as habitat management. In addition, some suggestions for livestock management and disturbance pattern analysis may provide new insights into threatened species conservation. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. SN 2351-9894 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 22 AR e01015 DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01015 UT WOS:000539265700013 ER PT J AU Morin, DE Molgaard, L Royster, E Johnson-Walker, YJ Fetrow, J AF Morin, Dawn E. Molgaard, Laura Royster, Erin Johnson-Walker, Yvette J. Fetrow, John TI Prior Experience, Career Intentions, and Post-Graduate Positions of Veterinary Students Who Participated in an 8-week Dairy Production Medicine Course SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION AB Three cohorts of senior veterinary students (n = 50) from seven United States (US) colleges of veterinary medicine took an 8-week dairy production medicine course at the Dairy Center of Excellence in Production Medicine Education for Veterinarians (DCE) between 2012 and 2014. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the course and 1 to 2 years after graduation. Objectives were to determine the prior academic training and livestock experience of course participants, to compare students' career aspirations before and after taking the course, and to identify factors associated with post-graduate position. Response rates were 58%-96%. Most students had taken undergraduate animal science courses (83%), worked (76%) and/or lived (52%) on a livestock operation, participated in youth livestock activities (63%), worked at a mixed practice (71%), taken production medicine-related elective courses (65%), taken other food animal rotations (91%), and/or done dairy externships (65%) before taking the DCE course. Students who were very likely to pursue a dairy-focused position before taking the course (36%) remained committed after the course, whereas students who were not likely initially (39%) were not further motivated by the course. Students who had worked with a dairy veterinarian were more likely to pursue a dairy-focused position than those who had not. Most course alumni accepted positions in mixed practice, with a >= 50% (54%) or < 50% (23%) dairy component, and post-graduate positions were consistent with students' predictions. Students who held an undergraduate degree or had worked for a dairy veterinarian were more likely to accept a dairy-focused practice position than those who did not. OI Morin, Dawn/0000-0002-1674-4800 SN 0748-321X EI 1943-7218 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 47 IS 3 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.3138/jvme.1117-163r UT WOS:000539375900004 PM 31738673 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, E Kadohira, M Fujii, K Kobayashi, K Takada, MB AF Yamaguchi, Emi Kadohira, Mutsuyo Fujii, Kei Kobayashi, Kohei Takada, Mayura B. TI Utilization of municipality records for the early-stage management of introduced raccoons in Japan SO MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Rapid response is critical for management of invasive alien species (IAS). However, lack of ecological information at early stages of invasion is a challenge for development of management strategies. To facilitate development of an IAS management strategy, we investigated the stages of invasion and habitat preferences of raccoons (Procyon lotor) believed to be in the early stage of invasion at Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan. We obtained raccoon records from local municipalities in Tokachi including trapping and individual biological data (2006-2014), necropsies conducted on 161 carcasses collected as roadkill or by traps (2009-2014), and track surveys (August-November, 2010). Female raccoon reproductive statuses indicated populations are established and actively breeding in Tokachi. Relative population densities (based on catch per unit effort) and annual changes in raccoon capture sites revealed raccoon expansions, which were likely localized to the western region, indicating district-level variation in invasion stages. The distribution of livestock farms may have positively influenced raccoon occurrence and body sizes. Half of sampled raccoons had recently eaten corn (Zea maize), presumably obtained from livestock feed. Therefore, livestock farms may represent preferred raccoon habitats and could facilitate raccoon establishment. In Tokachi, IAS management strategies (i.e., prevention, eradication, and impact mitigation) should be tailored to stage of invasion at the local level. In particular, increased monitoring and capture efforts in areas with many livestock farms might retard raccoon establishment. More broadly, at early stages of invasion, IAS data from local municipalities may facilitate development of management strategies. SN 1989-8649 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 11 IS 2 BP 306 EP 324 DI 10.3391/mbi.2020.11.2.09 UT WOS:000539056000009 ER PT J AU Shen, WZ Hu, HQ Dai, BS Wei, XL Sun, J Jiang, L Sun, YK AF Shen, Weizheng Hu, Hengqi Dai, Baisheng Wei, Xiaoli Sun, Jian Jiang, Li Sun, Yukun TI Individual identification of dairy cows based on convolutional neural networks SO MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS AB Individual identification of each cow is significant for precision livestock farming. In this paper, we propose a novel contactless cow identification method based on convolutional neural networks. We first collected a set of side-view images of dairy cows, then employed the YOLO model to detect the cow object in the side-view image, and finally fine-tuned a convolutional neural network model to classify each individual cow. In our experiments, a total of 105 side-view images of cows were collected, and the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 96.65% in cow identification, which outperformed existing experiments. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for cow identification and the potential for our method to be applied to other livestock. SN 1380-7501 EI 1573-7721 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 79 IS 21-22 BP 14711 EP 14724 DI 10.1007/s11042-019-7344-7 UT WOS:000538675900022 ER PT J AU Cheng, P Shan, R Yuan, HR Shen, WJ Chen, Y AF Cheng, Peng Shan, Rui Yuan, Hao-Ran Shen, Wei-jun Chen, Yong TI Bioelectricity generation from the salinomycin-simulated livestock sewage in a Rhodococcus pyridinivorans inoculated microbial fuel cell SO PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AB In this study, a novel way to enhance the power-output performance of a Rhodococcus pyridinivorans (HR-1) -inoculated microbial fuel cell (MFC) with salinomycin was demonstrated. In the 5 mg/L salinomycin-treated MFC, the maximum power density and current density was promoted by 63.9 % and 28.1 % times, respectively. Cyclic-voltammetry (CV) analysis revealed that upon the addition of salinomycin the activity of electrochemical substances was enhanced, which resulted in the current-density promotion of the MFC. Salinomycin, as a cationic binding agent that can specifically bind to the channel protein, was responsible for electron transfer from the intracellular level to the micro-organism's surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that the internal resistance of the MFC was diminished after treatment with salinomycin, and thus it was speculated that the obstruction posed by the bio-membrane for electron transfer was reduced. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0957-5820 EI 1744-3598 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 138 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.psep.2020.03.003 UT WOS:000538806500008 ER PT J AU McEnaney, JM Rohr, BA Nielander, AC Singh, AR King, LA Norskov, JK Jaramillo, TF AF McEnaney, Joshua M. Rohr, Brian A. Nielander, Adam C. Singh, Aayush R. King, Laurie A. Norskov, Jens K. Jaramillo, Thomas F. TI A cyclic electrochemical strategy to produce acetylene from CO2, CH4, or alternative carbon sources SO SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS AB Electrochemical transformation of potent greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 to produce useful carbon-based products is a highly desirable sustainability goal. However, selectivity challenges remain in aqueous electrochemical processes as selective CO2 reduction to desired products is difficult and electrochemical CH4 oxidation often proceeds at very low rates. The formation of C-C coupled products in these fields is particularly desirable as this provides a path for the production of high-value fuels and chemicals. We have developed a cyclic electrochemical strategy which can produce acetylene, a C-C coupled product, from such carbon sources and water, with favorable current density and selectivity. This strategy is exemplified with a lithium-mediated cycle: an active Li-0 surface is electrochemically generated from LiOH, the newly formed Li-0 reacts with a carbon source to form Li2C2, and Li2C2 is hydrolyzed to form acetylene and regenerate LiOH. We demonstrate this process primarily using CO2 gas, achieving a current efficiency of 15% to acetylene (which represents 82% of the maximum based on stoichiometric production of oxygenated byproducts, e.g. LiCO3 and/or Li2O), as verified by gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared radiation studies. We also explore CH4, CO, and C as alternative precursors in the acetylene synthesis. Notably, the use of graphitic carbon at higher temperatures resulted in over 55% current efficiency to acetylene, with opportunity for further optimization. Importantly, this cycling method avoids the formation of common side products observed during aqueous electrochemical CO2 and CH4 redox reactions, such as H-2, CO, HCO2-, or CO2. Theoretical considerations elucidate the feasibility and general applicability of this cycle and the process steps have been characterized with specific electrochemical and materials chemistry techniques. The continued development of this strategy may lead to a viable route for the sustainable production of C-C coupled carbon fuels and chemicals. SN 2398-4902 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 4 IS 6 BP 2752 EP 2759 DI 10.1039/c9se00799g UT WOS:000539290400013 ER PT J AU Gomez-Miranda, A Estrada-Flores, JG Morales-Almaraz, E Lopez-Gonzalez, F Flores-Calvete, G Arriaga-Jordan, CM AF Gomez-Miranda, Aida Gertrudis Estrada-Flores, Julieta Morales-Almaraz, Ernesto Lopez-Gonzalez, Felipe Flores-Calvete, Gonzalo Manuel Arriaga-Jordan, Carlos TI Barley or black oat silages in feeding strategies for small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Mexico SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB High costs from external inputs in small- scale dairy systems (SSDS) and possible effects of climate change, require forage alternatives as silage for the dry season, from small-grain cereals that have short cropping cycles, winter hardiness, and good nutritional quality. The objective was to assess the provision of 10 kg dry matter (DM) cow(-1) d(-1) of barley (BLY) or black oat (BKO) silages in three treatments: T1 = 100% BLY; T2 = 50% BLY + 50% BKO; T3 = 100% BKO for milking cows. All treatments also received 4.6 kg DM cow(-1) d(-1) of concentrates and access to pasture. Nine Holstein cows in groups of three were randomly assigned to a 3 x 3 Latin square design repeated three times, with 14 d experimental periods. Measurements of animal variables and sampling for chemical analyses of feeds were done during the last 4 d of each period. Feeding costs were by partial budgets. There were no differences (P > 0.05) for milk yield, milk fat and protein content, milk urea nitrogen, body condition score, or live weight. The cost of BLY silage was 8% less than BKO silage. T1 had the higher margin over cost of feeds followed by T2. Both silages alone or in combination are viable options for SSDS, as there were no differences in performance, or in feeding costs or margins. SN 0008-3984 EI 1918-1825 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 100 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1139/cjas-2018-0237 UT WOS:000538631400001 ER PT J AU Mercy, N AF Mercy, Nkatha TI Centring knowledge democracy within policy-making for sustainability and resilience: A discussion of the Kenyan drylands SO GATEWAYS-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY RESEARCH AND ENGAGEMENT AB Culture, environment and, therefore, knowledge of socioeconomic constructs are intricately interwoven. Over the past decade or two, pastoralists without formal education in Kenyan drylands have increasingly found themselves on the receiving end of community empowerment trainings that lean towards human wildlife conflict and environmental conservation. Why would research entities set aside mega budgets to teach the pastoralist about human wildlife conflict? A pastoralist who has long roamed drylands with his livestock grazing alongside elephants and lions, and whose major life transition ceremonies, celebrations, songs, riddles, proverbs, sayings, poetry and jokes fundamentally feature wildlife. What makes these trainings in 'imparting knowledge' superior to the 'indigenous knowledge' already in the custody of the Borana or the Turkana or the Rendile? This article explores the relevance of community-based knowledges in addressing sustainable development and climate resilience, as articulated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The specific setting for this discussion is the Kenyan drylands, which are central to the achievement of the SDG agenda given that they constitute 84 percent of Kenya's total land surface. They also host up to 75 percent of Kenya's wildlife population, account for more than 80 percent of the country's eco-tourism interests and support about 9.9 million Kenyans, or approximately 34 percent of the Kenyan population. Today, the drylands are impoverished, deficient for both humans and nature.Their vulnerability to disasters is amplified, while their resilience to shocks is greatly weakened, a situation made worse by climate change. To understand the importance of community-based knowledges within policy making for sustainability and resilience, this article examines in detail epistemological, social, historical, political and environmental factors converging on the Kenyan drylands, as well as the opportunity to address this complexity that the SDGs represent. OI Mercy, Nkatha/0000-0002-4586-3227 SN 1836-3393 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 13 IS 1 AR UNSP 7107 DI 10.5130/ijcre.v13i1.7107 UT WOS:000538182800006 ER PT J AU Ma, TL Ding, JF Liu, XL Chen, GL Zheng, JD AF Ma, Tianlin Ding, Jianfei Liu, Xueli Chen, Gangling Zheng, Jiandong TI Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein over different metal phosphate catalysts SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AB We conducted a comparative study of gas phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein over aluminium phosphate, iron phosphate and nickel phosphate catalysts prepared by a simple replacement reaction method (AlP, FeP and NiP). The textural properties, acid amounts, acid types, and coke contents of the samples were studied. The results showed that all metal phosphate catalysts remained in an amorphous state. The glycerol conversion was proportional to the acid amount of metal phosphate catalyst in the glycerol dehydration reaction. Higher value of B/L was more likely to produce acrolein. Among the metal phosphate catalysts, FeP showed superior performance due to its suitable textural and acid properties. After 2 h on stream, high glycerol conversion (96%), acrolein selectivity (82%) and acrolein yield (79%) were achieved on the FeP catalyst at 280 degrees C. The catalyst deactivation was ascribed to carbon deposition on the catalyst surface blocking the active sites during the glycerol dehydration reaction. SN 0256-1115 EI 1975-7220 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 37 IS 6 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1007/s11814-020-0541-2 UT WOS:000538547300004 ER PT J AU Abeje, MT Tsunekawa, A Haregeweyn, N Ayalew, Z Nigussie, Z Berihun, D Adgo, E Elias, A AF Abeje, Misganaw Teshager Tsunekawa, Atsushi Haregeweyn, Nigussie Ayalew, Zemen Nigussie, Zerihun Berihun, Daregot Adgo, Enyew Elias, Asres TI Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality: Insights from the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia SO SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH AB As stated in the 2018 global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report, Ethiopia has the second largest multidimensionally poor population in Africa (after Nigeria). The global MPI was created to measure household's multiple deprivations, but little systematic study has been carried out on the application of MPI measures on a smaller scale and vis-a-vis other measures of poverty. In addition, most of the few existing studies ignore any measure of inequality amongst the multidimensionally poor. This study explored multidimensional poverty in three different drought-prone agro-ecological settings of the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. A preliminary participatory exercise was carried out at the study sites to select important indicators and then a structured survey was administered to 390 systematically and randomly selected households. The Alkire-Foster method was used to analyse multidimensional poverty and verified it with Correlation Sensitive Poverty Index (CSPI). Multidimensional poverty incidence, adjusted head count ratio and inequality were significantly different between study sites (p < 0.001). Results indicated a high incidence (88%, 82% and 80%), intensity (52%, 55% and 56%), MPI (46%, 45% and 45%) and inequality (53%, 60% and 63%) of poverty in Aba Gerima, Guder and Dibatie study sites, respectively. A high level of divergence was revealed between the MPI and CSPI in terms of identifying the poor. The living standard and land and livestock ownership dimensions contributed the most to MPI. The case study signifies the importance of inclusion of land and livestock indicators for the national MPI. Besides, it implies that researchers and policymakers need to account for smaller scale contextualised indicators and location differences when studying and designing anti-poverty interventions. SN 0303-8300 EI 1573-0921 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 149 IS 2 BP 585 EP 611 DI 10.1007/s11205-019-02257-y UT WOS:000538251500009 ER PT J AU Durdevic, D Hulenic, I Kulisic, B AF Durdevic, Dinko Hulenic, Ivona Kulisic, Biljana TI Degradation of Lignocellulosic Complex Through Production of Struvite from Digestate SO WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION AB Anaerobic digestion (AD) is already contributing to global climate change efforts both from feedstock and end-use side but there is still room for an improvement. Digestate is a by-product of AD process that has been neglected during the 2000s and beyond biogas market uptake in the EU. In areas densely populated with AD plants, the same challenges occur as intensive livestock production: feedstock for AD process and lack of available land for nutrient application, in compliance with the good agriculture practice. If digestate is to become a storable fertilizer, it could also replace fossil-based fertilizer and add to GHG emission savings. This paper examines a viability of thermo-chemical digestate treatment to utilize it as feedstock in the AD process by crystalizing nutrients from digestate to allow long distance nutrient application. Digestate was treated with thermo-chemical treatment, consisted of mostly components (heat, sulphur) available on site. The treatment proved the degradation of lignocellulosic walls, allowing more access of bacteria to monosaccharides concentrations, i.e. sugars, but nutrients crystallization also occurred, producing struvite and beta-calcium phosphate tetrahydrate. Treated digestate was re-circulated in AD to record an increase in methane concentrations by 3-5 vol%, compared to conventional mixtures. The results lay foundation for further research in GHG emission savings from digestate, improved nutrient cycle and digestate management as well as potential in improvement of economic feasibility of an AD plant by expanding the feedstock base to locally available plant materials with tighter lignocellulosic bonds. SN 1877-2641 EI 1877-265X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2559 EP 2566 DI 10.1007/s12649-019-00637-6 UT WOS:000531470600017 ER PT J AU Nuvey, FS Kreppel, K Nortey, PA Addo-Lartey, AA Sarfo, B Fokou, G Ameme, D Kenu, E Sackey, SO Addo, KK Afari, E Chibanda, D Bonfoh, B AF Nuvey, Francis Sena Kreppel, Katharina Nortey, Priscilla Awo Addo-Lartey, Adolphina A. Sarfo, Bismark Fokou, Gilbert Ameme, Donne Kenu, Ernest Sackey, Samuel Oko Addo, Kennedy Kwasi Afari, Edwin Chibanda, Dixon Bonfoh, Bassirou TI Poor mental health of livestock farmers in Africa: a mixed methods case study from Ghana SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH AB Background Agriculture represents the mainstay of African economies and livestock products are essential to the human population's nutritional needs. However, in many developing countries, including Ghana, livestock production fails to meet demand due to population growth and negative effects of climate change. One of the challenges to production is livestock loss affecting farmers. However, despite stressful events experienced, livestock farmers' mental health is poorly documented. This study aims to identify the root causes of livestock losses and their influence on pastoralists' mental health. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study in two districts in the Northern and Southern Belts of Ghana. Using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and guided interviews, we collected quantitative and qualitative data from 287 livestock farmers and 24 key-informants respectively. Mental health scores were categorized using standard guidelines. We evaluated the factors that explained variations in mental wellbeing using general linear models (alpha = 0.05). Results About 85% (240/287) of the livestock farmers lost cattle within 1 year. Of these, 91% lost cattle to animal diseases, 50% to theft and 27% to pasture shortages. Qualitative findings reveal that due to poor access to veterinary services, farmers treat livestock diseases themselves with drugs from unregulated sources and often sell diseased cows for meat to recover losses. Findings showed that 60% of livestock farmers had poor mental health. Of those, 72% were depressed, 66% anxious and 59% stressed. Mental wellbeing was negatively associated with the number of adverse events experienced, proportion of livestock lost to most of the major loss factors, emotional attachment to livestock and self-reported physical illnesses in farmers, but positively associated with increasing herd size [F (8,278) = 14.18, p < 0.001, R-2 = 0.29]. Conclusions Livestock diseases are the leading cause of losses to livestock farmers, whose mental wellbeing is negatively affected by these losses. Although an adaptive strategy by farmers to compensate for poor veterinary services, the arbitrary use of veterinary drugs and sale of diseased cattle pose health risks to the public. Further research to evaluate the performance of veterinary services in Ghana, mental health problems and risk to human health due to potential high-risk meat entering the food chain, is needed. EI 1471-2458 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 20 IS 1 AR 825 DI 10.1186/s12889-020-08949-2 UT WOS:000538058600002 PM 32487132 ER PT J AU Arjkumpa, O Sansamur, C Sutthipankul, P Inchaisri, C Lampang, KN Charoenpanyanet, A Punyapornwithaya, V AF Arjkumpa, Orapun Sansamur, Chalutwan Sutthipankul, Pakdee Inchaisri, Chaidate Lampang, Kannika Na Charoenpanyanet, Arisara Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak TI Spatiotemporal analyses of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in cattle farms in Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH AB Background Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious and contagious febrile vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed livestock with high socio-economic consequences globally. In Thailand, FMD is endemic with 183 and 262 outbreaks occurring in the years 2015 and 2016, respectively. In this study, we aimed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of FMD outbreaks among cattle in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces in the northern part of Thailand during the period of 2015-2016. A retrospective space-time scan statistic including a space-time permutation (STP) and the Poisson and Bernoulli models were applied in order to detect areas of high incidence of FMD. Results Results have shown that 9 and 8 clusters were identified by the STP model in 2015 and 2016, respectively, whereas 1 and 3 clusters were identified by the Poisson model, and 3 and 4 clusters were detected when the Bernoulli model was applied for the same time period. In 2015, the most likely clusters were observed in Chiang Mai and these had a minimum radius of 1.49 km and a maximum radius of 20 km. Outbreaks were clustered in the period between the months of May and October of 2015. The most likely clusters in 2016 were observed in central Lamphun based on the STP model and in the eastern area of Chiang Mai by the Poisson and Bernoulli models. The cluster size of the STP model (8.51 km) was smaller than those of the Poisson and Bernoulli models (> 20 km). The cluster periods in 2016 were approximately 7 months, while 4 months and 1 month were identified by the Poisson, Bernoulli and STP models respectively. Conclusions The application of three models provided more information for FMD outbreak epidemiology. The findings from this study suggest the use of three different space-time scan models for the investigation process of outbreaks along with the follow-up process to identify FMD outbreak clusters. Therefore, active prevention and control strategies should be implemented in the areas that are most susceptible to FMD outbreaks. OI Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak/0000-0001-9870-7773 EI 1746-6148 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 16 IS 1 AR 170 DI 10.1186/s12917-020-02392-6 UT WOS:000538056700001 PM 32487166 ER PT J AU El Mourabit, Y Derouich, A Allouhi, A El Ghzizal, A El Ouanjli, N Zamzoumyes, O AF El Mourabit, Youness Derouich, Aziz Allouhi, Amine El Ghzizal, Abdelaziz El Ouanjli, Najib Zamzoumyes, Othmane TI Sustainable production of wind energy in the main Morocco's sites using permanent magnet synchronous generators SO INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS AB This paper assesses the behavior of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) under the fuzzy control in several sites located in Morocco. The sites involved in this study are located in coastal areas, namely, Assila, Houceima, Tetouan, Dakhla, Essaouira, and Laayoun. Furthermore, the first part deals with an inventory and state of art of the wind potential, achievements, work in progress, and future projects in the Kingdom of Morocco. Subsequently, a statistical analysis of the wind data and concerning the wind speed and direction in relevant geographical areas was presented in detail. The second part of the paper examines the control of WECS which is based on the direct control of the permanent magnet synchronous generator. Generator connection to the power grid is achieved by two power converters in back-to-back configuration controlled by pulse width modulation. The whole system modeling including the generator modeling was discussed. The control development based on (Fuzzy-proportional-integral) corrector for the machine-side converter and the maximization of the power extracted from the wind using the maximum power point tracking technique have been developed. The grid-side converter ensures the system connection to the grid with good power quality and controls the DC bus voltage. The control strategy is verified through the simulation in the Matlab-Simulink environment to validate and evaluate the dynamic performance of the system using real wind measurements for the selected sites. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the intended control. Interestingly, the southern zone of Morocco is more convenient for the exploitation of electricity production compared to the northern zone of the country which it can be beneficial for autonomous applications. SN 2050-7038 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 6 AR e12390 DI 10.1002/2050-7038.12390 UT WOS:000538111600001 ER PT J AU Sun, JJ Wang, PB Tong, YS Hao, YY He, YL Wang, HB Yu, XJ AF Sun, Jin-jin Wang, Peng-bin Tong, Yong-shang Hao, Yuan-yuan He, You-long Wang, Hai-bo Yu, Xiao-jun TI Overload type and optimization of meadow carrying capacity in Maqin County in the Three-River Source Region, China SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE AB Alpine meadows, comprising the main ecosystem of the Three-River Source Region, play an important role in the economic development of western pastoral areas. To determine whether the grazing level was too intense or the nutrient-carrying capacity of the meadows was overloaded, and to offer solutions in Maqin County, Qinghai Province, China, the meadows carrying capacity was determined by combining grass-yield and nutrients data for different seasons across different meadows. The results showed that the levels of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, soluble sugars (SS), gas production, and energy value of forage in the summer-autumn grazing meadows were higher than those of the winter-spring meadows. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of forage in the summer-autumn grazing meadows were lower than those of the winter-spring meadows. We found that no pastures were overloaded with metabolizable energy (ME) for the whole year but digestible crude protein (DCP) was overloaded in winter-spring. And there were differences in the amount carrying capacity (forage yield) of seasonal grazing meadows for the different herds, the overload types were annual overloading (herd A), overloaded in summer-autumn (herd B), overloaded in winter-spring (herd C), and not overloaded (herd D). Compared with the previous grazing mode, theoretical carrying capacity, DCP carrying capacity, and ME carrying capacity of herd A increased by 20, 19, and 27 sheep units, respectively, after optimization; herd B: 36, 31, and 45 sheep units, respectively; herd C: 28, 23, and 44 sheep units, respectively; and herd D: 43, 40, and 61 sheep units, respectively. In the Three-River Source Region and similar alpine pastoral areas, the grassland-livestock structure should be optimized to improve grassland vegetation status and increase the theoretical carrying capacity. SN 1672-6316 EI 1993-0321 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1397 DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5904-y UT WOS:000538038700008 ER PT J AU Patil, RH Patil, MP Maheshwari, VL AF Patil, Ravindra H. Patil, Mohini P. Maheshwari, Vijay L. TI Microbial transformation of crop residues into a nutritionally enriched substrate and its potential application in livestock feed SO SN APPLIED SCIENCES AB Bioconversion of three different agro-residues (groundnut shells, pigeon pea husk and wheat straw) was studied using endophytic fungi with a view to increasing the nutritive value and to evaluate its feasibility as poultry feed. An endophytic fungal isolate obtained from Celastrus paniculatus, effectively biotransformed selected agro-residues in solid state fermentation. After 21 days incubation, isolate CPL-1 significantly altered the nutritional values of all tested agro-residues. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) whereas, total carbohydrates were significantly increased in the biotransformed waste as compared to untreated residues. Of the three agro-residues studied, the groundnut shells were found to have maximum carbohydrate content (13.92 +/- 0.7 g/100 g) after the treatment. Similarly, the total crude protein and total nitrogen contents of the treated waste were also significantly improved (P < 0.05) as a function of treatment with the isolate CPL-1 with their highest contents (24.95 +/- 1.4 and 15.53 +/- 1.2 g/100 g, respectively) recorded in the treated groundnut shells. The isolate CPL-1 was identified as Colletotrichum spp. based on the morphology. The tannins and phytate contents were found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the processed wastes. Application of treated agro-residues in poultry diets revealed that the biotransformed groundnut shells and pigeon pea waste can be added up to 20 and 10%, respectively to the commercial poultry diet used in the study without any adverse effects. The results showed that the treated residues of groundnut shells can be used as a partial substitute to the conventional poultry diets as they are rich in enzyme phytase and other nutrients and have good digestibility. SN 2523-3963 EI 2523-3971 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 2 IS 6 AR 1140 DI 10.1007/s42452-020-2949-z UT WOS:000538087000144 ER PT J AU Martinez, P Canals, M Alvarado, S Caceres, DD AF Martinez, Paulina Canals, Mauricio Alvarado, Sergio Caceres, Dante D. TI Contribution of Anthropogenic Factors and Climate Variables to Human Cystic Echinococcosis Mortality in Chile (2001-2011) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES AB Here we assess the effect of weather and anthropogenic environmental variables, particularly urbanization, on cystic echinococcosis mortality in Chile from 2001 to 2011 using a nonparametric regression model, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and Poisson nonlinear regression models. This study integrated data from various sources on weather and anthropogenic variables. The canine population had the greatest influence on human cystic echinococcosis mortality during the period analyzed. Urbanization among anthropogenic variables and temperature and precipitation among the weather-related variables were the main factors related to cystic echinococcosis deaths. Deaths decreased with urbanization level. Temperature showed a nonlinear impact on mortality, with an optimum value similar to 11 degrees C. Public policies aimed at improving safe management of companion animal populations are crucial in controlling the spread of this disease. Effective animal management strategies would have wide-ranging public health benefits, advance the welfare of companion animals and livestock, and decrease the number of human cystic echinococcosis cases. SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 DI 10.1089/vbz.2019.2610 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000538098400001 PM 32471329 ER PT J AU Damuchali, AM Guo, HQ AF Damuchali, Ali Motalebi Guo, Huiqing TI Evaluation of odour properties, their relationships, and impact of an oil refinery plant on the surrounding environment using field measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT AB Odour emissions from oil refineries are one of the important air pollution issues, which can limit the establishment or expansion of new or existing plants due to the complaints of nearby residents. Odour emissions accompanied by complaints can affect property values and, more importantly, the health of people living in adjacent areas. Developing suitable setback distances by considering appropriate odour impact criteria is one of the most effective approaches to avoid odour nuisance. However, a lack of knowledge surrounding the odour emissions and odour properties of oil refineries has made developing source-specific odour impact criteria and setback distance difficult. This study investigates odour dispersion from a conventional oil refinery plant in the surrounding environment using field measurements at 62 spots up to 7 km downwind of the plant, with measurements being taken in the spring and summer. Various odour properties of the oil refinery air emissions, including odour concentration (OC), odour intensity (01), odour hedonic tone (HT), and odour character have been measured by adapting the relevant standards and using commonly applied methods from previous odour studies. Results show that odour can travel up to 7 km from the refinery under certain weather conditions. In general, a more stable atmosphere results in transporting odour from the plant to further distances in colder seasons, and lower wind speeds lead to higher OC in nearby areas. The study also categorizes the emitted odour into 5 limited characters, which can be used to identify compounds responsible for odour problems. The study finds an exponential relationship between OI and OC, and a linear relationship between OI and HT in which odour character does not play an important role. By providing an overview of oil refinery odour properties and radii of dispersion in the surrounding environment, the results of this study could provide jurisdictions with a scientific basis for setting odour impact criteria and setback distances from oil refineries. OI Motalebi Damuchali, Ali/0000-0003-0779-0589 SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 230 AR 117480 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117480 UT WOS:000537838300008 ER PT J AU Chakma, S Hokugo, A AF Chakma, Swarnali Hokugo, Akihiko TI Evacuation Behavior: Why Do Some People Never Evacuate to a Cyclone Shelter During an Emergency? A Case Study of Coastal Bangladesh SO JOURNAL OF DISASTER RESEARCH AB According to the World Risk Report in 2018, Bangladesh has been identified as the most vulnerable country in the world. Among the 64 districts of this country, 19 districts are known as coastal districts 36.8 million people live in high-risk areas. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the reasons and factors why many residents do not comply with evacuation orders to cyclone shelters in an emergency period. Based on survey data collected from the survivors this paper finds that prior to the landfall of cyclone Komen in 2015 the majority of the respondents in Kutubdia Upazila had received cyclone warning either from Cyclone Preparedness Program volunteers or the radio, but only 61% of respondents in this village responded to the warning by seeking protection in the nearby shelter. The major identified reasons for 39% of respondent's non-compliance with evacuation orders are the long distance of a cyclone shelter from home, an absence of the head of the family, gender-related concerns, not enough space in the shelter, the poor road network and no space for livestock in the shelter. It is also found that people did not start evacuation until observing the symptom of risk. To improve cyclone preparedness and response to evacuation orders from residents, an educational campaign by Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) is needed in coastal zones to improve the use of public cyclone shelters. Finally, to reduce risk Government should take the initiative for infrastructural development in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. SN 1881-2473 EI 1883-8030 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 15 IS 4 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.20965/jdr.2020.p0481 UT WOS:000537838900002 ER PT J AU Chauhan, P Dogra, S Chaudhary, S Kumar, R AF Chauhan, P. Dogra, S. Chaudhary, S. Kumar, R. TI Usage of coconut coir for sustainable production of high-valued carbon dots with discriminatory sensing aptitude toward metal ions SO MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY AB A novel, remunerative, green synthetic methodology without adding any kind of extra chemical reagent has been proposed for synthesizing highly fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) by using waste coconut coir as the C source. The as-prepared C-dots possessed a quantum yield of 48% and displayed a high solubility rate in aqueous media. The fluorescence emission intensity of C-dots is found to be excitation dependent with high stability toward variation in the reaction medium. The bio-congenial performance of C-dots has been checked by employing quantitative multi-assay including fungus, plant, aquatic animals, and at the chromosomal level. It is notable that the antibacterial studies of as-prepared C-dots have presented appealing outcomes which advocated that C-dots prepared using coconut coir are biocompatible toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with no zone of inhibition in much higher concentration ranges. The as-prepared C-dots provided a simple sensing podium with high sensitivity and selectivity with a "turn-on and turn-off" fluorescence response for the detection of dual metal ions i.e. cadmium and copper ions in aqueous media with a detection limit of 0.18 nM and 0.28 nM, respectively. The practical utilities of the biocompatible C-dots have been checked over different water resources. The current work provided a simple, easy, bio-matched, harmless, rapid, and cost-effective sensory probe for wastewater remediation. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 2468-5194 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 16 AR UNSP 100247 DI 10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100247 UT WOS:000537735400021 ER PT J AU Chaffee, BW Tharp, JC Clark, JS Kent, S AF Chaffee, Bruce W. Tharp, Jamie C. Clark, John S. Kent, Stanley TI A compounding compliance team at an academic medical center SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY AB Purpose: Highly publicized safety issues arising from poor sterile compounding practices in facilities around the United States have garnered substantial attention in recent years. This attention has led to increased scrutiny of health systems by regulatory bodies, new regulatory requirements, and changes to existing regulations or their interpretation. Health systems are often resource constrained, and the added work resulting from this scrutiny challenges pharmacy departments in meeting regulatory requirements and United States Pharmacopeia chapter 797 standards for sterile compounding. This article describes the creation of a dedicated compounding compliance team (CCT) and the team's responsibilities in support of pharmacy operations in achieving compliance with those standards. Summary: Visits to our organization by several regulatory bodies resulted in findings that required substantial work in order to achieve compliance with sterile compounding standards. Given the number and complexity of findings and the need for timely resolution, it was felt that specialized staff were needed to understand, evaluate, and correct identified deficiencies and help the already overburdened staff and leadership comply with existing standards. A CCT was formed, and work was simultaneously initiated on ensuring proper credentialing and training of all compounding staff, development of standard operating procedures, improvements in facilities, environmental monitoring, equipment certifications, practice auditing, and documentation. Key activities of the team included strategic planning, building relationships, communicating with stakeholders, self-education, and record keeping. Key partners included environmental services, facilities, and infection prevention and control personnel and departmental staff and leaders. Conclusion: The formation and collaborative work of a CCT at an academic medical center was successful in changing the culture of the organization and achieving compliance during visits from several regulatory agencies. SN 1079-2082 EI 1535-2900 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 77 IS 11 BP 882 EP 891 DI 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa063 UT WOS:000537506800010 PM 32318700 ER PT J AU Bray, D Isberg, E Hillbur, Y Ignell, R AF Bray, Daniel Isberg, Elin Hillbur, Ylva Ignell, Rickard TI Influence of light and kairomone baiting systems on trap collections of biting midges in southern Sweden SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY AB Effective surveillance is essential for protecting livestock from Culicoides biting midges and the viruses they transmit. The objective of this study was to determine how the baiting system used in traps (UV, incandescent light, incandescent light with CO2, and incandescent light with CO2 and 1-octen-3-ol) influences estimates of midge population abundance, parity, and diel activity. This was achieved through a standardized trapping protocol conducted in three habitats in Sweden. UV light traps caught the most Culicoides species and more C. obsoletus complex females than incandescent light traps. Traps baited with CO2 plus 1-octen-3-ol caught more female C. impunctatus than incandescent light traps. No consistent effect of bait type was found on C. obsoletus parity rate, as estimated from the proportion of midges with presence or absence of pigmentation. Midge activity, as reflected by trap catches, peaked between -3 h and +3 h relative to sunset, with UV traps catching significantly more female C. obsoletus complex and C. impunctatus at and after sunset than before sunset. We conclude that baiting system can influence biting midge collections, even using identical traps. Effective surveillance may require more than one bait type and kairomones to attract species that do not feed exclusively on cattle. SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 45 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1111/jvec.12372 UT WOS:000537557000006 PM 32492275 ER PT J AU Moraes, JLP Santana, HTM Bandeira, MDA Rebelo, JMM AF Pinto Moraes, Jorge Luiz Marinho Santana, Heliana Trindade Abreu Bandeira, Maria da Conceicao Macario Rebelo, Jose Manuel TI Effects of forest degradation on the sand fly communities of northeast Brazil SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY AB The richness and abundance of sand fly species were studied in northeastern Brazil in areas of leishmaniasis transmission. The study was carried out in two forest areas with different deforestation times for agricultural and livestock activities: one modified by long-term settlement (more than 50 years of occupation) and another less impacted by short-term settlement (10 years). The sand flies were captured with CDC light traps from 18:00 to 06:00 for three consecutive nights, once a month, from May, 2012 to April, 2014. The study captured 21,708 specimens and also 33 species of Lutzomyia and two of Brumptomyia. Species richness and abundance were higher in the more conserved area of short-term occupation (31 species; 61.7%) than in the more degraded area with long-term occupation (17 species; 38.3%). In the most conserved area, the species richness was higher in the forest fragment than in the rural settlement, whereas in the degraded area the richness was higher in the peri-domicile than in the forest. The diversity was higher in the degraded area forest. There were significant statistical differences when comparing the means of total abundance with the intra-domicile, peri-domicile, and forest environments. The average abundance was statistically higher in the peri-domicile compared to the forest (p = 0.009), but there were no statistically significant differences between intra-domicile-peri-domicile (p = 0.11) and forest-intra-domicile (p = 0.87). In conclusion, a change in vegetation cover negatively affects the richness and abundance of sand flies in the natural environment. SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 45 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1111/jvec.12376 UT WOS:000537557000010 PM 32492277 ER PT J AU Ali, SS Sonbol, FI Sun, JZ Hussein, MA Hafez, AEE Abdelkarim, EA Kornaros, M Ali, A Azab, M AF Ali, Sameh S. Sonbol, Fatma, I Sun, Jianzhong Hussein, Mohamed A. Hafez, Abd-Elsalam E. Abdelkarim, Esraa A. Kornaros, Michael Ali, Asmaa Azab, Maha TI Molecular characterization of virulence and drug resistance genes-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat: Metal oxide nanoparticles as novel antibacterial agents SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AB Escherichia coli is a major global foodborne pathogen, infecting a wide range of animals and contaminating their meat products. E. coll., can lead to high morbidity and mortality with a huge economic loss especially if food-borne diseases are associated with multidrug resistant (MDR)- and multivirulent-producing pathogens. Due to the increased resistance to common antimicrobials used to treat livestock animals and human infections, the discovery of new and innovative nanomaterials are in high demand. Recently, metal oxides can be considered as effective inorganic agents with antimicrobial features. Hence, this study might be the first to evaluate the ef-ficiency of metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) as novel antibacterial agents against MDR/multivirulent E. coli pathogens isolated from chicken meat. The occurrence of pathogenic E. coli was determined in fresh warm chicken meat parts (breast, thigh, liver and gizzard). Ninety-one of 132 (69%) chicken meat parts were Escherichia -positive with E. coli as the only species isolated. Out of identified 240 E. coll. strains, 72.5% (174/240) were classified as MDR E. coll. strains. Fifty-five profile patterns were obtained. From each pattern, one strain was randomly selected for further analysis of virulence and resistance genes. Extracted DNA was assessed for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (bla(IMP-7 ),bla(IMP-25), bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA-2), tetA, aadA, and aac(3)-IV) and virulence genes (stx1, stx2, hlyA, eaeA, aggR, eltB, estib, papA, afa and hlyD). Clustering analyses revealed that 10 E. coli harboring the highest number of virulence and resistance genes were shifted together into one cluster designated as cluster X. The average activities of zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO2-NPs) were higher than that of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) by 20% and 29%, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of ZnO2-NPs in comparison with aspirin was assessed using mem-brane stabilization, albumin denaturation, and proteinase inhibition methods. Significant anti-inflammatory activity of ZnO2-NPs was achieved at concentration levels of 500-1000 mu g/ml. It seems that MO-NPs are effective alternative agents, since they exhibited a competitive antibacterial capability against MDR/multivirulent-pro-ducing E. coli pathogens isolated from chicken meat. Hence, ZnO2-NPs are a promising nanoparticles-based material for controlling foodborne pathogens, thereby valued for food safety applications. SN 0882-4010 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 143 AR 104164 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104164 UT WOS:000537562100037 PM 32198092 ER PT J AU Lenz, N Caduff, U Jorg, R Beglinger, C Rieder, S AF Lenz, N. Caduff, U. Joerg, R. Beglinger, C. Rieder, S. TI Spatial accessibility to animal health care - a GIS based analysis SO SCHWEIZER ARCHIV FUR TIERHEILKUNDE AB Various studies from the past years examine the changing conditions and challenges in the veterinary sector. Secured access to public and private care services is a prerequisite for a holistically oriented health care system ("One Health"). In the present study, a multidimensional concept of accessibility to care services was used for the first time to determine and visualize the density of the animal health care system in Switzerland. Traditional indicators used to describe care structures focus either on availability or accessibility. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional indicators, the family of methods known as Floating-Catchment-Area-Methods ( FCA) has been developed in care geographical research. The strength of FCA methods lies in the fact that they output accessibility independent of administrative boundaries and at the same time consider the spatial distance and available capacities. The study provides insight into the density of animal health care services using FCA methods and geographical information systems (GIS). Data on providers of veterinary services in the companion animal sector and, on the demand side, data on dogs and cats kept in Switzerland served as illustrative example. The result was interactive maps of the density of health care and the structure of spatial accessibility to veterinary providers and consumers. As expected, high spatial accessibility is found in the urban centers and the agglomerations of the Central Plateau. In contrast, spatial accessibility to medical services for dogs and cats is often lower in peripheral areas. Due to hitherto unavailable data, various analyses had to be postponed for the time being. For example, the model could of course be extended to all animal species and all types of medical services. In addition, it would also be possible to forecast the future density of health care, or to optimize the care system. Together with the relevant industry stakeholders, these gaps could be closed, and the model and the resulting findings could be further differentiated. The results should serve private actors in the concerned value chains, but also decision-makers in the public veterinary service, governmental authorities, agricultural bodies, universities, etc. as a basis for strategic decisions regarding the issue of medical supply density and care services in the animal sector. SN 0036-7281 EI 1664-2848 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 162 IS 6 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.17236/sat00263 UT WOS:000537418000003 PM 32489182 ER PT J AU Torres, RT Lopes, D Fonseca, C Rosalino, LM AF Torres, Rita Tinoco Lopes, Diana Fonseca, Carlos Rosalino, Luis Miguel TI One rule does not fit it all: Patterns and drivers of stakeholders perspectives of the endangered Iberian wolf SO JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION AB Public attitudes are vital for the successful implementation of management strategies and conservation programs. However, contradictory interests among different stakeholders can create important setbacks, creating barriers to achieve conservation goals. The endangered Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) occupies now only 20 % of its historical distribution area, in Portugal, and its reduction was mostly due to direct human persecution. Here, we assessed locals' attitudes towards the Iberian wolf in northeast Portugal, in a region where humans and wolves coexist for centuries. A total of 323 questionnaires from three different interest groups (general public, livestock owners and hunters) were analysed. We tested the differences in attitude and fear level patterns between the different groups and assessed what socio-demographic factors could be influencing the detected patterns. We found that general attitude towards this carnivore was neutral to positive, probably owing to the low levels of livestock predation and long coexistence with local populations. However, most drivers differed among stakeholders groups. Education, knowledge, and level of fear were strong predictors explaining attitudes towards this endangered species. We stress the importance of assessing attitudes patterns and identifying the socio-psychological factors as necessary tools to facilitate the development of targeted tolerance-promoting strategies. Among other instruments, increasing locals' tolerance toward the Iberian wolf can be achieved by target education interventions, where the stakeholders can actively take part in discussions to accommodate their needs and expectation, rather than be listeners of the implemented programs. RI Rosalino, Luis Miguel/B-9406-2009 OI Rosalino, Luis Miguel/0000-0003-4186-7332 SN 1617-1381 EI 1618-1093 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 55 AR UNSP 125822 DI 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125822 UT WOS:000536928400011 ER PT J AU Makanjuola, BO Miglior, F Abdalla, EA Maltecca, C Schenkel, FS Baes, CF AF Makanjuola, Bayode O. Miglior, Filippo Abdalla, Emhimad A. Maltecca, Christian Schenkel, Flavio S. Baes, Christine F. TI Effect of genomic selection on rate of inbreeding and coancestry and effective population size of Holstein and Jersey cattle populations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Genetic diversity in livestock populations is a significant contributor to the sustainability of animal production. Also, genetic diversity allows animal production to become more responsive to environmental changes and market demands. The loss of genetic diversity can result in a plateau in production and may also result in loss of fitness or viability in animal production. In this study, we investigated the rate of inbreeding (Delta F), rate of coancestry (Delta f), and effective population size (N-e) as important quantitative indicators of genetic diversity and evaluated the effect of the recent implementation of genomic selection on the loss of genetic diversity in North American Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle. To estimate the rate of inbreeding and coancestry, inbreeding and coancestry coefficients were calculated using the traditional pedigree method and genomic methods estimated from segment- and marker-based approaches. Furthermore, we estimated N-e from the rate of inbreeding and coancestry and extent of linkage disequilibrium. A total of 205,755 and 89,238 pedigreed and genotyped animals born between 1990 and 2018 inclusively were available for Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively. The estimated average pedigree inbreeding coefficients were 7.74 and 7.20% for Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively. The corresponding values for the segment and marker-by-marker genomic inbreeding coefficients were 13.61, 15.64, and 31.40% for Holsteins and 21.16, 22.54, and 42.62% for Jerseys, respectively. The average coancestry coefficients were 8.33 and 15.84% for Holsteins and 9.23 and 23.46% for Jerseys with pedigree and genomic measures, respectively. Generation interval for the whole 29-yr time period averaged approximately 5 yr for all selection pathways combined. The Delta F per generation based on pedigree, segment, and marker-by-marker genomic measures for the entire 29-yr period was estimated to be 0.75, 1.10, 1.16, and 1.02% for Holstein animals and 0.67, 0.62, 0.63, and 0.59% for Jersey animals, respectively. The Delta f was estimated to be 0.98 and 0.98% for Holsteins and 0.73 and 0.78% for Jerseys with pedigree and genomic measures, respectively. These Delta F and Delta f translated to an N-e that ranged from 43 to 66 animals for Holsteins and 64 to 85 animals for Jerseys. In addition, the Ne based on linkage disequilibrium was 58 and 120 for Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively. The 10-yr period that involved the application of genomic selection resulted in an increased Delta F per generation with ranges from 1.19 to 2.06% for pedigree and genomic measures in Holsteins. Given the rate at which inbreeding is increasing after the implementation of genomic selection, there is a need to implement measures and means for controlling the rate of inbreeding per year, which will help to manage and maintain farm animal genetic resources. OI maltecca, christian/0000-0002-9996-4680; Baes, Christine/0000-0001-6614-8890; Miglior, Filippo/0000-0003-2345-8842; Makanjuola, Bayode/0000-0002-3485-0201 SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 103 IS 6 BP 5183 EP 5199 DI 10.3168/jds.2019-18013 UT WOS:000536903900027 PM 32278553 ER PT J AU Qasim, S Qasim, M AF Qasim, Said Qasim, Muhammad TI An indicator based approach for assessing household's perceptions of landslide risk in Murree hills of Pakistan SO NATURAL HAZARDS AB The Murree region in Pakistan is frequently affected by landslides and causes damages to lands, houses, life lines and even loss of livestock and human life. We have attempted in this paper to compare the landslide risk perception of three selected sites of Murree based on selected indicators. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information from a sample of 200 households in a random manner. A Likert scale technique was used to assess the main indicators (awareness, likelihood, impact and fear) of risk perceptions. Results showed that the index values for the above-mentioned indicators were low for the rural fringe, medium for urban fringe and high for inner city. Results of the values of the overall perceived risk were higher for inner city as compared to urban fringe and rural fringe. The study has important implications for policy makers to arrange trainings and workshops particularly for the residents of rural and urban fringe to raise their awareness and perception levels about landslide risks. The proposed measures will increase their levels of preparedness and mitigation measures in the study area. SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 DI 10.1007/s11069-020-04076-8 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000537369000001 ER PT J AU de Almeida, LVB Rodrigues, WP da Silva, JR Figueiredo, FAMMD de Deus, BCD Ruas, KF Ferraz, TM Martins, AD Griffin, KL Bressan-Smith, R Campostrini, E AF Braun de Almeida, Luciana Venturotti Rodrigues, Weverton Pereira da Silva, Jefferson Rangel Moura de Assis Figueiredo, Fabio Afonso Mazzei da Silva de Deus, Bruna Correa Ruas, Katherine Fraga Ferraz, Tiago Massi Martins, Amanda de Oliveira Griffin, Kevin Lee Bressan-Smith, Ricardo Campostrini, Eliemar TI Transparent polyethylene covering film in tropical grapevines does not alter photosynthesis, plant growth, fruit quality or yield SO THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB Information concerning the effects of the transparent plastic covering (TPC) on photosynthetic performance, plant growth and yield of tropically grown grapevines is limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of TPC on leaf gas exchanges, photochemical efficiency, plant growth and both fruit quality and yield in Vitis labrusca cv. 'Niagara Rosada' and V. vinifera cv. 'BRS Clara'. The research was conducted from September (spring) to December (summer) 2012 (Harvest 1-H1) and from March (autumn) to June (winter) 2013 (Harvest 2-H2). Both genotypes were grown in either covered (TPC: low-density polyethylene-LDPE) or uncovered (NTPC: control) sites. Leaf gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf water potential, plant growth as well as fruit yield and quality were measured. We found that modifications of microclimatic variables caused by TPC use [i.e., increases in air temperature (+ 8% at H1 and + 6% at H2 in T-max), in temperature amplitude (Delta T degrees C-+ 17% at H1 and + 7% at H2), and in VPDairmax (+ 25% at H1 and + 20% on H2), as well as reductions in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, - 28% at H1 and - 45% at H2)] did not substantially affect leaf gas exchanges, photochemical efficiency, plant growth and both fruit quality and yield of both genotypes. Therefore, the greatest benefits of growing table grapes in tropical regions under TPC can be associated with grape protection. RI Campostrini, Eliemar/C-4917-2013 OI Campostrini, Eliemar/0000-0002-1329-1084 SN 2197-0025 DI 10.1007/s40626-020-00177-8 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000537415300001 ER PT J AU Fenner, JN Delgermaa, L Piper, PJ Wood, R Stuart-Williams, H AF Fenner, Jack N. Delgermaa, Lkhagvadorj Piper, Philip J. Wood, Rachel Stuart-Williams, Hilary TI Stable isotope and radiocarbon analyses of livestock from the Mongol Empire site of Avraga, Mongolia SO ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ASIA AB The Mongol Empire site of Avraga in eastern Mongolia has been proposed to be the site of Chinggis Khan's ordu, or winter base camp. We performed radiocarbon and multi-element stable isotope analyses of livestock bones and teeth from Avraga to assess its chronological association with Chinggis Khan and to investigate livestock husbandry and isotopic variability. The radiocarbon results indicate that the primary occupation of Avraga was during and perhaps just after Chinggis Khan's lifetime, and that there was a later use of a large platform area which has been argued to have a ritual function related to Chinggis Khan. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and strontium stable isotope analysis of sheep, goat, cattle and horse bones and teeth provide insight into the management of livestock during the Empire, and also provide an improved basis for evaluating human stable isotope data from the region. SN 2352-2267 EI 2352-2275 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 22 AR 100181 DI 10.1016/j.ara.2020.100181 UT WOS:000536883800005 ER PT J AU Abraham, KF Sharp, CM Kotanen, PM AF Abraham, Kenneth F. Sharp, Christopher M. Kotanen, Peter M. TI Habitat change at a multi-species goose breeding area on Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada, 1979-2010 SO ARCTIC SCIENCE AB Foraging by hyperabundant Arctic-nesting geese has significant impacts on vegetation of Arctic and subarctic coastal lowlands, but long-term data sets documenting these changes are rare. We undertook intensive surveys of plant communities at East Bay and South Bay, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada, in July 2010. Lesser Snow Geese, Ross's Geese, Cackling Geese, and Brant nest and rear young at these sites; the first three have experienced up to 10-fold increases since the 1970s. At East Bay, we found significant declines in graminoids over the 31-year span, as well as significant declines in lichen and willow cover, and significant increases in rock cover. Transect data indicated graminoids were present at only 15%-36% of points at East Bay, whereas at South Bay, graminoids were present at 28%-90% of points. Moss was more prominent in transects at South Bay than at (1) East Bay (40%-85% vs. 19%-42%), but quadrat data indicated much more of the moss cover szle) at South Bay apparently was dead than at East Bay. Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr. exceeded 1% in only two transects. Our data demonstrate a striking decline of preferred forage species and increases in non-forage cover, consistent with the hypothesis that changes resulted from persistent long-term foraging by the four species of breeding, geese between spring arrival and late summer departure. EI 2368-7460 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 6 IS 2 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1139/as-2018-0032 UT WOS:000536729800003 ER PT J AU Piers, L Samuels, I Masubelele, M Engelbrecht, A AF Piers, Laetitia Samuels, Igshaan Masubelele, Mmoto Engelbrecht, Adriaan TI Implications of potential biome boundary shifts for small mammal assemblages in the arid zone of South Africa SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY AB Desertification deteriorates the landscape functionality of rangelands, affecting the resilience of biome boundaries and this has a cascading effect on vegetation and animal communities. This study aimed to assess landscape functionality along the biome boundary of two arid biomes and its relationship to small mammal assemblages. The study further aimed to provide a landscape perspective of the current desertification process and projected expansion of the Desert biome in South Africa. Three Desert biome, ecotone and Succulent Karoo biome sites were selected to assess landscape functionality and small mammal assemblages over a one-year period. The difference in landscape functionality between the three areas was assessed to determine the resilience of the biome boundary to desertification. Our results showed that the vegetation of the ecotone had higher desert-like affinities while the soils seemed resilient and remained closely related to the Succulent Karoo biome. High livestock grazing pressure, as evident in the pastoral rangeland, may further deteriorate vegetation parameters and expose the soil to erosion, thereby advancing desertification. During both winter and summer, small mammal surveys using live Sherman traps were conducted and over the total 3204 trapping nights, 119 small mammal captures were recorded from three species. Desmodillus auricularis, Elephantulus rupestris and Gerbillurus paeba all had significantly higher densities in the Succulent Karoo biome. Our study supports the view that G. paeba would be the only species able to thrive in the less diverse Desert biome. This might have implications for the ecosystem services provided by the other two small mammal species in the landscape. As the trajectory for projected desertification appears to be on track, concerted efforts in improving rangeland management are required to maintain landscape functionality and stabilise small mammal assemblages. SN 1442-9985 EI 1442-9993 DI 10.1111/aec.12909 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000536782900001 ER PT J AU Sun, ZY Dababneh, F Li, L AF Sun, Zeyi Dababneh, Fadwa Li, Lin TI Joint Energy, Maintenance, and Throughput Modeling for Sustainable Manufacturing Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS AB With increasing concerns on climate change and energy shortage, manufacturing industries must adopt more sustainable production and facility control strategies. Such strategies require operational practices that emphasize sustainability by considering economic, energy, and environmental aspects simultaneously. In this paper, a new combined production scheduling model that jointly considers energy control and maintenance implementation to address the concerns of energy consumption, intelligent maintenance, and throughput improvement simultaneously is proposed. Multiple measures are combined and evaluated using a single objective, i.e., cost minimization. Particle swarm optimization, with a local optimal avoidable mechanism and a time varying inertial weight, is used to solve the cost minimization problem to find a near optimal solution of production and maintenance schedules. A numerical case study is implemented and the results show that the cost per unit production can be reduced up to 27% compared to the existing benchmark strategies. The implications to practitioners with respect to the tradeoff between cost and throughput/energy consumption, and the model applicability considering energy tariff structure, are also discussed to provide more insights for using the proposed joint model in the real world. The proposed model advances the state-of-the-art on maintenance and energy scheduling, which is typically performed exclusively. It is expected to guide operational activities on shop floors toward sustainability. OI sun, zeyi/0000-0003-0704-2708 SN 2168-2216 EI 2168-2232 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2101 EP 2112 DI 10.1109/TSMC.2018.2799740 UT WOS:000536768200011 ER PT J AU Dkhil, MA Al-Shaebi, EM Abdel-Gaber, R Al-Quraishy, S AF Dkhil, Mohamed A. Al-Shaebi, Esam M. Abdel-Gaber, Rewaida Al-Quraishy, Saleh TI Brain response after treatment of Trypanosoma evansi-infected mice with Indigofera oblongifolia SO JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AB Trypanosomiasis is one of the most important diseases affecting economic development for humans and livestock. The current research aimed to assess the in vitro antitrypanosomal effect of methanol extracts of Indigofera oblongifolia leaf (IME) and to examine the brain response after IME treatment of infected mice. In the in vitro method, IME (1.25 mg/ml) was able to kill all parasites after 30 min of exposure. The percentage of the parasite inhibition reached 100% after 180 min of the IME application. Swiss albino mice were infected with 103 Trypanosoma evansi then were daily treated with 100 mg/Kg IME for four days. IME was able to significantly decrease the number of trypanosomes in mice blood. In addition, IME improved the histopathological changes in mice brain induced by the infection. Furthermore, following treatment with IME, the level of epinephrine and nitric oxide in the mice brain homogenate decreased significantly. Taken together, I. Oblongifolia has antitrypanosomal activity and might enhance the brain response to T. evansi. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Abdel-Gaber, Rewaida/0000-0001-9263-6871 SN 1018-3647 EI 2213-686X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 32 IS 4 BP 2311 EP 2315 DI 10.1016/j.jksus.2020.03.008 UT WOS:000537252000005 ER PT J AU Brown, MM Kwiecinski, JM Cruz, LM Shahbandi, A Todd, DA Cech, NB Horswill, AR AF Brown, Morgan M. Kwiecinski, Jakub M. Cruz, Luis Mejia Shahbandi, Ali Todd, Daniel A. Cech, Nadja B. Horswill, Alexander R. TI Novel Peptide from Commensal Staphylococcus simulans Blocks Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Quorum Sensing and Protects Host Skin from Damage SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY AB Recent studies highlight the abundance of commensal coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) on healthy skin. Evidence suggests that CoNS actively shape the skin immunological and microbial milieu to resist colonization or infection by opportunistic pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in a variety of mechanisms collectively termed colonization resistance. One potential colonization resistance mechanism is the application of quorum sensing, also called the accessory gene regulator (agr) system, which is ubiquitous among staphylococci. Common and rare CoNS make autoinducing peptides (AIPs) that function as MRSA agr inhibitors, protecting the host from invasive infection. In a screen of CoNS spent media, we found that Staphylococcus simulans, a rare human skin colonizer and frequent livestock colonizer, released potent inhibitors of all classes of MRSA agr signaling. We identified three S. simulans agr classes and have shown intraspecies cross talk between noncognate S. simulans agr types for the first time. The S. simulans AIP-I structure was confirmed, and the novel AIP-II and AIP-III structures were solved via mass spectrometry. Synthetic S. simulans AIPs inhibited MRSA agr signaling with nanomolar potency. S. simulans in competition with MRSA reduced dermonecrotic and epicutaneous skin injury in murine models. The addition of synthetic AIP-I also effectively reduced MRSA dermonecrosis and epicutaneous skin injury in murine models. These results demonstrate potent anti-MRSA quorum sensing inhibition by a rare human skin commensal and suggest that cross talk between CoNS and MRSA may be important in maintaining healthy skin homeostasis and preventing MRSA skin damage during colonization or acute infection. OI Brown, Morgan/0000-0001-5101-7038 SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 64 IS 6 AR e00172-20 DI 10.1128/AAC.00172-20 UT WOS:000535946300012 PM 32253213 ER PT J AU Pimenta, JLCW Barreto, RDT dos Santos, OAA Jorge, LMD AF Pimenta, Joao L. C. W. Barreto, Rafael D. T. dos Santos, Onelia A. A. Jorge, Luiz M. de Matos TI Effects of reaction parameters on the deoxygenation of soybean oil for the sustainable production of hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AB Hydrotreating of vegetable oils offers a green alternative to oil-derived fuels and raw hydrocarbon materials, usually obtained from oil. In contrast to sulfided catalysts, which contaminate the product with sulfur, carbide-based catalysts are able to produce clean hydrocarbons. A NiMo carbide-based catalyst, supported on nanometric gamma-alumina was prepared, characterized by X-ray crystallography, Nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The oxidation temperatures and acidity were also determined. Tests were performed in a batch-type reactor for the hydrotreatment of soybean oil at 360, 380, and 400 degrees C and 4.5 MPa. Liquid samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass spectra detector. The reaction rate was calculated showing that reactant concentration did not influence deoxygenation rates, nor did the catalyst revealed a significant change in the activity. The product composition was extensively characterized, proving that reaction temperature greatly influences the concentration of aromatic, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, as well as chain size distributions. SN 1944-7442 EI 1944-7450 DI 10.1002/ep.13450 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000536691700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Qin, XJ Guo, YP Zhang, QQ Ma, QG Ji, C Zhao, LH AF Zhang, Jing Qin, Xiaojuan Guo, Yongpeng Zhang, Qiongqiong Ma, Qiugang Ji, Cheng Zhao, Lihong TI Enzymatic degradation of deoxynivalenol by a novel bacterium, Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101 SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY AB Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium species that mainly infests cereals such as wheat and corn, threatens human and livestock health. The present study describes the characterization of a novel bacterial strain, Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101 which is capable of transforming DON to less-toxic product 3-keto-deoxynivalenol by the oxidation of the C3 hydroxyl group. Strain ANSP101 was isolated from a seawater sample from a depth of 55 m in Chinese Bohai sea. The strain was identified as Pelagibacterium halotolerans by morphology characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The DON degrading activity of strain ANSP101 was predominantly attributed to the bacterial cell lysate. Besides, the cell lysate was sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, heat, and proteinase K treatment, indicating that the intracellular proteins or enzymes are responsible for the DON degradation. The optimal temperature and pH for the maximal degradation of DON were 40 degrees C and pH 8.0 by the cell lysate. These results provide the potential use of P. halotolerans ANSP101 as a detoxification agent for DON decontamination in cereals and feed. SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 140 AR 111276 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111276 UT WOS:000535895100005 PM 32199966 ER PT J AU Tubritt, T Delaby, L Gilliland, T O'Donovan, M AF Tubritt, Tomas Delaby, Luc Gilliland, Trevor O'Donovan, Michael TI An investigation into the grazing efficiency of perennial ryegrass varieties SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE AB The objective of this study was to compare the grazing efficiency of 30 perennial ryegrass varieties, differing in ploidy and heading date. Plots were grazed by lactating dairy cows and managed under a rotational grazing system with 19 grazing events occurring over two years. Pre-grazing and post-grazing compressed sward heights were measured with a rising plate meter. A mixed model was used to predict the post-grazing sward height of each variety based on year, grazing event, block and pre-grazing sward height. Residual grazed height (RGH) was derived as the difference between the actual and predicted post-grazing sward height and was used as the measure of grazing efficiency. Negative RGH values indicated that the actual herbage removed was greater than that predicted and so indicated a superior grazing efficiency. Varieties differed in their level of grazing efficiency (p .001), with RGH values ranging from -0.38 to +0.34 cm. Tetraploid varieties exhibited significantly greater grazing efficiency performance than diploids (p .001), with average RGH values of -0.13 and +0.13 cm respectively. A significant difference in grazing efficiency was found among recommended perennial ryegrass varieties that are not being recorded by mechanically harvested simulated grazing protocols. A variety reappraisal that included grazing efficiency could identify varieties capable of improving on-farm livestock productivity from grass. SN 0142-5242 EI 1365-2494 DI 10.1111/gfs.12481 EA JUN 2020 UT WOS:000536732500001 ER PT J AU Canh, NP Thong, NT AF Nguyen Phuc Canh Nguyen Trung Thong TI Nexus between financialisation and natural resources rents: Empirical evidence in a global sample SO RESOURCES POLICY AB Sustainable production and consumption are important goals of sustainable development. This study examines the relationships between natural resources rents and financialisation in a global sample. Nine indices from the Financial Development Index database of the International Monetary Fund are examined in the links with total natural resources rents in a global sample of 86 economies over the period 2002-2017. We find robust results by applying several econometric techniques for panel data. First, a strong mutual Granger causality exists between two variables, especially from financialisation to natural resources rents. Second, overall financial development appears to increase the natural resources rents through the positive influence of financial market depth. Meanwhile, financial institutions help reduce the natural resources rents, especially financial access and financial efficiency. By contrast, the increase in natural resources rents has positive effects on financial market depth but negative effects on financial institutions, and overall induces financial development. Third, evidence exists with regard to the long-term cointegration between financialisation and natural resources rents. The influence of financialisation on natural resources rents and the influence of natural resources rents on financialisation are confirmed in the long-run. Fourth, the links between financialisation and natural resources rents are found to be dominant in low- and middle-income economies and weak in high-income economies. OI Phuc Canh, Nguyen/0000-0001-8467-5010 SN 0301-4207 EI 1873-7641 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 66 AR 101590 DI 10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101590 UT WOS:000535994500036 ER PT J AU Naylor, D Sharma, A Li, Z Monteith, G Sullivan, T Canovas, A Mallard, BA Baes, C Karrow, NA AF Naylor, D. Sharma, A. Li, Z. Monteith, G. Sullivan, T. Canovas, A. Mallard, B. A. Baes, C. Karrow, N. A. TI Short communication: Characterizing ovine serum stress biomarkers during endotoxemia SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB Breeding stress-resilient livestock is a potential strategy to help mitigate the negative effect of environmental and pathogenic stressors. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system are activated during stress events and release mediators into the circulation that help restore physiological homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to assess a comprehensive set of circulatory mediators released in response to an acute immune stress challenge to identify candidate biomarkers that can be used for the selection of stress-resilient animals. Fifteen female lambs were stress challenged with an intravenous bolus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 400 ng/kg), and blood was collected from the jugular vein at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after LPS challenge to identify and monitor candidate stress biomarkers; temperature was also recorded over time. Biomarker responses were evaluated with a repeated-measures model to compare time points with baseline values. As expected, all sheep had a monophasic febrile response to LPS challenge, and cortisol increased and returned to baseline by 6 h. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma (proinflammatory), and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) increased, but only tumor necrosis factor-a returned to baseline during the monitoring period. The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-17 alpha (proinflammatory), and IL-4 (anti-inflammatory) did not respond to LPS challenge. All chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10, and IL-8) responded to LPS challenge; however, only CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL10 increased over time, and only CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL10 returned to baseline during the monitoring period. MicroRNA (miR-145, miR-233, and miR-1246) also increased and remained elevated during the study. In summary, the LPS challenge induced a strong stress response in Rideau-Dorset sheep that could be monitored with a distinct profile of circulatory biomarkers. OI Baes, Christine/0000-0001-6614-8890 SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 103 IS 6 BP 5501 EP 5508 DI 10.3168/jds.2019-17718 UT WOS:000535919900019 PM 32307170 ER PT J AU Nosek, S Klukova, Z Jakubcova, M Yi, QY Janke, D Demeyer, P Janour, Z AF Nosek, Stepan Klukova, Zuzana Jakubcova, Michala Yi, Qianying Janke, David Demeyer, Peter Janour, Zbynek TI The impact of atmospheric boundary layer, opening configuration and presence of animals on the ventilation of a cattle barn SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS AB Naturally ventilated livestock buildings (NVLB) represent one of the most significant sources of ammonia emissions. However, even the dispersion of passive gas in an NVLB is still not well understood. In this paper, we present a detailed investigation of passive pollutant dispersion in a model of a cattle barn using the wind tunnel experiment method. We simulated the pollution of the barn by a ground-level planar source. We used the time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) and the fast flame ionisation detector (FFID) to study the flow and dispersion processes at high spatial and temporal resolution. We employed the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Oscillating Patterns Decomposition (OPD) methods to detect the coherent structures of the flow. The results show that the type of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and sidewall opening height have a significant impact on the pollutant dispersion in the barn, while the presence of animals and doors openings are insignificant under conditions of winds perpendicular to the sidewall openings. We found that the dynamic coherent structures, developed by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, contribute to the pollutant transport in the barn. We demonstrate that in any of the studied cases the pollutant was not well mixed within the barn and that a significant underestimation (up to by a factor 3) of the barn ventilation might be obtained using, e.g. tracer gas method. OI Yi, Qianying/0000-0002-3334-3179 SN 0167-6105 EI 1872-8197 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 201 AR 104185 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104185 UT WOS:000535697200008 ER PT J AU Scasta, JD Jorns, T Derner, JD Stam, B McClaren, M Calkins, C Stewart, W AF Scasta, J. D. Jorns, T. Derner, Justin D. Stam, B. McClaren, M. Calkins, Craig Stewart, W. TI Technical note: Toxic plants in sheep diets grazing extensive landscapes: Insights from Fecal DNA metabarcoding SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB Toxic plants can negatively affect livestock production due to acute or chronic toxicosis. Detecting toxic plants in free-ranging animal diets has been a persistent challenge as toxicosis may only be noted with acute toxicity and subsequent mortality - but not necessarily when signs are sub-clinical. New fecal DNA (fDNA) metabarcoding technology can quantify diet composition of free-ranging livestock without the need for gathering/handling animals or the use of invasive procedures to determine hepatotoxicity and could inform more proactive toxic plant management. We quantified sheep diet composition in extensive rangeland environments with the specific aim of estimating toxic plant consumption using fDNA technology. Diets for 2 Rambouillet flocks in western Wyoming, USA [HSC flock: 1,800 ewes (+ lambs), 3,328 ha allotment, 1,829-2,438 m elevation; SBT flock: 1,010 ewes (+ lambs), a 4,262 ha allotment, 2,438-3,048 m elevation] were quantified with fDNA in the 2017 summer months. A total of 93 plant species were identified. HSC diets were dominated by grasses (51%) and forbs (31%) but SBT diets were dominated by forbs (42%) with minor contributions from shrubs (14%) and grasses (13%). Three potentially toxic species were identified: Short's milkvetch (Astragalus shortianus), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), and larkspur (Delphinium species). In addition and problematically, one Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) could be attributed to either 3 different selenium accumulating plant species in the Asteraceae family or the toxic plant deathcamas (Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus) in the Liliaceae family, was also detected. Six genera of lichens were also identified in diets. Challenges with fDNA technology include (1) an OTU might be shared by several plant species, and (2) reconciling fDNA laboratory data with georeferenced plant data is necessary to ensure correct interpretations. Finally, fDNA could be used for adaptive grazing management to enhance livestock nutrition and as a proactive tool to increase awareness of potential toxicosis problems before clinical signs or mortalities occur. SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 236 AR UNSP 104002 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104002 UT WOS:000535733000005 ER PT J AU Schiavo, G Bovo, S Tinarelli, S Gallo, M Dall'Olio, S Fontanesi, L AF Schiavo, Giuseppina Bovo, Samuele Tinarelli, Silvia Gallo, Maurizio Dall'Olio, Stefania Fontanesi, Luca TI Genome-wide association analyses for coat colour patterns in the autochthonous Nero Siciliano pig breed SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB Nero Siciliano (or Sicilian Black) is an Italian autochthonous pig breed reared in the Sicily island, mainly under extensive management systems. Nero Siciliano pigs are black (with black skin and black hair), but animals with white face or partially white face ("suino facciolo") can be registered to the breed herd book. Sometimes, other white patterns on extreme portions of legs could appear in this population. This study took advantage from the rare occurrence of pigs with white patterns in the Nero Siciliano population to carry out a genome-wide association study and comparative genome-wide Fixation index (F-ST) analysis to identify genomic regions that could affect coat colour variability (solid black vs white patterns over black) in this autochthonous pig breed. Analyses have been conducted on 66 Nero Siciliano pigs: 30 completely black and 36 black with white patterns. All samples have been genotyped for the KIT gene duplication and MC1R mutations, two genes well known to affect coat colours in pigs. Only pigs that did not carry any duplication of the KIT gene and were homozygous for the E-D2 black dominant MC1R gene allele (n = 26 completely black and n. 22 with white patterns) were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. The genome-wide analyzes identified on chromosome 2 a significant marker (rs81329493) associated with the coat colour white patterns in this breed. The homologous chromosome region in felids contains the gene responsible for the blotched tabby and striped coat colour patterns. Further studies, including a larger number of pigs, are needed to confirm this result and identify the causative mutation (s) affecting this coat colour diversity, which might be used to design a conservation programme in this breed aiming to maintain phenotypic homogeneity (i.e. solid black) that is typically associated with Nero Siciliano pigs. This study demonstrated how genetic diversity segregating in an autochthonous genetic resource can be explored to understand the genetic mechanisms affecting phenotypic traits in a livestock species. OI Bovo, Samuele/0000-0002-5712-8211 SN 1871-1413 EI 1878-0490 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 236 AR UNSP 104015 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104015 UT WOS:000535733000014 ER PT J AU South, KA Hand, FP Jones, ML AF South, Kaylee A. Hand, Francesca Peduto Jones, Michelle L. TI Beneficial Bacteria Identified for the Control of Botrytis cinerea in Petunia Greenhouse Production SO PLANT DISEASE AB Botrytis cinerea infects most major greenhouse crops worldwide. With its increasing resistance to conventional fungicides and the movement of the greenhouse industry toward more sustainable production practices, alternative methods of control are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate a collection of 60 bacterial strains through both a dual-culture assay and greenhouse trials to identify strains with biocontrol activity against B. cinerea. For the dual-culture assay, each bacterial strain was streaked on potato dextrose agar medium with B. cinerea. The B. cinerea growth reduction and the zone of inhibition were measured. Thirty-five strains reduced the growth of B. cinerea. All strains were also tested in an initial greenhouse trial in which Petunia x hybrida 'Carpet Red Bright' was sprayed and drenched with the bacteria biweekly for 6 weeks. All open flowers were tagged, and plants were inoculated with B. cinerea (1 x 10(4) conidia per 1 ml). Disease severity indices calculated from the daily flower gray mold severity ratings of all tagged flowers were used to identify the seven topperforming strains. These seven strains were then evaluated in a greenhouse validation trial. The methods were similar to those of the initial greenhouse trials except that replicate numbers were increased. Three strains (Pseudomonas protegens AP54, Pseudomonas chlororaphis 14B11, and Pseudomonas fluorescens 89F1) were selected for the ability to reduce B. cinerea infection in a greenhouse production setting. These strains can be used in future studies to develop additional biocontrol products for the management of B. cinerea in floriculture crops. OI Peduto Hand, Francesca/0000-0002-5553-0370 SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1801 EP 1810 DI 10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2276-RE UT WOS:000535836200030 PM 32289248 ER PT J AU Munro, ND Stiner, MC AF Munro, Natalie D. Stiner, Mary C. TI A zooarchaeological history of the Neolithic occupations at Franchthi Cave and paralia in southern Greece SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY AB The Neolithic settlement at Franchthi Cave was founded ca. 8650-8450 cal BP. It was one of the first Neolithic settlements in mainland Greece and was occupied over many phases within the regional Neolithic sequence. This zooarchaeological study examines the history of the Neolithic occupations of the site and the community's relationship to the land and the sea. Zooarchaeological evidence shows that newcomers brought livestock and domestic plants into the area, and these formed the core of the economy throughout its long history. The caprines were intensively managed for meat throughout the cultural sequence, though secondary products such as milk and wool gained some importance toward the end. Caprine herds were sheltered in the cave, and dogs likely served as guardian animals. The settlement expanded and contracted over time and experienced variable connectivity with other Neolithic communities and regional trade networks. Given the small number of settlements in southern Greece and the rugged land separating them from one another, marine trade may have been critical for replenishing genetic variation in livestock at Franchthi. SN 0278-4165 EI 1090-2686 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 58 AR 101162 DI 10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101162 UT WOS:000535128900007 ER PT J AU De Sadeleer, N Godfroid, J AF De Sadeleer, Nicolas Godfroid, Jacques TI The Story behind COVID-19: Animal Diseases at the Crossroads of Wildlife, Livestock and Human Health SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RISK REGULATION AB A number of virological, epidemiological and ethnographic arguments suggest that COVID-19 has a zoonotic origin. The pangolin, a species threatened with extinction due to poaching for both culinary purposes and traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia, is now suspected of being the "missing link" in the transmission to humans of a virus that probably originated in a species of bat. Our predation of wild fauna and the reduction in their habitats have thus ended up creating new interfaces that favour the transmission of pathogens (mainly viruses) to humans. Domesticated animals and wild fauna thus constitute a reservoir for almost 80% of emerging human diseases (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola). These diseases are all zoonotic in origin. As if out of a Chinese fairy tale, the bat and the pangolin have taught us a lesson: within an increasingly interdependent world, environmental crises will become ever more intertwined with health crises. Questions relating to public health will no longer be confined to the secrecy of the physician's consulting room or the sanitised environment of the hospital. They are now being played out in the arena of international trade, ports and airports and distribution networks. Simply put, all human activity creates new interfaces that facilitate the transmission of pathogens from an animal reservoir to humans. This pluri-disciplinary article highlights that environmental changes, such as the reduction in habitats for wild fauna and the intemperate trade in fauna, are the biggest causes of the emergence of new diseases. Against this background, it reviews the different measures taken to control, eradicate and prevent the emergence of animal diseases in a globalised world. SN 1867-299X EI 2190-8249 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 11 IS 2 SI SI BP 210 EP 227 DI 10.1017/err.2020.45 UT WOS:000535933100004 ER PT J AU Leroy, G Gicquel, E Boettcher, P Besbes, B Furre, S Fernandez, J Danchin-Burge, C Alnahhas, N Baumung, R AF Leroy, Gregoire Gicquel, Elise Boettcher, Paul Besbes, Badi Furre, Siri Fernandez, Jesus Danchin-Burge, Coralie Alnahhas, Nabeel Baumung, Roswitha TI Coancestry rate's estimate of effective population size for genetic variability monitoring SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES AB Different methods and formulae have been suggested to estimate effective population size based on pedigree data. These methods vary in their sensitivity to various sources of bias related to heterogenous pedigree knowledge or pedigree structure. We propose here to adapt a pre-existing method estimating coancestry rate for the specific purpose of monitoring genetic variability within livestock and captive populations. Coancestry rate is computed by averaging coancestries between pairs of individuals corrected by their equivalent numbers of generations, while restricting pedigree information to a maximum number of generations. Simulation demonstrated that restricting the number of generations allows a much clearer observation of the impact of recent events on genetic variability. Restricting the number of generations for the calculation of coancestry also has less bias related to incomplete pedigree, although it may overestimate effective population size due to non-independence in family sizes across generations. This strategy was tested on the Norwegian Nordland Lyngen horse, the Colblood Trotter horse, the French Avranchin sheep, and Bresse chicken, illustrating the applications of the approach for the monitoring of genetic variability. SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 12 IS 2 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s12686-019-01092-0 UT WOS:000534800800021 ER PT J AU Chiang, CT Shie, LS AF Chiang, Cheng-Ta Shie, Lu-Shen TI A Glucose Concentration Detector With Wide-Range Converter Used on Livestock SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL AB In this study, a glucose concentration detector was used to detect the glucose concentration in the drinking solution of livestock for the first time. The detector comprised a glucose sensor and a proposed wide-range glucose concentration converter. The proposed wide-range glucose concentration converter can linearly convert the concentration of glucose into a duty cycle. To allow them to be used in various glucose sensors, scaling circuits were added to the glucose concentration detector to enable adaptation to the currents generated by glucose sensors. All functions of the glucose sensor and proposed wide-range glucose concentration converter were proved by conducting measurements. The measured input current range of the proposed converter was 30 nA to 3 mA. This ensured that a wide dynamic range of input currents of 100 dB was guaranteed. A glucose concentration in the range of 5%-30% could be detected, and the corresponding duty cycle of the proposed detector was in the range of 4.67%-89.5%. The maximum linear error was -0.75%. The sensitivity of the proposed detector was 3.39%/%, and the chip size was 1.13 $\times$ 1.13 mm(2). Finally, an experiment to detect the glucose concentration in the drinking solution of livestock was conducted. The results revealed that the proposed converter was suitable for glucose concentration detection. SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 20 IS 11 BP 6114 EP 6120 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2973796 UT WOS:000534280800053 ER PT J AU Almeida, JGR Dall-Orsoletta, AC Oziemblowski, MM Michelon, GM Bayer, C Edouard, N Ribeiro, HMN AF Almeida, J. G. R. Dall-Orsoletta, A. C. Oziemblowski, M. M. Michelon, G. M. Bayer, C. Edouard, N. Ribeiro-Filho, H. M. N. TI Carbohydrate-rich supplements can improve nitrogen use efficiency and mitigate nitrogenous gas emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing temperate grass SO ANIMAL AB Temperate pasture species constitute a source of protein for dairy cattle. On the other hand, from an environmental perspective, their high N content can increase N excretion and nitrogenous gas emissions by livestock. This work explores the effect of energy supplementation on N use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogenous gas emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing a pasture of oat and ryegrass. The study was divided into two experiments: an evaluation of NUE in grazing dairy cows, and an evaluation of N-NH3 and N-N2O volatilizations from dairy cow excreta. In the first experiment, 12 lactating Holstein x Jersey F1 cows were allocated to a double 3 x 3 Latin square (three experimental periods of 17 days each) and subjected to three treatments: cows without supplementation (WS), cows supplemented at 4.2 kg DM of corn silage (CS) per day, and cows supplemented at 3.6 kg DM of ground corn (GC) per day. In the second experiment, samples of excreta were collected from the cows distributed among the treatments. Aliquots of dung and urine of each treatment plus one blank (control - no excreta) were allotted to a randomized block design to evaluate N-NH3 and N-N2O volatilization. Measurements were performed until day 25 for N-NH3 and until day 94 for N-N2O. Dietary N content in the supplemented cows was reduced by 20% (P < 0.001) compared with WS cows, regardless of the supplement. Corn silage cows had lower N intake (P < 0.001) than WS and GC cows (366 v. 426 g/day, respectively). Ground corn supplementation allowed cows to partition more N towards milk protein compared with the average milk protein of WS cows or those supplemented with corn silage (117 v. 108 g/day, respectively; P < 0.01). Thus, even though they were in different forms, both supplements were able to increase (P < 0.01) NUE from 27% in WS cows to 32% in supplemented cows. Supplementation was also effective in reducing N excretion (761 v. 694 g/kg of N-intake; P < 0.001), N-NH3 emission (478 v. 374 g/kg of N-milk; P < 0.01) and N-N2O emission (11 v. 8 g/kg of N-milk; P < 0.001). Corn silage and ground corn can be strategically used as feed supplements to improve NUE, and they have the potential to mitigate N-NH3 and N-N2O emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing high-protein pastures. RI Ribeiro-Filho, Henrique/D-1178-2014 OI Ribeiro-Filho, Henrique/0000-0002-4455-6866 SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1184 EP 1195 AR PII S1751731119003057 DI 10.1017/S1751731119003057 UT WOS:000532924800009 PM 31907089 ER PT J AU Quenon, J Ingrand, S Magne, MA AF Quenon, J. Ingrand, S. Magne, M. -A. TI Managing the transition from purebred to rotational crossbred dairy cattle herds: three technical pathways from a retrospective case-study analysis SO ANIMAL AB The growing interest in rotational crossbreeding in Western countries is due to its potential to improve reproductive and health performances of cows. Although a large amount of research focuses on assessing crossbred cows' performances, how to manage the transition from purebred to rotational crossbred herds is under-explored. Based on a retrospective analysis of French dairy herd case studies, we aimed to identify and characterise technical pathways to make such a transition. In 2018, we performed semi-directive interviews on 26 commercial dairy farms. Data were collected to describe changes in breeding, replacement and culling management practices from the first crossbred mating with purebred cows to the management of a mainly crossbred herd in 2018. Based on a multivariate analysis, we identified two main guidelines structuring technical pathways to move towards rotational crossbred herds: (i) the depth and scale of change (i.e. farm v. herd) associated with the introduction of rotational crossbreeding in the whole-farm dynamics and (ii) the changes in herd replacement and breeding practices to adapt to the evolution of herd demographics induced by the evolution of the dairy crossbred mating rate over time (high from the beginning v. distributed over time). Hierarchical clustering discriminated three groups of farmers differing in their technical pathway to move towards a rotational crossbred herd. In pathway 1, farmers customised one or several rotational crossbreeding schemes to support whole-farm transition towards an organic or grass-based system. Once the scheme stabilised, they quickly implemented it and had to readjust replacement and culling practices to regulate imbalance in herd demographics induced by the improvement in cow fertility. In pathway 2, farmers also customised one or several rotational crossbreeding schemes to support whole-farm redesign but they implemented it more gradually in the herd, which induced no major imbalance in herd demographics. In pathway 3, farmers predefined a relatively well-known rotational crossbreeding scheme to correct fertility issues of purebred cows without any changes at the farm level. They implemented it quickly from the beginning and had to adapt herd replacement and culling to regulate imbalance in herd demographics induced by the improvement in cow fertility. These first empirical evidences on how dairy farmers manage the transition from a purebred to rotational crossbred herd provide original scientific and operational contributions. SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1293 EP 1303 AR PII S1751731119003458 DI 10.1017/S1751731119003458 UT WOS:000532924800021 PM 31959276 ER PT J AU Miller, GA Mitchell, M Barker, ZE Giebel, K Codling, EA Amory, JR Michie, C Davison, C Tachtatzis, C Andonovic, I Duthie, CA AF Miller, G. A. Mitchell, M. Barker, Z. E. Giebel, K. Codling, E. A. Amory, J. R. Michie, C. Davison, C. Tachtatzis, C. Andonovic, I Duthie, C-A TI Using animal-mounted sensor technology and machine learning to predict time-to-calving in beef and dairy cows SO ANIMAL AB Worldwide, there is a trend towards increased herd sizes, and the animal-to-stockman ratio is increasing within the beef and dairy sectors; thus, the time available to monitoring individual animals is reducing. The behaviour of cows is known to change in the hours prior to parturition, for example, less time ruminating and eating and increased activity level and tail-raise events. These behaviours can be monitored non-invasively using animal-mounted sensors. Thus, behavioural traits are ideal variables for the prediction of calving. This study explored the potential of two sensor technologies for their capabilities in predicting when calf expulsion should be expected. Two trials were conducted at separate locations: (i) beef cows (n = 144) and (ii) dairy cows (n = 110). Two sensors were deployed on each cow: (1) Afimilk Silent Herdsman (SHM) collars monitoring time spent ruminating (RUM), eating (EAT) and the relative activity level (ACT) of the cow, and (2) tail-mounted Axivity accelerometers to detect tail-raise events (TAIL). The exact time the calf was expelled from the cow was determined by viewing closed-circuit television camera footage. Machine learning random forest algorithms were developed to predict when calf expulsion should be expected using single-sensor variables and by integrating multiple-sensor data-streams. The performance of the models was tested using the Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC), the area under the curve, and the sensitivity and specificity of predictions. The TAIL model was slightly better at predicting calving within a 5-h window for beef cows (MCC = 0.31) than for dairy cows (MCC = 0.29). The TAIL + RUM + EAT models were equally as good at predicting calving within a 5-h window for beef and dairy cows (MCC = 0.32 for both models). Combining data-streams from SHM and tail sensors did not substantially improve model performance over tail sensors alone; therefore, hour-by-hour algorithms for the prediction of time of calf expulsion were developed using tail sensor data. Optimal classification occurred at 2 h prior to calving for both beef (MCC = 0.29) and dairy cows (MCC = 0.25). This study showed that tail sensors alone are adequate for the prediction of parturition and that the optimal time for prediction is 2 h before expulsion of the calf. RI ; Codling, Edward/F-1922-2011; Tachtatzis, Christos/A-6702-2017 OI Giebel, Katharina/0000-0001-6037-0618; Codling, Edward/0000-0001-5124-3334; Duthie, Carol-Anne/0000-0003-3020-9078; /0000-0001-7810-9987; Tachtatzis, Christos/0000-0001-9150-6805 SN 1751-7311 EI 1751-732X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1304 EP 1312 AR PII S1751731119003380 DI 10.1017/S1751731119003380 UT WOS:000532924800022 PM 31928536 ER PT J AU Liu, D He, DJ Norton, T AF Liu, Dong He, Dongjian Norton, Tomas TI Automatic estimation of dairy cattle body condition score from depth image using ensemble model SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING AB Body condition scoring (BCS) gives a relative measure of subcutaneous body fat available as energy reserves in the dairy cow. It is an important management tool for maximising milk production and reproduction efficiency while reducing the incidence of metabolic and peripartum diseases. The feasibility of estimating the BCS by computer vision has been demonstrated in recent research. However, the techniques explored to date may be limited in dynamic backgrounds or in applications for an imbalanced dataset of cows' BCS, which is likely to be encountered in dairy farming. In this study, a dynamic background model (Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM) was used to separate the cow from the background. Then, a series of image processing algorithms were proposed for quantifying the indicators used in manual scoring, including global features and local features. Finally, an ensemble learning approach was used to model the imbalanced dataset. The results demonstrate that applying GMM on depth images can eliminate the difficulty of object detection caused by background changes. The image processing algorithms can automatically acquire valid images, locate regions of interest and extract image features without any manual intervention. In 5-fold cross-validation, the ensemble model achieved an average accuracy of 56% within 0.125-point deviation, 76% within 0.25-point deviations and 94% within 0.5-point deviations. Especially, the proposed method has a better predictive performance for cows with extreme body condition than is possible with the current state of the art. (C) 2020 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI ; Norton, Tomas/Q-3803-2017 OI Liu, Dong/0000-0003-4838-2442; Norton, Tomas/0000-0002-0161-3189 SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 194 BP 16 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.011 UT WOS:000532810000002 ER PT J AU Nasirahmadi, A Gonzalez, J Sturm, B Hensel, O Knierim, U AF Nasirahmadi, Abozar Gonzalez, Jennifer Sturm, Barbara Hensel, Oliver Knierim, Ute TI Pecking activity detection in group-housed turkeys using acoustic data and a deep learning technique SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING AB Visual monitoring of behaviour on-farm is mostly challenging due to the number of animals to be observed and the time required. However, behavioural problems such as cannibalism in turkeys may be preceded by subtle changes in behaviour. Machine learning techniques allow automatic behavioural monitoring of livestock to be carried out under different farming conditions. The aim of this study was to develop and test a novel pecking activity detection tool for potential use on turkey farms by means of acoustic data and a convolutional neural networks (CNN) model. Under near to commercial conditions, two metallic balls were used as pecking objects and suspended from the ceiling. Each pecking object was equipped with a microphone connected via a cable to a top view camera positioned on the ceiling. The recorded sound data were sampled in slots of 1 s and high pass filtering was performed to eliminate background noises. A total of 9200 filtered sound files were used for training and validation, and 3900 for testing set. They were labelled manually as peck or non-peck, using 7360 (80%) for training and 1840 (20%) for validation files, and fed into the CNN model. An additional 3900 new filtered sound clips were used to test the detection phase of the trained model. The experimental results illustrate that the deep learning-based detection method achieved high overall accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score of 96.8, 89.6, 92.0 and 90.8% in the detection phase. This indicates that the proposed technique could be used as a precise method for the detection of pecking activity levels in turkeys. (C) 2020 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 194 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.015 UT WOS:000532810000004 ER PT J AU Islam, MA Ikeguchi, A Naide, T AF Islam, Md Aminul Ikeguchi, Atsuo Naide, Takanori TI "Influence of temperature and humidity on the dynamics of aerosol numbers and airborne bacteria in a dairy calf house SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING AB Aerosols are essential indicators of indoor air quality in livestock houses. An investigation was conducted in a dairy calf house into the relationships between the concentration of aerosol number and the concentrations of the airborne aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Salmonella spp. examining their dependence on air temperature and relative humidity (RH). The aerosol number concentration and the concentrations of airborne aerobic bacteria, S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella spp. in the indoor air were monitored over 19 weeks, in Tochigi, Japan. A significant positive relationship was found between the concentration of airborne aerobic bacteria with aerosol sizes 0.3-5.0 um and 0.5-1.0 mu m and Salmonella spp. No relationship was found among the different sizes of aerosol concentration with airborne S. aureus or E. coli concentrations. The most significant positive relationships with temperature and RH were found with the 0.3-5.0 mu m aerosol size range. Aerosol sizes 5.0-10.0 mu m showed no associations with either air temperature or RH. Both airborne aerobic bacteria and S. aureus were strongly positively related to temperature. These findings will play a crucial role in elucidating the role of aerosols in the transmission of different types of airborne bacteria, and ultimately this could play an essential part in mitigating the influence of aerosols in the transmission of airborne bacteria in dairy houses. (C) 2020 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 194 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.04.003 UT WOS:000532810000016 ER PT J AU Zheng, C Yang, XF Zhu, XM Chen, CX Wang, LN Tu, SQ Yang, A Xue, YJ AF Zheng, Chan Yang, Xiaofan Zhu, Xunmu Chen, Changxin Wang, Lina Tu, Shuqin Yang, Aqing Xue, Yueju TI Automatic posture change analysis of lactating sows by action localisation and tube optimisation from untrimmed depth videos SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING AB The automatic detection of postures and posture changes in sows using a computer-vision system has substantial potential for learning their maternal abilities, enhancing their welfare and productivity, and reducing the crushing risk to piglets. The objectives of this study are to (1) detect frame-level sow postures, (2) temporally localise posture change actions, and (3) generate spatio-temporally action tubes parsed from a long-time untrimmed segment of depth video. Depth videos were recorded for five batches of lactating sows, using a Kinect from a top-view in a commercial farm. Three batches were used for training and validation, and the other two for testing. Four postures (standing, sitting, ventral lying, and lateral lying) were automatically detected, with a mean average-precision (mAP) of 0.927. The localisation performance of the clip-level mAP involved eight posture change actions, and achieved 0.774 in the temporal intersection over union (tIoU) >= 0.5. A tube optimisation algorithm was used to optimise and smooth the action tubes. When the mean IoU >= 0.8 in the tube, the performance of the video-level mAP significantly improved, from 0.313 to 0.796. The error analysis could deepen the understanding of the causes of errors in action detection. The system was applied to test two day videos of various sows, by obtaining the regularity of posture change probability, comparing the action characteristics, and discerning the maternal differences of the sows. The methodology can be applied in large-scale deployments for learning livestock action preferences and behavioural traits, thereby enhancing welfare and productivity on a farm. (C) 2020 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 194 BP 227 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.04.005 UT WOS:000532810000017 ER PT J AU Li, R Qiao, SL Chen, XX Xing, GX Li, XW Zhang, GP AF Li, Rui Qiao, Songlin Chen, Xin-xin Xing, Guangxu Li, Xuewu Zhang, Gaiping TI Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein suppresses nuclear factor kappa-B- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated pro-inflammatory responses dependent on sialic acids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES AB Vesicular stomatitis (VS), characterized by vesicular lesions, produces significant economic losses in livestock industry. Infection by its causative agent, VS virus (VSV), has been previously shown to be mediated by the glyco-protein (G) during attachment, endocytosis and membrane fusion. In the current study, we revealed a novel role of VSV G protein in negative regulation of host cell pro-inflammatory responses. We determined that VSV G protein inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory responses as naive VSV virions in murine peritoneal macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Furthermore, we identified that VSV G protein suppressed nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated pro-inflammatory path-ways in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrated that alpha 2-3-linked sialic acids on VSV G protein were involved in antagonizing NF-kappa B- and MAPK-mediated pro-inflammatory responses. All these results expand the knowledge of VSV pathogenesis and strengthen the importance of VSV G protein in host innate immunity, which support implications for the development of VSV-based vaccination and oncolysis. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0141-8130 EI 1879-0003 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 152 BP 828 EP 833 DI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.322 UT WOS:000530068000081 PM 32126199 ER PT J AU Chelotti, JO Vanrell, SR Rau, LSM Galli, JR Planisich, AM Utsumi, SA Milone, DH Giovanini, LL Rufiner, HL AF Chelotti, Jose O. Vanrell, Sebastian R. Martinez Rau, Luciano S. Galli, Julio R. Planisich, Alejandro M. Utsumi, Santiago A. Milone, Diego H. Giovanini, Leonardo L. Rufiner, H. Leonardo TI An online method for estimating grazing and rumination bouts using acoustic signals in grazing cattle SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB The growth of the world population expected for the next decade will increase the demand for products derived from cattle (i.e., milk and meat). In this sense, precision livestock farming proposes to optimize livestock production using information and communication technologies for monitoring animals. Although there are several methodologies for monitoring foraging behavior, the acoustic method has shown to be successful in previous studies. However, there is no online acoustic method for the recognition of rumination and grazing bouts that can be implemented in a low-cost device. In this study, an online algorithm called bottom-up foraging activity recognizer (BUFAR) is proposed. The method is based on the recognition of jaw movements from sound, which are then analyzed by groups to recognize rumination and grazing bouts. Two variants of the activity recognizer were explored, which were based on a multilayer perceptron (BUFAR-MLP) and a decision tree (BUFAR-DT). These variants were evaluated and compared under the same conditions with a known method for offline analysis. Compared to the former method, the proposed method showed superior results in the estimation of grazing and rumination bouts. The MLP-variant showed the best results, reaching Fl-scores higher than 0.75 for both activities. In addition, the MLP-variant outperformed a commercial rumination time estimation system. A great advantage of BUFAR is the low computational cost, which is about 50 times lower than that corresponding to the former method. The good performance and low computational cost makes BUFAR a highly feasible method for real-time execution in a low-cost embedded monitoring system. The advantages provided by this system will allow the development of a portable device for online monitoring of the foraging behavior of ruminants. SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 173 AR 105443 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105443 UT WOS:000531080400056 ER PT J AU Nobrega, L Goncalves, P Antunes, M Corujo, D AF Nobrega, Luis Goncalves, Pedro Antunes, Mario Corujo, Daniel TI Assessing sheep behavior through low-power microcontrollers in smart agriculture scenarios SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB Automatic animal monitoring can bring several advantages to the livestock sector. The emergence of low-cost and low-power miniaturized sensors, together with the ability of handling huge amounts of data, has led to a boost of new intelligent farming solutions. One example is the SheepIT solution that is being commercialized by iFarmtec. The main objectives of the solution are monitoring the sheep's posture while grazing in vineyards, and conditioning their behaviour using appropriate stimuli, such that they only feed from the ground or from the lower branches of the vines. The quality of the monitoring procedure has a linear correlation with the animal condition capability of the solution, i.e., on the effectiveness of the applied stimuli. Thus, a Real-Time mechanism capable of identifying animal behaviour such as infraction, eating, walking or running movements and standing position is required. On a previous work we proposed a solution based on low-power microcontrollers enclosed in collars wearable by sheep. Machine Learning techniques have been rising as a useful tool for dealing with big amounts of data. From the wide range of techniques available, the use of Decision Trees is particularly relevant since it allows the retrieval of a set of conditions easily transformed in lightweight machine code. The goal of this paper is to evaluate an enhanced animal monitoring mechanism and compare it to existing ones. In order to achieve this goal, a real deployment scenario was availed to gather relevant data from sheep's collar. After this step, we evaluated the impact of several feature transformations and pre-processing techniques on the model learned from the system. Due to the natural behaviour of sheep, which spend most of the time grazing, several pre-processing techniques were tested to deal with the unbalanced dataset, particularly resorting on features related with stateful history. Albeit presenting promising results, with accuracy over 96%, these features resulted in unfeasible implementations. Hence, the best feasible model was achieved with 10 features obtained from the sensors' measurements plus an additional temporal feature. The global accuracy attained was above 91%. Howbeit, further research shall assess a way of dealing with this kind of unbalanced datasets and take advantage of the insights given by the results achieved when using the state's history. RI Antunes, Mario/M-3437-2017 OI Antunes, Mario/0000-0002-6504-9441 SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 173 AR 105444 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105444 UT WOS:000531080400057 ER PT J AU Smith, D McNally, J Little, B Ingham, A Schmoelzl, S AF Smith, Daniel McNally, Jody Little, Bryce Ingham, Aaron Schmoelzl, Sabine TI Automatic detection of parturition in pregnant ewes using a three-axis accelerometer SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE AB An on-animal sensor based research tool is currently being developed to support research studies of dystocia in lambing ewes. Given dystocia is associated with a prolonged period of parturition, the tool is being developed with the intention to automatically estimate the duration of parturition using motion data from a 3-axis accelerometer fitted to the ewe. In this study, novel algorithms were proposed to detect the start of parturition for pregnant ewes, post-partum. This is the first step towards the ultimate goal of estimating the parturition duration. The algorithm operated on the basis that the start of parturition could be identified by a significant change in a pregnant ewe's behaviour. Changes in an individual ewe's activity levels were measured across time by computing the distance between an activity distribution and distribution of baseline activity, using either the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) or the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). The start of parturition was estimated from time periods with the most significant differences to baseline activity. The performance of six different detection algorithms were investigated for 76 pregnant ewes that were fitted with our proposed collar system for up to 17 days and whose births were recorded during the field trials. The study showed the best performing algorithm variant had a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 5.33 h between the estimated and human observed start of parturition. The MAE was of a similar duration to the parturition process itself, which suggests the current approach was not capable of estimating the start of parturition for a majority of the ewes in the trial. Whilst it was evident that a majority of ewes exhibited salient changes in activity during parturition, activity needed to be modelled over sufficiently long periods (2 <= time period <= 56 h) to capture the association. The detection algorithms were shown to be capable of estimating the birth date of lambs with 84% of the ewe's parturition estimates falling within 12 h of the actual birth time. SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 173 AR 105392 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105392 UT WOS:000531080400019 ER PT J AU Kelly, JE Quinn, JC Nielsen, SG Weston, P Broster, JC Weston, LA AF Kelly, Jane E. Quinn, Jane C. Nielsen, Sharon G. Weston, Paul Broster, John C. Weston, Leslie A. TI Causative factors influencing epizoochorous dispersal of weed seeds by sheep and associated carcass contamination in southern Australia SO WEED RESEARCH AB Hordeum spp. (barley grass) and Bromus spp. (brome grass) are annual weed species that achieve long-distance seed dispersal via attachment to sheep, but also lead to sheep carcass damage due to the penetration of seeds into animal tissues. Range expansion of invasive weed populations predicted as a consequence of climate change may be associated with an increase in seed contamination incidence globally. An examination of Australian abattoir data (2006-2012), along with recent weed distribution patterns, indicates carcass contamination was associated with rainfall and abundance of key annual grass weeds, primarily Bromus spp. and Hordeum spp., although other factors may play a contributing role. Significant differences in seed contamination in slaughtered sheep were noted between states and regions, with widespread contamination occurring throughout all agro-ecological zones. Abattoir, sheep age and sex significantly influenced incidence, with contamination highest in adult males. Incidence increased with mean monthly rainfall, but declined with mean elevation, and significant interactions were noted between mean monthly temperature and state, and between mean elevation and year. Results show the need for vigilant recording of seed injuries in sheep to enhance weed surveillance efforts and effective integrated weed management of contributing annual grass weeds. RI Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015; Weston, Paul/H-6638-2014 OI Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982; Kelly, Jane/0000-0002-2919-9100; Weston, Paul/0000-0002-9720-8283; Quinn, Jane/0000-0002-9310-0291; Broster, John/0000-0001-5639-9581 SN 0043-1737 EI 1365-3180 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 60 IS 3 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1111/wre.12415 UT WOS:000531175200006 ER PT J AU Stonecipher, CA Cook, D Welch, KD Gardner, DR Pfister, JA AF Stonecipher, Clinton A. Cook, Daniel Welch, Kevin D. Gardner, Dale R. Pfister, James A. TI Seasonal variation in toxic steroidal alkaloids of foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY AB Death camas (Zigadenus spp.) is a common poisonous plant in North America with plants occurring in a wide variety of habitats with species of toxic concern occurring primarily in meadows, grasslands, shrublands, and mountains. The toxicity of Zigadenus species has been attributed to a series of steroidal alkaloids. The objective of this study was to evaluate zygacine and total steroidal alkaloid concentrations in different plant tissues of Zigadenus paniculatus as a function of plant maturity. Death camas plants were collected at two locations at different developmental growth stages representing vegetative, flower, seed pod, and shattered seed pod stages. Zygacine represented greater than 50% of the total steroidal alkaloids at all developmental stages. In bulbs, total steroidal alkaloid and zygacine concentrations did not change significantly as a function of plant phenology, and concentrations were lower than what were observed in above ground plant parts. Total steroidal alkaloid and zygacine concentrations in above ground parts were highest at early vegetative growth stages and decreased over the growing season. In plant reproductive parts, total steroidal alkaloid and zygacine concentrations increased until maturity and then decreased as the plant senesced. The concentrations of steroidal alkaloids reported here suggest that the toxic risk associated with death camas is greatest in the early vegetative growth stages followed by the flower and pod stages. There is a toxic risk to livestock as long as the plant is present, and caution should be taken when grazing livestock in areas with death camas until the plant senesces. SN 0305-1978 EI 1873-2925 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 90 AR UNSP 104044 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104044 UT WOS:000530022400023 ER PT J AU Zou, LL Liu, YS Wang, YS Hu, XD AF Zou, Lilin Liu, Yansui Wang, Yongsheng Hu, Xuedong TI Assessment and analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution loads in China: 1978-2017 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB China's successful agriculture development has resulted in public concerned environmental problems. However, continuous and detailed data about Chinese agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) loads are lacking. To assess and analyze Chinese ANPSP loads from 1978 to 2017, an inventory analysis was performed, and a socioeconomic and spatiotemporal analysis in the scale of provinces was conducted. The results showed that the pollution loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 91.0%, 196.2% and 244.1%, respectively, and their variation underwent a free development stage, reform promotion stage, market regulation stage and policy incentive stage. The results of the pollution source analysis showed that over the past 40 years, the total percent contribution to COD by livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) and rural household waste (RHW) accounted for 83.1%-96.6%, the total percent contribution to TN by mineral fertilizers (MF) and LPB accounted for 72.3%-80.8%, and the total percent contribution to TP by LPB, RHW and MF accounted for 69.1%-88.6%. In addition, Shandong, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Henan were the top producers of ANPSP loads, and their COD, TN, and TP loads accounted for approximately 32%, 30%, and 35% of the national totals, respectively. The discharge intensity of COD, TN and TP decreased by 79.2%, 67.8%, and 62.6%, respectively. The discharge intensity exhibited a phasic feature that aligned with the national economic plan in the temporal scale and was closely related to the agricultural conditions in the spatial scale. SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 263 AR 110400 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110400 UT WOS:000530232700033 PM 32174536 ER PT J AU Ngobese, B Zishiri, OT El Zowalaty, ME AF Ngobese, Bongekile Zishiri, Oliver Tendayi El Zowalaty, Mohamed Ezzat TI Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE AB Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulence associated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle (n=50), chickens (n=50), goats (n=50), sheep (n=50) and pigs (n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant (P<0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health. SN 2095-3119 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1656 EP 1670 DI 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62844-3 UT WOS:000530888900025 ER PT J AU Zambrano-Mila, M Rodriguez, AS Rivera-Olivero, IA Salas-Rueda, M Caceres-Orellana, MV de Waard, JH Garcia-Bereguiain, MA AF Zambrano-Mila, Marlon Rodriguez, Angel S. Rivera-Olivero, Ismar A. Salas-Rueda, Mauricio Vinicio Caceres-Orellana, Marco de Waard, Jacobus H. Angel Garcia-Bereguiain, Miguel TI Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among guinea pigs raised as livestock in Ecuador SO ONE HEALTH AB Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in human and veterinary medicine. Here we show that 6.25% of the guinea pigs studied in Ecuador, raised as livestock, carry methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the nasopharynx and therefore may potentially play a role in the transmission of MRSA in the Andean Region of South America. OI de Waard, Jacobus H./0000-0003-4118-1015; Rivera-Olivero, Ismar A/0000-0001-8345-8217 EI 2352-7714 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 9 AR 100118 DI 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100118 UT WOS:000531636300016 PM 31853475 ER PT J AU Campos, E Cuellar, J Salvador, O Garcia-Trejo, EA Pereira, F AF Campos, Edwina Cuellar, Jorge Salvador, Omar Garcia-Trejo, Erick A. Pereira, Filipe TI The genetic diversity and phylogeography of Mexican domestic sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH AB Domestic sheep were introduced in Mexico by the Spanish settlers in the 16th century. Nowadays, Mexico hosts several sheep breeds, adapting and evolving in both farming and traditional livestock production systems and different climate conditions. Research on the diversity of ovine genetic resources is urgently needed to prevent and reverse genetic erosion. Despite the relevance of Mexican sheep, data is still limited regarding their genetic diversity and history. We analysed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region from different sheep breeds and municipalities of the State of Mexico, together with a large dataset of 542 sequences from America and the Iberian Peninsula. We identified a low genetic diversity in Mexican sheep, all belonging to haplogroup B. The phylogenetic analyses revealed low genetic distance among Cuba, Mexico, Portugal and Spain sheep populations, suggesting intense gene flow. Our results contribute for a better comprehension of the genetic diversity of domestic sheep in Mexico and Ibero-America. SN 0921-4488 EI 1879-0941 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 187 AR 106109 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106109 UT WOS:000531078900007 ER PT J AU Kaumbata, W Banda, L Meszaros, G Gondwe, T Woodward-Greene, MJ Rosen, BD Van Tassell, CP Solkner, J Wurzinger, M AF Kaumbata, Wilson Banda, Liveness Meszaros, Gabor Gondwe, Timothy Woodward-Greene, M. J. Rosen, Benjamin D. