FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science VR 1.0 PT J AU O'Connor, LMJ Pollock, LJ Braga, J Ficetola, GF Maiorano, L Martinez-Almoyna, C Montemaggiori, A Ohlmann, M Thuiller, W AF O'Connor, Louise M. J. Pollock, Laura J. Braga, Joao Ficetola, Gentile Francesco Maiorano, Luigi Martinez-Almoyna, Camille Montemaggiori, Alessandro Ohlmann, Marc Thuiller, Wilfried TI Unveiling the food webs of tetrapods across Europe through the prism of the Eltonian niche SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Aim Despite recent calls for integrating interaction networks into the study of large-scale biodiversity patterns, we still lack a basic understanding of the functional characteristics of large interaction networks and how they are structured across environments. Here, building on recent advances in network science around the Eltonian niche concept, we aim to characterize the trophic groups in a large food web, and understand how these trophic groups vary across space. Location Europe and Anatolia. Taxon Tetrapods (1,136 species). Methods We combined an expert-based metaweb of all European tetrapods with their spatial distributions and biological traits. To understand the functional structure of the metaweb, we first used a stochastic block model to group species with similar Eltonian niches, and then analysed these groups with species' functional traits and network metrics. We then combined these groups with species distributions to understand how trophic diversity varies across space, in function of the environment, and between the European ecoregions. Results We summarized the 1,136 interacting species within the metaweb into 46 meaningful trophic groups of species with a similar role in the metaweb. Specific aspects of the ecology of species, such as their activity time, nesting habitat and diet explained these trophic groups. Across space, trophic diversity was driven by both biotic and abiotic factors (species richness, climate and primary productivity), and the representation of trophic groups differed among European ecoregions. Main conclusions We have characterized the Eltonian niche of species in a large food web, both in terms of species interactions and functional traits, and then used this to understand the spatial variation of food webs at a functional level, thus bringing together network science, functional ecology and biogeography. Our results highlight the need to integrate multiple aspects of species ecology in global change research. Further, our approach is strongly relevant for conservation biology as it could help predict the impact of species translocations on trophic diversity. RI THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco/A-2813-2008 OI THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco/0000-0003-3414-5155 SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 47 IS 1 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1111/jbi.13773 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504818900001 ER PT J AU Huang, CH Qi, XP Chen, DY Qi, J Ma, H AF Huang, Chien-Hsun Qi, Xinping Chen, Duoyuan Qi, Ji Ma, Hong TI Recurrent genome duplication events likely contributed to both the ancient and recent rise of ferns SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY AB Ferns, the second largest group of vascular plants, originated similar to similar to 400 million years ago (Mya). They became dominant in the ancient Earth landscape before the angiosperms and are still important in current ecosystems. Many ferns have exceptionally high chromosome numbers, possibly resulting from whole-genome duplications (WGDs). However, WGDs have not been investigated molecularly across fern diversity. Here we detected and dated fern WGDs using a phylogenomic approach and by calculating synonymous substitution rates (Ks). We also investigated a possible correlation between proposed WGDs and shifts in species diversification rates. We identified 19 WGDs: three ancient events along the fern phylogenetic backbone that are shared by 66%-97% of extant ferns, with additional lineage-specific WGDs for eight orders, providing strong evidence for recurring genome duplications across fern evolutionary history. We also observed similar Ks peak values for more than half of these WGDs, with multiple WGDs occurring close to the Cretaceous (similar to 145-66 Mya). Despite the repeated WGD events, the biodiversity of ferns declined during the Cretaceous, implying that other factors probably contributed to the floristic turnover from ferns to angiosperms. This study provides molecular evidence for recurring WGDs in ferns and offers important clues to the genomic evolutionary history of ferns. SN 1672-9072 EI 1744-7909 DI 10.1111/jipb.12877 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504770000001 PM 31628713 ER PT J AU Liao, ZY Zhang, L Nobis, MP Wu, XG Pan, KW Wang, KQ Dakhil, MA Du, MX Xiong, QL Pandey, B Tian, XL AF Liao, Ziyan Zhang, Lin Nobis, Michael P. Wu, Xiaogang Pan, Kaiwen Wang, Keqing Dakhil, Mohammed A. Du, Mingxi Xiong, Qinli Pandey, Bikram Tian, Xianglin TI Climate change jointly with migration ability affect future range shifts of dominant fir species in Southwest China SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS AB Aim As a prominent geographical distribution centre for the dark coniferous forests, mountains of Southwest China (MSWC) is experiencing an unprecedented warming trend, posing severe challenges to the survival of dominant fir (Abies) species. Although plant's migration ability is a prerequisite for its survival in changing environments, it has often been ignored in species distribution models (SDMs). This study aimed to quantify the magnitude and direction of range changes by the year 2080 for six dominant fir species, that is Abies recurvata, Abies faxoniana, Abies squamata, Abies ernestii, Abies forrestii and Abies georgei, with an emphasis on exploring the relationship between migration ability and projected distributions. Location The mountains of Southwest China. Methods We applied the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) algorithm to calibrate ecological niche models and to project the climatically suitable areas (CSAs) of each species under two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Additionally, we delimited future species ranges by three migration scenarios (full-, no- and partial-migration scenarios). Results The simulations showed the distinctive responses of the six fir species to anthropogenic climate change (ACC). By 2080, the distribution areas of Abies recurvata were projected to decline only in the no-migration scenario but increase under the full- and partial-migration scenarios, while the other five species were projected to decline in the majority of emission x migration scenarios. Fir species in the southern region were predicted to be more vulnerable to ACC due to the larger losses in CSAs and a stronger effect of the partial-migration scenario on the newly colonized areas of this group. The studied species showed a simulated migration trend (northward and westward) to the interior Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under ACC. Main conclusions Benefits or losses for species under ACC depended on the geographical location, their ecological niches and migration abilities, which provide essential insights for a spatial conservation assessment of biodiversity hotspots in the future. RI ; Xiong, Qinli/Y-7212-2018 OI Liao, Ziyan/0000-0001-9354-2009; Xiong, Qinli/0000-0003-3827-3437 SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 DI 10.1111/ddi.13018 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504696300001 ER PT J AU Bakker, JP Schrama, M Esselink, P Daniels, P Bhola, N Nolte, S de Vries, Y Veeneklaas, RM Stock, M AF Bakker, J. P. Schrama, M. Esselink, P. Daniels, P. Bhola, N. Nolte, S. de Vries, Y. Veeneklaas, R. M. Stock, M. TI Long-Term Effects of Sheep Grazing in Various Densities on Marsh Properties and Vegetation Dynamics in Two Different Salt-Marsh Zones SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS AB For conservation management of grassland ecosystems, an important question is under which conditions large grazers induce compositional and structural variation in plant communities, which is a prerequisite for high biodiversity. Here we used two long-term projects on the mainland salt marshes of the Wadden Sea to test the hypothesis that long-term grazing management with different stocking densities results in plant communities with distinctively different plant species composition and vegetation structure. The two projects took place on a low clayey and a high sandy salt marsh with different stocking densities of sheep: 0, 1.5, 3.5, 4.5 and the initially 10 sheep ha(-1), where measurements were collected 11, 15, 19 and 23 years after the start of the project. Moreover, grazers affect abiotic conditions by reducing soil-redox potential and surface elevation, thereby driving composition and structure of salt-marsh vegetation. On the low salt marsh, a continued high stocking density (10 sheep ha(-1)) resulted in succession from the early-successional Puccinellia maritima community to the late-successional Atriplex portulacoides community. On the high salt marsh, the early-successional Festuca rubra community was maintained under all stocking densities. Cessation of grazing resulted in succession to the Elytrigia atherica community in both salt-marsh types. Intermediate stocking densities (1.5, 3 or 4.5 sheep ha(-1)) resulted in a mosaic of tall vegetation and patches of lawn, i.e. short-grazed vegetation, where Puccinellia maritima lawn occurred interspersed with patches of the Festuca rubra and tall Elytrigia atherica communities in both salt-marsh types. Effects of grazers were influenced by the presence of watering points near the sea wall. To conclude, our results show how joint interactions between grazers and abiotic conditions drive vegetation diversity and heterogeneity, with implications for ecosystem functions and services such as wildlife biodiversity and coastal protection. RI Nolte, Stefanie/U-3398-2017 OI Nolte, Stefanie/0000-0002-8570-241X SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 43 IS 2 BP 298 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s12237-019-00680-5 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504619200002 ER PT J AU Woodbury, DJ Yassir, I Arbainsyah Doroski, DA Queenborough, SA Ashton, MS AF Woodbury, David J. Yassir, Ishak Arbainsyah Doroski, Danica A. Queenborough, Simon A. Ashton, Mark S. TI Filling a void: Analysis of early tropical soil and vegetative recovery under leguminous, post-coal mine reforestation plantations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Land degradation in Borneo, one of the world's richest biodiversity hotspots, is extensive. In East Kalimantan, 5,000,000 ha of land are zoned for surface-mined coal. Deforestation from this mining threatens biodiversity and results in soil degradation, erosion, and polluted runoff, all directly impacting human populations. Revegetation methods developed for temperate forests are commonly used globally for mine rehabilitation. However, few empirical studies of native forest restoration as part of mine rehabilitation exist from wet tropical regions. Here, a chronosequence was established to observe forest succession under leguminous plantations at the PT Singlurus Pratama coal mine in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil and natural regeneration data were recorded from samples of ten 20 x 60-m plots randomly located in plantings aged 2, 7, and, 9 years postmining. Linear models (LMEMs) did not reveal greater soil pH, woody plant diversity, or soil phosphorus and nitrogen in older plantings. Rather, they showed higher soil carbon in older plantings, whereas nitrogen and pH were positively correlated with woody species diversity and abundance. Graminoids were less abundant, but ferns were more abundant in older sites in an ordination analysis. The implications are exotic tree plantations shade-out competitive understory herbaceous species (such as graminoids), opening growing space for other vegetation. However, the establishment of woody species is spatially limited possibly by differences in soil degradation among sites. Our results suggest that planting leguminous trees alone may not be sufficient to restore native forests, and future management should conserve and facilitate the establishment of tropical forest topsoil. OI Woodbury, David/0000-0002-8995-9933 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3464 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504628300001 ER PT J AU Ramey, DM AF Ramey, David M. TI Recent developments in school social control SO SOCIOLOGY COMPASS AB In the U.S., decisions regarding social control are increasingly modeled on two dominant institutions: the criminal justice and medical/healthcare systems. Sociologists and other scholars refer to this adoption of legal and/or medical terminology and technologies as criminalization and medicalization. These models of social control are particular evident in how America defines and manages child behavior. Public schools borrow from both the criminal justice and medical systems as part of the routine educational setting. In this article, I provide the first synthesis and review of the school criminalization and medicalization literatures. In doing so, I argue that criminalized school social controls provide harsh, repressive responses to student misbehavior, while medicalized school social controls provide rehabilitative and restitutive responses. Given these fundamentally different approaches to student behavior, I argue that the disproportionate use of criminalized and medicalized social control across racial/ethnic groups and children from different socioeconomic backgrounds entrenches inequalities and functions to channel racial/ethnic minorities and poor children into the school-to-prison pipeline while keeping socially advantaged children in school and away from the problems associated with criminalized social control. SN 1751-9020 AR UNSP e12743 DI 10.1111/soc4.12743 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504684500001 ER PT J AU Hu, XJ Zhang, HY Hao, HG Feng, DY Liu, HY Zhang, Q AF Hu, Xujun Zhang, Huiyuan Hao, Haiguang Feng, Danyang Liu, Haiyan Zhang, Qiang TI Understanding the relationships between poverty alleviation and ecosystem conservation: empirical evidence from western China SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE AB Despite growing interest in the use of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) for both social and ecological benefits, few studies have investigated the feedback and interaction between poverty alleviation and ecosystem protection outcomes. In this study, the poverty reduction effects of PES policies and their subsequent influence on environmental protection outcomes are investigated. To address these questions, 222 local rural households who were involved in PES programs from the Habahu National Nature Reserve in western China were interviewed. The results showed that the social and ecological outcomes of PES policies are neither two separate entities nor a trade-off. While rural households are the key participants in PES programs, the social and ecological outcomes of PES policies are closely related to each other. In addition, poverty reduction results could greatly influence ecosystem conservation effects. Livelihood assets, as well as the attitudes of rural households, play important roles in both of the outcomes. This research provides a new perspective that considers the social and ecological benefits of PES policies, and it also calls for an integrated consideration of social and ecological components in the design of PES policies to achieve enhanced results both for poverty alleviation and ecosystem conservation. SN 2095-0195 EI 2095-0209 DI 10.1007/s11707-019-0764-x EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504622100004 ER PT J AU Liu, JS Luo, GM Lu, ZL Lu, WY Qie, WK Zhang, FF Wang, XD Xie, SC AF Liu, Jiangsi Luo, Genming Lu, Zunli Lu, Wanyi Qie, Wenkun Zhang, Feifei Wang, Xiangdong Xie, Shucheng TI Intensified Ocean Deoxygenation During the end Devonian Mass Extinction SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS AB The end-Devonian mass extinction (similar to 359 Ma) substantially impacted marine ecosystems and shaped the roots of modern vertebrate biodiversity. Although multiple hypotheses have been proposed, no consensus has been reached about the mechanism inducing this extinction event. In this study, I/Ca ratio of carbonate was used to unravel the changes in local oxygen content of the upper water column during this critical interval. The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary was recorded in two shallow water carbonate sections in south China. I/Ca values at both locations show a clear decline in the Middle and Upper Siphonodella praesulcata conodont zones, which coincides with a positive shift in carbonate carbon isotope composition and a negative shift in nitrogen isotope composition. These results suggest that deoxygenation was intensified during this critical interval, which likely influenced shallow water habitats, lending support to the notion that oxygen deficiency likely was a direct mechanism impacting the end-Devonian mass extinction. EI 1525-2027 DI 10.1029/2019GC008614 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504593600001 ER PT J AU Ayivor, JS Gordon, C Tobin, GA Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y AF Ayivor, Jesse S. Gordon, Chris Tobin, Graham A. Ntiamoa-Baidu, Yaa TI Evaluation of management effectiveness of protected areas in the Volta Basin, Ghana: perspectives on the methodology for evaluation, protected area financing and community participation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY & PLANNING AB Protected areas are widely recognized as an important strategy for biodiversity conservation. Most of the sites are, however, poorly managed as resource exploitation by fringe communities and low government funding, among other things, threaten their management effectiveness. We used the World Commission on Protected Areas framework for designing management effectiveness evaluation systems, with the Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management (RAPPAM) methodology as a tool, to evaluate six components of the management cycle at six sites in Ghana for their management effectiveness. We examined the robustness of RAPPAM as an evaluation tool in the African context. The results showed that most of the sites evaluated are vulnerable and exposed to various degrees of pressure and threats, including poverty in the nearby communities, adjacent land-use and encroachment. On RAPPAM, we noted that apart from inconsistencies in some of the assessment scores due to the biases associated with the self-assessment approach of the methodology, the management effectiveness framework places little emphasis on financing and community participation, though both play major roles in the management process. We proposed a modification of the framework within the African context, to address effectively the underlying courses of pressure and threats facing Ghana's protected areas. SN 1523-908X EI 1522-7200 DI 10.1080/1523908X.2019.1705153 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504810900001 ER PT J AU Mardero, S Schmook, B Christman, Z Metcalfe, SE De la Barreda-Bautista, B AF Mardero, Sofia Schmook, Birgit Christman, Zachary Metcalfe, Sarah E. De la Barreda-Bautista, Betsabe TI Recent disruptions in the timing and intensity of precipitation in Calakmul, Mexico SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY AB This study addresses changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation from 1982 to 2016 from three meteorological stations around Calakmul, Mexico, a landscape balancing biodiversity conservation and smallholder agricultural production. Five methods were used to assess changes in precipitation: the Mann-Kendall test of annual and wet season trends; a fuzzy-logic approach to determine the onset of the rainy season; the Gini Index and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) to evaluate the temporal distribution of precipitation; Simple Precipitation Intensity Index (SDII) to evaluate precipitation intensity; and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) to identify the deficit or surplus of rainfall compared with the long-term mean. Overall, rainfall trends in Calakmul over this period indicate a slight increase, though results of the indices (Gini, SDII, PCI) all indicate that rainfall has become more intense and more unevenly distributed throughout the year. There was no significant trend in the onset date of rainfall or the RAI overall, though there were more pronounced crests and troughs from 2004 to 2016. Higher interannual variability and more pronounced rainfall anomalies, both positive and negative, suggest that rainfall in the Calakmul region has become more extreme. This research informs for management and livelihood strategies in the local region and offers insights for analyses of regional patterns of seasonal precipitation events in tropical landscapes worldwide. OI Schmook, Birgit/0000-0001-5775-0310; De la Barreda-Bautista, Betsabe/0000-0001-5642-8215 SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 DI 10.1007/s00704-019-03068-4 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504617800001 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, KA Hawkins, SJ Evans, AJ Hanley, ME Lunt, P Thompson, RC Francis, RA Hoggart, SPG Moore, PJ Iglesias, G Simmonds, D Ducker, J Firth, LB AF O'Shaughnessy, Kathryn A. Hawkins, Stephen J. Evans, Ally J. Hanley, Mick E. Lunt, Paul Thompson, Richard C. Francis, Robert A. Hoggart, Simon P. G. Moore, Pippa J. Iglesias, Gregorio Simmonds, David Ducker, James Firth, Louise B. TI Design catalogue for eco-engineering of coastal artificial structures: a multifunctional approach for stakeholders and end-users SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS AB Coastal urbanisation, energy extraction, food production, shipping and transportation have led to the global proliferation of artificial structures within the coastal and marine environments (sensu "ocean sprawl"), with subsequent loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. To mitigate and compensate impacts of ocean sprawl, the practice of eco-engineering of artificial structures has been developed over the past decade. Eco-engineering aims to create sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with the natural environment for the benefit of both. The science of eco-engineering has grown markedly, yet synthesis of research into a user-friendly and practitioner-focused format is lacking. Feedback from stakeholders has repeatedly stated that a "photo user guide" or "manual" covering the range of eco-engineering options available for artificial structures would be beneficial. However, a detailed and structured "user guide" for eco-engineering in coastal and marine environments is not yet possible; therefore we present an accessible review and catalogue of trialled eco-engineering options and a summary of guidance for a range of different structures tailored for stakeholders and end-users as the first step towards a structured manual. This work can thus serve as a potential template for future eco-engineering guides. Here we provide suggestions for potential eco-engineering designs to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services of coastal artificial structures with the following structures covered: (1) rock revetment, breakwaters and groynes composed of armour stones or concrete units; (2) vertical and sloping seawalls; (3) over-water structures (i.e., piers) and associated support structures; and (4) tidal river walls. OI Francis, Robert/0000-0002-4598-0861; O'Shaughnessy, Kathryn/0000-0002-8587-4473 SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 DI 10.1007/s11252-019-00924-z EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504587100001 ER PT J AU Jimenez, JC Marengo, JA Alves, LM Sulca, JC Takahashi, K Ferrett, S Collins, M AF Jimenez, Juan C. Marengo, Jose A. Alves, Lincoln M. Sulca, Juan C. Takahashi, Ken Ferrett, Samantha Collins, Matthew TI The role of ENSO flavours and TNA on recent droughts over Amazon forests and the Northeast Brazil region SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY AB Amazon tropical forests and the semiarid Northeast Brazil (NEB) region have registered very severe droughts during the last two decades, with a frequency that may have exceeded natural climate variability. Severe droughts impact the physiological response of Amazon forests, decreasing the availability to absorb atmospheric CO2, as well as biodiversity and increasing risk of fires. Droughts on this region also affect population by isolating them due to anomalous low river levels. Impacts of droughts over NEB region are related to water and energy security and subsistence agriculture. Most drought episodes over Amazonia and NEB are associated with El Nino (EN) events, anomalous warming over the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA), and even an overlapping among them. However, not all the dry episodes showed a large-scale pattern linked to a canonical EN event or warm TNA episodes. For instance, dry episodes linked to EN events present distinct spatial patterns of precipitation anomalies depending on EN type (Central-Pacific vs. Eastern-Pacific EN), and NEB region experienced a severe drought in 2012 that is not attributed to EN or warm TNA events. Even in the case of the strong EN in 2015/16, some regional impacts have not been explained by EN contribution. This paper discusses the effects of CP and EP EN events, and the role of warm TNA events on tropical Walker and Hadley circulation leading to drought over Amazonia and NEB regions. RI Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Sulca, Juan C/I-1965-2013; Takahashi, Ken/G-5321-2010 OI Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Sulca, Juan C/0000-0003-4393-3161; Takahashi, Ken/0000-0003-3670-2939 SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 DI 10.1002/joc.6453 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504607100001 ER PT J AU Cruz, MV Mori, GM Signori-Muller, C da Silva, CC Oh, DH Dassanayake, M Zucchi, MI Oliveira, RS de Souza, AP AF Cruz, Mariana Vargas Mori, Gustavo Maruyama Signori-Muller, Caroline da Silva, Carla Cristina Oh, Dong-Ha Dassanayake, Maheshi Zucchi, Maria Imaculada Oliveira, Rafael Silva de Souza, Anete Pereira TI Local adaptation of a dominant coastal tree to freshwater availability and solar radiation suggested by genomic and ecophysiological approaches SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Local adaptation is often a product of environmental variations in geographical space and has implications for biodiversity conservation. We investigated the role of latitudinal heterogeneity in climate on the organization of genetic and phenotypic variation in the dominant coastal tree Avicennia schaueriana. In a common garden experiment, samples from an equatorial region, with pronounced seasonality in precipitation, accumulated less biomass, and showed lower stomatal conductance and transpiration, narrower xylem vessels, smaller leaves and higher reflectance of long wavelengths by the stem epidermis than samples from a subtropical region, with seasonality in temperature and no dry season. Transcriptomic differences identified between trees sampled under field conditions at equatorial and subtropical sites, were enriched in functional categories such as responses to temperature, solar radiation, water deficit, photosynthesis and cell wall biosynthesis. Remarkably, the diversity based on genome-wide SNPs revealed a north-south genetic structure and signatures of selection were identified for loci associated with photosynthesis, anthocyanin accumulation and the responses to osmotic and hypoxia stresses. Our results suggest the existence of divergence in key resource-use characteristics, likely driven by seasonality in water deficit and solar radiation. These findings provide a basis for conservation plans and for predicting coastal plants responses to climate change. RI Oh, Dong-Ha/O-7591-2019; Mori, Gustavo Maruyama/D-5700-2013; de Souza, Anete P/B-8663-2012 OI Oh, Dong-Ha/0000-0003-1526-9814; Mori, Gustavo Maruyama/0000-0003-2308-2224; de Souza, Anete P/0000-0003-3831-9829; Signori-Muller, Caroline/0000-0003-1047-1896 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 27 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19936 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-56469-w UT WOS:000509288000015 PM 31882752 ER PT J AU Ederveen, THA Smits, JPH Hajo, K van Schalkwijk, S Kouwenhoven, TA Lukovac, S Wels, M van den Bogaard, EH Schalkwijk, J Boekhorst, J Zeeuwen, PLJM van Hijum, SAFT AF Ederveen, Thomas H. A. Smits, Jos P. H. Hajo, Karima van Schalkwijk, Saskia Kouwenhoven, Tessa A. Lukovac, Sabina Wels, Michiel van den Bogaard, Ellen H. Schalkwijk, Joost Boekhorst, Jos Zeeuwen, Patrick L. J. M. van Hijum, Sacha A. F. T. TI A generic workflow for Single Locus Sequence Typing (SLST) design and subspecies characterization of microbiota SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB We present TaxPhlAn, a new method and bioinformatics pipeline for design and analysis of single-locus sequence typing (SLST) markers to type and profile bacteria beyond the species-level in a complex microbial community background. TaxPhlAn can be applied to any group of phylogenetically-related bacteria, provided reference genomes are available. As TaxPhlAn requires the SLST targets identified to fit the phylogenetic pattern as determined through comprehensive evolutionary reconstruction of input genomes, TaxPhlAn allows for the identification and phylogenetic inference of new biodiversity. Here, we present a clinically relevant case study of high-resolution Staphylococcus profiling on skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. We demonstrate that SLST enables profiling of cutaneous Staphylococcus members at (sub)species level and provides higher resolution than current 16S-based techniques. With the higher discriminative ability provided by our approach, we further show that the presence of Staphylococcus capitis on the skin together with Staphylococcus aureus associates with AD disease. RI Schalkwijk, Joost/R-7509-2019; Smits, Jos P.H./P-5044-2015 OI Schalkwijk, Joost/0000-0002-1308-1319; Smits, Jos P.H./0000-0003-0915-8624 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 27 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19834 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-56065-y UT WOS:000508958000008 PM 31882601 ER PT J AU Manu, M Honciuc, V Neagoe, A Bancila, RI Iordache, V Onete, M AF Manu, Minodora Honciuc, Viorica Neagoe, Aurora Bancila, Raluca Ioana Iordache, Virgil Onete, Marilena TI Soil mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) as bioindicators for environmental conditions from polluted soils SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB An anthropic ecosystem from Romania was investigated from acarological, vegetation and chemical point of view. The community structures of two groups of mites were studied (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) from a tailing pond, using transect method, in correlation with concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn), with abiotic factors (altitude, aspect, soil temperature, soil humidity, soil pH) and biotic factor (vegetation coverage). Taking into account the mite communities, in total, 30 mite species were identified, with 1009 individuals and 18 immatures (10 species with 59 individuals, 5 immatures of Mesostigmata and 20 species with 950 individuals, 13 immatures of Oribatida). The investigated habitats from the tailing pond were grouped in five transects, with different degree of pollution, based on total metal loads. Taking into account of the connection between mites communities, abiotic factors and heavy metals, each transect were characterized through specific relationship. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we revealed that the occurrence of some Oribatida species was strongly correlated with vegetation coverage, soil pH and soil humidity, though concentrations of Cu, As, Mn, Ni and Zn also had an influence. Pb and Zn concentrations were shown to influence the occurrence of Mesostigmata mites. The heterogeneity of mites species richness at 2 m(2) scale was correlated with a metric related to the heterogeneity of heavy metals at the same scale. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 27 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 20250 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-56700-8 UT WOS:000509351600012 PM 31882876 ER PT J AU Muilwijk, M Nieuwdorp, M Snijder, MB Hof, MHP Stronks, K van Valkengoed, IGM AF Muilwijk, Mirthe Nieuwdorp, Max Snijder, Marieke B. Hof, Michel H. P. Stronks, Karien van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. TI The high risk for type 2 diabetes among ethnic minority populations is not explained by low-grade inflammation SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Our aim was to identify whether low-grade inflammation, reflected by C-reactive protein (CRP), explains the higher risk for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among ethnic minorities. We included 837 Dutch, 712 South-Asian Surinamese, 797 African Surinamese, 804 Ghanaian, 817 Turkish and 778 Moroccan origin participants of the HELIUS study (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). We used multiple linear regression to assess ethnic differences in CRP levels. We determined the association of CRP with T2D and the modifying effect of ethnicity by cox regression, and compared hazard ratios for the association between ethnicity and T2D before and after adjustment for CRP. CRP levels were higher in ethnic minority groups than in Dutch origin participants. CRP was associated with a higher T2D incidence, similarly across ethnic groups (overall HR per SD 1.38 [95% CI 1.14; 1.68]). However, the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjustment for adiposity measures (HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.90; 1.37]). CRP accounted for a very small part of the ethnic differences in T2D, but only in models unadjusted for adiposity. Low-grade inflammation does not substantially contribute to the higher risk of T2D among ethnic minority populations compared to the Dutch. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 27 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19871 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-56596-4 UT WOS:000508959400004 PM 31882814 ER PT J AU Xiong, QL Xiao, Y Halmy, MWA Pan, KW Dakhil, MA Zhang, L Li, T Liang, PH AF Xiong, Qinli Xiao, Yang Halmy, Marwa Waseem A. Pan, Kaiwen Dakhil, Mohammed A. Zhang, Lin Li, Ting Liang, Pinghan TI A blessing for the Yangtze River: optimization of Chinese regional policy planning for water yield and purification in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Land use/land cover (LULC) changes impact the structure and functioning of ecosystems, which consequently influences the provisioning of a range of ecosystem services (ES). There is a growing consensus regarding the merit of integrating the evaluation of ES into regional policy planning. The Yangtze River is the world's third longest and supports more than 6% of its population. However, assessing the potential impacts of different resource management policies upon ES is complicated in the Yangtze basin. To remedy this, here we designed a scenario analysis-based approach that used remotely sensed data and GIS (geographic information system) to analyze the relationships between ES (i.e., water flow regulation, water purification) and policies envisioned to improve human welfare in the Chongqing municipality, in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) in the Yangtze basin. This watershed area has high population density and suffers from severe flood hazard and critical pollution issues. The GEOMOD modeling technique was used to predict LULC changes according to policy planning alternatives, producing scenarios by 2050 for the TGRA watershed. The GIS-based ES model (InVEST model) was developed as a tool to inform the decision-making process with the intention of aligning conservation measures with economic development. We examine policy effectiveness by comparing three scenarios for 2050: scenario-1 maintains the current policy, with no considerations of ES; scenario-2 integrates ES into policy planning; and scenario-3 integrates ES into policy planning considering the needs of local people. Our scenario-based LULC change analysis showed that the land with large increases in water flow regulation (i.e., values <=-3000 x 10(3) m(3) km(-2)) were scattered over the entire study area, while phosphorus reduction (i.e., values <= -30 kg km(-2)) were located mainly along rivers in all scenarios. Scenario-2 and scenario-3 are based on policies aiming at enhancing ES provisioning; for these, the projected ecological risks of water pollution are significantly reduced (39.97% and 37.58%, respectively). Total net changes of the investigated ES under scenario-2 or scenario-3 were almost double that occurring under scenario-1. Although scenario-2 and scenario-3 showed a near-equal total net change, water purification under scenario-2 was the greatest relative to forest expansion. However, scenario-3 offered the best future environmental development scenario, as it accounted for the demand and supply characteristics of water yield and purification in different regions. The water purification service made the greatest contribution to positive and negative effects (26%-47% and -7%, respectively) on ES provisioning. Linking water purification service to policy planning would effectively improve the overall ES. These scenario forecasting results will help the Three Gorges Dam to gain more ecological benefits via improvements to water flow regulation and the effective alleviation of degraded water quality in heavily populated regions in the Yangtze basin. SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 DI 10.1007/s11356-019-07178-4 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504587800008 PM 31883073 ER PT J AU Gomez-Pineda, E Saenz-Romero, C Ortega-Rodriguez, JM Blanco-Garcia, A Madrigal-Sanchez, X Lindig-Cisneros, R Lopez-Toledo, L Pedraza-Santos, ME Rehfeldt, GE AF Gomez-Pineda, Erika Saenz-Romero, Cuauhtemoc Manuel Ortega-Rodriguez, Juan Blanco-Garcia, Arnulfo Madrigal-Sanchez, Xavier Lindig-Cisneros, Roberto Lopez-Toledo, Leonel Elena Pedraza-Santos, Martha Rehfeldt, Gerald E. TI Suitable climatic habitat changes for Mexican conifers along altitudinal gradients under climatic change scenarios SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB The high biodiversity of the Mexican montane forests is concentrated on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, where several Protected Natural Areas exist. Our study examines the projected changes in suitable climatic habitat for five conifer species that dominate these forests. The species are distributed sequentially in overlapping altitudinal bands: Pinus hartwegii at the upper timberline, followed by Abies religiosa, the overwintering host of the Monarch butterfly at the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, P. pseudostrobus, the most important in economic terms, and P. devoniana and P. oocarpa, which are important for resin production and occupy low altitudes where montane conifers merge with tropical dry forests. We fit a bioclimatic model to presence-absence observations for each species using the Random Forests classification tree with ground plot data. The models are driven by normal climatic variables from 1961 to 1990, which represents the reference period for climate-induced vegetation changes. Climate data from an ensemble of 17 general circulation models were run through the classification tree to project current distributions under climates described by the RCP 6.0 watts/m(2) scenario for the decades centered on years 2030, 2060 and 2090. The results suggest that, by 2060, the climate niche of each species will occur at elevations that are between 300 to 500 m higher than at present. By 2060, habitat loss could amount to 46-77%, mostly affecting the lower limits of distribution. The two species at the highest elevation, P. hartwegii and A. religiosa, would suffer the greatest losses while, at the lower elevations, P. oocarpa would gain the most niche space. Our results suggest that conifers will require human assistance to migrate altitudinally upward in order to recouple populations with the climates to which they are adapted. Traditional in situ conservation measures are likely to be equivalent to inaction and will therefore be incapable of maintaining current forest compositions. OI Lopez-Toledo, Leonel/0000-0003-3424-5746 SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 DI 10.1002/eap.2041 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504548500001 PM 31758621 ER PT J AU Izquierdo-Tort, S AF Izquierdo-Tort, Santiago TI Payments for ecosystem services and conditional cash transfers in a policy mix: Microlevel interactions in Selva Lacandona, Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE AB Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been increasingly studied with a policy mix perspective. So far, the focus has been on PES' interplay with other conservation instruments and resulting environmental outcomes at meso- and macrolevels. Though PES often operate among "poor" forest-dwelling communities in the Global South, our knowledge on PES' interactions with poverty alleviation policies is scarce, especially at the microlevel. This article examines PES' interactions-in terms of joint coverage, management, and spending of revenues, and socioeconomic effects of participation-with a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in a case study of six communities in Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, Mexico. The article builds a dual framework combining policy mix analysis with an actor-oriented approach focused on participants' microagency, and is based on in-depth, qualitative research. Results reveal widespread joint PES and CCT coverage, and patterns of specialization between different household members regarding the management and spending of program revenues. Results also show positive, multilevel policy interactions as participants combine resources to pursue individual and collective socioeconomic strategies. The article highlights the creative ways in which local stakeholders integrate individual policies within their broader livelihoods, and how coordination failures among policy-implementing institutions and deficient public services limit participants' ability to achieve sustained livelihood improvements. The article also highlights how a focus on microlevel policy interactions complements meso- and macrolevel analyses for a better understanding of PES' role in a policy mix and concludes by providing some recommendations for building implementation synergies and improving program design. SN 1756-932X EI 1756-9338 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1002/eet.1876 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504573800001 ER PT J AU Treurnicht, M Pagel, J Tonnabel, J Esler, KJ Slingsby, JA Schurr, FM AF Treurnicht, Martina Pagel, Joern Tonnabel, Jeanne Esler, Karen J. Slingsby, Jasper A. Schurr, Frank M. TI Functional traits explain the Hutchinsonian niches of plant species SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Aim The Hutchinsonian niche is a foundational concept in ecology and evolutionary biology that describes fundamental characteristics of any species: the global maximum population growth rate (r(max)); the niche optimum (the environment for which r(max) is reached); and the niche width (the environmental range for which intrinsic population growth rates are positive). We examine whether these characteristics are related to inter- and intraspecific variation in functional traits. Location Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Time period Present day. Major taxa studied Twenty-six plant species (Proteaceae). Methods We measured leaf, plant-architectural and seed traits across species geographical ranges. We then examined how species-mean traits are related to demographically derived niche characteristics of r(max), in addition to niche optima and widths in five environmental dimensions, and how intraspecific trait variation is related to niche widths. Results Interspecific trait variation generally exceeded range-wide intraspecific trait variation. Species-mean trait values were associated with variation in r(max) (R-2 = 0.27) but were more strongly related to niche optima (mean R-2 = 0.56). These relationships generally matched trait-environment associations described in the literature. Both species-mean traits and intraspecific trait variability were strongly related to niche widths (R-2 = 0.66 and 0.59, respectively). Moreover, niche widths increased with intraspecific trait variability. Overall, the different niche characteristics were associated with few, largely non-overlapping sets of traits. Main conclusions Our study relating functional traits to Hutchinsonian niches demonstrates that key demographic properties of species relate to few traits with relatively strong effects. Our results further support the hypothesis that intraspecific trait variation increases species niche widths. Given that niche characteristics were related to distinct sets of traits, different aspects of environmental change might affect axes of trait variation independently. Trait-based studies of Hutchinsonian niches thus yield important insights into the mechanisms shaping functional biodiversity, which should reinforce the role of traits in functional biogeography. RI Esler, Karen/A-1640-2008 OI Esler, Karen/0000-0001-6510-727X; Slingsby, Jasper/0000-0003-1246-1181; Tonnabel, Jeanne/0000-0003-3461-6965; Pagel, Jorn/0000-0002-4817-1920 SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 DI 10.1111/geb.13048 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504520900001 ER PT J AU Nakamura, F Ishiyama, N Yamanaka, S Higa, M Akasaka, T Kobayashi, Y Ono, S Fuke, N Kitazawa, M Morimoto, J Shoji, Y AF Nakamura, Futoshi Ishiyama, Nobuo Yamanaka, Satoshi Higa, Motoki Akasaka, Takumi Kobayashi, Yoshiko Ono, Satoru Fuke, Nao Kitazawa, Munehiro Morimoto, Junko Shoji, Yasushi TI Adaptation to climate change and conservation of biodiversity using green infrastructure SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS AB In recent years, we have experienced mega-flood disasters in Japan due to climate change. In the last century, we have been building disaster prevention infrastructure (artificial levees and dams, referred to as "grey infrastructure") to protect human lives and assets from floods, but these hard protective measures will not function against mega-floods. Moreover, in a drastically depopulating society such as that in Japan, farmland abandonment prevails, and it will be more difficult to maintain grey infrastructure with a limited tax income. In this study, we propose the introduction of green infrastructure (GI) as an adaptation strategy for climate change. If we can use abandoned farmlands as GI, they may function to reduce disaster risks and provide habitats for various organisms that are adapted to wetland environments. First, we present a conceptual framework for disaster prevention using a hybrid of GI and conventional grey infrastructure. In this combination, the fundamental GI, composed of forests and wetlands in the catchment (GI-1) and additional multilevel GIs such as flood control basins that function when floodwater exceeds the planning level (GI-2) are introduced. We evaluated the flood attenuation function (GI-1) of the Kushiro Wetland using a hydrological model and developed a methodology for selecting suitable locations of GI-2, considering flood risk, biodiversity and the distribution of abandoned farmlands, which represent social and economic costs. The results indicated that the Kushiro Wetland acts as a large natural reservoir that attenuates the hydrological peak discharge during floods and suitable locations for introducing GI-2 are concentrated in floodplain areas developing in the downstream reaches of large rivers. Finally, we discussed the network structure of GI-1 as a hub and GI-2 as a dispersal site for conservation of the Red-crowned Crane, one of the symbolic species of Japan. SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 DI 10.1002/rra.3576 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504569400001 ER PT J AU Sabino-Santos, G Ferreira, FF da Silva, DJF Machado, DM da Silva, SG Sao Bernardo, CS dos Santos, M Levi, T Figueiredo, LTM Peres, CA Bronzoni, RVD Canale, GR AF Sabino-Santos Jr, Gilberto Ferreira, Francimeire Fernandes Ferreira da Silva, David Jose Machado, Danilo Melo da Silva, Sergio Gomes Sao Bernardo, Christine Steiner dos Santos Filho, Manoel Levi, Taal Moraes Figueiredo, Luiz Tadeu Peres, Carlos A. de Morais Bronzoni, Roberta Vieira Canale, Gustavo Rodrigues TI Hantavirus antibodies among phyllostomid bats from the arc of deforestation in Southern Amazonia, Brazil SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES AB In order to determine whether southern Amazonian bats could harbour hantaviruses we, serologically and molecularly, screened blood, saliva, excreta and organ tissues of 47 bats captured from September to December 2015. We found that only phyllostomid bats presented antibodies against hantavirus. The seropositive bats belonged to two species of Phyllostomid bats: the greater spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus hastatus (omnivorous) and the gnome fruit-eating bat Dermanura gnoma. The overall seroprevalence was of 4.2%. Therefore, we show here that hantaviruses are circulating among phyllostomid