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Soelkner, Johann Wurzinger, Maria TI Tangible and intangible benefits of local goats rearing in smallholder farms in Malawi SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH AB A study was conducted to determine tangible and intangible benefits of local goats to smallholders in low input crop-livestock production system where community-based goat breeding program (goat CBBP) is being implemented. Data was collected through a 12-month flock and household (137 households) monitoring study between August 2017 to July 2018. Data collected was analyzed using enterprise budgeting and cost-return analysis. The results showed that local goat enterprises in smallholder farms are profitable and economically viable. The mean annual net profit per flock and per goat was MK54,406 and MK11, 140 ((sic)1 = MK830.00), respectively. The average return on capital invested was 24.6%, exceeding the prevailing average commercial deposit rate (8%) by several folds. Goats accounted for 61.2% of the total livestock household income representing the biggest contributor, while cattle, pigs and chickens contributed 17.6%, 15.5% and 4.1%, respectively. Sale of live goats constituted the major (79.2%) proportion of the total offtake rate, suggesting that goats are primarily kept for generation of cash revenues. Inclusion of intangible benefits of goats significantly increased the mean annual net profit and the return on capital by 60.3%, reflecting the importance of socio-economic roles goats play in providing current and future economic stability to rural households' economy. Hence, programs like goat CBBPs are meant to harness the potentials of local goats to optimize their contributions towards reduction of rural poverty and hunger. Therefore, financing and supporting scaling up of such programs is a meaningful direct investment into the development of rural economy. OI Woodward-Greene, M.J./0000-0003-3236-2711; Wurzinger, Maria/0000-0001-9391-014X SN 0921-4488 EI 1879-0941 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 187 AR 106095 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106095 UT WOS:000531078900006 ER PT J AU Qin, JX Wu, MC Zhou, SY AF Qin, Jiaxing Wu, Mengchun Zhou, Shanyue TI FgEaf6 regulates virulence, asexual/sexual development and conidial septation in Fusarium graminearum SO CURRENT GENETICS AB Fusarium graminearum is a destructive fungal pathogen and a major cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) which results in severe grain yield losses and quality reduction. Additionally, the pathogen produces mycotoxins during plant infection, which are harmful to the health of humans and livestock. As it is well known that lysine acetyltransferase complexes play important roles in pathogenesis, the roles of the Eaf6 homolog-containing complex have not been reported in fungal pathogen. In this study, a Eaf6 homolog FgEaf6 was identified in F. graminearum. To investigate the functions of FgEaf6, the gene was deleted using the split-marker method. Delta FgEaf6 mutant exhibited manifold defects in hyphal growth, conidial septation, asexual and sexual reproduction. Moreover, the virulence of the Delta FgEaf6 mutant was drastically reduced in both wheat heads and wheat coleoptiles. However, the FgEaf6 gene deletion did not impact DON production. An FgEaf6-gfp fusion localized to the nucleus and a conserved coiled-coil (C-C) domain was predicted in the sequence. Mutants with deletions in the C-C domain displayed similar defects during development and virulence as observed in the Delta FgEaf6 mutant. Moreover, the truncated gene was cytoplasm localized. In conclusion, the FgEaf6 encodes a nuclear protein, which plays key regulatory roles in hyphal growth, conidial septation, asexual/sexual reproduction, and the virulence of F. graminearum. The C-C is an indispensable domain in the gene. This is the first report on Eaf6 homolog functioning in virulence of fungal pathogen. SN 0172-8083 EI 1432-0983 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 66 IS 3 BP 517 EP 529 DI 10.1007/s00294-019-01043-0 UT WOS:000530619800008 PM 31728616 ER PT J AU Wood, MA Gilbert, JA Lacher, TE AF Wood, Margot A. Gilbert, Jessica A. Lacher, Thomas E., Jr. TI Payments for environmental service's role in landscape connectivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Creating landscapes with connectivity is vital for protecting biodiversity and meeting the environmental targets embedded in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, with connectivity specifically mentioned in Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity Aichi Targets. Costa Rica created the National Biological Corridor Program (NBCP) in 2006 to enhance connectivity among protected areas. Targeted investments of payments for environmental services (PES) are the main tools used within the designated biological corridors. We conducted spatially explicit analyses to determine whether Costa Rica's NBCP, using PES, enhanced landscape connectivity within the Paso de las Nubes Biological Corridor. We conducted landscape modelling in order to determine the connectivity held within PES's properties by developing connectivity resistance surfaces and electrical current models. The results indicate that PES properties established after the NBCP contributed more to areas with intermediate values of connectivity and less to areas with high connectivity values as compared to properties before the NBCP. Although overall connectivity within the corridor has decreased since NBCP establishment, our results confirm the importance of PES properties for landscape connectivity, but emphasize the need for spatially targeted PES in order to improve viable paths of landscape connectivity among protected areas. Future targeted PES investments could contribute greatly to meeting connectivity goals. OI Wood, Margot/0000-0001-6004-7378 SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 47 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 AR PII S0376892920000016 DI 10.1017/S0376892920000016 UT WOS:000530321000004 ER PT J AU Javanmard, E Ohari, Y Sadeghi, A Cheraghipour, K Aghdaei, HA Mirjalali, H Zali, MR Itagaki, T AF Javanmard, Ehsan Ohari, Yuma Sadeghi, Amir Cheraghipour, Kourosh Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh Mirjalali, Hamed Zali, Mohammad Reza Itagaki, Tadashi TI Multigene typing and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola from endemic foci in Iran SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION AB Fasciolosis is a public health problem originally transmitted from livestock. Although molecular analysis of the nuclear and mitochondrial genes allow discrimination between the two known species of Fasciola, F. hepatica and F. gigantica, these markers do not permit the detection of hybrid forms. On the other hand, molecular analysis of the pepck and pold genes from Fasciola do permit the detection of hybrid isolates and this study has not yet been performed on specimens from human and domesticated animals in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to molecularly analyze Fasciola isolates using both conventional and the two new genetic markers mentioned above. Fifty-three adult Fasciola worms were isolated from the livers of 28 domesticated animals, including sheep, cattle and goat. Moreover, an adult worm was obtained from the bile duct of an infected woman during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancratography (ERCP). Targeted fragments from the ITS-1, NDI and COX1 genes were amplified using specific primers. PCR products were sequenced and genetically analyzed using MEGA v.7 and DnaSP software. Additionally, the pepck and pold regions were amplified and analyzed using multiplex PCR and RLFP-PCR, respectively. Multiple alignment of sequenced fragments showed highest similarity among the ITS-1 sequences isolated from all four hosts in comparison to the other genes. Furthermore, sequence diversity across the COX1 was higher than the NDI and ITS-1. Diversity among sequences isolated from cattle was higher than those from sheep and goat in all three genes. Tajima's D and Fu's Fs were negative and statistically significant for all the genes except ITS-1. Phylogenetic trees showed that the human F. hepatica isolate was closer to sheep isolates. The results of the pepck and pold analyses showed that all isolates were F. hepatica and there were no hybrid forms among samples. The molecular analyses corroborated this finding. OI Mirjalali, Hamed/0000-0002-2568-9022 SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 80 AR 104202 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104202 UT WOS:000525757000032 PM 31978563 ER PT J AU Corredor-Figueroa, AP Salas, S Olaya-Galan, NN Quintero, JS Fajardo, A Sonora, M Moreno, P Cristina, J Sanchez, A Tobon, J Ortiz, D Gutierrez, MF AF Patricia Corredor-Figueroa, Adriana Salas, Sandra Nathalia Olaya-Galan, Nury Sebastian Quintero, Juan Fajardo, Alvaro Sonora, Martin Moreno, Pilar Cristina, Juan Sanchez, Alfredo Tobon, Julio Ortiz, Diego Fernanda Gutierrez, Maria TI Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of bovine leukemia virus in Colombian cattle SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION AB Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is one of the five agents considered most significant for cattle. It is important to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of BLV throughout the country in order to gain a more thorough understanding of the current situation of BLV and to reveal the possibility of masked genotypes that the primers used by OIE are unable to identify. Blood samples were collected at random from 289 cows distributed in 75 farms across the country. PCR amplification of env, gag and tax gene segments was performed. The obtained amplicons were sequenced and then subjected to phylogenetic analyses. A total of 62% of the cows present at 92% of the farms were BLV-positive for gag fragment. Genotype 1 was exclusively detected by env gene segment when analyzed using previously reported primers. However, tax gene analysis revealed circulation of genotype 6 variants, which were also detected based on env gene analysis with newly designed primers. These results indicate that current genotyping approaches based on partial env sequencing may bias BLV genetic variability approaches and underestimate the diversity of the detected BLV genotypes. This report is one of the first molecular and epidemiological studies of BLV conducted in Colombia, which contributes to the global epidemiology of the virus; it also highlights the substantial impact of BLV on the country's livestock and thus is a useful resource for farmers and government entities. RI ; Olaya-Galan, Nury-Nathalia/L-9782-2016 OI Corredor Figueroa, Adriana Patricia/0000-0001-9839-6151; Olaya-Galan, Nury-Nathalia/0000-0002-4282-4951 SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 80 AR 104171 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104171 UT WOS:000525757000004 PM 31904555 ER PT J AU Denis, C Lebarbier, E L?vy-Leduc, C Martin, O Sansonnet, L AF Denis, C. Lebarbier, E. Levy-Leduc, C. Martin, O. Sansonnet, L. TI A novel regularized approach for functional data clustering: an application to milking kinetics in dairy goats SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS AB Motivated by an application to the clustering of milking kinetics of dairy goats, we propose a novel approach for functional data clustering. This issue is of growing interest in precision livestock farming, which is largely based on the development of data acquisition automation and on the development of interpretative tools to capitalize on high throughput raw data and to generate benchmarks for phenotypic traits. The method that we propose in the paper falls in this context. Our methodology relies on a piecewise linear estimation of curves based on a novel regularized change-point-estimation method and on the k-means algorithm applied to a vector of coefficients summarizing the curves. The statistical performance of our method is assessed through numerical experiments and is thoroughly compared with existing experiments. Our technique is finally applied to milk emission kinetics data with the aim of a better characterization of interanimal variability and towards a better understanding of the lactation process. SN 0035-9254 EI 1467-9876 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 69 IS 3 BP 623 EP 640 DI 10.1111/rssc.12404 UT WOS:000530548200007 ER PT J AU Chen, QQ Bakker, JP Alberti, J Smit, C AF Chen, Qingqing Bakker, Jan P. Alberti, Juan Smit, Christian TI Long-term management is needed for conserving plant diversity in a Wadden Sea salt marsh SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION AB Evaluation of long-term management regimes is important for guiding biodiversity conservation in salt marshes. However, such long-term experiments are sparse. Using a 46-year experiment in a salt marsh, we evaluated long-term effects of eight different management regimes (treatments; control, grazing, mowing, and their combinations) on the expansion of a late successional plant species (Elytrigia atherica), plant species richness and diversity, and community composition (species identities and dominance structure). Results show that E. atherica expanded strongly over time in the control treatment (without grazing or mowing) while plant species richness and diversity declined substantially. By contrast, E. atherica was greatly suppressed while plant species richness and diversity remained relatively unchanged in all other treatments except for the mowing, where species richness declined in the late season mowing treatment and plant diversity declined after 17 years in the both early and late season mowing treatment. Therefore, all management types except for the mowing were effective in conserving plant diversity. The trends for change in species identities reversed: change in species identities accumulated in the control treatment and exceeded that of other treatments 15 years after the start of the experiment. This suggests that results based on shorter-term (< 15 years) experiments may provide misleading conservation recommendations. Also, trends for change in dominance structure (taking abundance into account) were substantially different from those for species identities. Our results highlight the importance of long-term monitoring for guiding conservation management, and that monitoring should not only focus on the number of species but also community composition, to fully identify critical changes. SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2329 EP 2341 DI 10.1007/s10531-020-01976-w UT WOS:000529703200013 ER PT J AU Singh, A Meghwal, PR AF Singh, Akath Meghwal, P. R. TI Socio-economic and horticultural potential of Ziziphus species in arid regions of Rajasthan India SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION AB Out of various species of Ziziphus, there are three, namely Z. mauritiana Lam., Z. rotundifolia Lam. and Z. nummularia (Burm. f.) wt., that are most abundantly occurring species in drier part of India. Z. mauritiana has socio-economic importance in the rural life of the local people being part of each and every farming system supplying food, fuel, fodder, fencing and nutritious fresh as well as value added products. Z. nummularia is an excellent top feed species producing nutritious leaves locally called 'Pala' serve as good source of fodder for desert livestock such as sheep, goat, camel and cattle. Z. rotundifolia have much value as timber however its importance lies as rootstock for vegetative propagation and played an important role in commercialization of cultivated Z. mauritiana. These species have tremendous potential for improvement and utilization as commercial crop of arid regions. The paper is an attempt to synthesize available information on Ziziphus species, their distribution, botanical description, nutritional and medicinal value, and experimental findings on genotypic diversity, adaptability under progressive drought situation, mass multiplication method, pruning, system based production and rejuvenation of unproductive trees. These information and research findings on improvement, production and utilization of jujube would create a strong commercial opportunities in arid and semi arid regions. RI Meghwal, Purkha Ram/AAP-5218-2020 SN 0925-9864 EI 1573-5109 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1313 DI 10.1007/s10722-020-00891-x UT WOS:000529342900014 ER PT J AU Hu, WY Yang, YY Li, Z Lu, Z Wang, F Wang, YZ AF Hu, Wangyang Yang, Yuanyuan Li, Zhi Lu, Z. Wang, F. Wang, Yizhen TI Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity and Mechanism of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-32 in Weaning Piglets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS AB Diarrhea is a serious issue among livestock, and pathogens and viral infections are the main causes of diarrhea, especially in weaned piglets. Additionally, overuse of antibiotics can lead to severe environment pollution. Therefore, our objective was to study a 32-residue engineered antimicrobial peptide, KR-32, that displays high antimicrobial activity with minimal hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Minimum inhibitory concentration and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that antimicrobial peptide KR-32 exerted its antimicrobial activity by destroying the cell membrane integrity. Piglets with clinical diarrhea were divided into three groups and treated with saline (control), KR-32 for 3 days. The antimicrobial peptide KR-32 alleviated the diarrhea of the weaned piglets by reducing the diarrheal rate and index, and it significantly decreased the IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels compared with the control group levels. To further study the inflammation of the piglets, we tested the effects of KR-32 on IPEC-J2 in vitro. We found that KR-32 attenuated lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation by activating the STAT-1 signaling pathway. In addition, KR-32 significantly reduced pro-inflammation factors IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha compared with the LPS-treated group. LPS-induced inflammation also affected intestinal barrier functions, but KR-32 enhanced the intestinal barrier by increasing expression of TJ proteins (claudin-1 and occludin) in IPEC-J2. In conclusion, our research reveals AMP KR-32 may have potential application for the control of infectious disease in livestock, and furthermore, AMP KR-32 is a potent antibacterial agent. SN 1573-3149 EI 1573-3904 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 26 IS 2 BP 943 EP 953 DI 10.1007/s10989-019-09898-0 UT WOS:000529544100029 ER PT J AU Palacino-Rodr?guez, F Palacino, DA Munguia-Steyer, R Juen, L AF Palacino-Rodriguez, Fredy Palacino, Diego Andres Munguia-Steyer, Roberto Juen, Leandro TI Effects of seasonality and environmental change on an Andean damselfly Mesamphiagrion laterale (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION AB Land use change, notably the conversion of natural habitats into agriculture, has strong negative effects on wild animal populations. Effects of disturbance and seasonality on demographic parameters of the damselfly Mesamphiagrion laterale Selys, 1876 were assessed to investigate how individual survival probability and over population size changed according to season and anthropogenic disturbance (agricultural habitat vs. forested habitat). For each habitat type, forest cover, area covered by vegetation, percentage of macrophytes and water physicochemical attributes were measured. Likewise, population parameters such as sex ratio, population size, life expectancy, survival and recapture rates were estimated using Cormark-Jolly-Seber (CJ-S) models. Life expectancy of the total population was lower during the rainy season, while population size and survival in males were lower in agricultural habitats during this same season. Human activities related to agriculture and livestock production in the Colombian Andes threaten the long-term viability of odonate populations through degradation of aquatic habitats. Contrary to our initially proposed hypotheses, these effects were more intense for males due to their closer association with riparian vegetation and thus greater exposure to aquatic pollutants. SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 24 IS 3 BP 499 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s10841-020-00237-z UT WOS:000531154900008 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, SS Ozdeser, H Cavusoglu, B AF Ibrahim, Saifullahi Sani Ozdeser, Huseyin Cavusoglu, Behiye TI Testing the impact of environmental hazards and violent conflicts on sustainable pastoral development: micro-level evidence from Nigeria SO ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY AB Pastoralism is often associated with a particular group of people or ethnic group whose livelihoods are mainly based on livestock production in the rangelands. With changing climatic conditions as a driving force of desertification and the mounting pressure on land due to population growth, the livestock-based livelihood strategy of pastoralism is rapidly becoming unsustainable. This study examines the impact of environmental hazards and violent conflicts on pastoral sustainability. The analysis using instrumental variable regression revealed two key findings. First, hazards and violent conflicts have strong negative effects on livestock holding. These effects can be found across all pastoral households with various sizes of livestock holding. Second, the loss of livestock is negatively affecting some critical indicators of welfare, such as income and per capita expenditure. In this sense, reducing both environmental hazards and violent conflicts is key to sustainable pastoral development. While there is a need to incorporate pastoral sustainability into the sustainable environment agenda, sustainable pastoral development not only depends on the pace but how effectively anti-climatic change, rural policing, poverty reduction and rangeland management policies are implemented. OI Sani Ibrahim, Saifullahi/0000-0001-8708-4056 SN 1387-585X EI 1573-2975 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 22 IS 5 BP 4169 EP 4190 DI 10.1007/s10668-019-00377-6 UT WOS:000528625000015 ER PT J AU Njisane, YZ Mukumbo, FE Muchenje, V AF Njisane, Yonela Zifikile Mukumbo, Felicitas Esnart Muchenje, Voster TI An outlook on livestock welfare conditions in African communities - A review SO ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES CT 50th Congress of the South-African-Society-for-Animal-Science (SASAS) CY SEP 18-21, 2017 CL Port Elizabeth, SOUTH AFRICA SP S African Soc Anim Sci AB A significant proportion of the African continent is conducive for animal agricultural production, due to its historical experience and available resources to accommodate and nurture various indigenous and exotic animal species and breeds. With food security being a global challenge, animal products can play an important role as nutrient dense food sources in human diets, particularly in Africa. However, this does not seem to reach its full potential in practice, due to numerous reasons that have not been adequately addressed. Animal welfare reservations can be highlighted as one of the major contributing factors to the curbed progress. The consequences have been scientifically proven to affect product quality and market access. However, in the African community, the concept of animal welfare has not been fully embraced. While there are international animal welfare standards in the developed world, there are inherent factors that hinder adoption of such initiatives in most developing regions, particularly among communal farmers. These include cultural norms and practices, social ranking, socio-economic status, available resources, information dissemination and monitoring tools. Therefore, there is need to harmonize what is internationally required and what is feasible to accommodate global variability. The protocols followed to ensure and evaluate farm animal welfare require regular investigation, innovation and a sustainable approach to enhance animal productivity, efficiency and product quality. Additionally, investing in animal wellbeing and health, as well as empowering communities with significant knowledge, has a potential to improve African livelihoods and contribute to food security. This review seeks to highlight the concept of animal welfare in relation to livestock and food production in African conditions. RI Mukumbo, Felicitas Esnart/V-5979-2018 OI Mukumbo, Felicitas Esnart/0000-0002-2567-4488 SN 1011-2367 EI 1976-5517 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 33 IS 6 BP 867 EP 878 DI 10.5713/ajas.19.0282 UT WOS:000528253100001 PM 31480203 ER PT J AU Lai, FY Chang, YY Chen, YC Lin, EC Liu, HC Huang, JF Ding, ST Wang, PH AF Lai, Fang-Yu Chang, Yi-Ying Chen, Yi-Chen Lin, En-Chung Liu, Hsiu-Chou Huang, Jeng-Fang Ding, Shih-Torng Wang, Pei-Hwa TI Monitoring of genetically close Tsaiya duck populations using novel microsatellite markers with high polymorphism SO ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES AB Objective: A set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism from Tsaiya duck were used for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of Brown and White Tsaiya duck populations in Taiwan. Methods: The synthetic short tandem repeated probes were used to isolate new microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of Tsaiya ducks. Eight populations, a total of 566 samples, sourced from Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute were genotyped through novel and known markers. The population genetic variables were calculated using optional programs in order to describe and monitor the genetic variability and the genetic structures of these Tsaiya duck populations. Results: In total 24 primer pairs, including 17 novel microsatellite loci from this study and seven previously known loci, were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in duck populations. The average values for the allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.29, 5.370, 0.591, 0.746, and 0.708, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting Brown Tsaiya duck cluster and a spreading White Tsaiya duck cluster. The Brown Tsaiya ducks and the White Tsaiya ducks with Pekin ducks were just split to six clusters and three clusters when K was set equal to 6 and 3 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The individual phylogenetic tree revealed eight taxa, and each individual was assigned to its own population. Conclusion: According to our study, the 24 novel microsatellite markers exhibited a high capacity to analyze relationships of inter- and intra-population in those populations with a relatively limited degree of genetic diversity. We suggest that duck farms in Taiwan could use the new (novel) microsatellite set to monitor the genetic characteristics and structures of their Tsaiya duck populations at various intervals in order to ensure quality breeding and conservation strategies. OI Ding, Shih-Torng/0000-0002-9866-1776 SN 1011-2367 EI 1976-5517 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 33 IS 6 BP 888 EP 901 DI 10.5713/ajas.19.0175 UT WOS:000528253100003 PM 31480142 ER PT J AU Park, J Kim, EB AF Park, Jongbin Kim, Eun Bae TI Differences in microbiome and virome between cattle and horses in the same farm SO ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES AB Objective: The ecosystem of an animal farm is composed of various elements, such as animals, farmers, plants, feed, soil, and microorganisms. A domesticated animal's health is largely connected with the reservoir of bacteria and viruses in animal farms. Although a few studies have focused on exploring the gut microbiome of animals, communities of microbiota and viruses in feedlots have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Here, we collected feces and dust samples (4 groups: cattle feces, C_F; horse feces, H_F; cattle dust, C_D; and horse dust, H_D) from cattle and horse farms sharing the same housing and investigated their microbiome/virome communities by Illumina sequencing. Results: Dust groups (C_D and H_D) showed higher microbial diversity than feces groups (C_F and H_F) regardless of animal species. From the microbial community analysis, all the samples from the four groups have major phyla such as Proteobacteria (min 37.1% to max 42.8%), Firmicutes (19.1% to 24.9%), Bacteroidetes (10.6% to 22.1%), and Actinobacteria (6.1% to 20.5%). The abundance of Streptococcus, which commonly recognized as equine pathogens, was significantly higher in the horse group (H_D and H_F). Over 99% among the classified virome reads were classified as Caudovirales, a group of tailed bacteriophages, in all four groups. Foot-and-mouth disease virus and equine adenovirus, which cause deadly diseases in cattle and horse, respectively, were not detected. Conclusion: Our results will provide baseline information to understand different gut and environmental microbial ecology between two livestock species. OI Kim, Eun Bae/0000-0002-6475-2012 SN 1011-2367 EI 1976-5517 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1042 EP 1055 DI 10.5713/ajas.19.0267 UT WOS:000528253100019 PM 32054207 ER PT J AU Mirza, RH Khan, MA Waheed, A Akhtar, M Raihan-dilshad, SM Faraz, A Ishaq, HM Kuthu, ZH AF Mirza, R. H. Khan, M. A. Waheed, A. Akhtar, M. Raihan-dilshad, S. M. Faraz, Asim Ishaq, H. M. Kuthu, Z. H. TI HERITABILITY ESTIMATES OF SOME BODY MEASUREMENTS IN NILI RAVI BUFFALOES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCES AB Current study was conducted to find out heritability estimates of some body measurements of Nili Ravi buffaloes maintained at 5 Livestock Experiment Stations in Punjab Pakistan. Recording of body measurements was continued for 3 years since 2010 to 2012. Heritabilities of traits were estimated using BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) evaluation techniques. Influencing factors such as age of the buffalo at scoring, stage of lactation, parity, herd and season were included in the model. Individual Animal Model was fitted under Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) Procedure. Data were analysed using the mixed model procedure of the Statistical Analysis Systems. Fixed effects observed to be significant in the initial analysis were included in the model for estimation of variance components from which genetic parameters were estimated. The ASREML set of computer programs was used to estimate heritabilities. Least squares means for head length, poll width, horn diameter, ear length, ear width, neck circumference, neck length, bodylength, tail length, tail diameter, height at sacrum and rump length were found as 54.13 +/- 3.48, 30.95 +/- 2.35, 18.65 +/- 2.06, 29.5 +/- 2.12, 18.66 +/- 1.22, 95.77 +/- 8.58, 53.32 +/- 4.56, 139.56 +/- 6.29, 103.51 +/- 12.55, 22.41 +/- 2.00, 135.77 +/- 4.40, 43.52 +/- 2.58 cm respectively. Results from univariate analysis of body measurement traits showed that most of the body measurements were low to moderate in heritablility. Overall range of heritability estimates for body measurements was found as 0.03 +/- 0.06 for neck circumference to 0.41 +/- 0.09 for tail length. Head length, tail length, tail diameter at base and ear length showed reasonably high estimates of heritability. The breeders preference for buffaloes with relatively smart head, thin tail and longer tail is supported through current study and these traits can be included for selection decisions for the production of replacement stock. SN 1018-7081 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 3 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.36899/JAPS.2020.3.0063 UT WOS:000524118100003 ER PT J AU Haq, MS Budisatria, IGS Panjono, P Maharani, D AF Haq, M. S. Budisatria, I. G. S. Panjono, P. Maharani, D. TI PREDICTION OF LIVE BODY WEIGHT USING BODY MEASUREMENTS FOR JAWA BREBES (JABRES) CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCES AB Bodyweight estimation is important for any aspect of livestock management. Jabres cattle farmers use bodyweight estimation to determine the cattle price in the traditional market. Nowadays, they only use eye-based assessment to predict cattle body weight with a lot of inaccuracies. In this study, the cattle body weight was estimated based on body size measurements data, namely body length, heart girth, withers height, rump height, face length, and face width. The data were collected from Jabres cattle reared in the district of Bantarkawung, Brebes, Central Java, Indonesia. The data were taken from 521 Jabres cattle which were stratified by sex and age. Generally, male Jabres cattle have a smaller body size than female Jabres cattle and younger cattle have significant smaller body size than elder cattle. The highest correlation coefficient came from body weight and heart girth. The equation to predict body weight was obtained by multiple linear regression and factorial analysis scores followed by multiple linear regression methods. The result showed that multiple linear regression method was preferable to be used to predict body weight of Jabres cattle because of its better accuracy, better fitness, and more applicable for Jabres cattle farmers. SN 1018-7081 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 3 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.36899/JAPS.2020.3.0065 UT WOS:000524118100005 ER PT J AU Burezq, HA Khalil, F Dashti, J Essawi, A Al-Thefeeri, F Farouq, M AF Burezq, H. A. Khalil, F. Dashti, J. Essawi, A. Al-Thefeeri, F. Farouq, M. TI CONTROLLING LAMBS MORTALITY THROUGH EWES' VACCINATION IN THE FARMS OF KUWAIT SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND PLANT SCIENCES AB A serious problem in the sheep industry of Kuwait is the high mortality rate of newborn lambs especially during the first three weeks of age. The present study was carried out with the objective to improve the existing vaccination protocol of ewes in the farms of Kuwait, to boost ewe's immunity to produce high quality colostrum. The required baseline data of mortality of young lambs were collected by intensive survey work. Survey studies showed that the mortality rate of young lambs ranged between 30-50% in the sheep farms of Kuwait. Results of field experiment showed that the concentration of Igs of serum and colostrum collected from vaccinated pregnant ewes during pregnancy period was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the rest of the farms where no vaccination was made during pregnancy, and reached 45.79 +/- 0.561mg/ml and 65.9 +/- 0.805mg/ml in the serum and colostrum, respectively. In addition, the main causes of lambs' mortality were diagnosed as due to the infections by; Clostridia and Pasteurella. From the present study it is concluded that vaccinating ewes during pregnancy period, resulted in significantly higher ( P<0.05) secretion of Igs in ewes' blood and colostrum, which resulted into a positive effect on decreasing the mortality rate of young lambs, and is considered very beneficial to livestock-industry-in-Kuwait. SN 1018-7081 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 3 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.36899/JAPS.2020.3.0070 UT WOS:000524118100010 ER PT J AU Li, J Li, YC Moumouni, PFA Lee, SH Galon, EM Tumwebaze, MA Yang, HX Huercha Liu, MM Guo, HP Gao, Y Benedicto, B Zhang, W Fan, XL Chahan, B Xuan, XN AF Li, Jixu Li, Yongchang Moumouni, Paul Franck Adjou Lee, Seung-Hun Galon, Eloiza May Tumwebaze, Maria Agnes Yang, Hongxia Huercha Liu, Mingming Guo, Huanping Gao, Yang Benedicto, Byamukama Zhang, Wei Fan, Xinli Chahan, Bayin Xuan, Xuenan TI First description of Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia spp. infection and molecular detection of piroplasma co-infecting horses in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB Q fever, spotted fever rickettsioses and equine piroplasmosis, are some of the most serious equine tick-borne diseases caused by Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia spp., Babesia caballi and/or Theileria equi. This study surveyed and molecularly characterized these pathogens infecting horses in ten ranches from XUAR, China using molecular technology. Among 200 horse blood samples, 163 (81.5%) were infected with at least one of the pathogens. Rickettsia spp. was the most prevalent pathogen (n = 114, 57.0%), followed by C. burnetii (n = 79, 39.5%), T. equi (n= 79, 39.5%) and B. caballi (n= 49, 24.5%). Co-infections were observed in 61.3% of positive samples in this study. Statistically significant differences were observed between the sampling regions for C. burnetii, B. caballi and T. equi, and also in different age group for C. burnetii and T. equi. The genotype analysis indicated that C. burnetii htpB, Rickettsia spp. ompA, B. caballi rap-1, B. caballi 18S rRNA, T. equi EMA-1 and T. equi 18S rRNA gene sequences from horses in XUAR were variable. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of C. burnetii and Rickettsia spp. infection and co-infected with piroplasma in horses in China. Overall, this study revealed the high infection rate of the pathogens in horses in XUAR, China. The current findings are expected to provide a basis for better tick-borne disease control in the region. OI Tumwebaze, Maria/0000-0003-0056-3551 SN 1383-5769 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 76 AR 102028 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102028 UT WOS:000528164100002 PM 31759172 ER PT J AU Liempi, A Castillo, C Medina, L Galanti, N Maya, JD Parraguez, VH Kemmerling, U AF Liempi, Ana Castillo, Christian Medina, Lisvaneth Galanti, Norbel Maya, Juan Diego Hugo Parraguez, Victor Kemmerling, Ulrike TI Comparative ex vivo infection with Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii of human, canine and ovine placenta: Analysis of tissue damage and infection efficiency SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, and Toxoplasma gondii, which is responsible for Toxoplasmosis, are two parasites that cause significant protozoan zoonoses and consequently important economic losses in human, companion animals and livestock. For the congenital transmission to occur, both parasites must cross the barrier present in the mammalian placenta, which differs between species. Particularly, hemochorial, endotheliochorial and epitheliochorial placental barriers are present, respectively, in human, dog and sheep. The type of placental barrier has been associated with the probability of transmission of pathogens. In this study, we used experimental placental ex vivo infection models of T. cruzi and T. gondii in the above-mentioned mammals in order to study tissue alterations and to compare infection efficiency. Here, we infected placental term explants from human, dog and sheep and analyzed tissue damage by standard histological and histochemical methods. Comparative infection efficiency was determined by quantitative PCR. Both parasites are able to infect the different placental explants; however, more T. gondii parasites were detected, and T. gondii causes a more severe tissue damage in human and canine explants than T. cruzi. The histopathological changes observed in ovine placenta explants were similar in presence of both parasites. We conclude that the infection efficiency of T. gondii is higher, compared to T. cruzi, during the ex vivo infection of human, canine and ovine placental explants. In addition, the ex vivo infection of mammalian placental explants constitutes an interesting experimental approach to study part of the infection mechanisms as well as host responses during congenital infection of both parasites. SN 1383-5769 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 76 AR 102065 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102065 UT WOS:000528164100018 PM 32001348 ER PT J AU Rehman, ZU Zahid, O Rashid, I Ali, Q Akbar, MH Oneeb, M Shehzad, W Ashraf, K Sargison, ND Chaudhry, U AF Rehman, Zia Ur Zahid, Osama Rashid, Imran Ali, Qasim Akbar, Muhammad Haroon Oneeb, Muhammad Shehzad, Wasim Ashraf, Kamran Sargison, Neil D. Chaudhry, Umer TI Genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in Fasciola gigantica isolates of Pakistani livestock SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB Fasciola spp. are responsible for over 3 billion US dollars of production loss annually in livestock and cause widespread zoonotic disease. Nevertheless, understating of the emergence and spread of the trematode species is poor. The multiplicity of F. gigantica infection and its spread is potentially influenced by multiple factors, including the abundance of suitable intermediate hosts, climatic conditions favouring the completion of the parasite's lifecycle, and translocation of infected animals, or free-living parasite stages between regions. Here we describe the development of a 'tremabiome' metabarcoding sequencing method to explore the numbers of F. gigantica genotypes per infection and patterns of parasite spread, based on genetic characteristics of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (mt-ND-1) locus. We collected F. gigantica from three abattoirs in the Punjab and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan, and our results show a high level of genetic diversity in 20 F. gigantica populations derived from small and large ruminants consigned to slaughter in both provinces. This implies that F. gigantica can reproduce in its definitive hosts through meiosis involving cross- and self-breeding, as described in the closely related species, Fasciola hepatica. The genetic diversity between the 20 populations derived from different locations also illustrates the impact of animal movements on gene flow. Our results demonstrate the predominance of single haplotypes, consistent with a single introduction of F. gigantica infection in 85% of the hosts from which the parasite populations were derived. This is consistent with clonal reproduction in the intermediate snail hosts. SN 1383-5769 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 76 AR 102071 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102071 UT WOS:000528164100024 PM 32045674 ER PT J AU Shi, YX Yang, JF Guan, GQ Liu, ZJ Luo, JX Song, MX AF Shi, Yaoxu Yang, Jifei Guan, Guiquan Liu, Zhijie Luo, Jianxun Song, Mingxin TI Molecular investigation of Anaplasma species in sheep from Heilongjiang Province, northeast China identified four Anaplasma species and a novel genotype of Anaplasma capra SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB Anaplasmosis poses a great threat to the livestock industry and human health in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study investigated the presence of Anaplasma in sheep from Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. A total of 341 blood samples were detected by PCR with species-specific primers based on the msp4 gene of Anaplasma ovis, 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis and gltA gene of Anaplasma capra. The results showed that Anaplasma infection was found in 103 (30.2%) of 341 sheep. The infection rates were 2.6%, 8.8%, 15.8% and 10.0% for A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. bovis and A. capra in sheep, respectively. Co-infection involving two Anaplasma species was found in 25 sheep (8.0%), which were usually A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis (72.0%). Co-infection involving A. phagocytophilum, A. capra, A. ovis with zoonotic potential, was found in one sheep. Sequence analysis revealed that the isolates of A. ovis, A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum identified in sheep were closely related to those previously reported in ticks and other animal hosts. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. capra could be classified into two distinct clusters based on the gltA gene and the isolates identified in sheep from this study were clustered in the A. capra genotype II, which was clearly distinct with the human isolates. The findings in this study report four Anaplasma species and a novel A. capra genotype in sheep from northeastern China, and improve our knowledge of Anaplasma, contributing to the control of ovine anaplasmosis. SN 1383-5769 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 76 AR 102072 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102072 UT WOS:000528164100025 PM 32044431 ER PT J AU Shirozu, T Soga, A Morishita, YK Seki, N Ko-ketsu, M Fukumoto, S AF Shirozu, Takahiro Soga, Akira Morishita, Yu-ki Seki, Nobuaki Ko-ketsu, Mami Fukumoto, Shinya TI Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium infections in Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in the Tokachi sub-prefecture of Hokkaido, Japan SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AB The Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) on the island of Hokkaido, Japan are currently recognized as overabundant. Hunting is used to control the deer population, and this has increased the supply of game meat, which is associated with a high risk of various food-borne infections. Additionally, the sub-prefecture Tokachi has a dense population of livestock, which are potentially at risk of cross-species infections from the deer. In this study, we undertook the first analysis of the incidence of Cryptosporidium infection in the Yezo sika deer in the Tokachi area using polymerase chain reaction testing and phylogenetic analysis. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed Cryptosporidium species present in 7.5% of fecal samples (13/173) collected from deer hunted between 2016 and 2017. However, the zoonotic Cryptosporidium paruvm parasite was not detected in the phylogenetic analysis; when sequenced, all species in the positive samples matched the Cryptosporidium deer genotype. However, deer may act as a reservoir of the zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum parasite, which affects both humans and livestock. Therefore, we recommend the continuation of surveys of the incidence of Cryptosporidium infections in Yezo sika deer. SN 1383-5769 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 76 AR 102064 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102064 UT WOS:000528164100017 PM 31978598 ER PT J AU Zarbalizadeh-Saed, A Seifdavati, J Abdi-Benemar, H Salem, AZM Barbabosa-Pliego, A Camacho-Diaz, LM Fadayifar, A Seyed-Sharifi, R AF Zarbalizadeh-Saed, Akram Seifdavati, Jamal Abdi-Benemar, Hossein Salem, Abdelfattah Z. M. Barbabosa-Pliego, Alberto Camacho-Diaz, Luis M. Fadayifar, Amir Seyed-Sharifi, Reza TI Effect of Slow-Release Pellets of Selenium and Iodine on Performance and Some Blood Metabolites of Pregnant Moghani Ewes and Their Lambs SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH AB The need for minerals during pregnancy in mammals increases by progress of gestation due to embryo development. Therefore, the supply of trace minerals for pregnant ewes in late pregnancy may be of vital importance. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of selenium and iodine release slowly on the performance and some blood parameters of pregnant ewes and their lambs. Experiments were performed on 40 pregnant ewes from 3 to 4 years old in the last month of pregnancy with a weighing average of 52 +/- 5 kg and a factorial experiment (2 x 2) in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 10 replicates used for 120 days (30 days before and 90 days after parturition of ewes). Experimental treatments were containing the following: (1) control, (2) ewe receiving bolus containing iodine, (3) ewe receiving bolus containing iodine and selenium, and (4) ewe receiving bolus containing selenium. One month before the expected birth date, the pellets will be fed to each of the livestock by bolus gun. During the test period, ewes will not receive any other mineral supplements and will be kept in a group in a herd. Ewes were blood sampled at 10 days prepartum and 30 and 60 days postpartum. The results showed that body weight on birth and weaning of lambs and average daily gain of lambs were highest in bloused animals that were related to the slow-release selenium tablet lambs (P < 0.05). Lambs born to mothers receiving 0.3 mg day(-1) of selenium per day had a keratin phosphokinase concentration of T-4 concentration and T-4 to T-3 lower than that of zero selenium (P < 0.05). Daily gain, glutathione peroxidase activity, and T-4 concentration at iodine 0.4 mg day(-1) were significantly higher than iodine level (P < 0.05). The adding of slow- release pellets of iodine and selenium improved the immune system. RI Salem, A.Z.M./K-1495-2014 OI Salem, A.Z.M./0000-0001-7418-4170 SN 0163-4984 EI 1559-0720 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 195 IS 2 BP 461 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s12011-019-01853-w UT WOS:000527952400011 PM 31392544 ER PT J AU Ding, ZM Hua, LP Ahmad, MJ Safdar, M Chen, F Wang, YS Zhang, SX Miao, YL Xiong, JJ Huo, LJ AF Ding, Zhi-Ming Hua, Li-Ping Ahmad, Muhammad Jamil Safdar, Muhammad Chen, Fan Wang, Yong-Shang Zhang, Shou-Xin Miao, Yi-Liang Xiong, Jia-Jun Huo, Li-Jun TI Diethylstilbestrol exposure disrupts mouse oocyte meiotic maturation in vitro through affecting spindle assembly and chromosome alignment SO CHEMOSPHERE AB An adverse tendency induced by the environmental estrogens in female reproductive health is one serious problem worldwide. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), as a synthetic estrogen, is still used as an animal growth stimulant in terrestrial livestock and aquaculture illegally. It has been reported to negatively affect ovarian function and oogenesis. Nevertheless, the mechanism and toxicity of DES on oocyte meiotic maturation are largely unknown. Herein, we found that DES (40 mu M) intervened in mouse oocyte maturation and first polar body extrusion (PBE) was decreased in vitro. Cell cycle analysis showed meiotic process was disturbed with oocytes arrested at metaphase I (MI) stage after DES exposure. Further study showed that DES exposure disrupted the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, which then continuously provoke the spindle assemble checkpoint (SAC). We also observed that the acetylation levels of alpha-tubulin were dramatically increased in DES-treated oocytes. In addition, the dynamics of actin were also affected. Moreover, the distribution patterns of estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) were altered in DES-treated oocyte, as indicated by the significant signals accumulation in the spindle area. However, ER alpha inhibitor failed to rescue the defects of oocyte maturation caused by DES. Of note, the same phenomenon was observed in estrogen-treated oocytes. Collectively, we showed that DES exposure lead to the oocyte meiotic failure via impairing the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. Our research is helpful to understand how environmental estrogen affects female germ cells and contribute to design the potential therapies to preserve fertility especially for occupational exposure. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 249 AR 126182 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126182 UT WOS:000527935600079 PM 32078850 ER PT J AU Bellabidi, M Benaissa, MH Bissati-Bouafia, S Harrat, Z Brahmi, K Kernif, T AF Bellabidi, Meriem Benaissa, Mohammed Hocine Bissati-Bouafia, Samia Harrat, Zoubir Brahmi, Karima Kernif, Tahar TI Coxiella burnetii in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Algeria: Seroprevalence, molecular characterization, and ticks (Atari: Ixodidae) vectors SO ACTA TROPICA AB Q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii that most commonly infects not only a variety of mammals but also arthropods and in particularly ticks. The aim of this study was to detect C. burnetii infection in camels including ixodid ticks using serological and molecular assays. Between July 2018 to June 2019, blood samples from 184 male and female camels (Camelus dromedarius) were collected from 3 regions of South East Algeria and serum samples were tested for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The positive sera and a total of 60 ticks were tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detection of C. burnetii with primers and probes specific to the transposon-like repetitive region (IS1111 gene). Positive samples were genotyped by amplification and sequencing of partial sequences based on the IS1111 gene. The seroprevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii was 75.5%. Statistical analysis pointed out three potential risk factors associated with Q fever infection: geographic location, age class and season. No positive DNA of camel blood sample was observed. However, five Hyalomma dromedarii, one H. impeltatum and one H. excavatum tick species were detected positive for Coxiella burnetii DNA by qPCR, with an overall prevalence rate of 11.66% (7/60). The revealed Algerian strains by phylogenetic and comparative analysis of the IS1111 nucleotide sequences were clustered with several pathogenic C. burnetii strains isolated from ticks, human, and cattle located in Tunisia, Greece and in some Mediterranean countries, respectively. The study results clearly indicate that camels and their ticks in Algeria may play an important role as a reservoir for C. burnetii and can be considered as a significant source of Q fever transmission to other animal species and humans. OI Benaissa, Mohammed Hocine/0000-0003-0535-4249 SN 0001-706X EI 1873-6254 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 206 AR UNSP 105443 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105443 UT WOS:000527575700004 PM 32173315 ER PT J AU Fu, YF Li, W Dai, B Zheng, LL Zhang, ZG Qi, DM Cheng, XJ Zhang, DW Zhuang, SL AF Fu, Yongfeng Li, Wei Dai, Bo Zheng, Lulu Zhang, Zhigang Qi, Dongmei Cheng, Xunjia Zhang, Dawei Zhuang, Songlin TI Diagnosis of mixed infections with swine viruses using an integrated microfluidic platform SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL AB Early diagnosis and intervention of livestock epidemics is extremely important because disastrous outbreaks of an infectious disease can not only hit livestock industry but also cause a series of negative economic and social consequences. In order to fulfill the requirement of point-of-care testing, a reliable, field-portable, time-efficient and cost-effective microfluidic platform including a microfluidic chip and a semi-automated immunoassay system (SAIS) is developed. Multiple samples can be tested simultaneously in a single chip for multiple-biomarker testing. The entire assay, including reagent injection, well washing, waste collection and colorimetric detection, can be realized in the user-friendly system. The assay of three contagious diseases, PRRSV, CSFV and PCV2, is conducted in the microfluidic platform. The consistency of the reaction for different samples can be guaranteed owing to the chip design for flow balance. The assay only takes 12 min and 4 mu L of sample is required. The assay achieves high accuracy ( > 93.8 %), high sensitivity ( > 88.8 %) and high specificity ( > 96.6 %). The platform has the potential to be applied for on-site rapid screening livestock diseases. RI zhang, fei/AAO-7640-2020 EI 0925-4005 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 312 AR 128005 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128005 UT WOS:000526109000017 ER PT J AU Rebollo, ME Jahn, AE Cereghetti, J Fernandez, SAP Sarasola, JH AF Emilia Rebollo, Maria Jahn, Alex E. Cereghetti, Joaquin Pereyra Fernandez, Sebastian Andres Hernan Sarasola, Jose TI Nest-site selection and breeding success of two neotropical austral migrant birds in a semiarid forest: A comparison of sites with and without livestock SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Understanding the mechanisms underpinning nest-site selection offers novel insights about selective forces shaping the breeding ecology of birds, and provides vital information for conservation planning. We evaluated and compared nest-site selection and breeding success of Vermilion Flycatchers (VEFL) and Fork-tailed Flycatchers (FTFL) in areas with and without livestock in the Espinal biome of La Pampa Province, Argentina. VEFL selected nest sites with greater tree cover, whereas FTFL nested in taller trees with narrower trunks. We found a weak positive effect of nest height, diameter of nest-support branches and the absence of livestock on VEFL nest survival, and a weak positive effect of nest orientation on FTFL nest survival. However, although some habitat characteristics varied between the two areas, nest site characteristics of both species in areas with and without livestock did not differ significantly. The nest survival was 12.7% for VEFL and 28.7% for FTFL, and did not differ significantly between these two flycatchers. The breeding ecology of these birds has likely been molded by a broad suite of selective pressures, such as severe weather, brood parasites and predators that characterize habitats in central Argentina. SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 177 AR 104121 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104121 UT WOS:000525299500001 ER PT J AU Llanos, R Travaini, A AF Llanos, Romina Travaini, Alejandro TI Diet of puma (Puma concolor) in sheep ranches of central Patagonia (Argentina) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS AB Sheep depredation by puma (Puma concolor) is a socio-environmental problem that has intensified in recent decades in Patagonia. A bounty system to control this carnivore is implemented in Chubut province (central Patagonia), whereas alternative measures to mitigate the conflict are still in progress. A common recommendation to limit livestock depredation by large carnivores is to maintain suitable levels of wild prey populations. To evaluate the applicability of this recommendation, we examined the puma diet in ranches of the northeastern of Chubut. We analyzed the stomach and intestinal contents of 21 pumas hunted under provincial legislation. The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) represented around 75% of the total biomass consumed. Sheep was the second prey in relevance, but their contribution to the diet was four times lower than the guanaco. Our results emphasize the role of this large native ungulate as main prey and its potential relevance as a buffer against predation on sheep. This study provides information that could be useful for preventive management of livestock predation in Patagonia. SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 177 AR 104145 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104145 UT WOS:000525299500013 ER PT J AU Satei, E Mirshahabi, H Zeighami, H Gholoobi, A Sadeghi, H AF Satei, Esmat Mirshahabi, Hessam Zeighami, Habib Gholoobi, Aida Sadeghi, Hamid TI Molecular survey of BCSP31 and IS711 using PCR assays in detection of Brucella spp. in raw milk SO META GENE AB Brucella spp. as animal pathogens causes human brucellosis, the most momentous zoonotic diseases all over the world that result in economic pressure, human morbidity, and poverty. Brucellosis is commonly transmitted by infected dairy products. The prevalence of Brucella spp. and high consumption of unpasteurized dairy products in urban areas of Iran imposes further studies to clarify the prevalence of Brucella species. This molecular survey was purposefully designed to determine the prevalence of Brucella in raw milk collected from milk sellers using PCR in Zanjan province, Iran. In this molecular cross-sectional study, 73 raw milk samples with a volume of 40 ml gathered (6 samples from sheep and 67 samples from bovine) from raw milk vendors in Zanjan province. DNA of bacteria was extracted from the raw milk samples using (GeneALL, South Korea) kit according to the manufacturer protocol. Specific primers (B4 and B5) were used to the amplification of BCSP31 gene. Five primers (Ba-sp, Bm-sp, Bo-sp, Bs-sp, and IS711-sp) were used to detect Brucella spp. (Brucella abortus, Brucella melitens, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis) among the positive samples for bcsp3l gene. From the 73 raw milk samples collected, 38 cases (52%) were positive for Brucella genus, 3 cases (7.8%) belonged to Brucella abortus and 2 cases (5.2%) belonged to Brucella melitensis. There were no positive cases for both Brucella ovis and Brucella suis. Results of this study proved that the prevalence of Brucella in raw milk is still a threat to public health, which should have a deeper look at the control strategies and methods of the prevention of brucellosis in the livestock. EI 2214-5400 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 24 AR 100683 DI 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100683 UT WOS:000525750700047 ER PT J AU Sundarraj, R Mohanty, NN Yogisharadhya, R Jeyakanthan, J Prajapati, A Chanda, MM Shivachandra, SB AF Sundarraj, Rajamanikandan Mohanty, Nihar Nalini Yogisharadhya, Revanaiah Jeyakanthan, Jeyaraman Prajapati, Awadesh Chanda, Mohammed Mudassar Shivachandra, Sathish Bhadravati TI Comparative sequence, structure and functional analysis of Skp protein, a molecular chaperone among members of Pasteurellaceae and its homologues in Gram-negative bacteria SO META GENE AB Molecular chaperones are emerging targets for biotechnological utilities or design of novel therapeutics against several virulent bacteria. The periplasmic Skp is one such protein which is involved in biogenesis of OMPs in several Gram-negative bacteria including members of Pasteurellaceae, which are causative agents for infectious diseases in animals and humans. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced skp genes of P. multocida strains from different host species and comparatively analyzed among members of Pasteurellaceae as well as its homologues in several Gram-negative bacteria. Multiple sequence analysis of Skp sequences revealed absolute homology among members of Pasteurellaceae and high divergence among Gram-negative bacteria. Three dimensional structure of Skp of P. multocida was constructed using structural modelling. Overall, our study indicated that despite divergence of Skp sequences among several Gram-negative bacteria, all of them possess similar structural fold as well as identical binding mechanisms to assist the proper folding of the OMPs. Further, the study also indicated the potential possibilities to develop novel therapeutics based on Skp protein for infectious diseases caused by P. multocida strains in livestock as well as humans. EI 2214-5400 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 24 AR 100680 DI 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100680 UT WOS:000525750700016 ER PT J AU Shackleton, CM Drescher, A Schlesinger, J AF Shackleton, C. M. Drescher, A. Schlesinger, J. TI Urbanisation reshapes gendered engagement in land-based livelihood activities in mid-sized African towns SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT AB Most sub-Saharan African countries are experiencing accelerating rates of urban migration, which bring with it many opportunities and challenges for migrating households, urban planners, governments and local and national economies. At the household level urbanisation may drive changes in the allocation of household labour and consequently social and economic relations. Yet how these are manifest in land-based livelihood strategies of arable cropping, livestock husbandry and the collection of wild products in urban settings has rarely been considered. Here we examine the changing participation rates in land-based livelihood activities by male- and female-headed households along the rural-urban continua of six sub-Saharan African secondary towns. To capture the gendered changes in land-based livelihood strategies along the urban-rural continuum, 1156 randomly selected households were sampled along transects radiating out from the urban through the periurban to rural surrounds. Participation in different land-based livelihood strategies was recorded by means of a questionnaire. We show that engagement in one or more land-based livelihood activities is widespread (92% of all households), even amongst urban households (82%). We also show that there are marked changes in gendered participation for many land-based activities along the urbanisation gradient, with a general narrowing of differences in participation rates between male- and female-headed households with increasing urbanisation. These results indicate that land-based activities are components of not only rural livelihoods in Africa, but are also practiced by most urban households too, and that urbanisation reshapes some of the gendered dimensions of roles more typical of rural contexts. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0305-750X PD JUN PY 2020 VL 130 AR 104946 DI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104946 UT WOS:000525718600026 ER PT J AU Lankowicz, KM Bi, HS Liang, D Fan, CL AF Lankowicz, Katelynn M. Bi, Hongsheng Liang, Dong Fan, Chunlei TI Sonar imaging surveys fill data gaps in forage fish populations in shallow estuarine tributaries SO FISHERIES RESEARCH AB Forage fish are economically and ecologically important to many coastal marine ecosystems, but most forage fish species are not targeted in species-specific abundance surveys. In the Chesapeake Bay, Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), an important forage species for many upper-trophic level consumers, are sampled with beach seines and midwater trawls. There is evidence that these traditional fish sampling gears are insufficient for observing menhaden abundance and distribution, which may lead to biased and inaccurate indices of abundance. We suggest this is due to omitting or under-sampling shallow estuarine creeks and nearshore areas. We tested this hypothesis in the Patuxent River, Maryland and its surrounding shallow-water creeks, which are representative of many estuarine tributaries with varied bathymetry. Sonar imaging surveys were conducted using Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonars (ARIS 1800 and 3000) and a generalized additive model was fit to the resulting data to model forage fish density. Results indicated that menhaden and other forage fish were present at significantly higher densities in shallow-water creeks than in deeper-water areas. Further, many forage fish were observed in creek habitats frequently omitted by both seines and trawls, suggesting that these survey designs may result in biased forage fish indices of abundance. Therefore, we recommend current forage fish surveys in the Chesapeake Bay, especially those with the intent of developing juvenile menhaden indices of abundance, be supplemented with hydroacoustic surveys in shallow waters to improve accuracy and reduce bias. RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012 OI Bi, Hongsheng/0000-0003-2595-6271 SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 226 AR 105520 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105520 UT WOS:000525305200008 ER PT J AU Gomes, PJ Silva, GM Sarkis, J AF Gomes, Paulo J. Silva, Graca Miranda Sarkis, Joseph TI Exploring the relationship between quality ambidexterity and sustainable production SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS AB Organizational sustainability requires production systems improvement and adaptation simultaneously balancing environmental, social and business dimensions. This exploratory study investigates how quality management exploitation and exploration may ambidextrously contribute to support environmentally sustainable production development. The study uses data collected through an online survey from ISO 9001 certified manufacturing firms. Drawing upon organizational ambidexterity in management literature, and using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the data, we develop a set of propositions that link quality ambidexterity to environmentally sustainable production. Results reveal alternative equifinal configurations of quality management practices that lead to environmentally sustainable production. All configurations combine quality exploration and exploitation practices. The consideration of multiple goals, and especially the requirement for cost efficiency, reveals tensions between the two quality learning modes. The study provides evidence that quality management ambidexterity, the simultaneous presence of quality exploitation and exploration practices, is an important determinant of environmentally sustainable production. The findings provide insights for managers on how to leverage organizational improvement capabilities to achieve sustainability goals. OI Silva, Graca/0000-0001-5396-395X SN 0925-5273 EI 1873-7579 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 224 AR UNSP 107560 DI 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107560 UT WOS:000525321800023 ER PT J AU Ahuja, V Ward, D Rajabov, R McLeod, A Jackson, R AF Ahuja, Vinod Ward, David Rajabov, Rukhshona McLeod, Anni Jackson, Ron TI Preferences of livestock owners for sharing the cost of brucellosis control in Tajikistan SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE AB In the context of significant public health benefits of brucellosis control and shrinking public resources for livestock vaccination, this paper considers the willingness of small ruminant livestock owners to pay for vaccination of their animals against brucellosis. The willingness to pay is estimated through a binary choice contingent valuation approach using data from a rural household survey specially designed for this purpose. The survey was conducted in southern Tajikistan, one of its poorest regions, in March 2009. The study used a nonparametric method for estimating the willingness to pay and a parametric (Probit) model for identifying determinants. The results show that households, including poor households, were willing to pay for continuing vaccination of their sheep and goats against brucellosis. Controlling for other attributes of willingness to pay, there was practically no correlation between willingness to pay and household asset level. This means both poor and rich alike are willing to pay for the service. On the other hand, the results also show that the willingness to pay was comparatively higher in households with relatively higher levels of education of adult females. This suggests that an awareness campaign targeted at female members of households would enhance the ownership and coverage of cost recovery programs and should form an integral part of any efforts towards introducing financial participation from sheep and goat owners for brucellosis vaccination. SN 0034-5288 EI 1532-2661 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 130 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.015 UT WOS:000525471600016 PM 32171998 ER PT J AU Fascella, G Mammano, MM D'Angiolillo, F Pannico, A Rouphael, Y AF Fascella, Giancarlo Mammano, Michele M. D'Angiolillo, Francesca Pannico, Antonio Rouphael, Youssef TI Coniferous wood biochar as substrate component of two containerized Lavender species: Effects on morpho-physiological traits and nutrients partitioning SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE AB Peat moss continued to be, though the exploitation of peatlands due to the peat extraction, the most important and used growing substrate in the nursery production of containerized ornamental plants. Biochar, the byproduct of the pyrolysis technology for bio-energy process from organic feedstocks, has been recently demonstrated a promising replacement substitute for peat in ornamentals production. An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the differences on growth, ornamental quality and nutrients partitioning of two Lavender species (Lavandula angustifolia and L. dentata) grown in a peat-based growing substrate amended with coniferous wood biochar at 0%, 25 %, 50 % or 75 % (by volume). Increasing biochar content of growing substrates resulted in an increase of several chemical and physical properties such as electrical conductivity, pH, bulk density and total porosity and in a decrease of water retention capacity as well as in nutrients availability (P, Ca and Mg). Higher biochar percentages in the substrate negatively affected growth pattern and physiological traits of the potted plants, due to suboptimal conditions of growing substrates. Lavenders grown with 25 % biochar showed similar growing and qualitative response in terms of number of leaves, root length, biomass production and biomass water use efficiency, compared to those cultivated with 0% biochar, due to an enhanced SPAD index, photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis and leaf nutritional status (higher nitrate, P and K). Overall, our experimental data demonstrated that a peat-based substrate amended with 25 % of coniferous wood biochar could be adopted as a sustainable production system for containerized lavenders, with no negative effects on plant growth and ornamental quality. OI Pannico, Antonio/0000-0002-2999-1536 SN 0304-4238 EI 1879-1018 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 267 AR 109356 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109356 UT WOS:000525707400036 ER PT J AU del Rio-Mena, T Willemen, L Tesfamariam, GT Beukes, O Nelson, A AF del Rio-Mena, Trinidad Willemen, Louise Tesfamariam, Ghirmay Tsegay Beukes, Otto Nelson, Andy TI Remote sensing for mapping ecosystem services to support evaluation of ecological restoration interventions in an arid landscape SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS AB Considerable efforts and resources are being invested in integrated conservation and restoration interventions in rural arid areas. Empirical research for quantifying ecosystem services - nature's benefits to people - is essential for evaluating the range of benefits of ecological restoration and to support its use in natural resource management. Satellite remote sensing (RS) can be used to monitor interventions, especially in large and remote areas. In this study we used field measurements, RS-based information from Sentinel-2 imagery together with soil and terrain data, to estimate ecosystem service supply and evaluate integrated ecological restoration interventions. We based our research on the arid, rural landscape of the Baviaanskloof Hartland Bawarea Conservancy, South Africa, where several integrated interventions have been implemented in areas where decades of small livestock farming has led to extensive land degradation. Interventions included i) long term livestock exclusion, ii) revegetating of degraded areas, iii) a combination of these two, and iv) essential oil production as alternatives to goat and sheep farming. We assessed six ecosystem services linked to the objectives of the interventions: erosion prevention, climate regulation, regulation of water flows, provision of forage, biomass for essential oil production, and the sense of place through presence of native species. We first estimated the ecosystem service supply based on field measurements. Secondly, we explored the relationships between ecosystem services quantities derived from the field measurements with 13 Sentinel-2 indices and four soil and terrain variables. We then selected the best fitting model for each ecosystem service. Finally, we compared the supply of ecosystem services between intervened and non-intervened sites. Results showed that models based on Sentinel-2 indices, combined with slope information, can estimate ecosystem services supply in the study area even when the levels of field-based ecosystem services supplies are low. The RS-based models can assess ecosystem services more accurately when their indicators mainly depend on green vegetation, such as for erosion prevention and provision of forage. The agricultural fields presented high variability between plots on the provision of ecosystem services. The use of Sentinel-2 vegetation indices and terrain data to quantify ecosystem services is a first step towards improving the monitoring and assessment of restoration interventions. Our results showed that in the study area, livestock exclusion lead to a consistent increase in most ecosystem services. RI Willemen, Louise/AAC-7935-2019 OI Willemen, Louise/0000-0003-1026-5865; /0000-0002-7249-3778 SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 113 AR 106182 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106182 UT WOS:000523335900078 ER PT J AU Donazar, JA Cortes-Avizanda, A Ceballos, O Arrondo, E Grande, JM Serrano, D AF Donazar, J. A. Cortes-Avizanda, A. Ceballos, O. Arrondo, E. Grande, J. M. Serrano, D. TI Epizootics and sanitary regulations drive long-term changes in fledgling body condition of a threatened vulture SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS AB Epizootics and deliberate changes in policies affecting the environment may affect large groups of species and the functioning of entire ecosystems. Although these effects often overlap in time, their simultaneous effect is rarely examined despite their importance as causes of current biodiversity loss. Here, based on the monitoring of an Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) population over thirty-three years (1986-2018), we increase our knowledge about the effects of anthropogenic-induced changes in food availability, both direct (sanitary policies limiting livestock carcass disposal) and indirect (a wild rabbit epizootic), on brood size and body condition of fledglings at nests. We compared the body mass of fledglings of broods with one chick (Single) and two chicks (within which we distinguished First and Second-hatched). The mass of Second-hatched chicks decreased after the plummet in rabbit populations (in the year 1990) and the regulations limiting carcass disposal (2005), reaching minimum values during the period with lowest food availability (i.e. 2005-2013). Recent sanitary legislation allowing carcass disposal by farmers coincides with a slight recovery in the observed body masses. Overall, this study shows that environmental changes of disparate origin can have synergistic effects on individual condition. Conservation of endangered vultures will require multi-targeted conservation plans aimed at ensuring nutritional requirements, in addition to detailed long-term monitoring, in order to detect obscure/masked drivers that affect body condition of fledglings. RI ; CORTES-AVIZANDA, AINARA/C-6634-2013 OI Grande, Juan Manuel/0000-0002-8183-0780; CORTES-AVIZANDA, AINARA/0000-0002-9674-6434 SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 113 AR 106188 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106188 UT WOS:000523335900041 ER PT J AU Gorski, P Gadek, B Gabka, M AF Gorski, Piotr Gadek, Bogdan Gabka, Maciej TI Snow as a parameter of bryophyte niche partitioning in snow-beds of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS AB Understanding relationships between microclimate and bryophyte species diversity in alpine conditions creates a background for investigation into the response of vegetation to potential climate changes and anthropogenic pressure. This study presents the reaction of spore-bearing plants (liverworts and mosses) to the main thermal gradients in the snow-beds of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) and the mechanisms behind these response patterns. The results were based on direct, year-long temperature measurements in 47 permanent plots located at sites where the plant cover is formed largely by bryophytes. Data were gathered in 2010-2013 using Onset Hobo Pro v.2 temperature data loggers. Habitat variables i.e. seasonal snow cover duration (SCD), zero curtain period (ZC) and July mean ground surface temperature (MGST_VII) were determined using the ground surface temperature (GST) method. Additionally, the sum of potential incoming solar radiation in July (PISR_VII) was analysed on the basis of the localisation of permanent plots. Using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), we analysed the relationships between the species composition and the microclimatic variables. The generalised additive model (GAM) was employed to investigate the response curves of bryophyte species to snow parameters (SCD and ZC). Humidity (expressed as ZC temperature parameter) proved to have the highest impact on the distribution of bryophytes in snow-beds. Moreover, ground temperature in the vegetative season (in July, MGST_VII) and altitude had statistically significant effects. The responses of liverworts to microclimate gradients were more varied in comparison with those of the mosses. Humidity significantly affects the occurrence of the species of both groups in snow-beds. However, mosses respond to ground temperature (MGST_VII), whereas liverworts respond to SCD, and this distinguishes the niches of these groups. The ZC is a significant parameter affecting plant functional group composition, demonstrating a high relationship between cryptogamic plants and alpine climate. Pohlia ludwigii, Nardia breidleri and Moerckia blyttii prefer the high humidity of the snow-beds, while Marsupella condensata, M. apiculata and Pohlia drummondii are associated with dry habitats. OI Gadek, Bogdan/0000-0002-8755-9119 SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 113 AR 106258 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106258 UT WOS:000523335900085 ER PT J AU Loto, D Bravo, S AF Loto, Dante Bravo, Sandra TI Species composition, structure, and functional traits in Argentine Chaco forests under two different disturbance histories SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS AB Over the last two decades, the Chaco region has experienced accelerated land-conversion processes that have developed into a mosaic of disturbances attributable to fires, forest logging, and livestock grazing in its native forests. In this paper, we describe the species composition and structure of two forests in semi-arid Argentine Chaco. Both forests have kept two different land uses in the last three decades: (a) a protected area (NR-Pizarro), and (b) an experimental area (ER-Inta) with land management practices. We analyse changes in species composition and plant functional traits as a response to disturbance history. We differentiate the disturbance history of the last 30 years in both sampling sites. To measure the plant communities, we used transects. We determined species, plant stem diameter, and height of 1315 woody plants> 1 cm in diameter. Selected plant functional traits included: growth form, number of stems, spinescence, intensity of sprouts, and leaf texture. We registered 36 native woody species belonging to the Fabaceae and Capparaceae families. We found differences in the species composition of both sampling areas. Plant diameter and height averages decreased when comparing the protected area to the experimental area. Shrubby growth form, coriaceous leaves, absence of spines, and low sprouts were more frequent in the protected area. By contrast, in the experimental area, subshrubs, spines, and high sprouts prevailed. We reaffirmed the gradient of disturbances in both areas. A broader separation in plant functional traits occurred in the two sampling areas due to disturbance histories. SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 113 AR 106232 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106232 UT WOS:000523335900088 ER PT J AU Mjaerum, A AF Mjaerum, Axel TI The emergence of mixed farming in eastern Norway SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY REVIEW AB Farming societies in large parts of northern Europe until the last century were founded on a close integration between livestock breeding and the cultivation of arable land. The emergence of this mixed farming economy represented a fundamental change in the history of the region. The main aim of this paper is to study this process of transformation in greater detail by using statistical modelling of radiocarbon dates and results from excavations in eastern Norway. The article discusses the details of a clear shift in farming traditions 1000-500 BC, including a large-scale expansion of farming land into areas of stone-rich moraine. It concludes that this represents the emergence of farming systems practised until recently in eastern Norway and that this change was an important part of the social and cultural developments that took place in the last part of the Bronze Age in Northern Europe. SN 0002-1490 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 68 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 UT WOS:000523555800001 ER PT J AU dos Santos, DA Oliveira, LRG Fraga, TJM Sobrinho, MAD Juca, JFT AF dos Santos Filho, Derovil Antonio Galdino Oliveira, Lais Roberta Marques Fraga, Tiago Jose da Motta Sobrinho, Mauricio Alves Thome Juca, Jose Fernando TI Development of a horizontal reactor with radial agitation to synthesize bio-methane from biomass waste and domestic sewage sludge SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Aiming to produce clean energy from biomass, we devised an anaerobic horizontal reactor for the production of biomethane from an innovative combination of agricultural and livestock residues with domestic sewage sludge. Differently from conventional reactors, the horizontal reactor was designed with a radial agitator with finned rectangular blades and a gas chamber to ease CH4 capture. Moisture content in biomass was nearly 90% in acclimation and co-digestion processes. In addition, the pH varied as the substrate was added from 8.5 to 7.55 (fruit and vegetable residue pH was 4.80) and during the digestion process the pH dropped to 5.70 by a Hydraulic Retention Time of 30 days. The reaction system had alkalinized without the use of chemicals, at a pH of 7.60 by the end of the experiment. The acclimated inoculum was processed for a period of 120 days, and produced 254.35 NL of biogas in the anaerobic horizontal reactor. Moreover, the reactor produced 965.55 NL of biogas with the mixture of Acclimated Inoculum, Solid Organic Residue and Domestic Sewage Sludge. The maximum methane concentration of 86% was observed after 73 days, whilst the final methane content was 82% (after 120 days). The reaction process resulted in a biogas production of 0.47 Nm(3)/kgVS and 0.39 Nm(3)CH(4)/kgVS (normalized cubic meters of methane per kilogram of volatile solids). In addition, the net biogas production of the horizontal reactor was 711.20 NL with a rate of 27.59 (NL/day). Finally, a reduction in H2S concentration was observed after the methane concentration had reached about 65%. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Fraga, Tiago/Y-4583-2018 OI Fraga, Tiago/0000-0002-5683-7307; Oliveira, Lais Roberta Galdino de Oliveira/0000-0003-3120-2919; Santos Filho, Derovil/0000-0002-5827-5694 SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 257 AR 120616 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120616 UT WOS:000522383500052 ER PT J AU Li, J Feng, SY Luo, TY Guan, ZF AF Li, Jing Feng, Shuyi Luo, Tianyuan Guan, Zhengfei TI What drives the adoption of sustainable production technology? Evidence from the large scale farming sector in East China SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Sustainable agricultural production technologies such as formula fertilizer and soil testing have caught attentions from government agencies and scholars as a potential solution to environmental problems associated with overuse of fertilizers. A lack of motivation from farmers has slowed the adoption of sustainable technologies in China, resulting in continued deterioration of the rural environment. Recently, China's agriculture is experiencing rapid consolidation due to structural adjustments and labor migration. Large scale farming is becoming a major force for promoting sustainable rural development and agricultural production. This study applies the theory of planned behavior to explain the adoption of formula fertilizer and soil testing technology among 690 large scale producers in Eastern China. The path analysis shows the attitude, subjective norm (perceived social pressure), and perceived behavior control (perceived ability or risk) significantly increase farmers' adoption intention. The only path that determines the actual behavior directly is behavioral intention. These findings suggest that, in addition to social, economic and institutional factors, policies aiming at promoting sustainable agricultural production should address the psychological dimensions of technology adoption. Effective approaches should be developed to cultivate farmers' positive attitudes, social norms consciousness, perceived abilities, as well as reduce perceived risks to increase their interests in adopting the technology. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 257 AR 120611 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120611 UT WOS:000522383500015 ER PT J AU Fu, XD Wei, XY Xiao, MS Han, ZL Secundo, F Mou, HJ AF Fu, Xiaodan Wei, Xinyi Xiao, Mengshi Han, Zhenlian Secundo, Francesco Mou, Haijin TI Properties of hydrolyzed guar gum fermented in vitro with pig fecal inocula and its favorable impacts on microbiota SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB In order to identify an appropriate substitute for antibiotic use in livestock production, this study investigates the fermentation of guar gum and its low molecular weight hydrolyzed derivatives (GMLP-1, 1-10 kDa; GMLP-2, < 1 kDa) in pig fecal cultures and the associated effects on the intestinal microbiota. Both the non-hydrolyzed guar gum and GMLP were quickly utilized by fecal microbiota. GMLP-2 showed the most rapid SCFA-producing activity and produced higher concentrations of lactate, acetate, and propionate. However, GMLP-1 showed the highest yield of total SCFAs and butyrate. Both the guar gum and GMLP groups improved the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Bifidobacterium, but the most significant enhancement was observed with GMLP-1. This study showed that by associating with its chemical structure, GMLP-1 can be utilized to direct a targeted promotion of the intestinal microbiota and may offer the most favorable effects in livestock production. RI Mou, Haijin/I-8567-2018 OI Mou, Haijin/0000-0003-3667-1562 SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 237 AR 116116 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116116 UT WOS:000522387000039 PM 32241396 ER PT J AU Munawar, N Mahmood, T Rivadeneira, P Akhter, A Mehmood, S AF Munawar, Nadeem Mahmood, Tariq Rivadeneira, Paula Akhter, Ali Mehmood, Saqib TI Non-Crop Vegetation as Habitat for Rodents in the Agricultural Landscape of Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY AB The community structure and richness of rodent populations in agricultural areas are related to variables such as habitat structure and complexity, temperature, rainfall, crop productivity, predation, trampling and grazing, surrounding landscape, and succession of the natural wild vegetation. Livestock grazing, cutting, harvesting (for fuel wood and animal feed) and burning of field boundary vegetation are common practices that affect rodents and their habitat. During crop season, local farmers in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem in Pakistan do not manage wild vegetation on the field edges, and that may impact rodent populations near their fields. This study was conducted to examine the effect of adjacent non-crop vegetation on rodent populations in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem in Pakistan. Over 14 months, vegetation analysis was conducted using the quadrate method to record the vegetation around rodents' active burrows at field boundaries. The dominant wild vegetation included Cynodon dactylon, Saccharum gnffithii, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Dichanthium annulatum, Desmostachya bipinnata, Imperata cylindrical, Ziziphus nummularia, Achyranthes aspera, Calotropis procera, Sorghum halepense and Capparis deciduas. This vegetation supported the year-round population of rodents in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem by providing shelter, cover, and food. The data suggest that further research is needed to test various ecologically-based rodent management strategies e.g. management of non-crop habitats, cleaning of crop cache in post harvested fields, management of wild natural vegetation providing food and cover during non-crop seasons that would seem essential to maintenance of habitats for rodent species in agricultural landscapes RI Munawar, Nadeem/AAM-4345-2020 SN 0030-9923 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1015 EP 1021 DI 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190206230250 UT WOS:000521731600022 ER PT J AU Shi, C Zhang, JL Teng, GH AF Shi, Chen Zhang, Jianlong Teng, Guanghui TI Division of Pig Growth Stages According to Body Component Variation using Computer Vision SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY AB The body measurements of pigs are the important part of precision livestock farming that closely related to the growth characteristics and traits. It is significant for monitoring and understanding the pig growth at different stages effectively. In this study, the experiment adopted a management and data acquisition system based on LabVIEW, which automatically acquired and recorded the body measurements and body weights of 30 pigs during 90-day grower-finisher stage. Three body ratios between two each body measurements showed that the body length and width were the major parts of growth and development of pigs during 70 to 110 days old. The growth stages of grower and finisher were divided by three normalized body ratios. The exact agreement with two experienced observers reached 80% and 85% on body ratio between height at hip and hip width, 75% and 80% on body ratio between body length and height at hip, 50% and 45% on body ratio between body length and hip width, respectively. The statistical analysis of the body ratios could be used for dividing the different growth stages that replaces the body weight or growth day method. It also can provide a scientific foundation for precision feeding and automatic management of individual pig that could be applied in the real farm. SN 0030-9923 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1078 DI 10.17582/journal.pjz/20191108061105 UT WOS:000521731600029 ER PT J AU Foong, SY Liew, RK Yang, YF Cheng, YW Yek, PNY Mahari, WAW Lee, XY Han, CS Vo, DVN Le, QV Aghbashlo, M Tabatabaei, M Sonne, C Peng, WX Lam, SS AF Foong, Shin Ying Liew, Rock Keey Yang, Yafeng Cheng, Yoke Wang Yek, Peter Nai Yuh Mahari, Wan Adibah Wan Lee, Xie Yi Han, Chai Sean Vo, Dai-Viet N. Quyet Van Le Aghbashlo, Mortaza Tabatabaei, Meisam Sonne, Christian Peng, Wanxi Lam, Su Shiung TI Valorization of biomass waste to engineered activated biochar by microwave pyrolysis: Progress, challenges, and future directions SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL AB Biomass waste represents the promising surrogate of fossil fuels for energy recovery and valorization into value-added products. Among thermochemical conversion techniques of biomass, pyrolysis appears to be most alluring owing to its low pollutant emission and diverse products formation. The current pyrolysis applications for valorization of biomass waste is reviewed, covering the key concepts, pyrolysis mode, operating parameters and products. To date, existing types of pyrolysis include conventional pyrolysis (poor heat transfer due to non- selective heating), vacuum pyrolysis (lower process temperature because of vacuum), solar pyrolysis (entirely "green" with solar-powered), and a newly touted microwave pyrolysis. In microwave pyrolysis of biomass, the heat transfer is more efficient as the heat is generated within the core of material by the interaction of microwave with biomass. The plausible mechanisms of microwave heating are dipole polarization, ionic conduction and interfacial polarization. The lack of top-tier reactor design is identified as the main obstacle that impedes the commercialization of microwave pyrolysis in biomass recycling. Based on the existing works, it is surmised that microwave pyrolysis of biomass produces solid biochar as a main product. To confront the great market demand of activated biochar, it is proposed that the solid char could be upgraded into engineered activated biochar with desirable properties for wide application in pollution control, catalysis and energy storage. Hence, the production of engineered activated biochar from microwave pyrolysis process and its applications are reviewed and explicitly discussed to fill the research gap, and the key implications for future development are highlighted. RI Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Mahari, Wan Adibah Wan/U-8502-2019; Cheng, Yoke Wang/O-2431-2019; Vo, Dai-Viet N./P-3562-2017; Van Le, Quyet/AAN-3619-2020; Liew, Keey/L-8082-2017; Le, Quyet/AAH-6385-2020 OI Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Mahari, Wan Adibah Wan/0000-0002-0183-9778; Vo, Dai-Viet N./0000-0001-9064-7016; Van Le, Quyet/0000-0002-4313-301X; Liew, Keey/0000-0002-8858-237X; SN 1385-8947 EI 1873-3212 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 389 AR 124401 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2020.124401 UT WOS:000519528800149 ER PT J AU Tibcherani, M Aranda, R Mello, RL AF Tibcherani, Mariah Aranda, Rodrigo Mello, Ramon Luciano TI Time to go home: The temporal threshold in the regeneration of the ant community in the Brazilian savanna SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY AB The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of succession stages of regeneration of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) on the richness, diversity, trophic guilds, and community composition of ants looking for taxonomic and functional changes in the community. The areas included an active pasture that had been created within the past six months, areas with several years of abandonment with different degrees of natural Brazilian savanna regeneration (from 2 to 15 years), and two large remnants of native forest that had been preserved for at least 40 years. Collections were carried out in 56 plots using sardine baits and an active search for a period of one hour in each plot. In addition to calculating the regeneration age, we evaluated successional stages by measuring vegetal characteristics in each plot. A total of 60 species was obtained, distributed in 28 genera and 8 subfamilies, and these demonstrated a direct association with the regeneration age of the areas, as well as their richness and diversity of ants. Areas with initial regeneration showed a greater proportion of generalist species and, as plant succession increased, generalist species decreased. A temporal threshold of 5-6 years for regeneration age was observed, when the community structure tended to stabilize. We observed that the maintenance of a minimum quantity of vegetation in areas destined for livestock can efficiently preserve ant diversity. RI Aranda, Rodrigo/AAO-5013-2020 OI Aranda, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4392-6423 SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 150 AR 103451 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103451 UT WOS:000512886800010 ER PT J AU Malm, LE Pearce-Higgins, JW Littlewood, NA Karley, AJ Karaszewska, E Jaques, R Pakeman, RJ Redpath, SM Evans, DM AF Malm, Lisa E. Pearce-Higgins, James W. Littlewood, Nick A. Karley, Alison J. Karaszewska, Ewa Jaques, Robert Pakeman, Robin J. Redpath, Stephen M. Evans, Darren M. TI Livestock grazing impacts components of the breeding productivity of a common upland insectivorous passerine: Results from a long-term experiment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY AB The intensity of pastoral management in areas of High Nature Value farming is declining in some regions of Europe but increasing in others. This affects open habitats of conservation concern, such as the British uplands, where bird species that benefit from low-intensity grazing may be most sensitive to such polarization. While experimental manipulations of livestock grazing intensities have improved our understanding of upland breeding bird responses in the short term, none have examined the long-term impacts of altered management on reproductive success. Using a replicated landscape-scale experiment that started in 2003, we investigated the effects of four grazing treatments (intensive sheep; low-intensity sheep; low-intensity mixed sheep and cattle; and no grazing) on the breeding productivity of meadow pipits Anthus pratensis, the most common upland passerine. Surveys were carried out systematically during early (2003 and 2004) and late (2015 and 2016) sampling periods of the experiment to compare the short- and long-term effects of grazing treatments on breeding density and productivity of pipits specifically, but also on the overall bird community. Pipit breeding density was lowest under low-intensity sheep grazing while the highest egg-stage nest survival was observed in the same treatment, although no significant treatment effects were detected on overall nest survival or fledgling output. There were no significant differences in treatment effects between the sampling periods on any breeding variable, but overall nest survival was lower in the later sampling period across all treatments. Breeding bird species richness differed between treatments in the later sampling period, with highest species richness in the ungrazed treatment. Synthesis and applications. Livestock grazing management can have different outcomes for different upland birds. Our results showed that, with time, meadow pipit breeding productivity tended to be higher when sheep grazing intensity was reduced and/or mixed with cattle, and lower when livestock were removed, but not significantly so. Removal of grazing, however, can significantly increase bird species richness. The long-term experiment showed an overall decline in fledglings regardless of grazing treatments, potentially a result of increased predator numbers harboured by nearby developing woodland, highlighting the importance of considering wider landscape processes in grazing management decisions. RI ; Pakeman, Robin/P-7338-2015 OI Littlewood, Nick/0000-0003-4461-8833; Pakeman, Robin/0000-0001-6248-4133 SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.13647 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000536443900001 ER PT J AU Bai, HH Yin, YT Addison, J Hou, YL Wang, LH Hou, XY AF Bai Haihua Yin Yanting Addison, Jane Hou Yulu Wang Linhe Hou Xiangyang TI Market opportunities do not explain the ability of herders to meet livelihood objectives over winter on the Mongolian Plateau SO JOURNAL OF ARID LAND AB Drylands under pastoral land use are considered one of the most vulnerable social-ecological systems to global climate change, but the abilities of different adaptive strategies to adapt to the impacts of different extreme weather events on herders' livelihood have received little attention in the drylands. Herders on the Mongolian Plateau (MP; including Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and Mongolia), have had a long history of adapting climatic variability and extreme weather events. However, it is unclear how changes such as increased levels of infrastructure and market integration affect the ability of herders to achieve the two key livelihood objectives: the minimisation of the death and abortion rates of livestock in the winter. Here, we used remotely sensed and household survey data to map, model and explore the climate exposure and sensitivity of herders in the settled area (Inner Mongolia of China) and nomadic area (Mongolia) in the winter of 2012-2013. We aimed to quantify the multi-scaled characteristics of both climate exposure and sensitivity through the lens of key adaptive strategies utilized by herders. Our results showed that the higher levels of infrastructure and market integration, and the lower levels of remoteness on the MP did not increase the herders' ability to achieve the two key livelihood objectives. Our results also suggested that exposure to the snow that is comparatively greater than the long-term average (cumulative exposure) may be more important in determining the social-ecological vulnerability than absolute exposure. We suggested that neither the risk management strategies available to these herders, nor the demographic variables, could compensate for the mode of production governing the pastoral systems. Our study could provide further evidence for the complex and scaled nature of climate exposure and sensitivity, and the results imply that any analysis of the relationship between exposure, sensitivity and vulnerability of pastoral households to climate change in the drylands will require a multi-scaled and interdisciplinary approach. SN 1674-6767 EI 2194-7783 DI 10.1007/s40333-020-0122-6 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000536752200001 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wang, XW Zhang, ZJ An, QM Wen, YF Wang, DH Liu, X Li, ZM Lyu, SJ Li, LJ Wang, EY Ru, BR Xu, ZJ Huang, YZ AF Xu, Zijie Wang, Xianwei Zhang, Zijing An, Qingming Wen, Yifan Wang, Dahui Liu, Xian Li, Zhiming Lyu, Shijie Li, Lijuan Wang, Eryao Ru, Baorui Xu, Zejun Huang, Yongzhen TI Copy number variation of CADM2 gene revealed its association with growth traits across Chinese Capra hircus (goat) populations SO GENE AB Copy number variations (CNVs) are the wide structural variations ranging from 50 bp to several Mb at genome which can affect gene expression and further impacting growth and development traits of livestock. Comparing with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), CNVs can better explain the genetic and phenotypic diversity, are increasingly important in biological research. As a member of immunoglobulin super-family, cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) plays a vital role in cancer development and metabolic regulation. Here, we tested the CNV of CADM2 gene in 443 goats across five breeds (Guizhou white goat, GZW; Guizhou black goat, GZB; Africa Nubian goat, AN; Boer goat x Huai goat, BH; Boer goat, BG) and detected its association with phenotypic traits. Subsequently, we analyzed the CADM2 gene expression level in different tissues of NB goats (n = 3, Nubian x Black) and the transcriptional expression in lung is much higher than others. The results showed that the CNV of CADM2 has a significant association with withers height and body length in GZB goat (P < 0.01), in which individuals with type of deletion were superior to those with duplication or normal type in term of body hight and body length (P < 0.01). In summary, this study confirmed the association between CNV of CADM2 gene and growth traits, and our research data indicated the CADM2-CNV may considered as a prospective candidate for the molecular marker-assisted selection breeding of goat growth traits, which conducived to accelerating the genetic amelioration in Chinese goats. SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 PD MAY 30 PY 2020 VL 741 AR 144519 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144519 UT WOS:000526116400003 PM 32126252 ER PT J AU Itoh, T Iwabuchi, K Maemoku, N Chen, SY Taniguro, K AF Itoh, Takanori Iwabuchi, Kazunori Maemoku, Naohiro Chen, Siyao Taniguro, Katsumori TI Role of ambient pressure in self-heating torrefaction of dairy cattle manure SO PLOS ONE AB This paper describes the role of ambient pressure in self-heating torrefaction of livestock manure. We explored the initiating temperatures required to cause self-heating of wet dairy cattle manure at different ambient pressures (0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 MPa). Then, we conducted proximate, elemental, and calorific analyses of biochar torrefied at 210, 250, and 290 degrees C. The results showed that self-heating was induced at 155 degrees C or higher for 0.1 MPa and at 115 degrees C or lower for 0.4 MPa or higher. The decrease of the initiating temperature at elevated pressure was due not only to more oxygen, but also to the retention of moisture that can promote chemical oxidation of manure. Biochar yields decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature and pressure, and the yield difference at 0.1 and 1.0 MPa was more substantial at lower temperatures: a 29.8, 16.4, and 9.4% difference at 210, 250, and 290 degrees C, respectively. Proximate and elemental analyses showed that elevated pressure promotes devolatilization, deoxygenation, and coalification compared to atmospheric pressure; its impact, however, was less at higher temperatures as the torrefaction temperature became more dominant. Calorific analysis revealed that elevated pressure can increase the higher heating value (HHV) on a dry and ash-free basis at 210 degrees C because of the increase in carbon content, but its impact is limited at 250 and 290 degrees C. Meanwhile, the HHV on a dry basis exhibited the opposite trend due primarily to an enlargement of ash content. The present study revealed that ambient pressure considerably affects the initiating temperature of self-heating and the chemical properties of biochar at a low torrefaction temperature. RI ITOH, Takanori/C-5565-2015 OI ITOH, Takanori/0000-0003-0576-3720 SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 29 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0233027 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0233027 UT WOS:000537552800040 PM 32469994 ER PT J AU Martinez-Guijosa, J Romero, B Infantes-Lorenzo, JA Diez, E Boadella, M Balseiro, A Veiga, M Navarro, D Moreno, I Ferreres, J Dominguez, M Fernandez, C Dominguez, L Gortazar, C AF Martinez-Guijosa, Jordi Romero, Beatriz Infantes-Lorenzo, Jose Antonio Diez, Elena Boadella, Mariana Balseiro, Ana Veiga, Miguel Navarro, David Moreno, Inmaculada Ferreres, Javier Dominguez, Mercedes Fernandez, Cesar Dominguez, Lucas Gortazar, Christian TI Environmental DNA: A promising factor for tuberculosis risk assessment in multi-host settings SO PLOS ONE AB Attaining and maintaining the Official Tuberculosis Free status continues to be a challenge when several domestic and wild hosts contribute to the maintenance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Local tuberculosis hotspots are sometimes identified in cattle in low-prevalence regions. We have, therefore, studied one such hotspot in depth in order to produce an epidemiological diagnosis. Host population size and MTC prevalence were estimated in selected wildlife and in livestock, while on-cattle environmental DNA detection was additionally used as a proxy for risk of exposure at the farm (herd) level. Positive skin test reactors were found on16 of the 24 cattle farms studied in the period 2012-2016. Although all goats tested negative to the skin test during this period, MTC was confirmed in four sheep at slaughter, thus indicating an unknown prevalence of infection in this host species. With regard to wildlife, the prevalence of MTC infection based on culture was 8.8% in the case of wild boar (Sus scrofa), and the only road-killed badger (Meles meles) submitted for culture tested positive. Two criteria were employed to divide the cattle farms into higher or lower risk: tuberculosis testing results and environmental DNA detection. Environmental MTC DNA detection yielded significant differences regarding "use of regional pastures" and "proximity to woodland". This study suggests that on-animal environmental DNA sampling may help when assessing contact risk as regards MTC in livestock at the herd level. This tool opens up new avenues of epidemiological research in complex multi-host settings. RI ; Martinez-Guijosa, Jordi/Q-6815-2016 OI Veiga, Miguel/0000-0002-4115-5987; Martinez-Guijosa, Jordi/0000-0002-9553-7673 SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 29 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0233837 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0233837 UT WOS:000537552800192 PM 32470035 ER PT J AU Otiang, E Campbell, ZA Thumbi, SM Njagi, LW Nyaga, PN Palmer, GH AF Otiang, Elkanah Campbell, Zoe A. Thumbi, Samuel M. Njagi, Lucy W. Nyaga, Philip N. Palmer, Guy H. TI Mortality as the primary constraint to enhancing nutritional and financial gains from poultry: A multi-year longitudinal study of smallholder farmers in western Kenya SO PLOS ONE AB Background Chickens are a widely held economic and nutritional asset in rural Africa and are frequently managed by women. Despite potential benefits of larger flock sizes, the average number of chickens kept at the household level is reported to be low. Whether this reflects decision making to maximize benefits per unit labor by voluntary reduction of chicken numbers by consumption or sale versus involuntary losses due to mortality is a significant gap in knowledge relevant to improving smallholder household welfare. Methods In a 4-year longitudinal study of 1,908 smallholder households in rural western Kenya, the number of chickens owned by quarterly census at each household was determined. Households reported gains and losses of chicken over the immediate previous quarter. Gains were classified as on-farm or off-farm; losses were classified as voluntary (sales, gifts, consumption) or involuntary (mortality, unclassified loss). Results The mean number of chickens owned over the 16 quarters was 10, consistent with prior cross-sectional data. Involuntary losses represented 70% of total off-take, while voluntary off-take represented the remaining 30%. Mortality composed 60% of total reported off-take and accounted for most of the involuntary losses. Household consumption, sales, and gifts represented 18%, 9%, and 3% of off-take, respectively. Conclusion The overwhelming majority of off-take can be classified as involuntary off-take, principally due to mortality, that does not reflect the owner's decision to maximize value through nutritional gain, income, or social capital. This strongly suggests that there is substantial opportunity to enhance the value of chickens as an asset, both nutritional and income generating, for smallholder households living at poverty level. Our findings suggest that programs emphasizing community level poultry vaccination and feed supplementation are much more likely to be effective than those solely focused on providing chickens. SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 29 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0233691 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0233691 UT WOS:000537552800137 PM 32470070 ER PT J AU Ssentongo, P Ba, DM Ssentongo, AE Fronterre, C Whalen, A Yang, YX Ericson, JE Chinchilli, VM AF Ssentongo, Paddy Ba, Djibril M. Ssentongo, Anna E. Fronterre, Claudio Whalen, Andrew Yang, Yanxu Ericson, Jessica E. Chinchilli, Vernon M. TI Association of vitamin A deficiency with early childhood stunting in Uganda: A population-based cross-sectional study SO PLOS ONE AB Background Despite the high prevalence of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, their association has not been explored in this region. A better understanding of the epidemiologic link could help define effective preventive strategies. We aimed to explore the association of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) with stunting, wasting, and underweight among preschool children in Uganda. Method We analyzed a population-based, cross-sectional data of 4,765 children aged 6-59 months who participated in 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Uganda. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models with logit link function, adjusting for potential confounders to estimate associations between VAD and stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results The prevalence of VAD was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1% to 9.6%, n = 424). Twenty-seven percent were stunted (95% CI: 26.1% to 28.6, n = 1302), 4% wasted (95% CI: 3.6% to 4.7%, n = 196), and 17% underweight (95% CI: 16.0% to 18.2%, n = 813). After adjusting for household factors (e.g., wealth index, education and working status of parents, owning land for agriculture, livestock, herds, or farm animals), vitamin A supplementation, and community factors (e.g., population density, crop growing season lengths, place of residence), children with VAD had 43% higher odds of stunted growth than those without VAD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.89, p = 0.01). No association was observed between VAD and wasting or underweight. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency was associated with higher odds of stunting, and the association was independent of the individual, household, and community-level variables. RI Whalen, Andrew/O-5043-2018 OI Whalen, Andrew/0000-0002-0782-9300; Ssentongo, Paddy/0000-0003-1565-5731; Fronterre, Claudio/0000-0001-6723-9727 SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 29 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0233615 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0233615 UT WOS:000537552800112 PM 32470055 ER PT J AU Liang, XH Cui, JM Yang, XK Xia, NB Li, YQ Zhao, JL Gupta, N Shen, B AF Liang, Xiaohan Cui, Jianmin Yang, Xuke Xia, Ningbo Li, Yaqiong Zhao, Junlong Gupta, Nishith Shen, Bang TI Acquisition of exogenous fatty acids renders apicoplast-based biosynthesis dispensable in tachyzoites of Toxoplasma SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AB Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of hosts, including livestock and humans. Previous studies have suggested that the type 2 fatty acid synthesis (FAS2) pathway, located in the apicoplast (a nonphotosynthetic plastid relict), is crucial for the parasite's survival. Here we examined the physiological relevance of fatty acid synthesis in T. gondii by focusing on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and malonyl-CoA-[acyl carrier protein] transacylase (FabD), which are located in the apicoplast to drive de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Our results disclosed unexpected metabolic resilience of T. gondii tachyzoites, revealing that they can tolerate CRISPR/Cas9?assisted genetic deletions of three pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits or FabD. All mutants were fully viable in prolonged cultures, albeit with impaired growth and concurrent loss of the apicoplast. Even more surprisingly, these mutants displayed normal virulence in mice, suggesting an expendable role of the FAS2 pathway in vivo. Metabolic labeling of the ?pdh-e1? mutant showed reduced incorporation of glucose-derived carbon into fatty acids with medium chain lengths (C14:0 and C16:0), revealing that FAS2 activity was indeed compromised. Moreover, supplementation of exogenous C14:0 or C16:0 significantly reversed the growth defect in the ?pdh-e1? mutant, indicating salvage of these fatty acids. Together, these results demonstrate that the FAS2 pathway is dispensable during the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma because of its remarkable flexibility in acquiring fatty acids. Our findings question the long-held assumption that targeting this pathway has significant therapeutic potential for managing Toxoplasma infections. OI Gupta, Nishith/0000-0003-1452-5126 SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X PD MAY 29 PY 2020 VL 295 IS 22 BP 7743 EP 7752 DI 10.1074/jbc.RA120.013004 UT WOS:000538038900014 PM 32341123 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Kim, SW Han, JS Shin, SP Lee, SI Park, TS AF Lee, Jeong Hyo Kim, Seo Woo Han, Ji Seon Shin, Seung Pyo Lee, Sang In Park, Tae Sub TI Functional analyses of miRNA-146b-5p during myogenic proliferation and differentiation in chicken myoblasts SO BMC MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY AB Background In the poultry and livestock industries, precise genetic information is crucial for improving economic traits. Thus, functional genomic studies help to generate faster, healthier, and more efficient animal production. Chicken myoblast cells, which are required for muscle development and regeneration, are particularly important because chicken growth is closely related to muscle mass. Results In this study, we induced expression of microRNA-146b-5p mediated by the piggyBac transposon system in primary chicken myoblast (pCM) cells. Subsequently, we analyzed and compared the proliferation and differentiation capacity and also examined the expression of related genes in regular pCM (rpCM) cells and pCM cells overexpressing miRNA-146b-5p (pCM-146b OE cells). pCM-146b OE cells showed increased proliferation and upregulated gene expression related to cell proliferation. In addition, next-generation sequencing analyses were performed to compare global gene expression patterns between rpCM cells and pCM-146b OE cells. We found that the higher proliferation in pCM-146b OE cells was the result of upregulation of gene sets related to the cell cycle. Moreover, miRNA-146b-5p overexpression had inhibitory effects on myotube differentiation in pCM cells. Conclusions Collectively these results demonstrate that miR-146b-5p is closely related to the proliferation and differentiation of chicken myogenic cells as a modulator of post-transcription. OI Lee, Jeong Hyo/0000-0002-1848-5347 EI 2661-8850 PD MAY 29 PY 2020 VL 21 IS 1 AR 40 DI 10.1186/s12860-020-00284-z UT WOS:000538372000001 PM 32471354 ER PT J AU Abdel-Tawab, H Abdel-Haleem, HM Abdel-Baki, AAS Al-Quraishy, S El-Mallah, AM AF Abdel-Tawab, Heba Abdel-Haleem, Heba M. Abdel-Baki, Abdel-Azeem S. Al-Quraishy, Saleh El-Mallah, Almahy M. TI Anticoccidial and Antioxidant Activities of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Murine Intestinal Eimeriosis SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA AB Background Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria and responsible for considerable economic loss in the livestock and poultry industries. Resistance to the current anticoccidial drugs is now a major challenge to efforts to control the disease, and this has stimulated the search for new compounds as alternative treatments. In this context, plant extracts have emerged as an alternative and complementary approach to control coccidiosis. In the present study, an ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was screened for its anticoccidial activity against Eimeria papillata infection in mice. Methods To this end, albino mice were allocated into three groups: the first group was the non-infected control; the second and third groups were infected with 10(3)E. papillata oocysts. Of these, the second group was kept as an infected control; while the third group was gavaged with 100 mu l of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at a dose of 400 mg MLE/kg, once daily, for five days. Results MLE significantly suppressed oocyst excretion in faeces, and histological study of the jejunum showed a significant decrease in the number of parasitic stages, with significant improvement in the numbers of goblet cells. Furthermore, the expression of MUC2 gene was upregulated in the treated mice compared with infected, which further supports the anticoccidial potential of MLE. Moreover, our study evidenced that MLE reduced oxidative damage by decreasing TBARS and iNOS expression, and increasing the GSH and GPX levels. Also, treatment with MLE promoted the expression of Bcl-2 and ultimately, inhibited the apoptosis of host cells in the treated mice. Conclusion Our data indicate that MLE has anticoccidial, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in mice infected with Eimeria papillata. SN 1230-2821 EI 1896-1851 DI 10.2478/s11686-020-00219-w EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000536321800004 PM 32472400 ER PT J AU Knauer, S Koch, N Uth, C Meusinger, R Avrutina, O Kolmar, H AF Knauer, Sascha Koch, Niklas Uth, Christina Meusinger, Reinhard Avrutina, Olga Kolmar, Harald TI Sustainable Peptide Synthesis Enabled by a Transient Protecting Group SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION AB The growing interest in synthetic peptides has prompted the development of viable methods for their sustainable production. Currently, large amounts of toxic solvents are required for peptide assembly from protected building blocks, and switching to water as a reaction medium remains a major hurdle in peptide chemistry. We report an aqueous solid-phase peptide synthesis strategy that is based on a water-compatible 2,7-disulfo-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Smoc) protecting group. This approach enables peptide assembly under aqueous conditions, real-time monitoring of building block coupling, and efficient postsynthetic purification. The procedure for the synthesis of all natural and several non-natural Smoc-protected amino acids is described, as well as the assembly of 22 peptide sequences and the fundamental issues of SPPS, including the protecting group strategy, coupling and cleavage efficiency, stability under aqueous conditions, and crucial side reactions. SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 DI 10.1002/anie.202003676 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535948900001 PM 32324944 ER PT J AU Alak, SE Koseoglu, AE Kandemir, C Taskin, T Demir, S Doskaya, M Un, C Can, H AF Alak, Sedef Erkunt Koseoglu, Ahmet Efe Kandemir, Cagri Taskin, Turgay Demir, Samiye Doskaya, Mert Un, Cemal Can, Huseyin TI High frequency of knockdown resistance mutations in the para gene of cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) samples collected from goats SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH AB Fleas are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. In livestock such as sheep and goat, flea bites cause many clinical signs. Several types of insecticides including pyrethroids are used to struggle against fleas. The widespread use of these insecticides causes an increase in the number of resistant individuals in flea populations. T929V and L1014F mutations corresponding to pyrethroid resistance have been found in the para gene of cat fleas. We aimed to investigate T929V and L1014F mutations in flea samples (n:162) collected from goats in seven different farms where cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, had been used intensively. To achieve this aim, collected flea samples were morphologically identified under a stereo microscope and DNA isolation was conducted by HotSHOT method. Later, a bi-PASA targeting the para gene was applied to identify both mutations in corresponding samples. According to the results obtained, all fleas were Ctenocephalides felis. Frequencies of T929V and L1014F mutations in fleas were 92.6% (150/162) and 95.7% (155/162), respectively. In conclusion, the frequency of mutations related to pyrethroid resistance was very high in the fleas collected from all the farms and it was thought that the high frequency of these mutations can be attributed to intensive use of pyrethroids. RI KANDEMIR, CAGRI/AAQ-7918-2020 OI KANDEMIR, CAGRI/0000-0001-7378-6962 SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 DI 10.1007/s00436-020-06714-3 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000536067000001 PM 32468188 ER PT J AU Armson, B Gubbins, S Mioulet, V Qasim, IA King, DP Lyons, NA AF Armson, Bryony Gubbins, Simon Mioulet, Valerie Qasim, Ibrahim A. King, Donald P. Lyons, Nicholas A. TI Foot-and-Mouth Disease Surveillance Using Pooled Milk on a Large-Scale Dairy Farm in an Endemic Setting SO FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE AB Pooled milk is used for the surveillance of several diseases of livestock. Previous studies demonstrated the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in the milk of infected animals at high dilutions, and consequently, the collection of pooled milk samples could be used to enhance FMD surveillance. This study evaluated pooled milk for FMDV surveillance on a large-scale dairy farm that experienced two FMD outbreaks caused by the A/ASIA/G-VII and O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d lineages, despite regular vaccination and strict biosecurity practices. FMDV RNA was detected in 42 (5.7%) of the 732 pooled milk samples, and typing information was concordant with diagnostic reports of clinical disease. The FMDV positive milk samples were temporally clustered around reports of new clinical cases, but with a wider distribution. For further investigation, a model was established to predict real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) C(T)values using individual cattle movement data, clinical disease records and virus excretion data from previous experimental studies. The model explained some of the instances where there were positive results by rRT-PCR, but no new clinical cases and suggested that subclinical infection occurred during the study period. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of vaccination on FMDV excretion in milk, and to evaluate more representative sampling methods. However, the results from this pilot study indicate that testing pooled milk by rRT-PCR may be valuable for FMD surveillance and has provided evidence of subclinical virus infection in vaccinated herds that could be important in the epidemiology of FMD in endemic countries where vaccination is used. EI 2297-1769 PD MAY 27 PY 2020 VL 7 AR 264 DI 10.3389/fvets.2020.00264 UT WOS:000540953400001 PM 32537458 ER PT J AU Muraina, TO Jimoh, SO Ewetola, IA Ojo, VOA Amisu, AA Okukenu, OA Adebisi, YA Muraina, HA Olanite, JA AF Muraina, T. O. Jimoh, S. O. Ewetola, I. A. Ojo, V. O. A. Amisu, A. A. Okukenu, O. A. Adebisi, Y. A. Muraina, H. A. Olanite, J. A. TI Mineral composition of two Stylosanthes species oversown in natural pasture: effect of tillage practice and sowing method SO TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION AB Natural pastures are the primary sources of feed for ruminant in southwest Nigeria, but they are of poor quality. Oversowing of legumes could augment the nutrients supplied by the poor forages but this is rarely explored. Here, we oversowed two legumes (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Cook and Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano) into natural pasture using different tillage methods (zero-tillage and minimal tillage) and sowing methods (broadcast or drill), and examined their macro and trace minerals. We found that the two legumes produced similar (p > 0.05) calcium, phosphorus, and potassium in all treatments, while magnesium and sodium contents significantly differ (p < 0.05). The two legumes were generally rich in macrominerals far beyond the requirements of ruminants and low in trace mineral concentrations irrespective of the treatments imposed. Thus, we recommend oversowing of these two legumes into natural pasture for an adequate supply of major minerals and enhanced livestock productivity in the region of study and beyond. Other sources of trace minerals should be assessed if the natural pasture could not supply them. OI Muraina, Taofeek O./0000-0003-2646-2732 SN 0049-4747 EI 1573-7438 DI 10.1007/s11250-020-02305-7 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535849100002 PM 32458353 ER PT J AU Littlewood, KE Beausoleil, NJ Stafford, KJ Stephens, C Collins, T Fawcett, A Hazel, S Lloyd, JKF Mallia, C Richards, L Wedler, NK Zito, S AF Littlewood, K. E. Beausoleil, N. J. Stafford, K. J. Stephens, C. Collins, T. Fawcett, A. Hazel, S. Lloyd, J. K. F. Mallia, C. Richards, L. Wedler, N. K. Zito, S. TI How management of grief associated with ending the life of an animal is taught to Australasian veterinary students SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL AB Objective Veterinarians have an important role in supporting and understanding their clients' grief. Veterinary schools have a duty to teach students how best to manage grief - both that of the students/future veterinarians and the clients. This study explores how grief management, associated with ending the life of an animal, was taught to students in eight Australasian veterinary schools. Methods A questionnaire-style interview guide was used by a representative at each university to conduct structured interviews with educators in a snowball sampling approach. Educators were interviewed about the teaching of grief management for four categories of animals: livestock, equine, companion and avian/wildlife. The terms used by participants to describe what they taught were grouped into common themes. Teaching was defined by individual participants and included structured and unstructured approaches. The stage in the degree (preclinical or clinical years) that grief management was taught in the veterinary curriculum and by whom (e.g. clinicians or psychologists) is also described. Results Grief management was taught more in preclinical than clinical years. However, due to how grief was characterised, much of this teaching was general 'nonspecific' teaching that included all categories of animals. Client grief was taught more generically, whereas, grief of veterinarians was taught using specific examples given by clinicians. Conclusion A more robust end-of-life (EoL) management curriculum that includes all aspects of grief management is likely to increase job satisfaction, client happiness and professional satisfaction. OI Littlewood, Katherine/0000-0002-5315-3305 SN 0005-0423 EI 1751-0813 DI 10.1111/avj.12960 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535488000001 PM 32458445 ER PT J AU Sahibzada, S Pang, S Hernandez-Jover, M Jordan, D Abraham, S O'Dea, M Heller, J AF Sahibzada, Shafi Pang, Stanley Hernandez-Jover, Marta Jordan, David Abraham, Sam O'Dea, Mark Heller, Jane TI Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MRSA across different pig age groups in an intensive pig production system in Australia SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB This observational study aimed to determine MRSA prevalence using strain-specific real-time PCR at the pig level, stratified by age groupings, within a pig enterprise. A total of 658 samples were collected from individual pigs (n = 618) and the piggery environment (n = 40), distributed amongst five different pig age groups. Presumptive MRSA isolates were confirmed by the presence of mecA, and MALDI-TOF was performed for species verification. All isolates were tested against 18 different antimicrobials. MRSA was isolated from 75.2% (95% CI 71.8-78.6) of samples collected from pigs, and 71% of the MRSA isolates from this source were identified as community-associated (CA)-MRSA ST93, while the remainder were livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA ST398. Amongst environmental isolates, 80% (CI 64.3-95.7) were ST93 and the remainder ST398. All MRSA isolates from pigs and the environment were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, mupirocin, rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, teicoplanin and vancomycin. Phenotypic rates of resistance were penicillin (100%), clindamycin (97.6%), erythromycin (96.3%), ceftiofur (93.7%), chloramphenicol (81.2%), tetracycline (63.1%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (63.9%). A low prevalence of resistance (9.2%) was observed against neomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin. The probability of MRSA carriage in dry sows (42.2%) was found to be significantly lower (p < .001) when compared to other age groups: farrowing sows (76.8%, RR1.82), weaners (97.8%, RR 2.32), growers (94.2%, RR 2.23) and finishers (98.3%, RR 2.33). Amongst different production age groups, a significant difference was also found in antimicrobial resistance for amoxicillin-clavulanate, neomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Using the RT-PCR assay adopted in this study, filtering of highly prevalent ST93 and non-ST93 isolates was performed at high throughput and low cost. In conclusion, this study found that weaner pigs presented a higher risk for CA-MRSA and antimicrobial resistance compared to other age groups. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MRSA outbreaks should be approached under the One-Health context. OI Sahibzada, Shafi/0000-0001-7362-8323; Hernandez-Jover, Marta/0000-0001-8803-9062 SN 1863-1959 EI 1863-2378 DI 10.1111/zph.12721 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535515300001 PM 32458580 ER PT J AU Bao, YL Fu, YY Wang, CX Wang, H AF Bao, Yali Fu, Yanyan Wang, Caixia Wang, Hong TI An effective integrated system used in separating for anaerobic digestate and concentrating for biogas slurry SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AB In this work, an integrated system was developed which achieves full-scale separation and valorization for anaerobic digestate of livestock manure, completes anaerobic digestate separation, biogas residue recovery, biogas slurry concentration and water recovery simultaneously. Compared with the centrifugal pretreatment, the particle size of the biogas slurry is reduced significantly via P/I pretreatment, the liquid recovery ratio is increased to 94.0%, this leads to the substantial increase of the entire system nutrients recovery ratio directly. What's even more valuable is the permeate flux of UF membrane is increased for 2.5 times via P/I pretreatment. The results showed that P/I pretreatment had much better effects in solid-liquid separation of biogas slurry, which reduced the load of the subsequent membrane separation unit and enhanced the UF membrane permeation flux greatly. That prolonged the cleaning cycle and service life of the UF membrane. The efficiency of system was validated according to the nutrients recovery ratios, the biogas slurry concentration efficiency, the recovery of water and the pollutants levels of discharged water. The results showed that the total nutrients recovery ratio was about 100%, the concentration ratios of biogas slurry were more than 3.7 (via UF) and 6.6 (via RO), total water recovery ratio was 46.9% (ratio of the discharged water volume to the digestate volume, the COD removal ratio of the discharged water was 99.9%, the contents of COD, TP and TN were 43.6 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L, which reached the nation integrated wastewater discharged standard class I. SN 0959-3330 EI 1479-487X DI 10.1080/09593330.2020.1761457 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000540856800001 PM 32338158 ER PT J AU Li, BJ Yin, D Li, PH Zhang, ZK Zhang, XY Li, HQ Li, RY Hou, LM Liu, HL Wu, WJ AF Li, Bojiang Yin, Di Li, Pinghua Zhang, Zengkai Zhang, Xiying Li, Hongqiang Li, Rongyang Hou, Liming Liu, Honglin Wu, Wangjun TI Profiling and Functional Analysis of Circular RNAs in Porcine Fast and Slow Muscles SO FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AB The different skeletal muscle fiber types exhibit distinctively different physiological and metabolic properties, and have been linked to both human metabolic diseases and meat quality traits in livestock. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous RNA regulating gene expression, but regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscle fibers involved in circRNAs remain poorly understood. Here, we constructed circRNA expression profiles of three fast-twitch biceps femoris (Bf) and three slow-twitch soleus (Sol) muscles in pigs using RNA-seq and identified 16,342 distinct circRNA candidates. Notably, 242 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs between Bf and Sol muscles were identified, including 105 upregulated and 137 downregulated circRNAs, and are thus potential candidates for the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber conversion. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of host genes of DE circRNAs revealed that host genes were mainly involved in skeletal muscle fiber-related GO terms (e.g., muscle contraction, contractile fiber part, and Z disk) and skeletal muscle fiber-related signaling pathways (e.g., AMPK and cGMP-PKG). We also constructed co-expression networks of DE circRNA-miRNA-mRNA using previously acquired high-throughput sequencing mRNA and miRNA data, from which 112 circRNA-miRNA and 95 miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified. Multiple circRNAs essentially serve as a sponge for miR-499-5p, which is preferentially expressed in slow-twitch muscle and reduces the severity of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Taken together, a series of novel candidate circRNAs involved in the growth and development of porcine skeletal muscle was identified. Furthermore, they provide a comprehensive circRNA resource for further in-depth research on the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA in the formation of skeletal muscle fiber, and may provide insights into human skeletal muscle diseases. SN 2296-634X PD MAY 26 PY 2020 VL 8 AR 322 DI 10.3389/fcell.2020.00322 UT WOS:000540593500001 PM 32528948 ER PT J AU Liebe, F Liebe, H Kaessmeyer, S Sponder, G Stumpff, F AF Liebe, Franziska Liebe, Hendrik Kaessmeyer, Sabine Sponder, Gerhard Stumpff, Friederike TI The TRPV3 channel of the bovine rumen: localization and functional characterization of a protein relevant for ruminal ammonia transport SO PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AB Large quantities of ammonia (NH3 or NH4+) are absorbed from the gut, associated with encephalitis in hepatic disease, poor protein efficiency in livestock, and emissions of nitrogenous climate gasses. Identifying the transport mechanisms appears urgent. Recent functional and mRNA data suggest that absorption of ammonia from the forestomach of cattle may involve TRPV3 channels. The purpose of the present study was to sequence the bovine homologue of TRPV3 (bTRPV3), localize the protein in ruminal tissue, and confirm transport of NH4+. After sequencing, bTRPV3 was overexpressed in HEK-293 cells and Xenopus oocytes. An antibody was selected via epitope screening and used to detect the protein in immunoblots of overexpressing cells and bovine rumen, revealing a signal of the predicted similar to 90 kDa. In rumen only, an additional similar to 60 kDa band appeared, which may represent a previously described bTRPV3 splice variant of equal length. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining from the ruminal stratum basale to stratum granulosum. Measurements with pH-sensitive microelectrodes showed that NH4+ acidifies Xenopus oocytes, with overexpression of bTRPV3 enhancing permeability to NH4+. Single-channel measurements revealed that Xenopus oocytes endogenously expressed small cation channels in addition to fourfold-larger channels only observed after expression of bTRPV3. Both endogenous and bTRPV3 channels conducted NH4+, Na+, and K+. We conclude that bTRPV3 is expressed by the ruminal epithelium on the protein level. In conjunction with data from previous studies, a role in the transport of Na+, Ca2+, and NH4+ emerges. Consequences for calcium homeostasis, ruminal pH, and nitrogen efficiency in cattle are discussed. SN 0031-6768 EI 1432-2013 DI 10.1007/s00424-020-02393-2 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000538005400001 PM 32458085 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Wang, BL Kang, LQ Stamatopoulos, A Gu, H Wang, FR AF Liu, Yiyun Wang, Bolun Kang, Liqun Stamatopoulos, Apostolos Gu, Hao Wang, Feng Ryan TI Polyphenylene-Based Solid Acid as an Efficient Catalyst for Activation and Hydration of Alkynes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS AB Porous polymer catalysts possess the potential to combine the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, namely, easy postreaction recycling and high dispersion of active sites. Here, we designed a - SO3H functionalized polyphenylene (PPhen) framework with purely sp(2)-hybridized carbons, which exhibited high activity in the hydration of alkynes including challenging aliphatic substrates such as 1-octyne. The superiority of the structure lies in its covalent crosslink in the xy-plane with a pi-pi stacking interaction between the planes, enabling simultaneously high swellability and porosity (653 m(2).g(-1)). High acidic site density (2.12 mmol.g(-1)) was achieved under a mild sulfonation condition. Similar turnover frequencies (0.015 +/- 0.001 min(-1)) were obtained regardless of acidic density and crosslink content, suggesting high accessibility for all active sites over PPhen. In addition, the substituted benzene groups can activate alkynes through a T-shape CH/pi interaction, as indicated by the 8 and 16 cm(-1) red shift of the alkyne C-H stretching peak for phenylacetylene and 1-octyne, respectively, in the infrared (IR) spectra. These advantages render PPhen-SO3H a promising candidate as a solid catalyst replacing the highly toxic liquid phase acids such as the mercury salt. RI Kang, Liqun/I-1800-2017 OI Kang, Liqun/0000-0003-2100-4310 SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 PD MAY 26 PY 2020 VL 32 IS 10 BP 4375 EP 4382 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01763 UT WOS:000537657500028 PM 32581424 ER PT J AU Bjornham, O Sigg, R Burman, J AF Bjornham, Oscar Sigg, Robert Burman, Jan TI Multilevel model for airborne transmission of foot-and-mouth disease applied to Swedish livestock SO PLOS ONE AB The foot-and-mouth disease is an ever-present hazard to the livestock industry due to the huge economic consequences following an outbreak that necessitates culling of possibly infected animals in vast numbers. The disease is highly contagious and previous epizootics have shown that it spreads by many routes. One such route is airborne transmission, which has been investigated in this study by means of a detailed multilevel model that includes all scales of an outbreak. Local spread within an infected farm is described by a stochastic compartment model while the spread between farms is quantified by atmospheric dispersion simulations using a network representation of the set of farms. The model was applied to the Swedish livestock industry and the risk for an epizootic outbreak in Sweden was estimated using the basic reproduction number of each individual livestock-holding farm as the end-point metric. The study was based on comprehensive official data sets for both the current livestock holdings and regional meteorological conditions. Three species of farm animals are susceptible to the disease and are present in large numbers: cattle, pigs and sheep. These species are all included in this study using their individual responses and consequences to the disease. It was concluded that some parts of southern Sweden are indeed preconditioned to harbor an airborne epizootic, while the sparse farm population of the north renders such events unlikely to occur there. The distribution of the basic reproduction number spans over several orders of magnitudes with low risk of disease spread from the majority of the farms while some farms may act as very strong disease transmitters. The results may serve as basic data in the planning of the national preparedness for this type of events. SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 26 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0232489 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0232489 UT WOS:000537529500004 PM 32453749 ER PT J AU Tolah, AM Al Masaudi, SB El-Kafrawy, SA Mirza, AA Harakeh, SM Hassan, AM Alsaadi, MA Alzahrani, AA Alsaaidi, GA Amor, NMS Alagaili, AN Hashem, AM Azhar, EI AF Tolah, Ahmed M. Al Masaudi, Saad B. El-Kafrawy, Sherif A. Mirza, Ahmed A. Harakeh, Steve M. Hassan, Ahmed M. Alsaadi, Mohammed A. Alzahrani, Abdulrahman A. Alsaaidi, Ghaleb A. Amor, Nabil M. S. Alagaili, Abdulaziz N. Hashem, Anwar M. Azhar, Esam I. TI Cross-sectional prevalence study of MERS-CoV in local and imported dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia, 2016-2018 SO PLOS ONE AB The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an endemic virus in dromedaries. Annually, Saudi Arabia imports thousands of camels from the Horn of Africa, yet the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in these animals is largely unknown. Here, MERS-CoV prevalence was compared in imported African camels and their local counterparts. A total of 1399 paired sera and nasal swabs were collected from camels between 2016 and 2018. Imported animals from Sudan (n = 829) and Djibouti (n = 328) were sampled on incoming ships at Jeddah Islamic seaport before unloading, and local camels were sampled from Jeddah (n = 242). Samples were screened for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and MERS-CoV viral RNA. The overall seroprevalence was 92.7% and RNA detection rate was 17.2%. Imported camels had higher seroprevalence compared to resident herds (93.8% vs 87.6%, p < 0.01) in contrast to RNA detection (13.3% vs 35.5%, p < 0.0001). Seroprevalence significantly increased with age (p < 0.0001) and viral RNA detection rate was similar to 2-folds higher in camels < 2-year-old compared to older animals. RNA detection was higher in males verses females (24.3% vs 12.6%, p < 0.0001) but seroprevalence was similar. Concurrent positivity for viral RNA and nAbs was found in >87% of the RNA positive animals, increased with age and was sex-dependent. Importantly, reduced viral RNA load was positively correlated with nAb titers. Our data confirm the widespread of MERS-CoV in imported and domestic camels in Saudi Arabia and highlight the need for continuous active surveillance and better prevention measures. Further studies are also warranted to understand camels correlates of protection for proper vaccine development. OI Mirza, Ahmed/0000-0002-5751-1667 SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 26 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0232790 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0232790 UT WOS:000537529500007 PM 32453746 ER PT J AU Xu, C Kohler, TA Lenton, TM Svenning, JC Scheffer, M AF Xu, Chi Kohler, Timothy A. Lenton, Timothy M. Svenning, Jens-Christian Scheffer, Marten TI Future of the human climate niche SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB All species have an environmental niche, and despite technological advances, humans are unlikely to be an exception. Here, we demonstrate that for millennia, human populations have resided in the same narrow part of the climatic envelope available on the globe, characterized by a major mode around similar to 11 degrees C to 15 degrees C mean annual temperature (MAT). Supporting the fundamental nature of this temperature niche, current production of crops and livestock is largely limited to the same conditions, and the same optimum has been found for agricultural and nonagricultural economic output of countries through analyses of year-to-year variation. We show that in a business-as-usual climate change scenario, the geographical position of this temperature niche is projected to shift more over the coming 50 y than it has moved since 6000 BP. Populations will not simply track the shifting climate, as adaptation in situ may address some of the challenges, and many other factors affect decisions to migrate. Nevertheless, in the absence of migration, one third of the global population is projected to experience a MAT >29 degrees C currently found in only 0.8% of the Earth's land surface, mostly concentrated in the Sahara. As the potentially most affected regions are among the poorest in the world, where adaptive capacity is low, enhancing human development in those areas should be a priority alongside climate mitigation. RI Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012 OI Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Xu, Chi/0000-0002-1841-9032 SN 0027-8424 PD MAY 26 PY 2020 VL 117 IS 21 BP 11350 EP 11355 DI 10.1073/pnas.1910114117 UT WOS:000536797100029 PM 32366654 ER PT J AU Throop, HL Archer, SR McClaran, MP AF Throop, Heather L. Archer, Steven R. McClaran, Mitchel P. TI Soil organic carbon in drylands: shrub encroachment and vegetation management effects dwarf those of livestock grazing SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Dryland ecosystems occur worldwide and play a prominent, but potentially shifting, role in global biogeochemical cycling. Widespread woody plant proliferation, often associated with declines in palatable grasses, has jeopardized livestock production in drylands and prompted attempts to reduce woody cover by chemical or mechanical means. Woody encroachment also has the potential to significantly alter terrestrial carbon storage. However, little is known of the long-term biogeochemical consequences of woody encroachment in the broader context of its interaction with common dryland land uses, including "brush management" (woody plant clearing) and livestock grazing. Present assessments exhibit considerable variation in the consequences of these land use/land cover changes, with evidence that brush management may counteract sizeable impacts of shrub encroachment on soil biogeochemical pools. A challenge to assessing the net effects of brush management in shrub-encroached grasslands on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) pools is that land management practices are typically considered in isolation, when they are co-occurring phenomena. Furthermore, few studies have assessed spatial patterns in brush management and how these are affected in decades following treatment on sites with contrasting grazing histories. To address these uncertainties and interactions, we quantified the impacts of shrub encroachment and their subsequent mortality resulting from brush management (herbicide application) on SOC and N pools in a Sonoran Desert grassland where long-term grazing manipulations (>100 yr) co-occur with shrub encroachment and brush management. Pools of SOC and N associated with herbicided shrubs declined markedly over similar to 40 yr, offsetting 66% of the increases from shrub encroachment. However, spatial patterns in SOC induced by shrubs persisted over the decades following brush management. Century-long protection from grazing did little to change SOC and N pools. Accordingly, shrub encroachment and shrub mortality from brush management each far outweighed livestock grazing impacts. Consideration of the patterns of SOC and N through space (e.g., bole-to-dripline gradients), time (e.g., shrub age/size), land use (e.g., livestock grazing and brush management), and their interactions will position us to improve predictions of SOC and N responses to land use/land cover change, inform C-based management decisions, and objectively evaluate trade-offs with other ecosystem services. RI Throop, Heather/D-6391-2012 OI Throop, Heather/0000-0002-7963-4342 SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 AR e02150 DI 10.1002/eap.2150 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535329400001 PM 32343858 ER PT J AU Yang, TQ Wang, XJ Dong, TN Xu, W Liu, AZ AF Yang, Tianquan Wang, Xiaojuan Dong, Tingnan Xu, Wei Liu, Aizhong TI Isolation and functional analyses of PvFAD2 and PvFAD3 involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids from Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) SO PEERJ AB The development of omega-3 fatty acid-rich vegetable oils is essential to enrich the production of functional foods. Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a unique oilseed crop with much potential. Its seeds contain rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3). Endoplasmic reticulum -located omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid desaturases (FAD) are responsible for the biosynthesis of LA and ALA, respectively, in plant seeds. Here, we isolated two full-length FAD genes from Sacha Inchi, named PvFAD2 and PvFAD3, which encoded predicted amino acid residues of 384 and 379 in protein, respectively. Protein sequence and subcellular localization analysis revealed that they were located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that PvFAD2 and PvFAD3 could catalyze LA and ALA synthesis, respectively. The stability and catalytic efficiency of the PvFAD3 protein may be closely related to temperature. In transgenic tobacco, using seed-specific expression promoters, PvFAD2 and PvFAD3 significantly promotes the production of LA (from 68% to 70.5%) and ALA (from 0.7% to 3.1%) in seed oil. These results show that PvFAD2 and PvFAD3 do, indeed, function as crucial enzymes for PUFAs biosynthesis, and provide a key gene source for the sustainable production of lipids with tailored fatty acid compositions via genetic engineering in other oil crops. SN 2167-8359 PD MAY 26 PY 2020 VL 8 AR e9169 DI 10.7717/peerj.9169 UT WOS:000535415100011 ER PT J AU El-Zeftawy, M Mahmoud, GB Hassan, M AF El-Zeftawy, Marwa Mahmoud, Gamal B. Hassan, Mervat TI Impact of thermal stress exposure on seminal quality, antioxidant defence system, TNF-alpha and TIMP-3 in Ossimi ram SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS AB Contents Heat stress (HS) occupies huge importance nowadays as it leads to severe economic losses especially in livestock. Preserving sheep against HS is one of the governmental scopes where it represents huge percentage of global ruminant. The present research was conducted to study semen quality, some stress and inflammatory markers in Ossimi rams under both hot and mild climatic conditions. The current study was conducted on selected 46 ram samples divided into two groups during summer and winter. Semen analysis, testosterone (TES), cortisol (COR) and blood glucose (BG) levels, and lipid and protein profiles were done. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and specific activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed. The results in summer compared to winter revealed significant elevation of total defects and number of dead sperms; however, there was reduction in sperm total motility and concentration and external epididymal tail duct diameter. Histological study of epididymal tail lumen exhibited azoospermia. Further, TES, TIMP-3 and GSH levels were decreased and COR, TNF-alpha, NO and MDA were raised. Specific activities of GPx and SOD were also declined. Additionally, there was a significant increase in concentrations of BG and lipid profiles except high-density lipoprotein. Our data concluded that there were new insights into TNF-alpha and TIMP-3 as biomarkers can be used in diagnosis of sheep suffering from HS, but further studies are recommended to do in future work about such aspect. SN 0936-6768 EI 1439-0531 DI 10.1111/rda.13697 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535231400001 PM 32386243 ER PT J AU Mishra, A Dhali, A Reddy, IJ Kolte, AP AF Mishra, Ashish Dhali, Arindam Reddy, Ippala J. Kolte, Atul P. TI Sexing of pre-implantation ovine embryos through polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of GAPDH, SRY and AMEL genes SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS AB The ability to identify the sex of embryo and control of sex ratio has a great commercial importance to livestock industry. Prediction of embryonic sex could be useful in the management decisions of sex selection in breeding programs. Several methods have been attempted to determine the sex but the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sexing method is generally favoured, as it is cost effective, simple and reliable. The aim of the present study was to identify sex of sheep embryos produced in vitro through amplification of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), sex-determining region Y (SRY) and amelogenin genes present in genomic DNA (gDNA) of embryos through PCR. To avoid false interpretation of the result by no amplification of SRY in female embryos, a duplex PCR was approached to amplify combinedly SRY and GAPDH genes. Sex-specific blood was used in PCR as positive control. In vitro sheep embryos were produced as per standardized protocol of laboratory. Sexing of sex-specific blood and in vitro produced embryos were approached though PCR to amplify the respective genes using gDNA present in the sample without its traditional isolation. The accuracy of sex prediction for embryos was 100% by this procedure. SN 0936-6768 EI 1439-0531 DI 10.1111/rda.13699 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535230500001 PM 32379910 ER PT J AU AbuOun, M O'Connor, HM Stubberfield, EJ Nunez-Garcia, J Sayers, E Crook, DW Smith, RP Anjum, MF AF AbuOun, Manal O'Connor, Heather M. Stubberfield, Emma J. Nunez-Garcia, Javier Sayers, Ellie Crook, Derick W. Smith, Richard P. Anjum, Muna F. TI Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli and Associated Risk Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Pig Farms in Great Britain SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB Combatting antimicrobial resistant (AMR) using a One-Health approach is essential as various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, a common bacteria, are becoming increasingly resistant and livestock may be a reservoir. The AMR gene content of 492 E. coli, isolated from 56 pig farms across Great Britain in 2014-2015, and purified on antibiotic selective and non-selective plates, was determined using whole genome sequencing (WGS). The E. coli were phylogenetically diverse harboring a variety of AMR profiles with widespread resistance to "old" antibiotics; isolates harbored up to seven plasmid Inc-types. None showed concurrent resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and clinically relevant aminoglycosides, although similar to 3% harbored AMR genes to both the former two. Transferable resistance to carbapenem and colistin were absent, and six of 117 E. coli STs belonged to major types associated with human disease. Prevalence of genotypically MDR E. coli, gathered from non-selective media was 46.9% and that of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase E. coli was low (similar to 4% from non-selective). Approximately 72.6% of E. coli from ciprofloxacin plates and only 8.5% from the other plates harbored fluoroquinolone resistance due to topoisomerase mutations; the majority were MDR. In fact, multivariable analysis confirmed E. coli purified from CIP enrichment plates were more likely to be MDR, and suggested MDR isolates were also more probable from farms with high antibiotic usage, specialist finisher farms, and farms emptying their manure pits only after each batch. Additionally, farms from the South East were more likely to have MDR E. coli, whereas farms in Yorkshire and the Humber were less likely. Future investigations will determine whether suggested improvements such as better biosecurity or lower antimicrobial use decreases MDR E. coli on pig farms. Although this study focuses on pig farms, we believe the methodology and findings can be applied more widely to help livestock farmers in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to tackle AMR. SN 1664-302X PD MAY 25 PY 2020 VL 11 AR 861 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00861 UT WOS:000540625600001 PM 32523560 ER PT J AU Naimi, S Zirah, S Ben Taher, M Theolier, J Fernandez, B Rebuffat, SF Fliss, I AF Naimi, Sabrine Zirah, Severine Ben Taher, Menel Theolier, Jeremie Fernandez, Benoit Rebuffat, Sylvie Francoise Fliss, Ismail TI Microcin J25 Exhibits Inhibitory Activity Against Salmonella Newport in Continuous Fermentation Model Mimicking Swine Colonic Conditions SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB Microcin J25 (MccJ25), a 21-amino acid bacteriocin produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli), is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, including pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. Its lasso structure makes it highly stable and therefore of interest as a possible antimicrobial agent in foods or as an alternative to antibiotics in livestock production. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate in vitro the inhibitory activity of MccJ25 against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport ATCC 6962 (Salmonella Newport) used as a model pathogen under conditions simulating those of the swine proximal colon. The growth inhibition activity of MccJ25 against Salmonella Newport was examined in lysogeny broth (LB) and in modified MacFarlane medium that allows miming the swine colonic conditions. The MccJ25 activity was further determined using the Polyfermentor intestinal model (PolyFermS), an in vitro continuous fermentation model that permits deciphering the activity of any antimicrobial molecule in real colon fermentation conditions using selected microbiota. It was set up here to simulate the porcine proximal colon fermentation. In these conditions, the inhibition activity of MccJ25 was compared to those of two antimicrobial agents, reuterin and rifampicin. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MccJ25 was determined at 0.03 mM in LB medium, compared to 1,079 and 38 mM for reuterin and rifampicin, respectively, showing a significantly higher potency of MccJ25. Total inhibition of Salmonella Newport was observed in LB medium over 24 h of incubation at concentrations starting from the MIC. In the PolyFermS model, MccJ25 induced a significantly stronger inhibition of Salmonella Newport growth than reuterin or rifampicin. A specific and sensitive LC-MS method allowed to detect and quantify MccJ25 in the PolyFermS fermentation system, showing that MccJ25 remains stable and active against Salmonella in conditions mimicking those found in swine colon. This study paves the way for further exploring the potential of this bacteriocin as an alternative to antibiotics in livestock. SN 1664-302X PD MAY 25 PY 2020 VL 11 AR 988 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00988 UT WOS:000541127100001 PM 32528437 ER PT J AU Mota, CM Lima, DD Franca, FBF Torres, JDA Barros, PDC Santiago, FM Silva, JS Mineo, JR Zamboni, DS Mineo, TWP AF Mota, Caroline M. Lima-Junior, Djalma de S. Ferreira Franca, Flavia Batista Aguillon Torres, Jhoan David Barros, Patricio da Silva Cardoso Santiago, Fernanda Maria Silva, Joao Santana Mineo, Jose Roberto Zamboni, Dario S. Mineo, Tiago W. P. TI Interplay Between Reactive Oxygen Species and the Inflammasome Are Crucial for Restriction of Neospora caninum Replication SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY AB Neospora caninum poses as a considerable threat to animal health and generates significant economic impact in livestock production worldwide. Here, we have investigated the mechanism that underlies the participation of the inflammasome complex and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the regulation of immune responses during N. caninum infection. For that purpose, we used in vitro (bone marrow derived macrophages) and in vivo mouse models of infection. Our results show that NLRP3 and NLRC4 receptors, alongside with ASC and Caspase-1, are required for proper activation of the inflammasome during N. caninum infection. As expected, the engagement of these pathways is crucial for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-18 production, as well as the induction of pyroptosis. Our results also show that N. caninum induces ROS production dependent of the inflammasome assembly, which in its turn also depends on MyD88/NF-kappa B-induced ROS to maintain its activation and, ultimately, lead to restriction of parasite replication. SN 2235-2988 PD MAY 25 PY 2020 VL 10 AR 243 DI 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00243 UT WOS:000540546100001 PM 32523898 ER PT J AU Feng, YC Morgan, RML Fraser, PD Hellgardt, K Nixon, PJ AF Feng, Yuchi Morgan, R. Marc L. Fraser, Paul D. Hellgardt, Klaus Nixon, Peter J. TI Crystal Structure of Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (CrtE) Involved in Cyanobacterial Terpenoid Biosynthesis SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE AB Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Due to their ability to use the photon energy of sunlight to fix carbon dioxide into biomass, cyanobacteria are promising hosts for the sustainable production of terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, a diverse class of natural products with potential as advanced biofuels and high-value chemicals. However, the cyanobacterial enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the terpene precursors needed to make more complicated terpenoids are poorly characterized. Here we show that the predicted type II prenyltransferase CrtE encoded by the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 is homodimeric and able to synthesize C20-geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from C5-isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and C5-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). The crystal structure of CrtE solved to a resolution of 2.7 angstrom revealed a strong structural similarity to the large subunit of the heterodimeric geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana with each subunit containing 14 helices. Using mutagenesis, we confirmed that the fourth and fifth amino acids (Met-87 and Ser-88) before the first conserved aspartate-rich motif (FARM) play important roles in controlling chain elongation. While the WT enzyme specifically produced GGPP, variants M87F and S88Y could only generate C15-farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), indicating that residues with large side chains obstruct product elongation. In contrast, replacement of M87 with the smaller Ala residue allowed the formation of the longer C25-geranylfarnesyl pyrophosphate (GFPP) product. Overall, our results provide new structural and functional information on the cyanobacterial CrtE enzyme that could lead to the development of improved cyanobacterial platforms for terpenoid production. SN 1664-462X PD MAY 25 PY 2020 VL 11 AR 589 DI 10.3389/fpls.2020.00589 UT WOS:000540538300001 PM 32523588 ER PT J AU Johansson, MU Abebe, FB Nemomissa, S Bekele, T Hylander, K AF Johansson, Maria Ulrika Abebe, Firew Bekele Nemomissa, Sileshi Bekele, Tamrat Hylander, Kristoffer TI Ecosystem restoration in fire-managed savanna woodlands: Effects on biodiversity, local livelihoods and fire intensity SO AMBIO AB Ethiopia aims to restore 15 million ha degraded forests and woodlands, but effects on the potentially contrasting goals of long-term carbon storage, biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods are unknown. To quantify the effects of grazing exclusion on vegetation and fire behaviour, we established six 30 x 30 m fenced exclosures with grazed controls, in a mesic wooded savanna. Experimental burns were done after 1.5 years. Tree seedlings were few but more common inside fences. Field layer cover and biomass increased inside fences, and grass species increased in numbers and cover. Fire intensity was higher inside fences, killing shrubs and saplings but not mature trees. Interviews confirmed that overgrazing has resulted in "cool fires", causing shrub encroachment. High-intensity fires occurred in the 1980s after a zoonotic disease killed most livestock. Short-term increase in carbon storage through fire and grazing exclusion may lead to loss of pasture, and in the long-term increased wildfire risk. SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 DI 10.1007/s13280-020-01343-7 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535641200001 PM 32451967 ER PT J AU Shiell, BJ Ye, SY Harper, JA van der Heide, B Beddome, G Foord, AJ Michalski, WP Bingham, J Peck, GR AF Shiell, Brian J. Ye, Siying Harper, Jennifer A. van der Heide, Brenda Beddome, Gary Foord, Adam J. Michalski, Wojtek P. Bingham, John Peck, Grantley R. TI Reagents for detection of Rift Valley fever virus infection in sheep SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION AB Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), resulting in morbidity and mortality in humans and ruminants. Evidence of transboundary outbreaks means that RVFV remains a threat to human health and livestock industries in countries that are free from the disease. To enhance surveillance capability, methods for detection of RVFV are required. The generation of reagents suitable for the detection of RVFV antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from infected animals have been developed and are described herein. Recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Purified rNP was used as an immunogen to produce anti-NP polyclonal antisera in rabbits for use in detection of RVFV NP in experimentally infected animals by immunohistochemistry. Antisera raised in rabbits against rNP were able to recognize viral NP antigen in fixed infected Vero cell pellets and sheep liver. Therefore, the methods and reagents described herein are useful in assays for detection of RVFV infections in animals, for research and surveillance purposes. SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 AR 1040638720926476 DI 10.1177/1040638720926476 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000536221900001 PM 32450762 ER PT J AU Xia, F Hou, LL Jin, SQ Li, DQ AF Xia, Fang Hou, Lingling Jin, Songqing Li, Dongqing TI Land size and productivity in the livestock sector: evidence from pastoral areas in China SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS AB This article explores the relationship between land size and productivity in the livestock sector. Household panel data from pastoral areas in northwestern China were analysed. Results suggest an inverse relationship (IR) between land size and the number of livestock per ha. IR can be largely explained by labour input intensity, which is negatively correlated with land size. We find that household's labour demand is not separable from household's labour supply and households' decisions to rent land and hire labour for grazing are significantly related to the labour-land endowment ratio. These findings are consistent with the Chayanovian explanation that labour input intensity varies with farm size due to unobserved interhousehold variation in shadow wage rates. In addition, participation in the labour market does not significantly influence the IR for the employer, while the practice of land renting reduces, but does not eliminate, the IR for the lease. These findings point towards the potential for using factor markets to optimise pasture-based livestock production scale, and the need to promote the factor market development to achieve efficiency in resource use. SN 1364-985X EI 1467-8489 DI 10.1111/1467-8489.12381 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535027500001 ER PT J AU Ao, Y Yang, CR Wang, SC Hu, QY Yi, L Zhang, JB Yu, ZN Cai, MM Yu, C AF Ao, Yue Yang, Chongrui Wang, Shengchen Hu, Qingyi Yi, Li Zhang, Jibin Yu, Ziniu Cai, Minmin Yu, Chan TI Characteristics and nutrient function of intestinal bacterial communities in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae in livestock manure conversion SO MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AB The potential utility of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to convert animal waste into harvested protein or lipid sources for feeding animal or producing biodiesel provides a new strategy for agricultural waste management. In this study, the taxonomic structure and potential metabolic and nutrient functions of the intestinal bacterial communities of BSFL were investigated in chicken and swine manure conversion systems. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the BSFL gut in both the swine and chicken manure systems. After the larvae were fed manure, the proportion of Proteobacteria in their gut significantly decreased, while that of Bacteroidetes remarkably increased. Compared with the original intestinal bacterial community, approximately 90 and 109 new genera were observed in the BSFL gut during chicken and swine manure conversion, and at least half of the initial intestinal genera found remained in the gut during manure conversion. This result may be due to the presence of specialized crypts or paunches that promote microbial persistence and bacteria-host interactions. Ten core genera were found in all 21 samples, and the top three phyla among all of the communities in terms of relative abundance were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The nutrient elements (OM, TN, TP, TK and CF) of manure may partly affect the succession of gut bacterial communities with one another, while TN and CF are strongly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Providencia. Some bacterial taxa with the reported ability to synthesize amino acids, Rhizobiales, Burkholderia, Bacteroidales, etc., were also observed in the BSFL gut. Functional analysis based on genes showed that intestinal microbes potentially contribute to the nutrition of BSFL and the high-level amino acid metabolism may partly explain the biological mechanisms of protein accumulation in the BSFL body. These results are helpful in understanding the biological mechanisms of high-efficiency nutrient conversion in BSFL associated with intestinal microbes. SN 1751-7915 DI 10.1111/1751-7915.13595 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535058700001 PM 32449587 ER PT J AU Llamas, M Tomas-Pejo, E Gonzalez-Fernandez, C AF Llamas, Mercedes Tomas-Pejo, Elia Gonzalez-Fernandez, Cristina TI VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS FROM ORGANIC WASTES AS NOVEL LOW-COST CARBON SOURCE FOR Yarrowia lipolytica SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY AB Microbial oil biosynthesis is envisaged as a promising technology for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. Sugar-based substrates are the most typical carbon sources used for this purpose where metabolic pathways and stoichiometry are well known. However, the use of low-cost substrates is crucial for the economic viability of the process. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are considered to be a novel low-cost carbon source for microbial lipid production. They can be utilized by oleaginous yeasts to produce and store fatty acids in form of intracellular lipid bodies. In this work, Yarrowia lipolytica growth and substrate consumption were evaluated using the major VFAs present in anaerobic effluents. Individual VFAs as well as synthetic mixtures were tested at different concentrations to determine uptake rates and potential toxicity. Increasing VFA chain length resulted in greater biomass yield although, when added individually, 4 g Carbon/L VFA (e.g. 6.45 g/L of caproic and 10 g/L of acetic acid) caused inhibitory effects. Remarkably, biomass growth increased by 2.5-fold on real anaerobic fermentation effluent compared with synthetic mixtures. When real digestate was supplemented with synthetic VFAs up to 26.5 g/L, the inhibitory effect of the acids was counterbalanced. The results provided evidence of robustness of Y. lipolytica towards low-cost fermentation effluents and present this yeast as a promising candidate for the sustainable production of microbial oil using real digestates. SN 1871-6784 EI 1876-4347 PD MAY 25 PY 2020 VL 56 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.01.002 UT WOS:000518105700016 PM 31953202 ER PT J AU Capewell, P Rupp, A Fuentes, M McDonald, M Weir, W AF Capewell, Paul Rupp, Angie Fuentes, Manuel McDonald, Michael Weir, William TI Fatal Clostridium sordellii-mediated hemorrhagic and necrotizing gastroenteropathy in a dog: case report SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH AB Background Canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (also canine gastrointestinal hemorrhagic syndrome) is commonly associated with Clostridium perfringens, although in some cases the etiology remains unclear. This report describes a fatal acute hemorrhagic and necrotizing gastroenteropathy in a dog associated with Clostridium sordellii, a bacterial species never before identified as the etiological agent of hemorrhagic and necrotizing gastroenteropathy in dogs. Case presentation A fully vaccinated, eight-year-old, female neutered Labrador presented with a history of vomiting without diarrhea. Clinical examination revealed pink mucous membranes, adequate hydration, normothermia, and normocardia. The dog was discovered deceased the following day. Post-mortem examination showed moderate amounts of dark red, non-clotted fluid within the stomach that extended into the jejunum. Discoloration was noted in the gastric mucosa, liver, lungs, and kidneys, with small petechial hemorrhages present in the endocardium over the right heart base and thymic remnants. Histological analysis demonstrated that the gastric fundic mucosa, the pyloric region, small intestine, and large intestine exhibited superficial coagulative necrosis and were lined with a layer of short Gram-positive rods. Anaerobic culture of the gastric content revealed C. sordellii as the dominant bacterial species and neither Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., C. perfringens, nor C. difficile were isolated. Unexpectedly, whole genome sequencing of the C. sordellii isolate showed that it lacked the main plasmid-encoded virulence factors typical of the species, indicating that the genetic determinants of pathogenicity of this strain must be chromosomally encoded. Further phylogenetic analysis revealed it to be genetically similar to C. sordellii isolates associated with gastroenteric disease in livestock, indicating that the infection may have been acquired from the environment. Conclusions This case demonstrates that C. sordellii can associate with a canine hemorrhagic and necrotizing gastroenteropathy in the absence of C. perfringens and illustrates the benefits of using bacterial whole genome sequencing to support pathological investigations in veterinary diagnostics. These data also update the molecular phylogeny of C. sordellii, indicating a possible pathogenic clade in the environment that is distinct from currently identified clades. EI 1746-6148 PD MAY 24 PY 2020 VL 16 IS 1 AR 152 DI 10.1186/s12917-020-02362-y UT WOS:000537225100002 PM 32448314 ER PT J AU Jiang, H O'Callaghan, D Ding, JB AF Jiang, Hai O'Callaghan, David Ding, Jia-Bo TI Brucellosis in China: history, progress and challenge SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY AB Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. Over the past two decades, improvements have been made to better understand the various aspects of human and animal brucellosis. Meanwhile, especially in the developing world, immense challenges that remain in controlling and eradicating brucellosis are novel diagnostics tools and efficacious vaccines. Here, we will focus on the remarkable issues on epidemiological survey, as well as the priority and challenge of brucellosis in China. Brucellosis will be controlled with meaningful collaboration between local and public partnerships effectively applying a One Health framework. SN 2095-5162 EI 2049-9957 PD MAY 24 PY 2020 VL 9 IS 1 AR 55 DI 10.1186/s40249-020-00673-8 UT WOS:000536940700002 PM 32448394 ER PT J AU Teka, A Asfaw, Z Demissew, S Van Damme, P AF Teka, Alemtshay Asfaw, Zemede Demissew, Sebsebe Van Damme, Patrick TI Medicinal plant use practice in four ethnic communities (Gurage, Mareqo, Qebena, and Silti), south central Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE AB Background Ethnic groups throughout the world have developed their own cultures expressed in the form of customs, taboos, and traditional healthcare systems. Traditional medicine system is one of the widespread cultures known throughout the world which is very much tied to cultural practices of the community or ethnic group. Medicinal plant treasure found in Gurage and Silti zones remained poorly characterized and understood. Therefore, this study was conducted in four ethnic groups: three from Gurage zone (Gurage, Qebena, and Mareqo) and one from Silti zone (Silti) which have lived in close proximity and contact for many centuries in the respective zones. In the present study, unique and shared cultural elements in connection to traditional herbal medicine were examined through investigation of the diversity of medicinal plants. Moreover, attempts have been made to determine similarities among the society in the medicinal plants they have used in general and in medicinal plant species considered culturally most important. Methods In a study that involved 320 randomly sampled informants, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation were used and qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Descriptive statistics, rank order priority (ROP), informant consensus factor, Jaccard similarity coefficient, and clustering were used for data analysis. Results A total of 244 medicinal plant species and a fungal species used to treat human and/or livestock ailments were documented. The number of plants (80 plants, 33 %) with ROP value greater than 50% were considerably fewer than that of plants with ROP < 50% (164, 67 %). Jaccard similarity index and clustering analysis for all cited plants, among the respective studied districts, indicated that grouping generally followed the existing ethnic origin. On the contrary, clustering based on culturally important medicinal plant species (80 plant species, score ROP >= 50%) showed the influence of proximity and geographical orientation rather than ethnic relation. Conclusions Culturally, most important plants (80 spp.) are widely used and best shared with nearby communities and this could imply current (new) knowledge being practiced in the communities. This knowledge must be documented and better utilized in a modern way including modernized use of traditional medicinal plants. EI 1746-4269 PD MAY 24 PY 2020 VL 16 IS 1 AR 27 DI 10.1186/s13002-020-00377-1 UT WOS:000536939800001 PM 32448337 ER PT J AU Ndao, S Traore, E Ickowicz, A Moulin, CH AF Ndao, S. Traore, E. H. Ickowicz, A. Moulin, C-H TI Estimation of enteric methane emission factors for Ndama cattle in the Sudanian zone of Senegal SO TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION AB Methane (CH4) emission estimations for cattle in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reflect limited production levels and diets that are high in cellulose forage. However, data on these livestock systems is lacking for their accurate evaluation. To provide guidance for climate change mitigation strategies in Senegal, it is necessary to obtain reliable estimates of CH4 emissions from Ndama cattle reared in grazing systems, which is the predominant cattle system in the country. The objective of this study was to determine the annual methane emission factor (MEF) for enteric fermentation of Ndama cattle following the IPCC Tier 2 procedure. Our estimated annual MEF at the herd scale was 30.8 kg CH4/TLU (30.7 kg CH4/head/yr for lactating cows and 15.1 kg CH4/head/yr for other cattle). These values are well below the default IPCC emission factor (46 and 31 kg CH4/head/yr for dairy and other cattle, respectively) proposed in the Tier 1 method for Africa. Our study showed that feed digestibility values differ with season (from 46 to 64%). We also showed that cattle lose weight and adapt to lower feed requirements during the long dry season, with a resulting major reduction in methane emissions. The results of this work provide a new framework to re-estimate the contribution of grazing systems to methane emissions in Africa. SN 0049-4747 EI 1573-7438 DI 10.1007/s11250-020-02280-z EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534981400001 PM 32447584 ER PT J AU Ardoin, R Prinyawiwatkul, W AF Ardoin, Ryan Prinyawiwatkul, Witoon TI Product appropriateness, willingness to try and perceived risks of foods containing insect protein powder: A survey of US consumers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB As a sustainable alternative to livestock consumption, insect protein has applications beyond meat substitution. However, strategies to normalise entomophagy in the United States have been less explored than in Europe. Two online surveys (N = 1005 U.S. consumers) identified the most appropriate products, from a list of 30, for insect protein powder incorporation by evaluating willingness to try (WTT). Consumers reported perceived risks for negative WTT, and the effect of entomophagy benefit information (EBI) on WTT was measured. Overall, 72% of consumers were willing to consume at least one insect-containing product. The three most appropriate products were protein/energy bars, chips/snack crackers and protein shakes. Bakery/cereal products garnered positive WTT by >54% of consumers, followed by snacks/candy (53%). Unfamiliarity with insects as food was the most cited risk. EBI presentation significantly increased (alpha < 0.05, McNemar's test) positive WTT for all products. Once unfamiliarity is overcome through trial, negative emotions and concerns about sensory quality can be addressed. SN 0950-5423 EI 1365-2621 DI 10.1111/ijfs.14612 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534789500001 ER PT J AU Bouajila, A Lamine, M Rahali, F Melki, I Prakash, G Ghorbel, A AF Bouajila, Aida Lamine, Myriam Rahali, FatmaZahra Melki, Imen Prakash, Gangashetty Ghorbel, Abdelwahed TI Pearl millet populations characterized by Fusarium prevalence, morphological traits, phenolic content, and antioxidant potential SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AB Background Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) has become increasingly attractive due to its health benefits. It is grown as food for human consumption and fodder for livestock in Africa and Asia. This study focused on five pearl millet populations from different agro-ecological zones from Tunisia, and on characterization by morphological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and occurrence of Fusarium. Results Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between populations for the quantitative traits. The highest grain weights occurred in the pearl millet cultivated in Zaafrana and Gergis of Tunisia. Early flowering and early maturing populations cultivated in the center (Zaafrana, Rejiche) and south (Gergis) of Tunisia tended to have a higher grain yield. The Zaafrana population showed the highest value of green fodder potentiel (number and weight of leaves/cultivar and the weight of tillers and total plant/cultivar) followed by Gergis and Rejiche. The Kelibia population showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Rejiche exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity. Trans-cinnamic, protocatechuic, and hydroxybenzoic acids were the major phenolic compounds in all the extracts. Three Fusarium species were identified in Tunisian pearl millet populations based on morphologic and molecular characterization. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum occurred most frequently. The average incidence of the three Fusarium species was relatively low (<5%) in all populations. The lowest infection rate (0.1%) was recorded in the samples from Zaafrana. Conclusion Chemometric analysis confirmed the usefulness of the above traits for discrimination of pearl millet populations, where a considerable variation according to geographical origin and bioclimatic conditions was observed. (c) 2020 Society of Chemical Industry OI lamine, myriam/0000-0001-8984-6114 SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 DI 10.1002/jsfa.10456 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534811800001 PM 32356564 ER PT J AU Varcasia, A Dessi, G Lattanzio, S Marongiu, D Cuccuru, C Carta, S Meloni, MP Tamponi, C Scala, A AF Varcasia, Antonio Dessi, Giorgia Lattanzio, Silvia Marongiu, Daniela Cuccuru, Cesare Carta, Silvia Meloni, Maria Pina Tamponi, Claudia Scala, Antonio TI Cystic echinococcosis in the endemic island of Sardinia (Italy): has something changed? SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH AB Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a disease of livestock and humans caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) species complex and occurs especially in areas where sheep breeding is widespread. This survey evaluates, after more than a decade since the last epidemiological survey, the current situation and trend of CE in sheep of the highly endemic island of Sardinia (Italy). From 2012 to 2018, out of a total of 1416 sheep, 65.3% were found positive for CE. Cyst fertility has increased slightly from 10.3% in 2006 (Scala et al. 2006) to 11.7% in the present survey (chi 2 = 1.07; P = 0.30018) with a peak of 14.0% in the province of Sassari. Overall, 6815 hydatids were found and classified as sterile (26.2%), fertile (14.4%), caseous (5.3%), or calcified (54.1%) based on their morphology. All isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (former G1/G3, strains). Results shown as the implementation of new European Council Regulations and in particular of 21/2004 that established a system for the individual identification and tracking of sheep could be a step forward towards a better control of animal movement, preventing illegal slaughtering on the island as well as in other countries experiencing similar problems. Even if at first sight the general situation of Sardinia regarding CE seems a little better compared with the past, our findings indicate that in some Provinces the epidemiological situation is not improved since 2006. OI Varcasia, Antonio/0000-0001-6306-9978 SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 DI 10.1007/s00436-020-06717-0 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534969500003 PM 32447517 ER PT J AU Kamau, S Belanche, A Davies, T Stevens, PR Humphreys, M Kingston-Smith, AH AF Kamau, Stephen Belanche, Alejandro Davies, Teri Rees Stevens, Pauline Humphreys, Mike Kingston-Smith, Alison H. TI A route to decreasing N pollution from livestock: Use of Festulolium hybrids improves efficiency of N flows in rumen simulation fermenters SO FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY AB Ruminant agriculture suffers from inefficient capture of forage protein and consequential release of N pollutants to land. This is due to proteolysis in the rumen catalyzed by both microbial but initially endogenous plant proteases. Plant breeding-based solutions are sought to minimize these negative environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to perform an integrated study of rumen N metabolism using semi-continuous rumen simulation fermenters (Rusitec) to explore the extent to which swards containing Festulolium populations (interspecific hybrids between Lolium and Festuca grass species) with decreased rates of endogenous protein degradation conferred advantageous protein utilization in comparison with a National Listed perennial ryegrass. An in vitro experiment was conducted using three Festulolium hybrids (Lolium perenne x Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens, LpFg; Lolium perenne x Festuca mairei, LpFm; and Lolium multiflorum x Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens, LmFg) and a Lolium perenne, Lp control. LpFm and LmFg demonstrated significantly lower plant-mediated proteolysis than the control. Fresh forage was incubated in Rusitec with rumen fluid from four donor cows. Feed disappearance and production of gas, methane, and volatile fatty acids were similar across cultivars. Whereas no differences in microbial protein synthesis were noted across treatments during early fermentation (0-6 hr after feeding), an increased microbial N flow in LpFm (+30%) and LmFg hybrids (+41%) was observed during late fermentation (6-24 hr after feeding), with higher overall microbial N flows (+13.5% and + 20.2%, respectively) compared with the control (Lp). We propose an underpinning mechanism involving the partitioning of amino acid catabolism toward branched-chain amino acids and microbial protein synthesis in grasses with slow plant-mediated proteolysis instead of accumulation of rumen ammonia in grasses with fast plant-mediated proteolysis. These observations indicate the potential of Festulolium hybrids with a slow plant-mediated proteolysis trait to improve the efficiency of capture of forage protein and decrease the release of N pollutants onto the land. OI Kamau Wanjiru, Stephen/0000-0003-1406-9992 SN 2048-3694 AR e209 DI 10.1002/fes3.209 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534616600001 ER PT J AU Lottering, SJ Mafongoya, P Lottering, R AF Lottering, Shenelle J. Mafongoya, Paramu Lottering, Romano TI The Impacts of Drought and the Adaptive Strategies of Small-Scale Farmers in uMsinga, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES AB Drought is a major challenge threatening agricultural productivity in uMsinga. The occurrence of drought is expected to increase in coming decades, intensifying in severity, duration and the way people are affected by drought. The objective of this study is to understand small-scale farmers' and rural communities' perceptions of drought, its environmental and socio-economic impacts, adaptive and mitigation measures at household level and their satisfaction with the government's role in drought management in the community. The study utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, in the form of questionnaires, focus groups and key informant interviews. The sample size for the research study was 180 respondents for the questionnaire component and a total of 30 respondents for the focus groups and key informant interviews. The results show that increased levels of poverty, food insecurity and increased migration were the main socio-economic impacts perceived by respondents. Water scarcity, crop failure, forest degradation and an increase in average temperatures were perceived by respondents as the main environmental impacts caused by drought in uMsinga. Respondents perceived drought as a serious threat to agricultural production and adopted various indigenous adaptive strategies. A majority of respondents adopted a reactive approach to drought management, and therefore did not adopt many mitigation measures. RI Lottering, Romano/T-9371-2019 OI Lottering, Romano/0000-0003-2381-4915 SN 0021-9096 EI 1745-2538 AR UNSP 0021909620916898 DI 10.1177/0021909620916898 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534917200001 ER PT J AU Kurgat, BK Lamanna, C Kimaro, A Namoi, N Manda, L Rosenstock, TS AF Kurgat, Barnabas K. Lamanna, Christine Kimaro, Anthony Namoi, Nictor Manda, Lucas Rosenstock, Todd S. TI Adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies in Tanzania SO FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS AB Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is agriculture that increases productivity, improves resilience, and mitigates climate change. Smallholder adoption of farming technology is necessary to speed the transition to CSA. Here, we assessed the determinants of adoption of five technologies that can help achieve some of the CSA outcomes in smallholder farms in Tanzania. They included crop and livestock diversity, irrigation, application of chemical fertilizers, and agroforestry. Using data collected from 821 farming households, a multivariate probit model was employed to evaluate the determinants of adoption, allowing for examination of synergies and trade-offs between the technologies. Application of chemical fertilizers was fairly well adopted (34% of farmers), while irrigation was least adopted (26%). Some technologies, including crop diversity and irrigation as well as application of chemical fertilizer and agro-forestry, complemented each other. Trade-offs were observed between livestock diversity and irrigation. Female control of farm resources, farm location, and household resources were major determinants of adoption. We, therefore, recommend strategies that seeks to enhance building household resource as pathway for improved adoption of new technologies. EI 2571-581X PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 4 AR UNSP 55 DI 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00055 UT WOS:000539379500001 ER PT J AU Tapia, C Bellet-Amalric, E Aldakov, D Boudoire, F Sivula, K Cagnon, L Artero, V AF Tapia, C. Bellet-Amalric, E. Aldakov, D. Boudoire, F. Sivula, K. Cagnon, L. Artero, V TI Achieving visible light-driven hydrogen evolution at positive bias with a hybrid copper-iron oxide|TiO2-cobaloxime photocathode SO GREEN CHEMISTRY AB H-2 is an environmentally-friendly fuel that would allow for a circular economy but its sustainable production, e.g. from solar energy and water, remains a challenge. A hybrid CuFexOy|TiO2-CoHEC (CoHEC = chloro([4,4 '-bipyridine]-2,6-dicarboxylic acid)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(iii)) photocathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with faradaic efficiencies of 54-88%, is described, the preparation of which uses only non-toxic and Earth-abundant elements, avoids etching treatments and limits the use of organic solvents. The semi-conducting CuFexOy light absorber is obtained by sol-gel synthesis followed by calcination at moderate temperature. Grafting the CoHEC cobaloxime catalyst at its surface results in H-2 evolution with an onset photocurrent potential of +860 mV; this process being stabilized by the presence of a thin layer of amorphous TiO2 deposited onto CuFexOy. SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3141 EP 3149 DI 10.1039/d0gc00979b UT WOS:000537870500012 ER PT J AU Muszynska, B Szacawa, E Bederska-Lojewska, D Dudek, K Pomierny, B Wlodarczyk, A Kala, K Lazur, J Suchocki, P Budziszewska, B Bednarek, D Pieszka, M AF Muszynska, Bozena Szacawa, Ewelina Bederska-Lojewska, Dorota Dudek, Katarzyna Pomierny, Bartosz Wlodarczyk, Anna Kala, Katarzyna Lazur, Jan Suchocki, Piotr Budziszewska, Boguslawa Bednarek, Dariusz Pieszka, Marek TI Preliminary study on Se-enriched Lentinula edodes mycelium as a proposal of new feed additive in selenium deficiency SO PLOS ONE AB The presence of selenium in European soil is low and this causes its deficiency in livestock and, in consequence, in humans. This study aimed to obtain Lentinula (L.) edodes mycelium with the maximum content of selenium. This species was used for experiment based on its documented medicinal properties. Calves were fed with selenium-enriched L. edodes mycelium, and serum selenium concentration, average daily weight gains and selected immune parameters were estimated. The selenium-enriched mushroom was found to be safe based on cytotoxicity tests (MTT and LDH tests) and for this reason it was used for further experiments. The mean quantity of selenium in the serum of calves fed with selenium-enriched L. edodes mycelium was significantly higher than that of control calves. Additionally, the calves fed with selenium-enriched L. edodes mycelium had higher body weight gains than those of control calves. White blood cell counts and subpopulations of lymphocytes in the experimental and control calves were within the reference range. The administration of L. edodes enriched with selenium had a beneficial effect on state of health of the calves. OI Szacawa, Ewelina/0000-0003-1815-5724; Wlodarczyk, Anna/0000-0002-5121-467X SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0233456 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0233456 UT WOS:000537517800088 PM 32437465 ER PT J AU Li, FH Li, Y Zhao, CY Fan, HL Xu, ML Guo, QQ Guo, MX Wang, ZQ Huang, JJ Fang, YT AF Li, Fenghai Li, Yang Zhao, Chaoyue Fan, Hongli Xu, Meiling Guo, Qianqian Guo, Mingxi Wang, Zhiqing Huang, Jiejie Fang, Yitian TI Investigation on Ash-Fusion Characteristics of Livestock Manure and Low-Rank Coals SO ENERGY & FUELS AB Large amounts of livestock manure are produced annually, and cogasification offers a promising method for large-scale and clean use of manure. To investigate the ash-fusion characteristics (AFC) of livestock manure and coal, and their variation mechanisms, the AFCs of two coals (Yima long-flame coal and Husheng lignite), two manures (cattle manure (CM), and swine manure (SM)), and their mixtures were explored. An increase in the ash mass ratio of the CM or SM increased the sintering temperature (T-s) of two mixed coal ashes (the SM enhanced the T-s more than that of the CM); however, their ash-fusion temperature (AFT) decreased first and then increased (the turning points for the Yima long-flame coal ash mixture were CM: similar to 60% and SM: similar to 40%, and those for the Husheng lignite were SM:similar to 70% and SM: similar to 50%). The T(s )was induced by partial particle surface fusion, and was related to the formation of a low melting eutectic (e.g., binary systems for K2SiO3-Na2Si2O5 and Na2S-FeS) and their contents. The AFT indicated that the bulk melting property was determined mainly by ash composition, especially for a basic/ acid ratio. The disappearance of mullite and the formation of high melting-point phosphates (e.g., KCaPO4, K2CaP2O7, and Ca (2.71) Mg-0.27 (PO4)(2)) resulted in AFT fluctuations of the mixtures. SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 34 IS 5 BP 5804 EP 5812 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00587 UT WOS:000537407200061 ER PT J AU Eguez, N Dal Corso, M Wieckowska-Luth, M Delpino, C Tarantini, M Biagetti, S AF Egueez, Natalia Dal Corso, Marta Wieckowska-Lueth, Magdalena Delpino, Chiara Tarantini, Massimo Biagetti, Stefano TI A pilot geo-ethnoarchaeological study of dung deposits from pastoral rock shelters in the Monti Sibillini (central Italy) SO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB In recent years, ethnoarchaeological studies focusing on herbivore faecal remains within the soils, especially those from goat, sheep and cattle, have shown the importance of their study for identifying socio-economic activities. Thus, an accurate microstratigraphic examination of these deposits can provide us new insights into past land use, site formation processes, activity areas and intensity of use of space, mobility, domestic use of fuel, manuring, and foddering strategies. Mountain landscapes represent a relatively new terrain of investigation for geo-ethnoarchaeology. In this paper, we present a pilot project featuring an applied inter-disciplinary methodology that includes micromorphology, bulk stable isotope analysis (delta C-13 and delta N-15), phytolith, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) analyses. These were carried out on samples from three high-mountain (up to 1400 m a.s.l.) pastoral sites located at Monti Sibillini, in the Italian central Apennines. Results show that the presence of anthropic organic-rich deposits, even when poorly preserved, (1) allows for an accurate description of herbivore dung internal characteristics, (2) establishes precise microstratigraphy of anthropogenic deposits and husbandry practices related to intensity of use of space, and (3) gives accurate information about former vegetation and landscape use in the local area. Based on this exploratory ethnoarchaeological approach, we discuss the potential of micro-analyses of archaeological decayed or burnt livestock dung in a small set of samples collected during a initial survey for obtaining insights into the environment and husbandry practices from dung and goat stabling floors in a high-mountain context. SN 1866-9557 EI 1866-9565 PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 12 IS 6 AR UNSP 114 DI 10.1007/s12520-020-01076-4 UT WOS:000536894900001 ER PT J AU Squadrone, S Crescio, I Brizio, P Dutto, D Bocca, R Stella, C Colombero, G Rizzi, M Pederiva, S Ingravalle, F Abete, MC AF Squadrone, Stefania Crescio, Ines Brizio, Paola Dutto, Dario Bocca, Rosella Stella, Caterina Colombero, Giorgio Rizzi, Marco Pederiva, Sabina Ingravalle, Francesco Abete, Maria Cesarina TI Nickel Occurrence in a Livestock Food Chain (Northwestern Italy) SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION AB Nickel (Ni) is an essential element in plants and animals, but elevated levels can exert toxicity in living beings, as recently highlighted by the European Food Safety Authority opinion. However, literature regarding the presence of nickel in the environment is scarce. In 2016, the EU Commission Recommendation n degrees 1110 recommended monitoring the presence of Ni in feed in order to set maximum levels or to adopt other risk management measures to ensure a high level of animal health protection and consequently of human health. A total of 200 samples of feedingstuffs, drinking water, and milk were collected from dairy cow farms in Piedmont, and analyzed for Ni concentration by Z-ETA-AAS. Results showed the presence of nickel in feedingstuffs in a range from 0.20 to 16 mg/kg, while Ni concentrations in water and milk were close to or below the limit of quantitation. There was no carry-over from feed to milk in this food chain. Nickel concentrations were not of concern for animal health despite being in the upper range of those observed in vegetables from Europe. OI squadrone, stefania/0000-0003-1365-7258 SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 231 IS 6 AR 265 DI 10.1007/s11270-020-04623-w UT WOS:000536907900002 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Lei, C Deng, YF Ahmed, JZ Shi, DS Lu, FH AF Zhang, Jun Lei, Chuan Deng, Yanfei Ahmed, Jam Zaheer Shi, Deshun Lu, Fenghua TI Hypoxia Enhances Mesenchymal Characteristics Maintenance of Buffalo Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells SO CELLULAR REPROGRAMMING AB Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from livestock are valuable resources for veterinary therapeutics and animal reproduction. Previous studies have shown that hypoxic conditions were beneficial in maintaining the mesenchymal feature of BMSCs. However, the effects of hypoxia on buffalo BMSCs (bBMSCs) remain unclear. In this study, the effects of hypoxic conditions on cell morphology, migration, polarity, and karyotype of bBMSCs were examined. The results showed that hypoxia (5% oxygen) enhanced colony formation and stress fiber synthesis of bBMSCs. Under the hypoxic culture conditions, the migration capacity and normal karyotype rate of bBMSCs were significantly improved (p < 0.05), which resulted in weakened cell polarity and enhanced karyotype stability in bBMSCs. In addition, it was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the expression levels of HIF-TWIST signaling pathway axis-related genes (Hif-1, Hif-2, Twist, Snail, Slug, Fn1, N-cadherin, Collal). The HIF-TWIST axis of bBMSCs was also activated in hypoxia. Finally, it was more effective and easier to maintain the mesenchymal feature of bBMSCs in hypoxic conditions. These findings not only provide theoretical guidance to elucidate the detailed regulation mechanism of hypoxia on mesenchymal nature maintenance of bBMSCs, but also provide positive support to further establish the stable in vitro culture system of bBMSCs. SN 2152-4971 EI 2152-4998 PD JUN 1 PY 2020 VL 22 IS 3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1089/cell.2019.0097 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000536290100001 PM 32453601 ER PT J AU Jia, JJ Zhang, HJ Wang, ZX Zhao, JX Zhou, Z AF Jia, Jingjing Zhang, Haijun Wang, Zhongxu Zhao, Jingxiang Zhou, Zhen TI A Cu2B2 monolayer with planar hypercoordinate motifs: an efficient catalyst for CO electroreduction to ethanol SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A AB Sustainable production of high-value carbon-based fuels and chemicals through electrochemical CO reduction (COR) under mild conditions is a promising alternative to the traditional Fischer-Tropsch process that requires high energy input and large-scale reactors. However, the COR process suffers from the low activity and poor selectivity of the currently employed electrocatalysts, greatly hampering its large-scale application. Herein, by means of comprehensive swarm-intelligence structure search and first-principles computations, we identify an ideal electrocatalyst for COR, i.e., a metallic Cu2B2 monolayer with planar heptacoordinate copper and planar pentacoordinate boron. Our results reveal that the predicted Cu2B2 monolayer exhibits superior thermal and dynamic stability and holds promise for experimental realization. More importantly, this catalyst could effectively reduce CO to ethanol through the "carbene" mechanism with a low limiting potential (-0.59 V) and a small barrier for C-C coupling (0.41 eV). Our work is the first report on the as-designed electrocatalyst with planar hypercoordinate motifs for CO reduction to C-2 products, which not only widens the potential application of hypercoordinate 2D materials, but also opens up a new and promising avenue for converting abundant industrial CO to value-added ethanol. RI Zhang, Haijun/B-4527-2014 OI Zhang, Haijun/0000-0002-9082-3662 SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 8 IS 19 BP 9607 EP 9615 DI 10.1039/d0ta02471f UT WOS:000536690000010 ER PT J AU Huang, J Zhu, SQ Zhao, LQ Chen, L Du, MN Zhang, CL Yang, ST AF Huang, Jin Zhu, Shengquan Zhao, Linqi Chen, Li Du, Meini Zhang, Chenglin Yang, Shang-Tian TI A novel beta-galactosidase from Klebsiella oxytoca ZJUH1705 for efficient production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AB Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which can be produced by enzymatic transgalactosylation of lactose with beta-galactosidases, have attracted much attention in recent years because of their prebiotic functions and wide uses in infant formula, infant foods, livestock feed, and pet food industries. In this study, a novel beta-galactosidase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca ZJUH1705, identified by its 16S rRNA sequence (GenBank accession no. MH981243), was isolated. Two beta-galactosidase genes, bga 1 encoding a 2058-bp fragment (GenBank accession no. MH986613) and bga 2 encoding a 3108-bp fragment (GenBank accession no. MN182756), were cloned from K. oxytoca ZJUH1705 and expressed in E. coli. The purified beta-gal 1 and beta-gal 2 had the specific activity of 217.56 U mg(-1) and 57.9 U mg(-1), respectively, at the optimal pH of 7.0. The reaction kinetic parameters K-m, V-max, and K-cat with oNPG as the substrate at 40 degrees C were 5.62 mM, 167.1 mu mol mg(-1) min(-1), and 218.1 s(-1), respectively, for beta-gal 1 and 3.91 mM, 14.6 mu mol mg(-1) min(-1), and 28.9 s(-1), respectively, for beta-gal 2. Although beta-gal 1 had a higher enzyme activity for lactose hydrolysis, only beta-gal 2 had a high transgalactosylation capacity. Using beta-gal 2 with the addition ratio of similar to 2.5 U g(-1) lactose, a high GOS yield of 45.5 +/- 2.3% (w/w(-1)) was obtained from lactose (40% w/w(-1) or 480 g L-1) in a phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.0) at 40 degrees C in 48 h. Thus, the beta-gal 2 from K. oxytoca ZJUH1705 would be a promising biocatalyst for GOS production from lactose.Key Points center dot A novel bacterial beta-galactosidase producer was isolated and identified.center dot beta-Galactosidases were cloned and expressed in heterologous strain and characterized.center dot Both enzymes have hydrolytic activity but only one have transglycosilation activity.center dot The developed process with beta-gal 2 could provide an alternative for GOS production. SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 DI 10.1007/s00253-020-10679-9 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534443500001 PM 32436034 ER PT J AU Frozzi, JC da Cunha, JM Campos, MCC Bergamin, AC Brito, WBM Fraciscon, U da Silva, DMP de Lima, AFL de Brito, EG AF Frozzi, Jose Cezar da Cunha, Jose Mauricio Campos, Milton Cesar Costa Bergamin, Anderson Cristian Brito, Wildson Benedito Mendes Fraciscon, Uilson da Silva, Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro de Lima, Alan Ferreira Leite de Brito Filho, Elilson Gomes TI Physical attributes and organic carbon in soils under natural and anthropogenic environments in the South Amazon region SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES AB The transformation of natural Amazonian environments into production systems, mainly related to agriculture and livestock, is considered the most frequent anthropic activity in the region, which can cause significant changes in physical attributes and soil organic carbon. On the other hand, the proper development of the plants depends basically on the quality of the soil, which is directly related to its attributes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physical attributes and organic carbon of the soil in natural environments and in anthropic uses located in the southern region of Amazonas. Samples were collected at four spots in three depths (0.00-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m), totalling 108 samples. The organic carbon has a positive correlation with silt, geometric mean diameter, weighted mean diameter and aggregates > 2 mm, and negative with soil and clay density. The environments with native forest 1, pasture and agroforestry are characterized by higher values of organic carbon, silt, geometric mean diameter, weighted average diameter and aggregates > 2 mm, while native forest 3, native forest 4 and acai are characterized by higher values of clay and aggregates clay and aggregates between 2-1 mm and < 1 mm. OI Cunha, Jose/0000-0003-4057-1708; Brito Filho, Elilson Gomes de/0000-0001-6718-2126 SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 PD MAY 21 PY 2020 VL 79 IS 11 AR 251 DI 10.1007/s12665-020-08948-x UT WOS:000534796900001 ER PT J AU Maher, SM Fenichel, EP Schmitz, OJ Adamowicz, WL AF Maher, Samantha M. Fenichel, Eli P. Schmitz, Oswald J. Adamowicz, Wiktor L. TI The economics of conservation debt: a natural capital approach to revealed valuation of ecological dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Some species are valued for their direct usefulness to society, through immediate financial returns from market activities such as harvesting or ecotourism. But many are valued for their passive usefulness, i.e., their mere existence contributes to supporting, regulating or cultural environmental services that support human well-being. Hence, there is inherent social value to conserving such species as natural assets. However, such species are seldom priced as natural assets, and thus not accounted for in sustainability wealth measures because deriving non-market prices is challenging. We overcome this limitation by presenting a new approach for natural asset pricing of species with passive value that can be incorporated into national sustainability wealth accounting. We explicitly consider the relationship between prevailing institutions, species interactions, and ecosystem dynamics. Our approach is illustrated with the case of threatened woodland caribou in the Alberta Oil Sands. We show that conservation can be considered an investment while destructive activities can lead to a loss or conservation debt; and forgoing destructive activities can be considered a capital gain, increasing future wealth. Our approach reveals that caribou conservation in Alberta is leading to a conservation debt on the order of CA$800 million. SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 DI 10.1002/eap.2132 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534366500001 PM 32297391 ER PT J AU Jahel, C Lenormand, M Seck, I Apolloni, A Toure, I Faye, C Sall, B Lo, M Diaw, CS Lancelot, R Coste, C AF Jahel, Camille Lenormand, Maxime Seck, Ismaila Apolloni, Andrea Toure, Ibra Faye, Coumba Sall, Baba Lo, Mbargou Diaw, Cecile Squarzoni Lancelot, Renaud Coste, Caroline TI Mapping livestock movements in Sahelian Africa SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB In the dominant livestock systems of Sahelian countries herds have to move across territories. Their mobility is often a source of conflict with farmers in the areas crossed, and helps spread diseases such as Rift Valley Fever. Knowledge of the routes followed by herds is therefore core to guiding the implementation of preventive and control measures for transboundary animal diseases, land use planning and conflict management. However, the lack of quantitative data on livestock movements, together with the high temporal and spatial variability of herd movements, has so far hampered the production of fine resolution maps of animal movements. This paper proposes a general framework for mapping potential paths for livestock movements and identifying areas of high animal passage potential for those movements. The method consists in combining the information contained in livestock mobility networks with landscape connectivity, based on different mobility conductance layers. We illustrate our approach with a livestock mobility network in Senegal and Mauritania in the 2014 dry and wet seasons. SN 2045-2322 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 DI 10.1038/s41598-020-65132-8 UT WOS:000540462600031 PM 32433590 ER PT J AU Jones, C De Vega, J Lloyd, D Hegarty, M Ayling, S Powell, W Skot, L AF Jones, Charlotte De Vega, Jose Lloyd, David Hegarty, Matthew Ayling, Sarah Powell, Wayne Skot, Leif TI Population structure and genetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) germplasm SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a highly adaptable forage crop for temperate livestock agriculture. Genetic variation can be identified, via molecular techniques, and used to assess diversity among populations that may otherwise be indistinguishable. Here we have used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to determine the genetic variation and population structure in red clover natural populations from Europe and Asia, and varieties or synthetic populations. Cluster analysis differentiated the collection into four large regional groups: Asia, Iberia, UK, and Central Europe. The five varieties clustered with the geographical area from which they were derived. Two methods (BayeScan and Sam beta ada) were used to search for outlier loci indicating signatures of selection. A total of 60 loci were identified by both methods, but no specific genomic region was highlighted. The rate of decay in linkage disequilibrium was fast, and no significant evidence of any bottlenecks was found. Phenotypic analysis showed that a more prostrate and spreading growth habit was predominantly found among populations from Iberia and the UK. A genome wide association study identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in a homologue of the VEG2 gene from pea, associated with flowering time. The identification of genetic variation within the natural populations is likely to be useful for enhancing the breeding of red clover in the future. RI ; De Vega, Jose J./AAE-9058-2019 OI Skot, Leif/0000-0003-4301-9468; Powell, Wayne/0000-0002-5612-3398; De Vega, Jose J./0000-0003-2847-5158 SN 2045-2322 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 DI 10.1038/s41598-020-64989-z UT WOS:000540463800003 PM 32433569 ER PT J AU Bertram, MR Yadav, S Stenfeldt, C Delgado, A Arzt, J AF Bertram, Miranda R. Yadav, Shankar Stenfeldt, Carolina Delgado, Amy Arzt, Jonathan TI Extinction Dynamics of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Carrier State Under Natural Conditions SO FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most economically important livestock diseases worldwide. Following the clinical phase of FMD, a large proportion of ruminants remain persistently infected for extended periods. Although extinction of this carrier state occurs continuously at the animal and population levels, studies vary widely in their estimates of the duration of persistent infection. There is a need for robust statistical models to capture the dynamics of persistent infection for the sake of guiding FMD control and trade policies. The goal of the current study was to develop and assess statistical models to describe the extinction of FMD virus (FMDV) persistent infection using data from primary longitudinal studies of naturally infected cattle and Asian buffalo in Vietnam and India. Specifically, accelerated failure time (AFT) models and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were developed to predict the probability of persistent infection in seropositive animals and identified carriers at the individual animal level at sequential time points after outbreaks. The primary studies were analyzed by country and combined using an individual-participant data meta-analysis approach. The models estimated similar trends in the duration of persistent infection for the study/species groups included in the analyses, however the significance of the trends differed between the models. The overall probabilities of persistent infection were similar as predicted by the AFT and GLMM models: 6 months: 99% (AFT) /80% (GLMM), 12 months: 51% (AFT) /32% (GLMM), 18 months: 6% (AFT) /5% (GLMM), 24 months: 0.8% (AFT) /0.6% (GLMM). These models utilizing diverse and robust data sets predict higher probabilities of persistence than previously published, suggesting greater endurance of carriers subsequent to an outbreak. This study demonstrates the utility of statistical models to investigate the dynamics of persistent infection and the importance of large datasets, which can be achieved by combining data from several smaller studies in meta-analyses. Results of this study enhance current knowledge of the FMDV carrier state and may inform policy decisions regarding FMDV persistent infection. EI 2297-1769 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 7 AR 276 DI 10.3389/fvets.2020.00276 UT WOS:000539219300001 PM 32509810 ER PT J AU Wang, D Zhang, F Yang, ST Xia, N Ariken, M AF Wang, Di Zhang, Fei Yang, Shengtian Xia, Nan Ariken, Muhadaisi TI Exploring the spatial-temporal characteristics of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in Central Asia based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT AB Central Asia has become a key node of the belt and road corridor. It is located in arid and semi-arid climate regions, and it is a region where the contribution of global aerosols of sand and dust is continuous. However, few studies have been conducted on the Central Asian aerosol optical depth. Therefore, this paper relied on the belt and road sustainable development dataset to analyze the spatial-temporal variations in the AOD in Central Asia and provide spatial-temporal characteristics of the AOD for environmental services. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variation in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in Central Asia by using MODIS/AQUA C6 MYD08_M3 images from 2008 to 2017. The results showed that (1) the annual average AOD in Central Asia in the past decade varied from 0.183 to 0.232, which indicated a slow decline starting in 2014. The percentage of average annual decline was approximately 0.18%, and the regular distinct revealed the distribution characteristics of AOD. In different years, the Central Asian region exhibited the similar monthly change characteristics: from July to December, the AOD decreased, and from December to February, it increased. In different seasons, the Central Asian region exhibited the different seasonal change characteristics: the AOD value was higher in the spring and summer. The mean values in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 0.273, 0.240, 0.155, and 0.183, respectively, and the standard deviations were 0.036, 0.038, 0.025, and 0.048, respectively. (3) Based on spatial distribution characteristics, the Tarim Basin, Aral Sea region, and Ebinur Lake area were high value areas, and Kazakhstan was a low value area. The AOD of the surrounding area of the Aral Sea had increased in the last 5 years, while that of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan had decreased. The AOD of the Taklamakan area exhibited an inter-annual change. Sand dust aerosols were the largest contributors to the AOD in the Taklamakan area. The rising trend of the AOD in the Aral Sea area was clear, with an average annual increase of 0.234%, and the contribution of salt dust aerosols to the AOD increased. The average annual AOD in the Ebinur Lake area remained stable. SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 192 IS 6 DI 10.1007/s10661-020-08299-x UT WOS:000536832300002 PM 32436044 ER PT J AU Rechsteiner, D Schrade, S Zahner, M Muller, M Hollender, J Bucheli, TD AF Rechsteiner, Daniela Schrade, Sabine Zaehner, Michael Mueller, Michael Hollender, Juliane Bucheli, Thomas D. TI Occurrence and Fate of Natural Estrogens in Swiss Cattle and Pig Slurry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB Natural estrogens act as endocrine disruptors. However, the fate of livestock farming derived natural estrogens (17 alpha-estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol, estrone, and estriol) in slurry is not well understood. In this study, we assessed the effects of on farm-storage on natural estrogen concentrations in slurry. Furthermore, we monitored pig and cattle slurry pits from major agricultural areas in Switzerland and determined natural estrogen concentrations therein. They were relatively stable over time, and mean concentrations ranged from 138 to 861 and 54 to 244 ng/L for cattle and pig slurries, respectively. 17 alpha-Estradiol and estriol were the most prevalent estrogens in cattle and pig slurries, respectively. Based on livestock numbers, agricultural area, and estrogen concentrations in slurry, the estimated annual load of total natural estrogens applied on agricultural area amounted to 36 mg/ha. Our results indicate that slurry application is a relevant source of natural estrogens in the environment. RI ; Hollender, Juliane/A-2145-2014 OI Bucheli, Thomas D./0000-0001-9971-3104; Hollender, Juliane/0000-0002-4660-274X SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 68 IS 20 BP 5545 EP 5554 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00858 UT WOS:000537418300004 PM 32364724 ER PT J AU Mignotte, A Garros, C Gardes, L Balenghien, T Duhayon, M Rakotoarivony, I Tabourin, L Poujol, L Mathieu, B Ibanez-Justicia, A Deniz, A Cvetkovikj, A Purse, BV Ramilo, DW Stougiou, D Werner, D Pudar, D Petric, D Veronesi, E Jacobs, F Kampen, H da Fonseca, IP Lucientes, J Navarro, J de la Puente, JM Stefanovska, J Searle, KR Khallaayoune, K Culverwell, CL Larska, M Bourquia, M Goffredo, M Bisia, M England, M Robin, M Quaglia, M Miranda-Chueca, MA Bodker, R Estrada-Pena, R Carpenter, S Tchakarova, S Boutsini, S Sviland, S Schafer, SM Ozolina, Z Seglina, Z Vatansever, Z Huber, K AF Mignotte, Antoine Garros, Claire Gardes, Laetitia Balenghien, Thomas Duhayon, Maxime Rakotoarivony, Ignace Tabourin, Laura Poujol, Lea Mathieu, Bruno Ibanez-Justicia, Adolfo Deniz, Ahmet Cvetkovikj, Aleksandar Purse, Bethan, V Ramilo, David W. Stougiou, Despoina Werner, Doreen Pudar, Dubravka Petric, Dusan Veronesi, Eva Jacobs, Frans Kampen, Helge da Fonseca, Isabel Pereira Lucientes, Javier Navarro, Javier de la Puente, Josue Martinez Stefanovska, Jovana Searle, Kate R. Khallaayoune, Khalid Culverwell, C. Lorna Larska, Magdalena Bourquia, Maria Goffredo, Maria Bisia, Marina England, Marion Robin, Matthew Quaglia, Michela Miranda-Chueca, Miguel Angel Bodker, Rene Estrada-Pena, Rosa Carpenter, Simon Tchakarova, Simona Boutsini, Sofia Sviland, Stale Schafer, Stefanie M. Ozolina, Zanda Seglina, Zanda Vatansever, Zati Huber, Karine TI The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level SO PARASITES & VECTORS AB BackgroundCulicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex.MethodsPortion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex.ResultsOur analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region. RI Martinez de la Puente, Josue/E-8597-2011 OI Martinez de la Puente, Josue/0000-0001-8055-4115; Ramilo, David/0000-0003-4096-2581 SN 1756-3305 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 13 IS 1 DI 10.1186/s13071-020-04114-1 UT WOS:000537077800001 PM 32434592 ER PT J AU Banerjea, RY Morandi, LF Williams, K Brunning, R AF Banerjea, Rowena Y. Morandi, Lionello F. Williams, Kevin Brunning, Richard TI Hidden Husbandry: Disentangling a Disturbed Profile at Beckery Chapel, a Medieval Ecclesiastical Site Near Glastonbury (UK) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY AB Beckery Chapel, near Glastonbury, is the site which has the earliest scientific dating evidence for monastic life in the UK, and later in the medieval period became a Chapel that played a significant role as a destination for pilgrims, as part of the Glastonbury Abbey estate. The site was previously excavated in the 1880s and the 1960s, and in 2016 the South West Heritage Trust excavated a building, that proved to be an outbuilding used when the medieval chapel was in operation. Soil micromorphological analysis was conducted first to understand the sediments within the profile from this building, which appeared fairly homogenous and bioturbated in the field. It untangled the bioturbation processes and revealed a rare northern European, geoarchaeological example of a livestock enclosure from a dryland context in this temperate environment. The results of our innovative multi-proxy approach highlight the potential and methodological considerations for future studies to integrate micromorphology, palaeoparasitology and mycology to examine animal management on dryland archaeological sites. They increase the knowledge of the economic activities of the ecclesiastical occupation at Beckery, contributing to an enhanced understanding of the Chapel site, its wider landscape and its role as part of the Glastonbury Abbey estate. OI Banerjea, Rowena/0000-0002-1786-357X SN 1461-4103 EI 1749-6314 DI 10.1080/14614103.2020.1768333 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000536401800001 ER PT J AU Rocha, KF Kuramae, EE Borges, BMF Leite, MFA Rosolem, CA AF Rocha, Kassiano Felipe Kuramae, Eiko Eurya Ferrari Borges, Beatriz Maria Leite, Marcio Fernandes Alves Rosolem, Ciro Antonio TI Microbial N-cycling gene abundance is affected by cover crop specie and development stage in an integrated cropping system SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY AB Grasses of the Urochloa genus have been widely used in crop-livestock integration systems or as cover crops in no-till systems such as in rotation with maize. Some species of Urochloa have mechanisms to reduce nitrification. However, the responses of microbial functions in crop-rotation systems with grasses and its consequence on soil N dynamics are not well-understood. In this study, the soil nitrification potential and the abundance of ammonifying microorganisms, total bacteria and total archaea (16S rRNA gene), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB, nifH), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB, amoA) and archaea (AOA, amoA) were assessed in soil cultivated with ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). The abundance of ammonifying microorganisms was not affected by ruzigrass. Ruzigrass increased the soil nitrification potential compared with palisade and Guinea grass. Ruzigrass increased the abundance of N-fixing microorganisms at the middle and late growth stages. The abundances of nitrifying microorganisms and N-fixers in soil were positively correlated with the soil N-NH4+ content. Thus, biological nitrogen fixation might be an important input of N in systems of rotational production of maize with forage grasses. The abundance of microorganisms related to ammonification, nitrification and nitrogen fixing and ammonia-oxidizing archea was related to the development stage of the forage grass. RI Rosolem, Ciro/B-9826-2012 OI Rosolem, Ciro/0000-0003-2001-0874 SN 0302-8933 EI 1432-072X DI 10.1007/s00203-020-01910-2 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534468200001 PM 32436040 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Alvarez, EA Almazan-Nunez, RC Gonzalez-Garcia, F Brito-Millan, M Mendez-Bahena, A Garcia-Ibanez, S AF Alvarez-Alvarez, Edson A. Carlos Almazan-Nunez, R. Gonzalez-Garcia, Fernando Brito-Millan, Marlene Mendez-Bahena, Alfredo Garcia-Ibanez, Sergio TI Shade coffee plantations maintain woody plant diversity and structure in a cloud forest landscape of southern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH AB Cloud forest ecosystems of the Latin American tropics are highly threatened by changes in land-use such as expanding croplands and livestock pastures that promote shifts in the structure and composition of plant communities in these forests. However, shade coffee plantations represent a forest management alternative that has been shown to maintain biodiversity in these ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated changes in the composition, diversity, and structure of Mexican cloud-forest woody species for three land use categories: cattle pastures, shade coffee plantations and advanced succession forests. For each category, fifteen 0.28-ha plots were established and the composition and diversity of vegetation was noted. Composition of species was analyzed using ordination methods, and alpha diversity was compared using Hill numbers. Seventy-seven woody species belonging to 40 families were recorded. Species richness and diversity was high in both the advanced successional forest and coffee plantations compared to cattle pastures. Vegetation composition and structure was similar between late succession forests and coffee plantations with both land uses also being more structurally complex than cattle pastures. Our results show how shade coffee cultivation is a land-use activity that maintains woody plant communities in a manner that aligns with biodiversity conservation. SN 1007-662X EI 1993-0607 DI 10.1007/s11676-020-01143-5 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534445400001 ER PT J AU Gyawali, P Hamilton, K Joshi, S Aster, D Ahmed, W AF Gyawali, Pradip Hamilton, Kerry Joshi, Sayalee Aster, David Ahmed, Warish TI Identification of reliable marker genes for the detection of canine fecal contamination in sub-tropical Australia SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Animal fecal contamination in aquatic environments is a major source of zoonotic diseases in humans. While concerns are focused on livestock, companion animals such as dogs can also be a source of a wide range of zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, detection of dog or canine fecal contamination in aquatic environments is important for mitigating risks. In this study, host-sensitivity and specificity of four canine fecal-associated marker genes were evaluated by analyzing 30 canine and 240 non-canine fecal samples. The application of these matters was also tested in water from an urban river under dry weather conditions. The host sensitivity values of the Bacteivides BacCan-UCD, DogBact, DF113 and DF418 were 1.00, 0.90, 0.83, and 0.90, respectively. The host specificity value of the BacCan-UCD, DogBact, DF113 and DF418 were 0.87, 0.98, 0.83, and 0.41, respectively. The mean concentrations of DF418 were highest (7.82 +/- 1.13 log lo gene copies (GC)/g of feces) followed by BacCan-UCD (7.61 +/- 1.06 log(10) GC/g) and DogBact (7.15 +/- 0.92 log(10) GC/g). The mean concentration of DF113 (5.80 +/- 125 log(10) GC/g) was 15 to 2.5 orders of magnitude lower than the other marker genes. The DogBact marker gene was not detected in any other animal feces other than a small number of untreated sewage samples. The BacCan-UCD marker gene cross-reacted with cat, chicken, and pig fecal samples, while the DF113 marker gene cross-reacted with cat, chicken, cattle fecal and untreated sewage samples. The DF418 marker gene was detected in all sewage and animal farsancl deemed not suitable for canine fecal contamination tracking in sub-tropical Australia. Canine fecal contamination was infrequently detected in environmental water samples. Based on the results obtained in this study, we recommend that at least two canine feces-associated marker genes should be used in field studies. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Hamilton, Kerry/0000-0003-2991-7325 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 718 AR 137246 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137246 UT WOS:000526029000067 PM 32105941 ER PT J AU Ali, MM Ndongo, M Bilal, B Yetilmezsoy, K Youm, I Bahramian, M AF Ali, Mohamed Mahmoud Ndongo, Mamoudou Bilal, Boudy Yetilmezsoy, Kaan Youm, Issakha Bahramian, Majid TI Mapping of biogas production potential from livestock manures and slaughterhouse waste: A case study for African countries SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Despite the remarkable potential for biogas production from livestock and organic wastes, the number of constructed biogas digesters for the continent is in the order of thousands and in case of Mauritania is lower than the number of the provinces. While majority of the existing digesters left far behind the expected efficiency, lack of a comprehensive economic assessment along with an efficient design questions their practical application. The present study introduced the first assessment to evaluate the biogas potential from livestock manures and waste from slaughterhouses in Northwest Africa (a case of Mauritania). Using ArcGIS (R) software, a database was conducted to build maps that show the amount of waste products, the potential of biogas, and equivalent amounts of energy. These were used to assess the potential of biogas and the corresponding potential energy for each geographical department in Mauritania. The results indicated that the southern provinces had the highest biogas potential with the maximum and the average values of 520 and 258.7 (+/- 125.8) x 10(6) m(3)/year. On the other hand, the lowest biogas production potential (27.7 x 10(6) m(3)/year) was recorded for northern provinces with the maximum and the average values of 135 and 76.4 (+/- 39.7) x 10(6) m(3)/year. The results showed that 63,579 x 10(6) kg of waste associated with livestock (cattle) and slaughterhouse applications were annually produced in the country. It was determined that this quantity could generate 2451 x 10(6) m(3) of biogas per year, corresponding to an energy potential of 52,704 x 10(6) MJ/year. Considering the rapid depletion of conventional energy sources and the significance of biogas as a renewable fuel, a detailed feasibility analysis (for the biogas production in each province of Mauritania by means of community type fixed-dome digesters) was also performed in the scope of this study. The results of the comprehensive cost breakdown analysis revealed that the revenues obtained from sale of biogas-generated electricity and digested slurry (as fertilizer) could able to pay the initial investment within approximately 6.5 years without subsidy. The findings of this study, as the first of its own, could be used to comprehend how utilization of information such as slaughterhouse and livestock population, nutrition habitats, land-usage maps and geographic information system (GIS) can be employed to germinate a model for more comprehensive assessment of biogas production potential from livestock manure and slaughterhouse wastes, specifically in case of northern African countries. Moreover, in case of biogas plant, this model could be employed as a decision-making tool to identify the highly qualified location for construction of the biogas plant. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI bahramian, majid/0000-0002-7571-5567 SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 256 AR 120499 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120499 UT WOS:000524981300115 ER PT J AU Mahjoub, N Sahebi, H Mazdeh, M Teymouri, A AF Mahjoub, Niloufar Sahebi, Hadi Mazdeh, Mohammad Teymouri, Ashkan TI Optimal design of the second and third generation biofuel supply network by a multi-objective model SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB The depletion of fossil fuels and their serious environmental concerns have made renewable energy sources much more attractive. One of the more promising renewable energy alternatives is the use of second/third-generation biomass that does not endanger food security, to produce bioenergy. The biomass-to-bioenergy supply chain design is a challenging issue that has attracted the attention of academic and industrial research. In this direction, a multi-objective multi-period MILP model is developed to design the second/third-generation biofuel supply chain using anaerobic digestion and transesterification processes. Three types of biomass (i.e. agricultural residues and livestock manure, microalgae and Jatropha) simultaneously are studied as feedstock to produce clean energy in all climatic and geographic conditions, and even in remote areas. Selection of raw material resources, location of production facilities, location of warehouses, and optimal material flows are the main decisions made by the proposed model to minimize the total cost and maximize the produced energy. The performance of this model is evaluated and validated through conducting a real case study. The results show that considering the amount of produced bioenergy regardless to its type, energy production from microalgae and Jatropha is more viable than bio-wastes. The results also show that production cost (especially biodiesel production cost from Jatropha) and investment cost (especially construction costs of microalgae and Jatropha to biodiesel production sites) have the most effect on the total cost of the supply chain network, respectively. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 256 AR 120355 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120355 UT WOS:000524981300124 ER PT J AU Mishra, U Wu, JZ Sarkar, B AF Mishra, Umakanta Wu, Jei-Zheng Sarkar, Biswajit TI A sustainable production-inventory model for a controllable carbon emissions rate under shortages SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Carbon emissions are the key factor of global warming. Nowadays, some countries have focused on reducing carbon emission. Carbon tax and cap policies are the key mechanism utilized in many countries to achieve this. Keeping this issue in mind, a sustainable economic production quantity (SEPQ) carbon tax and cap model has considered for a controllable carbon emissions rate by investing in green technology (GT) efforts under different with and without shortage situations. This study has three models; a) a sustainable economic production quantity carbon tax and cap model with no shortages; b) a sustainable economic production-quantity carbon tax and cap with partial backordering; and c) a sustainable economic production-quantity carbon tax and cap with full backordering with and without green technology investment. A solution methodology has been proposed for determining the optimal strategies of cycle time, green technology investment, and the fraction period length in positive inventory level. Several numerical examples have studied to validate the sustainable economic production quantity models. The results of this paper are a sustainable economic production quantity carbon tax and cap partial backlogging case has a better justifiable profit with the highest cycle time and the lowest value of the fraction length period as well as the lower green technology investment cost compared with other models. Finally, sensitivity analysis has provided with the managerial implication of the optimal feasible solution with respect to some key parameters. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Sarkar, Biswajit/AAJ-7089-2020 OI Sarkar, Biswajit/0000-0002-6583-8416; Mishra, Dr.Umakanta/0000-0002-3889-2417 SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 256 AR 120268 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120268 UT WOS:000524981300027 ER PT J AU Velazquez, AE Salem, AZM Khusro, A Pliego, AB Rodriguez, GB Elghandour, MMMY AF Velazquez, Alejandro E. Salem, Abdelfattah Z. M. Khusro, Ameer Pliego, Alberto Barbabosa Buendia Rodriguez, German Elghandour, Mona M. M. Y. TI Sustainable mitigation of fecal greenhouse gases emission from equine using safflower and fish oils in combination with live yeast culture as additives towards a cleaner ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB This study was investigated to determine the synergistic effect of dietary oils (safflower and fish oils) and yeast on in vitro biogases emission from horses fed with concentrate forage. Fecal from adult English Thoroughbred horses were used as inoculums source in this study. Oils of safflower and fish were supplemented at two different concentrations (2.4 and 4.8% v/w), while Saccharomyces cerevisiae was supplemented at 4 mg/g dry matter (DM) into the diet. The asymptotic gas production (GP), rate of GP, and lag period were not affected due to the supplementation of safflower oil, fish oil, and S. cerevisiae. The oil level x S. cerevisiae interaction showed significant (P = 0.047) mitigation of asymptotic methane (CH4) emission. In contradictory, additives revealed no influence on asymptotic, rate, and lag time of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H-2) productions. The fermentation pH was unaffected, while dry matter degradability (DMD) was decreased (P < 0.05) due to the supplementation of additives. Further, additives increased (P < 0.05) in vitro GP up to 48 h. The safflower oil, fish oil, and S. cerevisiae revealed significant (P < 0.05) impact on mitigating CH4 emission. Both the oils and S. cerevisae showed nonsignificant influence on CO2 emission (mL/0.5 g DM incubated), while CO2 emission (mL/0.5 g DM degraded) was reduced (P <= 0.05) due to oil type x S. cerevisiae and oil level x S. cerevisiae interactions. Likewise, oil type x S. cerevisiae interaction revealed significant (P < 0.05) mitigation in H-2 production (mL/0.5 g DM degraded) up to 12 h of incubation. Concisely, dietary oils and yeast can be implied as dietary manipulation strategy for mitigating in vitro CH4, CO2, and H-2 emission from horses. The combination of safflower oil, fish oil, and yeast could undeniably be a prominent feeding approach for livestock towards the maintenance of cleaner ecosystem. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD MAY 20 PY 2020 VL 256 AR 120460 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120460 UT WOS:000524981300164 ER PT J AU Yao, XT Fan, QL Yao, B Lu, P Rahman, SU Chen, DK Tao, SH AF Yao, Xiaoting Fan, Qinlei Yao, Bo Lu, Ping Rahman, Siddiq Ur Chen, Dekun Tao, Shiheng TI Codon Usage Bias Analysis of Bluetongue Virus Causing Livestock Infection SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a double-stranded RNA virus with multiple segments and belongs to the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. BTV is spread to livestock through its dominant vector, biting midges of genus Culicoides. Although great progress has been made in genomic analyses, it is not fully understood how BTVs adapt to their hosts and evade the host's immune systems. In this study, we retrieved BTV genome sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and performed a comprehensive research to explore the codon usage patterns in 50 BTV strains. We used bioinformatic approaches to calculate the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), codon adaptation index (CAI), effective number of codons (ENC), and other indices. The results indicated that most of the overpreferred codons had A-endings, which revealed that mutational pressure was the major force shaping codon usage patterns in BTV. However, the influence of natural selection and geographical factors cannot be ignored on viral codon usage bias. Based on the RSCU values, we performed a comparative analysis between BTVs and their hosts, suggesting that BTVs were inclined to evolve their codon usage patterns that were comparable to those of their hosts. Such findings will be conducive to understanding the elements that contribute to viral evolution and adaptation to hosts. SN 1664-302X PD MAY 19 PY 2020 VL 11 AR 655 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00655 UT WOS:000539642100001 PM 32508755 ER PT J AU Wallace, DB Mather, A Kara, PD Naicker, L Mokoena, NB Pretorius, A Nefefe, T Thema, N Babiuk, S AF Wallace, David B. Mather, A. Kara, P. D. Naicker, Leeann Mokoena, Nobalanda B. Pretorius, A. Nefefe, T. Thema, N. Babiuk, Shawn TI Protection of Cattle Elicited Using a Bivalent Lumpy Skin Disease Virus-Vectored Recombinant Rift Valley Fever Vaccine SO FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE AB Lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever are two high-priority livestock diseases which have the potential to spread into previously free regions through animal movement and/or vectors, as well as intentional release by bioterrorists. Since the distribution range of both diseases is similar in Africa, it makes sense to use a bivalent vaccine to control them. This may lead to the more consistent and sustainable use of vaccination against Rift Valley fever through a more cost-effective vaccine. In this study, a recombinant lumpy skin disease virus was constructed in which the thymidine kinase gene was used as the insertion site for the Gn and Gc protective glycoprotein genes of Rift Valley fever virus using homologous recombination. Selection markers, the enhanced green fluorescent protein and Escherichia coli guanidine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt), were used for selection of recombinant virus and in a manner enabling a second recombination event to occur upon removal of the gpt selection-pressure allowing the removal of both marker genes in the final product. This recombinant virus, LSD-RVF.mf, was selected to homogeneity, characterized and evaluated in cattle as a vaccine to show protection against both lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever in cattle. The results demonstrate that the LSD-RVF.mf is safe, immunogenic and can protect cattle against both diseases. EI 2297-1769 PD MAY 19 PY 2020 VL 7 AR 256 DI 10.3389/fvets.2020.00256 UT WOS:000538883700001 PM 32509806 ER PT J AU Fang, QC Ma, YF Zhang, XY Wei, S Hou, Y AF Fang, Qunchao Ma, Yifei Zhang, Xiaoying Wei, Sha Hou, Yong TI Mitigating Nitrogen Emissions From Dairy Farming Systems in China SO FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS AB Dairy farming intensification results from the increasing demand for dairy products being met by increasing livestock populations, which places huge pressure on resources and the environment due to poor manure management. In this study, we first quantify the nitrogen (N) flows of two typical dairy manure management systems: "Ganqingfen" system and slurry-based system, based on a substance (N) flow analysis method. Second, the effects of ammonia (NH3) abatement technologies on N recycling efficiency (NRE) and N losses are evaluated for the two systems through a scenario analysis. Furthermore, we explore the mitigation potential of integrated crop and dairy production systems using a scenario analysis of a concatenation of mitigation techniques. The results indicate that the ratio of returned manure N in the "Ganqingfen" and slurry-based manure systems are 32 and 34% of feed N, respectively. N losses from manure management are 56.8-59.5% of total N excretion, of which approximately 50% is emitted as NH3. The scenario analysis indicates that implementation of single or combined NH3 abatement measures can reduce NH3 emissions by 2-56%, whereas nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) can increase depending on the specific measures. Total losses can be reduced from 80.4-83.5 kg N.head(-1) to 49.2-55.7 kg N.head(-1). Regarding integrated crop and dairy production systems, as the level of scenario optimization improves, resource use (e.g., land use and chemical fertilizer use) and N losses (particularly NH3 emissions) are decreased, while the NRE improves. The results of this study provide insights into the N flow and losses of typical dairy manure management systems in China, as well as effective measures toward the sustainable development of integrated crop and livestock production systems. EI 2571-581X PD MAY 19 PY 2020 VL 4 AR UNSP 44 DI 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00044 UT WOS:000538870700001 ER PT J AU Nawroth, C Martin, ZM McElligott, AG AF Nawroth, Christian Martin, Zoe M. McElligott, Alan G. TI Goats Follow Human Pointing Gestures in an Object Choice Task SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY AB Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are extremely adept in interpreting human-given cues, such as the pointing gesture. However, the underlying mechanisms on how domestic non-companion species use these cues are not well understood. We investigated the use of human-given pointing gestures by goats (Capra hircus) in an object choice task, where an experimenter surreptitiously hid food in one of two buckets. Subjects first had to pass a pre-test where the experimenter indicated the location of the food to the subject by a proximal pointing gesture. Subjects that succeeded in the use of this gesture were transferred to the actual test. In these subsequent test trials, the experimenter indicated the location of the food to the subject by using three different pointing gestures: proximal pointing from a middle position (distance between target and index finger: 30 cm), crossed pointing from the middle position (distance between target and index finger: 40 cm), asymmetric pointing from the position of the non-baited bucket (distance between target and index finger: 90 cm). Goats succeeded in the pointing gestures that presented an element of proximity (proximal and crossed) compared to when the experimenter was further away from the rewarded location (asymmetric). This indicates that goats can generalize their use of the human pointing gesture but might rely on stimulus/local enhancement rather than referential information. In addition, goats did not improve their responses over time, indicating that no learning took place. The results provide a greater understanding of human-animal interactions and social-cognitive abilities of farm animals, which allows for the provision of enhanced management practices and welfare conditions. RI Nawroth, Christian/C-4017-2018 OI Nawroth, Christian/0000-0003-4582-4057 SN 1664-1078 PD MAY 19 PY 2020 VL 11 AR 915 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00915 UT WOS:000538896400001 PM 32508719 ER PT J AU Soppelsa, O di Martino, C AF Soppelsa, Ottavio di Martino, Chiara TI Domestic Slaughter in Southern Italy, with special reference to Campania Region SO ETHNOBIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB The relationships between animals and humans date back thousands of years. Cultures around the world developed specific ways of interacting with the fauna over time, so that human communities accumulated a huge deposit of animal knowledge closely integrated with many other anthropological aspects focused on the human-animal relationship. Through the administration of a questionnaire-interview, in this work we studied ritual aspects related to animal slaughter, as well as the link between the slaughterhouse and the time of the year. Moreover, the apotropaic uses of Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 and Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777, by local rural communities, were analyzed. The data we collected come with important witnesses, supported by old pictures and tools used during the slaughter that reinforced the story of the interviewee, allowing to draw a timeline after which the relationship between man and farm animals moves and gets modified. These almost forgotten rituals constitute an important ethnozoological knowledge to be integrated into our human cultural heritage. To the best of our data, this is the first study documenting the apotropaic uses of Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 and Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777. All the questionnaires, administered in Campania, were analyzed and compared in the search of ritual customs, archaic beliefs and ancient legacies still present today and inherited from elder times. Rites surrounding animal slaughter aimed at communicating with the divine and at explaining all those processes that cannot be readily answered. Man, by making animals the protagonists of mythological tales and investing them with a sacred force, has linked to the slaughtering act a psychological component that has led the killing itself to being configured as a ritual. From the witnesses gathered, interesting parallelisms emerged stimulating thoughts on a serious and complex dichotomy of our present-day society: a meat-based diet versus the total rejection of it. Integrating scientific knowledge with local ecological ones, the data collected in this work can be used to design an effective and targeted conservation management strategy for these mammals as valid alternative to intensive farming. SN 2238-4782 PD MAY 19 PY 2020 VL 9 AR 16 DI 10.15451/ec2020-05-9.16-1-17 UT WOS:000536620500001 ER PT J AU Mourkas, E Taylor, AJ Meric, G Bayliss, SC Pascoe, B Mageiros, L Calland, JK Hitchings, MD Ridley, A Vidal, A Forbes, KJ Strachan, NJC Parker, CT Parkhill, J Jolley, KA Cody, AJ Maiden, MCJ Kelly, DJ Sheppard, SK AF Mourkas, Evangelos Taylor, Aidan J. Meric, Guillaume Bayliss, Sion C. Pascoe, Ben Mageiros, Leonardos Calland, Jessica K. Hitchings, Matthew D. Ridley, Anne Vidal, Ana Forbes, Ken J. Strachan, Norval J. C. Parker, Craig T. Parkhill, Julian Jolley, Keith A. Cody, Alison J. Maiden, Martin C. J. Kelly, David J. Sheppard, Samuel K. TI Agricultural intensification and the evolution of host specialism in the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Modern agriculture has dramatically changed the distribution of animal species on Earth. Changes to host ecology have a major impact on the microbiota, potentially increasing the risk of zoonotic pathogens being transmitted to humans, but the impact of intensive livestock production on host-associated bacteria has rarely been studied. Here, we use large isolate collections and comparative genomics techniques, linked to phenotype studies, to understand the timescale and genomic adaptations associated with the proliferation of the most common food-born bacterial pathogen (Campylobacter jejuni) in the most prolific agricultural mammal (cattle). Our findings reveal the emergence of cattle specialist C. jejuni lineages from a background of host generalist strains that coincided with the dramatic rise in cattle numbers in the 20th century. Cattle adaptation was associated with horizontal gene transfer and significant gene gain and loss. This may be related to differences in host diet, anatomy, and physiology, leading to the proliferation of globally disseminated cattle specialists of major public health importance. This work highlights how genomic plasticity can allow important zoonotic pathogens to exploit altered niches in the face of anthropogenic change and provides information for mitigating some of the risks posed by modern agricultural systems. RI Pascoe, Ben/C-2253-2009 OI Pascoe, Ben/0000-0001-6376-5121; Hitchings, Matthew/0000-0002-5527-4709; Mourkas, Evangelos/0000-0002-7411-4743; Jolley, Keith/0000-0002-0751-0287 SN 0027-8424 PD MAY 19 PY 2020 VL 117 IS 20 BP 11018 EP 11028 DI 10.1073/pnas.1917168117 UT WOS:000535585100057 PM 32366649 ER PT J AU Mangombi, JB Roqueplo, C Sambou, M Dahmani, M Mediannikov, O Comtet, L Davoust, B AF Mangombi, Joa Brathe Roqueplo, Cedric Sambou, Masse Dahmani, Mustapha Mediannikov, Oleg Comtet, Loic Davoust, Bernard TI Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Domesticated Animals in Northwestern Senegal SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease that can be contracted by direct contact with viremic animals or humans. In West Africa, recurrent CCHF outbreaks have been constantly observed in Mauritania and Senegal. Moreover, acquisition and epidemiology of the infection in humans are correlated with the occurrence and the seroprevalence of the virus in livestock. The main objective of this study is to provide updated information on the local spread of CCHF in animals in the northern region of Senegal. Out of a total of 283 animal sera collected, CCHF-specific antibodies were identified in 92 (32.5%; confidence interval [CI](95%) 27.1-38.3) sera by double antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The prevalence of CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection among horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, donkeys, and goats was 70.3% (45/64), 57.1% (8/14), 22.1% (30/136), 18.2% (2/11), 17.2% (5/29), and 6.9% (2/29), respectively. The antibody titers were found significantly affected by age (p < 0.0001) and gender (p < 0.05). High tick infestation by Rhipicephalus spp. and Hyalomma spp. was recorded on horses. The high seroprevalence to CCHFV among animals in the northern region of Senegal observed in this study indicates the permanent presence of the infection in the northern region of the country suggesting the need to strengthen surveillance plans for CCHF in Senegal. SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 DI 10.1089/vbz.2019.2592 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535581000001 PM 32429789 ER PT J AU Ferreira, CS Plunkett, G Fontes, L AF Sa Ferreira, Carla Plunkett, Gill Fontes, Luis TI Cultural land use and vegetation dynamics in the uplands of northern Portugal from the Middle Ages to the Modern period SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE AB In Europe, mountain landscapes have evolved in a long-term relationship with human communities and present-day landscapes reflect that ancient interaction. The present study aims to reconstruct human activity in two mountain areas in northern Portugal using palynological analysis integrated with the available regional historical, archaeological and palaeoenvironmental archives. Pollen records from two sedimentary sequences span the Medieval and Modern periods and show that mixed agriculture and livestock grazing were consistently present in both regions throughout these times. Variations in cultural indicators show that the extent of farming fluctuated throughout time, with a general increase in cultivation during the Medieval period but with contractions likely coinciding with times of social disturbance. Historical sources suggest that sociopolitical factors and population pressure were fundamental in the utilisation of upland spaces. This study did not find any convincing evidence to suggest that fire was a fundamental factor in heathland spread. We conclude that long-term occupation of the uplands was sustained by low-intensity land use throughout the Medieval to post-Medieval periods, and that the present landscape has assumed a very different character following depopulation of the mountain areas and a shift towards commercial forestry. OI Plunkett, Gill/0000-0003-1014-3454 SN 0267-8179 EI 1099-1417 DI 10.1002/jqs.3211 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534514900001 ER PT J AU Russell, S Power, M Ens, E AF Russell, Shaina Power, Michelle Ens, Emilie TI Cryptosporidium and Giardia in feral water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the South East Arnhem Land Indigenous Protected Area, Australia SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH AB Global investigations have implicated water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) as a potential source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites which may pose a threat to human health. In Australia, buffalo are a feral pest that have colonised the floodplains, wetlands and woodlands of Indigenous owned and managed Arnhem Land, in tropical monsoonal Northern Australia. Indigenous people from the remote community Ngukurr have raised concerns about the potential threat to their health from shared use of surface waters inhabited by buffalo, in the South East Arnhem Land Indigenous Protected Area (SEAL IPA), Northern Australia. Surface waters are valued by local Indigenous people for spiritual and customary reasons, bush foods, medicines and drinking water. Here, we used molecular methods to characterise Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis assemblages from feral water buffalo living in the SEAL IPA to determine potential zoonotic risks to health of Indigenous people through co-use of surface water billabongs. Buffalo faecal DNA was screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia using the 18S rRNA gene. Giardia were also screened using Glutamate hydrogenase (gdh) and beta eta-giardin (beta-giardin) genes. DNA sequencing identified C. ryanae in 9.9% (31/313) and G. duodenalis assemblage E 1.9% (6/313) in buffalo. Cryptosporidium ryanae is not considered zoonotic and G. duodenalis assemblage E is a livestock assemblage that has been reported in humans. Carriage of G. duodenalis assemblage E in buffalo may present a disease risk for Indigenous people utilising billabongs, according to customary practice. OI Power, Michelle/0000-0003-3160-4301; Russell, Shaina/0000-0003-4238-958X SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 DI 10.1007/s00436-020-06703-6 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533821400002 PM 32424553 ER PT J AU Vito, CVG Vieira, HG Ferrarez, AH de Almeida, CMS da Silva, FLF Matos, WO Souza, MD AF Vito, Camila V. G. Vieira, Hellen G. Ferrarez, Adriano H. de Almeida, Cibele M. S. da Silva, Francisco L. F. Matos, Wladiana O. Souza, Murilo de O. TI Inorganic content of rock dust waste from northwest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: do environmental risks incur from its use as natural fertilizer? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT AB The ornamental rock exploration and coating industry has led to significant environmental impacts due to the inadequate manner in which these residues are released into the environment. This impact may be reduced by using these residues for soil enrichment, as they contain high levels of inorganic nutrients. However, some elements may be potential contaminants, thus requiring a thorough previous research before employing these substances in agriculture. In this context, this study aims to determine potentially toxic elements present in rock dust residues, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and V, through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES) after wet decomposition. Cd concentrations in residual rock dust waste surpassed the maximum limit established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply stipulated in normative instruction No. 5/2016 for remineralizers and substrates for plants intended for agriculture. In addition, the official digestion method adopted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa (used for soil analysis) was used for a rock dust waste analysis and compared to two different block digester-based procedures. Accuracy was confirmed by using the Certified Reference Material (CRM) NIST SRM 1646(a) (Estuarine Sediments) and addition/recovery tests. The limits of detection for the aforementioned elements, after aqua-regia-induced digestion, were of 0.07 mg kg(-1) for As, 0.06 mg kg(-1) for Cd, 0.01 mg kg(-1) for Cr, 0.2 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 0.03 mg kg(-1) for Pb, and 0.09 mg kg(-1) for V. RI ; Souza, Murilo/P-1908-2018 OI Vieira, Hellen Goncalves/0000-0003-4683-1064; Souza, Murilo/0000-0002-5299-564X SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 PD MAY 19 PY 2020 VL 192 IS 6 AR 380 DI 10.1007/s10661-020-08348-5 UT WOS:000534236200001 PM 32430686 ER PT J AU Hartman, AT AF Hartman, Adam T. TI Tracking mesoscale convective systems in central equatorial Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY AB The Congo basin in central equatorial Africa is home to some of the most intense convection in the global tropics. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) provide much of the annual rainfall over this region during the March-April-May (MAM) and September-October-November (SON) rainy seasons. Features of these systems are essential to rainfall variability in this region and greatly impact human health, agriculture, livestock, and drought monitoring. Knowledge of variability is hindered by the lack of in-situ observations and meteorological stations. The present study identifies and tracks MCSs for the 33-year period 1983-2015 for MAM and SON. MCS and environmental parameters are calculated for the rainy seasons using satellite and reanalysis data. Spatial distributions of MCS parameters and diurnal cycles for select MCS parameters are compared to prior research. Statistical significance testing is performed to determine if there are meaningful differences between the seasons. Seasonal differences are briefly discussed. 