bats in the Amazonian arc of deforestation. SN 1865-1674 EI 1865-1682 DI 10.1111/tbed.13442 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504453800001 PM 31793244 ER PT J AU Fox, AD Jorgensen, HE Jeppesen, E Lauridsen, TL Sondergaard, M Fugl, K Myssen, P Balsby, TJS Clausen, P AF Fox, Anthony D. Jorgensen, Hans E. Jeppesen, Erik Lauridsen, Torben L. Sondergaard, Martin Fugl, Karsten Myssen, Palle Balsby, Thorsten J. S. Clausen, Preben TI Relationships between breeding waterbird abundance, diversity, and clear water status after the restoration of two shallow nutrient-rich Danish lakes SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AB Breeding waterbird communities have suffered globally from the effects of anthropogenic changes in water quality (especially nutrient enrichment) in recent decades, but few studies have demonstrated the positive effects of restorative actions. Annual breeding waterbird surveys in the period 1977-2005 at two restored southern Danish lake basins (combining nutrient load reduction and biomanipulation) showed an up to five-fold increase in abundance, and considerable changes in species richness and diversity, following restoration to clear water status in both lakes. Parallel surveys at a third lake, which retained clear water quality throughout, offering a form of natural 'control', showed no such changes over the same time period. Consistent relationships between breeding waterbird abundance, species richness, and diversity with measures of water clarity (Secchi disc depth, chlorophyll a, and suspended matter) suggest that water clarity mainly drives the relationship; inverse relationships between these measures and total nitrogen and phosphorus were less consistent than for water clarity. The results suggest that an improvement in water clarity plays a key role in restoring breeding waterbird communities and suggest that breeding waterbirds can be indicators of the success of lake restoration projects, but more studies are needed to confirm their wider utility under a variety of conditions. RI Clausen, Preben/J-5276-2013 OI Clausen, Preben/0000-0001-8986-294X; Sondergaard, Martin/0000-0002-1514-0482; Lauridsen, Torben/0000-0003-0139-2395; Balsby, Thorsten J. S./0000-0001-6855-4040 SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 DI 10.1002/aqc.3260 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504535200001 ER PT J AU Lehtila, K Vinter, T Dinnetz, P AF Lehtila, Kari Vinter, Tiina Dinnetz, Patrik TI Plant response to habitat amount and configuration in Swedish forests SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS AB Aim There is an intense debate about whether habitat fragmentation has a negative or positive effect on biodiversity. We examined whether species richness and incidence of forest plants were negatively or positively associated with fragmented forest configuration. We also analysed whether the results support the fragmentation threshold hypothesis with fragmentation effects only in landscapes with small habitat amount. Location Sodermanland province, south-eastern Sweden (8,388 km(2)). Methods Data consisted of plant distribution maps and landscape data on forest amount and configuration in 2.5 km x 2.5 km quadrats. We carried out models including forest area together with clumpiness index (CL models) or edge density (ED models) as the measure of habitat configuration. We focused on plant taxa with positive association between incidence and forest area (163 taxa in CL models; 119 taxa in ED models). Results Responses to fragmented configuration were negative more often than by random (33 and 22 taxa in CL and ED models, respectively; includes only models without significant forest area x configuration interaction), whereas positive responses were rare (four taxa in both models). When forest area x configuration interaction was significant, the most common response had a negative effect of fragmented configuration when forest area was low and no effect of configuration when forest area was high, which agrees with the fragmentation threshold hypothesis. Species richness also had this type of response. In another common interactive response, the effect of fragmented configuration was negative at low forest area and positive at high forest area. Main conclusions Responses to fragmented forest configuration, when significant, were usually negative. When responses to fragmented configuration were modulated by forest area, they were negative when forest area was low. The findings of complex interaction between forest area and configuration have implications for selection of appropriate patch sizes in sustainable forest management. OI Lehtila, Kari/0000-0002-0260-3978 SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 DI 10.1111/ddi.13019 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504539600001 ER PT J AU Buotte, PC Law, BE Ripple, WJ Berner, LT AF Buotte, Polly C. Law, Beverly E. Ripple, William J. Berner, Logan T. TI Carbon sequestration and biodiversity co-benefits of preserving forests in the western United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Forest carbon sequestration via forest preservation can be a viable climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we identify forests in the western conterminous United States with high potential carbon sequestration and low vulnerability to future drought and fire, as simulated using the Community Land Model and two high carbon emission scenario (RCP 8.5) climate models. High-productivity, low-vulnerability forests have the potential to sequester up to 5,450 Tg CO2 equivalent (1,485 Tg C) by 2099, which is up to 20% of the global mitigation potential previously identified for all temperate and boreal forests, or up to similar to 6 yr of current regional fossil fuel emissions. Additionally, these forests currently have high above- and belowground carbon density, high tree species richness, and a high proportion of critical habitat for endangered vertebrate species, indicating a strong potential to support biodiversity into the future and promote ecosystem resilience to climate change. We stress that some forest lands have low carbon sequestration potential but high biodiversity, underscoring the need to consider multiple criteria when designing a land preservation portfolio. Our work demonstrates how process models and ecological criteria can be used to prioritize landscape preservation for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and preserving biodiversity in a rapidly changing climate. RI ; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010 OI Berner, Logan/0000-0001-8947-0479; Buotte, Polly/0000-0002-6572-2878; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 AR e02039 DI 10.1002/eap.2039 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504548300001 PM 31802566 ER PT J AU Maggi, E Bongiorni, L Fontanini, D Capocchi, A Dal Bello, M Giacomelli, A Benedetti-Cecchi, L AF Maggi, Elena Bongiorni, Lucia Fontanini, Debora Capocchi, Antonella Dal Bello, Martina Giacomelli, Andrea Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro TI Artificial light at night erases positive interactions across trophic levels SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY AB Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most recently recognized sources of anthropogenic disturbance, with potentially severe effects on biological systems that are still to be fully explored. Among marine ecosystems, high-shore habitats are those more likely to be impacted by ALAN, due to a more intense exposition to outdoor nocturnal lightings (mostly from lamps along coastal streets and promenades, or within harbours, ports and marinas). By performing in situ nocturnal manipulations of a direct source of white LED light and presence of herbivores in a Mediterranean high-shore habitat, we assessed the interactive effects of light pollution and grazing on two key functional components of the epilithic microbial community (the cyanobacteria, as the main photoautotrophic component, and the other bacteria, mainly dominated by heterotrophs) developing on rocky shores. Results showed an unexpected increase in the diversity of epilithic bacterial biofilm at unlit sites in the presence of grazers, that was more evident on the other (mainly heterotrophic) bacterial component, when giving weight to more abundant families. This effect was likely related to the mechanical removal of dead cells through the grazing activity of consumers. ALAN significantly modified this scenario, by reducing the density of grazers and thus erasing their effects on bacteria, and by increasing the diversity of more abundant cyanobacterial families. Overall, direct and indirect effects on ALAN resulted in a significant increase in the diversity of the photoautotrophic component and a decrease in the heterotrophic one, likely affecting key ecosystem functions acting on rocky shore habitats. ALAN may represent a threat for natural systems through the annihilation of positive interactions across trophic levels, potentially impairing the relationship between biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems and interacting with other global and local stressors currently impinging on coastal areas. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.13485 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504539200001 ER PT J AU Fetterman, JA Green, CC AF Fetterman, Jacob A. Green, Christopher C. TI Morphological and gonadal assessments from historical collections of Bluenose Shiners Pteronotropis welaka SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY AB Management and conservation have begun to rely on supplemental information to make appropriate decisions. In organisms with little available information, preserved specimens may be particularly important for researchers to continue their role in the management process. Bluenose Shiners are a minnow species that can benefit from such analyses as they are of conservation concern across their native range in the Southeastern United States. To supplement conservation, the objectives were to: (a) quantify sexual dimorphism through a comprehensive morphological analysis, (b) approximate peak spawning condition of males and females through GSI measurements over the anticipated spawning season, and (c) utilize female gonad histology to refine conclusions regarding spawning condition from GSI. Historical collections of Bluenose Shiners obtained from the Tulane University Biodiversity Research Institute were used to conduct morphological and gonadal analyses. While males expressed all morphometrics to a greater degree, male dorsal and anal fin length appears to be the most distinguished characteristic beginning at a total length of approximately 45 mm. GSI displayed peaks in the samples from April 21, 1957 and June 1, 1968; female GSI from Black Creek, MS in April, May, and June of 1986 suggested a peak in late May. Gonad histology showed a progression towards final oocyte maturation through May to early June, via relative prevalence of stage IV and absence of stage I oocytes. This information can be used to supplement future morphometric analyses and reproductive studies performed on Bluenose Shiners or other fish species. SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 36 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1111/jai.13991 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504575000001 ER PT J AU Guo, JJ Ling, N Chen, ZJ Xue, C Li, L Liu, LS Gao, LM Wang, M Ruan, JY Guo, SW Vandenkoornhuyse, P Shen, QR AF Guo, Junjie Ling, Ning Chen, Zhaojie Xue, Chao Li, Ling Liu, Lisheng Gao, Limin Wang, Min Ruan, Jianyun Guo, Shiwei Vandenkoornhuyse, Philippe Shen, Qirong TI Soil fungal assemblage complexity is dependent on soil fertility and dominated by deterministic processes SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST AB In the processes controlling ecosystem fertility, fungi are increasingly acknowledged as key drivers. However, our understanding of the rules behind fungal community assembly regarding the effect of soil fertility level remains limited. Using soil samples from typical tea plantations spanning c. 2167 km north-east to south-west across China, we investigated the assemblage complexity and assembly processes of 140 fungal communities along a soil fertility gradient. The community dissimilarities of total fungi and fungal functional guilds increased with increasing soil fertility index dissimilarity. The symbiotrophs were more sensitive to variations in soil fertility compared with pathotrophs and saprotrophs. Fungal networks were larger and showed higher connectivity as well as greater potential for inter-module connection in more fertile soils. Environmental factors had a slightly greater influence on fungal community composition than spatial factors. Species abundance fitted the Zipf-Mandelbrot distribution (niche-based mechanisms), which provided evidence for deterministic-based processes. Overall, the soil fungal communities in tea plantations responded in a deterministic manner to soil fertility, with high fertility correlated with complex fungal community assemblages. This study provides new insights that might contribute to predictions of fungal community complexity. RI Shen, Qirong/AAB-6531-2020 SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 DI 10.1111/nph.16345 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504536700001 PM 31778576 ER PT J AU Oteros-Rozas, E Ruiz-Almeida, A Aguado, M Gonzalez, JA Rivera-Ferre, MG AF Oteros-Rozas, Elisa Ruiz-Almeida, Adriana Aguado, Mateo Gonzalez, Jose A. Rivera-Ferre, Marta G. TI A social-ecological analysis of the global agrifood system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Eradicating world hunger-the aim of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2)-requires a social-ecological approach to agrifood systems. However, previous work has mostly focused on one or the other. Here, we apply such a holistic approach to depicting the global food panorama through a quantitative multivariate assessment of 43 indicators of food sovereignty and 28 indicators of sociodemographics, social being, and environmental sustainability in 150 countries. The results identify 5 world regions and indicate the existence of an agrifood debt (i.e., disequilibria between regions in the natural resources consumed, the environmental impacts produced, and the social wellbeing attained by populations that play different roles within the globalized agrifood system). Three spotlights underpin this debt: 1) a severe contrast in diets and food security between regions, 2) a concern about the role that international agrifood trade is playing in regional food security, and 3) a mismatch between regional biocapacity and food security. Our results contribute to broadening the debate beyond food security from a social-ecological perspective, incorporating environmental and social dimensions. RI Gonzalez Novoa, Jose Antonio/K-1321-2014; Oteros-Rozas, Elisa/L-8633-2014; Rivera-Ferre, Marta Guadalupe/G-3879-2016; AGUADO CASO, MATEO/N-5695-2016 OI Gonzalez Novoa, Jose Antonio/0000-0001-5917-9314; Oteros-Rozas, Elisa/0000-0003-4313-3041; Rivera-Ferre, Marta Guadalupe/0000-0001-8183-8398; AGUADO CASO, MATEO/0000-0002-0510-4912 SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 26 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 52 BP 26465 EP 26473 DI 10.1073/pnas.1912710116 UT WOS:000504656900050 PM 31843882 ER PT J AU Cinner, JE Lau, JD Bauman, AG Feary, DA Januchowski-Hartley, FA Rojas, CA Barnes, ML Bergseth, BJ Shum, E Lahari, R Ben, J Graham, NAJ AF Cinner, J. E. Lau, J. D. Bauman, A. G. Feary, D. A. Januchowski-Hartley, F. A. Rojas, C. A. Barnes, M. L. Bergseth, B. J. Shum, E. Lahari, R. Ben, J. Graham, N. A. J. TI Sixteen years of social and ecological dynamics reveal challenges and opportunities for adaptive management in sustaining the commons SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Efforts to confront the challenges of environmental change and uncertainty include attempts to adaptively manage social-ecological systems. However, critical questions remain about whether adaptive management can lead to sustainable outcomes for both ecosystems and society. Here, we make a contribution to these efforts by presenting a 16-y analysis of ecological outcomes and perceived livelihood impacts from adaptive coral reef management in Papua New Guinea. The adaptive management system we studied was a customary rotational fisheries closure system (akin to fallow agriculture), which helped to increase the biomass of reef fish and make fish less wary (more catchable) relative to openly fished areas. However, over time the amount of fish in openly fished reefs slowly declined. We found that, overall, resource users tended to have positive perceptions about this system, but there were negative perceptions when fishing was being prohibited. We also highlight some of the key traits of this adaptive management system, including 1) strong social cohesion, whereby leaders played a critical role in knowledge exchange; 2) high levels of compliance, which was facilitated via a "carrot-and-stick" approach that publicly rewarded good behavior and punished deviant behavior; and 3) high levels of participation by community actors. RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014 OI Graham, Nicholas/0000-0002-0304-7467; Bergseth, Brock/0000-0002-5486-175X; Barnes, Michele/0000-0002-1151-4037; Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser/0000-0003-2468-8199 SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 26 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 52 BP 26474 EP 26483 DI 10.1073/pnas.1914812116 UT WOS:000504656900051 PM 31843883 ER PT J AU Burger, JR Hou, C Brown, JH AF Burger, Joseph Robert Hou, Chen Brown, James H. TI Toward a metabolic theory of life history SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB The life histories of animals reflect the allocation of metabolic energy to traits that determine fitness and the pace of living. Here, we extend metabolic theories to address how demography and mass-energy balance constrain allocation of biomass to survival, growth, and reproduction over a life cycle of one generation. We first present data for diverse kinds of animals showing empirical patterns of variation in life-history traits. These patterns are predicted by theory that highlights the effects of 2 fundamental biophysical constraints: demography on number and mortality of offspring; and mass-energy balance on allocation of energy to growth and reproduction. These constraints impose 2 fundamental trade-offs on allocation of assimilated biomass energy to production: between number and size of offspring, and between parental investment and offspring growth. Evolution has generated enormous diversity of body sizes, morphologies, physiologies, ecologies, and life histories across the millions of animal, plant, and microbe species, yet simple rules specified by general equations highlight the underlying unity of life. SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 26 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 52 BP 26653 EP 26661 DI 10.1073/pnas.1907702116 UT WOS:000504656900072 PM 31822607 ER PT J AU Xu, WB Svenning, JC Chen, GK Zhang, MG Huang, JH Chen, B Ordonez, A Ma, KP AF Xu, Wu-Bing Svenning, Jens-Christian Chen, Guo-Ke Zhang, Ming-Gang Huang, Ji-Hong Chen, Bin Ordonez, Alejandro Ma, Ke-Ping TI Human activities have opposing effects on distributions of narrow-ranged and widespread plant species in China SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Human activities have shaped large-scale distributions of many species, driving both range contractions and expansions. Species differ naturally in range size, with small-range species concentrated in particular geographic areas and potentially deviating ecologically from widespread species. Hence, species' responses to human activities may be influenced by their geographic range sizes, but if and how this happens are poorly understood. Here, we use a comprehensive distribution database and species distribution modeling to examine if and how human activities have affected the extent to which 9,701 vascular plants fill their climatic potential ranges in China. We find that narrow-ranged species have lower range filling and widespread species have higher range filling in the human-dominated southeastern part of China, compared with their counterparts distributed in the less human-influenced northwestern part. Variations in range filling across species and space are strongly associated with indicators of human activities (human population density, human footprint, and proportion of cropland) even after controlling for alternative drivers. Importantly, narrow-ranged and widespread species show negative and positive range-filling relationships to these human indicators, respectively. Our results illustrate that floras risk biotic homogenization as a consequence of anthropogenic activities, with narrow-ranged species becoming replaced by widespread species. Because narrow-ranged species are more numerous than widespread species in nature, negative impacts of human activities will be prevalent. Our findings highlight the importance of establishing more protected areas and zones of reduced human activities to safeguard the rich flora of China. RI Ordonez, Alejandro/I-7950-2013; Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012 OI Ordonez, Alejandro/0000-0003-2873-4551; Xu, Wubing/0000-0002-6566-4452; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Ma, Keping/0000-0001-9112-5340 SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 26 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 52 BP 26674 EP 26681 DI 10.1073/pnas.1911851116 UT WOS:000504656900075 PM 31843905 ER PT J AU Albassatneh, MC Escudero, M Ponger, L Monnet, AC Arroyo, J Nikolic, T Bacchetta, G Bagnoli, F Dimopoulos, P Leriche, A Medail, F Roig, A Spanu, I Vendramin, GG Hampe, A Fady, B AF Albassatneh, Marwan Cheikh Escudero, Marcia Ponger, Loic Monnet, Anne-Christine Arroyo, Juan Nikolic, Toni Bacchetta, Gianluigi Bagnoli, Francesca Dimopoulos, Panayotis Leriche, Agathe Medail, Frederic Roig, Anne Spanu, Ilaria Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe Hampe, Arndt Fady, Bruno TI A comprehensive, genus-level time-calibrated phylogeny of the tree flora of Mediterranean Europe and an assessment of its vulnerability SO BOTANY LETTERS AB We produced the first time-calibrated phylogeny of all 64 native tree genera occurring on the European side of the Mediterranean Basin. This phylogeny is based on 3 plastid DNA sequences (rbcL matK and trnH-psbA), 4 recognized fossil dates and 10 secondary calibrations. Based on the inferred topology, we then tested whether the investigated tree flora exhibits phylogenetic clustering in both life-history traits known to influence reproduction and species' vulnerability to extinction. Our topology and the estimated dates mostly conform to published partial phylogenies and are highly congruent with the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification except for some minor incongruences including the still debated phylogenetic position of Magnoliids. The four strictly endemic genera of the Mediterranean Basin (Chamaerops, Phillyrea, Spartium and Tetraclinis) all showed emergence dates (11-72 Ma) long before the onset of the Mediterranean climate. We did not find any imprints of phylogenetic sorting processes on the life-history traits we studied, except for the mode of seed dispersal, which showed a clustered distribution across our topology. The presence of species at risk of potential extinction within a given genus was randomly distributed along the phylogenetic tree. Species with deficient data were significantly nested within a few of the most recently evolved angiosperm genera. Our analysis closes knowledge gaps and provides a valuable basis for studying the biogeographical and ecological processes that have generated the Mediterranean tree flora. It can also inform conservation planning strategies that aim at broadening traditional taxonomy-focused perspectives with components of evolutionary history and phylogenetic singularity. RI Bacchetta, Gianluigi/AAD-5329-2020 OI BACCHETTA, GIANLUIGI/0000-0002-1714-3978 SN 2381-8107 EI 2381-8115 DI 10.1080/23818107.2019.1684360 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504673100001 ER PT J AU Ward, M Rhodes, JR Watson, JEM Lefevre, J Atkinson, S Possingham, HP AF Ward, Michelle Rhodes, Jonathan R. Watson, James E. M. Lefevre, James Atkinson, Scott Possingham, Hugh P. TI Use of surrogate species to cost-effectively prioritize conservation actions SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Conservation efforts often focus on umbrella species whose distributions overlap with many other flora and fauna. However, because biodiversity is affected by different threats that are spatially variable, focusing only on the geographic range overlap of species may not be sufficient in allocating the necessary actions needed to efficiently abate threats. We developed a problem-based method for prioritizing conservation actions for umbrella species that maximizes the total number of flora and fauna benefiting from management while considering threats, actions, and costs. We tested our new method by assessing the performance of the Australian federal government's umbrella prioritization list, which identifies 73 umbrella species as priorities for conservation attention. Our results show that the federal government priority list benefits only 6% of all Australia's threatened terrestrial species. This could be increased to benefit nearly half (or 46%) of all threatened terrestrial species for the same budget of AU$550 million/year if more suitable umbrella species were chosen. This results in a 7-fold increase in management efficiency. We believe nations around the world can markedly improve the selection of prioritized umbrella species for conservation action with this transparent, quantitative, and objective prioritization approach. RI ; Rhodes, Jonathan/C-4841-2008 OI Ward, Michelle/0000-0002-0658-855X; Rhodes, Jonathan/0000-0001-6746-7412 SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13430 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504379000001 PM 31691376 ER PT J AU Harvey, E Gounand, I Fronhofer, EA Altermatt, F AF Harvey, Eric Gounand, Isabelle Fronhofer, Emanuel A. Altermatt, Florian TI Metaecosystem dynamics drive community composition in experimental, multi-layered spatial networks SO OIKOS AB Cross-ecosystem subsidies are studied with a focus on resource exchange at local ecosystem boundaries. This perspective ignores regional dynamics that can emerge via constraints imposed by the landscape, potentially leading to spatially-dependent effects of subsidies and spatial feedbacks. Using miniaturized landscape analogues of river dendritic and terrestrial lattice spatial networks, we manipulated and studied resource exchange between the two whole networks. We found community composition in dendritic networks depended on the resource pulse from the lattice network, with the strength of this effect declining in larger downstream patches. In turn, this spatially-dependent effect imposed constraints on the lattice network with populations in that network reaching higher densities when connected to more central patches in the dendritic network. Consequently, localized cross-ecosystem fluxes, and their respective effects on recipient ecosystems, must be studied in a perspective taking into account the explicit spatial configuration of the landscape. OI Harvey, Eric/0000-0002-8601-7326; Altermatt, Florian/0000-0002-4831-6958 SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 DI 10.1111/oik.07037 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504914500001 ER PT J AU Masucci, GD Acierno, A Reimer, JD AF Masucci, Giovanni Diego Acierno, Alessandro Reimer, James Davis TI Eroding diversity away: Impacts of a tetrapod breakwater on a subtropical coral reef SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AB Artificial barriers for coastal protection have been deployed across numerous tropical and subtropical islands in the Pacific, including Okinawa Island, southern Japan, where artificial defences have been installed along a large part of the coastline. Although artificial barriers can lead to beach narrowing or loss and can exacerbate erosion, their effects on coral reef ecosystems remain understudied. This study investigated the impact of a tetrapod breakwater in Ogimi Village, Okinawa Island, Japan, comparing the area affected by the presence of the barrier with a nearby natural coastline, and examining differences in physical parameters (depth profiles, sediment granulometry, and erosion on plaster balls) and benthic community composition. Significant differences in depth profiles, sediment granulometry, and erosion were found, suggestive of alterations in water energy levels (lower than controls on the landward side of the barrier, and higher on the seaward side). The benthic community was also clearly affected, with almost no living corals growing over the blocks or in their proximity. Overall, the data show how breakwaters can affect the physical environment and benthic communities in a subtropical coral reef ecosystem, with negative consequences for coral survival. OI Masucci, Giovanni Diego/0000-0002-8942-1711 SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 DI 10.1002/aqc.3249 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504368000001 ER PT J AU Crook, DA Buckle, DJ Morrongiello, JR Allsop, QA Baldwin, W Saunders, TM Douglas, MM AF Crook, David A. Buckle, Duncan J. Morrongiello, John R. Allsop, Quentin A. Baldwin, Wayne Saunders, Thor M. Douglas, Michael M. TI Tracking the resource pulse: Movement responses of fish to dynamic floodplain habitat in a tropical river SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY AB Natural river floodplains are among the Earth's most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems but face a range of critical threats due to human disturbance. Understanding the ecological processes that support biodiversity and productivity in floodplain rivers is essential for their future protection and rehabilitation. Fish assemblage structure on tropical river floodplains is widely considered to be driven by dispersal limitation during the wet season and by environmental filtering and interspecific interactions during the dry season. However, the individual-level movement behaviours (e.g. site attachment, nomadism, homing) that regulate dispersal of fish on floodplains are poorly understood. We combined radiotelemetry and remote sensing to examine the movement behaviour of two large-bodied fishes (barramundi Lates calcarifer, forktail catfish Neoarius leptaspis) over the flood cycle in a tropical river-floodplain system in northern Australia to: (a) quantify movement responses in relation to dynamic habitat resources at a landscape scale; and (b) determine the extent of spatial 'reshuffling' of individual fish following the wet season. Both species altered their behaviour rapidly in response to changes in the availability and distribution of aquatic habitat, with most individuals undertaking extensive movements (up to similar to 27 km from the tagging location) on the inundated floodplain during the wet season. Although there was considerable individual variation in movement patterns, overall barramundi distributions closely tracked the extent of floodplain primary productivity, whereas catfish distributions were most closely associated with the extent of flooded area. Most individuals of both species exhibited homing back to previously occupied dry season refugia during the wet-to-dry transition, even though other potential refugia were available in closer proximity to wet season activity areas. We postulate that homing behaviour modulates temporal variation in fish assemblage composition and abundance and limits the transfer of aquatic-derived energy and nutrients into terrestrial food webs by reducing fish mortality on drying floodplains. Our study demonstrates the importance of quantifying individual-level behaviour across the three stages of dispersal (emigration, inter-patch movement, immigration) for our understanding of how animal movement influences energetic subsidies and other large-scale ecosystem processes. RI Morrongiello, John/E-8716-2011 OI Morrongiello, John/0000-0002-9608-4151 SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.13146 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504351200001 PM 31750933 ER PT J AU Marques-Souza, S Pellegrino, KCM Brunes, TO Carnaval, AC Damasceno, RP Borges, MLD Gallardo, CC Rodrigues, MT AF Marques-Souza, Sergio Machado Pellegrino, Katia C. Brunes, Tuliana Oliveira Carnaval, Ana Carolina Damasceno, Roberta Pacheco de Oliveira Borges, Manoela Lima Gallardo, Carlos Candia Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut TI Hidden in the DNA: How multiple historical processes and natural history traits shaped patterns of cryptic diversity in an Amazon leaf-litter lizard Loxopholis osvaldoi (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Aim To investigate the cryptic diversity and diversification timing in the putatively low-dispersal Amazonian leaf-litter lizard Loxopholis osvaldoi, and to ask how geography (rivers, isolation by distance, IBD), ecological drivers (isolation by environment, IBE) and historical factors (climatic refugia) explain intraspecific genetic variation. Location Central Amazonia, Brazil. Taxon Squamata; Gymnophthalmidae; Loxopholis osvaldoi. Methods We sequenced two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers in 157 individuals. Phylogeographic structure and the occurrence of independent evolving lineages where explored through phylogenetic and coalescent analyses. A species tree and divergence dates of lineages were inferred with *BEAST, employing multiple DNA substitution rates. The potential genetic impacts of geographical distance among localities, the environment and the position of localities in relation to main rivers were tested by redundancy analysis (RDA). Results We detected 11 independently evolving and largely divergent intraspecific lineages. Lineage distribution patterns are complex and do not match any conspicuous barrier to gene flow, except for the Amazon River. Most lineages appear to have originated in the lower Miocene and Pliocene, in disagreement with the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis. IBD, IBE and rivers appear to have acted in concert establishing and maintaining genetic structure. However, when controlling for other explanatory variables, IBD explains significantly more variation than rivers, IBE or historical factors. Main Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that L. osvaldoi is a species complex. Future taxonomic work should use an integrative approach to explore whether morphological variation is present and congruent with the genetic data. While the use of a sensitive dating analysis allowed us to better describe the diversification history of L. osvaldoi, the lack of a spatial model of Neogene river dynamics prevents the test of specific, more informative river barrier hypotheses. The data suggest that nonlinear correlation analyses (e.g. RDA) should be preferred to detect factors that affect phylogeographic patterns in the Amazon, instead of linear multiple regressions (e.g. Mantel tests). Given the high level of cryptic diversity detected within this and other Amazonian species, we caution against hypothesis tests based solely on the distribution of nominal taxa, which can provide a rather incomplete view of the processes behind Amazonian diversity. RI Oliveira Brunes, Tuliana/L-7916-2013 OI Oliveira Brunes, Tuliana/0000-0002-3665-030X SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 DI 10.1111/jbi.13748 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504319700001 ER PT J AU Onofri, L Volpe, M AF Onofri, Laura Volpe, Mario TI Pricing agricultural inputs from biodiversity-rich ecosystems and habitats without input markets SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the analysis of an understudied problem in the economic literature. It proposes a valuation methodology for inputs that come from biodiversity-rich ecosystems/habitats and are used in agro-food production at zero input cost because there is not a market for such inputs. Design/methodology/approach Following Onofri et al. (2017), the authors computed the value of the marginal productivity of different inputs in three selected case studies (Angola, Mozambique and Brazil). Results are theory based and rigorous but show a strong contingency, case based, relative dimension that is captured, in the framework, by the "relativity ratio." The ratio expresses the relative weight of the value generated by the input that comes from biodiversity-rich ecosystems/habitats in the per capita monthly available income of the farmer and aims at conveying additional insights to the economic valuation. Findings In this paper, the assessment of agricultural inputs value (price) in the absence of inputs markets is done, with an application to three different case studies. The inputs are peculiar since they come from habitats and ecosystems that are very biodiversity-rich. Originality/value The paper proposes a practical, though rigorous, methodology for the assessment of the value (price) of agricultural inputs in absence of inputs markets. Markets do not exist since the inputs come from biodiversity-rich habitats and ecosystems. SN 2040-0705 EI 2040-0713 DI 10.1108/AJEMS-10-2018-0287 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000506047000001 ER PT J AU Taylor, AT Hafen, T Holley, CT Gonzalez, A Long, JM AF Taylor, Andrew T. Hafen, Thomas Holley, Colt T. Gonzalez, Alin Long, James M. TI Spatial sampling bias and model complexity in stream-based species distribution models: A case study of Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in the Arkansas River basin, USA SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Leveraging existing presence records and geospatial datasets, species distribution modeling has been widely applied to informing species conservation and restoration efforts. Maxent is one of the most popular modeling algorithms, yet recent research has demonstrated Maxent models are vulnerable to prediction errors related to spatial sampling bias and model complexity. Despite elevated rates of biodiversity imperilment in stream ecosystems, the application of Maxent models to stream networks has lagged, as has the availability of tools to address potential sources of error and calculate model evaluation metrics when modeling in nonraster environments (such as stream networks). Herein, we use Maxent and customized R code to estimate the potential distribution of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) at a stream-segment level within the Arkansas River basin, USA, while accounting for potential spatial sampling bias and model complexity. Filtering the presence data appeared to adequately remove an eastward, large-river sampling bias that was evident within the unfiltered presence dataset. In particular, our novel riverscape filter provided a repeatable means of obtaining a relatively even coverage of presence data among watersheds and streams of varying sizes. The greatest differences in estimated distributions were observed among models constructed with default versus AIC(C)-selected parameterization. Although all models had similarly high performance and evaluation metrics, the AIC(C)-selected models were more inclusive of westward-situated and smaller, headwater streams. Overall, our results solidified the importance of accounting for model complexity and spatial sampling bias in SDMs constructed within stream networks and provided a roadmap for future paddlefish restoration efforts in the study area. OI Long, James/0000-0002-8658-9949; Holley, Colt/0000-0003-4172-4331 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 2 BP 705 EP 717 DI 10.1002/ece3.5913 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504203700001 PM 32015837 ER PT J AU Callaghan, CT Major, RE Cornwell, WK Poore, AGB Wilshire, JH Lyons, MB AF Callaghan, Corey T. Major, Richard E. Cornwell, William K. Poore, Alistair G. B. Wilshire, John H. Lyons, Mitchell B. TI A continental measure of urbanness predicts avian response to local urbanization SO ECOGRAPHY AB Understanding species-specific relationships with their environment is essential for ecology, biogeography and conservation biology. Moreover, understanding how these relationships change with spatial scale is critical to mitigating potential threats to biodiversity. But methods which measure inter-specific variation in response to environmental parameters that are also generalizable across multiple spatial scales are scarce. We used broad-scale avian citizen science data, over continental Australia, integrated with remotely-sensed products, to produce a measure of urban-tolerance for a given species at a continental-scale. We then compared these urban-tolerances to modelled responses to urbanization at a local-scale, based on systematic sampling within four small cities. For 49 species which had sufficient data for modelling, we found a significant relationship (R-2 = 0.51) between continental-scale urbanness and local-scale urbanness. We also found that relatively few citizen science observations (similar to 250) are necessary for reliable estimates of continental-scale species-specific urban scores to predict local-scale response to urbanization. Our approach demonstrates the applicability of broad-scale citizen science data, contrasting both the spatial grain and extent of standard point-count surveys generally only conducted at small spatial scales. Continental-scale responses in Australia are representative of small-scale responses to urbanization among four small cities in Australia, suggesting that our method of producing species-specific urban scores is robust and may be generalized to other locations lacking appropriate data. OI Callaghan, Corey/0000-0003-0415-2709; Poore, Alistair/0000-0002-3560-3659 SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 DI 10.1111/ecog.04863 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504913700001 ER PT J AU Schleicher, J Eklund, J Barnes, MD Geldmann, J Oldekop, JA Jones, JPG AF Schleicher, Judith Eklund, Johanna Barnes, Megan D. Geldmann, Jonas Oldekop, Johan A. Jones, Julia P. G. TI Statistical matching for conservation science SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB The awareness of the need for robust impact evaluations in conservation is growing and statistical matching techniques are increasingly being used to assess the impacts of conservation interventions. Used appropriately matching approaches are powerful tools, but they also pose potential pitfalls. We outlined important considerations and best practice when using matching in conservation science. We identified 3 steps in a matching analysis. First, develop a clear theory of change to inform selection of treatment and controls and that accounts for real-world complexities and potential spillover effects. Second, select the appropriate covariates and matching approach. Third, assess the quality of the matching by carrying out a series of checks. The second and third steps can be repeated and should be finalized before outcomes are explored. Future conservation impact evaluations could be improved by increased planning of evaluations alongside the intervention, better integration of qualitative methods, considering spillover effects at larger spatial scales, and more publication of preanalysis plans. Implementing these improvements will require more serious engagement of conservation scientists, practitioners, and funders to mainstream robust impact evaluations into conservation. We hope this article will improve the quality of evaluations and help direct future research to continue to improve the approaches on offer. RI Jones, Julia P G/A-3031-2011 OI Jones, Julia P G/0000-0002-5199-3335; Eklund, Johanna/0000-0003-1263-8151; Schleicher, Judith/0000-0001-7817-4295; Barnes, Megan/0000-0002-8300-0975; Oldekop, Johan/0000-0003-0565-812X SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13448 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504108900001 PM 31782567 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, TD Hurd, CL Gates, RD Boyd, PW AF Ainsworth, Tracy D. Hurd, Catriona L. Gates, Ruth D. Boyd, Philip W. TI How do we overcome abrupt degradation of marine ecosystems and meet the challenge of heat waves and climate extremes? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Extreme heat wave events are now causing ecosystem degradation across marine ecosystems. The consequences of this heat-induced damage range from the rapid loss of habitat-forming organisms, through to a reduction in the services that ecosystems support, and ultimately to impacts on human health and society. How we tackle the sudden emergence of ecosystem-wide degradation has not yet been addressed in the context of marine heat waves. An examination of recent marine heat waves from around Australia points to the potential important role that respite or refuge from environmental extremes can play in enabling organismal survival. However, most ecological interventions are being devised with a target of mid to late-century implementation, at which time many of the ecosystems, that the interventions are targeted towards, will have already undergone repeated and widespread heat wave induced degradation. Here, our assessment of the merits of proposed ecological interventions, across a spectrum of approaches, to counter marine environmental extremes, reveals a lack preparedness to counter the effects of extreme conditions on marine ecosystems. The ecological influence of these extremes are projected to continue to impact marine ecosystems in the coming years, long before these interventions can be developed. Our assessment reveals that approaches which are technologically ready and likely to be socially acceptable are locally deployable only, whereas those which are scalable-for example to features as large as major reef systems-are not close to being testable, and are unlikely to obtain social licence for deployment. Knowledge of the environmental timescales for survival of extremes, via respite or refuge, inferred from field observations will help test such intervention tools. The growing frequency of extreme events such as marine heat waves increases the urgency to consider mitigation and intervention tools that support organismal and ecosystem survival in the immediate future, while global climate mitigation and/or intervention are formulated. RI AINSWORTH, TRACY/L-7309-2016 OI AINSWORTH, TRACY/0000-0001-6476-9263 SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 DI 10.1111/gcb.14901 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504145800001 PM 31873988 ER PT J AU Henderson, CJ Gilby, BL Schlacher, TA Connolly, RM Sheaves, M Maxwell, PS Flint, N Borland, HP Martin, TSH Olds, AD AF Henderson, Christopher J. Gilby, Ben L. Schlacher, Thomas A. Connolly, Rod M. Sheaves, Marcus Maxwell, Paul S. Flint, Nicole Borland, Hayden P. Martin, Tyson S. H. Olds, Andrew D. TI Low redundancy and complementarity shape ecosystem functioning in a low-diversity ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY AB Ecosystem functioning is positively linked to biodiversity on land and in the sea. In high-diversity systems (e.g. coral reefs), species coexist by sharing resources and providing similar functions at different temporal or spatial scales. How species combine to deliver the ecological function they provide is pivotal for maintaining the structure, functioning and resilience of some ecosystems, but the significance of this is rarely examined in low-diversity systems such as estuaries. We tested whether an ecological function is shaped by biodiversity in a low-diversity ecosystem by measuring the consumption of carrion by estuarine scavengers. Carrion (e.g. decaying animal flesh) is opportunistically fed on by a large number of species across numerous ecosystems. Estuaries were chosen as the model system because carrion consumption is a pivotal ecological function in coastal seascapes, and estuaries are thought to support diverse scavenger assemblages, which are modified by changes in water quality and the urbanization of estuarine shorelines. We used baited underwater video arrays to record scavengers and measure the rate at which carrion was consumed by fish in 39 estuaries across 1,000 km of coastline in eastern Australia. Carrion consumption was positively correlated with the abundance of only one species, yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis, which consumed 58% of all deployed carrion. The consumption of carrion by yellowfin bream was greatest in urban estuaries with moderately hardened shorelines (20%-60%) and relatively large subtidal rock bars (>0.1 km(2)). Our findings demonstrate that an ecological function can be maintained across estuarine seascapes despite both limited redundancy (i.e. dominated by one species) and complementarity (i.e. there is no spatial context where the function is delivered significantly when yellowfin bream are not present) in the functional traits of animal assemblages. The continued functioning of estuaries, and other low-diversity ecosystems, might therefore not be tightly linked to biodiversity, and we suggest that the preservation of functionally dominant species that maintain functions in these systems could help to improve conservation outcomes for coastal seascapes. RI Schlacher, Thomas/J-4614-2016 OI Schlacher, Thomas/0000-0003-2184-9217; Olds, Andrew/0000-0002-8027-3599 SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.13148 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504105200001 PM 31758695 ER PT J AU Gao, XQ Nan, XY Liu, YL Liu, R Zang, WC Shan, GY Gai, F Zhang, JF Li, L Cheng, G Song, LL AF Gao, Xianqi Nan, Xiyan Liu, Yilan Liu, Rui Zang, Wanchun Shan, Guangyu Gai, Fei Zhang, Jingfeng Li, Lei Cheng, Gang Song, Lele TI Comprehensive profiling of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in breast and ovarian cancer in Chinese patients SO HUMAN MUTATION AB The identification and interpretation of germline BRCA1/2 variants become increasingly important in breast and ovarian cancer (OC) treatment. However, there is no comprehensive analysis of the germline BRCA1/2 variants in a Chinese population. Here we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on such variants from 94 publications. A total of 2,128 BRCA1/2 variant records were extracted, including 601 from BRCA1 and 632 from BRCA2. In addition, 414, 734, 449, and 307 variants were also recorded in the BIC, ClinVar, ENIGMA, and UMD databases, respectively, and 579 variants were newly reported. Subsequent analysis showed that the overall germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant frequency was 5.7% and 21.8% in Chinese breast and OC, respectively. Populations with high-risk factors exhibited a higher pathogenic variant percentage. Furthermore, the variant profile in Chinese is distinct from that in other ethnic groups with no distinct founder pathogenic variants. We also tested our in-house American College of Medical Genetics-guided pathogenicity interpretation procedure for Chinese BRCA1/2 variants. Our results achieved a consistency of 91.2-97.6% (5-grade classification) or 98.4-100% (2-grade classification) with public databases. In conclusion, this study represents the first comprehensive meta-analysis of Chinese BRCA1/2 variants and validates our in-house pathogenicity interpretation procedure, thereby providing guidance for further PARP inhibitor development and companion diagnostics in the Chinese population. SN 1059-7794 EI 1098-1004 DI 10.1002/humu.23965 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504104800001 PM 31825140 ER PT J AU Monroe, MJ Butchart, SHM Mooers, AO Bokma, F AF Monroe, Melanie J. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Mooers, Arne O. Bokma, Folmer TI The dynamics underlying avian extinction trajectories forecast a wave of extinctions SO BIOLOGY LETTERS AB Population decline is a process, yet estimates of current extinction rates often consider just the final step of that process by counting numbers of species lost in historical times. This neglects the increased extinction risk that affects a large proportion of species, and consequently underestimates the effective extinction rate. Here, we model observed trajectories through IUCN Red List extinction risk categories for all bird species globally over 28 years, and estimate an overall effective extinction rate of 2.17 x 10(-4)/species/year. This is six times higher than the rate of outright extinction since 1500, as a consequence of the large number of species whose status is deteriorating. We very conservatively estimate that global conservation efforts have reduced the effective extinction rate by 40%, but mostly through preventing critically endangered species from going extinct rather than by preventing species at low risk from moving into higher-risk categories. Our findings suggest that extinction risk in birds is accumulating much more than previously appreciated, but would be even greater without conservation efforts. SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X PD DEC 24 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 12 AR 20190633 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0633 UT WOS:000503237800003 PM 31847745 ER PT J AU Zhang, LY Hood, GR Ott, JR Egan, SP AF Zhang, Linyi Hood, Glen R. Ott, James R. Egan, Scott P. TI Temporal isolation between sympatric host plants cascades across multiple trophic levels of host-associated insects SO BIOLOGY LETTERS AB Phenological differences between host plants can promote temporal isolation among host-associated populations of insects with life cycles tightly coupled to plant phenology. Divergence in the timing of spring budbreak between two sympatric sister oak species has been shown to promote temporal isolation between host plants and their host-associated populations of a cynipid gall wasp. Here, we examined the generality of this mechanism by testing the hypothesis of cascading temporal isolation for five additional gall-formers and three natural enemy species associated with these same oak species. The timing of adult emergence from galls differed significantly between host-associated populations for all nine species and parallels the direction of the phenological differences between host plants. Differences in emergence timing can reduce gene flow between host-associated populations by diminishing mating opportunities and/or reducing the fitness of immigrants due to differences in the availability of ephemeral resources. Our study suggests that cascading temporal isolation could be a powerful 'biodiversity generator' across multiple trophic levels in tightly coupled plant-insect systems. SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X PD DEC 24 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 12 AR 20190572 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0572 UT WOS:000503237800001 PM 31847747 ER PT J AU Fitch, G Wilson, CJ Glaum, P Vaidya, C Simao, MC Jamieson, MA AF Fitch, Gordon Wilson, Caleb J. Glaum, Paul Vaidya, Chatura Simao, Maria-Carolina Jamieson, Mary A. TI Does urbanization favour exotic bee species? Implications for the conservation of native bees in cities SO BIOLOGY LETTERS AB A growing body of research indicates that cities can support diverse bee communities. However, urbanization may disproportionately benefit exotic bees, potentially to the detriment of native species. We examined the influence of urbanization on exotic and native bees using two datasets from Michigan, USA. We found that urbanization positively influenced exotic-but not native-bee abundance and richness, and that this association could not be explained by proximity to international ports of entry, prevalence of exotic flora or urban warming. We found a negative relationship between native and exotic bee abundance at sites with high total bee abundance, suggesting that exotic bees may negatively affect native bee populations. These effects were not driven by the numerically dominant exotic honeybee, but rather by other exotic bees. Our findings complicate the emerging paradigm of cities as key sites for pollinator conservation. OI Wilson, Caleb/0000-0002-5546-4801 SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X PD DEC 24 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 12 AR 20190574 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0574 UT WOS:000502160500003 PM 31822245 ER PT J AU Lam, WN Chou, YY Leong, FWS Tan, HTW AF Lam, Weng Ngai Chou, Ying Yi Leong, Felicia Wei Shan Tan, Hugh Tiang Wah TI Inquiline predator increases nutrient-cycling efficiency of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers SO BIOLOGY LETTERS AB The modified-leaf pitchers of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher plants are aquatic, allochthonous ecosystems that are inhabited by specialist inquilines and sustained by the input of invertebrate prey. Detritivorous inquilines are known to increase the nutrient-cycling efficiency (NCE) of pitchers but it is unclear whether predatory inquilines that prey on these detritivores decrease the NCE of pitchers by reducing detritivore populations or increase the NCE of pitchers by processing nutrients that may otherwise be locked up in detritivore biomass. Nepenthosyrphus is a small and poorly studied genus of hoverflies and the larvae of one such species is a facultatively detritivorous predator that inhabits the pitchers of N. rafflesiana. We fitted a consumer-resource model to experimental data collected from this system. Simulations showed that systems containing the predator at equilibrium almost always had higher NCEs than those containing only prey (detritivore) species. We showed using a combination of simulated predator/prey exclusions that the processing of the resource through multiple pathways and trophic levels in this system is more efficient than that accomplished through fewer pathways and trophic levels. Our results thus support the vertical diversity hypothesis, which predicts that greater diversity across trophic levels results in greater ecosystem functioning. OI Tan, Hugh Tiang Wah/0000-0002-3056-4945 SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X PD DEC 24 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 12 AR 20190691 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0691 UT WOS:000501154600004 PM 31795851 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Li, J Zhang, LM He, ZW Mei, QM Gong, X Jian, SG AF Wang, Xin-Hui Li, Jie Zhang, Li-Min He, Zi-Wen Mei, Qi-Ming Gong, Xun Jian, Shu-Guang TI Population Differentiation and Demographic History of the Cycas taiwaniana Complex (Cycadaceae) Endemic to South China as Indicated by DNA Sequences and Microsatellite Markers SO FRONTIERS IN GENETICS AB Historical geology, climatic oscillations, and seed dispersal capabilities are thought to influence the population dynamics and genetics of plants, especially for distribution-restricted and threatened species. Investigating the genetic resources within and among taxa is a prerequisite for conservation management. The Cycas taiwaniana complex consists of six endangered species that are endemic to South China. In this study, we investigated the relationship between phylogeographic history and the genetic structure of the C. taiwaniana complex. To estimate the phylogeographic history of the complex, we assessed the genetic structure and divergence time, and performed phylogenetic and demographic historical analyses. Two chloroplast DNA intergenic regions (cpDNA), two single-copy nuclear genes (SCNGs), and six microsatellite loci (SSR) were sequenced for 18 populations. The SCNG data indicated a high genetic diversity within populations, a low genetic diversity among populations, and significant genetic differentiation among populations. Significant phylogeographical structure was detected. Structure and phylogenetic analyses both revealed that the 18 populations of the C. taiwaniana complex have two main lineages, which were estimated to diverge in the Middle Pleistocene. We propose that Cycas fairylakea was incorporated into Cycas szechuanensis and that the other populations, which are mainly located on Hainan Island, merged into one lineage. Bayesian skyline plot analyses revealed that the C. taiwaniana complex experienced a recent decline, suggesting that the complex probably experienced a bottleneck event. We infer that the genetic structure of the C. taiwaniana complex has been affected by Pleistocene climate shifts, sea-level oscillations, and human activities. In addition to providing new insights into the evolutionary legacy of the genus, the genetic characterizations will be useful for the conservation of Cycas species. EI 1664-8021 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 1238 DI 10.3389/fgene.2019.01238 UT WOS:000508576700001 PM 31921292 ER PT J AU Meilhac, J Deschamps, L Maire, V Flajoulot, S Litrico, I AF Meilhac, Julien Deschamps, Lucas Maire, Vincent Flajoulot, Sandrine Litrico, Isabelle TI Both selection and plasticity drive niche differentiation in experimental grasslands SO NATURE PLANTS AB The way species avoid each other in a community by using resources differently across space and time is one of the main drivers of species coexistence in nature(1,2). This mechanism, known as niche differentiation, has been widely examined theoretically but still lacks thorough experimental validation in plants. To shape niche differences over time, species within communities can reduce the overlap between their niches or find unexploited environmental space(3). Selection and phenotypic plasticity have been advanced as two candidate processes driving niche differentiation(4,5), but their respective role remains to be quantified(6). Here, we tracked changes in plant height, as a candidate trait for light capture(7), in 5-year multispecies sown grasslands. We found increasing among-species height differences over time. Phenotypic plasticity promotes this change, which explains the rapid setting of differentiation in our system. Through the inspection of changes in genetic structure, we also highlighted the contribution of selection. Altogether, we experimentally demonstrated the occurrence of species niche differentiation within artificial grassland communities over a short time scale through the joined action of both plasticity and selection. Niche differentiation has been theorized to occur in plants, but experimental validation of this mechanism of species coexistence is lacking. This study finds selection and phenotypic plasticity to be the main drivers of differentiation. SN 2055-026X EI 2055-0278 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 6 IS 1 BP 28 EP + DI 10.1038/s41477-019-0569-7 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000507725200001 PM 31873193 ER PT J AU Bennett, DJ Sutton, MD Turvey, ST AF Bennett, D. J. Sutton, M. D. Turvey, S. T. TI How the past impacts the future: modelling the performance of evolutionarily distinct mammals through time SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB How does past evolutionary performance impact future evolutionary performance? This is an important question not just for macroevolutionary biologists who wish to chart the phenomena that describe deep-time changes in biodiversity but also for conservation biologists, as evolutionarily distinct species-which may be deemed 'low-performing' in our current era-are increasingly the focus of conservation efforts. Contrasting hypotheses exist to account for the history and future of evolutionarily distinct species: on the one hand, they may be relicts of large radiations, potentially 'doomed' to extinction; or they may be slow-evolving, 'living fossils', likely neither to speciate nor go extinct; or they may be seeds of future radiations. Here, we attempt to test these hypotheses in Mammalia by combining a molecular phylogenetic supertree with fossil record occurrences and measuring change in evolutionary distinctness (ED) at different time slices. With these time slices, we modelled future ED as a function of past ED. We find that past evolutionary performance does indeed have an impact on future evolutionary performance: the most evolutionarily isolated clades tend to become more evolutionarily distinct with time, indicating that low-performing clades tend to remain low-performing throughout their evolutionary history. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?' OI Sutton, Mark/0000-0002-7137-7572 SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 374 IS 1788 AR 20190210 DI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0210 UT WOS:000506578700003 PM 31679492 ER PT J AU Crees, JJ Collen, B Turvey, ST AF Crees, Jennifer J. Collen, Ben Turvey, Samuel T. TI Bias, incompleteness and the 'known unknowns' in the Holocene faunal record SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Long-term faunal data are needed to track biodiversity change and extinction over wide spatio-temporal scales. The Holocene record is a particularly rich and well-resolved resource for this purpose but nonetheless represents a biased subset of the original faunal composition, both at the site-level assemblage and when data are pooled for wider-scale analysis. We investigated patterns and potential sources of taxonomic, spatial and temporal bias in two Holocene datasets of mammalian occurrence and abundance, one at the global species level and one at the continental population-level. Larger-bodied species are disproportionately abundant in the Holocene fossil record, but this varies according to trophic level, probably owing to past patterns of human subsistence and exploitation. Despite the uneven spatial distribution of mammalian occurrence records, we found no specific source of sampling bias, suggesting that this error type can be avoided by intensive data collection protocols. Faunal assemblages are more abundant and precisely dated nearer to the present as a consequence of taphonomy, past human demography and dating methods. Our study represents one of the first attempts to quantify incompleteness and bias in the Holocene mammal record, and failing to critically assess the quality of long-term faunal datasets has major implications for understanding species decline and extinction risk. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?' RI ; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016 OI Crees, Jennifer/0000-0001-9240-1204; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243 SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 374 IS 1788 AR 20190216 DI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0216 UT WOS:000506578700007 PM 31679489 ER PT J AU Grace, M Akcakaya, HR Bennett, E Hilton-Taylor, C Long, B Milner-Gulland, EJ Young, R Hoffmann, M AF Grace, Molly Akcakaya, H. Resit Bennett, Elizabeth Hilton-Taylor, Craig Long, Barney Milner-Gulland, E. J. Young, Richard Hoffmann, Michael TI Using historical and palaeoecological data to inform ambitious species recovery targets SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Historical data are a valuable resource for addressing present-day conservation issues, for example by informing the establishment of appropriate recovery targets. However, while the recovery of threatened species is the end goal of many conservation programmes, data made available through the efforts of palaeoecologists and historical ecologists are rarely consulted. The proposal of a 'Green List of Species' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) will soon change this. The Green List of Species measures recovery against historical baselines; in particular, the method requires estimates of species range and abundance in previous centuries. In this paper, we present the case forwhy setting species recovery against a historical baseline is necessary to produce ambitious conservation targets, and we highlight examples from palaeoecology and historical ecology where fossil and archival data have been used to establish historical species baselines. Finally, we introduce Conservation Archive (https://conservationarchive.shinyapps.io/ConservationArchive/), a database of resources that can be used to infer baseline species conditions, and invite contributions to this database. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?' OI Milner-Gulland, E.J./0000-0003-0324-2710 SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 374 IS 1788 AR 20190297 DI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0297 UT WOS:000506578700016 PM 31679497 ER PT J AU Monsarrat, S Novellie, P Rushworth, I Kerley, G AF Monsarrat, Sophie Novellie, Peter Rushworth, Ian Kerley, Graham TI Shifted distribution baselines: neglecting long-term biodiversity records risks overlooking potentially suitable habitat for conservation management SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Setting appropriate conservation measures to halt the loss of biodiversity requires a good understanding of species' habitat requirements and potential distribution. Recent (past few decades) ecological data are typically used to estimate and understand species' ecological niches. However, historical local extinctions may have truncated species-environment relationships, resulting in a biased perception of species' habitat preferences. This may result in incorrect assessments of the area potentially available for their conservation. Incorporating long-term (centuries-old) occurrence records with recent records may provide better information on species-environment relationships and improve the modelling and understanding of habitat suitability. We test whether neglecting long-term occurrence records leads to an underestimation of species' historical niche and potential distribution and identify which species are more vulnerable to this effect. We compare outputs of species distribution models and niche hypervolumes built using recent records only with those built using both recent and long-term (post-1500) records, for a set of 34 large mammal species in South Africa. We find that, while using recent records only is adequate for some species, adding historical records in the analyses impacts estimates of the niche and habitat suitability for 12 species (34%) in our dataset, and that this effect is significantly higher for carnivores. These results show that neglecting long-term biodiversity records in spatial analyses risks mis-understanding, and generally underestimating, species' niches, which in turn may lead to ill-informed management decisions, with significant implications for the effectiveness of conservation efforts. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?' OI Monsarrat, Sophie/0000-0002-6220-5306 SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 374 IS 1788 AR 20190215 DI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0215 UT WOS:000506578700006 PM 31679487 ER PT J AU Monsarrat, S Jarvie, S Svenning, JC AF Monsarrat, Sophie Jarvie, Scott Svenning, Jens-Christian TI Anthropocene refugia: integrating history and predictive modelling to assess the space available for biodiversity in a human-dominated world SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB During periods of strong environmental change, some areas may serve as refugia, where components of biodiversity can find protection, persist and potentially expand from should conditions again become favourable. The refugia concept has previously been used in the context of climatic change, to describe climatically stable areas in which taxa survived past Quaternary glacial-interglacial oscillations, or where they might persist in the future under anthropogenic climate change. However, with the recognition that Earth has entered the Anthropocene, an era in which human activities are the dominant driving force on ecosystems, it is critical to also consider human pressures on the environment as factors limiting species distributions. Here, we present a novel concept, Anthropocene refugia, to refer to areas that provide spatial and temporal protection from human activities and that will remain suitable for a given taxonomic unit in the long-term. It integrates a deep-time perspective on species biogeography that provides information on the natural rather than current-day relictual distribution of species, with spatial information on modern and future anthropogenic threats. We define the concept and propose a methodology to effectively identify and map realized and potential current and future refugia, using examples for two megafaunal species as a proof of concept. We argue that identifying Anthropocene refugia will improve biodiversity conservation and restoration by allowing better prediction of key areas for conservation and potential for re-expansions today and in the future. More generally, it forms a new conceptual framework to assess and manage the impact of anthropogenic activities on past, current and future patterns of species distributions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?' RI ; Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012 OI Jarvie, Scott/0000-0002-0086-2351; Monsarrat, Sophie/0000-0002-6220-5306; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862 SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 374 IS 1788 AR 20190219 DI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0219 UT WOS:000506578700010 PM 31679484 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, ASL Monsarrat, S Charpentier, A Brooks, TM Hoffmann, M Reeves, R Palomares, MLD Turvey, ST AF Rodrigues, Ana S. L. Monsarrat, Sophie Charpentier, Anne Brooks, Thomas M. Hoffmann, Michael Reeves, Randall Palomares, Maria L. D. Turvey, Samuel T. TI Unshifting the baseline: a framework for documenting historical population changes and assessing long-term anthropogenic impacts SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Ecological baselines-reference states of species' distributions and abundances-are key to the scientific arguments underpinning many conservation and management interventions, as well as to the public support to such interventions. Yet societal as well as scientific perceptions of these baselines are often based on ecosystems that have been deeply transformed by human actions. Despite increased awareness about the pervasiveness and implications of this shifting baseline syndrome, ongoing global assessments of the state of biodiversity do not take into account the long-term, cumulative, anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. Here, we propose a new framework for documenting such impacts, by classifying populations according to the extent to which they deviate from a baseline in the absence of human actions. We apply this framework to the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) to illustrate how it can be used to assess populations with different geographies and timelines of known or suspected impacts. Through other examples, we discuss how the framework can be applied to populations for which there is a wide diversity of existing knowledge, by making the best use of the available ecological, historical and archaeological data. Combined across multiple populations, this framework provides a standard for assessing cumulative anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?' RI Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009 OI Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127; Monsarrat, Sophie/0000-0002-6220-5306 SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 374 IS 1788 AR 20190220 DI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0220 UT WOS:000506578700011 PM 31679498 ER PT J AU Turvey, ST Walsh, C Hansford, JP Crees, JJ Bielby, J Duncan, C Hu, KJ Hudson, MA AF Turvey, Samuel T. Walsh, Connor Hansford, James P. Crees, Jennifer J. Bielby, Jon Duncan, Clare Hu, Kaijin Hudson, Michael A. TI Complementarity, completeness and quality of long-term faunal archives in an Asian biodiversity hotspot SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Long-term baselines on biodiversity change through time are crucial to inform conservation decision-making in biodiversity hotspots, but environmental archives remain unavailable for many regions. Extensive palaeontological, zooarchaeological and historical records and indigenous knowledge about past environmental conditions exist for China, a megadiverse country experiencing large-scale biodiversity loss, but their potential to understand past human-caused faunal turnover is not fully assessed. We investigate a series of complementary environmental archives to evaluate the quality of the Holocene-historical faunal record of Hainan Island, China's southernmost province, for establishing new baselines on postglacial mammalian diversity and extinction dynamics. Synthesis of multiple archives provides an integrated model of long-term biodiversity change, revealing that Hainan has experienced protracted and ongoing human-caused depletion of its mammal fauna from prehistory to the present, and that past baselines can inform practical conservation management. However, China's Holocene-historical archives exhibit substantial incompleteness and bias at regional and country-wide scales, with limited taxonomic representation especially for small-bodied species, and poor sampling of high-elevation landscapes facing current-day climate change risks. Establishing a clearer understanding of the quality of environmental archives in threatened ecoregions, and their ability to provide a meaningful understanding of the past, is needed to identify future conservation-relevant historical research priorities. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?' OI Duncan, Clare/0000-0001-5315-2997; Crees, Jennifer/0000-0001-9240-1204 SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 374 IS 1788 AR 20190217 DI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0217 UT WOS:000506578700008 PM 31679488 ER PT J AU Sarmento-Soares, LM Pessali, TC Reis, VJC De Medeiros, LS Lima, SMQ Silva, JP Martins-Pinheiro, RF De Pinna, MCC AF Sarmento-Soares, Luisa M. Pessali, Tiago C. Reis, Vinicius J. C. De Medeiros, Lucas S. Lima, Sergio M. Q. Silva, Juliana P. Martins-Pinheiro, Ronaldo F. De Pinna, Mario C. C. TI Distribution, morphological notes and conservation status of the psammophilus Microcambeva catfishes Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) SO ZOOTAXA AB Sarcoglanidinae and Glanapteryginae catfishes are among the most unusual elements of the Neotropical freshwater fish fauna. Microcambeva ribeirae, M. barbata and M. draco are miniaturized Sarcoglanidinae known to occur in sandy microhabitats in drainages of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Due to their specific habitats, specimens of Microcambeva are rare in fish collections, and new records are considered noteworthy to warrant report. Recently, specimens of this genus were newly found in the Rio Doce basin in Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo States. Such new records expand the known geographic distribution of Microcambeva. Further records of Microcambeva for Rio Peruipe in south Bahia State are also reported. Comments on the distribution of Microcambeva species along the Atlantic Forest coastal basins and suggestions on its conservation status are also offered. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 4712 IS 4 BP 576 EP 588 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.4.6 UT WOS:000504500300006 ER PT J AU Freitas, JG Santos, AKA Peraza-Flores, LN AF Freitas, Juliana G. Santos, Andrea K. A. Peraza-Flores, Lizandro N. TI Reassessment of Pterolepis parnassiifolia (Melastomataceae, Melastomateae) and a new combination for the genus SO PHYTOTAXA AB We clarified the identity and nomenclature of Pterolepis parnassiifolia. Anew combination, Pterolepis piatensis, is also proposed to recognize at species level the previously described P. parnassiifolia var. piatensis. We included full morphological descriptions, photographs, drawings, and discussions on the taxonomy, distribution and conservation of both species. We also included a table of main morphological characters separating P. parnassiifolia from P. piatensis. RI Peraza-Flores, Lizandro Nicanor/O-3372-2017 OI Peraza-Flores, Lizandro Nicanor/0000-0001-9534-0523 SN 1179-3155 EI 1179-3163 PD DEC 23 PY 2019 VL 427 IS 3 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.3 UT WOS:000504069200003 ER PT J AU Haider, LJ Boonstra, WJ Akobirshoeva, A Schluter, M AF Haider, L. Jamila Boonstra, Wiebren J. Akobirshoeva, Anzurat Schlueter, Maja TI Effects of development interventions on biocultural diversity: a case study from the Pamir Mountains SO AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES AB The relationship between nature and culture in biocultural landscapes runs deep, where everyday practices and rituals have coevolved with the environment over millennia. Such tightly intertwined social-ecological systems are, however, often in the world's poorest regions and commonly subject to development interventions which effect biocultural diversity. This paper investigates the social and ecological implications of an introduced wheat seed in the Pamir Mountains. We examine contrasting responses to the intervention through participatory observation of food practices around a New Year ritual, and interviews in two communities. Our results show how one community fostered biocultural diversity, while the other did not, resulting in divergent processes of social and cultural change. In the former, ritual is practiced with traditional seed varieties, involving reciprocal exchange and is characterised by little outmigration of youth. In contrast, the second community celebrates the ritual with replaced store-bought ingredients, no longer cultivates any grain crops and where circular migration to Russia is the main livelihood strategy. Coevolution as an analytical lens enables us to understand these divergent pathways as processes of dynamically changing social-ecological relations. The paper suggests that a deeper understanding of social-ecological relationships in landscapes offers a dynamic and process-oriented understanding of development interventions and can help identify endogenous responses to local, regional and global change-thereby empowering more appropriate and effective development pathways. RI ; Schluter, Maja/C-2374-2015 OI Boonstra, Wiebren/0000-0002-1191-0574; Schluter, Maja/0000-0002-7780-1039; Haider, L. Jamila/0000-0002-0265-5356 SN 0889-048X EI 1572-8366 DI 10.1007/s10460-019-10005-8 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504160100001 ER PT J AU McQueen, JP Treonis, AM AF McQueen, J. Parr Treonis, Amy M. TI Cacao agroforestry in Belize: Effects on soil nematode community structure SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS AB Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a shade tolerant crop that can be grown beneath the rainforest canopy rather than in a conventional monoculture. Cacao agroforestry has been proposed as a more sustainable method of farming to mitigate climate change and protect above-ground biodiversity, yet impacts on soil biodiversity and function have rarely been investigated. Our goal was to study how the diversity and community structure of soil nematodes are impacted by planting the rainforest understory with cacao. At field sites in southern Belize and during two growing seasons, nematodes were extracted from soil from cacao agroforestry plots, undisturbed rainforests, and a banana plantation. Nematodes were enumerated and visually identified, and communities were analyzed using several community and diversity indices. In both the dry and wet seasons, soils from cacao plots contained similar nematode communities to the rainforest with respect to all measured variables, including the abundance of nematodes from each trophic group, the Bongers Maturity and Plant-Parasite indices, and the Shannon and Simpson's diversity indices. In contrast, the banana plantation soils were dominated by plant-parasitic nematodes with lower Shannon and Simpson's diversity indices. Overall, it appears that cacao agroforestry plots maintain nematode community structure relative to the undisturbed rainforest they were created from, suggesting that soil health is not compromised by this land-use strategy. SN 0167-4366 EI 1572-9680 DI 10.1007/s10457-019-00477-2 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504132400001 ER PT J AU Lira, AFD Badillo-Montano, R Lira-Noriega, A de Albuquerque, CMR AF Lira, Andre Felipe de Araujo Badillo-Montano, Raul Lira-Noriega, Andres de Albuquerque, Cleide Maria Ribeiro TI Potential distribution patterns of scorpions in north-eastern Brazil under scenarios of future climate change SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY AB Current predictions about the responses of species to climate change strongly rely on projecting altered environmental conditions on their distributions. In this study, we investigated the effects of future climate change scenarios on the potential distribution of 10 species of scorpions in north-eastern Brazil in the context of their degree of specialisation to closed (Atlantic and Amazon Forests) and open (Caatinga and Cerrado) habitats. Scorpion species were classified as habitat specialists or generalists according to the IndVal index, and present and future species distribution models were prepared using minimum volume ellipsoids. According to IndVal, four species were classified as closed-forest specialists (Ananteris mauryi, Tityus brazilae, Tityus pusillus and Tityus neglectus), four as open-forest specialists (Jaguajir agamemnon, Jaguajir rochae, Physoctonus debilis and Bothriurus rochai), and two as generalists (Tityus stigmurus and Bothriurus asper). All species presented a drastic reduction in potential distribution, ranging from 44% to 72%, when compared with their current distribution. In addition, we found a reduction in scorpion species richness under future climate change scenarios. This finding has implications for scorpion conservation. Further, the results show that climate change may impact the composition of scorpion assemblages in north-eastern Brazil, revealing important implications for human-scorpion interactions. SN 1442-9985 EI 1442-9993 DI 10.1111/aec.12849 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503990700001 ER PT J AU Angessa, AT Lemma, B Yeshitela, K AF Angessa, Abebe Tufa Lemma, Brook Yeshitela, Kumelachew TI Land-use and land-cover dynamics and their drivers in the central highlands of Ethiopia with special reference to the Lake Wanchi watershed SO GEOJOURNAL AB Land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes have been recognized universally as fundamental constituents of global biodiversity and ecosystem services change driver. The objectives of this study were analyzing the spatial and temporal LULC dynamics over the past 44 years and identifying the major drivers of these changes. It was conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia at the social-ecological Lake Wanchi watershed. The study triangulated data from Landsat images of four different time series, ground verifications, focus group discussions, key informants interview, and quantitative analytical approach. The Landsat imageries were processed and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.3 software. Supervised classification was executed using the maximum likelihood technique. The non-quantifiable data were analyzed using qualitative descriptions and the quantitative analytical approach was used to rank the degree of LULC change drivers. About 62% of the land area in the study watershed experienced LULC conversions. Wetlands, forest-cover, shrub-cover, and water body converted (declined) annually at a rate of 3.3%, 1.4%, 1.3% and 0.6%, respectively. Croplands, bare lands, agroforestry, and settlements, expanded annually at the rate of 10.2%, 5.7%, 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Agricultural activities, wood extraction, settlement expansion, and infrastructure constructions were proximate LULC change drivers, while, demographic changes, community conflict, and land tenure policy were the underlying change drivers. To mitigate the rapid LULC changes and safeguard the social-ecological benefits at the local watershed and distant downstream systems of Lake Wanchi, rehabilitation of the watershed specifically, the natural vegetation covers and environmentally sensitive areas, through the application of integrated watershed management strategies is critically important. OI Angessa, Abebe Tufa/0000-0002-1981-5168 SN 0343-2521 EI 1572-9893 DI 10.1007/s10708-019-10130-1 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504128400002 ER PT J AU Yang, HS Meng, Y Feng, JX Li, YF Zhai, SL Liu, J AF Yang, Haishui Meng, Yi Feng, Jinxia Li, Yifan Zhai, Silong Liu, Jian TI Direct and indirect effects of long-term ditch-buried straw return on soil bacterial community in a rice-wheat rotation system SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Ditch-buried straw return (DB-SR) is a novel soil tillage and fertility building practice that is effective in regulating soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and hydrothermal processes in rice-wheat rotation systems. However, the effects of DB-SR on soil bacterial community are still largely unclear. We deciphered soil bacterial community with high-throughput sequencing under various returning approaches, burial depths, and straw amounts after 6.5 years of DB-SR application. Our results showed that DB-SR structured distinctive soil bacterial community with rotary tillage straw return (RT-SR; one-way analysis of similarities [ANOSIM]: P < .01). RT-SR significantly reduced soil bacterial diversity by 3.87%, but DB-SR could maintain it (P > .05). These variations were mainly caused by water content-driven changes in soil organic carbon. Also, bacterial community composition was distinctive among burial depth treatment (one-way ANOSIM: P < .05), and deeper burial reduced species richness and diversity (P < .05). Variation in C/N ratio could mostly explain the alterations in soil bacterial community structure under different burial depths. Moreover, the amount of straw buried had no significant effect on soil bacterial species richness or diversity (P > .05), but bacterial community composition was more dissimilar with increasing straw amount (one-way ANOSIM: P < .01). Our results suggest that long-term DB-SR can maintain the bacterial community structure in the surface soil layers when compared with conventional RT-SR, but taking the current production level into consideration, the burial depth should not be greater than 20 cm for incorporating the full amounts of straws. OI Yang, Haishui/0000-0001-7255-9653 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3481 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503993600001 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Pearce, A Li, L AF Lu, Yi Pearce, Anna Li, Leah TI Distinct patterns of socio-economic disparities in child-to-adolescent BMI trajectories across UK ethnic groups: A prospective longitudinal study SO PEDIATRIC OBESITY AB Background In many high-income countries, body mass index (BMI)/obesity levels are inversely associated with socio-economic position (SEP). Little is known whether socio-economic patterns in BMI trajectories throughout childhood differ by ethnicity, especially in the United Kingdom. Objectives To investigate socio-economic disparities in child-to-adolescent BMI trajectories and risks of overweight and obesity during adolescence across ethnic groups. Methods Mixed-effects fractional polynomial and multinomial regression models were applied to estimate socio-economic differences in BMI trajectories (3-14 years) and risk of overweight/obesity at 14 years, respectively, in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 15 996). Analysis was stratified by ethnicity. Result Poverty was associated with higher BMI in children of White and South Asian origins, with a small difference at 3 years, which widened with age to 0.75 kg/m(2) (95% CI, 0.59-0.91) and 0.77 kg/m(2) (0.26-1.27) at 14 years for the White and South Asian groups, respectively. There was a reverse income-BMI association in children of Black (African-Caribbean) origin with the poverty group having a lower BMI (-0.37 kg/m(2) [-0.71 to -0.04] at 5 years; -0.95 kg/m(2) [-1.79 to -0.11] at 14 years). These patterns also presented with maternal education as a SEP indicator and for obesity at 14 years. Conclusions Socio-economic advantage may not be universally associated with lower BMI, which should be considered when planning obesity interventions. The positive SEP-BMI association in children of Black origin requires replication and merits further investigation into underpinning mechanisms. OI Pearce, Anna/0000-0003-0085-5263; Li, Leah/0000-0002-3603-6457 SN 2047-6310 EI 2047-6302 DI 10.1111/ijpo.12598 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503976800001 PM 31872553 ER PT J AU Knoblauch, A Gander, A AF Knoblauch, Aline Gander, Antoine TI Reed bed soil stripping as wetland management method: implications for water beetles SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB Reed bed management is one of the main wetland related issues in Europe and among the diverse approaches developed for that purpose, some restoration methods are considered rather intrusive. There is nonetheless a lack of research investigating how invertebrate communities react to such restoration methods. In this study, we assessed the suitability of reed bed soil strippings, also called bed lowerings, as habitats for aquatic beetles by sampling a total of 101 sites along the southern shore of Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland. We compared water beetle species richness and taxonomic structure between reed bed soil strippings and other habitats found in the surrounding wetland. Additionally, we evaluated the promotion of new species through strippings and investigated the evolution of water beetle communities along the temporal gradient of reed bed soil strippings. No difference in species composition was found between the sampled habitats, suggesting a well-connected landscape mosaic within the study area. Managed sites did not increase species diversity at the landscape level. We identified a gradual diminution in species richness with age of restored site, as well as a shift in taxonomic assemblages. In conclusion, we advise reed bed soil strippings to be phased temporally and spatially, thus providing managed wetlands open water bodies of different successional stages. SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 DI 10.1007/s11273-019-09702-2 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504128300001 ER PT J AU Ishiyama, N Miura, K Yamanaka, S Negishi, JN Nakamura, F AF Ishiyama, Nobuo Miura, Kazuki Yamanaka, Satoshi Negishi, Junjiro N. Nakamura, Futoshi TI Contribution of small isolated habitats in creating refuges from biological invasions along a geomorphological gradient of floodplain waterbodies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY AB Habitat fragmentation, which involves habitat size reduction and isolation, is a major cause of biodiversity decline. However, interest in small isolated habitats has increased among ecosystem managers because these fragments can serve as remnant refuges for unique and/or endangered species in human-altered landscapes. In a fragmented floodplain of northern Japan, we demonstrate how habitat fragmentation and habitat quality shape the refuges for a unique endangered minnow Rhynchocypris percnurus sachalinensis from biological invasions. We focused on two invasive minnows, topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva and rosy bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus, which are the dominant invasive species. By using a graph theoretical approach and structural equation modelling, we elucidated the relationships among habitat fragmentation, habitat quality and the abundance of invasive minnows with the endangered swamp minnow. We found that the invasion of topmouth gudgeon, which has a high mobility and environmental tolerance, negatively affected swamp minnow populations. The invasive species may outcompete the native species in their overlapping trophic niche. Analyses indicated that habitat fragmentation (decreasing habitat size and connectivity) indirectly and positively affected the population abundance of swamp minnow by reducing the potential for invasion by topmouth gudgeon. We further found an interaction between the indirect effects of habitat fragmentation and local habitat quality: the indirect effects became more apparent in the relatively deeper habitats that were of better quality for natives. This result was likely attributed to the strong control effect of the abiotic stressor. Interspecific competition between the two minnows would be masked in shallow ponds because the native populations are primarily restricted by the abiotic factor, and its abundance is inherently limited regardless of pressure by invaders. Synthesis and applications. In fragmented landscapes, evenly conserving all small fragments within a limited budget is difficult. The change in importance of small isolated ponds across a pond-depth gradient suggests that conservation priorities for small fragments should be established by considering local habitat quality. Our findings do not justify habitat fragmentation but suggest that both landscape-scale and local-scale perspectives synergistically aid in the management of biological invasions in modified habitat networks. SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.13546 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503815000001 ER PT J AU dos Santos, TR Ferragut, C AF dos Santos, Thiago Rodrigues Ferragut, Carla TI Environmental predictors of algal community structure of plankton, epipelon and epiphyton in a shallow tropical reservoir SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY AB Structural characteristics of algal communities can be used to access environmental conditions, but there is a great need to identify the drivers of change in all habitats. This study evaluated the spatial and temporal changes in the phytoplankton, epipelon and epiphyton structures in a shallow reservoir. We investigated the determining factors of the structural variability and spatial differences in the species composition and algal density in the three habitats. Bimonthly samplings were carried out for determination of the limnological variables and algal communities. The rainy season was characterized by high nutrient availability and macrophyte coverage, and the communities were dominated by flagellate algae, as Chromulina elegans Doflein. The highest modification rate was found in the phytoplankton structure, followed by epiphyton and epipelon. Despite the species co-occurrence among phytoplankton, epipelon and epiphyton, the descriptor species presented different representativeness in communities. Planktonic and epiphytic algae were more associated with temporal variation in nutrient availability, while depth was more important for epipelic algae structuring. We conclude that the algal community in the plankton, epipelon and epiphyton was structured by different environmental factors, but descriptor species co-occurrence suggested an interrelationship between communities in this shallow reservoir with high abundance of macrophytes. RI Ferragut, Carla/B-9875-2012 OI Ferragut, Carla/0000-0002-4313-1436 SN 0100-8404 EI 1806-9959 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 42 IS 4 BP 689 EP 699 DI 10.1007/s40415-019-00571-w EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504159700001 ER PT J AU Le Cor, F Slaby, S Gaillard, J Dauchy, X Feidt, C Banas, D AF Le Cor, Francois Slaby, Sylvain Gaillard, Juliette Dauchy, Xavier Feidt, Cyril Banas, Damien TI Barrage fishponds, a funnel effect for metal contaminants on headwater streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Fishponds are man-made shallow water bodies that are still little studied because of their small size. They represent high value ecosystems, both environmentally (biodiversity hotspot) and economically (fish production). They can have a high place on the hydrographic network, so their influence on water quality is of first importance for rivers and water bodies located downstream and monitored under the Water Framework Directive. These small water bodies can be a source of contaminants during draining period or an efficient buffer for pesticides. We wanted to evaluate whether these ponds could also be a remediation tool against metals by following the annual evolution of upstream/downstream flows. Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations were quantified in the dissolved phase upstream and downstream of three ponds, each one having a specific agricultural environment (traditional or organic). Metal concentration was quantified in sediments and water. For the dissolved phase, the predictive non-effect concentration was often exceeded, suggesting an environmental risk. Results highlighted also greater quantity of metals at the downstream of the pond compared to the upstream, suggesting remobilization into the ponds or direct cross-sectional contributions from the watershed (e.g. runoff from crops) or even remobilization. Regarding sediments, minimal contamination was shown but a high mineralogical variability. No buffer effect of ponds, which could reduce the risk of acute or chronic toxicity, was detected. OI Slaby, Sylvain/0000-0001-8711-5879 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 DI 10.1007/s11356-019-07195-3 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503669600005 PM 31863385 ER PT J AU Kryk, A Bak, M Gorecka, E Riaux-Gobin, C Bemiasa, J Bemanaja, E Li, CL Dabek, P Witkowski, A AF Kryk, Adrian Bak, Malgorzata Gorecka, Ewa Riaux-Gobin, Catherine Bemiasa, John Bemanaja, Etienne Li, Chunlian Dabek, Przemyslaw Witkowski, Andrzej TI Marine diatom assemblages of the Nosy Be Island coasts, NW Madagascar: species composition and biodiversity using molecular and morphological taxonomy SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY AB Madagascar is an isolated oceanic island characterized by high degrees of endemism at all taxonomic levels. The waters surrounding Madagascar are still poorly studied for benthic marine diatom assemblages. The aim of our study was to analyse the taxonomic biodiversity and molecular phylogeny of the diatom assemblages of the Nosy Be archipelago in terms of their ubiquity/rarity. A total of 65 samples from 14 sampling sites were collected from the Nosy Be and Nosy Tanikely islands in June/July 2014. Diatom identification, based on light and electron microscopic examination, revealed 332 diatom taxa. From those, similar to 90 strains were isolated and successfully cultured. So far, DNA has been extracted and one chloroplast gene (rbcL) sequenced from 21 strains in order to reconstruct their single gene phylogeny. Taxa selected for sequencing and the preliminary phylogeny are from genera considered common benthic and planktonic forms in the marine littoral: Bellerochea, Melosira, Paralia, Triceratium, Navicula, Hippodonta, Auricula, Nitzschia, Cocconeis, and some araphids. For each site, Shannon and Simpson biodiversity indices were calculated. Diatom assemblages of Nosy Be were characterized by high biodiversity. The most abundant species was Cocconeis scutellum. Whereas some of the cultured taxa seem to represent cosmopolitan or zonal forms: e.g., Bellerochea malleus, Triceratium dubium, Melosira lineata, Paralia crawfordii, or Nitzschia inconspicua, most of the taxa isolated in culture and sequenced have not been observed in earlier works based on use of molecular markers. The dominant taxa were generally those with broad geographic distribution with global/Indo-Pacific affinities. Amongst all 332 taxa, only 35% have been identified to the species level. Many of the taxa identified to the generic level may turn out to represent taxa new to science after further SEM examination and DNA sequencing. SN 1477-2000 EI 1478-0933 DI 10.1080/14772000.2019.1696420 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503940500001 ER PT J AU Anceschi, N Hidalgo, J Plata, CA Bellini, T Maritan, A Suweis, S AF Anceschi, Niccolo Hidalgo, Jorge Plata, Carlos A. Bellini, Tommaso Maritan, Amos Suweis, Samir TI Neutral and niche forces as drivers of species selection SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY AB The evolutionary and ecological processes behind the origin of species are among the most fundamental problems in biology. In fact, many theoretical hypothesis on different type of speciation have been proposed. In particular, models of sympatric speciation leading to the formation of new species without geographical isolation, are based on the niche hypothesis: the diversification of the population is induced by the competition for a limited set of available resources. Interestingly, neutral models of evolution have shown that stochastic forces are sufficient to generate coexistence of different species. In this work, we put forward this dichotomy within the context of species formation, studying how neutral and niche forces contribute to sympatric speciation in a model ecosystem. In particular, we study the evolution of a population of individuals with asexual reproduction whose inherited characters or phenotypes are specified by both niche-based and neutral traits. We analyze the stationary state of the dynamics, and study the distribution of individuals in the whole phenotypic space. We show, both numerically and analytically, that there is a non-trivial coupling between neutral and niche forces induced by stochastic effects in the evolution of the population allowing the formation of clusters, that is, species in the phenotypic space. Remarkably, our framework can be generalized also to sexual reproduction or other type of population dynamics. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. RI Plata, Carlos A./V-4374-2018; Bellini, Tommaso/M-5510-2014 OI Plata, Carlos A./0000-0002-4116-6854; Bellini, Tommaso/0000-0003-4898-4400 SN 0022-5193 EI 1095-8541 PD DEC 21 PY 2019 VL 483 AR UNSP 109969 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.07.021 UT WOS:000490056000012 PM 31377398 ER PT J AU Wiersma, YF McMullin, RT Sleep, DJH AF Wiersma, Yolanda F. McMullin, R. Troy Sleep, Darren J. H. TI Model systems to elucidate minimum requirements for protected areas networks SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB In conservation biology there have been varying answers to the question of "How much land to protect?" Simulation models using decision-support software such as Marxan show that the answer is sensitive to target type and amount, and issues of scale. We used a novel model system for landscape ecology to test empirically whether the minimum conservation requirements to represent all species at least once are consistent across replicate landscapes, and if not, whether these minimum conservation requirements are linked to biodiversity patterns. Our model system of replicated microcosms could be scaled to larger systems once patterns and mechanisms are better understood. We found that the minimum representation requirements for lichen species along the microlandscapes of tree trunks were remarkably consistent (4-6 planning units) across 24 balsam fir trees in a single stand, as well as for 21 more widely dispersed fir and yellow birch trees. Variation in minimum number of planning units required correlated positively with gamma diversity. Our results demonstrate that model landscapes are useful to determine whether minimum representation requirements are consistent across different landscapes, as well as what factors (life history, diversity patterns, dispersal strategies) affect variation in these conservation requirements. This system holds promise for further investigation into factors that should be considered when developing conservation designs, thus yielding scientifically-defensible requirements that can be applied more broadly. OI Wiersma, Yolanda/0000-0003-4604-9240; McMullin, Troy/0000-0002-1768-2891 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19594 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-56142-2 UT WOS:000508872700040 PM 31863029 ER PT J AU Guglielmo, R Bergamasco, A Minutoli, R Patti, FP Belmonte, G Spano, N Zagami, G Bonanzinga, V Guglielmo, L Granata, A AF Guglielmo, Rosanna Bergamasco, Alessandro Minutoli, Roberta Patti, Francesco P. Belmonte, Genuario Spano, Nunziacarla Zagami, Giacomo Bonanzinga, Vincenzo Guglielmo, Letterio Granata, Antonia TI The Otranto Channel (South Adriatic Sea), a hot-spot area of plankton biodiversity: pelagic polychaetes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Composition, density and specimen sizes of pelagic polychaete assemblages were analyzed in the Southern Adriatic Sea. The study was based on finely stratified vertical (0-1100 m) and spatial sampling (17 stations) representing spring conditions. Holoplanktonic polychaetes were distributed in both neritic and pelagic waters, although the highest densities were observed along the Otranto Channel. Analysis of the size frequency distribution revealed a trend with depth only for some species. Spatial distribution of holoplanktonic polychaete density was not related to bottom depth, being the organisms mainly concentrated in the epipelagic layer (0-100 m). The most abundant species showed maximum values below or within the thermocline and within the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum or just above it. Relations between polychaete presence and the underlying oceanographic mechanisms regulating the circulation in the Otranto Channel were discussed. The presence of several non-determined polychaete larvae (e.g. Syllidae) in the pelagic waters at 800-1100 m depths suggests the importance of the role of Levantine waters as main actual and potential carrier of species in the area, though a relevant contribution comes also from North Adriatic dense waters through deep spilling and cascading in the Southern Adriatic pit. These findings increase the knowledge on holoplanktonic polychaetes ecology within the South Adriatic Sea, and represent significant data in the monitoring of changes in biodiversity. OI BONANZINGA, Vincenzo/0000-0002-6237-4054 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19490 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55946-6 UT WOS:000508868500015 PM 31862921 ER PT J AU Qiu, L Yin, RX Nie, RJ Hu, XJ Khounphinith, E Zhang, FH AF Qiu, Ling Yin, Rui-Xing Nie, Rong-Jun Hu, Xi-Jiang Khounphinith, Eksavang Zhang, Fen-Han TI The CXCL12 SNPs and their haplotypes are associated with serum lipid traits SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB The relationship among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 gene (CXCL12) and the serum lipid profiles in the Chinese population has rarely been described, especially in somewhat old-fashioned and isolated Maonan minority. The goal of the current study was to elucidate the connection among the CXCL12 rs501120 and rs1746048 SNPs, haplotypes, several environmental factors and serum lipid traits in the Maonan as well as Han populations. Genotyping of the two SNPs, gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing were accomplished in 1,494 distinct subjects (Maonan, 750 and Han, 744) using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequencies of genotypes as well as alleles of the two SNPs were not similar between the two ethnic groups. The rs501120 SNP was related with serum total cholesterol levels, while the rs1746048 SNP was related with serum apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels. Four haplotypes were identified, of which the rs501120A-rs1746048C haplotype was the most common. The haplotypes of rs501120A-rs1746048T increased and rs501120G-rs1746048C decreased the risk of hyperlipidemia (P < 0.001 for each), showing consistent association with the levels of serum triglyceride, ApoA1 and ApoB. These outcomes specify that the CXCL12 SNPs as well as their haplotypes are related to serum lipid levels. Different serum lipid levels between both populations may partially be related to the CXCL12 SNPs, their haplotypes along with several environmental factors. OI Yin, Rui-Xing/0000-0001-7883-4310 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19524 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55725-3 UT WOS:000508868500049 PM 31862910 ER PT J AU Izuddin, M Srivathsan, A Lee, AL Yam, TW Webb, EL AF Izuddin, Muhammad Srivathsan, Amrita Lee, Ai Lan Yam, Tim Wing Webb, Edward L. TI Availability of orchid mycorrhizal fungi on roadside trees in a tropical urban landscape SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Urban expansion threatens biodiversity worldwide, therefore urban spaces need to be amenable to biodiversity conservation. On trees in urban environments, natural colonisation and successful translocation of epiphytic orchids are necessary to enhance urban biodiversity, and depend on the availability of compatible orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). However, the extent of OMF presence and distribution, as well as niche requirements for the OMF, remain poorly studied. To identify and quantify OMF on urban trees as well as assess their suitability for native epiphytic orchids, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on tree bark and orchid root samples. OMF were detected at 60% of the study sites on 16% of 270 bark samples (from stem, fork, and branch microsites within each tree). OMF presence and richness on bark samples were related to multiple biophysical factors; in general, humus presence and precipitation levels were positively predictive of OMF presence and richness. We found Ceratobasidiaceae- and Serendipitaceae-associated OMF both on bark and within roots. Orchid species also showed differing mycorrhizal specificity. Sites associated with fungal genera Ceratobasidium, Rhizoctonia, and Serendipita were considered suitable habitats for seven orchid species. The results suggest that urban trees support OMF and are therefore suitable for native orchid species; however, OMF availability are largely constrained by biophysical factors. To maximise the likelihood of translocation success and consequent natural establishment, we propose that (micro)sites are screened for compatible OMF prior to any intervention. OI , Izuddin/0000-0002-9997-8716 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19528 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-56049-y UT WOS:000508870500003 PM 31863015 ER PT J AU McLean, KI Mushet, DM Sweetman, JN Anteau, MJ Wiltermuth, MT AF McLean, Kyle, I Mushet, David M. Sweetman, Jon N. Anteau, Michael J. Wiltermuth, Mark T. TI Invertebrate communities of Prairie-Pothole wetlands in the age of the aquatic Homogenocene SO HYDROBIOLOGIA AB Simplification of communities is a common consequence of anthropogenic modification. However, the prevalence and mechanisms of biotic homogenization among wetland systems require further examination. Biota of wetlands in the North American Prairie Pothole Region are adapted to high spatial and temporal variability in ponded-water duration and salinity. Recent climate change, however, has resulted in decreased hydrologic variability. Land-use changes have exacerbated this loss of variability. We used aquatic-macroinvertebrate data from 16 prairie-pothole wetlands sampled between 1992 and 2015 to explore homogenization of wetland communities. Macroinvertebrate communities of small wetlands that continued to cycle between wet and dry phases experienced greater turnover and supported unique taxa compared to larger wetlands that shifted towards less dynamic permanently ponded, lake-like regimes. Temporal turnover in beta-diversity was lowest in these permanently ponded wetlands. Additionally, wetlands that shifted to permanently ponded regimes also experienced a shift from palustrine to lacustrine communities. While increased pond permanence can increase species and overall beta-diversity in local areas previously lacking lake communities, homogenization of wetland communities at a larger, landscape scale can result in an overall loss of biodiversity as the diverse communities of many wetland systems become increasingly similar to those of lakes. SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 DI 10.1007/s10750-019-04154-4 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000507094100001 ER PT J AU Friant, S Ayambem, WA Alobi, AO Ifebueme, NM Otukpa, OM Ogar, DA Alawa, CBI Goldberg, TL Jacka, JK Rothman, JM AF Friant, Sagan Ayambem, Wilfred A. Alobi, Alobi O. Ifebueme, Nzube M. Otukpa, Oshama M. Ogar, David A. Alawa, Clement B., I Goldberg, Tony L. Jacka, Jerry K. Rothman, Jessica M. TI Life on the Rainforest Edge: Food Security in the Agricultural-Forest Frontier of Cross River State, Nigeria SO FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS AB A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of forests and wild animal-based foods for diets within tropical environments. However, deforestation and associated land-use changes can have competing effects on nutrition and food security as communities reorient from wild food use and subsistence-based agriculture to import/export markets. This research examines dietary differences and associated changes in food security during intermediate stages of deforestation and market integration in the agriculture-forest frontier of Cross River State, Nigeria. We used participant responses to mixed-methods interviews (n = 528) in six communities to measure individual dietary diversity, household food access, and short-term nutritional status, with specific attention to animal-based foods and the cultural and economic values attached to them, in two interior forest (n = 177) and four forest-edge (n = 351) communities. Multivariate analysis of dietary compositions revealed differences in food categories and types of meat consumed between forest environments. People in forest-edge communities reported consuming less bushmeat and dark green leafy vegetables, and more pulses, domestic meat, fish, eggs, dairy, other vegetables, sweets, condiments, and non-red palm oil compared to interior forest communities. Bushmeat was highly preferred and had more economic value than other animal-based foods, regardless of location. Forest-edge communities had fewer households involved in bushmeat related activities, and fewer hunters per household. However, traders in forest-edge communities sold a larger proportion of meat to people outside of the community than did traders in interior forest communities. Measures of nutrition and food security, but not wealth, improved in relation to dietary patterns in forest-edge communities compared to interior forest communities. Our results may reflect a "best of both worlds" scenario during the intermediate stages of deforestation and agricultural expansion near forested areas, where people have access to forest resources, increased ability to capitalize on forest goods, and access to market goods as they become integrated into market economies. Understanding the dietary consequences of environmental change is important, as food-related experiences may shape the trajectories of livelihood practices and landscape changes in tropical forests of biodiversity significance. EI 2571-581X PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 3 AR UNSP 113 DI 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00113 UT WOS:000505740500001 ER PT J AU Van de Perre, F Leirs, H Cigar, J Mbalitini, SG Itoka, JCM Verheyen, E AF Van de Perre, Frederik Leirs, Herwig Cigar, Julien Mbalitini, Sylvestre Gambalemoke Itoka, Jean-Claude Mukinzi Verheyen, Erik TI Shrews (Soricidae) of the lowland forests around Kisangani (DR Congo) SO BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL AB Background The Congo Basin rainforest is the second largest rainforest in the world and one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Nevertheless, the Congo Basin biodiversity remains to be fully mapped, with many species awaiting discovery or official description. In recent years, much effort has been put into research on shrews (Soricidae), particularly in the region around Kisangani (D.R. Congo). Shrews are opportunistic feeders that are able to forage on a large diversity of invertebrate prey and therefore play an important role in the forest ecosystem. Furthermore, as they largely depend on forest habitats and have limited dispersal capacities, shrews form an interesting model group to study biogeographic patterns in the Congo Basin. New information This paper collates the efforts on shrew research from the wider region around Kisangani, in the centre of the Congo Basin. Apart from sampling information, the dataset includes morphological measures, DNA sequences and photographs. This dataset is therefore critical in the study of the taxonomy and ecology of Soricidae in the Congo Basin lowland rainforests. RI Leirs, Herwig/B-8197-2008 OI Leirs, Herwig/0000-0002-7612-5024; Van de Perre, Frederik/0000-0002-0692-2060 SN 1314-2836 EI 1314-2828 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e46948 DI 10.3897/BDJ.7.e46948 UT WOS:000504753600001 PM 31885462 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Chen, PM AF Chen, Quan Chen, Pimao TI Changes in the heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbon contents in seawater and surface sediment in the year following artificial reef construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Marine pollution is an important driver of ocean biodiversity loss, which can be mitigated by the construction of artificial reefs (ARs). Many studies have explored how ARs affect marine organisms, but our understanding of the changes in heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons after AR construction is limited. In the current study, we assessed the heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon contents of the seawater (surface and bottom seawater) and surface sediment before and after AR construction in AR habitat and in nearby non-reef control habitat in the Pearl River Estuary, China. AR construction tended to decrease the contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Hg but tended to increase Zn content in seawater and in surface sediment. Petroleum hydrocarbon content changed irregularly in seawater and surface sediment. Effects of AR construction were similar in the nearby non-reef habitat vs. the AR habitat. Seawater heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon contents were correlated with the seawater physicochemical properties (mainly temperature, inorganic nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, available phosphate, and suspended particulate organic matter), and sediment heavy metal content was correlated with sediment organic matter content. Additional studies over longer time periods and at larger spatial scales are needed to clarify how AR construction affects heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon contents in marine environments. OI Chen, Quan/0000-0003-3209-5377 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 DI 10.1007/s11356-019-07406-x EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503669300001 PM 31863380 ER PT J AU Bastias, CC Truchado, DA Valladares, F Benavides, R Bouriaud, O Bruelheide, H Coppi, A Finer, L Gimeno, TE Jaroszewicz, B Scherer-Lorenzen, M Selvi, F De la Cruz, M AF Bastias, Cristina C. Truchado, Daniel A. Valladares, Fernando Benavides, Raquel Bouriaud, Olivier Bruelheide, Helge Coppi, Andrea Finer, Leena Gimeno, Teresa E. Jaroszewicz, Bogdan Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael Selvi, Federico De la Cruz, Marcelino TI Species richness influences the spatial distribution of trees in European forests SO OIKOS AB The functioning of plant communities is strongly influenced by the number of species in the community and their spatial arrangement. This is because plants interact with their nearest neighbors and this interaction is expected to be stronger when the interacting individuals are ecologically similar in terms of resource use. Recent evidence shows that species richness alters the balance of intra- versus interspecific competition, but the effect of species richness, and phylogenetic and functional diversity on the spatial pattern of the plant communities remain less studied. Even far, how forest stand structure derived from past management practices can influence the relationship between species richness and spatial pattern is still unknown. Here, we evaluate the spatial distribution of woody individuals (DBH >7.5 cm) in 209 forest stands (i.e. plots) with an increasing level of species richness (from 1 up to 10 species) in six forest types along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. We used completely mapped plots to investigate the spatial pattern in each forest stand with point pattern techniques. We fitted linear models to analyze the effect of species richness (positively correlated with phylogenetic diversity) and functional diversity on tree spatial arrangements. We also controled this relationship by forest type and stand structure as a proxy of the management legacy. Our results showed a generalized positive effect of species richness and functional diversity on the degree of spatial clustering of trees, and on the spatial independence of tree sizes regardless of the forest type. Moreover, current tree spatial arrangements were still conditioned by its history of management; however its effect was independent of the number of species in the community. Our study showed that species richness and functional diversity are relevant attributes of forests influencing the spatial pattern of plant communities, and consequently forest functioning. RI Jaroszewicz, Bogdan/AAC-8184-2020; Bruelheide, Helge/G-3907-2013 OI Bruelheide, Helge/0000-0003-3135-0356; Finer, Leena/0000-0001-7623-9374 SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 DI 10.1111/oik.06776 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503995600001 ER PT J AU Heneghan, L Westphal, LM Ross, KA Watkins, C Gobster, PH Iannone, BV Tudor, M Vining, J Wali, A Zellner, M Wise, DH AF Heneghan, Liam Westphal, Lynne M. Ross, Kristen A. Watkins, Cristy Gobster, Paul H. Iannone, Basil V. Tudor, Madeleine Vining, Joanne Wali, Alaka Zellner, Moira Wise, David H. TI Institutional Diversity in the Planning Process Yields Similar Outcomes for Vegetation in Ecological Restoration SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES AB Conservation organizations undertaking ecological restoration and the lands they manage constitute a social-ecological system (SES). We implemented SES analysis to examine the relationship between diversity in organizational structure and restoration planning processes, and vegetation outcomes on the ground. Understanding the restoration consequences of multiple approaches to planning and implementation is relevant to assessing the resilience of this SES, especially if disagreements about the effectiveness of some approaches lead to conflict in the socio-political arena. We studied 10 conservation organizations in the Chicago Wilderness region that are restoring Midwestern oak woodlands of global conservation concern. Despite the institutional diversity of these organizations, we found little relationship between restoration planning and vegetation outcomes. This result has implications for the resilience of restoration as an SES, since similar outcomes from diverse processes should increase resilience of this SES, especially when controversial restoration practices are employed, and when priorities and funding levels change. SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 DI 10.1080/08941920.2019.1703062 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504180200001 ER PT J AU Bouzir, TAK Berkouk, D Zemmouri, N AF Bouzir, Tallal Abdel Karim Berkouk, Djihed Zemmouri, Noureddine TI Evaluation and Analysis of the Algerian Oases Soundscape: Case of El Kantara and Sidi Okba SO ACOUSTICS AUSTRALIA AB The present research focuses on the soundscapes of two localities representative of the oasis cities of southeast Algeria, Sidi Okba and El Kantara, in order to define the nature of the soundscapes and the impact that road traffic can have on them. In this paper, the method of sound walks has been used in order to record the sound experience of city dwellers in pre-selected routes. The processing of these sound recordings with the S_TOOLS-STx software shows the diversity and the denaturation of the soundscapes in these two localities. The current nature of sounds and the exposure levels, especially in new urban centers, and the extinction of these oases could have a negative impact on the general comfort and health of the inhabitants and on the sensitive natural biodiversity of these fragile human settlements, increasing the risk of the syndrome of sick cities. SN 0814-6039 EI 1839-2571 DI 10.1007/s40857-019-00173-2 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503685700001 ER PT J AU Espinola, LA Abrial, E Rabuffetti, AP Simoes, NR Amsler, ML Blettler, MCM Eurich, MF Paira, AR AF Espinola, Luis A. Abrial, Elie Rabuffetti, Ana P. Simoes, Nadson R. Amsler, Mario L. Blettler, Martin C. M. Eurich, Maria F. Paira, Aldo R. TI Discrimination of hydrologic variations for spatial distribution of fish assemblage in a large subtropical temperate river SO ECOHYDROLOGY AB This study examines the effects of the flow and flood pulses on spatial dispersion of fish assemblages in the floodplain of the Parana River in Argentina. We tested the hypothesis that high water levels and greater lateral connectivity promote fish dispersal and spatial homogenization of assemblage structure. We sampled four sites during different phases of the annual hydrologic cycle from 2010 to 2016. Water surface in the area was estimated during each phase. We computed multivariate statistics and estimates of ss-diversity to analyse assemblage variations in relation to hydrological phases. Three hydrological phases were defined: low flow pulses (water levels between 2.3 and 3.2, approximately 10% of the floodplain covered by water), high flow pulses (between 3.2 and 4.5, from 11 to 84%), and floods (> 4.5 m, more than 84%). Although difference between high flow pulses and flood was not significant, ss-diversity values for these stages were higher than for low flow pulses. This suggests that floods and high flow pulses increase the spatial variability of fish assemblages, whereas homogenization processes occur later during low flow periods. This work provides further knowledge about the flood homogenization effect in a large unregulated floodplain where lateral connectivity still plays a significant role on ecological structuring processes. RI ; Blettler, Martin/K-3795-2017 OI Rabuffetti, Ana/0000-0003-0106-0876; Blettler, Martin/0000-0001-5837-5241 SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 AR e2163 DI 10.1002/eco.2163 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503735800001 ER PT J AU Greet, J Ede, F Robertson, D McKendrick, S AF Greet, Joe Ede, Fiona Robertson, Dan McKendrick, Scott TI Should I plant or should I sow? Restoration outcomes compared across seven riparian revegetation projects SO ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION AB To revegetate native plant communities, it is often cheaper to direct seed than to plant nursery-grown stock. However, the outcomes of direct seeding can be quite variable, and it is unclear whether direct seeding or planting is more likely to facilitate the restoration of diverse plant communities. To address this question, we compared the outcomes of each method across several recent riparian revegetation projects where both direct seeding and tube-stock planting were used. We surveyed riparian revegetation projects at seven sites within the greater Melbourne area that had been revegetated between 1 and 4 years previously. Sites were all on land previously used for agriculture or degraded public land and ranged in environmental and climatic conditions. Woody plant density, establishment of target species, species richness, species diversity (evenness) and plant heights were assessed. Direct seeding tended to result in higher plant densities and similar species richness, but lower rates of species establishment and diversity compared with planting. A median of 67% of target species established via direct seeding compared with 100% for planting, with direct seeded areas often dominated by one or two species. In general, overall revegetation outcomes were often driven by climatic and site factors, rather than revegetation method. We suggest that to achieve good restoration outcomes from revegetation in riparian areas, a bet-hedging or combined approach using both sowing and planting may be the best strategy. OI Greet, Joe/0000-0002-2434-4735 SN 1442-7001 EI 1442-8903 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 21 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1111/emr.12396 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503616800001 ER PT J AU Tikhonov, G Duan, L Abrego, N Newell, G White, M Dunson, D Ovaskainen, O AF Tikhonov, Gleb Duan, Li Abrego, Nerea Newell, Graeme White, Matt Dunson, David Ovaskainen, Otso TI Computationally efficient joint species distribution modeling of big spatial data SO ECOLOGY AB The ongoing global change and the increased interest in macroecological processes call for the analysis of spatially extensive data on species communities to understand and forecast distributional changes of biodiversity. Recently developed joint species distribution models can deal with numerous species efficiently, while explicitly accounting for spatial structure in the data. However, their applicability is generally limited to relatively small spatial data sets because of their severe computational scaling as the number of spatial locations increases. In this work, we propose a practical alleviation of this scalability constraint for joint species modeling by exploiting two spatial-statistics techniques that facilitate the analysis of large spatial data sets: Gaussian predictive process and nearest-neighbor Gaussian process. We devised an efficient Gibbs posterior sampling algorithm for Bayesian model fitting that allows us to analyze community data sets consisting of hundreds of species sampled from up to hundreds of thousands of spatial units. The performance of these methods is demonstrated using an extensive plant data set of 30,955 spatial units as a case study. We provide an implementation of the presented methods as an extension to the hierarchical modeling of species communities framework. RI Ovaskainen, Otso/D-9119-2012 OI Ovaskainen, Otso/0000-0001-9750-4421 SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 AR e02929 DI 10.1002/ecy.2929 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503768600001 PM 31725922 ER PT J AU Monaghan, KA Agostinho, CS Pelicice, FM Soares, AMVM AF Monaghan, Kieran A. Agostinho, Carlos S. Pelicice, Fernando M. Soares, Amadeu M. V. M. TI The impact of a hydroelectric dam on Neotropical fish communities: A spatio-temporal analysis of the Trophic Upsurge Hypothesis SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH AB We employed the trophic upsurge hypothesis as an analytical framework to describe the response of Neotropical fish communities to terrestrial inundation associated with river damming. Data were collected for the impact assessment of the Peixe Angical Dam, Tocantins River, Brazil. Monthly surveys were conducted at nine sites (seven upstream, two downstream) from 15 months before to 20 months after dam closure and a follow-up survey 60-83 months after closure. Fish responses differed in timing and magnitude across sites. In the new reservoir, populations peaked 8-13 months after flooding, demonstrating increases in richness (84 +/- 52%), biomass (329 +/- 266%) and abundance (681 +/- 348%) with the maxima for richness and abundance tending to precede biomass maxima. Populations of all families increased but were greatest for Engraulidae, Hemiodontidae, Serrasalmidae and Characidae, and lower for the benthic catfish: Sciaenidae, Dorididae, Pimelodidae. Downstream populations peaked 5-12 months after closure or showed consistent decline. Five years after dam-closure richness and abundance were lower compared to predam levels, with populations at all sites demonstrating an ongoing decline. Reservoir creation triggers reproductive recruitment and otherwise pools spatially disparate populations from across the flooded valley. If the rise in richness is largely explained by the increased catchability of species otherwise present prior to flooding, it may be more appropriate to estimate species loss with reference to upsurge data. As peak biomass coincides with declining richness, modelling fisheries production from annually aggregated data may risk overestimating the potential for sustainable harvests. Upsurge-response curves can help identify the timing of critical ecological thresholds for flood-managed fisheries. RI Soares, Amadeu/A-8304-2008 OI Soares, Amadeu/0000-0003-0879-9470 SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 DI 10.1111/eff.12522 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503614700001 ER PT J AU Singer, RA Ellis, S Page, LM AF Singer, Randal A. Ellis, Shari Page, Lawrence M. TI Awareness and use of biodiversity collections by fish biologists SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY AB A survey of 280 fish biologists from a diverse pool of disciplines was conducted in order to assess the use made of biodiversity collections and how collections can better collect, curate and share the data they have. From the responses, data for how fish biologists use collections, what data they find the most useful, what factors influence the decisions to use collections, how they access the data and explore why some fish biologists make the decision to not use biodiversity collections is collated and reported. The results of which could be used to formulate sustainability plans for collections administrators and staff who curate fish biodiversity collections, while also highlighting the diversity of data and uses to researchers. SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 DI 10.1111/jfb.14167 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503614300001 PM 31621077 ER PT J AU Mendonca, LMC Guimaraes, CRP Santos, RC Alves, DFR Barros-Alves, SP Silva, SLR Hirose, GL AF Mendonca, Luana M. C. Guimaraes, Carmen R. P. Santos, Rafael C. Alves, Douglas F. R. Barros-Alves, Samara P. Silva, Sonja L. R. Hirose, Gustavo L. TI Decapod crustaceans from the continental shelf of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil SO ZOOTAXA AB We evaluated the taxonomic composition of decapod crustaceans from the continental shelf of the Brazilian state of Sergipe. The specimens were collected during two field campaigns that covered the entire shelf length. at depths of 5-30 m. In the first campaign ("Petro-UFS"), four samplings took place between 1999-2000. In the second one ("Penaeid"), monthly samplings were carried out in 2013-2014, and covered an area at and between two important estuaries. Overall, we examined 74,387 decapod crustacean specimens. These specimens belonged to 27 families and 78 species, of which 26 species are newly recorded from Sergipe. Considering these results and previous records, Sergipe now has 121 species of marine decapod crustaceans, which represents only similar to 20% of the species recorded in the northern and northeastern Brazil. This gap indicates that the crustacean richness of Sergipe is probably underestimated and likely to increase with further samplings, especially on artificial rocky shores, rhodoliths and algae banks. small coralline formations, and other unexplored estuarine habitats. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 4712 IS 3 BP 301 EP 344 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.3.1 UT WOS:000503726200001 ER PT J AU Swierczewski, D Stroinski, A AF Swierczewski, Dariusz Stroinski, Adam TI Kelyflata gen. nov. adds to Selizini flatids in Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) SO ZOOTAXA AB A new genus of flatid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae), Kelyflata gen. nov., is described for Kelyflata capensis sp. nov. (type species) and Kelyflata ilakakae sp. nov. from the island of Madagascar. Habitus, male external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated. Kelyflata is probably endemic to Madagascar where it is known to date, only from a southern part of the island. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 4712 IS 3 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.3.9 UT WOS:000503726200009 ER PT J AU Rybicki, J Abrego, N Ovaskainen, O AF Rybicki, Joel Abrego, Nerea Ovaskainen, Otso TI Habitat fragmentation and species diversity in competitive communities SO ECOLOGY LETTERS AB Habitat loss is one of the key drivers of the ongoing decline of biodiversity. However, ecologists still argue about how fragmentation of habitat (independent of habitat loss) affects species richness. The recently proposed habitat amount hypothesis posits that species richness only depends on the total amount of habitat in a local landscape. In contrast, empirical studies report contrasting patterns: some find positive and others negative effects of fragmentation per se on species richness. To explain this apparent disparity, we devise a stochastic, spatially explicit model of competitive species communities in heterogeneous habitats. The model shows that habitat loss and fragmentation have complex effects on species diversity in competitive communities. When the total amount of habitat is large, fragmentation per se tends to increase species diversity, but if the total amount of habitat is small, the situation is reversed: fragmentation per se decreases species diversity. RI Ovaskainen, Otso/D-9119-2012 OI Ovaskainen, Otso/0000-0001-9750-4421; Rybicki, Joel/0000-0002-6432-6646 SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 DI 10.1111/ele.13450 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503625200001 PM 31863571 ER PT J AU Lucas-Borja, ME Delgado-Baquerizo, M AF Esteban Lucas-Borja, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel TI Plant diversity and soil stoichiometry regulates the changes in multifunctionality during pine temperate forest secondary succession SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB The shift in ecosystemmultifunctionality during ecosystem succession (years to decades) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used a 120-year-old pine temperate forest chronosequence (1: 1-19 years, stage 2: 20-39 years, stage 3: 40-59 years, stage 4: 60-79 years, stage 5: 80-99 years, stage 6: 100-120 years) to evaluate the role that time plays in shaping ecosystem multifunctionality (nutrient cycling, carbon stocks, water regulation, decomposition and wood production), and found that, over the first century, ecosystemfunctioning gradually increased every similar to 50 years. Such a result was maintained for individual groups of ecosystem functions and services including nutrient cycling, carbon stocks, decomposition and wood production. Plant diversity and soil stoichiometry (C:N ratio) were the major environmental predictors for the changes in ecosystem multifunctionality during forest secondary succession. Plant diversity increased during ecosystem succession andwas positively related to ecosystem multifunctionality. The soil C:Nratio decreased during ecosystem succession andwas negatively related tomultifunctionality. Our results suggest that increases in aboveground resource heterogeneity (higher plant diversity) and organic matter quality (lower soil C:N ratios) could help explain the increases in multifunctionality over a century of forest development. Our work illustrates the importance of time in shaping multifunctionality during the first century of ecosystem succession, and further provide important insights for the management of temperate forest ecosystems. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI /J-5363-2016 OI /0000-0001-6270-8408 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 697 AR UNSP 134204 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134204 UT WOS:000499668600071 PM 31491638 ER PT J AU Francini, RB Cordeiro, MC Omachi, CY Rocha, AM Bahiense, L Garcia, GD Tschoeke, D de Almeida, MG Rangel, TP De Oliveira, BCV de Almeida, DQR Menezes, R Mazzei, EF Joyeux, JC Rezende, CE Thompson, CC Thompson, FL AF Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B. Cordeiro, Marcelle C. Omachi, Claudia Y. Rocha, Andre M. Bahiense, Laura Garcia, Gizele D. Tschoeke, Diogo de Almeida, Marcelo G. Rangel, Thiago P. Vaz De Oliveira, Braulio Cherene de Almeida, Diogo Q. R. Menezes, Rafael Mazzei, Eric F. Joyeux, Jean-Christophe Rezende, Carlos E. Thompson, Cristiane C. Thompson, Fabiano L. TI Remote sensing, isotopic composition and metagenomics analyses revealed Doce River ore plume reached the southern Abrolhos Bank Reefs SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB On November 5th, 2015, the Fundao dam rupture released >50 million m(3) of ore tailings into the Doce River, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The huge volume of mud spread along the river and reached the sea, 17 days after the disaster, in Regencia, Espirito Santo State (ES). In 2018, after three years of the disaster, the impacts of the ore tailings in the marine environment are still unclear. This study aims to investigate possible short-term impacts in marine biodiversity caused by the ore tailings' mud over the reef ecosystems that are closest to the disaster area: i.e. recently discovered reefs in the southern Abrolhos Bank. A remote sensing surveillance including winds, sea surface temperature, total suspended material and watercolor (MODIS Aqua data) indicated that the iron tailings plume reached the southern portion of Abrolhos Bank on June 16th, 2016. Subsequently, to obtain further evidence of the presence of the tailings in the coral reefs, water samples were collected in a gradient spanning from the river estuary to the reefs in southern Abrolhos Bank, we also analyzed the isotopic and microbial composition of the samples, as well as the reef benthic composition. Despite no clues of negative impact on benthic (coral) communities, isotopic analysis confirmed the presence of the plume over the reefs area. This study serves as a baseline for future long-term impact assessments of the health of coral reefs in the Abrolhos Bank. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 697 AR UNSP 134038 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134038 UT WOS:000499668600112 ER PT J AU Liu, YX Zhao, WW Hua, T Wang, S Fu, BJ AF Liu, Yanxu Zhao, Wenwu Hua, Ting Wang, Shuai Fu, Bojie TI Slower vegetation greening faced faster social development on the landscape of the Belt and Road region SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB The thinking of landscape sustainability discussed thewin-win goal of landscape management for both ecological conservation and social development. The China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative has a pathway of green development towards sustainability, which could be benefited from a corporation on transnational landscape management. Although previous remote sensing observations showed that the ecosystem improvement and social development can coexist in most of the Belt and Road region, whether the change tendencies can be sustained have been neglected. Based on the continuous vegetation index, nighttime light and landcover datasets between 1980s-2010s, a detailed observation of the landscape evolution was obtained in this study. Depending on the identifications of temporal breakpoints, the time series was separated to identify the former and latter tendencies, and the evolution score were evaluated. The results showed that the vegetation greening trend weakened in nearly half of the region, and the arid region mostly experienced vegetation browning lately. The evolution patterns of ecological landscape and social landscape were coincided distributed in China and India, and in Southeast Asia was not scored high for both ecological conservation and social development. Consequently, we should not be overly optimistic about the synergy between ecosystem improvement and social development. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 697 AR UNSP 134103 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134103 UT WOS:000499668600080 PM 31476500 ER PT J AU Romano, S Di Salvo, M Rispoli, G Alifano, P Perrone, MR Tala, A AF Romano, Salvatore Di Salvo, Marco Rispoli, Gennaro Alifano, Pietro Perrone, Maria Rita Tala, Adelfia TI Airborne bacteria in the Central Mediterranean: Structure and role of meteorology and air mass transport SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB The 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach has been used to characterize the structure of the airborne bacterial community of PM10 samples, and investigate the dependence on meteorology, seasons, and long-range transported air masses. The PM10 samples were collected at a Central Mediterranean coastal site, away from large sources of local pollution. Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, which were found in all samples, were the most abundant phyla. Calothrix, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most abundant genera. The within-sample relative abundance (RA) of each phylum/genus varied from sample to sample. Calothrix was the most abundant genus during the advection of desert dust and Atlantic air masses, Pseudomonas was the most abundant genus when the advected air flows spent several hours over lands or close to lands affected by anthropogenic activities, before reaching the study site. The bacterial community richness and biodiversity of the PM10 samples on average increased from winter to spring, while the sample dissimilarity on average decreased from winter to spring. The spring meteorological conditions over the Mediterranean, which have likely contributed to maintain for longer time the bacterial community in the atmosphere, could have been responsible for the above results. The analysis of the presumptive species-level characterization of the airborne bacterial community has revealed that the abundance of human (opportunistic) pathogens was highly inhomogeneous among samples, without any significant change from winter to spring. We also found that the PM10 samples collected during the advection of desert dust and Atlantic air masses were on average the less enriched in human (opportunistic) pathogenic species. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Romano, Salvatore/0000-0001-5103-2537; Alifano, Pietro/0000-0003-3768-7275 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 697 AR UNSP 134020 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134020 UT WOS:000499668600004 PM 31491629 ER PT J AU Sanaei, A Li, MS Ali, A AF Sanaei, Anvar Li, Mingshi Ali, Arshad TI Topography, grazing, and soil textures control over rangelands' vegetation quantity and quality SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Topography, grazing disturbances, and soil textures are the main determining factors of natural herbaceous plant communities. Yet, while interesting efforts have been made to link topography, soil conditions, grazing disturbances, species diversity and aboveground biomass, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how soil textural properties and grazing disturbances co-vary along topographic gradients, and how they jointly shape vegetation quantity and quality in natural rangelands. In this study, we used abiotic and biotic datasets from 735 quadrats of natural rangelands located in the southern Alborz Province of Iran. We quantified topographic variables (i.e. elevation, slope, and aspect), grazing disturbance intensities, soil textural properties (i.e. gravel, sand, silt, and clay contents) as predictor (v)ariables. Vegetation quantity (i.e. aboveground biomass, vegetation coverage, and vegetation density) and quality (i.e. species richness, Shannon's diversity, and species evenness) variables were used as response variables. We used boosted regression trees (BRT) models for assessing the relative contribution and effects of multiple predictors on each response variable. We found that vegetation quantity and quality were jointly explained by topography, grazing disturbances, and soil textural properties. Vegetation quantity increased gradually or showed a hump-backed type pattern whereas vegetation quality decreased with elevation. Intensive grazing decreased vegetation quantity of shrubs and graminoids, which in turn determined the vegetation quantity of whole-community (i.e. all species). Higher vegetation quantity of shrubs was located on sandy soils while high vegetation quality was located on silty soils, whereas forbs and graminoids showed an opposite trend. Although the drivers of rangelands' vegetation quantity and quality are not mutually exclusive, the magnitude, shape and complexity of these relationships are highly dependent on plant growth forms. This study suggests that high grazing at lower elevation should be managed properly in order to conserve graminoids and to enhance their functioning in line with forbs and shrubs species. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Ali, Arshad/G-3988-2014; Li, Mingshi/AAD-6706-2020 OI Ali, Arshad/0000-0001-9966-2917; SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 697 AR UNSP 134153 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134153 UT WOS:000499668600095 PM 31479909 ER PT J AU Wang, HF Cai, Y Yang, Q Gong, YM Lv, GH AF Wang, Hengfang Cai, Yan Yang, Qi Gong, Yanming Lv, Guanghui TI Factors that alter the relative importance of abiotic and biotic drivers on the fertile island in a desert-oasis ecotone SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Dryland vegetation forms a "fertile island effect" due to water and nutrient retention. However, there has been little research on the mechanism underlying C-, N-, P-accumulation and overall fertile island at the community level. We therefore presented the systematic investigation on this issue through the survey in desert-oasis ecotone. The survey covering the vegetation composition, plant height, crown area and vegetation cover. The main parameters measured included soil moisture, soil pH, soil salinity and nine soil indicators related to C, N and P cycling. The results revealed that the effect of fertile island was directly relevant to either soil moisture or pH. This effect was more obvious with the increase of soil moisture and the decrease of pH value. In addition, the plant diversitywas believed to be the main biotic driven factor for fertile island. Furthermore, the results also indicated that both the soil moisture and plant diversity would accelerate the accumulation of P and N, while the pH played the negative effect. The other main observation obtained was that the vegetation cover had positive effect on accumulation of C. As a result, the mechanisms related to drought and salinization could drive the difference of C-, N- and P-accumulation. The main findings also provided an effective reference to better understand the mechanism of fertile island and its desertification procedure in desert-oasis ecotone. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 697 AR UNSP 134096 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134096 UT WOS:000499668600037 PM 31476494 ER PT J AU Wan, NF Chen, JQ Ji, XY Chacon-Labella, J Zhang, H Fan, NN Jiang, JX Li, B AF Wan, Nian-Feng Chen, Jiquan Ji, Xiang-Yun Chacon-Labella, Julia Zhang, Hao Fan, Neng-Neng Jiang, Jie-Xian Li, Bo TI Co-culture of multiple aquatic species enhances vegetable production in coastal Shanghai SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Global societies witnessed rapid increase in population and accelerating demand for vegetables from cities along the coastal areas (e.g., Shanghai). Development of "multiculture", "polyculture", or "co-culture" systems along the coastal areas in Southeast Asia in turn become a preferred choice for installing future aquaculture. To build much needed knowledge guiding the design, ecological benefits, and performances of these newly explored vegetable-aquaculture systems, we designed a nested block experiment and conducted a 3-year study of cauliflower-aquaculture farming on the island. We found that farming type significantly affected the arthropod herbivores and predators, including herbivore abundance and the abundance, species richness and Shannon's diversity of the predators. More importantly, farming type had a significant effect on insecticide use, cauliflower yield and economic returns. The reduction in insecticide use promoted predator diversity and cauliflower yield in co-cultured cauliflower aquaculture as indicated by a significantly negative relationship between amount of commercial insecticides and arthropod predator diversity, as well as between amount of commercial insecticide and cauliflower yield. We conclude that co-culture practice in cauliflower-aquaculture enhanced agricultural production while decreasing use of insecticide and herbivore abundance, and increasing the abundance and diversity of predators, vegetable yield and economic value. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD DEC 20 PY 2019 VL 241 AR UNSP 118419 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118419 UT WOS:000489275900122 ER PT J AU Malalla, ZH Al-Serri, AE AlAskar, HM Al-Kandari, WY Al-Bustan, SA AF Malalla, Zainab H. Al-Serri, Ahmad E. AlAskar, Huda M. Al-Kandari, Wafaa Y. Al-Bustan, Suzanne A. TI Sequence analysis and variant identification at the APOC3 gene locus indicates association of rs5218 with BMI in a sample of Kuwaiti's SO LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE AB Background: APOC3 is important in lipid transport and metabolism with limited studies reporting genetic sequence variations in specific ethnic groups. The present study aimed to analyze the full APOC3 sequence among Kuwaiti Arabs and test the association of selected variants with lipid levels and BMI. Methods: Variants were identified by Sanger sequencing the entire APOC3 gene in 100 Kuwaiti Arabs. Variants and their genotypes were fully characterized and used to construct haplotype blocks. Four variants (rs5128, rs2854117, rs2070668, KUAPOC3N3 g.5196 A > G) were selected for testing association with serum lipid levels and BMI in a cohort (n = 733). Results: APOC3 sequence (4.3 kb) of a Kuwaiti Arab was deposited in Genbank (accession number KJ437193). Forty-two variants including 3 novels were identified including an "A" insertion at genomic positions 116,700,599-116,700, 600 (promoter region) and two substitutions in intron 1 at genomic positions 116,700,819 and 116,701,159. Only three variants, (rs5128, rs2854117, and rs2070668) were analyzed for association of which rs5128 showed a trend for association with increased BMI, TG and VLDL levels that was further investigated using multivariate analysis. A significant association of rs5128 with BMI (p < 0.05) was observed following a dominant genetic model with increased risk by an OR of 4.022 (CI: 1.13-14.30). Conclusion: The present study is the first to report sequence analysis of APOC3 in an Arab ethnic group. This study supports the inclusion of rs5128 as a marker for assessing genetic risk to dyslipidemia and obesity and the inclusion of the novel variant g.5196 A > G for population stratification of Arabs. OI Al-Bustan, Suzanne/0000-0002-1260-4632 EI 1476-511X PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 18 IS 1 AR 224 DI 10.1186/s12944-019-1165-6 UT WOS:000510491100001 PM 31856839 ER PT J AU Esselstyn, JA Achmadi, AS Handika, H Giarla, TC Rowe, KC AF Esselstyn, Jacob A. Achmadi, Anang S. Handika, Heru Giarla, Thomas C. Rowe, Kevin C. TI A new climbing shrew from Sulawesi highlights the tangled taxonomy of an endemic radiation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB We describe a new species of Crocidura (Soricidae) from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, documenting its novelty with both genetic and morphological characters. The new species is widespread on the island, with vouchered records from nine general localities distributed among five of the island's areas of endemism. Morphologically, the new species is readily distinguished from all other described Sulawesi Crocidura by its intermediate body size, gray pelage, and long, hairy tail. The new species was mainly captured in pitfalls placed in the ground, but we also obtained evidence that it readily climbs trees and may be scansorial in its locomotor habits. Populations of the new species sampled from across the island are closely related, separated by < 0.02 uncorrected mitochondrial p-distances. The new species is one member of an endemic radiation of shrews on Sulawesi now known to contain six valid species and several undescribed species, all within the genus Crocidura. Resolution of species limits and phylogenetic relationships in this radiation is hindered by habitat loss at type localities, historical designation of new species using very small sample sizes, and a lack of genetic data from type specimens. SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1713 EP 1725 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyz077 UT WOS:000509546100003 ER PT J AU York, HA Rodriguez-Herrera, B Laval, RK Timm, RM AF York, Heather A. Rodriguez-Herrera, Bernal Laval, Richard K. Timm, Robert M. TI Field key to the bats of Costa Rica and Nicaragua SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB With more than 1,400 species of bats described worldwide, the order Chiroptera is second only to rodents in ecological and taxonomic diversity. Bats play critically important roles in natural systems as seed and pollen dispersers, predators of invertebrates and vertebrates, and sanguinivores. The Central American countries of Costa Rica and Nicaragua have at least 123 species of bats (in nine families and 66 genera), or nearly 10% of the world's known species. Because of the importance of proper species identification for ecological and systematic studies and conservation efforts, we present a dichotomous key to the bats of this region. Our goal is the positive, in-hand identification of living bats that may be released unharmed after identification. Identifying Neotropical bats and understanding the taxonomic changes that affect the names used for the various species over time can be a challenge. This key includes the 123 species known to occur in Costa Rica and Nicaragua as well as three that are expected to occur in these countries but which have not yet been recorded. We provide illustrations of key characters useful for differentiating bats to species and updated taxonomic notes to assist the reader in assessing the literature. SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1726 EP 1749 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyz150 UT WOS:000509546100004 ER PT J AU Zupancic, J Turk, M Crnigoj, M Avgustin, JA Gunde-Cimerman, N AF Zupancic, Jerneja Turk, Martina Crnigoj, Miha Avgustin, Jerneja Ambrozic Gunde-Cimerman, Nina TI The dishwasher rubber seal acts as a reservoir of bacteria in the home environment SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY AB Background: In modern lifestyles, people make their everyday tasks easier by using household appliances, for example dishwashers. Previous studies showed massive contamination of dishwasher rubber seals with fungi, thus bacterial community, able to survive under harsh conditions, remain undetermined. Methods: Bacteria that colonise the extreme environment of household dishwasher rubber seals were investigated using cultivation-dependent and metagenomic approaches. All bacterial isolates were tested for resistance to seven selected antibiotics. Same time bacterial diversity of tap water, connected to the dishwashers was investigated. Results: All 30 dishwashers investigated were colonised by various bacteria. Cultivation approaches resulted in 632 bacterial isolates in total, belonging to four phyla, eight classes, 40 genera and 74 species. The majority were Gram-positive, as solely Firmicutes (dominated by the Bacillus cereus group) and Actinobacteria. Gammaproteobacteria were primarily represented by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Metagenomic assessment of the bacterial biodiversity of the dishwasher rubber seals confirmed the predominance of Gram-positive bacteria, as primarily Actinobacteria, followed by Proteobacteria dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, and by pathogenic species such as Escherichia sp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterobacter sp.. Metagenomic assessment of bacterial biodiversity in the tap water connected to dishwashers revealed predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, in particular Proteobacteria, mainly represented by Tepidimonas sp.. Actinobacteria showed low numbers while no Firmicutes were detected in the tap water. The bacterial diversity of tap water was also lower, 23 genera compared to 39 genera on dishwasher rubber seals. Only 13 out of 49 genera identified by metagenomics approach was found in both environments, of those Gordonia was enriched while half of 13 genera were depleted in dishwashers compared to tap water. Conclusions: These data indicate that colonisation of dishwasher rubber seals probably depends primarily on the bacterial input from the dirty vessels, and much less on the bacteria in the tap water. Based on the antibiotic resistance data, the dishwasher rubber seal bacterial isolates do not represent a serious threat for the spread of antibiotic resistance into the household environment. Nevertheless dishwashers cannot be ignored as potential sources of human infections, in particular for immuno-compromised individuals. SN 1471-2180 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 19 IS 1 AR 300 DI 10.1186/s12866-019-1674-5 UT WOS:000509697600001 PM 31856722 ER PT J AU Abuzhalihan, J Wang, YT Adi, D Ma, YT Fu, ZY Yang, YN Ma, X Li, XM Liu, F Chen, BD AF Abuzhalihan, Jialin Wang, Yong-Tao Adi, Dilare Ma, Yi-Tong Fu, Zhen-Yan Yang, Yi-Ning Ma, Xiang Li, Xiao-Mei Liu, Fen Chen, Bang-Dang TI Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Students from Han, Uygur, and Kazakh Ethnic Groups in a Medical University in Xinjiang, China SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in students from different ethnic groups in Xinjiang. It is an observational, cross-sectional study. The sample of 7096 students aged 21-25 years was randomly selected from the clinic of Xinjiang Medical University. Baseline data, serum concentration of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were reported. The prevalence of changes in lipid profile according to Body mass index (BMI) in three ethnic groups was calculated. Compared with Han and Uygur students, TC, LDL-C, TG and FPG levels were lower in kazakh sutdents, while HDL-C level was lower in Uygur students. The prevalence of high TC change was higher in Uygur students, and high LDL-C change was higher in Han students. The prevalence of low HDL-C change was higher in Uygur students, and high TG change was lower in Kazakh students. The prevalence of high TC, LDL-C, TG and low HDL-C changes was observed in normal weight, overweight and obesity groups according to the nutritional status by BMI among students of each ethnic group. The present study demonstrated the prevalence of dyslipidemia in students from different ethnic groups, and enriched the limited data on the early prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases in Xinjiang medical students crowd. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19475 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55480-5 UT WOS:000508841800001 PM 31857621 ER PT J AU Caorsi, V Guerra, V Furtado, R Llusia, D Miron, LR Borges-Martins, M Both, C Narins, PM Meenderink, SWF Marquez, R AF Caorsi, Valentina Guerra, Vinicius Furtado, Raissa Llusia, Diego Roese Miron, Livia Borges-Martins, Marcio Both, Camila Narins, Peter M. Meenderink, Sebastiaan W. F. Marquez, Rafael TI Anthropogenic substrate-borne vibrations impact anuran calling SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Anthropogenic disturbance is a major cause of the biodiversity crisis. Nevertheless, the role of anthropogenic substrate vibrations in disrupting animal behavior is poorly understood. Amphibians comprise the terrestrial vertebrates most sensitive to vibrations, and since communication is crucial to their survival and reproduction, they are a suitable model for investigating this timely subject. Playback tests were used to assess the effects of substrate vibrations produced by two sources of anthropogenic activity-road traffic and wind turbines-on the calling activity of a naive population of terrestrial toads. In their natural habitat, a buried tactile sound transducer was used to emit simulated traffic and wind turbine vibrations, and changes in the toads' acoustic responses were analyzed by measuring parameters important for reproductive success: call rate, call duration and dominant frequency. Our results showed a significant call rate reduction by males of Alytes obstetricans in response to both seismic sources, whereas other parameters remained stable. Since females of several species prefer males with higher call rates, our results suggest that anthropogenically derived substrate-borne vibrations could reduce individual reproductive success. Our study demonstrates a clear negative effect of anthropogenic vibrations on anuran communication, and the urgent need for further investigation in this area. RI Borges-Martins, Marcio/I-3274-2012 OI Borges-Martins, Marcio/0000-0001-9328-5794 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19456 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55639-0 UT WOS:000508840800007 PM 31857629 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Carabello, M Hill, T He, K Friese, CR Mahajan, P AF Zhang, Xingyu Carabello, Maria Hill, Tyler He, Kevin Friese, Christopher R. Mahajan, Prashant TI Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Care and Health Outcomes Among Children in the United States SO FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS AB Background: There is an incomplete understanding of disparities in emergency care for children across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. In this project, we sought to investigate patterns in emergency care utilization, disposition, and resource use in children by race and ethnicity after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of emergency department (ED) data from the nationally representative National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Survey (NHAMCS), we examined multiple dimensions of ED care and treatment from 2005 to 2016 among children in the United States. The main outcomes include ED disposition (hospital admission, ICU admission, and in hospital death), resources utilization (medical imaging use, blood tests, and procedure use) and patient ED waiting times and total length of ED stay. The main exposure variable is race/ethnicity, categorized as non-Hispanic white (white), non-Hispanic black (Black), Hispanic, Asian, and Other. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Results: There were 78,471 pediatric (<= 18 years old) ED encounters, providing a weighted sample of 333,169,620 ED visits eligible for analysis. Black and Hispanic pediatric patients were 8% less likely (aOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.91-0.92) and 14% less likely (aOR 0.86, CI 0.86-0.86), respectively, than whites to have their care needs classified as immediate/emergent. Blacks and Hispanics were also 28 and 3% less likely, respectively, than whites to be admitted to the hospital following an ED visit (aOR 0.72, CI 0.72-0.72; aOR 0.97, CI 0.97-0.97). Blacks and Hispanics also experienced significantly longer wait times and overall visits as compared to whites. Conclusions: Black and Hispanic children faced disparities in emergency care across multiple dimensions of emergency care when compared to non-Hispanic white children, while Asian children did not demonstrate such patterns. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes and long-term health consequences of these divergent patterns of racial disparities in ED care within an increasingly racially diverse cohort of younger Americans. SN 2296-2360 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 7 AR 525 DI 10.3389/fped.2019.00525 UT WOS:000505219200001 PM 31956644 ER PT J AU Fjaellingsdal, KS Kloeckner, CA AF Fjaellingsdal, Kristoffer S. Kloeckner, Christian A. TI Gaming Green: The Educational Potential of Eco - A Digital Simulated Ecosystem SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY AB Research into the use of videogames in education is on the rise, and they are cementing their position as part of the modernized, digital classroom. Sustainability education has also become a subject of interest among environmentally minded game developers and understanding the educational impact of such games is rapidly becoming an important field. This study examined the educational potential of the digital simulated ecosystem known as Eco, in order to reveal how playing Eco might promote environmental consciousness surrounding ecosystems. Qualitative data from seven respondents were subjected to a thematic analysis, revealing two main themes that highlight both game-based learning outcomes as well as barriers against learning. The findings indicate that Eco is a viable tool for promoting some aspects of environmental consciousness about ecosystems, and suggestions for future implementation of Eco are provided. SN 1664-1078 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 2846 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02846 UT WOS:000505174400001 PM 31920875 ER PT J AU Shirey, V Seppala, S Branco, VV Cardoso, P AF Shirey, Vaughn Seppala, Sini Branco, Vasco Veiga Cardoso, Pedro TI Current GBIF occurrence data demonstrates both promise and limitations for potential red listing of spiders SO BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL AB Conservation assessments of hyperdiverse groups of organisms are often challenging and limited by the availability of occurrence data needed to calculate assessment metrics such as extent of occurrence (EOO). Spiders represent one such diverse group and have historically been assessed using primary literature with retrospective georeferencing. Here we demonstrate the differences in estimations of EOO and hypothetical IUCN Red List classifications for two extensive spider datasets comprising 479 species in total. The EOO were estimated and compared using literature-based assessments, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)-based assessments and combined data assessments. We found that although few changes to hypothetical IUCN Red List classifications occurred with the addition of GBIF data, some species (3.3%) which could previously not be classified could now be assessed with the addition of GBIF data. In addition, the hypothetical classification changed for others (1.5%). On the other hand, GBIF data alone did not provide enough data for 88.7% of species. These results demonstrate the potential of GBIF data to serve as an additional source of information for conservation assessments, complementing literature data, but not particularly useful on its own as it stands right now for spiders. RI Cardoso, Pedro/A-8820-2008 OI Cardoso, Pedro/0000-0001-8119-9960 SN 1314-2836 EI 1314-2828 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e47369 DI 10.3897/BDJ.7.e47369 UT WOS:000504753400001 PM 31885463 ER PT J AU Cucuzza, M Stoll, JS Leslie, HM AF Cucuzza, Marina Stoll, Joshua S. Leslie, Heather M. TI Comprehensive plans as tools for enhancing coastal community resilience SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AB Planning for change is critical to ensuring resilient coastal communities. In Maine, USA, the comprehensive planning process provides a platform for communities to articulate policies that address social, economic, and environmental issues. While comprehensive plans were initially required of municipalities to address urban sprawl over thirty years ago, a broad range of challenges face coastal communities today. Here, we report on an assessment of 30 comprehensive plans from coastal communities across the state. We analyzed the degree to which plans incorporate principles of social-ecological resilience. Our results reveal significant variability across comprehensive plans, with some communities addressing key indicators of resilience and others engaging with them in a limited way. By more explicitly incorporating principles of social-ecological resilience, the next-generation of comprehensive plans can be repurposed to serve as tools for communities to implement strategies that build adaptive capacity as they face unprecedented challenges and plan for a changing world. SN 0964-0568 EI 1360-0559 DI 10.1080/09640568.2019.1700943 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503950100001 ER PT J AU Shelamoff, V Layton, C Tatsumi, M Cameron, MJ Edgar, GJ Wright, JT Johnson, CR AF Shelamoff, Victor Layton, Cayne Tatsumi, Masayuki Cameron, Matthew J. Edgar, Graham J. Wright, Jeffrey T. Johnson, Craig R. TI Kelp patch size and density influence secondary productivity and diversity of epifauna SO OIKOS AB Habitat-forming ecosystem engineers are the foundation of many marine ecosystems where they support diverse and productive food-webs. A reduction in their patch size or density may affect the productivity, biodiversity and stability of these ecosystems. We determined the effects of different densities and patch sizes of Ecklonia radiata (the dominant kelp in southern Australia) on the secondary productivity, species richness, diversity and community structure of understory epifaunal invertebrates and how associated environmental covariates modified by kelp affected those patterns. We assessed sub-canopy epifauna across 28 artificial reefs with transplanted E. radiata consisting of seven different patch sizes (0.12-7.68 m(2)) crossed with four kelp densities (0-16 kelp m(-2)) over two years. Epifaunal secondary productivity associated with both natural algal and standardised rope fibre habitats decreased with patch size and was elevated when kelp was absent, however, it was also high in natural habitat when there was a high density of kelp. Epifaunal productivity was positively associated with sub-canopy light and water flow but negatively associated with the biomass of the dominant understory alga, Ulva sp. Epifaunal diversity declined with a reduction in reef size as did richness which correlated with a loss of algal species richness. Community structure of epifauna also differed between small and large reefs, between reefs with and without kelp, between rope habitats at the centre and at the edge of reefs, and within natural habitat between reefs supporting high and low densities of kelp. Overall, these results indicate complex effects of E. radiata decline on epifaunal communities, with high secondary productivity associated with dense kelp stands, but also areas without kelp that are dominated by turf algae. While the loss of standing kelp from rocky reefs may result in declines in epifaunal biodiversity, where turf algae replaces kelp, the reefs may still support high secondary productivity. RI Layton, Cayne/J-8443-2013 OI Layton, Cayne/0000-0002-3390-6437 SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 DI 10.1111/oik.06585 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000504046800001 ER PT J AU Carballo, JL Yanez, B Bautista-Guerrero, E Garcia-Gomez, JC Espinosa, F Tortolero-Langarica, JJA Michel-Morfin, JE AF Luis Carballo, Jose Yanez, Benjamin Bautista-Guerrero, Eric Carlos Garcia-Gomez, Jose Espinosa, Free Tortolero-Langarica, Jose J. A. Emilio Michel-Morfin, Jesus TI Decimation of a population of the endangered species Scutellastra mexicana (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Marias Island (Eastern Ocean Pacific) Biosphere Reserve SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AB Scutellastra mexicana is the largest known patellid limpet species and probably is one of the most endangered marine invertebrates. The species was once distributed along the American Pacific coast from Mexico to Peru, but their large size (up to 35 cm long) and easy accessibility (shallow sublittoral), made it very vulnerable to human collection and now is extinct on most of the mainland Mexican coast. In August 2017, a large population of this species was found on Maria Cleofas island, off the coast of west-central Mexico (Marias Archipelago, Pacific Ocean). This constitutes the only report of a population of this species since 1988. A total of 808 adult individuals of up to 26 cm in length and 20 cm in width were estimated, together with the presence of juveniles, suggesting that it is a self-sustaining population. The population was monitored in August 2017 and August 2018. Although the species is under the category 'Special Protection' in the General Mexican Wild Law, and that Maria Cleofas island is a Biosphere Reserve, fishermen that operate with impunity in the area decimated the limpet population within a year of its discovery. Abundance in the shallowest area decreased significantly from 120 individuals per transect (65 m long and 2.75 m wide) in August 2017 to 48 individuals in August 2018, and the estimated adult population decreased from 808 to 304 limpets. Neither passive national conservation policies nor local practices have reduced current threats to biodiversity and resource depletion in Marias Archipelago. Protected areas like this are 'paper parks'-parks in name only-because there is no active conservation strategy or protection of marine species. RI Espinosa, Free/H-8963-2015 OI Espinosa, Free/0000-0002-1409-5106; Bautista-Guerrero, Eric/0000-0002-4975-1767 SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1002/aqc.3239 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503762300001 ER PT J AU Nichols, SJ Kefford, BJ Campbell, CD Bylemans, J Chandler, E Bray, JP Shackleton, M Robinson, KL Carew, ME Furlan, EM AF Nichols, Susan J. Kefford, Ben J. Campbell, Catriona D. Bylemans, Jonas Chandler, Eloise Bray, Jonathan P. Shackleton, Michael Robinson, Katie L. Carew, Melissa E. Furlan, Elise M. TI Towards routine DNA metabarcoding of macroinvertebrates using bulk samples for freshwater bioassessment: Effects of debris and storage conditions on the recovery of target taxa SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB Macroinvertebrates are commonly sampled for bioassessment of freshwater ecosystems. However, current bioassessment protocols involve laborious sorting of the animals from the debris (sample matrix) and morphological identification, where species level identifications are often difficult. DNA metabarcoding has the potential to improve bioassessment by reducing the time taken to process samples and improve the accuracy and speed of macroinvertebrate species identification. In this study, we evaluated DNA metabarcoding of macroinvertebrate samples, which include macroinvertebrates and the debris collected in the sample nets, to test if bulk, unsorted samples can be used to assess macroinvertebrate diversity. First, we tested if the sample matrix prevented the detection of six target macroinvertebrate taxa when DNA metabarcoding. Second, we tested if sample storage influenced the detection of the same six target macroinvertebrates. We also explored different levels of replication at the sample, sub-sample, and polymerase chain reaction levels and compared the overall macroinvertebrate families detected using DNA metabarcoding to those identified morphologically. We found that the presence of the sample matrix did not interfere with or inhibit the detection of the six target macroinvertebrate taxa. Furthermore, we found that the various sample storage methods did not affect target macroinvertebrate detection. The reliability of detection of the target macroinvertebrates improved as hierarchical levels of replication were combined. We found strong overlap between the detection of overall macroinvertebrate family diversity when comparing DNA metabarcoding to morphological identification. Extracting DNA from the bulk macroinvertebrate samples that included the sample matrix and using this for DNA metabarcoding could improve bioassessment by removing the need for laborious sorting of samples. Furthermore, DNA metabarcoding detection of the six target taxa was not dependent on sample storage of up to 1 year in 95% ethanol, at room temperature or after heating. DNA metabarcoding had the advantage of identifying macroinvertebrate species, but good DNA barcode libraries are needed for widespread species identifications. Further investigation should focus on including multiple samples with different macroinvertebrate composition and densities to refine and standardise bulk sample processing protocols, and on building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries for aquatic macroinvertebrates. OI Kefford, Ben/0000-0001-6789-4254; Nichols, Susan J./0000-0002-3553-8009; Shackleton, Michael/0000-0002-8752-3167 SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 DI 10.1111/fwb.13443 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503795500001 ER PT J AU Brooks, A Francis, RA AF Brooks, Andrew Francis, Robert A. TI Succeeding from nature: The non-human agency of Portuguese cork SO GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL AB Non-human life has economic agency. It acts on the cultural values of products. Naturalness is an important, yet ambiguous, property in the market and imbues vibrant materials with organic, healthy, traditional, and other contingent properties. However, "natural" products can be succeeded in form and function by "synthetic" alternatives. Their value is further affected by non-humans. Our signal case explores Portuguese cork bark, an agroforestry product grown in the montado, a biodiverse managed mosaic landscape of forestry and farming. The natural value of cork bottle stoppers is associated with their effect on wine flavour. Oxygen-permeable cork enables beneficial ageing to enhance flavour, whereas cork contaminated with taint degrades wine. Synthetic stoppers recreate the form and function of corks without being a vector for contamination. A succession from natural cork stoppers to reliable artificial polyethylene corks led to a decline in demand for cork bark and negative impacts on montado biodiversity. Yet here we demonstrate that such successions can be reversed as the affective properties of cork bark products became revalued with improvements in manufacturing, increasing concern for environmental sustainability, and rising consumer demand for natural products. This leads us to explore further the dynamics between natural goods and synthetic replacements. We argue that rather than being two discrete domains of reality, natural and artificial products are both co-produced through assemblages of human and non-human action. Understanding succession between "natural" and "artificial" products enables new insights into the geographies of non-human agency. OI Francis, Robert/0000-0002-4598-0861 SN 0016-7398 EI 1475-4959 DI 10.1111/geoj.12335 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503964700001 ER PT J AU Lai, HL AF Lai, Huei-ling TI Collocation analysis of news discourse and its ideological implications SO PRAGMATICS AB This study investigates the use of an ethnic term in news discourse from linguistic, discursive, and social-cultural aspects. A more rigorous computational procedure than hitherto used is employed to measure the collocational strength of collocates in news corpora. The results indicate diversified distributions of the collocates regarding their frequency, distance, and semantic connections. The findings enhance the meaning specificity of the term by revealing the characterized reference of this ethnic group, the trends in the choice of news topics, and the ideological representation of this ethnic group in a wider social-cultural context. The findings deepen an understanding of news discourse as the representations of the minority ethnicity in the news media are analyzed through three layers - the linguistic, the discursive, and the social-cultural context. A more precise method of analyzing news texts uncovers ideological effects brought about by media, in turn implying different construal of newsworthiness in news discourse. SN 1018-2101 PD DEC 19 PY 2019 VL 29 IS 4 BP 545 EP 570 DI 10.1075/prag.17028.lai UT WOS:000503867200004 ER PT J AU Watson, CJ Carignan-Guillemette, L Turcotte, C Maire, V Proulx, R AF Watson, Christopher J. Carignan-Guillemette, Leonie Turcotte, Caroline Maire, Vincent Proulx, Raphael TI Ecological and economic benefits of low-intensity urban lawn management SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY AB Intensive management of urban lawns is globally widespread, predominantly for aesthetic reasons. However, a growing body of knowledge demonstrates negative ecological and environmental effects of this practice. We present a meta-analysis of North American and European studies from 2004 to 2019, which incorporates three previously unpublished datasets from eastern Canada, to investigate how mowing intensity impacts the ecology of urban lawns. The meta-analysis provides aggregated evidence that invertebrate and plant diversity is lower in urban lawns under increased mowing intensity. This decline is independent of the level of contrast between mowing 'treatment' and 'control' (e.g. height or frequency of mowing), which differed considerably between studies. Intensive mowing also increases the occurrence of pest species (e.g. herbivorous beetle larvae and allergenic plants), though studies in this group were limited to northern environments. Changes in ecosystem-level variables (soil temperature, soil moisture deficit and carbon deficit) were less evident and suggest changes in abiotic processes may take longer to become apparent. An economic case study of the mowing costs in Trois-Rivieres, Canada, suggests that cost savings of 36% may be possible with a modest reduction of mowing frequency. Synthesis and Applications. Increasing urban biodiversity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are strong motivators for reducing lawn management intensity. We also suggest that the benefits of reducing pest species while saving lawn management costs may provide additional social and economic incentives for decision makers to review urban greenspace management practices. OI Watson, Christopher/0000-0003-3320-431X SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 57 IS 2 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.13542 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503249200001 ER PT J AU Chesters, D AF Chesters, Douglas TI The phylogeny of insects in the data-driven era SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY AB Maturation of omics and DNA barcode programs along with advances in sequence analysis tools and phyloinformatics protocols are enabling the realization of comprehensive and robust phylogenies of even the most diverse lineages. Several lineages in insects have undergone hyper-radiations, and thus a unified picture of their evolution is ultimately required for understanding the process of diversification. In this study I further develop informatics protocols for de novo phylogenetic construction, and present the most species-comprehensive insect phylogeny to date, constructed hierarchically using c. 440 transcriptomes, 1490 mitogenomes, DNA barcodes for 69 000 species, and several additional species-rich markers. Even with this expanded transcriptome backbone, support is still insufficient for some historically problematic nodes, particularly in Polyneoptera and Paraneoptera. Low support (measured by internode certainty) was observed for the node separating Dictyoptera from its sister polyneopeterans; configuration of the Paraneoptera was not resolved; the recently proposed Hymenoptera grouping Eusymphyta received high support, while Parasitoida did not; and Orthorrhapha (Diptera) was not recovered. Sampling is uneven across the insects, and while highly sequenced lineages (e.g. Lepidoptera) boast greater information content, this accompanies computational burdens. The protocol and resulting tree represent an advance in the analytic and phylogenetic framework, for an objectively and consistently determined species-comprehensive phylogeny. SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 DI 10.1111/syen.12414 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503337100001 ER PT J AU Mataruga, M Piotti, A Danicic, V Cvjetkovic, B Fussi, B Konnert, M Vendramin, GG Aleksic, JM AF Mataruga, Milan Piotti, Andrea Danicic, Vanja Cvjetkovic, Branislav Fussi, Barbara Konnert, Monika Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe Aleksic, Jelena M. TI Towards the dynamic conservation of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika) western populations SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE AB Key message High levels of genetic diversity, pronounced genetic structure and limitations to gene flow in Serbian spruce, a rare and endangered tree species from the refugial Balkan region, point towards a "one population-one unit" strategy for assembling a network of Genetic Conservation Units (GCUs) for its dynamic conservation. On the other hand, genetic information also permits to prioritize populations for conservation based on their contribution to genetic diversity and differentiation. Context Serbian spruce, Picea omorika (Panc.) Purk., is a rare, IUCN red-listed European conifer endemic to the Balkan region. Its current rigid conservation (without any intervention allowed in similar to 30 remnant populations) and the extant network of Genetic Conservation Units (four natural populations and three planted stands from the western part of the species range, in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, RS-BH) might be ineffective in preserving the species' genetic diversity. Aims To facilitate implementation of dynamic conservation of Serbian spruce by re-assessing the number and size of remnant populations in RS-BH and updating genetic knowledge on these understudied western Serbian spruce populations. Methods Comprehensive field survey in RS-BH, genotyping 689 individuals from 14 western populations with ten highly informative nuclear EST-SSRs and analytical methods for prioritizing populations for conservation based on their contribution to the geographical structuring of genetic diversity. Results The genetic diversity of western Serbian spruce populations (Ae = 2.524, H-E = 0.451) is comparable with what was found for eastern ones; they are highly genetically differentiated (Hedrick's G'(ST) = 0.186; Jost's D = 0.097) and comprise ten distinct gene pools. Effective population size is often >= 15. As much as 14% of alleles is not preserved in the extant GCUs established in natural populations. Eight populations positively contribute to within-population genetic diversity, four to genetic differentiation, and two are globally important in terms of diversity and differentiation. Although wildfires may contribute to admixture of different gene pools, re-establishment from seeds from extirpated populations has likely prevailed in studied populations. Conclusions A larger network of GCUs is required for the dynamic conservation of western Serbian spruce populations. A "one population-one unit" strategy, with 14 GCUs, would represent the safest approach to conserve species extant genetic variation in this part of the species range. Nonetheless, a strategy to prioritize populations for conservation based on their contribution to allelic diversity has been put forward. Given the rapid global warming and peculiarities of Serbian spruce distribution, habitat and life history traits, conservation measures based on a rigorously designed GCU network are urgent for its rescue and survival. SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD DEC 18 PY 2019 VL 77 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1007/s13595-019-0892-1 UT WOS:000511680200001 ER PT J AU O'Callaghan, FE Neilson, R MacFarlane, SA Dupuy, LX AF O'Callaghan, Felicity E. Neilson, Roy MacFarlane, Stuart A. Dupuy, Lionel X. TI Dynamic biospeckle analysis, a new tool for the fast screening of plant nematicide selectivity SO PLANT METHODS AB Background: Plant feeding, free-living nematodes cause extensive damage to plant roots by direct feeding and, in the case of some trichodorid and longidorid species, through the transmission of viruses. Developing more environmentally friendly, target-specific nematicides is currently impeded by slow and laborious methods of toxicity testing. Here, we developed a bioactivity assay based on the dynamics of light 'speckle' generated by living cells and we demonstrate its application by assessing chemicals' toxicity to different nematode trophic groups. Results: Free-living nematode populations extracted from soil were exposed to methanol and phenyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). Biospeckle analysis revealed differing behavioural responses as a function of nematode feeding groups. Trichodorus nematodes were less sensitive than were bacterial feeding nematodes or non-trichodorid plant feeding nematodes. Following 24 h of exposure to PEITC, bioactivity significantly decreased for plant and bacterial feeders but not for Trichodorus nematodes. Decreases in movement for plant and bacterial feeders in the presence of PEITC also led to measurable changes to the morphology of biospeckle patterns. Conclusions: Biospeckle analysis can be used to accelerate the screening of nematode bioactivity, thereby providing a fast way of testing the specificity of potential nematicidal compounds. With nematodes' distinctive movement and activity levels being visible in the biospeckle pattern, the technique has potential to screen the behavioural responses of diverse trophic nematode communities. The method discriminates both behavioural responses, morphological traits and activity levels and hence could be used to assess the specificity of nematicidal compounds. EI 1746-4811 PD DEC 18 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 1 AR 155 DI 10.1186/s13007-019-0523-8 UT WOS:000510637100001 PM 31889979 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Rubio, O Daher, C Fanjul, G Gascon, M Mueller, N Pajin, L Plasencia, A Rojas-Rueda, D Thondoo, M Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ AF Ramirez-Rubio, Oriana Daher, Carolyn Fanjul, Gonzalo Gascon, Mireia Mueller, Natalie Pajin, Leire Plasencia, Antoni Rojas-Rueda, David Thondoo, Meelan Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. TI Urban health: an example of a "health in all policies" approach in the context of SDGs implementation SO GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH AB Background: Cities are an important driving force to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the New Urban Agenda. The SDGs provide an operational framework to consider urbanization globally, while providing local mechanisms for action and careful attention to closing the gaps in the distribution of health gains. While health and well-being are explicitly addressed in SDG 3, health is also present as a pre condition of SDG 11, that aims at inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities. Health in All Policies (HiAP) is an approach to public policy across sectors that systematically takes into account the health implications of decisions, seeks synergies, and avoids harmful health impacts in order to improve population health and health equity. HiAP is key for local decision-making processes in the context of urban policies to promote public health interventions aimed at achieving SDG targets. HiAPs relies heavily on the use of scientific evidence and evaluation tools, such as health impact assessments (HIAs). HIAs may include city-level quantitative burden of disease, health economic assessments, and citizen and other stakeholders' involvement to inform the integration of health recommendations in urban policies. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)'s Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative provides an example of a successful model of translating scientific evidence into policy and practice with regards to sustainable and healthy urban development. The experiences collected through ISGlobal's participation implementing HIAs in several cities worldwide as a way to promote HiAP are the basis for this analysis. Aim: The aim of this article is threefold: to understand the links between social determinants of health, environmental exposures, behaviour, health outcomes and urban policies within the SDGs, following a HiAP rationale; to review and analyze the key elements of a HiAP approach as an accelerator of the SDGs in the context of urban and transport planning; and to describe lessons learnt from practical implementation of HIAs in cities across Europe, Africa and Latin-America. Methods: We create a comprehensive, urban health related SDGs conceptual framework, by linking already described urban health dimensions to existing SDGs, targets and indicators. We discuss, taking into account the necessary conditions and steps to conduct HiAP, the main barriers and opportunities within the SDGs framework. We conclude by reviewing HIAs in a number of cities worldwide (based on the experiences collected by co-authors of this publication), including city-level quantitative burden of disease and health economic assessments, as practical tools to inform the integration of health recommendations in urban policies. Results: A conceptual framework linking SDGs and urban and transportplanning, environmental exposures, behaviour and health outcomes, following a HiAP rationale, is designed. We found at least 38 SDG targets relevant to urban health, corresponding to 15 SDGs, while 4 important aspects contained in our proposed framework were not present in the SDGs (physical activity, noise, quality of life or social capital). Thus, a more comprehensive HiAP vision within the SDGs could be beneficial. Our analysis confirmed that the SDGs framework provides an opportunity to formulate and implement policies with a HiAP approach. Three important aspects are highlighted: 1) the importance of the intersectoral work and health equity as a cross-cutting issue in sustainable development endeavors; 2) policy coherence, health governance, and stakeholders' participation as key issues; and 3) the need for high quality data. HIAs are a practical tool to implement HiAP. Opportunities and barriers related to the political, legal and health governance context, the capacity to inform policies in other sectors, the involvement of different stakeholders, and the availability of quality data are discussed based on our experience. Quantitative assessments can provide powerful data such as: estimates of annual preventable morbidity and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) under compliance with international exposure recommendations for physical activity, exposure to air pollution, noise, heat, and access to green spaces; the associated economic impacts in health care costs per year; and the number of preventable premature deaths when improvements in urban and transport planning are implemented. This information has been used to support the design of policies that promote cycling, walking, public, zero and low-emitting modes of transport, and the provision of urban greening or healthy public open spaces in Barcelona (e.g. Urban Mobility, Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity Plans, or the Superblocks's model), the Bus Rapid Transit and Open Streets initiatives in several Latin American cities or targeted SDGs assessments in Morocco. Conclusions: By applying tools such as HIA, HiAP can be implemented to inform and improve transport and urban planning to achieve the 2030 SDG Agenda. Such a framework could be potentially used in cities worldwide, including those of less developed regions or countries. Data availability, taking into account equity issues, strenghtening the communication between experts, decision makers and citizens, and the involvement of all major stakeholders are crucial elements for the HiAP approach to translate knowledge into SDG implementation. OI Rojas-Rueda, David/0000-0001-5854-2484; Ramirez Rubio, Oriana/0000-0002-8332-3264; Mueller, Natalie/0000-0002-8456-2339 EI 1744-8603 PD DEC 18 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 1 AR 87 DI 10.1186/s12992-019-0529-z UT WOS:000510470000003 PM 31856877 ER PT J AU Calizza, E Rossi, L Careddu, G Caputi, SS Costantini, ML AF Calizza, Edoardo Rossi, Loreto Careddu, Giulio Caputi, Simona Sporta Costantini, Maria Letizia TI Species richness and vulnerability to disturbance propagation in real food webs SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB A central issue in ecology is understanding how complex and biodiverse food webs persist in the face of disturbance, and which structural properties affect disturbance propagation among species. However, our comprehension of assemblage mechanisms and disturbance propagation in food webs is limited by the multitude of stressors affecting ecosystems, impairing ecosystem management. By analysing directional food web components connecting species along food chains, we show that increasing species richness and constant feeding linkage density promote the establishment of predictable food web structures, in which the proportion of species co-present in one or more food chains is lower than what would be expected by chance. This reduces the intrinsic vulnerability of real food webs to disturbance propagation in comparison to random webs, and suggests that biodiversity conservation efforts should also increase the potential of ecological communities to buffer top-down and bottom-up disturbance in ecosystems. The food web patterns observed here have not been noticed before, and could also be explored in non-natural networks. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 18 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19331 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55960-8 UT WOS:000507585600001 PM 31852953 ER PT J AU Farrer, EC Porazinska, DL Spasojevic, MJ King, AJ de Mesquita, CPB Sartwell, SA Smith, JG White, CT Schmidt, SK Suding, KN AF Farrer, Emily C. Porazinska, Dorota L. Spasojevic, Marko J. King, Andrew J. de Mesquita, Clifton P. Bueno Sartwell, Samuel A. Smith, Jane G. White, Caitlin T. Schmidt, Steven K. Suding, Katharine N. TI Soil Microbial Networks Shift Across a High-Elevation Successional Gradient SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB While it is well established that microbial composition and diversity shift along environmental gradients, how interactions among microbes change is poorly understood. Here, we tested how community structure and species interactions among diverse groups of soil microbes (bacteria, fungi, non-fungal eukaryotes) change across a fundamental ecological gradient, succession. Our study system is a high-elevation alpine ecosystem that exhibits variability in successional stage due to topography and harsh environmental conditions. We used hierarchical Bayesian joint distribution modeling to remove the influence of environmental covariates on species distributions and generated interaction networks using the residual species-to-species variance-covariance matrix. We hypothesized that as ecological succession proceeds, diversity will increase, species composition will change, and soil microbial networks will become more complex. As expected, we found that diversity of most taxonomic groups increased over succession, and species composition changed considerably. Interestingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, interaction networks became less complex over succession (fewer interactions per taxon). Interactions between photosynthetic microbes and any other organism became less frequent over the gradient, whereas interactions between plants or soil microfauna and any other organism were more abundant in late succession. Results demonstrate that patterns in diversity and composition do not necessarily relate to patterns in network complexity and suggest that network analyses provide new insight into the ecology of highly diverse, microscopic communities. RI Schmidt, Steven K/G-2771-2010; Farrer, Emily/AAD-4639-2020; de Mesquita, Clifton Bueno/AAA-6180-2019 OI Schmidt, Steven K/0000-0002-9175-2085; Farrer, Emily/0000-0001-8003-8831; de Mesquita, Clifton Bueno/0000-0002-2565-7100 SN 1664-302X PD DEC 18 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 2887 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02887 UT WOS:000504977300001 PM 31921064 ER PT J AU Vinson, JE Park, AW AF Vinson, John E. Park, Andrew W. TI Vector-borne parasite invasion in communities across space and time SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB While vector-borne parasite transmission often operates via generalist-feeding vectors facilitating cross-species transmission in host communities, theory describing the relationship between host species diversity and parasite invasion in these systems is underdeveloped. Host community composition and abundance vary across space and time, generating opportunities for parasite invasion. To explore how host community variation can modify parasite invasion potential, we develop a model for vector-borne parasite transmission dynamics that includes a host community of arbitrary richness and species' abundance. To compare invasion potential across communities, we calculate the community basic reproductive ratio of the parasite. We compare communities comprising a set of host species to their subsets, which allows for flexible scenario building including the introduction of novel host species and species loss. We allow vector abundance to scale with, or be independent of, community size, capturing regulation by feeding opportunities and non-host effects such as limited oviposition sites. Motivated by equivocal data relating host species competency to abundance, we characterize plausible host communities via phenomenological relationships between host species abundance and competency. We identify an underappreciated mechanism whereby changes to communities simultaneously alter average competency and the vector to host ratio and demonstrate that the interaction can profoundly influence invasion potential. OI Vinson, John/0000-0003-4319-6851; Park, Andrew/0000-0003-4080-7274 SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 PD DEC 18 PY 2019 VL 286 IS 1917 AR 20192614 DI 10.1098/rspb.2019.2614 UT WOS:000504313100016 PM 31847769 ER PT J AU Feinstein, NW Mach, KJ AF Feinstein, N. W. Mach, K. J. TI Three roles for education in climate change adaptation SO CLIMATE POLICY AB Education, appropriately conceived, can be a powerful tool in enabling effective adaptation to climate change. In this article, we identify three distinct but overlapping policy uses. First, protecting and deploying education infrastructure, the social and material resources on which education depends, can reduce vulnerability and build resilience. Second, improving general education, measured in terms of literacy, school attendance, and overall academic attainment, can enhance adaptive capacity. Third, research-based adaptation learning support can accelerate social and policy change by maximizing learning before and during adaptive decision-making. Although all three are important, the unique and transformative contribution of education lies in adaptation learning support: curricular, pedagogical, and technological resources that prepare people for complex adaptive decision-making and help them solidify learning during that work. As human societies seek to balance the old social mechanisms that ensure stability with new ones that facilitate change, our capacity to systematically support the learning that undergirds adaptation may be the limiting factor. Key policy insights The value of education for climate change adaptation policy has been limited by vague definitions and poor cross-field communication. Education supports climate change adaptation through three distinct but overlapping pathways, each offering concrete policy options: education infrastructure, general education, and adaptation learning support. The greatest value of education lies in the transformative potential of adaptation learning support: curricular, pedagogical, and technological resources that prepare people for complex adaptive decision-making and help them solidify learning during that work. SN 1469-3062 EI 1752-7457 DI 10.1080/14693062.2019.1701975 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503527300001 ER PT J AU Bohm, S Spierenburg, M Lang, T AF Bohm, Steffen Spierenburg, Marja Lang, Tim TI Fruits of our labour: Work and organisation in the global food system SO ORGANIZATION AB This is the first special issue of any organisation studies journal on food labour. Why is this a big deal? In this Introduction, we argue that the field should pay much more attention to the agri-food system and the work that goes into producing, distributing and consuming foodstuff. Food is such an all-important, basic ingredient to human existence, incorporating a vast web of organisational processes that are constantly changing, being contested at all scales. Whether subsistence peasants, new-age community foodies, massive food logistics companies, Deliveroo dark kitchens or Uber Eats cyclists - there is a huge amount of labour everywhere in the agri-food system. Food labour is so vast, this special issue can only begin lifting the lid. In this Introduction, we provide an overview of the current scholarly work on food labour. We identify some of the historical contexts and struggles that have led to the agri-food system in existence today. We identify food labour types, particularly focusing on those that are vanishing or emerging, crucially asking why these transitions are taking place. We also engage with the various resistances expressed by people against the ever globalising agri-food system, outlining logics for the emergence of alternative food movements. Finally, we introduce each of the seven papers collated in this Special Issue, all of which, we hope, will provide food for thought to all of us who tend to have three meals a day without thinking too much about the labour that goes into our grub. RI Boehm, Steffen/K-6217-2013 OI Boehm, Steffen/0000-0002-0888-1362 SN 1350-5084 EI 1461-7323 AR 1350508419888901 DI 10.1177/1350508419888901 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503589400001 ER PT J AU Feng, X Thompson, SE Woods, R Porporato, A AF Feng, Xue Thompson, Sally E. Woods, Ross Porporato, Amilcare TI Quantifying Asynchronicity of Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration in Mediterranean Climates SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB Recent climate change has contributed to shifts in the seasonal interplay between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, which have in turn increased droughts and reduced freshwater availability in Mediterranean climate regions. To overcome limitations in existing indices for comparing these seasonal hydroclimatic drivers at the global scale, we introduce an information theory-based, nonparametric asynchronicity index that captures both the temporal alignment and relative magnitudes of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. We use this asynchronicity index to first identify Mediterranean climates around the world. We then apply the asynchronicity index over two Mediterranean climate regions and show that their boundaries have shifted between 1960 and 2018, resulting in a regional expansion in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and a contraction in southwestern Australia. These results highlight the need for globally consistent measures of seasonal climatic water supply and demand for diagnosing potential changes in water resources and ecosystem responses within Mediterranean climate regions. RI Woods, Ross/C-6696-2013 OI Woods, Ross/0000-0002-5732-5979 SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 DI 10.1029/2019GL085653 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503117900001 ER PT J AU Donnelly, M Gamsu, S AF Donnelly, Michael Gamsu, Sol TI Spatial structures of student mobility: Social, economic and ethnic 'geometries of power' SO POPULATION SPACE AND PLACE AB There now exists a growing literature on educational mobilities, and this paper contributes to understanding the way contemporary youth imagine the geography of the United Kingdom and how this translates to their mobility intentions. Using Giddens and Massey and drawing on a unique multi-sited qualitative dataset, we examine how these flows can be understood as embedded within narratives of the self that are situated within a particular spatial structuring of social, economic, and ethnic difference. The multi-sited dataset provides a unique opportunity to see the simultaneity of these social relations across space, mutually shaping, and reshaping each other over time. We illustrate how embedded within imagined mobility narratives are deeply unequal structures of economic power, (re)producing oppressed and dominant positions across social and geographic space. Geometries of race and ethnicity are also shown to structure the ways in which different ethnic groups look upon the geography of their university choices. The patterning of these imagined spatial flows around the United Kingdom at the point of university entry can be interpreted as one further manifestation of deep-seated geometries of power that pervade social life. OI Gamsu, Sol/0000-0001-8642-096X SN 1544-8444 EI 1544-8452 AR e2293 DI 10.1002/psp.2293 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503176200001 ER PT J AU Raut, S Gupta, N Nautiyal, P Everard, M AF Raut, Shailendra Gupta, Nishikant Nautiyal, Prakash Everard, Mark TI Re-establishment of fish passage for conserving threatened migratory species of West-Indian Himalayas SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS AB Fish passes are structures (natural or manmade) bypassing barriers (e.g., dams), enabling satisfactory movement of migratory fish species. Reestablishment of fish passage, including facilitating overcoming barriers presented by impoundments or restoration of defunct structures, is attracting interest among scientists and policymakers as a mechanism to enable recovery of target fish species or fish communities. However, it is also important to note that fish passes may also act as ecological traps in some large neotropical rivers. A diversity of multispecies fish passage designs have been implemented in North and South America, Europe, and Australia, with varying efficacy for different species. However, field surveys between 2010 and 2018 supported by a review of published literature (N = 217) using Google Scholar search engine using six key terms reveal that few fish passes have been constructed in dams in the Indian Himalayan region, and their efficacy is largely unproven. Major problems associated with fish pass designs include uneven success across a range of species and largely untested effectiveness at the large scale of many major dams. The objective of this paper is to stress upon the requirement of a new approach to understand the operational drawbacks of different types of fish pass and to take an adaptive approach to both design and operation using field data to improve fish pass efficiency. These measures could contribute significantly to the conservation of threatened migratory fish in the increasingly impounded rivers of the Indian Himalayan region. OI Gupta, Nishikant/0000-0002-8429-7707 SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 36 IS 2 BP 314 EP 317 DI 10.1002/rra.3577 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503153500001 ER PT J AU Christensen, EM Simpson, GL Ernest, SKM AF Christensen, Erica M. Simpson, Gavin L. Ernest, S. K. Morgan TI Established rodent community delays recovery of dominant competitor following experimental disturbance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Human activities alter processes that control local biodiversity, causing changes in the abundance and identity of species in ecosystems. However, restoring biodiversity to a previous state is rarely as simple as reintroducing lost species or restoring processes to their pre-disturbance state. Theory suggests that established species can impede shifts in species composition via a variety of mechanisms, including direct interference, pre-empting resources or habitat alteration. These mechanisms can create transitory dynamics that delay convergence to an expected end state. We use an experimental manipulation of a desert rodent community to examine differences in recolonization dynamics of a dominant competitor (kangaroo rats of the genus Dipodomys) when patches were already occupied by an existing rodent community relative to when patches were empty. Recovery of kangaroo rat populations was slow on plots with an established community, taking approximately 2 years, in contrast with rapid recovery on empty plots with no established residents (approx. three months). These results demonstrate that the presence of an established alternate community inhibits recolonization by new species, even those that should be dominant in the community. This has important implications for understanding how biodiversity may change in the future, and what processes may slow or prevent this change. SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 PD DEC 18 PY 2019 VL 286 IS 1917 AR 20192269 DI 10.1098/rspb.2019.2269 UT WOS:000502298500003 PM 31822258 ER PT J AU Freiberg, JA Dambros, CD Rodrigues, ENL Teixeira, RA Vieira, ADHN de Almeida, HS Carvalho, PCD Jacques, RJS AF Freiberg, Joke Aline Dambros, Cristian de Sales Lopes Rodrigues, Everton Nei Teixeira, Renato Augusto Hubert Neufeld Vieira, Angela Denise de Almeida, Hazael Soranzo de Faccio Carvalho, Paulo Cesar Seminoti Jacques, Rodrigo Josemar TI Increased grazing intensity in pastures reduces the abundance and richness of ground spiders in an integrated crop-livestock system SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AB Ground spiders can reflect the impacts of land-use intensification. In an integrated annual crop-livestock system, the grazing intensification can negatively influence the abundance and richness of ground spiders. We evaluated the difference in abundance, family and species richness, and species composition of ground spiders in the soybean and pasture environments, and the effect of grazing intensity on the spider community under a soybean-pasture rotation. We hypothesized that pastures would have higher spider species richness and a distinct species composition and that the increase in grazing intensity would reduce spider abundance and species richness. We conducted an experiment in an integrated annual crop-livestock system under a soybean-pasture rotation in southern Brazil that was managed for 14 years by alternating Glycine max for summer grain production and Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum for beef cattle grazing during the winter. We sampled four times over 2 years: twice after the grazing cycles and twice after the soybean harvests. Grazing intensification was measured as grazing heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm. Pitfall traps were installed to capture ground spiders. A total of 2589 spiders were collected and classified into 23 families and 43 species. The abundance of spiders was seven times higher, and species richness was 35% higher in the postgrazing compared with the postsoybean environment. Linear mixed effects models showed that spider abundance and richness were strongly influenced by grazing height, particularly postgrazing, but the influence of grazing height on male spider abundance could still be detected in the postsoybean environment. We have shown for the first time that the management of grazing height affects the abundance and richness of spiders in an integrated annual crop-livestock system. To introduce a grazing cycle to a completely crop-centric production system and regulating grazing intensity can help maintain a more diverse spider community. SN 1774-0746 EI 1773-0155 PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 40 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1007/s13593-019-0604-0 UT WOS:000511678700001 ER PT J AU Machado-de-Lima, NM Fernandes, VMC Roush, D Ayuso, SV Rigonato, J Garcia-Pichel, F Branco, LHZ AF Machado-de-Lima, Nathali Maria Camara Fernandes, Vanessa Moreira Roush, Daniel Ayuso, Sergio Velasco Rigonato, Janaina Garcia-Pichel, Ferran Zanini Branco, Luis Henrique TI The Compositionally Distinct Cyanobacterial Biocrusts From Brazilian Savanna and Their Environmental Drivers of Community Diversity SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB The last decade was marked by efforts to define and identify the main cyanobacterial players in biological crusts around the world. However, not much is known about biocrusts in Brazil's tropical savanna (cerrado), despite the existence of environments favorable to their development and ecological relevance. We examined the community composition of cyanobacteria in biocrusts from six sites distributed in the Southeast of the country using high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and phylogenetic placement in the wider context of biocrusts from deserts. Sequences ascribable to 22 genera of cyanobacteria were identified. Although a significant proportion of sequences did not match those of known cyanobacteria, several clades of Leptolyngbya and Porphyrosiphon were found to be the most abundant. We identified significant differences in dominance and overall composition among the cerrado sites, much larger than within-site variability. The composition of cerrado cyanobacterial communities was distinct from those known in biocrusts from North American deserts. Among several environmental drivers considered, the opposing trend of annual precipitation and mean annual temperature best explained the variability in community composition within Brazilian biocrusts. Their compositional uniqueness speaks of the need for dedicated efforts to study the ecophysiology of tropical savanna biocrust and their roles in ecosystem function for management and preservation. SN 1664-302X PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 2798 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02798 UT WOS:000504997900001 PM 31921007 ER PT J AU Dawah, HA Ahmad, SK Abdullah, MA Zatwarnicki, T AF Dawah, Hassan A. Ahmad, Syed K. Abdullah, Mohammed A. Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz TI An overview of the Ephydridae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia SO ZOOTAXA AB Despite the species richness of Ephydridae world-wide (2000 species) and its prominent environmental roles as a minor pest and as a food for wildlife, only 13 species have been recorded from Saudi Arabia. Between 2012 and 2016, a biodiversity study of Diptera was conducted at Jazan, Asir, and Najran in south-western Saudi Arabia, at 22 sites, was performed mainly using Malaise traps and sweep nets. In this study, 43 known species of Ephydridae were identified, 37 of them for the first time from southwestern Saudi Arabia and 16 from Arabian Peninsula. This brings the total number of Ephydridae species in Saudi Arabia to 49 (including previous records). 'There were a further four species, which could not be identified authoritatively to species level. A list of all species of Ephydridae recorded from Saudi Arabia is appended. Images of thirty-two species are presented. The species recorded in this study are more Palaearctic in origin as compared to other regions. Biological information (where known) and world-wide distribution are included. This study has added new records to the Saudi Arabian checklist of Ephydridae, which will provide the basis for systematic studies and fauna analyses of future work on the family. The need for further field and laboratory work and surveillance is highlighted. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 4711 IS 3 BP 401 EP 445 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.1 UT WOS:000503721900001 ER PT J AU Hechinger, RF AF Hechinger, Ryan F. TI Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host SO ZOOTAXA AB The California horn snail, Cerithideopsis californica, lives in estuarine habitats from California (USA) in North America to Piura (Peru) in South America. Throughout this range, the snail serves as first intermediate host for a diverse guild of digenean trematodes. These parasites are used in teaching laboratories, and have been subject to a large amount of taxonomic, biological, evolutionary, and ecological research. Despite the abundance of research on these trematodes, we lack a satisfactory guide to these parasites. This manuscript treats the 19 trematode species that we are currently able to distinguish morphologically. I provide taxonomic affinities, information on second intermediate host use, an identification key focused on cercaria traits, information and a key for regressed infections lacking cercariae, information on early infections, and species accounts. The species accounts present photographs, additional diagnostic information, taxonomic notes, information concerning cryptic species, and connections to relevant literature. The primary aim of this manuscript is to facilitate research on this trematode guild by serving as an identification tool, and by providing background information, including highlighting gaps in our knowledge. OI Hechinger, Ryan/0000-0002-6633-253X SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 4711 IS 3 BP 459 EP 494 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3 UT WOS:000503721900003 ER PT J AU Lukhtanov, VA Iashenkova, Y AF Lukhtanov, Vladimir A. Iashenkova, Yaroslavna TI Linking karyotypes with DNA barcodes: proposal for a new standard in chromosomal analysis with an example based on the study of Neotropical Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) SO COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS AB Chromosomal data are important for taxonomists, cytogeneticists and evolutionary biologists; however, the value of these data decreases sharply if they are obtained for individuals with inaccurate species identification or unclear species identity. To avoid this problem, here we suggest linking each karyotyped sample with its DNA barcode, photograph and precise geographic data, providing an opportunity for unambiguous identification of described taxa and for delimitation of undescribed species. Using this approach, we present new data on chromosome number diversity in neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Biblidinae (genus Vila Kirby, 1871) and the tribe Ithomiini (genera Oleria Hubner, 1816, Ithomia Hubner, 1816, Godyris Boisduval, 1870, Hypothyris Hubner, 1821, Napeogenes Bates, 1862, Pseudoscada Godman et Salvin, 1879 and Hyposcada Godman et Salvin, 1879). Combining new and previously published data we show that the species complex Oleria onega (Hewitson, [1852]) includes three discrete chromosomal clusters (with haploid chromosome numbers n = 15, n = 22 and n = 30) and at least four DNA barcode clusters. Then we discuss how the incomplete connection between these chromosomal and molecular data (karyotypes and DNA barcodes were obtained for different sets of individuals) complicates the taxonomic interpretation of the discovered clusters. SN 1993-0771 EI 1993-078X PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 BP 435 EP 449 DI 10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i4.48368 UT WOS:000504043400001 PM 31886776 ER PT J AU Laidemitt, MR Anderson, LC Wearing, HJ Mutuku, MW Mkoji, GM Loker, ES AF Laidemitt, Martina R. Anderson, Larissa C. Wearing, Helen J. Mutuku, Martin W. Mkoji, Gerald M. Loker, Eric S. TI Antagonism between parasites within snail hosts impacts the transmission of human schistosomiasis SO ELIFE AB Human disease agents exist within complex environments that have underappreciated effects on transmission, especially for parasites with multi-host life cycles. We examined the impact of multiple host and parasite species on transmission of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in Kenya. We show S. mansoni is impacted by cattle and wild vertebrates because of their role in supporting trematode parasites, the larvae of which have antagonistic interactions with S. mansoni in their shared Biomphalaria vector snails. We discovered the abundant cattle trematode, Calicophoron sukari, fails to develop in Biomphalaria pfeifferi unless S. mansoni larvae are present in the same snail. Further development of S. mansoni is subsequently prevented by C. sukari's presence. Modeling indicated that removal of C. sukari would increase S. mansoni-infected snails by two-fold. Predictable exploitation of aquatic habitats by humans and their cattle enable C. sukari to exploit S. mansoni, thereby limiting transmission of this human pathogen. SN 2050-084X PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 8 AR e50095 DI 10.7554/eLife.50095 UT WOS:000503437100001 PM 31845890 ER PT J AU Kunjwal, N Khan, MS Srivastava, P AF Kunjwal, Neha Khan, Mohammad Sarfraz Srivastava, Poonam TI Nesting biology of Megachile (Eutricharea) studiosa Bingham, a leafcutter bee SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH AB Investigations on nesting biology of Megachile (Eutricharea) studiosa carried out at Pantnagar (India), revealed that this Megachile species is a leafcutter bee that nests in soil and also in trap nests having tunnel with diameter of 4.79 +/- 0.24 mm during summer. The female invested an active time of 49.42 +/- 4.24 h to complete its nesting activity in 6-7 days, maximum quantum of time (61.28%) being spent in provisioning the brood cells. The female made 1-6 brood cells in a nest and used leaf pieces of three different sizes to construct a single cell. In their natural habitat, the male progeny had development period of 22.29 +/- 1.38 days while the female bees emerged in 29 +/- 1 days during May-June at an ambient mean maximum temperature between 33.2 and 38.9 degrees C. The data on detailed nesting activity, nest structure, plants providing nesting material and larval food presented in this communication is the first report on Megachile (Eutricharea) studiosa Bingham which would help in understanding the ecology, behavior, and role of this leafcutter bee in biodiversity pool. SN 0021-8839 EI 2078-6913 DI 10.1080/00218839.2019.1701776 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503565200001 ER PT J AU Marshall, BM Strine, CT AF Marshall, Benjamin M. Strine, Colin T. TI Exploring snake occurrence records: Spatial biases and marginal gains from accessible social media SO PEERJ AB A species' distribution provides fundamental information on: climatic niche, biogeography, and conservation status. Species distribution models often use occurrence records from biodiversity databases, subject to spatial and taxonomic biases. Deficiencies in occurrence data can lead to incomplete species distribution estimates. We can incorporate other data sources to supplement occurrence datasets. The general public is creating (via GPS-enabled cameras to photograph wildlife) incidental occurrence records that may present an opportunity to improve species distribution models. We investigated (1) occurrence data of a cryptic group of animals: non-marine snakes, in a biodiversity database (Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)) and determined (2) whether incidental occurrence records extracted from geo-tagged social media images (Flickr) could improve distribution models for 18 tropical snake species. We provide R code to search for and extract data from images using Flickr's API. We show the biodiversity database's 302,386 records disproportionately originate from North America, Europe and Oceania (250,063, 82.7%), with substantial gaps in tropical areas that host the highest snake diversity. North America, Europe and Oceania averaged several hundred records per species; whereas Asia, Africa and South America averaged less than 35 per species. Occurrence density showed similar patterns; Asia, Africa and South America have roughly ten-fold fewer records per 100 km(2) than other regions. Social media provided 44,687 potential records. However, including them in distribution models only marginally impacted niche estimations; niche overlap indices were consistently over 0.9. Similarly, we show negligible differences in Maxent model performance between models trained using GBIF-only and Flickr-supplemented datasets. Model performance appeared dependent on species, rather than number of occurrences or training dataset. We suggest that for tropical snakes, accessible social media currently fails to deliver appreciable benefits for estimating species distributions; but due to the variation between species and the rapid growth in social media data, may still be worth considering in future contexts. OI Marshall, Benjamin/0000-0001-9554-0605 SN 2167-8359 PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e8059 DI 10.7717/peerj.8059 UT WOS:000503384100002 PM 31871833 ER PT J AU Dominguez-Garcia, V Dakos, V Kefi, S AF Dominguez-Garcia, Virginia Dakos, Vasilis Kefi, Sonia TI Unveiling dimensions of stability in complex ecological networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Understanding the stability of ecological communities is a matter of increasing importance in the context of global environmental change. Yet it has proved to be a challenging task. Different metrics are used to assess the stability of ecological systems, and the choice of one metric over another may result in conflicting conclusions. Although each of the multitude of metrics is useful for answering a specific question about stability, the relationship among metrics is poorly understood. Such lack of understanding prevents scientists from developing a unified concept of stability. Instead, by investigating these relationships we can unveil how many dimensions of stability there are (i.e., in how many independent components stability metrics can be grouped), which should help build a more comprehensive concept of stability. Here we simultaneously measured 27 stability metrics frequently used in ecological studies. Our approach is based on dynamical simulations of multispecies trophic communities under different perturbation scenarios. Mapping the relationships between the metrics revealed that they can be lumped into 3 main groups of relatively independent stability components: early response to pulse, sensitivities to press, and distance to threshold. Selecting metrics from each of these groups allows a more accurate and comprehensive quantification of the overall stability of ecological communities. These results contribute to improving our understanding and assessment of stability in ecological communities. OI Dakos, Vasilis/0000-0001-8862-718X; Dominguez Garcia, Virginia/0000-0002-4591-4186 SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 51 BP 25714 EP 25720 DI 10.1073/pnas.1904470116 UT WOS:000503281500054 PM 31801881 ER PT J AU Holland, RA Scott, K Agnolucci, P Rapti, C Eigenbrod, F Taylor, G AF Holland, Robert A. Scott, Kate Agnolucci, Paolo Rapti, Chrysanthi Eigenbrod, Felix Taylor, Gail TI The influence of the global electric power system on terrestrial biodiversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Given its total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, the global electric power sector will be required to undergo a fundamental transformation over the next decades to limit anthropogenic climate change to below 2 degrees C. Implications for biodiversity of projected structural changes in the global electric power sector are rarely considered beyond those explicitly linked to climate change. This study uses a spatially explicit consumption-based accounting framework to examine the impact of demand for electric power on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity globally. We demonstrate that the biodiversity footprint of the electric power sector is primarily within the territory where final demand for electric power resides, although there are substantial regional differences, with Europe displacing its biodiversity threat along international supply chains. The relationship between size of individual components of the electric power sector and threat to biodiversity indicates that a shift to nonfossil sources, such as solar and wind, could reduce pressures on biodiversity both within the territory where demand for power resides and along international supply chains. However, given the current levels of deployment of nonfossil sources of power, there is considerable uncertainty as to how the impacts of structural changes in the global electric power system will scale. Given the strong territorial link between demand and associated biodiversity impacts, development of strong national governance around the electric power sector represents a clear route to mitigate threats to biodiversity associated with efforts to decarbonize society over the coming century. RI ; Scott, Kate/L-6843-2015 OI Taylor, Gail/0000-0001-8470-6390; Scott, Kate/0000-0001-7952-0348 SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 17 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 51 BP 26078 EP 26084 DI 10.1073/pnas.1909269116 UT WOS:000503281500095 PM 31792168 ER PT J AU Scotti, A Fureder, L Marsoner, T Tappeiner, U Stawinoga, AE Bottarin, R AF Scotti, Alberto Fureder, Leopold Marsoner, Thomas Tappeiner, Ulrike Stawinoga, Agnieszka E. Bottarin, Roberta TI Effects of land cover type on community structure and functional traits of alpine stream benthic macroinvertebrates SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB In the European Alps, due to the current changes in land use driven by different social and economic factors, grasslands and pastures are being increasingly replaced by forests. Whereas many studies have focused on the impacts of urbanisation and intensive agricultural activities, no study has evaluated the effects of changes among types of natural to semi-natural land cover in the Alps with a focus on lotic environments. Here, combining taxonomic and functional approaches, we show the effects of four different alpine land cover types (rocks, grasslands, coniferous forests, valley bottom pastures) on stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Irrespective of elevation, grasslands and pastures exhibited unpredicted similarity in terms of the composition of the macroinvertebrate assemblages and hosted the highest diversity of benthic organisms, whereas in each of the other land cover types, the density and diversity of the faunal assemblages showed distinct and characteristic values. When analysing the functional diversity decomposed to richness, evenness, and divergence components, grasslands and pastures again showed a similar trend, being characterised by high levels of resource exploitation and niche differentiation, with the potential to host additional organisms. However, as expected, differences driven by land cover type and elevation emerged when examining the single functional traits, since elevation played a major role in terms of the distribution of traits conferring resistance and resilience. Our results demonstrate that land cover type is a prominent factor influencing the taxonomic and functional variety of stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Moreover, alpine grasslands contained an unexpected diversity of aquatic insects, as previously assessed for other organisms (e.g. plants and snails). Overall, our study highlights the importance of the preservation of the diversity of habitats in the alpine region, with a special focus needed for valuable semi-natural landscapes, such as grasslands and pastures, particularly in a time of increasing intensification and abandonment of lands in the alpine context. OI Scotti, Alberto/0000-0002-5861-7551 SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 65 IS 3 BP 524 EP 539 DI 10.1111/fwb.13448 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503017200001 ER PT J AU Start, D Barbour, MA Bonner, C AF Start, Denon Barbour, Matthew A. Bonner, Colin TI Urbanization reshapes a food web SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY AB Cities represent humanity's most intense impact on our planet, with more than half of all humans now residing in urban areas. Indeed, urbanization has well-understood impacts on both individual species and general patterns of biodiversity. However, species do not exist in isolation, but are instead members of complex interaction networks that shape patterns of diversity and influence ecosystem services. Despite the importance of species interaction for creating patterns of diversity, we do not understand how urbanization alters these interactions. Here, we investigate how an interaction network (food web) is reshaped by urbanization. We show that, consistent with theory, cities tend to support less diverse ecological communities, and rare species that interact with few species are particularly sensitive to urbanization. As a result, remnant urban food webs tend to have more interactions per species and greater connectance, creating more integrated interaction networks. We discuss the implications of this food web reshaping for ecological stability, eco-evolutionary dynamics, and the joining of interaction networks and conservation planning. The role of cities in reshaping interaction networks provides an interesting study of food web (dis)assembly, while also shedding light on new approaches to applied conservation issues. OI Bonner, Colin/0000-0002-4736-3787; Barbour, Matthew/0000-0001-7686-0400 SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.13136 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502914900001 PM 31677271 ER PT J AU Soria, M Gutierrez-Canovas, C Bonada, N Acosta, R Rodriguez-Lozano, P Fortuno, P Burgazzi, G Vinyoles, D Gallart, F Latron, J Llorens, P Prat, N Cid, N AF Soria, Maria Gutierrez-Canovas, Cayetano Bonada, Nuria Acosta, Raul Rodriguez-Lozano, Pablo Fortuno, Pau Burgazzi, Gemma Vinyoles, Dolors Gallart, Francesc Latron, Jerome Llorens, Pilar Prat, Narcis Cid, Nuria TI Natural disturbances can produce misleading bioassessment results: Identifying metrics to detect anthropogenic impacts in intermittent rivers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY AB Ecosystems experience natural disturbances and anthropogenic impacts that affect biological communities and ecological processes. When natural disturbance modifies anthropogenic impacts, current widely used bioassessment metrics can prevent accurate assessment of biological quality. Our aim was to assess the ability of biomonitoring metrics to detect anthropogenic impacts at both perennial and intermittent sites, and in the latter including both flowing and disconnected pool aquatic phases. Specifically, aquatic macroinvertebrates from 20 rivers were sampled along gradients of natural flow intermittence (natural disturbance) and anthropogenic impacts to investigate their combined effects on widely used river biomonitoring metrics (i.e. taxonomic richness and standard biological indices) and novel functional metrics, including functional redundancy (i.e. the number of taxa contributing similarly to an ecosystem function, here a trophic function) and response diversity (i.e. how functionally similar taxa respond to natural disturbance and anthropogenic impacts). Only the widely used IBMWP index (Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party) was able to detect anthropogenic impacts in intermittent rivers when used during flowing phases. Several functional metrics also detected anthropogenic impacts regardless of flow intermittence. Besides, functional redundancy of the entire community remained effective even in disconnected pools. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that natural flow intermittence can confound river bioassessment, and that a set of new functional metrics could be used as effective alternatives to standard metrics in naturally disturbed intermittent rivers. Our findings suggest that water managers should incorporate alternative functional metrics in the routine biomonitoring of naturally disturbed rivers. RI Rodriguez-Lozano, Pablo/AAA-8873-2020; Burgazzi, Gemma/R-3723-2019; Gutierrez-Canovas, Tano/P-1227-2017; gallart, francesc/L-9177-2013; Latron, Jerome/L-2281-2014; Bonada, Nuria/L-5137-2015 OI Gutierrez-Canovas, Tano/0000-0002-6785-4049; gallart, francesc/0000-0002-7050-2204; Latron, Jerome/0000-0003-3253-6734; Soria Extremera, Maria/0000-0001-9379-7626; Bonada, Nuria/0000-0002-2983-3335; Fortuno Estrada, Pau/0000-0002-2198-3486; Vinyoles, Dolors/0000-0003-2808-769X; Burgazzi, Gemma/0000-0002-9612-6518 SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 57 IS 2 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.13538 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502993700001 ER PT J AU Catterall, CP AF Catterall, Carla P. TI Values of weedy regrowth for rainforest restoration SO ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION AB Can weedy regrowth be sometimes useful in restoration? Former pastures, created historically by deforestation and other interventions but then retired from agricultural use, now provide a major opportunity for forest restoration. Globally, forest has begun to regenerate spontaneously at large scales on many such retired pasture lands. Additionally, non-native species are increasingly often the first trees and shrubs to establish in this situation. Here, I consider the ecological processes that enable some of these species to be useful in restoring diverse rainforest communities of flora and fauna to disused pasture and other agricultural lands; in terms of both the generalised ecological mechanisms involved and specific cases in rainforest landscapes of eastern Australia. Ecological research has shown that regrowth trajectories which begin with dominance by non-native trees and shrubs may of themselves sometimes transition over several decades towards dominance by native rainforest species, and that these novel ecosystems provide significant habitat for native fauna, as well as a range of ecosystem services. Their destruction in the name of weed control is likely to have an immediate adverse ecological impact. Alternatively, they could be managed and harnessed as a useful part of the practitioners' toolkit for rainforest restoration. SN 1442-7001 EI 1442-8903 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1111/emr.12397 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502941200001 ER PT J AU Yeruham, E Shpigel, M Abelson, A Rilov, G AF Yeruham, E. Shpigel, M. Abelson, A. Rilov, G. TI Ocean warming and tropical invaders erode the performance of a key herbivore SO ECOLOGY AB Climate change and bioinvasions are two facets of global change that can act in tandem to impact native species and ecosystems. However, their combined effects on key species have rarely been studied. The Mediterranean Sea is a hot spot of both ocean warming and bioinvasions, where their impact can be tested together. In recent years, the population of a key herbivore, the European purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), has virtually collapsed along the Israeli Mediterranean coast (southeastern Levant). Here, we used field and lab experiments to test two complementary hypotheses that may explain the urchin population collapse: (1) resource competition that may lead to competitive exclusion by invasive grazers (two Red Sea rabbitfishes) and (2) reduced performance due to ocean warming. An inclusion-exclusion in situ caging experiment revealed a strong negative impact of fish grazing on algal cover and on the urchin's gut content and gonado-somatic index (GSI). Laboratory experiments revealed a considerable negative impact of both elevated temperature and food deficiency on sea urchin respiration and GSI, and consequently on its energy budget and reproductive potential and, potentially, fitness. Such reduced reproductive capacity must have greatly lowered the sea urchin's population viability, contributing (and possibly even leading) to its collapse in the southeastern Levant in the past two decades. Urchin population declines are expected to spread to the west and north of the Mediterranean Sea following further warming and rabbitfish expansion. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential additive effects of ocean warming and implied competitive exclusion by an invader on a native species at its warm biogeographic distribution edge. SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 DI 10.1002/ecy.2925 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502928600001 PM 31660585 ER PT J AU Falcon-Brindis, A Jimenez, MLJ Rodriguez-Estrella, R AF Falcon-Brindis, Armando Jimenez Jimenez, Maria Luisa Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo TI Islands in the desert for cavity-nesting bees and wasps: Ecology, patterns of diversity, and conservation at oases of Baja California Peninsula SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Aims The oases of Baja California Peninsula (BCP) have been proposed as important hotspots of biodiversity that hold an exceptional richness in the middle of desert conditions. We tested the effect of habitat and anthropogenic disturbance on communities of cavity-nesting taxa, with specific emphasis on bees, wasps, and their natural enemies. Methods In oases of BCP and desert neighbor environments, trap-nesting taxa were evaluated in response to factors affecting the nest abundance, richness, and community structure. We used statistical models to find correlates of nest abundance and patterns of diversity, as well as ecological analyses to determine the effect of habitat and human disturbance on species diversity and community structure. Results Solar irradiation, distance to a perennial waterbody and relative humidity influenced the presence of nests, number of brood cells, and parasitism. In general, abundance, species richness, and parasitism were higher in oases, especially in those with less human disturbance. Bees did not discriminate between oases and deserts to nest, whereas mud-daubing wasps were more dependent of oases. The degree of anthropogenic disturbance did not affect the occurrence of parasitism, but it had an adverse effect on the parasitism intensity (number of attacked cells). The community structure was more complex and even in oases and low-disturbed sites. The similarity between sites did not exceed 30%, and the proportion of shared species between oases and deserts varied from 2.7% to 26.6%. Main conclusions The oases of Baja California are functioning as mesic islands in the desert, each oasis hosting a unique community of cavity-nesting taxa. About 65% of the nests and 50% of species occurred exclusively in the oasis. Thus, cavity-nesting species that depend on mesic conditions could be threatened if the oases of BCP disappear in the future. Local conditions in the oases and deserts of the BCP are shaping the community structure. However, large-scale factors such as climate can influence the seasonality and occurrence of species within the community of cavity-nesting dwellers. Since habitat loss and fragmentation can degrade the oases' functionality, strategies to maintain the ecosystem services of pollination and biological control should be included in the conservation programs of these fragile habitats. OI Rodriguez Estrella, Ricardo/0000-0003-2470-2050 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 BP 527 EP 542 DI 10.1002/ece3.5927 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502825400001 PM 31993124 ER PT J AU Stotz, GC Cahill, JF Bennett, JA Carlyle, CN Bork, EW Askarizadeh, D Bartha, S Beierkuhnlein, C Boldgiv, B Brown, L Cabido, M Campetella, G Chelli, S Cohen, O Diaz, S Enrico, L Ensing, D Erdenetsetseg, B Fidelis, A Garris, HW Henry, HAL Jentsch, A Jouri, MH Koorem, K Manning, P Mitchell, R Moora, M Overbeck, GE Pither, J Reinhart, KO Sternberg, M Tungalag, R Undrakhbold, S van Rooyen, M Wellstein, C Zobel, M Fraser, LH AF Stotz, Gisela C. Cahill, James F., Jr. Bennett, Jonathan A. Carlyle, Cameron N. Bork, Edward W. Askarizadeh, Diana Bartha, Sandor Beierkuhnlein, Carl Boldgiv, Bazartseren Brown, Leslie Cabido, Marcelo Campetella, Giandiego Chelli, Stefano Cohen, Ofer Diaz, Sandra Enrico, Lucas Ensing, David Erdenetsetseg, Batdelger Fidelis, Alessandra Garris, Heath W. Henry, Hugh A. L. Jentsch, Anke Jouri, Mohammad Hassan Koorem, Kadri Manning, Peter Mitchell, Randall Moora, Mari Overbeck, Gerhard E. Pither, Jason Reinhart, Kurt O. Sternberg, Marcelo Tungalag, Radnaakhand Undrakhbold, Sainbileg van Rooyen, Margaretha Wellstein, Camilla Zobel, Martin Fraser, Lauchlan H. TI Not a melting pot: Plant species aggregate in their non-native range SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Aim Plant species continue to be moved outside of their native range by human activities. Here, we aim to determine whether, once introduced, plants assimilate into native communities or whether they aggregate, thus forming mosaics of native- and alien-rich communities. Alien species might aggregate in their non-native range owing to shared habitat preferences, such as their tendency to establish in high-biomass, species-poor areas. Location Twenty-two herbaceous grasslands in 14 countries, mainly in the temperate zone. Time period 2012-2016. Major taxa studied Plants. Methods We used a globally coordinated survey. Within this survey, we found 46 plant species, predominantly from Eurasia, for which we had co-occurrence data in their native and non-native ranges. We tested for differences in co-occurrence patterns of 46 species between their native (home) and non-native (away) range. We also tested whether species had similar habitat preferences, by testing for differences in total biomass and species richness of the patches that species occupy in their native and non-native ranges. Results We found the same species to show different patterns of association depending on whether they were in their native or non-native range. Alien species were negatively associated with native species; instead, they aggregated with other alien species in species-poor, high-biomass communities in their non-native range compared with their native range. Main conclusions The strong differences between the native (home) and non-native (away) range in species co-occurrence patterns are evidence that the way in which species associate with resident communities in their non-native range is not species dependent, but is instead a property of being away from their native range. These results thus highlight that species might undergo important ecological changes when introduced away from their native range. Overall, we show origin-dependent associations that result in novel communities, in which alien-rich patches exist within a mosaic of native-dominated communities. RI Mitchell, Randall J/G-6380-2010; Manning, Peter/I-6523-2012; Moora, Mari/D-1961-2009 OI Mitchell, Randall J/0000-0001-7961-3560; Manning, Peter/0000-0002-7940-2023; Moora, Mari/0000-0002-4819-7506; Stotz, Gisela C./0000-0001-8687-7361; Pither, Jason/0000-0002-7490-6839 SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 DI 10.1111/geb.13046 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502855100001 ER PT J AU Husson, L Boucher, FC Sarr, AC Sepulchre, P Cahyarini, SY AF Husson, Laurent Boucher, Florian C. Sarr, Anta-Clarisse Sepulchre, Pierre Cahyarini, Sri Yudawati TI Evidence of Sundaland's subsidence requires revisiting its biogeography SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY AB It is widely accepted that sea level changes intermittently inundated the Sunda Shelf throughout the Pleistocene, separating Java, Sumatra and Borneo from the Malay Peninsula and from each other. On this basis, the dynamics of the biodiversity hotspot of Sundaland is consistently regarded as solely contingent on glacial sea level oscillations, with interglacial highstands creating intermittent dispersal barriers between disjunct landmasses. However, recent findings on the geomorphology of the currently submerged Sunda shelf suggest that it subsided during the Pleistocene and that, over the Late Pliocene and Quaternary, is was never submerged prior to Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11, 400 ka). This would have enabled the dispersal of terrestrial organisms regardless of sea level variations until 400 ka and hampered movements thereafter, at least during interglacial periods. Existing phylogeographic data for terrestrial organisms conform to this scenario: available divergence time estimates reveal an 8- to 9-fold increase in the rate of vicariance between landmasses of Sundaland after 400 ka, corresponding to the onset of episodic flooding of the Sunda shelf. These results highlight how reconsidering the paleogeographic setting of Sundaland challenges understanding the mechanisms generating Southeast Asian biodiversity. SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 DI 10.1111/jbi.13762 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502941700001 ER PT J AU Birnie-Smith, J AF Birnie-Smith, Jess TI The impact of language and phenotype in classifications of ethnicity SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AB This paper examines how ethnic Chinese Indonesian college students from West Kalimantan classified others' ethnic identity by drawing on perceptions of language and phenotype. Several studies have demonstrated the undeniable effect of phenotype on an individual's perception of their own and others' ethnic identit(ies). Additionally, numerous studies have highlighted the role of language in constructing and interpreting ethnic identity. However, until now, there have been no studies assessing the relationship between the perceptions of language and phenotype when making judgements on an individual's ethnicity in Indonesia. Indonesia plays host to a large number of different ethnic groups, amongst whom, the ethnic Chinese are considered the most politically and socially controversial. The current study examines data from two sets of semi-structured interviews conducted with 24 Chinese Indonesian college students. The results showed that ethnic classifications were more likely to be language driven when participants perceived a binary correlation between language and ethnicity. However, when participants did not perceive an exclusive indexical relationship between language and ethnicity, phenotype was more significant in racial classifications. SN 0726-8602 EI 1469-2996 DI 10.1080/07268602.2019.1695581 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502677600001 ER PT J AU Mohanakrishna, G Al-Raoush, RI Abu-Reesh, IM Pant, D AF Mohanakrishna, Gunda Al-Raoush, Riyadh, I Abu-Reesh, Ibrahim M. Pant, Deepak TI A microbial fuel cell configured for the remediation of recalcitrant pollutants in soil environment SO RSC ADVANCES AB A pristine soil environment supports a healthy soil biodiversity, which is often polluted with recalcitrant compounds. The bioelectrochemical remediation of the contaminated soils using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is gaining significant attention with respect to the restoration of the soil ecosystem. In this direction, a microbial fuel cell (MFC, an application of BES), was employed for the treatment of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in a soil microenvironment at three ranges of pollution (loading conditions - 320, 590 and 840 mg TPH per L). TPHs degraded effectively in the soil-electrode vicinity in the range of 158 mg TPHR per L (320 mg TPH per L) and 356 mg TPHR per L (840 mg TPH per L). The study also demosntrated a maximum bioelectrogenesis of 286.7 mW m(-2) (448 mV at 100 omega) at the highest TPH loading concentration studied (840 mg TPH per L). The conditions prevailing in the soil MFC also facilitated the removal of sulfates (114 mg SO42- per L; 62.64%) and the removal of total dissolved solids (910 mg TDS per L, 12.08%) at an 840 mg TPH per L loading condition. The pH of the outlet wastewater prevailing in the mild alkaline range of 7.6 and 8.4, along with improved sulfate and TPH removal in the respective conditions suggested suitable conditions for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). This study also signified the sustainability of the process for the effective treatment of hydrocarbon contaminated soil that also generates green energy. EI 2046-2069 PD DEC 16 PY 2019 VL 9 IS 71 BP 41409 EP 41418 DI 10.1039/c9ra06957g UT WOS:000503782700004 ER PT J AU Bennett, R Copley, C Copley, D AF Bennett, Robb Copley, Claudia Copley, Darren TI Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade SO ZOOTAXA AB Species of North American Cybaeus L. Koch (Araneae: Dictynoidea: Cybaeidae) are common moist-forest spiders classified in Holarctic and Californian clades. Here we review the adenes species group of the Californian Glade. We recognize nine species: Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin & Ivie, C. amicus Chamberlin & Ivie, C. auburn Bennett spec. nov., C. grizzlyi Schenkel, C. pearcei Bennett spec. nov., C. reducens Chamberlin & Ivie, C. sanbruno Bennett, C. schusteri Bennett spec. nov., and C. torosus Bennett spec. nov. The species of the adenes group have extremely restricted ranges in west central California from Sonoma and Napa Counties south to northern Monterey County and in east central California from Placer and E1 Dorado Counties. Descriptions, illustrations, range maps, and an identification key are provided for all species. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 16 PY 2019 VL 4711 IS 2 BP 245 EP 274 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2 UT WOS:000503721100002 ER PT J AU Cacabelos, E Martins, GM Faria, J Prestes, ACL Costa, T Moreu, I Neto, AI AF Cacabelos, Eva Martins, Gustavo M. Faria, Joao Prestes, Afonso C. L. Costa, Tarso Moreu, Ignacio Neto, Ana, I TI Limited effects of marine protected areas on the distribution of invasive species, despite positive effects on diversity in shallow-water marine communities SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AB Marine protected areas (MPAs) can be an effective tool for the conservation and management of marine coastal habitats. MPAs have been shown to halt habitat degradation, enhance the biomass of exploited species and diversity in general. Yet, we still know little about its role in halting the spread of non-native species. In this study, we assessed the role of MPAs in the structure of shallow subtidal communities around Sao Miguel Island, in general, and particularly on distribution of the two species of genus Asparagopsis: A. armata and A. taxiformis. In the Azores, the former is a well-established invasive species, whereas the status of A. taxiformis is still questionable. Overall, there was a significant greater diversity in terms of both species richness and number of macroalgal functional groups within MPAs. However, when considering the relative abundance of the various macroalgal functional groups, or the assemblage as a whole (multivariate analysis), there was no significant difference between areas within and outside MPAs. The cover of A. taxiformis was significantly greater within MPAs but not its biomass, whereas no significant variation was observed for A. armata. Overall, results suggest that surveyed MPAs had a positive effect on the diversity of shallow-water macroalgal communities. However, they have a limited role on the distribution of both Asparagopsis spp. and negligible effects when considering the relative abundances of macroalgal functional groups. RI Cacabelos, Eva/F-6837-2015 OI Cacabelos, Eva/0000-0002-8543-6510; M. Martins, Gustavo/0000-0001-5051-2221; Faria, Joao/0000-0002-5797-0505 SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 DI 10.1007/s10530-019-02171-x EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503363800001 ER PT J AU Koshkina, A Grigoryeva, I Tokarsky, V Urazaliyev, R Kuemmerle, T Holzel, N Kamp, J AF Koshkina, Alyona Grigoryeva, Irina Tokarsky, Viktor Urazaliyev, Ruslan Kuemmerle, Tobias Hoelzel, Norbert Kamp, Johannes TI Marmots from space: assessing population size and habitat use of a burrowing mammal using publicly available satellite images SO REMOTE SENSING IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB Social, burrowing mammals such as prairie dogs, ground squirrels or marmots are keystone species in grassland ecosystems. Grasslands have been converted into cropland or pastures globally, yet it remains virtually unknown how this has affected the biogeography of burrowing mammals, as efficient, broad-scale survey methods are lacking. We aimed to test whether structures created by burrowing rodents can be reliably detected on publicly available, very-high-resolution satellite images, in order to assess rodent distribution and abundance. We identified burrows of Bobak marmot (Marmota bobak), a keystone burrowing steppe rodent, on 1300 randomly selected plots of 1 km diameter (78.53 ha) across the species' range (950 000 km(2)) in Kazakhstan and southern Russia using Google Earth and Bing images. We then used burrow occurrences and species distribution models to map marmot distribution. We assessed how marmot occurrence and density vary across land-use types. We also combined satellite-based burrow densities and ground-survey data to derive a new population estimate for the species across Kazakhstan. We mapped a total of 7425 burrows from the satellite imagery. Field visits at a subsample of burrows suggested that burrow occurrence was detected reliably. Broad-scale marmot distribution was mainly determined by summer rainfall, land use and elevation. Occurrence probability was highest on arable croplands, followed by abandoned croplands and grazed steppe. The current Bobak marmot population size for Kazakhstan was estimated at 6.1 (+/- 2.4) million individuals. Our results demonstrate that publicly available, very-high-resolution images can be used to reliably map the distribution of burrowing mammals across large geographic scales. The observed and predicted distributions indicate that the Bobak's range has remained almost unchanged in Kazakhstan since the 1950s, despite several drastic episode of land-use change. This suggests that burrowing mammals can be remarkably resilient to land-use pressure, questioning prevailing narratives of population collapse in these species following agricultural expansion. OI Koshkina, Alyona/0000-0002-2501-1887 EI 2056-3485 DI 10.1002/rse2.138 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000503193800001 ER PT J AU Ritter, CD Faurby, S Bennett, DJ Naka, LN ter Steege, H Zizka, A Haenel, Q Nilsson, RH Antonelli, A AF Ritter, Camila D. Faurby, Soren Bennett, Dominic J. Naka, Luciano N. ter Steege, Hans Zizka, Alexander Haenel, Quiterie Nilsson, R. Henrik Antonelli, Alexandre TI The pitfalls of biodiversity proxies: Differences in richness patterns of birds, trees and understudied diversity across Amazonia SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Most knowledge on biodiversity derives from the study of charismatic macro-organisms, such as birds and trees. However, the diversity of micro-organisms constitutes the majority of all life forms on Earth. Here, we ask if the patterns of richness inferred for macro-organisms are similar for micro-organisms. For this, we barcoded samples of soil, litter and insects from four localities on a west-to-east transect across Amazonia. We quantified richness as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in those samples using three molecular markers. We then compared OTU richness with species richness of two relatively well-studied organism groups in Amazonia: trees and birds. We find that OTU richness shows a declining west-to-east diversity gradient that is in agreement with the species richness patterns documented here and previously for birds and trees. These results suggest that most taxonomic groups respond to the same overall diversity gradients at large spatial scales. However, our results show a different pattern of richness in relation to habitat types, suggesting that the idiosyncrasies of each taxonomic group and peculiarities of the local environment frequently override large-scale diversity gradients. Our findings caution against using the diversity distribution of one taxonomic group as an indication of patterns of richness across all groups. RI ter Steege, Hans/B-5866-2011 OI ter Steege, Hans/0000-0002-8738-2659 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 16 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19205 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55490-3 UT WOS:000503176800001 PM 31844092 ER PT J AU Closek, CJ Santora, JA Starks, HA Schroeder, ID Andruszkiewicz, EA Sakuma, KM Bograd, SJ Hazenv, EL Field, JC Boehm, AB AF Closek, Collin J. Santora, Jarrod A. Starks, Hilary A. Schroeder, Isaac D. Andruszkiewicz, Elizabeth A. Sakuma, Keith M. Bograd, Steven J. Hazenv, Elliott L. Field, John C. Boehm, Alexandria B. TI Marine Vertebrate Biodiversity and Distribution Within the Central California Current Using Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding and Ecosystem Surveys SO FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a new approach for assessing marine biodiversity that may overcome challenges of traditional monitoring and complement both existing surveys and biodiversity assessments. There are limited eDNA studies that evaluate vertebrate biodiversity in the marine environment or compare patterns of biodiversity with traditional methods. This study uses eDNA metabarcoding of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes present in seawater samples to characterize vertebrate biodiversity and distribution within National Marine Sanctuaries located in the California Current upwelling ecosystem. The epipelagic community in the study region has been monitored using traditional (mid-water trawl and marine mammal) survey methods since 1983. During 2016 and 2017, we concurrently sampled the epipelagic community using traditional survey methods and water for eDNA analysis to assess agreement among the methods. We collected replicate eDNA samples from 25 stations at depths of 10, 40, and 80 m, resulting in 131 small volume (1 L) environmental water samples to examine eDNA sequences. Across the eDNA and traditional survey methods, 80 taxa were identified. Taxa identified by eDNA partially overlapped with taxa through trawl and marine mammal surveys, but more taxa were identified by eDNA. Diversity and distribution patterns of marine vertebrates inferred from eDNA sequences reflected known spatial distribution patterns in species occurrence and community structure (e.g., cross-shelf and alongshore patterns). During both years, we identified fishery taxa Sebastes (rockfish), Merluccius (hake), Citharichthys (sanddab), and Engraulis (anchovy) across the majority of the stations using eDNA metabarcoding. The marine vertebrate assemblage identified by eDNA in 2016 was statistically different from the 2017 assemblage and more marine mammals were identified in 2017 than in 2016. Differences in assemblages identified by eDNA were coincident with different oceanographic conditions (e.g., upwelling and stratification). In 2016, weak upwelling and warmer than average conditions were measured, and vertebrate assemblages were not different among ecological regions [Point Reyes, Pescadero, and Monterey Bay]. While in 2017, average upwelling conditions returned, vertebrate assemblages differed at each region. This study illustrates that eDNA provides a new baseline for vertebrate assessments that can both augment traditional biomonitoring surveys and aid our understanding of changes in biodiversity. OI Closek, Collin/0000-0003-4431-221X EI 2296-7745 PD DEC 16 PY 2019 VL 6 AR 732 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00732 UT WOS:000502974200001 ER PT J AU Cole, RJ Selmants, P Khan, S Chazdon, R AF Cole, Rebecca J. Selmants, Paul Khan, Shafkat Chazdon, Robin TI Litter dynamics recover faster than arthropod biodiversity during tropical forest succession SO BIOTROPICA AB Litterfall and litter decomposition are key elements of nutrient cycling in tropical forests, a process in which decomposer communities such as macro-arthropods play a critical role. Understanding the rate and extent to which ecosystem function and biodiversity recover during succession is useful to managing the growing area of tropical successional forest globally. Using a replicated chronosequence of forest succession (5-15, 15-30, 30-45 years, and primary forest) on abandoned pastures in lowland tropical wet forest, we examined litterfall, litter chemistry, and effects of macro-arthropod exclusion on decomposition of two litter types (primary and 5- to 15-years-old secondary forest). Further, we assessed macro-arthropod diversity and community composition across the chronosequence. Overstory cover, litterfall, and litter nutrients reached levels similar to primary forest within 15-30 years. Young secondary forest litter (5-15 years) had lower initial N and P content, higher C:N, and decayed 60 percent faster than primary forest litter. The presence of macro-arthropods strongly mediated decomposition and nutrient release rates, increasing litter mass loss by 35-44 percent, N released by 53 percent, and P release by 84 percent. Forest age had no effect on soil nutrients, rates of litter decomposition, nutrient release, or macro-arthropod influence. In contrast, abundance and community composition of macro-arthropods remained significantly lower and distinct in all ages of secondary compared with primary forest. Order richness was lower in 5-15 years of secondary compared with primary forest. Our results suggest that in highly productive tropical wet forest, functional recovery of litter dynamics precedes recovery of decomposer community structure and biodiversity. in Spanish is available with online material. SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 52 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1111/btp.12740 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502701200001 ER PT J AU Vallejos, MAV Padial, AA Vitule, JRS Monteiro, ELD AF Villegas Vallejos, Marcelo Alejandro Padial, Andre Andrian Simoes Vitule, Jean Ricardo de Araujo Monteiro-Filho, Emygdio Leite TI Effects of crowding due to habitat loss on species assemblage patterns SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before-after-control-impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance-distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre- and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species' assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large-scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed. SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13443 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502679700001 PM 31773785 ER PT J AU Esquivel, J Park, BB Casanoves, F Delgado, D Park, GE Finegan, B AF Esquivel, Jimena Park, Byung Bae Casanoves, Fernando Delgado, Diego Park, Go-Eun Finegan, Bryan TI Altitude and species identity drive leaf litter decomposition rates of ten species on a 2950 m altitudinal gradient in Neotropical rain forests SO BIOTROPICA AB Identifying the environmental factors controlling litter decomposition is key to understanding the magnitude and rates of nutrient cycling in tropical forests, and how they may be influenced by climate variability and environmental change. We carried out a leaf litter translocation experiment in mature rain forest over a 2,520 m altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. Leaf litter decomposition rates (k) of ten tree species, two dominant species from each ecosystem, plus two standard species, were calculated over 540 days in four life zones. k was lowest in montane with 0.83 per year and lower montane forests with 2.21 per year. k did not differ between lowland and premontane forests at 3.12 per year, in spite of the 3celcius difference of mean annual temperature between these life zones. k varied fourfold among species. Species decomposition rates ranked as follows, and were predictably related to leaf economic spectrum traits of the species: Acalypha communis (standard, fast decomposer)>> Hyeronima oblonga > Alchornea latifolia, Quercus bumelioides, Jarava ichu (standard, slow decomposer)> Minquartia guianensis > Magnolia sororum > Vochysia allenii > Pourouma bicolor, Carapa guianensis. These two slowest-decomposing species were native premontane and lowland forest dominants, respectively, with tough, low-nutrient leaves. The ranking of species by k varied very little among life zones suggesting that decomposer organisms in very different ecosystems and environments react in similar ways to the litter quality in general. We conclude that while k decreases with temperature in rain forests on tropical mountains, bioclimatic zones defined as premontane may be "functionally lowland." The effects of species identity on decomposition rates on tropical mountains are consistent and independent of environment for both standard and native species. Under climate change on these mountains, if moisture regimes do not change, decomposition rates will increase due to rising temperatures. Soil carbon storage may therefore decrease. Changes in the altitudinal distributions of currently dominant species will also affect this critically important biogeochemical process. SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 52 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1111/btp.12730 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502594400001 ER PT J AU Emer, C Jordano, P Pizo, MA Ribeiro, MC Silva, FR Galetti, M AF Emer, Carine Jordano, Pedro Pizo, Marco A. Ribeiro, Milton C. da Silva, Fernanda R. Galetti, Mauro TI Seed dispersal networks in tropical forest fragments: Area effects, remnant species, and interaction diversity SO BIOTROPICA AB Seed dispersal interactions involve key ecological processes in tropical forests that help to maintain ecosystem functioning. Yet this functionality may be threatened by increasing habitat loss, defaunation, and fragmentation. However, generalist species, and their interactions, can benefit from the habitat change caused by human disturbance while more specialized interactions mostly disappear. Therefore, changes in the structure of the local, within fragment, networks can be expected. Here we investigated how the structure of seed dispersal networks changes along a gradient of increasing habitat fragmentation. We analyzed 16 bird seed dispersal assemblages from forest fragments of a biodiversity-rich ecosystem. We found significant species-, interaction-, and network-area relationships, yet the later was determined by the number of species remaining in each community. The number of frugivorous bird and plant species, their interactions, and the number of links per species decreases as area is lost in the fragmented landscape. In contrast, network nestedness has a negative relationship with fragment area, suggesting an increasing generalization of the network structure in the gradient of fragmentation. Network specialization was not significantly affected by area, indicating that some network properties may be invariant to disturbance. Still, the local extinction of partner species, paralleled by a loss of interactions and specialist-specialist bird-plant seed dispersal associations, suggests the functional homogenization of the system as area is lost. Our study provides empirical evidence for network-area relationships driven by the presence/absence of remnant species and the interactions they perform. in Spanish is available with online material. RI Emer, Carine/AAB-6912-2020; Emer, Carine/I-4741-2015; Jordano, Pedro/A-5162-2008 OI Emer, Carine/0000-0002-1258-2816; Emer, Carine/0000-0002-1258-2816; Jordano, Pedro/0000-0003-2142-9116; Galetti, Mauro/0000-0002-8187-8696; Pizo, Marco Aurelio/0000-0002-3103-0371; Ribeiro, Milton/0000-0002-4312-202X SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 52 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1111/btp.12738 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502607900001 ER PT J AU Padovani, RJ Salisbury, A Bostock, H Roy, DB Thomas, CD AF Padovani, Roberto J. Salisbury, Andrew Bostock, Helen Roy, David B. Thomas, Chris D. TI Introduced plants as novel Anthropocene habitats for insects SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Major environmental changes in the history of life on Earth have given rise to novel habitats, which gradually accumulate species. Human-induced change is no exception, yet the rules governing species accumulation in anthropogenic habitats are not fully developed. Here we propose that nonnative plants introduced to Great Britain may function as analogues of novel anthropogenic habitats for insects and mites, analysing a combination of local-scale experimental plot data and geographic-scale data contained within the Great Britain Database of Insects and their Food Plants. We find that novel plant habitats accumulate the greatest diversity of insect taxa when they are widespread and show some resemblance to plant habitats which have been present historically (based on the relatedness between native and nonnative plant species), with insect generalists colonizing from a wider range of sources. Despite reduced per-plant diversity, nonnative plants can support distinctive insect communities, sometimes including insect taxa that are otherwise rare or absent. Thus, novel plant habitats may contribute to, and potentially maintain, broader-scale (assemblage) diversity in regions that contain mixtures of long-standing and novel plant habitats. RI ; Thomas, Chris/A-1894-2012 OI Padovani, Roberto/0000-0003-4454-2795; Thomas, Chris/0000-0003-2822-1334 SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 DI 10.1111/gcb.14915 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502701000001 PM 31840377 ER PT J AU Devlin, MJ Lyons, BP Bacon, J Edmonds, N Tracey, D Al Zaidan, AS Al Ajmi, F Al-Wazzan, ZA Al-Hussain, MM Al Khaled, H Le Quesne, WJF AF Devlin, Michelle J. Lyons, Brett P. Bacon, John Edmonds, Nathan Tracey, Dieter Al Zaidan, Abdullah S. Al Ajmi, Fahad Al-Wazzan, Zainab A. Al-Hussain, Mona M. Al Khaled, Hessa Le Quesne, Will J. F. TI Principles to enable comprehensive national marine ecosystem status assessments from disparate data: The state of the marine environment in Kuwait SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE AB This paper presents an approach for preparing a comprehensive national marine ecosystem assessment and its application to the marine and coastal areas of the State of Kuwait. The approach is based on a set of principles to enable diverse data sources, of differing data quality and salience, to be combined into a single coordinated national assessment of marine ecosystem status to support the implementation of ecosystem-based management. The approach enables state assessments for multiple components of the marine ecosystem to be undertaken in a coordinated manner, using differing methods varying from quantitative to qualitative assessments depending on data and indicator availability. The marine ecosystem assessment is structured according to 6 major themes: i) Biodiversity, ii) Commercial Fisheries, iii) Food and Water Quality for Human Health, iv) Environmental Pollution, v) Eutrophication and Harmful Algal Blooms, and vi) Coastal Process and Oceanography. Comprehensive ecosystem assessments are an essential part of implementing the ecosystem approach, however detailed data directly related to clear, specified numerical management targets covering all aspects of a marine ecosystem are rarely available. The development of a State of the Marine Environment Report (SOMER) for Kuwait demonstrates that a coordinated comprehensive ecosystem assessment can be conducted using disparate data, and in relation to partially specified regulatory management objectives. The Kuwait SOMER highlighted the issues of coastal pollution, particularly sewage, for human health and the environment. It shows that the rapid urbanization of Kuwait has led to significant changes in the ecology, with clear impacts on coral reef health, the availability of nesting locations for turtles and habitats for migratory birds. Long-term changes in nutrient input, via waste water and modified freshwater inputs is resulting in demonstrable impacts on a range of marine species and habitats within Kuwait marine waters. It also supports the move towards a regional approach required due to transboundary properties of many of the ecosystem components, drivers and pressures. SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 230 AR 106407 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106407 UT WOS:000505649500012 ER PT J AU Yang, WB Shao, L Heizhati, M Wu, T Yao, XG Wang, YC Wang, L Li, NF AF Yang, Wenbo Shao, Liang Heizhati, Mulalibieke Wu, Ting Yao, Xiaoguang Wang, Yingchun Wang, Lei Li, Nanfang TI Oropharyngeal Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Decreased Diversity and Abundance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE AB Study Objectives: To explore and analyze diversity and abundance of oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Middle-aged men, suspected to have OSA, referred to full-night polysomnography, and willing to provide oropharyngeal swab samples, were consecutively enrolled. OSA severity was assessed by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as non-OSA (AHI < 5 events/h) and OSA (AHI >= 15 events/h). Bacterial DNA of oropharyngeal samples was extracted and quality test performed. Oropharyngeal microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis carried out after sequencing. Results: Samples from 51 men (25 in the non-OSA group and 26 in the OSA group) were sent for examination. Of these, 40 samples were found to have sufficient concentration of DNA and were analyzed for bioinformatics. In alpha diversity analysis, the OSA group exhibited significantly lower sobs (198.33 +/- 21.71 versus 216.57 +/- 26.21, P = .022), chao (221.30 +/- 26.62 versus 243.86 +/- 26.20, P = .014), ace (222.17 +/- 27.15 versus 242.42 +/- 25.81, P = .028) and shannon index (3.14 +/- 0.23 versus 3.31 +/- 0.26, P = .035), suggesting a reduction in microbial species diversity. We further divided participants into non-OSA, moderate OSA, and severe OSA groups and observed a significant decrease in the bacterial biodiversity of OSA groups compared with the non-OSA group, with the most significant decrease occurring in the moderate OSA group. Principal coordinate analysis showed two extremely different oropharyngeal microbial communities in non-OSA and OSA groups. More interestingly, proportion of Neisseria was slightly higher in the severe OSA group (20.64%), followed by the moderate OSA and non-OSA groups (12.57% and 9.69%, respectively). Glaciecola was not detected in the OSA groups compared to the non-OSA group (0 versus 0.772 +/- 0.4754, P < .001). Conclusions: Middle-aged men with OSA showed less oropharyngeal species diversity and altered abundance, on which further confirmation is warranted. SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1777 EP 1788 DI 10.5664/jcsm.8084 UT WOS:000503385300009 PM 31855163 ER PT J AU Li, T Xiong, QL Luo, P Zhang, YB Gu, XD Lin, B AF Li, Ting Xiong, Qinli Luo, Peng Zhang, Yubo Gu, Xiaodong Lin, Bo TI Direct and indirect effects of environmental factors, spatial constraints, and functional traits on shaping the plant diversity of montane forests SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Understanding the relative importance of the factors driving the patterns of biodiversity is a key research topic in community ecology and biogeography. However, the main drivers of plant species diversity in montane forests are still not clear. In addition, most existing studies make no distinction between direct and indirect effects of environmental factors and spatial constraints on plant biodiversity. Using data from 107 montane forest plots in Sichuan Giant Panda habitat, China, we quantified the direct and indirect effects of abiotic environmental factors, spatial constraints, and plant functional traits on plant community diversity. Our results showed significant correlations between abiotic environmental factors and trees (r = .10, p value = .001), shrubs (r = .19, p value = .001), or overall plant diversity (r = .18, p value = .001) in montane forests. Spatial constraints also showed significant correlations with trees and shrubs. However, no significant correlations were found between functional traits and plant community diversity. Moreover, the diversity (richness and abundance) of shrubs, trees, and plant communities was directly affected by precipitation, latitude, and altitude. Mean annual temperature (MAT) had no direct effect on the richness of tree and plant communities. Further, MAT and precipitation indirectly affected plant communities via the tree canopy. The results revealed a stronger direct effect on montane plant diversity than indirect effect, suggesting that single-species models may be adequate for forecasting the impacts of climate factors in these communities. The shifting of tree canopy coverage might be a potential indicator for trends of plant diversity under climate change. RI Xiong, Qinli/Y-7212-2018 OI Xiong, Qinli/0000-0003-3827-3437 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 BP 557 EP 568 DI 10.1002/ece3.5931 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502535600001 PM 31988741 ER PT J AU Kragt, ME Hay, E Scheufele, G Bennett, J Renton, M AF Kragt, Marit E. Hay, Eric Scheufele, Gabriela Bennett, Jeff Renton, Michael TI Predicting the effectiveness of community anti-poaching patrols for conserving threatened wildlife in the Lao PDR SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY AB Worldwide, wildlife poaching results in significant losses to biodiversity, especially for species that are most vulnerable and at risk of extinction. While studies that assess the impact of poaching have been conducted, there is limited work that evaluates strategies to reduce poaching pressure, and their subsequent effects on wildlife. We develop a model to predict the effectiveness of a unique community-led anti-poaching patrol programme for conserving local wildlife in a biodiversity hotspot in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Our model scenarios are based on local villagers' proposals to undertake anti-poaching patrols. To deal with limited data availability in this region, we develop a flexible modelling framework that can incorporate a range of data sources, including expert opinion. The model can be readily altered by the user if additional data becomes available. The results predict that, without intervention, 14 out of the 19 endangered species investigated are likely to be poached to local extinction over the next 10 years. Implementing anti-poaching patrols is predicted to protect individual animals and species in the area, although with diminishing marginal benefits as patrol-efforts increase. Synthesis and applications. We present the first model developed in the Southeast Asia region to examine the effectiveness of community anti-poaching patrols on protecting wildlife populations. This work is directly linked to an innovative Payments for Environmental Services programme where villagers are being paid for community-led anti-poaching patrols. Our model results demonstrate how different patrolling strategies can help to protect vulnerable species, and are being used to determine the payment levels for different patrolling schemes. RI Kragt, Marit/D-3185-2011; Renton, Michael/A-9979-2011 OI Kragt, Marit/0000-0001-6847-4817; Renton, Michael/0000-0003-1316-0145 SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 57 IS 2 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.13527 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502614900001 ER PT J AU Yip, ZT Quek, RZB Huang, DW AF Yip, Zhi Ting Quek, Randolph Z. B. Huang, Danwei TI Historical biogeography of the widespread macroalga Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY AB Sargassum is a cosmopolitan brown algal genus spanning the three ocean basins of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, inhabiting temperate, subtropical and tropical habitats. Sargassum has been postulated to have originated in the Oligocene epoch approximately 30 mya according to a broad phylogenetic analysis of brown macroalgae, but its diversification to become one of the most widespread and speciose macroalgal genera remains unclear. Here, we present a Bayesian molecular clock study, which analyzed data from the order Fucales of the brown algal crown radiation (BACR) group to reconstruct a time-calibrated phylogeny of the Sargassum clade. Our phylogeny included a total of 120 taxa with 99 Sargassum species sampled for three molecular markers - ITS-2, cox3 and rbcLS - calibrated with an unambiguous Sargassaceae fossil from between the lower and middle Miocene. The analysis revealed a much later origin of Sargassum than expected at about 6.7 mya, with the genus diversifying since approximately 4.3 mya. Current geographic distributions of Sargassum species were then analyzed in conjunction with the time-calibrated phylogeny using the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) model to estimate ancestral ranges of clades in the genus. Results strongly support origination of Sargassum in the Central Indo-Pacific (CIP) region with subsequent independent dispersal events into other marine realms. The longer history of diversification in the ancestral CIP range could explain the much greater diversity there relative to other marine areas today. Analyses of these dynamic processes, when fine-tuned to a higher spatial resolution, enable the identification of evolutionary hotspots and provide insights into long-term dispersal patterns. OI Yip, Zhi Ting/0000-0003-2664-7585 SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 DI 10.1111/jpy.12945 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502699600001 PM 31677168 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, S Lewandrowski, W Elliott, CP Miller, BP Turner, SR AF Tomlinson, Sean Lewandrowski, Wolfgang Elliott, Carole P. Miller, Ben P. Turner, Shane R. TI High-resolution distribution modeling of a threatened short-range endemic plant informed by edaphic factors SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Short-range endemic plants often have edaphic specializations that, with their restricted distributions, expose them to increased risk of anthropogenic extinction. Here, we present a modeling approach to understand habitat suitability for Ricinocarpos brevis R.J.F.Hend. & Mollemans (Euphorbiaceae), a threatened shrub confined to three isolated populations in the semi-arid south-west of Western Australia. The model is a maximum entropy species distribution projection constructed on the basis of physical soil characteristics and geomorphology data at approximately 25 m(2) (1 arc-second) resolution. The model predicts the species to occur on shallow, low bulk density soils that are located high in the landscape. The model shows high affinity (72.1% average likelihood of occurrence) for the known populations of R. brevis, as well as identifying likely locations that are not currently known to support the species. There was a strong relationship between the likelihood of R. brevis occurrence and soil moisture content that the model estimated at a depth of 20 cm. We advocate that our approach should be standardized using publicly available data to generate testable hypotheses for the distribution and conservation management