650 hPa relative vorticity patterns suggest localized terrain effects may play a role near a local maximum in MCS initiation frequency in the lee of the Great Rift Valley. Spatial distributions of 33-year MCS counts, trajectories, speeds, sizes, maximum intensities, and durations, based on initiation locations, agree well with prior research. Differences between seasons are statistically significant and variable and latitude dependent. There is high interannual variability among all MCS and environmental parameters. SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 DI 10.1002/joc.6632 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534097200001 ER PT J AU Wang, YW Yue, HB Peng, Q He, C Hong, S Bryan, BA AF Wang, Yanwen Yue, Huanbi Peng, Qing He, Chao Hong, Song Bryan, Brett A. TI Recent responses of grassland net primary productivity to climatic and anthropogenic factors in Kyrgyzstan SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Net primary productivity (NPP) is an essential indicator of ecosystem function and sustainability and plays a vital role in the carbon cycle, especially in arid and semiarid grassland ecosystems. Quantifying trends in NPP and identifying the contributing factors are important for understanding the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on grassland degradation. For our case-study of Kyrgyzstan, we quantified from 2000 to 2014 the spatial and temporal patterns in climate-driven potential NPP (NPPP) using the Zhou Guangsheng model specifically developed for Asian grasslands, and actual NPP (NPPA) using the globally calibrated MOD17A3 NPP data product. By calculating the difference between NPPP and NPPA, we inferred human-induced NPP (NPPH) and thereby characterized changes in grassland NPP attributable to anthropogenic activities. The results showed that grassland NPPA in Kyrgyzstan experienced a slight decrease over time at an average rate of -0.87 g C center dot m(-2)center dot yr(-1) but patterns varied between provinces. Nearly 60% of Kyrgyzstan's grasslands experienced degradation mostly in the northern parts of the country, while grassland NPPA increased over more than 40% of the study area, occurring mostly in the south. Climate change, in particular change in precipitation was the dominant factor driving grassland degradation in the north but human pressures also contributed. In the south, however, human activities were associated with extensive areas of grassland recovery. The results provide important contextual understanding for supporting policy for grassland conservation and restoration under future climate change and intensifying human pressures. RI Bryan, Brett/F-8949-2010 OI Bryan, Brett/0000-0003-4834-5641 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3623 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534098900001 ER PT J AU Yang, H Ciais, P Santoro, M Huang, YY Li, W Wang, YL Bastos, A Goll, D Arneth, A Anthoni, P Arora, VK Friedlingstein, P Harverd, V Joetzjer, E Kautz, M Lienert, S Nabel, JEMS O'Sullivan, M Sitch, S Vuichard, N Wiltshire, A Zhu, D AF Yang, Hui Ciais, Philippe Santoro, Maurizio Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Wang, Yilong Bastos, Ana Goll, Daniel Arneth, Almut Anthoni, Peter Arora, Vivek K. Friedlingstein, Pierre Harverd, Vanessa Joetzjer, Emilie Kautz, Markus Lienert, Sebastian Nabel, Julia E. M. S. O'Sullivan, Michael Sitch, Stephen Vuichard, Nicolas Wiltshire, Andy Zhu, Dan TI Comparison of forest above-ground biomass from dynamic global vegetation models with spatially explicit remotely sensed observation-based estimates SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Gaps in our current understanding and quantification of biomass carbon stocks, particularly in tropics, lead to large uncertainty in future projections of the terrestrial carbon balance. We use the recently published GlobBiomass data set of forest above-ground biomass (AGB) density for the year 2010, obtained from multiple remote sensing and in situ observations at 100 m spatial resolution to evaluate AGB estimated by nine dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). The global total forest AGB of the nine DGVMs is 365 +/- 66 Pg C, the spread corresponding to the standard deviation between models, compared to 275 Pg C with an uncertainty of similar to 13.5% from GlobBiomass. Model-data discrepancy in total forest AGB can be attributed to their discrepancies in the AGB density and/or forest area. While DGVMs represent the global spatial gradients of AGB density reasonably well, they only have modest ability to reproduce the regional spatial gradients of AGB density at scales below 1000 km. The 95th percentile of AGB density (AGB(95)) in tropics can be considered as the potential maximum of AGB density which can be reached for a given annual precipitation. GlobBiomass data show local deficits of AGB density compared to the AGB(95), particularly in transitional and/or wet regions in tropics. We hypothesize that local human disturbances cause more AGB density deficits from GlobBiomass than from DGVMs, which rarely represent human disturbances. We then analyse empirical relationships between AGB density deficits and forest cover changes, population density, burned areas and livestock density. Regression analysis indicated that more than 40% of the spatial variance of AGB density deficits in South America and Africa can be explained; in Southeast Asia, these factors explain only similar to 25%. This result suggests TRENDY v6 DGVMs tend to underestimate biomass loss from diverse and widespread anthropogenic disturbances, and as a result overestimate turnover time in AGB. RI Bastos, Ana/G-2927-2013 OI Bastos, Ana/0000-0002-7368-7806; Li, Wei/0000-0003-2543-2558 SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 PD JUL PY 2020 VL 26 IS 7 BP 3997 EP 4012 DI 10.1111/gcb.15117 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533672900001 PM 32427397 ER PT J AU Para, IA Dar, PA Malla, BA Punetha, M Rautela, A Maqbool, I Mohd, A Shah, MA War, ZA Ishaaq, R Malla, WA Sheikh, AA Rayees, M AF Para, Irshad Ahmad Dar, Parvez Ahmad Malla, Bilal Ahmad Punetha, Meeti Rautela, Ankita Maqbool, Ishfaq Mohd, Aquil Shah, Mudasir Ahmad War, Zahoor Ahmad Ishaaq, Raja Malla, Waseem Akram Sheikh, Aasif Ahmad Rayees, Mohmmad TI Impact of heat stress on the reproduction of farm animals and strategies to ameliorate it SO BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM RESEARCH AB Animals are susceptible to heat stress under tropical environmental conditions. Exposure of growing male and female animals to severe heat stress during summer adversely affects their growth and reproductive traits, reduces the resistance to diseases and induces infertility in farm animals and represents a major source of economic loss to the livestock sector. During the summer season, animals usually suffer from summer sterility due to prevailing hot and humid conditions. In female animal's age at puberty, estrous signs, ovulation time, ova quality, conception rate, embryonic development, embryo size, embryo weight and hormonal balance are affected by exposure to heat stress. The most sensitive to heat stress are growing ovarian follicles. Heat stress-induced changes in growing follicles can be expressed later as compromised maturation and developmental capacity of the ovulating oocyte. In males, sex hormone levels, spermatogenesis, temporary sterility, libido, ejaculate volume, macroscopic as well as microscopic semen characteristics in an ejaculate are affected, and sperm abnormalities and dead sperm increase by exposure to the heat stress. Various heat stress amelioration technologies have evolved to circumvent the fertility reduction in dairy cattle and other livestock animals. New breakthroughs such as estrus synchronization, embryo transfer technique, cryopreservation of gametes and genetic manipulation, nutraceuticals (feed additives, pre and probiotics) and managerial changes may exist to improve summer fertility. This review summarizes the most up-to-date information on the effects of heat stress on the male and female reproduction especially under tropical conditions. OI Nabi Khan, Raja Ishaq/0000-0003-1891-0654 SN 0929-1016 EI 1744-4179 PD MAY 18 PY 2020 VL 51 IS 4 BP 616 EP 632 DI 10.1080/09291016.2018.1548870 UT WOS:000538046200001 ER PT J AU Verster, AM Liang, JE Rostal, MK Kemp, A Brand, RF Anyamba, A Cordel, C Schall, R Zwiegers, H Paweska, JT Karesh, WB van Huyssteen, CW AF Verster, Anna M. Liang, Janice E. Rostal, Melinda K. Kemp, Alan Brand, Robert F. Anyamba, Assaf Cordel, Claudia Schall, Robert Zwiegers, Herman Paweska, Janusz T. Karesh, William B. van Huyssteen, Cornie W. TI Selected wetland soil properties correlate to Rift Valley fever livestock mortalities reported in 2009-10 in central South Africa SO PLOS ONE AB Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever have devastating impacts on ruminants, humans, as well as on regional and national economies. Although numerous studies on the impact and outbreak of Rift Valley fever exist, relatively little is known about the role of environmental factors, especially soil, on the aestivation of the virus. This study thus selected 22 sites for study in central South Africa, known to be the recurrent epicenter of widespread Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Southern Africa. Soils were described, sampled and analyzed in detail at each site. Of all the soil variables analyzed for, only eight (cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca2+, exchangeable K+, exchangeable Mg2+, soluble Ca2+, medium sand, As, and Br) were statistically identified to be potential indicators of sites with reported Rift Valley fever mortalities, as reported for the 2009-2010 Rift Valley fever outbreak. Four soil characteristics (exchangeable K+, exchangeable Mg2+, medium sand, and Br) were subsequently included in a discriminant function that could potentially be used to predict sites that had reported Rift Valley fever-associated mortalities in livestock. This study therefore constitutes an initial attempt to predict sites prone to Rift Valley fever livestock mortality from soil properties and thus serves as a basis for broader research on the interaction between soil, mosquitoes and Rift Valley fever virus. Future research should include other environmental components such as vegetation, climate, and water properties as well as correlating soil properties with floodwater Aedes spp. abundance and Rift Valley fever virus prevalence. SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 18 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0232481 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0232481 UT WOS:000537499600011 PM 32421747 ER PT J AU Massimi, E Khezri, A Benderbal, HH Benyoucef, L AF Massimi, Elisa Khezri, Amirhossein Benderbal, Hichem Haddou Benyoucef, Lyes TI A heuristic-based non-linear mixed integer approach for optimizing modularity and integrability in a sustainable reconfigurable manufacturing environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AB Nowadays, manufacturing environment is characterized by the necessity of customized flexibility as well as coping rapidly and cost-effectively to changing market demands. These challenges must be fulfilled while minimizing impacts on the environment and the society. To reach these goals, a key paradigm called sustainable manufacturing can be coupled with reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs). The coupling of sustainability concerns with RMS characteristics is a basis to develop a new generation of sustainable production systems. This paper outlines sustainability in a reconfigurable environment from an energy consumption point of view. A non-linear mathematical model is developed to optimize the energy consumption in an RMS through a redefinition of two of its core characteristics, i.e., modularity and integrability. The objective is to minimize the energy consumption of the system by selecting the most suitable modular machines from a set of candidate machines. The optimization problem is addressed using an exhaustive search heuristic algorithm. Finally, the applicability of the proposed heuristic is demonstrated through simple illustrative numerical examples and the discussions of the obtained results. SN 0268-3768 EI 1433-3015 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 108 IS 7-8 BP 1997 EP 2020 DI 10.1007/s00170-020-05366-y EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533844000002 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Gimenez, ME Ritten, J AF Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E. Ritten, John TI An economic analysis of transhumance in the Central Spanish Pyrenees SO PASTORALISM-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE AB The ecological and risk -management rationales for livestock mobility are well established. Yet, few studies evaluate the economic benefits and costs of maintaining or resuming mobile, extensive livestock production compared to sedentary or semi-extensive production. Here, we empirically evaluate pastoralists' claims that transhumance, a specific type of long-distance herd mobility, is a more profitable system compared to semi-extensive production in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Specifically, we use enterprise budget data from transhumant and semi-extensive operations to develop a baseline typical sheep operation budget. We then use partial budget analysis coupled with economic simulations to determine the conditions under which transhumance by truck or on foot becomes profitable relative to semi-extensive production. We find that transhumance by foot is more profitable than transhumance by truck and that relative profitability compared to semi-extensive production depends on operational scale, feed prices, and the lambing rates (productivity) of each system. Over all simulated scenarios, transhumance is more profitable 64-78% of the time. This analysis thus provides initial evidence of the economic rationality of transhumance under contemporary environmental and economic conditions, filling a notable gap in research on the economics of transhumance. Future research could expand the analysis to cattle operations and to other regions of Spain, assess the full social and environmental benefits and costs of transhumance, and evaluate the effects of exogenous factors like drought on production costs and profitability to determine if transhumance is an adaptive strategy under a changing climate. The analysis we present could be used as a basis to develop and pilot test interactive budgeting tools that support herder decision-making and planning under economic and environmental uncertainty. OI Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria/0000-0001-9641-1434 SN 2041-7136 PD MAY 18 PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.1186/s13570-020-00163-4 UT WOS:000536593400002 ER PT J AU Nerin, C Su, QZ Vera, PL Mendoza, N Ausejo, R AF Nerin, Cristina Su, Qi-Zhi Vera, Paula Mendoza, Noelia Ausejo, Raquel TI Influence of nonylphenol from multilayer plastic films on artificial insemination of sows SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AB Artificial insemination is common practice in mass livestock farming. Recently, it was shown that chemicals leaching from multilayer plastic bags affect the fertility of boars, although common quality tests did not show any impact on the sperm. It is not clear whether this incidence was a single case or whether it could be a systematic problem. Therefore, we studied six multilayer plastic bags. A total of 49 compounds were found, but most of them were at very low intensity. Nonylphenols in the range of 19-99 mu g/g plastic were found. Migration tests using water and 10% ethanol as simulants, to mimic the behavior of semen with the extender, were performed. The most interesting migrants in terms of potential reprotoxicity were identified as nonylphenols. The identification in depth demonstrated the presence of 10 isomers of nonylphenol with a total concentration range between 16 to 58 mu g/Kg simulant, among other migrants at lower concentration. The influence of these nonylphenols and their maximum tolerable concentration in direct contact with semen from boars was studied. Motility, viability, mitochondrial activity and acrosomes reacted were significantly affected at 10 mg/Kg of nonylphenols in contact with the sperm, but in vitro penetration rate was significantly decreased with only 2 mg/Kg. Insight into the mode of action is also provided. SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 DI 10.1007/s00216-020-02698-2 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534115900001 PM 32424797 ER PT J AU Palmer, C Souza, GL Laray, E Viana, V Hall, A AF Palmer, Charles Souza, Grace Lara Laray, Edilza Viana, Virgilio Hall, Anthony TI Participatory policies and intrinsic motivation to conserve forest commons SO NATURE SUSTAINABILITY AB A framed common-pool resource game analysis in the Brazilian Amazon shows that participatory initiatives are associated with cooperative behaviour and intrinsic motivations for tree conservation. Participatory policies for natural resource management and poverty reduction have been implemented worldwide. Inclusive participation and empowerment potentially enhances intrinsic motivation to conserve resources. However, whether participation in activities for poverty reduction enhances intrinsic motivation for resource conservation is unknown. We evaluate the impact of participation, in activities to develop sustainable livelihoods, on the intrinsic motivation of forest-dwelling community members to conserve forest commons. As a component of Brazil's Bolsa Floresta programme, these activities involve decision making, skills training and knowledge exchange related to sustainable livelihoods. Using a framed common-pool resource game with 160 community members in Amazonas State, we measure intrinsic motivation via members' extent of cooperation in conservation of trees. We obtain an estimate of impact by exploiting a natural experiment, whereby the treatment group was offered the choice to participate in activities to develop sustainable livelihoods. We find that participation crowds in cooperative behaviour and, hence, intrinsic motivation to conserve forest commons. This result suggests that enabling participation and empowering community members in the development of sustainable livelihoods has a positive effect on conservation behaviour. Our results have critical implications for participatory policies with dual environment-development goals in settings where policy recipients are marginalized. OI Palmer, Charles/0000-0002-1252-179X SN 2398-9629 DI 10.1038/s41893-020-0531-8 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533817300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Jiang, SF Huang, BC Shen, XC Chen, WJ Zhou, TP Cheng, HY Cheng, BH Wu, CZ Li, WW Jiang, H Yu, HQ AF Zhang, Shun Jiang, Shun-Feng Huang, Bao-Cheng Shen, Xian-Cheng Chen, Wen-Jing Zhou, Tian-Pei Cheng, Hui-Yuan Cheng, Bin-Hai Wu, Chang-Zheng Li, Wen-Wei Jiang, Hong Yu, Han-Qing TI Sustainable production of value-added carbon nanomaterials from biomass pyrolysis SO NATURE SUSTAINABILITY AB Biomass pyrolysis for renewable energy and chemicals offers sustainability advantages but is expensive. This study shows a route to improve both the sustainability and economic viability of biomass pyrolysis by using pyrolytic gases and waste heat to fabricate high-quality carbon nanomaterials. The production of renewable energy and chemicals from biomass can be performed sustainably using pyrolysis, but the production costs associated with biomass pyrolysis hinder its wider application. The use of renewable precursors and waste heat to fabricate high-quality functional carbon nanomaterials can considerably improve the sustainability and economic viability of this process. Here, we propose a method to maximize the economic benefits and the sustainability of biomass pyrolysis by utilizing waste pyrolysis gases and waste heat to prepare high-quality three-dimensional graphene foams (3DGFs). The resulting 3DGFs exhibit excellent performance in environmental and energy-storage applications. On the basis of a life-cycle assessment, the overall life-cycle impacts of the present synthetic route on human health, ecosystems and resources are less than those of the conventional chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. Overall, incorporating the pyrolytic route for fabricating functional carbonaceous materials into the biomass pyrolysis process improves the sustainability and economic viability of the process and can support wider commercial application of biomass pyrolysis. RI Huang, Bao-Cheng/O-8564-2019; Jiang, Hong/F-1778-2010 OI Huang, Bao-Cheng/0000-0001-7074-4089; Jiang, Hong/0000-0002-4261-7987 SN 2398-9629 DI 10.1038/s41893-020-0538-1 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533817300004 ER PT J AU Togola, A Boukar, O Servent, A Chamarthi, S Tamo, M Fatokun, C AF Togola, A. Boukar, O. Servent, A. Chamarthi, S. Tamo, M. Fatokun, C. TI Identification of sources of resistance in cowpea mini core accessions to Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their biochemical characterization SO EUPHYTICA AB Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) is an important grain legume for human and livestock nutrition, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae), is one of the most widespread and destructive insect pests of cowpea and host-plant resistance is an effective approach to minimize the pest damage at seedling stage. This study was aimed at identifying resistant sources to A. craccivora within the cowpea mini core collection, a set of accessions from the largest world cowpea germplasm collection maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). A total of 375 lines including 373 from IITA mini core collection, one resistant (TVu-801) and one susceptible (TVx-3236) checks were evaluated through artificial infestation in screening cages during the seedling stage. In cages, genotypes were planted in single rows containing four plants. They were arranged in an augmented design in which the two checks were sown in individual cages. Scoring for aphid population and damage levels were carried out on individual plants at 7, 14, and 21 days after planting. Advanced bioassays and biochemical analyses were conducted to investigate the mechanism of resistance to A. craccivora. Overall, three genotypes TVu-6464, TVu-1583, and TVu-15445 showed good levels of resistance comparable to the resistant check TVu-801. The HPLC analyses proved that both low sucrose levels in the plant, as well as high levels of kaempferol and quercetin, aglycones of phenolic compounds, were related with high resistance to aphids. The above genotypes with promising levels of resistance to A. craccivora will be used in cowpea breeding programs to develop improved resistant lines against this pest. OI TOGOLA, Abou/0000-0001-6155-8292 SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 PD MAY 17 PY 2020 VL 216 IS 6 AR 88 DI 10.1007/s10681-020-02619-5 UT WOS:000533676100001 PM 32587414 ER PT J AU Tsuyuguchi, BB Morgan, EA Rego, JC Galvao, CD AF Tsuyuguchi, Barbara B. Morgan, Edward A. Rego, Janiro C. Galvao, Carlos de Oliveira TI Governance of alluvial aquifers and community participation: a social-ecological systems analysis of the Brazilian semi-arid region SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL AB Small and shallow alluvial aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions compose an important water system that smallholder farmers rely on for irrigation and livestock feeding. Geological settings and the small scale of these aquifers suggest the need for governance at the local level, but research supporting its development is still scarce. Treating a case of alluvial aquifers exploited by smallholder farmers located in the Brazilian semi-arid region as a common pool resource (CPR), this paper analyses the governance of a social-ecological system (SES) for which an alluvial aquifer is an essential source of water. The paper applies the SES Framework to analyse the SES in light of Ostrom's principles for sustainable CPR management to answer the questions: (1) can the governance arrangements support sustainable common pool resource management of the alluvial aquifers? (2) what opportunities are there to make the management of the aquifer more sustainable through community-based governance? (3) can Ostrom's design principles lead the transition to more sustainable governance of alluvial aquifers? Despite a water policy aiming for decentralisation and participatory governance, gaps in the implementation of these policies are identified. Taking into account the challenges imposed by the aquifer characteristics to impact efficient groundwater exploitation, equity in water distribution and conservation of the CPR, the analysis reveals opportunities to improve CPR management by supporting the community to increase participation in the governance of the aquifer in coordination with existing policies. This work concludes with suggestions that could empower community progress towards more sustainable governance of the aquifer. SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 DI 10.1007/s10040-020-02160-8 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533165300002 ER PT J AU Pischke, EC Wellstead, AM AF Pischke, Erin C. Wellstead, Adam M. TI Reimagining instrument constituencies: the case of conservation policy in Mexico SO POLICY SCIENCES AB Throughout the developing world, payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs are popular policy instruments that allow those who rely on such amenities as drinking water and clean air to pay the landowners who, in turn, provide and care for those services so the resources are protected and sustainably available in the future. Despite the popularity of PES programs as policy instruments, they have been proven largely ineffective in achieving their long-term goals. Specifically, they have failed to conserve the targeted ecosystem services. We examine Mexican instrument constituencies that have promoted use of a PES program, the payments for hydrological services (PHS) program. Instrument constituencies are groups of policy actors who are bound by an interest in a particular policy instrument or solution. Although the PHS program has been in existence for nearly 20 years, the evidence points to policy drift and overall policy failure. The path-dependent nature of the instrument constituency and resulting feedbacks have crowded out any chance of more effective forest or water conservation programs from being established. A case-based counterfactual analysis is employed to consider alternative program choices that could exist in the absence of a PHS instrument constituency. OI Wellstead, Adam/0000-0003-0601-2793 SN 0032-2687 EI 1573-0891 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 53 IS 2 SI SI BP 371 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s11077-020-09389-w EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533174600001 ER PT J AU Li, XY Bleisch, WV Liu, XW Hu, WQ Jiang, XL AF Li, X. Y. Bleisch, W. V. Liu, X. W. Hu, W. Q. Jiang, X. L. TI Human disturbance and prey occupancy as predictors of carnivore richness and biomass in a Himalayan hotspot SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION AB Carnivores are of high ecological importance and often serve as flagship species for conservation. Yet, the direct and indirect effects of trophic interactions and human disturbance on carnivore communities and the occurrence of their prey in temperate forests remain poorly understood. Here we evaluate the direct and indirect effects of net primary productivity, prey (Muntjac spp) occupancy and human disturbance in shaping carnivore richness and biomass based on camera-trap data and path analysis. Path analysis indicated that muntjac occupancy and proximity of human settlements were the main factors structuring carnivore communities. Carnivore biomass was directly affected by muntjac occupancy, while carnivore richness increased with distance from the nearest residential site. Muntjac occupancy per se directly depended on net primary productivity. We also identified several indirect effects on carnivore biomass. Increasing distance to the nearest residential site had a positive indirect effect on carnivore biomass that was mediated by increasing carnivore richness. Net primary productivity was positively associated with carnivore biomass indirectly via increasing muntjac occupancy. There were no significant correlations between the occurrence probability of livestock and muntjac. Our results point to the importance of incorporating prey occurrence and human disturbance in modelling biodiversity patterns of carnivore communities. Carnivore conservation management practices should include efforts to stop hunting and to restrict human presence in the core zones of protected areas. SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 DI 10.1111/acv.12600 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532987600001 ER PT J AU Tabatabaei, F Azarmi, S Afshar, MJA Yarizadeh, H Mohtasebi, S AF Tabatabaei, Farbod Azarmi, Sahar Abbaszadeh Afshar, Mohammad Javad Yarizadeh, Hamed Mohtasebi, Sina TI Blackfly fever and dermatitis caused by Simulium kiritshenkoi: a human case report in Iran SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES AB Background Besides the considerable role of blackflies to the transmission of many disease agents, these flies considered as annoying biting pests of wildlife, livestock, poultry, and humans. There are few literature reports of blackfly fever following Simulium spp. This study describes a case of blackfly fever and dermatitis following blackflies numerous bites in Iran. Case presentation The present report describes a 25-year-old man that was attacked by numerous flies while fishing and camping near Namrood river in Firuzkuh County, Tehran Province, Iran. Pruritic dermatitis with marked edema appeared mainly on the hands and legs and subsequently, the patient's condition worsened with swollen lymph nodes, joints aching, and 40 degrees C fever. The patient's clinical signs and symptoms were alleviated by injection of intramuscular Dexamethasone Phosphate (DEXADIC (R)) 8 mg/2 ml after 24 h. Conclusions This study reported a human case with blackfly fever and dermatitis following numerous bites of Simulium kiritshenkoi, for the first time in Iran. EI 1471-2334 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 20 IS 1 AR 348 DI 10.1186/s12879-020-05070-y UT WOS:000536080400002 PM 32414336 ER PT J AU Rahimi, J Mutua, JY Notenbaert, AMO Dieng, D Butterbach-Bahl, K AF Rahimi, Jaber Mutua, John Yumbya Notenbaert, An M. O. Dieng, Diarra Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus TI Will dairy cattle production in West Africa be challenged by heat stress in the future? SO CLIMATIC CHANGE AB This study focuses on heat stress conditions for dairy cattle production in West Africa under current and future climatic conditions. After testing the accuracy of the dynamically downscaled climate datasets for simulating the historical daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and relative humidity (RH) in West Africa for 50 meteorological stations, we used the dataset for calculating the temperature-humidity index (THI), i.e., an index indicating heat stress for dairy cattle on a daily scale. Calculations were made for the historical period (1981-2010) using the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset, and for two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2100) using climate predictions of the GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, and MPI-ESM-MR Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under the RCP4.5 emission scenario. Here, we show that during the period from 1981 to 2010 for > 1/5 of the region of West Africa, the frequency of severe/danger heat events per year, i.e., events that result in significant decreases in productive and reproductive performances, increased from 11 to 29-38 days (significant at 95% confidence level). Most obvious changes were observed for the eastern and southeastern parts. Under future climate conditions periods with severe/danger heat stress events will increase further as compared with the historical period by 5-22% depending on the GCM used. Moreover, the average length of periods with severe/danger heat stress is expected to increase from similar to 3 days in the historical period to similar to 4-7 days by 2021-2050 and even to up to 10 days by 2071-2100. Based on the average results of three GCMs, by 2071-2100, around 22% of dairy cattle population currently living in this area is expected to experience around 70 days more of severe/danger heat stress (compare with the historical period), especially in the southern half of West Africa. The result is alarming, as it shows that dairy production systems in West Africa are jeopardized at large scale by climate change and that depending on the GCM used, milk production might decrease by 200-400 kg/year by 2071-2100 in around 1, 7, or 11%. Our study calls for the development of improved dairy cattle production systems with higher adaptive capacity in order to deal with expected future heat stress conditions. OI Rahimi, Jaber/0000-0002-2754-2358 SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 DI 10.1007/s10584-020-02733-2 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532879000001 ER PT J AU Jin, JJ Niu, JP Guo, TT Zhou, RL Sun, LZ AF Jin, Jingjing Niu, Junpeng Guo, Tongtian Zhou, Ronglei Sun, Luan Zi TI The effect of drought on physiological responses of forage plants to salt stresses depends on occurring time SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM AB Drought and salinity are two common abiotic stresses that restrain plant growth and often co-occur, either simultaneously or sequentially. However, the effect of drought on physiological responses of plants to salinity remains unclear. Accordingly, we selected three forage species that differ in drought and salinity tolerance: ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Independent and combined (sequential and simultaneous pattern) drought and salinity were carried out in a pot experiment. Salinity severely injured the plants through decreasing leaf water content and increasing Na+ and Cl- concentrations. Compared to the individual salinity treatment, the sequential drought and salinity treatment remarkably enhanced the leaf water status and decreased toxic ion uptake, thereby decreasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, and membrane leakage. In contrast, the oxidative damage that resulted from the simultaneous stress treatment was more pronounced than that produced by the independent salinity treatment, which can be attributed to decreased water content, increased toxic ion intake, or/and reduced antioxidant activity. Our results suggested that the physiological responses to combined drought and salinity remarkably depends on the temporal pattern of those stresses. SN 0137-5881 EI 1861-1664 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 42 IS 6 AR 91 DI 10.1007/s11738-020-03083-3 UT WOS:000533073700001 ER PT J AU Ben Said, L Emond-Rheault, JG Soltani, S Telhig, S Zirah, S Rebuffat, S Diarra, MS Goodridge, L Levesque, RC Fliss, I AF Ben Said, Laila Emond-Rheault, Jean-Guillaume Soltani, Samira Telhig, Sofiane Zirah, Severine Rebuffat, Sylvie Diarra, Moussa Sory Goodridge, Lawrence Levesque, Roger C. Fliss, Ismail TI Phenomic and genomic approaches to studying the inhibition of multiresistant Salmonella enterica by microcin J25 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB In livestock production, antibiotics are used to promote animal growth, control infections and thereby increase profitability. This practice has led to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria such as Salmonella, of which some serovars are disseminated in the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate microcin J25 as an inhibitor of Salmonella enterica serovars of various origins including human, livestock and food. Among the 116 isolates tested, 37 (31.8%) were found resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 28 were multiresistant with 19 expressing the penta-resistant phenotype ACSSuT. Microcin J25 inhibited all isolates, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.06 mu g/ml (28.4 nM) to 400 mu g/ml (189 mu M). Interestingly, no cross-resistance was found between microcin J25 and antibiotics. Multiple sequence alignments of genes encoding for the different proteins involved in the recognition and transport of microcin J25 showed that only ferric-hydroxamate uptake is an essential determinant for susceptibility of S. enterica to microcin J25. Examination of Salmonella strains exposed to microcin J25 by transmission electronic microscopy showed for the first-time involvement of a pore formation mechanism. Microcin J25 was a strong inhibitor of several multiresistant isolates of Salmonella and may have a great potential as an alternative to antibiotics. SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.15045 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532825700001 PM 32363677 ER PT J AU Barreto, RF Prado, RD Habermann, E Viciedo, DO Martinez, CA AF Barreto, Rafael Ferreira Prado, Renato de Mello Habermann, Eduardo Viciedo, Diller Olivera Martinez, Carlos Alberto TI Warming Change Nutritional Status and Improve Stylosanthes capitata Vogel Growth Only Under Well-Watered Conditions SO JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION AB Climate change may impact plant nutritional status and productivity. However, few studies evaluate the effects of global change variables on tropical forage species under field conditions. In this study, we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and its relations with net photosynthesis rate and aboveground dry mass production of Stylosanthes capitata, a C-3 tropical forage legume under field conditions. We tested two canopy temperature levels, ambient (Ta) and elevated temperatures (2 degrees C above ambient temperature, Te), and two soil moisture levels, irrigated (plants maintained at 80% of soil field capacity, I) and drought (D). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme. Our results showed that warming decreased leaf N and P content, while leaf K content increased, leading to an increase in C:P and C:N ratios and dry mass production. Drought increased leaf K content, and decreased leaf N content, leading to an increased C:N ratio and decreased dry mass. No changes were observed for leaf C, Ca, Mg, and S content due to our treatments. In addition, regression analysis showed that changes in leaf nutrient contents were not associated with changes in the net photosynthesis rate, except for leaf N content in the combined warming and drought treatment. Our short-term experiment indicates that although biomass production will not be modified under a combination of warming and drought, both environmental factors may negatively impact the animal feeding and livestock in the future due to a decreased leaf N and P content. RI Olivera Viciedo, Dilier/D-6135-2017 OI Olivera Viciedo, Dilier/0000-0002-7975-9508 SN 0718-9508 EI 0718-9516 DI 10.1007/s42729-020-00255-5 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533063500001 ER PT J AU Ptakova, M Pokorny, P Sida, P Novak, J Horacek, I Jurickova, L Meduna, P Bezdek, A Myskova, E Walls, M Poschlod, P AF Ptakova, Michaela Pokorny, Petr Sida, Petr Novak, Jan Horatek, Ivan Jurickova, Lucie Meduna, Petr Bezdek, Ales Myskova, Eva Walls, Matthew Poschlod, Peter TI From Mesolithic hunters to Iron Age herders: a unique record of woodland use from eastern central Europe (Czech Republic) SO VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY AB In a continuous, perfectly stratified sedimentary sequence which was discovered under a large sandstone overhang in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, we analysed multiple biological remains, archaeological features and artefacts. This multi-proxy record has allowed us to examine the interactions between woodland and humans in a permanently wooded environment throughout almost the entire Holocene. We paid most attention to massive finds of dung pellets from sheep, goats or pigs and bedding layers which show that the site was used as a pen and shelter for livestock which grazed in the woods. Our results imply that such practices have occurred since the Neolithic, but the most robust evidence of these is for the Iron Age and early Middle Ages. Detailed analyses of the dung indicate woodland grazing and foddering with branches, acorns, beechnuts and crop processing remains. In addition, the wide palaeoenvironmental range of this detailed investigation provides evidence of the impact of wood pasturing on ecological functions, taxon composition and diversity of the local woodland ecosystem in the Holocene. RI ; Novak, Jan/B-2313-2009 OI Walls, Matthew/0000-0003-4687-6297; Novak, Jan/0000-0002-1585-0150 SN 0939-6314 EI 1617-6278 DI 10.1007/s00334-020-00784-0 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533058800001 ER PT J AU Ma, SY AF Ma, Shiyi TI High-resolution assessment of ammonia emissions in China: Inventories, driving forces and mitigation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT AB Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a major air pollutant. China is a global hotspot of NH3 emissions and, as a consequence, comprehensive and high-resolution temporal and spatial assessments and mitigation potential of NH3 emissions are particularly important for the environment, human and ecosystem health. This study demonstrates that national NH3 emissions in China have increased by 102% from 1978 to 2017. Cropland was the major emitter accounting for 38-52% of the emissions, followed by livestock and waste disposal. These three sources accounted for approximately 80% of total emissions nationwide over the past four decades. NH3 hotspots (NH3 emission densities > 5 Mg N km(-2) yr(-1)) were scattered in the Bohai Rim region, North China Plain, the Middle and Lower Yangtze River and the southeast coast in 1978. By 2017, the hotspots had expanded to a larger area of the North China Plain, the Middle and Lower Yangtze River and the Sichuan Basin. In 1978, these hotspots occupied about 2% the land area and contributed to about 46% of total NH 3 emissions. By 2017, the hotspots expanded to about 12% of the land area and contributed to more than 70% of the emissions. This study also performed the driving force analysis and found that the population growth had a crucial impact on NH3 emissions with an annual contribution degree of 183%, while the per capita GDP and the urbanization were negatively correlated with NH3 emissions. The analysis of six mitigation scenarios indicates that adopting measures from the production side (including larger farm size, 4 R nutrient stewardship, low emission housing and waste treatment tail gas management) will generate 10-15% reduction potential, whereas encouraging healthy and reasonable diet scenario will reduce 26% by 2030. These findings substantially improve our understanding on NH3 emissions and have implications for air pollution control strategies and policy measures. SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 229 AR 117458 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117458 UT WOS:000530031600014 ER PT J AU Gardner, G Johnston, RJ AF Gardner, George Johnston, Robert J. TI What does it cost to ensure salt marsh migration? Using hedonic modeling to inform cost-effective conservation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB The preservation of salt marshes under rapid sea-level rise (SLR) typically requires the conservation of marsh transgression zones-undeveloped uplands onto which marshes can migrate. Optimal planning for conservation of this type requires information on the expected benefit of marsh conservation and the cost of land suitable for marsh migration in particular areas. While information is available on marsh benefits within the literature, prior research provides little insight on associated land conservation costs. The coastal hedonic pricing literature focuses primarily on developed land, and there are no models designed to predict the cost of conserving land suitable for marsh migration. This paper develops a hedonic property value model to predict cost and explore price patterns associated with purchases of undeveloped land suitable for salt marsh migration under SLR. The model is illustrated using a case study from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, with a dataset consisting of open-market sales of undeveloped land from 2014 to 2017. Particular attention is paid to characteristics that determine marsh migration potential such as coastal distance, elevation and connectivity. Results demonstrate the insight for conservation planning that can be provided by models of this type and the errors associated with the use of simplified proxies to predict conservation costs of land suitable for marsh migration. SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 262 AR 110262 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110262 UT WOS:000527016200010 PM 32250778 ER PT J AU Wei, D Zhao, H Zhang, JX Qi, YH Wang, XD AF Wei, Da Zhao, Hui Zhang, Jianxin Qi, Yahui Wang, Xiaodan TI Human activities alter response of alpine grasslands on Tibetan Plateau to climate change SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB The world's largest alpine pastures are found on the Tibetan Plateau, where considerable climate changes and human impacts have been experienced. Identifying their contributions to terrestrial productivity is essential if we are to adapt to, or mitigate the effects of, climate change. In this work, we begin by showing how the current warming and wetting of the climate over the last three decades has favored plant growth, as consistently captured by satellite observations and 15 models. However, the interactions between climate factors explain less of the variation in greenness observed by satellites after the 2000s, implying non-climatic influences. Next, we show that there is a significant negative impact of livestock grazing on pasture greenness, especially in peak summer. Official statistics across 72 counties verify these negative impacts, especially in poorer pastures with a higher density of grazing livestock. The variation in grazing density has a stronger negative effect on vegetation growth during the early part of the growing season after the 2000s, as compared with that before the 2000s. We found a compensatory effect of grazing and climate on alpine grassland growth, and the grazing regulates the response of vegetation greenness to climate change by modulating the dependency of vegetation growth on temperature. Thus, we suggest there is a weakening influence of climate on the greenness of alpine pastures, largely due to a strengthening influence of management, which should be considered by both the scientific community and policymakers. OI Qi, Yahui/0000-0002-7927-7605 SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 262 AR 110335 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110335 UT WOS:000527016200054 PM 32250812 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kim, S Mehrotra, R Sharma, A AF Kim, Seungbeom Kim, Seokhyeon Mehrotra, Rajeshwar Sharma, Ashish TI Predicting cyanobacteria occurrence using climatological and environmental controls SO WATER RESEARCH AB The occurrence of algal bloom results in deterioration of water quality, undesirable sights, tastes and odors, and the possibility of infections to humans and fatalities to livestock, wildlife and pets. Earlier studies have identified a range of factors including water temperature, flow, and nutrient concentrations that could affect cyanobacterial proliferation. Lack of enough data, independence in data across multiple sampling time steps, as well as the presence of more than one causative factors, each with different levels of influence on the response, has resulted in limited progress in the development of generalized prediction frameworks for cyanobacteria. In this study, a prediction model for cyanobacteria occurrences was developed using only three dominant environmental variables; water temperature, velocity and phosphorus concentration. These environmental variables were selected due to not only direct or joint contribution to algal bloom but also the ease of their availability either through direct measurements or as modelled responses in the river location of interest. In order to apply bacterial growth dynamic to the model, weight functions which quantify the importance assigned to the three variables depending on the cell number at the preceding time, were formulated. An extensive dataset spanning from 2013 to 2018 at 16 representative locations across the four major rivers in South Korea was used to develop and validate the model. Through cross-validation, this model was shown to have more than 75% forecasting accuracy despite the use of a relatively simple predictive algorithm. As the developed model makes use of commonly available environmental variables, it can easily be extended to locations across the country where very limited or no prior information about cyanobacteria bloom is available. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Kim, Seungbeom/0000-0003-0028-0877; Kim, Seokhyeon/0000-0002-1819-8022 SN 0043-1354 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 175 AR 115639 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115639 UT WOS:000525947900002 PM 32155485 ER PT J AU Zhang, AY Zhou, Y Liu, X Huang, NH Niu, HH AF Zhang, Ai-Yong Zhou, Yang Liu, Xiao Huang, Nai-Hui Niu, Hai-Hong TI Photochemical pollutant degradation on facet junction-engineered TiO2 promoted by organic arsenical: Governing roles of arsenic-terminated surface chemistry and bulk-free radical speciation SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AB Photochemical oxidation based on semiconducting metal oxides is an efficient strategy to remove environmental pollutants in water, air and soil. The fine manipulation of photo-carriers separation, surface chemistry and radical speciation is of considerable interest for environmental remediation. In this work, the morphology- and structure-tailored TiO2 single crystals with epitaxial {101}/{001} facet junction were designed, prepared and tested for photochemical pollutant oxidation in the presence of organic arsenicals, the main component in swine wastewater from livestock industry, although they have been forbidden for several years. The facet junction-tailored TiO2 deserved an efficient photo-carriers separation with high quantum efficiency. The photochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), phenol and bisphenol A (BPA) was substantially improved by roxarsone (ROX). ROX-enhanced photochemical activity of TiO2 was mainly attributed to the in-situ arsenic-terminated surface chemistry by Ti-(OAsO3)-O-V/-(OAsO2)-O-III. This surface played governing roles in water/TiO2 interactions, and changed water adsorption from dissociative to molecular configuration. Furthermore, center dot OH was finely regulated from low-activity surface-bound to high-activity bulk-free speciation between as-generated photoholes with free water molecules. Our findings provided a new chance to refine the TiO2-based photochemical oxidation, and a modifying technology to treat swine wastewater from livestock industry with much reduced secondary pollution. SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 390 AR 122159 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122159 UT WOS:000524482400049 PM 31999957 ER PT J AU Xin, XB Yang, SP Li, X Liu, XF Zhang, LL Ding, XB Zhang, S Li, GP Guo, H AF Xin, Xiang-Bo Yang, Shu-Ping Li, Xin Liu, Xin-Feng Zhang, Lin-Lin Ding, Xiang-Bin Zhang, Sheng Li, Guang-Peng Guo, Hong TI Proteomics insights into the effects of MSTN on muscle glucose and lipid metabolism in genetically edited cattle SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AB The molecular mechanism underlying myostatin (MSTN)-regulated metabolic cross-talk remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of gluteus muscle tissues from MSTN-/- transgenic cattle using a shotgun-based tandem mass tag (TMT) 6-plex labeling method to explore the signaling pathway of MSTN in metabolic cross-talk and cellular metabolism during muscle development. A total of 72 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 36 differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPPs) were identified in MSTN-/- cattle compared to wild-type cattle. Bioinformatics analyses showed that MSTN knockout increased the activity of many key enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and glycolysis processes in cattle. Furthermore, comprehensive pathway analyses and hypothesis-driven AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity assays suggested that MSTN knockout triggers the activation of AMPK signaling pathways to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing the AMP/ATP ratio. Our results shed new light on the potential regulatory mechanism of MSTN associated with metabolic cross-talk in muscle development, which can be used in animal breeding to improve meat production in livestock animals, and can also provide valuable insight into treatments for obesity and diabetes mellitus in humans. SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 291 AR 113237 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113237 UT WOS:000523510300009 PM 31374285 ER PT J AU Manduca, LG da Silva, MA de Alvarenga, ER Alves, GFD Fernandes, AFD Assumpcao, AF Cardoso, CC de Sales, SCM Teixeira, ED Silva, MDE Turra, EM AF Manduca, Ludson Guimaraes da Silva, Marcos Antonio de Alvarenga, Erika Ramos de Oliveira Alves, Gabriel Francisco Fernandes, Arthur Francisco de Araujo Assumpcao, Anna Facchetti Cardoso, Carolina Costa Moreira de Sales, Suellen Cristina Teixeira, Edgar de Alencar de Almeida e Silva, Martinho Turra, Eduardo Maldonado TI Effects of a zero exchange biofloc system on the growth performance and health of Nile tilapia at different stocking densities SO AQUACULTURE AB Biofloc technology (BFT) has recently gained attention as an environmentally sustainable production system. In this system, bacteria convert fish waste into microbial biomass (biofloc), improving the water quality in the tank and subsequently resulting in less water use. Information on the stocking density of Nile tilapia using this technology remains scarce. This work evaluated the growth performance, survival, gill lesions, body composition, nutritional value of the floc and clinical biochemistry variables of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during the grow-out phase (initial body weight approximately 100 g) with different stocking densities (20, 40, 60 and 80 fish m(-3)) in zero exchange BFT. The growth performance at stocking densities of 20 and 40 individuals m(-3) was better than that of 60 and 80 individuals m(-3), especially for daily weight gain and the survival rate. The best growth performance values were 1.69 g day(1) for daily weight gain and 1.70 for the feed conversion ratio for the 20 and 40 fish m(-3) treatments, respectively. The quadratic regression model to stocking density (y = - 0.0074 x(2) + 0.7665 x - 6.8512) revealed 51.79 fish m(-3) (13 Kg m(-3)) as the maximum for a zero exchange biofloc. During the grow-out phase of Nile tilapia, there were high levels of settleable solids (>= 74 mL L-1) and nitrate (>= 1.09 g L-1) that could explain the low growth performance and changes in the clinical biochemistry variables. Reduction of crude protein in carcasses was observed at the highest densities. However, all of the stocking densities evaluated showed degenerative effects to the gill structure. In conclusion, cultivation of tilapia in zero exchange BFT is optimum at stocking densities close to 13 Kg m(-3). OI Teixeira, Edgar/0000-0002-9549-7499; Turra, Eduardo/0000-0002-3489-989X SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 521 AR 735064 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735064 UT WOS:000521282400026 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Xu, Y Cheng, SQ Li, QL Yu, HR AF Zhang, Han Xu, Yi Cheng, Siqian Li, Qiling Yu, Haoran TI Application of the dual-isotope approach and Bayesian isotope mixing model to identify nitrate in groundwater of a multiple land-use area in Chengdu Plain, China SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Nitrate (NO3-) contamination in groundwater is an environmental problem worldwide. Partitioning the pollution into its sources is the key for effective controls. In this study, NO3- dual isotopic compositions (delta N-15-NO(3)(-)and delta O-18-NO3-) were measured in groundwater samples from 28 wells in an area with multiple land-uses, followed by the application of an isotope mixing model (STAR) to identify the main NO3- sources and their biogeochemical processes. The results showed that denitrification was unlikely occur at significant rates, while nitrification was an important nitrogen transformation processes. Spatial variation of groundwater NO3- and its isotopic compositions was associated with the land-use types. Agricultural areas were characterized by relatively high NO(3)(-)concentrations and low delta N-15-NO3- values. In contrast, industrial areas were characterized by enriched delta N-15-NO(3)(-)and delta O-18-NO(3)(-)values. In crop field, vegetable field and poultry and livestock breading farm, the proportional contribution represented a similar pattern with highest contribution from chemical fertilizer followed by soil organic nitrogen, manure, atmospheric precipitation and sewage in order. Nitrate in groundwater in industrial areas has different pattern of the proportional contribution, in which groundwater NO3- is largely influenced by sewage discharge and atmospheric precipitation. We concluded that the combination of isotopic analysis together with land-use information and chemical analysis was an effective approach for assessing the source apportionment and the fate of nitrate in the aquifer in multiple land-use areas. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 717 AR 137134 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137134 UT WOS:000519994800012 PM 32070893 ER PT J AU Machado, I Tissot, F AF Machado, Ignacio Tissot, Florencia TI Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a preconcentration alternative to increase ETAAS sensitivity in the analysis of molybdenum in bovine meat and pasture samples SO TALANTA AB A new procedure combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was proposed for the determination of molybdenum in plants and animal tissue. The optimized conditions for the microextraction procedure were: 150 mu L of 0.3 mol L-1 potassium ethyl xanthate (pH 1.4) and 1000 mu L of acetonitrile and 50 mu L of carbon tetrachloride as dispersive and extractant solvent, respectively. A limit of detection of 0.03 mu g kg(-1) and a limit of quantification of 0.11 mu g kg(-1), as well as an enrichment factor of 200, were achieved employing this procedure. Standard reference materials were used for trueness and precision evaluation. No significant differences were found at the 95% confidence level between certified and obtained values, and the precision expressed as repeatability (s(r) %) was 4.1% for animal tissue and 4.7% for plant material. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Mo in bovine meat and pasture samples from different livestock establishments. SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 PD MAY 15 PY 2020 VL 212 AR 120783 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120783 UT WOS:000518866700026 PM 32113546 ER PT J AU Arango, J Ruden, A Martinez-Baron, D Loboguerrero, AM Berndt, A Chacon, M Torres, CF Oyhantcabal, W Gomez, CA Ricci, P Ku-Vera, J Burkart, S Moorby, JM Chirinda, N AF Arango, Jacobo Ruden, Alejandro Martinez-Baron, Deissy Loboguerrero, Ana Maria Berndt, Alexandre Chacon, Mauricio Torres, Carlos Felipe Oyhantcabal, Walter Gomez, Carlos A. Ricci, Patricia Ku-Vera, Juan Burkart, Stefan Moorby, Jon M. Chirinda, Ngonidzashe TI Ambition Meets Reality: Achieving GHG Emission Reduction Targets in the Livestock Sector of Latin America SO FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS AB Livestock production is a very relevant source of income and agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Mexico, and Peru. Several management and technological options with enteric methane mitigation potential have been evaluated and their scaling is anticipated to contribute toward achieving GHG emission reduction targets in the framework of the Paris Agreement. Yet, widespread adoption of promising mitigation options remains limited, raising questions as to whether envisaged emission reduction targets are achievable. Using findings from local studies, we explore the mitigation potentials of technologies and management practices currently proposed to mitigate enteric methane emissions from cattle production systems in the higher emitting countries of Latin America. We then discuss barriers for adopting innovations that significantly reduce cattle-based enteric methane emissions and the major shifts in policy and practice that are needed to raise national ambitions in the high emitting countries. Using the latest science and current thinking, we provide our perspective on an inclusive approach and re-imagine how the academic, research, business and public policy sectors can support and incentivize the changes needed to raise the level of ambition and achieve sustainable development goals (SDG), considering actions from the farm to the national scale. EI 2571-581X PD MAY 14 PY 2020 VL 4 AR UNSP 65 DI 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00065 UT WOS:000537842700001 ER PT J AU Okorie-Kanu, OJ Anyanwu, MU Ezenduka, EV Mgbeahuruike, AC Thapaliya, D Gerbig, G Ugwuijem, EE Okorie-Kanu, CO Agbowo, P Olorunleke, S Nwanta, JA Chah, KF Smith, TC AF Okorie-Kanu, Onyinye J. Anyanwu, Madubuike U. Ezenduka, Ekene V. Mgbeahuruike, Anthony C. Thapaliya, Dipendra Gerbig, Gracen Ugwuijem, Ejike E. Okorie-Kanu, Christian O. Agbowo, Philip Olorunleke, Solomon Nwanta, John A. Chah, Kennedy F. Smith, Tara C. TI Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and carcass handlers SO PLOS ONE AB The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in food animals, associated products, and their zoonotic potential in Nigeria are poorly understood. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence, genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and persons in contact with the carcasses at slaughterhouses in Nigeria. Surface swabs were collected randomly from 600 chicken and 600 pig carcasses. Nasal swabs were collected from 45 workers in chicken slaughterhouses and 45 pig slaughterhouse workers. S. aureus isolates were analyzed by spa typing. They were also examined for presence of the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) and mecA genes, as well as for antimicrobial resistance phenotype. Overall, 53 S. aureus isolates were recovered (28 from chicken carcasses, 17 from pig carcasses, 5 from chicken carcass handlers and 3 from pig carcass handlers). Among the isolates, 19 (35.8%) were PVL-positive and 12 (22.6%) carried the mecA gene. The 53 isolates belonged to 19 spa types. The Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm separated the isolates into 2 spa-clonal complexes (spa-CC) and 9 singletons including 2 novel spa types (t18345 and t18346). The clonal complexes (CC) detected were CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC88 and CC152. CC15-related isolates represented by spa type t084 (32.1%) and CC5 represented by spa type t311 (35.3%) predominated among isolates from chicken carcasses/handlers, and pig carcasses/handlers, respectively. Multidrug resistance exhibited by all the CC except CC8, was observed among isolates from chicken carcasses (64.3%), pig carcasses (41.2%), handlers of chicken meat (40.0%) and handlers of pork (33.3%). All the CC showed varying degrees of resistance to tetracycline while CC15 and CC5 exhibited the highest resistance to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and erythromycin, respectively. The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern observed was penicillin-tetracycline-sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (PEN-TETSXT). In conclusion, food animals processed in Enugu State in Southeast Nigeria are potential vehicles for transmission of PVL-positive multiple-drug resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus from farm to slaughterhouse and potentially to the human population. Public health intervention programs at pre- and post-slaughter stages should be considered in Nigerian slaughterhouses. RI Anyanwu, Madubuike/P-2818-2018 OI Anyanwu, Madubuike/0000-0002-2754-103X SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 14 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0232913 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0232913 UT WOS:000537490700047 PM 32407414 ER PT J AU Valerio, VC Walther, OJ Eilitta, M Cisse, B Muneepeerakul, R Kiker, GA AF Valerio, Valerie C. Walther, Olivier J. Eilitta, Marjatta Cisse, Brahima Muneepeerakul, Rachata Kiker, Gregory A. TI Network analysis of regional livestock trade in West Africa SO PLOS ONE AB In West Africa, long and complex livestock value chains connect producers mostly in the Sahel with consumption basins in urban areas and the coast. Regional livestock trade is highly informal and, despite recent efforts to understand animal movement patterns in the region, remains largely unrecorded. Using CILSS' database on intraregional livestock trade, we built yearly and overall weighted networks of animal movements between markets. We mapped and characterized the trade networks, identified market communities, key markets and their roles. Additionally, we compared the observed network properties with null-model generated ensembles. Most movements corresponded to cattle, were made by vehicle, and originated in Burkina Faso. We found that live animals in the central and eastern trade basins flow through well-defined, long distance trade corridors where markets tend to trade in a disassortive way with others in their proximity. Modularity- based communities indicated that both national and cross-border trade groups exist. The network's degree and link distributions followed a log-normal or a power-law distribution, and key markets located primarily in urban centers and near borders serve as hubs that give peripheral markets access to the regional network. The null model ensembles could not reproduce the observed higher-level properties, particularly the propinquity and highly negative assortativity, suggesting that other possibly spatial factors shape the structure of regional live animal trade. Our findings support eliminating cross-border impediments and improving the condition of the regional road network, which limit intraregional trade of and contribute to the high prices of food products in West Africa. Although with limitations, our study sheds light on the abstruse structure of regional livestock trade, and the role of trade communities and markets in West Africa. OI Walther, Olivier/0000-0002-5768-2845 SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 14 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0232681 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0232681 UT WOS:000537490700030 PM 32407336 ER PT J AU Hossain, MA Park, HC Lee, KJ Park, SW Park, SC Kang, J AF Hossain, Md. Akil Park, Hae-Chul Lee, Kwang-Jick Park, Sung-Won Park, Seung-Chun Kang, JeongWoo TI In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY AB Background The antibiotics generally used in farm animals are rapidly losing their effectiveness all over the world as bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. Like some other pathogenic bacteria multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are also frequently found in animals and humans which poses a major public health concern. New strategies are needed to block the development of resistance and to prolong the life of traditional antibiotics. Thus, this study aimed to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics against S. Typhimurium by combining them with opportunistic phenolic compounds gallic acid (GA), epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin. Fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI) of phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against S. Typhimurium were determined. Based on the FICI and clinical importance, 1 combination (GA and ceftiofur) was selected for evaluating its effects on the virulence factors of this bacterium. Viability of Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell in presence of this antibacterial combination was evaluated. Results Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of GA, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin found against different strains of S. Typhimurium were 256, (512-1024), and (512-1024) mu g/mL, respectively. Synergistic antibacterial effect was obtained from the combination of erythromycin-epicatechin gallate (FICI: 0.50) against S. Typhimurium. Moreover, additive effects (FICI: 0.502-0.750) were obtained from 16 combinations against this bacterium. The time-kill assay and ultrastructural morphology showed that GA-ceftiofur combination more efficiently inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium compared to individual antimicrobials. Biofilm viability, and swimming and swarming motilities of S. Typhimurium in presence of GA-ceftiofur combination were more competently inhibited than individual antimicrobials. Viabilities of IEC-6 cells were more significantly enhanced by GA-ceftiofur combinations than these antibacterials alone. Conclusions This study suggests that GA-ceftiofur combination can be potential medication to treat S. Typhimurium-associated diarrhea and prevent S. Typhimurium-associated blood-stream infections (e.g.: fever) in farm animals, and ultimately its transmission from animal to human. Further in vivo study to confirm these effects and safety profiles in farm animal should be undertaken for establishing these combinations as medications. SN 1471-2180 PD MAY 14 PY 2020 VL 20 IS 1 AR 118 DI 10.1186/s12866-020-01810-x UT WOS:000536241700004 PM 32410630 ER PT J AU Adimassu, Z Tamene, L Degefie, DT AF Adimassu, Zenebe Tamene, Lulseged Degefie, Degefie T. TI The influence of grazing and cultivation on runoff, soil erosion, and soil nutrient export in the central highlands of Ethiopia SO ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES AB Background Grazing by livestock and cultivation have been considered as two important causes of soil erosion and nutrient export. However, there has been limited evidence that grazing or cultivation matters to soil erosion and nutrient export in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted in the Galesa watershed in Ethiopia to examine the effects of grazing and cultivation on runoff, soil loss, and nutrient export. Daily values of runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient outflow were measured for three consecutive years following standard procedures. Independent t test was performed to check if the means of runoff, soil loss, and nutrient loss from grazing and cultivated lands were significantly different. Moreover, repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test if mean values of runoff, soil loss, and nutrient export varied significantly over the study years. Results Although the average annual runoff depth was 7.8% higher in grazing land (GL), soil erosion was significantly lower (39%) in GL as compared to cultivated land (CL). Similarly, sediment and runoff-associated annual losses of total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), and organic carbon (OC) were low in the GL treatments. Lowest losses of total N (9.30 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), available P (0.83 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), and exchangeable K (1.84 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) were recorded in GL treatment. Likewise, lowest losses of sediment-associated total N (32.8 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), available P (0.39 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), exchangeable K (0.23 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), and soil organic carbon (630 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) were recorded from GL over the 3 years of experimentation. Conclusion Our results indicate that cultivation increased soil erosion as compared to grazing. Although there were significant reductions in soil erosion and nutrient export from grazing lands compared with cultivated lands, the absolute losses were still high. This implies the need for grazing land management using appropriate physical and biological erosion control measures to increase productivity and reduce soil erosion as well as nutrient export. EI 2192-1709 PD MAY 14 PY 2020 VL 9 IS 1 AR 23 DI 10.1186/s13717-020-00230-z UT WOS:000536483500001 ER PT J AU Mwangi, B Macharia, I Bett, E AF Mwangi, Backson Macharia, Ibrahim Bett, Eric TI A multi-dimensional adoption approach for improved sorghum varieties in eastern Kenya: a climate change adaptation perspective SO CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT AB In this era of changing climatic conditions, agricultural technology developers continue to promote suitable innovations to cushion and improve resilience of smallholder farmers against adverse effects and shocks. These improved varieties contribute towards attainment of household and national food security. This paper aims to understand what influences households' decision to adopt, speed of uptake and extent of use of improved sorghum varieties (ISVs). Data from 452 households were analysed using Double Hurdle and Duration models. Study revealed that consumption expenditure levels, income and tropical livestock unit are important determinants of three household's adoption decisions. Access to agricultural credit, distance to administration centres and adoption intensity depicts unexpected a priori. The findings also show that households are credit constrained and use own or neighbour's home saved seeds to expand the use of ISVs. Study concludes that the three facets of ISVs' adoption are influenced by different combination of determinants. Due to the vastness and rough terrain in Tharaka Nithi County, agricultural credit lenders should come up with effective low cost, sustainable and scalable outreach strategies. Policies targeting to derisk sorghum value chain with an aim of incentivizing financial institutions increase their lending appetite to cash-constrained smallholder farmers and agro-dealers should be implemented. SN 1756-5529 EI 1756-5537 DI 10.1080/17565529.2020.1763237 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000534908800001 ER PT J AU Mellink, E Riojas-Lopez, ME AF Mellink, Eric Riojas-Lopez, Monica E. TI Livestock and grassland interrelationship along five centuries of ranching the semiarid grasslands on the southern highlands of the Mexican Plateau SO ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE AB Native grasslands worldwide have been degraded by grazing, but the processes involved have been studied insufficiently. Grasslands were a major habitat on the southern section of the Mexican Plateau when the Spaniards arrived 500 years ago. Since then, they have been impacted heavily through grazing, but the details and history of such impacts have not been established. We aimed at untangling almost 500 years of grazing of these grasslands, based on extensive searches of published information and of documents in historical archives. We identified three periods of ranching: Cattle, from the mid-16th to the mid-17th Centuries; sheep, reflecting a change from tall to short grasses; and, finally, goats and horses, along with sheep, asses and some cattle, after serious grassland degradation by the mid-20th Century. Overgrazing has impacted grassland composition in the region and its capacity to support livestock, but also, strongly affect some 20 species of native vertebrates and an unknown number of plant and invertebrate species. The current condition of some ranges and a livestock exclosure indicate that grassland improvement is possible, but realistic objectives based on biodiversity conservation and livestock production should be targeted, rather than utopic pre-livestock frameworks. Grasslands in the region at the time of Spanish arrival possibly had a mixture of grasses and herbs, but buffalo grass and the central Mexico tobosa grass are potential initial range management targets for grassland recovery of the ranges in worst condition, while blue gramma and the Mexican plateau gramma are good targets for ranges that still have some grass cover. SN 2325-1026 PD MAY 14 PY 2020 VL 8 AR 20 DI 10.1525/elementa.416 UT WOS:000534603500001 ER PT J AU Domiciano, LF Pedreira, BC da Silva, NMF Mombach, MA Chizzotti, FHM Batista, ED Carvalho, P Cabral, LS Pereira, DH do Nascimento, HLB AF Domiciano, Leandro F. Pedreira, Bruno C. da Silva, Nagela M. F. Mombach, Mirceia A. Chizzotti, Fernanda H. M. Batista, Erick D. Carvalho, Perivaldo Cabral, Luciano S. Pereira, Dalton H. do Nascimento, Hemython L. B. TI Agroforestry systems: an alternative to intensify forage-based livestock in the Brazilian Amazon SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS AB Brazil is one of the few countries in the world that can produce animal products, grains, fibers, and bioenergy in the same area, either in a consortium, rotation, or succession. Our objective was to compare pasture productivity and animal performance in agroforestry systems with grass monoculture in the Brazilian Amazon Biome. The experiment was carried out in Sinop, MT, Brazil, with Nellore steers in a continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four systems and four replicates. The palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. Marandu] was planted in the four systems: livestock (grass monoculture); livestock-forestry [eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus urograndis; hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake) arranged in three-row groves spaced 30 m apart]; crop-livestock (palisadegrass after two years of crops); and crop-livestock-forestry (palisadegrass after two years of crops with single rows of eucalyptus trees spaced 37 m apart). The herbage accumulation was greater in the systems with the two previous cropping years (crop-livestock and crop-livestock-forestry) than in the livestock and livestock-forestry, in both seasons. In the crop-livestock-forestry, the greatest herbage accumulation associated with the modified microclimate supported the greatest average daily gain (0.750 kg BW day(- 1)), stocking rate in both seasons, resulting in the greatest gain per area (940 kg BW ha(- 1)). We conclude that agroforestry systems assure pasture productivity and animal performance similar or greater than livestock (grass monoculture). Furthermore, the combination of two previous crop years and the least tree density optimized the synergy between crop, livestock, and forestry components, improving beef cattle productivity in crop-livestock-forestry systems. RI Pereira, Dalton Henrique/P-2420-2018; Nascimento, Hemython/AAP-2948-2020; Chizzotti, Fernanda/AAL-5126-2020; Pedreira, Bruno/C-2306-2018 OI Pereira, Dalton Henrique/0000-0002-3128-1103; Nascimento, Hemython/0000-0002-5155-8798; Chizzotti, Fernanda/0000-0002-5903-8172; Domiciano, Leandro F./0000-0002-5933-115X; Pedreira, Bruno/0000-0003-4663-954X SN 0167-4366 EI 1572-9680 DI 10.1007/s10457-020-00499-1 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532972700001 ER PT J AU Jordan, NR Smith, BP Appleby, RG van Eeden, LM Webster, HS AF Jordan, Neil R. Smith, Bradley P. Appleby, Robert G. van Eeden, Lily M. Webster, Hugh S. TI Addressing inequality and intolerance in human-wildlife coexistence SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Millennia of human conflict with wildlife have built a culture of intolerance toward wildlife among some stakeholders. We explored 2 key obstacles to improved human-wildlife coexistence: coexistence inequality (how the costs and benefits of coexisting with wildlife are unequally shared) and intolerance. The costs of coexisting with wildlife are often disproportionately borne by the so-called global south and rural communities, and the benefits often flow to the global north and urban dwellers. Attitudes and behaviors toward wildlife (tolerance versus intolerance) vary with social and cultural norms. We suggest more empathetic advocacy is needed that, for example, promotes conservation while appropriately considering those who bear the costs of conflict with wildlife. To achieve more equitable cost-sharing, we suggest limiting the costs incurred by those most affected or by sharing those costs more widely. For example, we advocate for the development of improved wildlife compensation schemes, increasing the scale of rewilding efforts, and preventing wildlife-derived revenue leaching out of the local communities bearing the costs of coexistence. OI Smith, Bradley/0000-0002-0873-3917 SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13471 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532540400001 PM 32406972 ER PT J AU Martinez-Jauregui, M Delibes-Mateos, M Arroyo, B Solitio, M AF Martinez-Jauregui, Maria Delibes-Mateos, Miguel Arroyo, Beatriz Solitio, Mario TI Addressing social attitudes toward lethal control of wildlife in national parks SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB The extraordinary population growth of certain ungulate species is increasingly a concern in agroforestry areas because overabundance may negatively affect natural environments and human livelihoods. However, society may have negative perceptions of killing wildlife to reduce their numbers and mitigate damage. We used an online survey that included a choice experiment to determine Spanish citizens' (n = 190) preferences toward wildlife population control measures related to negative effects of ungulate overabundance (negative impacts on vegetation and other wildlife species and disease transmission to livestock) in 2 agroforestry national parks in Spain. We used latent-class and willingness-to-pay in space models to analyze survey results. Two percent of respondents thought a national park should have no human intervention even if lack of management may cause environmental degradation, whereas 95% of respondents favored efforts to reduce damage caused by overabundant ungulate species. We estimated human well-being losses of survey respondents when sustainable effects of deer overabundance on the environment became unsustainable effects and well-being gains when sustainable effects transitioned to no visible effects. We found that the type of wildlife-control program was a very relevant issue for the respondents; indirect control in which killing was avoided was the preferred action. Sixty-six percent of respondents agreed with the option of hunters paying for culling animals to reduce ungulate impacts rather than management cost coming out of taxes, whereas 19% of respondents were against this option and willing to pay for other solutions in national parks. Our results suggest that killing wildlife in national parks could be a socially acceptable tool to manage overabundance problems in certain contexts, but it could also generate social conflicts. RI Solino, Mario/A-5648-2012 OI Solino, Mario/0000-0001-7065-7348 SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13468 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532523800001 PM 32406979 ER PT J AU Perry, LR Moorhouse, TP Loveridge, AJ Macdonald, DW AF Perry, Laura R. Moorhouse, Tom P. Loveridge, Andrew J. Macdonald, David W. TI The role of psychology in determining human-predator conflict across southern Kenya SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Conflict between people and carnivores can lead to the widespread killing of predators in retaliation for livestock loss and is a major threat to predator populations. In Kenya, a large, rural, pastoralist population comes into regular conflict with predators, which persist across southern Kenya. We explored the social and psychological backdrop to livestock management practices in this area in a process designed to be easy to use and suitable for use across large areas for the study of conflict and transboundary implementation of wildlife conflict reduction measures, focusing on community involvement and needs. We carried out fully structured interviews of livestock managers with a survey tool that examined how social and psychological factors may influence livestock management behavior. We compared survey responses on 3 sites across the study area, resulting in 723 usable responses. Efficacy of individuals' livestock management varied between and within communities. This variation was partially explained by normative and control beliefs regarding livestock management. Individual livestock managers' self-reported management issues were often an accurate reflection of their practical management difficulties. Psychological norms, control beliefs, and attitudes differed among sites, and these differences partially explained patterns associated with conflict (i.e., variation in livestock management behavior). Thus, we conclude that a one-size-fits-all approach to improving livestock management and reducing human-predator conflict is not suitable. OI Perry, Laura/0000-0002-9860-4528 SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13474 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532515500001 PM 32406971 ER PT J AU Salerno, J Bailey, K Gaughan, AE Stevens, FR Hilton, T Cassidy, L Drake, MD Pricope, NG Hartter, J AF Salerno, Jonathan Bailey, Karen Gaughan, Andrea E. Stevens, Forrest R. Hilton, Tom Cassidy, Lin Drake, Michael D. Pricope, Narcisa G. Hartter, Joel TI Wildlife impacts and vulnerable livelihoods in a transfrontier conservation landscape SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Interactions between humans and wildlife resulting in negative impacts are among the most pressing conservation challenges globally. In regions of smallholder livestock and crop production, interactions with wildlife can compromise human well-being and motivate negative sentiment and retaliation toward wildlife, undermining conservation goals. Although impacts may be unavoidable when human and wildlife land use overlap, scant large-scale human data exist quantifying the direct costs of wildlife to livelihoods. In a landscape of global importance for wildlife conservation in southern Africa, we quantified costs for people living with wildlife through a fundamental measure of human well-being, food security, and we tested whether existing livelihood strategies buffer certain households against crop depredation by wildlife, predominantly elephants. To do this, we estimated Bayesian multilevel statistical models based on multicounty household data (n = 711) and interpreted model results in the context of spatial data from participatory land-use mapping. Reported crop depredation by wildlife was widespread. Over half of the sample households were affected and household food security was reduced significantly (odds ratio 0.37 [0.22, 0.63]). The most food insecure households relied on gathered food sources and welfare programs. In the event of crop depredation by wildlife, these 2 livelihood sources buffered or reduced harmful effects of depredation. The presence of buffering strategies suggests a targeted compensation strategy could benefit the region's most vulnerable people. Such strategies should be combined with dynamic and spatially explicit land-use planning that may reduce the frequency of negative human-wildlife impacts. Quantifying and mitigating the human costs from wildlife are necessary steps in working toward human-wildlife coexistence. SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13480 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532520900001 PM 32406981 ER PT J AU Van den Meersche, T Rasschaert, G Vanden Nest, T Haesebrouck, F Herman, L Van Coillie, E Van Weyenberg, S Daeseleire, E Heyndrickx, M AF Van den Meersche, Tina Rasschaert, Geertrui Vanden Nest, Thijs Haesebrouck, Freddy Herman, Lieve Van Coillie, Els Van Weyenberg, Stephanie Daeseleire, Els Heyndrickx, Marc TI Longitudinal screening of antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistance genes and zoonotic bacteria in soils fertilized with pig manure SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Fertilization with animal manure is one of the main routes responsible for the introduction of antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistance genes, and zoonotic bacteria into the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the use of pig (swine) manure as a fertilizer on the presence and fate of six antibiotic residues, nine antibiotic resistance genes, and bacteria (zoonotic bacteria Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. and E. coli as indicator for Gram-negative bacterial species of the microbiota of livestock) on five fields. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to assess a multitude of antibiotic residues and resistance to several classes of antibiotics in pig manure and in fertilized soil over time in a region with an intensive pig industry (Flanders, Belgium). The fields were sampled at five consecutive time points, starting before fertilization up to harvest. Low concentrations of antibiotic residues could be observed in the soils until harvest. The antibiotic resistance genes studied were already present at background levels in the soil environment prior to fertilization, but after fertilization with pig manure, an increase in relative abundance was observed for most of them, followed by a decline back to background levels by harvest-time on all of the fields studied. No apparent differences regarding the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in soils were observed between those fertilized with manure that either contained antibiotic residues or not. With regard to dissemination of resistance, the results presented in this study confirm that fertilization with animal manure directly adds resistance genes to the soil. In addition, it shows that this direct mechanism may be more important than possible selective pressure in soil-dwelling bacteria exerted by antibiotic residues present in the manure. These results also indicate that zoonotic bacteria detected in the manure could be detected in the soil environment directly after fertilization, but not after 1 month. In conclusion, although some antibiotic residues may be present in both manure and soil at concentrations to exert selective pressure, it seems that antibiotic resistance is mostly introduced directly to soil through fertilization with animal manure. OI Heyndrickx, Marc/0000-0002-2913-2686 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 DI 10.1007/s11356-020-09119-y EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532904900001 PM 32410188 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Lee, JY Lee, H Park, M Kang, K Lim, SK Shin, D Ko, KS AF Choi, Yujin Lee, Ji-Young Lee, Haejeong Park, Myungseo Kang, KyeongJin Lim, Suk-Kyung Shin, Dongwoo Ko, Kwan Soo TI Comparison of Fitness Cost and Virulence in Chromosome- and Plasmid-Mediated Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB Five types of Escherichia coli strains were obtained and sequenced: colistin-susceptible (CL-S) strains, in vitro induced colistin-resistant (CL-IR) strains, mcr-1-negative colistin-resistant strains from livestock (CL-chrR), mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant strains (CL-mcrR), and mcr-1-transferred transconjugants (TC-mcr). Amino acid alterations of PmrAB, PhoPQ, and EptA were identified, and their mRNA expression was measured. Their growth rate was evaluated, and an in vitro competition assay was performed. Virulence was compared through serum resistance and survival in macrophages and Drosophila melanogaster. CL-IR and CL-chrR strains were colistin-resistant due to amino acid alterations in PmrAB, PhoPQ, or EptA, and their overexpression. All colistin-resistant strains did not show reduced growth rates compared with CL-S strains. CL-IR and CL-chrR strains were less competitive than the susceptible strain, but CL-mcrR strains were not. In addition, TC-mcr strains were also significantly more competitive than their respective parental susceptible strain. CL-IR strains had similar or decreased survival rates in human serum, macrophages, and fruit flies, compared with their parental, susceptible strains. CL-chrR strains were also less virulent than CL-S strains. Although CL-mcrR strains showed similar survival rates in human serum and fruit fly to CL-S strains, the survival rates of TC-mcr strains decreased significantly in human serum, macrophages, and fruit flies, compared with their susceptible recipient strain (J53). Chromosome-mediated, colistin-resistant E. coli strains have a fitness cost, but plasmids bearing mcr-1 do not increase the fitness burden of E. coli. Along with high usage of polymyxins, the no fitness cost of mcr-1-positive strains may facilitate rapid spread of colistin resistance. SN 1664-302X PD MAY 13 PY 2020 VL 11 AR 798 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00798 UT WOS:000537880300001 PM 32477288 ER PT J AU Little, M Humphries, S Dodd, W Patel, K Dewey, C AF Little, Matthew Humphries, Sally Dodd, Warren Patel, Kirit Dewey, Cate TI Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH AB BackgroundThe double burden of malnutrition is the co-occurrence of undernutrition (e.g. underweight, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies) and over-nutrition (e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) at the population, household, or individual level. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and determinants of individual-level co-morbid anemia and overweight and co-morbid anemia and diabetes in a population in rural Tamil Nadu, South India.MethodsWe undertook a cross-sectional study of adults (n=753) in a rural region of Tamil Nadu, South India. A survey assessed socio-demographic factors, physical activity levels, and dietary intake. Clinical measurements included body-mass index, an oral glucose tolerance test, and blood hemoglobin assessments. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between risk factors and two co-morbid double burden pairings: (1) anemia and overweight, and (2) anemia and diabetes.ResultsPrevalence of co-morbid anemia and overweight was 23.1% among women and 13.1% among men. Prevalence of co-morbid anemia and diabetes was 6.2% among women and 6.3% among men. The following variables were associated with co-morbid anemia and overweight in multivariable models [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)]: female sex [2.3 (1.4, 3.85)], high caste [3.2 (1.34, 7.49)], wealth index [1.1 (1.00, 1.12)], rurality (0.7 [0.56, 0.85]), tobacco consumption [0.6 (0.32, 0.96)], livestock ownership [0.5 (0.29, 0.89)], and energy-adjusted meat intake [1.8 (0.61, 0.94)]. The following variables were associated with co-morbid anemia and diabetes in multivariable models: age [1.1 (1.05, 1.11)], rurality [0.8 (0.57, 0.98)], and family history of diabetes [4.9 (1.86, 12.70).ConclusionThis study determined the prevalence and factors associated with individual-level double burden of malnutrition. Women in rural regions of India may be particularly vulnerable to individual-level double burden of malnutrition and should be a target population for any nutrition interventions to address simultaneous over- and undernutrition. OI Patel, Kirit/0000-0001-5643-7066 EI 1471-2458 PD MAY 13 PY 2020 VL 20 IS 1 DI 10.1186/s12889-020-08679-5 UT WOS:000536298600003 PM 32404080 ER PT J AU Dedekind, LJ McCosh, J Everson, TM Morris, CD Trotter, D AF Dedekind, Lynton J. McCosh, Jon Everson, Terry M. Morris, Craig D. Trotter, Dayle TI The value of rested sourveld in a communal grazing area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF RANGE & FORAGE SCIENCE AB The potential for forage accumulated during periodic long rests to provide valuable winter grazing for livestock in heavily stocked communal rangelands in sourveld was assessed. In a continuously-grazed commonage at Ntshiqo in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, we measured seasonal patterns of biomass accumulation and forage quality under a short season rest (October-January), a full summer rest (October-June), and an extended year rest (June 2014-October 2015). Forage quality was expected to decline with increasing biomass accumulation. The full season rest produced twice as much (almost 1 ton ha(-1)) biomass than the short season rest. Up to 1.5 tons ha(-1) more forage accumulated in the exclosures in the extended year rest, compared with the surrounding grazed grassland, but about 15% of the standing dry matter was lost through frost and senescence from the rested areas during winter. Forage quality (crude protein, phosphorus) declined from summer to winter and was similar in all rested and grazed areas, except for 4% higher acid detergent fibre (ADF) for the full- versus the short-summer rest. For commonage in sourveld, periodic full season rests (spring to autumn), followed by winter grazing with a protein lick and a spring burn, are recommended. SN 1022-0119 EI 1727-9380 DI 10.2989/10220119.2020.1744726 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533744700001 ER PT J AU Narayani, M Babu, R Chadha, A Srivastava, S AF Narayani, M. Babu, R. Chadha, Anju Srivastava, Smita TI Production of bioactive cyclotides: a comprehensive overview SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS AB Cyclotides are an emerging class of disulfide-rich plant cyclic peptides, believed to be present in plants for defence purposes. Their exceptional thermal, chemical and enzymatic stabilities make them suitable as therapeutic agents, agrochemicals, molecular imaging probes and pharmaceutical scaffolds for drug delivery. Nearly 350 cyclotides have been identified and reported to date, while more than 150,000 diverse cyclotides are estimated to occur in plants. With the current chemical identification methodologies, cyclotides can be identified even from crude extracts. This review will extensively describe the latest strategies pertaining to the screening of plants for the presence of cyclotides. Although identification of cyclotides in plants will help to explore their distribution, evolution, diversity and biological activities, natural plant extraction is not a sustainable and reliable method of such plant metabolite production. This can be attributed to several reasons such as inconsistent and non- uniform supply due to geographical and climatic conditions. Moreover, extraction of metabolites from the non-native, rare and endangered plant is not sustainable. Therefore, in vitro production technologies independent of the natural source availability are being explored to facilitate commercial applications of cyclotides. Owing to the complex structure, the chemical synthesis and recombinant microorganism-based methods of production provide limited yields of cyclotides. Production of biopharmaceutical peptides in plant cell cultures is a safe and commercially applicable alternative which can overcome some of these challenges. Hence, strategies for sustainable production of cyclotides by plant in vitro systems is discussed in-depth in this review. SN 1568-7767 EI 1572-980X DI 10.1007/s11101-020-09682-9 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532190200001 ER PT J AU Bain, C Ransom, E Halimatusa'diyah, I AF Bain, Carmen Ransom, Elizabeth Halimatusa'diyah, Iim TI Dairy Livestock Interventions for Food Security in Uganda: What are the Implications for Women's Empowerment? SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY AB Women are increasingly the target of agricultural development programs aimed at reducing poverty and food insecurity, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Some feminist scholars argue that such efforts are driven more by concerns about the efficient use of resources than the rights of women and do little to transform gendered power relations. We examine how development interventions that target women affect household well-being, especially food insecurity, empower women, and transform gendered power relations. Our study uses the case of the Gates Foundation funded East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) program in Uganda. Our methods include the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index survey and in-depth interviews of women farmers and key informants, within the EADD program. We argue that the livestock sector provides critical insights into women's empowerment because livestock are not "socially neutral" in their gendered effects. Our study found that: (1) ownership of dairy cows enhanced important dimensions of women's empowerment and gender equity that benefited women and households; (2) women's labor responsibilities for dairy cows disempowered some women by increasing their time poverty and; (3) ownership of dairy cows provided a means for women to disrupt entrenched social norms related to gender roles within the household and agriculture. SN 0036-0112 EI 1549-0831 DI 10.1111/ruso.12332 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532538600001 ER PT J AU Vodehnal, WL Schenbeck, GL Uresk, DW AF Vodehnal, William L. Schenbeck, Gregory L. Uresk, Daniel W. TI Sharp-tailed Grouse in the Nebraska Sandhills Select Residual Cover Patches for Nest Sites SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN AB We evaluated selection and availability of residual cover (dead standing herbage) by sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) at time of nest-site selection in an intact and annually grazed grassland. We used radiotelemetry in 1988-1990 to locate 147 nests in the sandhills of Nebraska, USA, and classified 121 as initial nests and 26 as renests. We used visual obstruction readings (VOR) to measure the height and density of residual cover at nests and 373 landscape-scale transects around leks (trap sites). We excluded 77 nests from vegetation analysis because green herbage or early livestock grazing compromised residual cover measurements. Most females selected nest sites with residual cover, mostly warm-season grasses, taller and denser than surrounding vegetation. Visual obstruction readings at 70 nests (x over bar = 7.1 cm, SE = 0.4, range = 1.0-19.0) averaged almost twice the VOR of residual cover within 12 m of nests (x over bar = 4.0 cm, SE = 0.3, range = 0.9-11.8) and almost three times the landscape VOR (x over bar = 2.5 cm, SE = 0.1, range = 0.5-7.9). As further evidence of the importance of residual cover, >52% (n > 37) of the females (initial nests) in 1988 and 1989 completed egg-laying and were incubating before green herbage began contributing to nest cover. More than 88% (n > 42) of the females relied on residual cover through egg-laying in 1990 when annual drought delayed foliar development. Interested ranchers and land managers can enhance residual cover through livestock grazing management to attract females and presumably increase nest density, a key component of annual sharp-tailed grouse productivity. (c) 2020 The Wildlife Society. OI schenbeck, gregory/0000-0001-9310-3786; Vodehnal, William/0000-0002-8501-6727; Uresk, Daniel W./0000-0001-8136-8648 SN 1938-5463 PD JUN PY 2020 VL 44 IS 2 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1002/wsb.1091 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531860800001 ER PT J AU Masese, FO Kiplagat, MJ Gonzalez-Quijano, CR Subalusky, AL Dutton, CL Post, DM Singer, GA AF Masese, Frank O. Kiplagat, Mary J. Gonzalez-Quijano, Clara Romero Subalusky, Amanda L. Dutton, Christopher L. Post, David M. Singer, Gabriel A. TI Hippopotamus are distinct from domestic livestock in their resource subsidies to and effects on aquatic ecosystems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB In many regions of the world, populations of large wildlife have been displaced by livestock, and this may change the functioning of aquatic ecosystems owing to significant differences in the quantity and quality of their dung. We developed a model for estimating loading rates of organic matter (dung) by cattle for comparison with estimated rates for hippopotamus in the Mara River, Kenya. We then conducted a replicated mesocosm experiment to measure ecosystem effects of nutrient and carbon inputs associated with dung from livestock (cattle) versus large wildlife (hippopotamus). Our loading model shows that per capita dung input by cattle is lower than for hippos, but total dung inputs by cattle constitute a significant portion of loading from large herbivores owing to the large numbers of cattle on the landscape. Cattle dung transfers higher amounts of limiting nutrients, major ions and dissolved organic carbon to aquatic ecosystems relative to hippo dung, and gross primary production and microbial biomass were higher in cattle dung treatments than in hippo dung treatments. Our results demonstrate that different forms of animal dung may influence aquatic ecosystems in fundamentally different ways when introduced into aquatic ecosystems as a terrestrially derived resource subsidy. RI Post, David/A-6987-2009; Singer, Gabriel/C-6285-2012 OI Post, David/0000-0003-1434-7729; Dutton, Christopher/0000-0002-1091-7571; Singer, Gabriel/0000-0002-7389-9788; Romero Gonzalez-Quijano, Clara/0000-0002-7343-5561 SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 PD MAY 13 PY 2020 VL 287 IS 1926 AR 20193000 DI 10.1098/rspb.2019.3000 UT WOS:000531581700001 PM 32345142 ER PT J AU Abebe, AS Alemayehu, K Johansson, AM Gizaw, S AF Abebe, Abiye Shenkut Alemayehu, Kefyalew Johansson, Anna Maria Gizaw, Solomon TI Breeding practices and trait preferences of smallholder farmers for indigenous sheep in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia: Inputs to design a breeding program SO PLOS ONE AB The aim of this study was to identify breeding practices and trait preferences for indigenous sheep in three districts (Estie, Farta and Lay Gayient) located in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia. Questionnaire survey and choice experiment methods were used to collect data from 370 smallholder farmers. Respondents were selected randomly among smallholder farmers who own sheep in the aforementioned districts. A generalized multinomial logit model was employed to examine preferences for sheep attributes, while descriptive statistics and index values were computed to describe sheep breeding practices. Having the highest index value of 0.36, income generation was ranked as the primary reason for keeping sheep, followed by meat and manure sources. The average flock size per smallholder farmer was 10.21 sheep. The majority of the smallholder farmers (91%) have the experience of selecting breeding rams and ewes within their own flock using diverse criteria. Given the highest index value of 0.34, body size was ranked as a primary ram and ewe selection criteria, followed by coat color. Furthermore, choice modeling results revealed that tail type, body size, coat color, growth rate, horn and ear size have shown significant influences on smallholder farmers' preference for breeding rams (P<0.01). The part-worth utility coefficients were positive for all ram attributes except ear size. For breeding ewes, mothering ability, coat color, body size, lambing interval, growth rate, tail type and litter size have shown significant effects on choice preferences of smallholder farmers (P<0.05). Moreover, significant scale heterogeneity was observed among respondents for ewe attributes (P<0.001). Overall, the results implied that sheep breeding objectives suitable for the northwest highlands of the country can be derived from traits such as linear body measurement, weight and survival at different ages, and lambing intervals. However, selection decisions at the smallholder level should not only be based on estimated breeding values of traits included in the breeding objective but instead, incorporate ways to address farmers' preference for qualitative traits. OI Johansson, Anna M/0000-0002-9762-0497; Abebe, Abiye Shenkut/0000-0002-3887-1376 SN 1932-6203 PD MAY 12 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 5 AR e0233040 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0233040 UT WOS:000537475000038 PM 32396551 ER PT J AU Thorman, RE Nicholson, FA Topp, CFE Bell, MJ Cardenas, LM Chadwick, DR Cloy, JM Misselbrook, TN Rees, RM Watson, CJ Williams, JR AF Thorman, Rachel E. Nicholson, Fiona A. Topp, Cairistiona F. E. Bell, Madeleine J. Cardenas, Laura M. Chadwick, David R. Cloy, Joanna M. Misselbrook, Tom N. Rees, Robert M. Watson, Catherine J. Williams, John R. TI Towards Country-Specific Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors for Manures Applied to Arable and Grassland Soils in the UK SO FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factors (EFs) were calculated from measurements of emissions from livestock manures applied to UK arable crops and grassland as part of a wider research programme to reduce uncertainty in the UK national agricultural N2O inventory and to enhance regional inventory reporting through increased understanding of processes and factors controlling emissions. Field studies were undertaken between 2011 and 2013 at 3 arable and 3 grassland sites in the UK. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured following the autumn and spring application of different manures (pig slurry, cattle slurry, cattle farmyard manure (FYM), pig FYM, poultry layer manure, and broiler litter) at typical rates, using representative manure application and soil incorporation methods. In addition, ammonia emissions and nitrate leaching losses (1 site on a light sandy soil) were measured to calculate indirect N2O losses. IPCC comparable, direct N2O EFs ranged from -0.05 to 2.30% of total nitrogen applied, with the variability driven by a range of factors including differences in manure composition, application method, incorporation and climatic conditions. When data from the autumn applications were pooled, the mean N2O EF from poultry manure (1.52%) was found to be greater (P < 0.001) than from FYM (0.37%) and slurry (0.72%), with no difference found (P = 0.784) in the EF for bandspread compared with surface broadcast slurry application, and no effect (P = 0.328) of the nitrification inhibitor, Dicyandiamide (DCD). For the spring applications, the mean N2O EF for bandspread slurry (0.56%) was greater (P = 0.028) than from surface broadcast slurry (0.31%), but there were no differences (P = 0.212) in the mean N2O EFs from poultry manure (0.52%), slurry (0.44%), and FYM (0.22%). The study did confirm, however, that DCD reduced N2O emissions from slurries applied in the spring by 45%. EF data from this project have been used in the derivation of robust Tier 2 country specific EFs for inclusion in the UK national agriculture greenhouse gas inventory. RI ; Topp, Cairistiona/L-8439-2016; Misselbrook, Tom/N-2385-2014 OI Rees, Robert/0000-0003-1348-8693; Cloy, Joanna/0000-0002-1538-1008; Topp, Cairistiona/0000-0002-7064-638X; Thorman, Rachel/0000-0001-7175-2005; Misselbrook, Tom/0000-0002-4594-3606 EI 2571-581X PD MAY 12 PY 2020 VL 4 AR UNSP 62 DI 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00062 UT WOS:000537223800001 ER PT J AU Mihiretu, A Okoyo, EN Lemma, T AF Mihiretu, Ademe Okoyo, Eric Ndemo Lemma, Tesfaye TI Small holder farmers' perception and response mechanisms to climate change: Lesson from Tekeze lowland goat and sorghum livelihood zone, Ethiopia SO COGENT FOOD & AGRICULTURE AB Though climate change is a global agenda since the last few decades, local and regional changes are not well documented in third-world nations. Therefore, understanding the local circumstances of climate change is vital to exert context specific responses to allay its adverse effects. This study hence assessed small holder farmers' perception and response mechanisms to climate change and their determinants in Tekeze lowland goat and sorghum livelihood zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Data collected from 260 sample respondents were analyzed in descriptive statistics and econometric model. Results revealed that 86.5% of the respondents observed changes in main climatic patterns, whereas 92.3% of them recognized variability in daily weather. Indeed, 76.8% and 83.5% of respondents perceived a rising temperature and decreasing rainfall, respectively. This finding is in line with the regression results of meteorological data recorded for 20 study years in the area. Among respondents who perceived the climate change, nearly two-third were responded through crop, livestock and nonagriculture-based livelihood initiatives. The probit model also discovered that educational status, farm/nonfarm income, extension contact, access to climate information and training were significant factors behind farmers' response decision. As a result, future development interventions should provide prominent training and extension, local meteorological service and agricultural inputs on top of creating nonagricultural income generating opportunities, would play significant role in climate change adaptation. SN 2331-1932 PD MAY 12 PY 2020 VL 6 IS 1 AR UNSP 1763647 DI 10.1080/23311932.2020.1763647 UT WOS:000535969600001 ER PT J AU Miller, ARV Haruda, A Varfolomeev, V Goryachev, A Makarewicz, CA AF Miller, A. R. Ventresca Haruda, A. Varfolomeev, V. Goryachev, A. Makarewicz, C. A. TI Close management of sheep in ancient Central Asia: evidence for foddering, transhumance, and extended lambing seasons during the Bronze and Iron Ages SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AB Pastoralism in Central Asia directed the utilization of natural resources, yet information on livestock management strategies remain scarce. Carbon (delta C-13) and oxygen (delta O-18) isotope analyses of domesticated sheep teeth are used to identify animal management strategies. Sheep from Kent exhibit an inverserelationship where low delta O-18 values coincide with high delta C-13 values, consistent with the foddering of caprines in the winter for this location which occursalongside evidence for an extended lambing season. At the high altitude encampment of Turgen, Bronze Age sheep exhibit low delta O-18 values that coincide withhigh delta C-13 values, suggesting that livestock were moved to low altitude pastures in the winter months. Iron Age sheep sequences also have an inverserelationship, where low delta O-18 values coincide with high delta C-13 values, yet high delta C-13 values in the winter suggest that livestock were foddered. Our findingsindicate variation in livestock management strategies with distinct adaptations to local ecologies. SN 2054-8923 DI 10.1080/20548923.2020.1759316 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000535483600001 ER PT J AU Gu, BJ Song, Y Yu, CQ Ju, XT AF Gu, Baojing Song, Yu Yu, Chaoqing Ju, Xiaotang TI Overcoming socioeconomic barriers to reduce agricultural ammonia emission in China SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB China is the world's largest country on ammonia (NH3) emission, which results in sever air pollution there. China's updated Clean Air Act has started to pay attention to NH3 reduction, but it is believed that solutions are mainly constrained by implementation of suitable technologies. Here we argued that socioeconomic barriers are the key to hinder the reduction of agricultural NH3 emission for better air quality in China. We found that small farm size is the key driving force for high NH3 emission from croplands, while little manure storage and recycle facilities and the mismatch of livestock and cropland on spatial distribution are the reasons for high NH3 emission from livestock. Overcoming these socioeconomic barriers could at least reduce half of the agricultural NH3 emission while maintaining food production in China. It not only can benefit air quality but also reduce potentials of eutrophication, groundwater contamination, soil acidification, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emission. SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 DI 10.1007/s11356-020-09154-9 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532124000011 PM 32399883 ER PT J AU Ball, L MacMillan, D Tzanopoulos, J Spalton, A Al Hikmani, H Moritz, M AF Ball, Lawrence MacMillan, Douglas Tzanopoulos, Joseph Spalton, Andrew Al Hikmani, Hadi Moritz, Mark TI Contemporary Pastoralism in the Dhofar Mountains of Oman SO HUMAN ECOLOGY AB In the Dhofar Mountains of Oman stakeholders are concerned about the social and ecological sustainability of pastoralism. In this study we used interviews with pastoralists to examine the prevailing drivers of pastoralism and how they are changing. We find that people are committed to pastoralism for sociocultural reasons but also that this commitment is under pressure because of husbandry costs and changing values. We find that capital investment in feedstuff enables pastoralists to overcome the density-dependent regulation of livestock populations. However, high production costs deter investment in marketing and commercialization, and there is little off take of local livestock. Our study reveals how pastoral values, passed down within households, motivate pastoralists in the face of high husbandry costs, modernization and social change. OI Ball, Lawrence/0000-0003-0549-3345 SN 0300-7839 EI 1572-9915 DI 10.1007/s10745-020-00153-5 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532145800001 ER PT J AU Zaveri, E Russ, J Damania, R AF Zaveri, Esha Russ, Jason Damania, Richard TI Rainfall anomalies are a significant driver of cropland expansion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Rainfall anomalies have long occupied center stage in policy discussions, and understanding their impacts on agricultural production has become more important as climate change intensifies. However, the global scale of rainfall-induced productivity shocks on changes in cropland is yet to be quantified. Here we identify how rainfall anomalies impact observed patterns of cropped areas at a global scale by leveraging locally determined unexpected variations in rainfall. Employing disaggregated panel data at the grid level, we find that repeated dry anomalies lead to an increase in cropland expansion in developing countries. No discernible effects are detected from repeated wet events. That these effects are confined to developing countries, which are often dominated by small-holder farmers, implies that they may be in response to reduced yields. The estimates suggest that overall, in developing countries, dry anomalies account for similar to 9% of the rate of cropland expansion over the past two decades. We perform several tests to check for consistency and robustness of this relationship. First, using forest cover as an alternative measure, we find comparable reductions in forest cover in the same regions where cropland expands due to repeated dry anomalies. Second, we test the relationship in regions where yields are buffered from rainfall anomalies by irrigation infrastructure and find that the impact on cropland expansion is mitigated, providing further support for our results. Since cropland expansion is a significant driver of deforestation, these results have important implications for forest loss and environmental services. SN 0027-8424 PD MAY 12 PY 2020 VL 117 IS 19 BP 10225 EP 10233 DI 10.1073/pnas.1910719117 UT WOS:000532837500022 PM 32341152 ER PT J AU Wang, LS Kotani, A Tanaka, T Ohta, T AF Wang, Lusha Kotani, Ayumi Tanaka, Takafumi Ohta, Takeshi TI Assessment of drought condition using remotely sensed drought severity index and its correlations with soil moisture product in Inner Mongolia SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY AB Drought has a deep impact in Inner Mongolia, which relies on livestock and farming. The temporal and spatial variability of drought conditions in Inner Mongolia were analyzed with a drought severity index (DSI), which is derived from the ratio of evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as measured by remote sensing. Soil moisture as an important drought measure has not been used in the calculation of DSI. Using monthly DSI data during the growing season (May-September) in 2001-2010, the relationship between DSI and soil moisture was investigated with correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Different seasonal and spatial patterns of drought occurrence were found in the notable drought years of 2001, 2007, and 2009. The largest correlations between DSI and soil moisture were attributed to the links between evapotranspiration and soil moisture. The spatial distribution of the correlation coefficients between DSI and soil moisture varied seasonally, tracking closely with the movement of rainfall belt. DSI could not reflect the variation of soil moisture in woodland. In grassland, DSI correlated with surface soil moisture in the east in the beginning of the growing season. As the rainfall belt expands to the west in the second half of the growing season, DSI reflected apparently deeper soil moisture conditions because of the spatial difference of soil properties, i.e., the water-holding capacity becomes larger from west to east. OI Wang, Lusha/0000-0003-2485-3537; Kotani, Ayumi/0000-0003-0350-0775 SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 DI 10.1007/s00704-020-03242-z EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532133600004 ER PT J AU Bilgin, Z Turan, N Cizmecigil, UY Altan, E Esatgil, MU Yilmaz, A Aydin, O Kocazeybek, B Richt, JA Yilmaz, H AF Bilgin, Zahide Turan, Nuri Cizmecigil, Utku Y. Altan, Eda Esatgil, Meltem Ulutas Yilmaz, Aysun Aydin, Ozge Kocazeybek, Bekir Richt, Juergen A. Yilmaz, Huseyin TI Investigation of Vector-Borne Viruses in Ticks, Mosquitos, and Ruminants in the Thrace District of Turkey SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES AB There is a considerable increase in vector-borne zoonotic diseases around the world, including Turkey, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), tick borne encephalitis (TBE), Rift Valley fever (RVF), and West Nile fever (WNF), causing disease and death in humans and animals and significant economical losses. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of CCHF virus (CCHFV) and TBE virus (TBEV) in ticks and RVF virus (RVFV) and WNF virus (WNV) in mosquitos, as well as in sheep and cattle, in the Thrace district of the Marmara region, which borders Bulgaria and Greece. Buffy-coat samples from 86 cattle and 81 sheep, as well as 563 ticks and 7390 mosquitos, were collected and examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for the presence of CCHFV, TBEV, RVFV, and WNV. All buffy-coat samples from cattle and sheep were negative for these viruses. Similarly, all tick samples were negative for CCHFV-RNA and TBEV-RNA. Among 245 pools representing 7390 mosquitos, only 1 pool sample was found to be positive for WNV-RNA and was confirmed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it was WNV lineage-2. No RVFV-RNA was detected in the 245 mosquito pools. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that CCHFV, TBEV, and RVFV are not present in livestock and respective vectors in the Thrace district of Marmara region of Turkey, whereas WNV-RNA was found in mosquitos from this region. SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 DI 10.1089/vbz.2019.2532 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000532239800001 PM 32397953 ER PT J AU Ivanova, E Canovas, S Garcia-Martinez, S Romar, R Lopes, JS Rizos, D Sanchez-Calabuig, MJ Krueger, F Andrews, S Perez-Sanz, F Kelsey, G Coy, P AF Ivanova, Elena Canovas, Sebastian Garcia-Martinez, Soledad Romar, Raquel Lopes, Jordana S. Rizos, Dimitrios Sanchez-Calabuig, Maria J. Krueger, Felix Andrews, Simon Perez-Sanz, Femando Kelsey, Gavin Coy, Pilar TI DNA methylation changes during preimplantation development reveal inter-species differences and reprogramming events at imprinted genes SO CLINICAL EPIGENETICS AB Preimplantation embryos experience profound resetting of epigenetic information inherited from the gametes. Genome-wide analysis at single-base resolution has shown similarities but also species differences between human and mouse preimplantation embryos in DNA methylation patterns and reprogramming. Here, we have extended such analysis to two key livestock species, the pig and the cow. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation and whole-transcriptome datasets from gametes to blastocysts in both species. In oocytes from both species, a distinctive bimodal methylation landscape is present, with hypermethylated domains prevalent over hypomethylated domains, similar to human, while in the mouse the proportions are reversed. An oocyte-like pattern of methylation persists in the cleavage stages, albeit with some reduction in methylation level, persisting to blastocysts in cow, while pig blastocysts have a highly hypomethylated landscape. In the pig, there was evidence of transient de novo methylation at the 8-16 cell stages of domains unmethylated in oocytes, revealing a complex dynamic of methylation reprogramming. The methylation datasets were used to identify germline differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) of known imprinted genes and for the basis of detection of novel imprinted loci. Strikingly in the pig, we detected a consistent reduction in gDMR methylation at the 8-16 cell stages, followed by recovery to the blastocyst stage, suggesting an active period of imprint stabilization in preimplantation embryos. Transcriptome analysis revealed absence of expression in oocytes of both species of ZFP57, a key factor in the mouse for gDMR methylation maintenance, but presence of the alternative imprint regulator ZNF445. In conclusion, our study reveals species differences in DNA methylation reprogramming and suggests that porcine or bovine models may be closer to human in key aspects than in the mouse model. OI Perez Sanz, Fernando/0000-0002-8143-7794; Sena Lopes, Jordana/0000-0002-8419-7845 SN 1868-7075 EI 1868-7083 PD MAY 11 PY 2020 VL 12 IS 1 AR 64 DI 10.1186/s13148-020-00857-x UT WOS:000534337600002 PM 32393379 ER PT J AU Ventura, E Gadaj, A Buckley, T Mooney, MH AF Ventura, Emiliano Gadaj, Anna Buckley, Tom Mooney, Mark H. TI Investigation of stability of selective androgen receptor modulators in urine SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT AB Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a class of new emerging "designer" steroid compounds gaining popularity over more well established anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) amongst both non-professional and elite athletes. Moreover, due to their anabolic activity, SARM compounds may also potentially be abused in livestock animals to increase meat production. Consequently, SARM residues should be monitored as a part of routine testing employed within both anti-doping and drug residue laboratories. Since only a limited amount of information on SARM compound stability is currently available within the peer-reviewed literature, this study reports a practical approach to assess optimal storage conditions for 15 SARM compounds in solvent solutions (standard stock and intermediate mixed standard solutions) stored at -20 degrees C for up to 1 year, as well as in a range of urine test matrices (bovine, equine, canine and human) under frozen (-20 degrees C, -80 degrees C) storage for up to 20 weeks and post freeze-thaw cycles. Moreover, SARM storage stability within solvent extracts was assessed at -20 degrees C (0-4 weeks) and 4 degrees C (0-2 weeks). Findings demonstrate that SARM analytes are stable in reference solutions when stored at -20 degrees C, apart from PF-06260414 (stock solution) which should be stored at lower temperatures (e.g. -80 degrees C). A limited degree of compound instability was observed for a number of SARM analytes in urine both when stored at -20 degrees C, and after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Moreover, SARM compounds within reconstituted urine solvent extracts were found to be effectively stable when stored for up to 4 weeks at -20 degrees C and for 2 weeks at 4 degrees C. The long-term stability testing data reported here will inform the more timely and effective development and validation of analytical methods for SARM residue detection and analysis, ensuring confidence in findings from monitoring of livestock animals and anti-doping processes. SN 1944-0049 EI 1944-0057 DI 10.1080/19440049.2020.1757165 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000533762800001 PM 32401172 ER PT J AU Fewlass, H Mitchell, PJ Casanova, E Cramp, LJE AF Fewlass, Helen Mitchell, Peter J. Casanova, Emmanuelle Cramp, Lucy J. E. TI Chemical evidence of dairying by hunter-gatherers in highland Lesotho in the late first millennium ad SO NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AB The recovery of Early Iron Age artefacts and domestic animal remains from hunter-gatherer contexts at Likoaeng, Lesotho, has been argued to indicate contact between highland hunter-gatherers and Early Iron Age agropastoralist communities settled in lowland areas of southeastern Africa during the second half of the first millennium ad. However, disagreement between archaeozoological studies and ancient DNA means that the possibility that those hunter-gatherers kept livestock themselves remains controversial. Here we report analyses of pottery-absorbed organic residues from two hunter-gatherer sites and one agriculturalist site in highland Lesotho to reconstruct prehistoric subsistence practices. Our results demonstrate the exploitation of secondary products from domestic livestock by hunter-gatherers in Lesotho, directly dated to the seventh century ad at Likoaeng and the tenth century ad at the nearby site of Sehonghong. The data provide compelling evidence for the keeping of livestock by hunter-gatherer groups and their probable incorporation as ancillary resources into their subsistence strategies. Fewlass et al. recover dairy residues from hunter-gatherer pottery from highland Lesotho dating from mid-to-late first millennium ad, which implies ongoing contact between these groups and coastal agriculturalists not long after they first arrived in southern Africa. OI Fewlass, Helen/0000-0002-9093-3490; Cramp, Lucy/0000-0003-2012-2753 SN 2397-3374 DI 10.1038/s41562-020-0859-0 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531920100002 PM 32393839 ER PT J AU Gomes, F Pedreira, BC Santos, PM Bosi, C Pedreira, CGS AF Gomes, Fagner Junior Pedreira, Bruno Carneiro Santos, Patricia Menezes Bosi, Cristiam Pedreira, Carlos Guilherme Silveira TI Shading effects on canopy and tillering characteristics of continuously stocked palisadegrass in a silvopastoral system in the Amazon biome SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE AB In silvopastoral (SP) systems, forage responses depend on the microenvironment in which the plants develop. Our objective was to evaluate canopy and tillering characteristics of shaded 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst A Rich) Stapf, syn. Urochloa brizantha] under continuous stocking in a SP system. Treatments were one full sun (FS) and three shaded systems (silvopasture, SP) corresponding to distances from tree groves: 7.5 m north (SP1), and 15 m (SP2) and 7.5 m south (SP3) studied during two rainy seasons (Year 1 and Year 2). The tree in the SP system was Eucalyptus urograndis (hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). The photosynthetic active radiation was greater in FS (923 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), followed by SP2 (811 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), SP1 (727 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and SP3 (673 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). Forage accumulation in FS was 15% greater than the mean of SP1, SP2 and SP3 (10,663 kg DM/ha). There was no difference in net accumulation of leaf, stem and dead material, averaging 3,302, 3,420 and 4,063 kg DM/ha respectively. Leaf accumulation and accumulation rate were greater in Year 2, and leaf accumulation rate was similar among treatments (19 kg DM ha(-1) day(-1)). Leaf proportion increased 14% from Year 1 to Year 2. Specific leaf area was greater for treatments SP1 and SP3 (193 cm(2)/g). Tiller population density was similar across treatments in Year 1. Shaded palisadegrass maintains leaf productivity similar to FS under continuous stocking in an SP system. RI Gomes, Fagner Junior/D-6007-2015; Bosi, Cristiam/L-2415-2016; Pedreira, Bruno/C-2306-2018; Pedreira, Carlos/F-8354-2012 OI Gomes, Fagner Junior/0000-0002-6671-4474; Bosi, Cristiam/0000-0001-8318-6477; Pedreira, Bruno/0000-0003-4663-954X; Pedreira, Carlos/0000-0001-5935-854X SN 0142-5242 EI 1365-2494 DI 10.1111/gfs.12478 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531391500001 ER PT J AU Lawley, C AF Lawley, Chad TI Potential impacts of COVID-19 on Canadian farmland markets SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE AB Evidence from the past 50 years suggests that changes in Canadian farmland values are influenced by farming returns, real interest rates, and exchange rates. Residential and commercial development also affects the value of farmland close to major urban centers. The COVID-19 economic shutdown is expected to reduce crop and livestock returns, which will put downward pressure on farmland values. The magnitude of this downward pressure will depend on the extent and the length of the recession. The evolution of interest rates over the next months and years could have a significant impact on farmland values. Historically, low real interest rates have coincided with higher farmland values, whereas high real interest rates have caused significant reductions in farmland values. The development value of farmland close to major cities could be negatively impacted by a sharp downturn in residential and commercial property markets. SN 0008-3976 EI 1744-7976 DI 10.1111/cjag.12242 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531433600001 ER PT J AU Waki, M Abe, K Yasuda, T Fukumoto, Y AF Waki, Miyoko Abe, Kaoru Yasuda, Tomoko Fukumoto, Yasuyuki TI Tolerance of anammox reactor packed with zeolite to partial supply of nitrite or ammonium using purified livestock wastewater SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AB Anammox reaction requires nitrite and ammonium in the ratio of 1.1-1.3. However, controlling a partial nitrification process prior to the anammox process to maintain this ratio in an influent to the anammox reactor is not easy. In this study, the effect of zeolite on anammox reaction was investigated to determine a method of ammonium preservation in case of partial supply of nitrite or ammonium. Up-flow column type anammox reactors, filled with either zeolite or non-woven fabric, were operated in two-week intervals with purified livestock wastewater containing either ammonium or nitrite. The zeolite reactor showed significantly higher nitrogen removal rates than the non-woven fabric reactor for both influents. When the influent contained ammonium, it was adsorbed onto zeolite, while anammox tolerated starvation for two weeks. In a subsequent reaction cycle, when the influent contained nitrite, anammox used the nitrite and the ammonium desorbed from zeolite. The highest nitrogen removal rates were 0.71 and 0.29 gN/L/day, observed in the zeolite reactor, with the ammonium and nitrite influents, respectively. The limiting factor for reactor performance was zeolite saturation level when the influent contained ammonium and anammox reaction rate when the influent contained nitrite. This study demonstrated that zeolite can buffer the unbalance of the nitrite to ammonium ratio in an anammox reaction, and showed the scopes for improvement under each influent. OI Waki, Miyoko/0000-0002-7113-3287; Yasuda, Tomoko/0000-0002-9687-2473 SN 0959-3330 EI 1479-487X PD MAY 11 PY 2020 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1411 EP 1418 DI 10.1080/09593330.2018.1537307 UT WOS:000524950400007 PM 30328393 ER PT J AU O'Connell, C Billingsley, K AF O'Connell, Caela Billingsley, Krista TI A Place at the Well: The Imperative for Farmer Inclusion in Water Conservation Policy Design SO CULTURE AGRICULTURE FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT AB Achieving cleaner water for rural and suburban communities in a sustainable way requires approaches tailored to the unique socioeconomic, ecological, and historic contexts embedded in a particular community and place. Water quality trading (WQT) is a payment for ecosystem services style policy that is currently popular across North America as a mechanism to reduce water pollution from rural communities. Yet this approach is failing to generate markets with enough trades to measurably improve waterways. Some failures are attributed to poor program design and others to stakeholder communities who are averse to the premise or morality of WQT. However, rural communities are not homogenous and many are in fact amenable to payment for ecosystem services policies such as WQT. Although our case study identified Tennessee watersheds as "feasible" locations, we present evidence that the typical program design parameters would fail, despite having a willing population of farmers. We argue that identifying amenable communities or feasible locations simplifies the agency of stakeholders and is ultimately insufficient to make ecosystem services programs work unless the design and implementation phases of the programs include local stakeholders. SN 2153-9553 EI 2153-9561 DI 10.1111/cuag.12247 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531163800001 ER PT J AU Hayes, L Manyweathers, J Langstaff, I Howard, D Hernandez-Jover, M AF Hayes, L. Manyweathers, J. Langstaff, I Howard, D. Hernandez-Jover, M. TI The importance of understanding end user acceptability of new technology to support animal health management SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL AB This pilot study investigates the acceptability of a mobile application (app) developed to assist livestock producers make better animal health decisions with the support of a local veterinarian. With the increase in new technologies available for producers, acceptability evaluation is important to ensure that technology is designed considering end users' needs. An acceptability qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, was designed including a purposive selection of sheep producers and livestock veterinarians. Eleven producers and six veterinarians participated in the study. Results suggest that producers would use such a tool to contact private veterinarians in non-emergency situations to obtain animal health advice. From veterinarians' perspective, while features of the app, such as messaging and notifications, were considered useful, concerns were raised about its capacity to enhance business opportunities and potential privacy implications. This study highlights the importance of engaging with end users in the early stages of the design and the introduction of new technology to maximise potential for adoption. OI Hernandez-Jover, Marta/0000-0001-8803-9062; Hayes, Lynne/0000-0002-5172-0281 SN 0005-0423 EI 1751-0813 DI 10.1111/avj.12955 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531299600001 PM 32390173 ER PT J AU Omondi, GP Gakuya, F Arzt, J Sangula, A Hartwig, E Pauszek, S Smoliga, G Brito, B Perez, A Obanda, V VanderWaal, K AF Omondi, George P. Gakuya, Francis Arzt, Jonathan Sangula, Abraham Hartwig, Ethan Pauszek, Steven Smoliga, George Brito, Barbara Perez, Andres Obanda, Vincent VanderWaal, Kimberly TI The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES AB Quantitative knowledge on the contribution of African buffalo to the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in East Africa is lacking, and this information is essential for the design of control programs in the region. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of FMDV in buffalo, including the role of buffalo in the circulation of FMDV in livestock populations. We collected blood and oropharyngeal fluids from 92 wild buffalo and 98 sympatric cattle in central Kenya and sequenced the virus' VP1 coding region. We show that FMDV has a high seroprevalence in buffalo (similar to 77%) and targeted cattle (similar to 93%). In addition, we recovered 80 FMDV sequences from buffalo, all of which were serotype SAT1 and SAT2, and four serotype O and A sequences from sympatric cattle. Notably, six individual buffalo were co-infected with both SAT1 and SAT2. Amongst sympatric buffalo and cattle, the fact that no SAT1 or 2 sequences were found in cattle suggests that transmission of FMDV from buffalo to sympatric cattle is rare. Similarly, there was no evidence that serotype O and A sequences found in cattle were transmitted to buffalo. However, viruses from FMDV outbreaks in cattle elsewhere in Kenya were closely related to SAT1 and SAT2 viruses found in buffalo in this study, suggesting that FMDV in cattle and buffalo do not constitute independently evolving populations. We also show that fine-scale geographic features, such as rivers, influence the circulation of FMDV in buffalo and that social segregation amongst sympatric herds may limit between-herd transmission. These results significantly advance our understanding of the ecology and molecular epidemiology of FMDV at wildlife-livestock interfaces in East Africa and will help to inform the design of control and surveillance strategies for this disease in the region. OI Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 SN 1865-1674 EI 1865-1682 DI 10.1111/tbed.13573 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531162800001 PM 32303117 ER PT J AU Witt, ABR Floyd, KS Nunda, W Beale, T Shanungu, G Kriticos, DJ AF Witt, Arne B. R. Floyd, Kelvin S. Nunda, Winnie Beale, Tim Shanungu, Griffin Kriticos, Darren J. TI Mimosa pigra in eastern and southern Africa: Distribution and socio-ecological impacts SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY AB The semiaquatic weed Mimosa pigra has negative impacts on biodiversity, fishing, crop and livestock production, and tourism in most places where it has been introduced, established and proliferated. Many of the ecological impacts are well known, but its impacts on rural livelihoods are less well documented, especially in Africa. We mapped the distribution of M. pigra in eastern and southern Africa, and then compared that with its potential distribution based on an ecoclimatic niche model. Household interviews were conducted to assess the impacts of this weed on local livelihoods. Mimosa pigra was found to be invasive in western Ethiopia, around the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika, and along the Tanzanian coastline, northern Malawi, parts of Mozambique and along the Kafue River and in the Barotse floodplain on the Zambezi River in Zambia. According to respondents living along the Kafue River floodplains in Zambia, it has a negative impact on biodiversity, wildlife, livestock, crop production, fishing and mobility. Dense stands prevented the movement of people and livestock, limiting access to croplands, grazing lands and fishing areas. Fish catches have been reduced and fishing equipment damaged. All respondents agreed that their livelihood options would be considerably enhanced if M. pigra was removed from the landscape. Based on its current and potential impact, we therefore recommend that an integrated management plan be developed and implemented, including the appropriate use of biological control agents to reduce the negative impacts of the weed. SN 1442-9985 EI 1442-9993 DI 10.1111/aec.12895 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531180500001 ER PT J AU Gencer, E Burniske, GR Doering, OC Tyner, WE Agrawal, R Delgass, WN Ejeta, G McCann, MC Carpita, NC AF Gencer, Emre Burniske, Gary R. Doering, Otto C., III Tyner, Wallace E. Agrawal, Rakesh Delgass, W. Nicholas Ejeta, Gebisa McCann, Maureen C. Carpita, Nicholas C. TI Sustainable production of ammonia fertilizers from biomass SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR AB Nitrogen is the most limiting plant nutrient. Inexpensive natural gas has substantially reduced costs of ammonia fertilizer for intensive agriculture in the developed world, but its excessive use negatively impacts downstream ecosystems. By contrast, the availability of ammonia fertilizer is a major economic bottleneck for agriculture in developing countries. A dedicated lignocellulosic biomass crop could supply sufficient substrate to generate optimal nitrogen fertilizer on less than 5% of a grower's food crop acreage. Reimagining ammonia generation using biomass could significantly enhance sustainable agricultural productivity in developing countries when combined with emerging catalytic technologies. (c) 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd OI Gencer, Emre/0000-0003-1073-2371 SN 1932-104X EI 1932-1031 DI 10.1002/bbb.2101 EA MAY 2020 UT WOS:000531164800001 ER EF