of short-range endemic plant species for all of continental Australia. RI Miller, Ben/H-7190-2013 OI Miller, Ben/0000-0002-8569-6697 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 2 BP 763 EP 777 DI 10.1002/ece3.5933 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502536200001 PM 32015842 ER PT J AU Washko, S Roper, B Atwood, TB AF Washko, Susan Roper, Brett Atwood, Trisha B. TI Beavers alter stream macroinvertebrate communities in north-eastern Utah SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB Understanding changes in macroinvertebrate communities is important because they play a large role in stream ecosystem functioning, and they are an important food resource for fish. Beaver-induced changes to stream morphology could alter macroinvertebrate communities, which in turn could affect food webs and ecosystem function. However, studies investigating the effects of North American beaver activities on macroinvertebrates are rare in the inter-mountain west, an area with high potential for beaver-assisted restoration. The aim of this study was to quantify differences in the macroinvertebrate community between unaltered segments of streams and within beaver ponds in north-eastern Utah, U.S.A. We assessed macroinvertebrate species richness, biomass, density, functional feeding group composition, mobility group composition, and macroinvertebrate habitat characteristics to test the hypothesis that macroinvertebrate communities will differ among habitat types (undammed stream segments and beaver ponds) in beaver-occupied streams. Beaver pond communities significantly differed from lotic reach communities in many ways. Beaver ponds were less diverse with 25% fewer species. Although there was variability among streams, in general, beaver ponds had 75% fewer individuals and 90% lower total macroinvertebrate biomass compared to lotic reaches. Regarding functional feeding groups, beaver ponds contained more engulfers, while lotic reaches contained more scrapers, filterers, and gatherers. For mobility groups, beaver ponds had more sprawlers, while lotic reaches had more clingers. Swimmers were also more prevalent in lotic reaches, although this is probably due to the abundance of Baetis within lotic reaches. More beaver pond taxa were classified as lentic-dwelling insects, while more lotic reach taxa were categorised as preferring lotic habitats. The creation of ponds by beavers fundamentally altered the macroinvertebrate community in north-eastern Utah streams. Such changes to stream macroinvertebrate communities suggest that recolonisation of beavers across North America may be altering stream functioning and food webs. Our study highlights the need to further investigate the effects of beaver recolonisation on stream communities. OI Atwood, Trisha/0000-0001-7153-5190 SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 65 IS 3 BP 579 EP 591 DI 10.1111/fwb.13455 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502516300001 ER PT J AU Jansen, BVS Kolden, CA Greaves, HE Eitel, JUH AF Jansen, By V. S. Kolden, C. A. Greaves, H. E. Eitel, J. U. H. TI Lidar provides novel insights into the effect of pixel size and grazing intensity on measures of spatial heterogeneity in a native bunchgrass ecosystem SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT AB There is a strong link between vegetation heterogeneity and biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. However, quantifying spatial patterns of key metrics, such as aboveground biomass, at landscape scales remains a challenge. This stems from difficulties in accurately estimating grassland biomass at fine scales over large areas and determining what spatial scale is most appropriate to monitor how grassland impacts (e.g., livestock grazing) affect spatial patterns of biomass (i.e., spatial heterogeneity). Here, we use lidar metrics (volume, max height, and intensity) in Random Forest models to quantify fine-resolution (pixel size 1.0668 m (3.5 ft)) aboveground biomass estimates (pseudo R-2 = 0.59; RMSD = 139.4 g m(-2)) across a bunchgrass prairie grassland system. To determine both the effects of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of aboveground biomass and which pixel size is most sensitive to the effects of livestock grazing on grassland heterogeneity, we aggregated fine-resolution biomass maps to coarser pixel resolutions (3 m, 5 m, 8 m, 20 m, 30 m) across 23 pastures with varying levels of grazing intensity. Following aggregation to coarser pixel resolutions, we observed that semivariogram models produced statistically different (alpha = 0.05) measures of biomass heterogeneity. The range statistic was the only pasture-level semivariogram metric sensitive to grazing, and this relationship was only significant when using the finer-resolution datasets (similar to 1 m to 8 m pixels). Our results demonstrate 1) the applicability of lidar data for quantifying biomass in short-statured grasslands, 2) that grazing in pacific northwest bunchgrass prairie can decrease spatial heterogeneity of aboveground biomass and 3) that fine-resolution satellite data ( < 10 m pixel sizes) are necessary to effectively monitor the effects of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation biomass, an indirect metric of biodiversity at management scales (pasture sizes ranged from 40 to 745 ha) in this grassland ecosystem. SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 235 AR 111432 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111432 UT WOS:000501937600002 ER PT J AU Martinez-Fernandez, J Almendra-Martin, L de Luis, M Gonzalez-Zamora, A Herrero-Jimenez, C AF Martinez-Fernandez, J. Almendra-Martin, L. de Luis, M. Gonzalez-Zamora, A. Herrero-Jimenez, C. TI Tracking tree growth through satellite soil moisture monitoring: A case study of Pinus halepensis in Spain SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT AB In this study, the ability of satellite soil moisture to track tree growth is analyzed. Despite the reticence of using satellite soil moisture data in forest areas, there is evidence that in some cases, good and reliable results have been obtained. Forests cover very important continental areas and have great importance in many natural processes related to water resources, biodiversity and climate. For these reasons, it is interesting to investigate the applicability of remote sensing soil moisture products for new applications in these environments. In the present study, the CCI (Climate Change Initiative, Global Monitoring of Essential Climate Variables, European Space Agency) soil moisture (CCISM) database has been correlated with the tree-growth series of 22 samples of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Spain in different locations and environmental conditions. Aleppo pine is the most widespread pine species in the Mediterranean basin, and therefore, it is highly representative of the bioclimatic conditions in these water-limited environments. The series spans from 1978 to 2016, and the daily CCISM has been correlated with the annual tree-growth anomalies. The daily CCISM has been obtained using a moving window scheme with 1-, 7-, 15- and 30-day averages, starting on October 1st of the previous year and finishing on December 31st of the corresponding year. Another soil moisture product (Lisflood model) and precipitation have also been used in a similar approach to strengthen the assessment analysis. The results obtained show a clear temporal pattern of the relationship between satellite soil moisture and Aleppo pine tree growth, and the influence of soil moisture on tree-growth dynamics increases with reduced water availability. The CCISM was able to detect a bimodal pattern of tree growth with a maximum in May and a secondary peak in autumn. This temporal pattern was much clearer than that obtained using the modeled soil moisture and the precipitation. This study proves that satellite soil moisture is sensitive enough to track the phenology of this forest species. The results obtained demonstrate that satellite soil moisture data could be suitable for use in forest environments and for new applications. RI Martinez-Fernandez, Jose/B-3877-2012 OI Martinez-Fernandez, Jose/0000-0003-0446-9693 SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 235 AR 111422 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111422 UT WOS:000501937600014 ER PT J AU Lindenmayer, DB Westgate, MJ Scheele, BC Foster, CN Blair, DP AF Lindenmayer, David B. Westgate, Martin J. Scheele, Ben C. Foster, Claire N. Blair, David P. TI Key perspectives on early successional forests subject to stand-replacing disturbances SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB In forests subject to stand-replacing disturbances, early successional stands can provide important habitats for a range of species not typically present in long-undisturbed areas. Compared to old-growth forests, the habitat values of - and key ecological processes in - early successional forests have been less studied, perhaps due to a perception that early successional forests revert to a homogenous "clean slate" following stand-replacing disturbances. In this paper, we draw on 36 years of long-term research in the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) and Alpine Ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) forests of south-eastern Australia, together with examples from elsewhere around the world, to show that not all kinds of early successional forests are created equal. We argue that the ecological values of early successional forests can be profoundly affected by six inter-related factors: (1) The evolutionary context and environmental domain of a given ecosystem. (2) Successional stage and condition of a forest stand prior to disturbance. (3) Disturbance intensity, severity and type (e.g. wildfire versus clearcutting). (4) Post-disturbance conditions including climate and weather. (5) Post-disturbance management (e.g. salvage logging) which can have significant impacts on biological legacies. And, (6) The relative spatial extent and spatial arrangement of early and late successional forest across a landscape. These factors can influence ecological values directly, or through effects on the types, amount and spatial patterns of biological legacies present in early successional forest. We present a conceptual model highlighting the inter-relationships between these factors and illustrate its use through a detailed case study. Strategies to improve the management of early successional forests include: (1) Identifying the species associated with post-disturbance environments and the reasons why they occur in such environments. (2) Understanding the types, numbers, and spatial patterns of biological legacies that remain after natural disturbance. (3) Identifying critical areas that should be excluded from logging or other human disturbance. (4) Limiting the extent of post-disturbance activities like salvage logging that undermine the ecological values of, and ecosystem processes in, early successional forests. And, (5) Balancing the relative amounts of early successional versus late successional forest in a given landscape or region to ensure that a variety of forest types are present at any given time, and that critical biological legacies are retained. Paradoxically, ensuring that landscapes support extensive areas of late successional forest is critical so that future early successional forests are not devoid of the biological legacies necessary for ecosystem function and recovery. SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 454 AR 117656 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117656 UT WOS:000500372100009 ER PT J AU Yabuhara, Y Yamaura, Y Akasaka, T Yamanaka, S Nakamura, F AF Yabuhara, Yuki Yamaura, Yuichi Akasaka, Takumi Yamanaka, Satoshi Nakamura, Futoshi TI Seasonal variation in patch and landscape effects on forest bird communities in a lowland fragmented landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB In fragmented temperate landscapes, species responses to patch and landscape structures are likely to vary across seasons. However, few studies have examined the dynamic effects on biodiversity across seasons. We examined the effects of patch attributes and connectivity and seasonal variation in the effects of these environmental variables on forest bird communities at woodland fragments surrounded by agricultural land across three seasons (breeding, dispersal, and wintering seasons). We surveyed birds in woodland remnants and examined the effects of patch area, woodland connectivity, woodland type, and three interaction terms between these environmental variables and season (patch area x season, connectivity x season, and woodland type x season) on forest bird communities. In the results, species richness, abundance and composition of forest bird communities were associated with patch attributes and connectivity, and some of these associations varied depending on the season. Specifically, there were significantly higher abundances of specialist birds in riparian woodlands compared to conifer woodlands during the breeding season, whereas this pattern was reversed during the winter. In addition, we found the negative effects of patch area during the dispersal and wintering seasons and the positive effect of connectivity during the dispersal season on generalist bird abundances. These results suggest that woodland patches with high conservation values differ among three seasons. The conservation planning for a fragmented landscape therefore needs to consider the role of patch attributes and connectivity during multiple seasons rather than just the breeding season. RI Yamaura, Yuichi/A-3638-2012 OI Yamaura, Yuichi/0000-0001-9355-4413; Yabuhara, Yuki/0000-0003-3709-8606 SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 454 AR 117140 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.030 UT WOS:000500372100013 ER PT J AU Bartels, SF Gendreau-Berthiaume, B Macdonald, SE AF Bartels, Samuel F. Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit Macdonald, S. Ellen TI The impact of atmospheric acid deposition on tree growth and forest understory vegetation in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Atmospheric acid deposition is of major concern in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in northern Alberta, Canada, which is home to the third largest oil reserve in the world. After decades of oil sands production in the AOSR, the potential impact of deposition on forest health, including tree growth and understory biodiversity, is still not clear. We evaluated the relationship ofmodelled/interpolate atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), base cations (BC), and derived potential acid input (PAI) from surface oil sands mining with: (1) the radial growth (i.e. basal area increment; BAI) of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees using data from two decadal time periods, prior to (1957-1966) and during (2001-2010) active oil sands development in the AOSR; and (2) forest understory vegetation (abundance, diversity, and composition), which is an important component of forest biodiversity. BAI of jack pine trees varied with N, S, and BC deposition between the two time periods, and with the direction of the site relative to main emission sources. Growth was higher in areas close to the oil sands surface mining operations prior to and after oil sands development. BAI was also positively related to atmospheric deposition in the recent period, but these relationships were weaker in the active period versus the non-active period. Understory vegetation - including vascular plant cover, richness, and diversity - increased in relation to modelled atmospheric N and S deposition. There was limited correlation between soil pH or the BC: Al ratio (indicators of soil acidification) and BAI and understory vegetation responses. No evidence was found for detrimental effects of atmospheric emissions (and subsequent deposition) from oil sands production on tree growth or forest understory vegetation. The results, if anything, suggest a fertilization effect due to enhanced atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. OI Macdonald, Ellen/0000-0003-1750-1779 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 696 AR UNSP 133877 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133877 UT WOS:000498798600119 PM 31442720 ER PT J AU Lucas-Borja, ME Miralles, I Ortega, R Plaza-Alvarez, PA Gonzalez-Romero, J Sagra, J Soriano-Rodriguez, M Certini, G Moya, D Heras, J AF Lucas-Borja, M. E. Miralles, I Ortega, R. Plaza-Alvarez, P. A. Gonzalez-Romero, J. Sagra, J. Soriano-Rodriguez, M. Certini, G. Moya, D. Heras, J. TI Immediate fire-induced changes in soil microbial community composition in an outdoor experimental controlled system SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Short-term fire-induced changes to the soil microbial community are usually closely associated to fire severity, which essentially consists in the fire-induced loss or decomposition of organic matter above ground and below ground. Many functional processes and soil properties, including plant recolonization and soil microorganism activity, depend on fire severity. Seven days after burning, we evaluated the impact of two fire severities (low and high) on basic soil properties and the microbial communities in an outdoor experimental controlled system composed of six forest soil monoliths. The magnitude of change in microbial community was far greater than the change in physical and chemical soil properties. Total N was the only selected soil property that significantly varied depending on fire severity. The severely burned soils experienced significant changes in overall microbial biomass composition and phylogenetic composition of bacterial communities in comparison with control plots. Immediately after the fire, in fact, phyla and genera such as Acidobacteria-Gp4 or Bacteroidetes-Ohtaekwangia were much more abundant in the control monoliths. On the other hand, Firmicutes or Proteobacteria (e.g. Firmicutes Paenibacillus, Proteobacteria Phenylobacterium) were relatively more abundant in the monoliths burned with high severity in comparison with the low severity burned ones. Overall, the effect of fire on soil microbial communities was greater in the high severity burned monoliths than in the low severity burned ones. We concluded that in Mediterranean forest ecosystems, fire significantly alters soil bacterial composition depending on its severity. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI /J-5363-2016; Soriano, Miguel/L-9532-2014; Moya, Daniel/B-5979-2015 OI /0000-0001-6270-8408; Soriano, Miguel/0000-0002-1838-3615; Moya, Daniel/0000-0002-1909-1200 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 696 AR UNSP 134033 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134033 UT WOS:000498798600065 PM 31470330 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, L Holman, IP Dunford, R Harrison, PA AF Papadimitriou, Lamprini Holman, Ian P. Dunford, Robert Harrison, Paula A. TI Trade-offs are unavoidable in multi-objective adaptation even in a post-Paris Agreement world SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB In a post-Paris Agreement world, where global warming has been limited to 1.5 or 2 degrees C, adaptation is still needed to address the impacts of climate change. To reinforce the links between such climate actions and sustainable development, adaptation responses should be aligned with goals of environmental conservation, economic development and societal wellbeing. This paper uses a multi-sectoral integrated modelling platform to evaluate the impacts of a + 1.5 degrees C world to the end of the 21st century under alternative Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for Europe. It evaluates the ability of adaptation strategies to concurrently improve a range of indicators, relating to sustainable development, under the constraints imposed by the contrasting SSPs. The spatial synergies and trade-offs between sustainable development indicators (SDIs) are also evaluated across Europe. We find that considerable impacts are present even under low-end climate change, affecting especially biodiversity. Even when the SDIs improve with adaptation, residual impacts of climate change affect all the SDIs, apart from sustainable production. All but one of the adaptation strategies have unintended consequences on one or multiple SDIs, although these differ substantially between strategies, regions and socio-economic scenarios. The exception was the strategy to increase social and human capital. Other strategies that lead to successful adaptation with limited unintended consequences are those aiming at adoption of sustainable behaviours and implementation of sustainable water management. This work stresses the continuing importance of adaptation even under 1.5 degrees C or 2 degrees C of global warming. Further, it demonstrates the need for policy-makers to develop holistic adaptation strategies that take account of the synergies and trade-offs between sectoral adaptation strategies, sectors and regions, and are also constrained by scenario context to avoid over-optimistic assessments. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Holman, Ian/A-7108-2010 OI Holman, Ian/0000-0002-5263-7746; Papadimitriou, Lamprini/0000-0002-4232-4527 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 696 AR UNSP 134027 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134027 UT WOS:000498798600126 ER PT J AU Song, J Yang, R Chang, Z Li, WF Wu, JS AF Song, Jing Yang, Rui Chang, Zheng Li, Weifeng Wu, Jiansheng TI Adaptation as an indicator of measuring low-impact-development effectiveness in urban flooding risk mitigation SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Frequent and intensive urban flooding requires an extensive adoption of low-impact development (LID) to supplement traditional drainage infrastructures. Our study conceptualizes the resilient infrastructure framework with a particular reference to adaptation, an adjustment capacity in the social-ecological system to withstand various natural hazards and absorb negative impacts. We argue that adaption is an indicator for measuring LID effectiveness. A methodological framework is adopted using a time-dependent technique with a hydrodynamic inundation model to evaluate LID effectiveness. Results of a case study in Gongming, Shenzhen, China, show that LID projects can effectively reinforce adaptation capacity. However, spatial inequality and accumulation of different levels of adaptation are evident. This outcome is due to a relatively low absorption capacity because most areas will have a relatively high recovery capacity but retain a low absorption capacity with the construction of LID projects. A relatively mild increase in absorption capacity is due to the quality of man-made infrastructural development is conflicting across different areas of Gongming, for example some infrastructures are constructed by the government, whereas others by developers and villagers. In addition, the topographical factor makes some areas in Gongming lower-lying than others and is therefore increasingly vulnerable to urban flooding during rainstorms given the difficulty of discharging the surface runoff, thereby limiting the effectiveness of LID projects. Furthermore, the spatial inequality of adaptation improvement where LID projects cannot be evenly distributed within the research area leads to the unequal distribution of adaptation. These findings can confirm that the government can practically use adaptation as an indicator in evaluating LID effectiveness and identifying the problematic stages of drainage resilience in urban flooding risk mitigation. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. RI /E-1478-2011 OI /0000-0001-5386-3019 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 696 AR UNSP 133764 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133764 UT WOS:000498798600002 PM 31454603 ER PT J AU Bonsu, NO McMahon, BJ Meijer, S Young, JC Keane, A Dhubhain, AN AF Bonsu, Nana O. McMahon, Barry J. Meijer, Seline Young, Juliette C. Keane, Amelia Dhubhain, Aine Ni TI Conservation conflict: Managing forestry versus hen harrier species under Europe's Birds Directive SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB In this paper we examine an example of a conservation conflict that is encountered in Ireland arising from the designation of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for the Hen Harrier under the European Birds Directive (Directive, 2009/147/EC) and the consequent restrictions that are placed on forestry activities within these SPAs. We examine the causes of the Hen Harrier-forestry conflict; identify what stakeholders believe are the policy instruments and management strategies that may be useful in managing the conflict and finally identify plausible solutions that may be relevant to similar conflicts around multi-functional forests elsewhere in Europe and globally. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key actors in this conflict. Drawing on Walker and Daniels' conflict triangle theory, a qualitative analysis of the transcripts of these interviews revealed that the conflict between Hen Harrier conservation and forestry in Ireland has a number of deep-rooted dimensions including those relating to the substance (e.g. restrictions on forest management activity in the SPAs), as well as procedural (e.g. lack of stakeholder engagement) and relationship dimensions (e.g. lack of trust). The polarisation of views in this conflict testifies to how entrenched stakeholders can become through lack of communication and trust. The policy instruments that stakeholders identified as having potential to address the conflict include the introduction of incentives/compensation scheme; changes to restrictions; more data and research on Hen Harrier bird surveys; implementation of landscape management models; and better communication and stakeholder engagement. The study highlights that conservation conflicts persist due to the multi-functional nature of forests and also due to repeated mistakes in terms of the lack of engagement with local stakeholders. Increasing the involvement of local actors has important substantive and instrumental benefits including improving the quality of decisions, as well as creating a greater chance of policies being better socially and politically acceptable. The need for more and better capacity-building across EU Member States for statutory and government agencies to learn from one another in terms of how to avoid repeating the same mistakes from one site to another is highlighted. RI Young, Juliette/B-4225-2012 OI Young, Juliette/0000-0002-8522-0883; McMahon, Barry John/0000-0003-3143-8075 SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 252 AR UNSP 109676 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109676 UT WOS:000496035000049 PM 31614263 ER PT J AU Elalamy, Y Doyen, L Mouysset, L AF Elalamy, Yanis Doyen, Luc Mouysset, Lauriane TI Contribution of the land use allocation model for agroecosystems: The case of Torrecchia Vecchia SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB In this study, we developed a bio-economic model coupling land use and ecosystem services to investigate the role of forests on a broad set of ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, soil quality and biodiversity. As a case study, the model was calibrated with economic, agronomic and ecological data from the Torrecchia Vecchia agroecosystem in Italy. In our analysis of optimal land use allocation, the results showed that diversified land use is required to provide a good balance between provisioning and non-provisioning ecosystem services. More specifically, the development of woodlands alongside farming activities had a positive impact on the soil quality score and on landscape heterogeneity, which is a proxy for ecosystem function and resilience. These findings demonstrate that the inclusion of woodlands can alleviate the trade-offs between provisioning and non-provisioning services as they can generate profit while allowing for better soil quality and biodiversity relative to more intensive land use. The study also confirms that a landscape-scale method can be used to investigate agroecosystem management problems when spatially explicit data is not available. OI Doyen, Luc/0000-0001-8272-6187 SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 252 AR UNSP 109607 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109607 UT WOS:000496035000019 PM 31600689 ER PT J AU Mafi-Gholami, D Zenner, EK Jaafari, A Bakhtyari, HRR Bui, DT AF Mafi-Gholami, Davood Zenner, Eric K. Jaafari, Abolfazl Bakhtyari, Hamid Reza Riyahi Dieu Tien Bui TI Multi-hazards vulnerability assessment of southern coasts of Iran SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB Coastal vulnerability assessment has become one of the most important tools for decision making and providing effective managerial solutions to reduce adverse socio-economic impacts of multiple environmental hazards on coupled social-ecological systems of coastal areas. The aim of this study was to assess the vulnerability of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf (PG) and the Gulf of Oman (GO) in the Hormozgan province of Iran. Nine variables of vulnerability that included the rate of coastline change, relative sea level rise, coastal slope, mean tidal range, coastal geomorphology, significant wave height (SWH), extreme storm surge, population density, and fishing intensity were weighted, mapped, and combined into the Coastal vulnerability index (CVI). Experts viewed sea level rise, shoreline change and extreme storm surge as most important for imparting vulnerabilities on the northern coasts of PG and GO. Socio-economic variables (i.e., population density and fishery intensity) were considered least important. Of the total length of the provincial shoreline, 27% were classified into the very low vulnerability class, 31% into the low, 17.4% into the moderate, 15.4% into the high, and 9.2% into the very high vulnerability class. About 1295 km (58%) of shorelines were classified into the low and very low vulnerability classes (CVI value <= 8.32) and mainly consisted of shorelines on the western coast along the PG. In contrast, 553 km (24.6%) of shorelines were classified into the high and very high vulnerability classes (CVI values > 13.39) and were located along the central coasts (especially in the Qeshm Island and Strait of Hormuz) and on the east coasts of the GO. At least a quarter of all shorelines in the province have high and very high vulnerability to environmental hazards that are the harbingers of climate change. RI Bui, Dieu Tien/K-2125-2012; Jaafari, Abolfazl/AAG-5500-2019 OI Bui, Dieu Tien/0000-0001-5161-6479; SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 252 AR UNSP 109628 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109628 UT WOS:000496035000003 PM 31585255 ER PT J AU Meyerhoff, J Klefoth, T Arlinghaus, R AF Meyerhoff, Juergen Klefoth, Thomas Arlinghaus, Robert TI The value artificial lake ecosystems provide to recreational anglers: Implications for management of biodiversity and outdoor recreation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB Small lakes largely outnumber large lakes among the world's lentic ecosystems. Despite being common landscape elements, however, little is known about the value small lakes provide to recreationists. This paper presents results of an economic valuation study concerned with small gravel pits in Lower Saxony, Germany. Gravel pits are artificially created lake ecosystems that, particularly in Europe, are regularly used and managed by privately organized recreational anglers in an angling club context. A stated choice experiment provided insights into anglers' preferences for the abundance of target fish species, biodiversity of taxa other than fishes in the lakes as well as in the lake surroundings, and about the use of gravel pits by other recreationists for walking, swimming or boating. Latent class analysis identified five segments that varied in preferences. For the majority of anglers, the value of angling at gravel pit lakes was improved by an increase in the abundance of predatory fishes. Additionally, the presence of aquatic and terrestrial endangered species at the lakes increased the value of the ecosystems as perceived by the majority of anglers. By contrast, the presence of other recreational uses reduced the value of angling, with swimming being considered the most disturbing, while the degree of shoreline development had the least impact on the recorded choices. The results suggest that managing the gravel pit lakes for high biodiversity and the presence of desired game fish species maximizes the value for anglers. However, also two smaller segments with anglers revealing lexicographic preferences were identified. These anglers expressed either strong preferences against swimming in the lakes or strongly preferred the opportunity to use boats. Lake management may address the preference heterogeneity and the aversion against other recreational uses, such as swimming, by spatial zoning. RI Juergen, Meyerhoff/E-9458-2014 OI Juergen, Meyerhoff/0000-0003-4333-8514; Arlinghaus, Robert/0000-0003-2861-527X SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 252 AR UNSP 109580 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109580 UT WOS:000496035000011 PM 31590054 ER PT J AU Liu, JZ Sun, PF Sun, R Wang, SC Gao, B Tang, J Wu, YH Dolfing, J AF Liu, Junzhuo Sun, Pengfei Sun, Rui Wang, Sichu Gao, Bo Tang, Jun Wu, Yonghong Dolfing, Jan TI Carbon-nutrient stoichiometry drives phosphorus immobilization in phototrophic biofilms at the soil-water interface in paddy fields SO WATER RESEARCH AB Phototrophic biofilms are distributed widely at the sediment/soil-water interfaces (SWI) in paddy fields, where they immobilize phosphorus, thereby reducing its runoff loss. However, how soil carbon, nutrient availability and nutrient ratios drive the phototrophic biofilm community and its contribution to phosphorus cycling is largely unknown. A large scale field investigation in Chinese paddy fields reported here shows that soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) contents rather than soil total phosphorus (STP) triggered phosphorus immobilization of paddy biofilms, as they changed algal diversity and EPS production. High C: P and N: P ratios favored phosphorus immobilization in biofilm biomass via increasing the abundance of green algae. The C: N ratio on the other hand had only a weak effect on phosphorus immobilization, being counteracted by SOC or STN. Results from this study reveal how the in-situ interception of phosphorus in paddy fields is driven by soil carbon, nutrient availability and nutrient ratios and provide practical information on how to reduce runoff losses of phosphorus by regulating SOC and STN contents. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Dolfing, Jan/B-8641-2015; Liu, Junzhuo/F-4502-2016 OI Dolfing, Jan/0000-0002-7220-530X; Liu, Junzhuo/0000-0001-8349-3127; Sun, Pengfei/0000-0002-2881-6461 SN 0043-1354 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 167 AR 115129 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115129 UT WOS:000493220400021 PM 31581034 ER PT J AU Cybulski, C Kluzniak, W Huzarski, T Wokolorczyk, D Kashyap, A Rusak, B Stempa, K Gronwald, J Szymiczek, A Bagherzadeh, M Jakubowska, A Debniak, T Lener, M Rudnicka, H Szwiec, M Jarkiewicz-Tretyn, J Stawicka, M Domagala, P Narod, SA Lubinski, J Akbari, MR Bebenek, M Godlewski, D Gozdecka-Grodecka, S Gozdz, S Haus, O Janiszewska, H Jasi?wka, M Kilar, E Kordek, R Kozak-Klonowska, B Ksiazkiewicz, G Mackiewicz, A Marczak, E Mitus, J Morawiec, Z Niepsuj, S Sibilski, R Siolek, M Sir, J Surdyka, D Synowiec, A Szczylik, C Ucinski, R Wasko, B Wisniowski, R Byrski, T G?rski, B AF Cybulski, Cezary Kluzniak, Wojciech Huzarski, Tomasz Wokolorczyk, Dominika Kashyap, Aniruddh Rusak, Bogna Stempa, Klaudia Gronwald, Jacek Szymiczek, Agata Bagherzadeh, Maryam Jakubowska, Anna Debniak, Tadeusz Lener, Marcin Rudnicka, Helena Szwiec, Marek Jarkiewicz-Tretyn, Joanna Stawicka, Malgorzata Domagala, Pawel Narod, Steven A. Lubinski, Jan Akbari, Mohammad R. Bebenek, M. Godlewski, D. Gozdecka-Grodecka, S. Gozdz, S. Haus, O. Janiszewska, H. Jasiowka, M. Kilar, E. Kordek, R. Kozak-Klonowska, B. Ksiazkiewicz, G. Mackiewicz, A. Marczak, E. Mitus, J. Morawiec, Z. Niepsuj, S. Sibilski, R. Siolek, M. Sir, J. Surdyka, D. Synowiec, A. Szczylik, C. Ucinski, R. Wasko, B. Wisniowski, R. Byrski, T. Gorski, B. CA Polish Hereditary Breast Canc TI The spectrum of mutations predisposing to familial breast cancer in Poland SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER AB To optimize genetic testing, it is necessary to establish the spectrum of breast cancer-predisposing mutations in particular ethnic groups. We studied 1,018 women with a strong family history for breast cancer (families with hereditary breast cancer; HBC) from genetically homogenous population of Poland, which is populated by ethnic Slavs, for mutations in 14 cancer susceptibility genes. Additionally, we compared the frequency of candidate pathogenic variants in breast cancer cases and controls. Germline mutations were detected in 512 of 1,018 probands with breast cancer (50.3%), including BRCA1/2 mutations detected in 420 families and non-BRCA mutations seen in 92 families. Thirteen BRCA1/2 founder mutations represented 84% of all BRCA1/2-positive cases. Seven founder mutations of CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL represented 73% of all non-BRCA-positive cases. Odds ratios for hereditary breast cancer were 87.6 for BRCA1, 15.4 for PALB2, 7.2 for CHEK2, 2.8 for NBN and 15.8 for RECQL. Odds ratios for XRCC2, BLM and BARD1 were below 1.3. In summary, we found that 20 founder mutations in six genes (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL) are responsible for 82% of Polish hereditary breast cancer families. A simple test for these 20 mutations will facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in Poland. It may also facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in other Slavic populations and women of Slavic descent worldwide. OI Kashyap, Aniruddh/0000-0001-7374-7912; Jakubowska, Anna/0000-0002-5650-0501; Stempa, Klaudia/0000-0002-1909-9333 SN 0020-7136 EI 1097-0215 PD DEC 15 PY 2019 VL 145 IS 12 BP 3311 EP 3320 DI 10.1002/ijc.32492 UT WOS:000491231500013 PM 31173646 ER PT J AU Sokhn, S Challita, R Challita, A Challita, R AF Sokhn, Sayde Challita, Ronald Challita, Anthony Challita, Raymond TI The Infraorbital Foramen in a Sample of the Lebanese Population: A Radiographic Study SO CUREUS AB Purpose The infraorbital foramen (IOF) is an important structure in the maxillofacial region through which important structures pass. Wide variability in the shape and location of the infraorbital foramen among different populations and ethnic groups is present. So we conducted this study to specify the IOF shape, the presence of accessory foramina, and the IOF location with respect to anatomic landmarks in the Lebanese population. Patients and method A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 105 Lebanese adult patients. Images were reviewed and the shape, diameter, and location of the IOF were recorded. The presence of an accessory foramen was also noted. Then, SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US) was used for the statistical analysis. Results Concerning the distances from the IOF to the anatomic landmarks, the distance from the IOF to the infraorbital margin measured 7.98 +/- 1.41 mm, to the lateral nasal wall 10.61 +/- 2.39 mm, and to the midline 24.71 +/- 2.09 mm. When distances were compared, a statistical difference was only identified in the distance between the IOF and the lateral nasal wall (p=0.00), and the distance between the IOF and the middle of the face (p=0.016) between genders. For the shape of the IOF, 54.8% of the IOF were circular in shape, and this shape was the most common shape in females. An accessory foramen was present in 8.6% of the cases. Finally, the mean diameter of the foramina measured 3.71 +/- 0.63 mm. Conclusion The IOF shows a lot of variability between different populations. Thus, the exact location should always be remembered during an infraorbital nerve (ION) block, during maxillofacial surgeries, and during esthetic procedures involving the facial region in order to prevent unnecessary complications. EI 2168-8184 PD DEC 14 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR e6381 DI 10.7759/cureus.6381 UT WOS:000504824800002 PM 31938659 ER PT J AU Geraldi, NR Anton, A Santana-Garcon, J Bennett, S Marba, N Lovelock, CE Apostolaki, ET Cebrian, J Krause-Jensen, D Martinetto, P Pandolfi, JM Duarte, CM AF Geraldi, Nathan R. Anton, Andrea Santana-Garcon, Julia Bennett, Scott Marba, Nuria Lovelock, Catherine E. Apostolaki, Eugenia T. Cebrian, Just Krause-Jensen, Dorte Martinetto, Paulina Pandolfi, John M. Duarte, Carlos M. TI Ecological effects of non-native species in marine ecosystems relate to co-occurring anthropogenic pressures SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB Predictors for the ecological effects of non-native species are lacking, even though such knowledge is fundamental to manage non-native species and mitigate their impacts. Current theories suggest that the ecological effects of non-native species may be related to other concomitant anthropogenic stressors, but this has not been tested at a global scale. We combine an exhaustive meta-analysis of the ecological effects of marine non-native species with human footprint proxies to determine whether the ecological changes due to non-native species are modulated by co-occurring anthropogenic impacts. We found that non-native species had greater negative effects on native biodiversity where human population was high and caused reductions in individual performance where cumulative human impacts were large. On this basis we identified several marine ecoregions where non-native species may have the greatest ecological effects, including areas in the Mediterranean Sea and along the northwest coast of the United States. In conclusion, our global assessment suggests coexisting anthropogenic impacts can intensify the ecological effects of non-native species. RI Geraldi, Nathan/AAA-3645-2020; Duarte, Carlos M./A-7670-2013; Marba, Nuria/H-8136-2015; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; Krause-Jensen, Dorte/J-5666-2013 OI Geraldi, Nathan/0000-0002-2669-3867; Duarte, Carlos M./0000-0002-1213-1361; Marba, Nuria/0000-0002-8048-6789; Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Anton, Andrea/0000-0002-4104-2966; Krause-Jensen, Dorte/0000-0001-9792-256X SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 DI 10.1111/gcb.14930 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502471800001 PM 31758645 ER PT J AU Fennell, DA Bowyer, E AF Fennell, David A. Bowyer, Emily TI Tourism and sustainable transformation: a discussion and application to tourism food consumption SO TOURISM RECREATION RESEARCH AB This article introduces the idea of sustainable transformation at a time when sustainability science is crucial to the future development of the tourism industry. Here, we discuss background topics including sustainability, social-ecological systems, technology and innovation, resilience, and transitions, how each relate to each other, as well as how they interface with the new science of transformation. Based on a comprehensive overview of the literature, we developed the Tourism and Sustainable Transformation Framework and applied it to the current problems around food waste produced in restaurants, with the ultimate goal of reducing food waste in these establishments altogether. The framework is general enough to apply to any sector in tourism, or indeed any industry, and is built according to the value that the UN places on transformation as a prominent theme in their Sustainable Development Goals. SN 0250-8281 EI 2320-0308 DI 10.1080/02508281.2019.1694757 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502647900001 ER PT J AU Wlostowski, AN Schulte, NO Adams, BJ Ball, BA Esposito, RMM Gooseff, MN Lyons, WB Nielsen, UN Virginia, RA Wall, DH Welch, KA Mcknight, DM AF Wlostowski, Adam N. Schulte, Nicholas O. Adams, Byron J. Ball, Becky A. Esposito, Rhea M. M. Gooseff, Michael N. Lyons, W. Berry Nielsen, Uffe N. Virginia, Ross A. Wall, Diana H. Welch, Kathy A. Mcknight, Diane M. TI The Hydroecology of an Ephemeral Wetland in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES AB The McMurdo Dry Valleys is a polar desert on the coast of East Antarctica where ephemeral wetlands become hydrologically active during warm and sunny summers when subsurface flows are generated from melting snowfields. To understand the structure and function of polar wetland ecosystems, we investigated the hydroecology of one such wetland, the Wormherder Creek wetland, during the warm and sunny summer of 2008 - 2009, when the wetland was hydrologically reactivated. Conservative tracer (LiCl) was injected for a 2-hr period into a stream above the wetland to determine flow path orientations and hydrologic residence times. Tracer results indicated that surface water is rapidly exchanged with wetland groundwater and wetland residence times may exceed two austral summers. Major ion concentrations were uniform in samples from surface water and shallow groundwater throughout the wetland. Microbial mats in the wetland had high autotrophic index values (the ratios of chlorophyll a [Chl-a]/ash-free dry mass), ranging from 9 to 38 mu g Chl-a/mg ash-free dry mass, indicative of actively photosynthesizing mat communities. The diatom communities in the mats were relatively uniform compared to those in mats from regularly flowing McMurdo Dry Valleys streams, with four endemic and one widespread diatom taxa of the genus Luticola accounting for an average of 86% of the community. These results indicate that the hydrologic characteristics of the wetland contribute to uniform geochemical conditions. In turn, uniform geochemical conditions may explain the high autotrophic index values of the microbial mats and relatively low spatial variation of the diatom community. SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 124 IS 12 BP 3814 EP 3830 DI 10.1029/2019JG005153 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502502100001 ER PT J AU Shumba, S Landman, C AF Shumba, Sibiziwe Landman, Christina TI Towards the inculturation of marriage rituals in he National Baptist Convention of Zimbabwe SO HTS TEOLOGIESE STUDIES-THEOLOGICAL STUDIES AB In this article, we seek to give a missiological critique of the inculturation of marriage rituals in the National Baptist Convention (NBC) of Zimbabwe. We examine and explore the inculturation that could help expedite greater engagement between the NBC of Zimbabwe and the Shona and Ndebele cultures in Midlands and Matabeleland regions. The challenges facing the inculturation of marriage rituals are examined. We use missiological research methodologies that include the seven-point praxis matrix propounded by Kritzinger. The praxis matrix is used as a grid of missiological questions in qualitative paradigms. A case study design and sample of fifteen research respondents from six of the thirteen denominations are used. The sample includes the National Executive members, pastors, elders, deacons, church committee members and lay member. Interviews and observations are the instruments. The findings reveal that Convention members regard inculturation of marriage rituals important. They inculturated payment of bride price, ululating, dancing, and marrying someone whose background is known since they are biblical. Polygamy, divination and ancestor veneration is rejected. Kusungira ritual and conducting marriage rituals in November is controversial. Inculturation is hindered by fear of syncretism, clash of doctrines, expensive and oppressive and many ethnic groups in the Convention. It is recommended that the Convention encourages payment of bride price and carefully handles controversies surrounding marriage rituals. The preaching and teaching against views that perpetuate patriarchy subordination of women by men men in the society and the fusion of the church and traditional wedding ceremonies should be encouraged. SN 0259-9422 EI 2072-8050 PD DEC 13 PY 2019 VL 75 IS 1 AR a5432 DI 10.4102/hts.v75i1.5432 UT WOS:000508120500001 ER PT J AU Pfingstl, T Wagner, M Hiruta, SF Koblmuller, S Hagino, W Shimano, S AF Pfingstl, Tobias Wagner, Maximilian Hiruta, Shimpei F. Koblmuller, Stephan Hagino, Wataru Shimano, Satoshi TI Phylogeographic patterns of intertidal arthropods (Acari, Oribatida) from southern Japanese islands reflect paleoclimatic events SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB The Japanese islands represent one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. Their geological history and present geography resulted in a high number of endemic species in nearly all major metazoan clades. We investigated the phylogeography of three different intertidal mite species from the Ryukyu islands and southern mainland by means of morphometry and molecular genetics. None of the species represents an endemic, nearly all show distributions ranging over at least the southern and central Ryukyus. Two species, Fortuynia shibai and F. churaumi sp. n. clearly represent sister species that are derived from a common Eastern ancestor. Molecular genetic results indicate that these species separated approx. 3 Ma before the opening of the Okinawa trough, whereas F. shibai most likely showed an ancestral distribution stretching from the central Ryukyus across the Tokara strait to Japanese mainland, whereas F. churaumi probably evolved somewhere south of the Tokara strait. Phylogenetic data further indicates that long periods of isolation resulted in heterogeneous genetic structure but subsequent low sea level stands during Pleistocene allowed recent expansion and gene flow between island populations. Comparing these patterns with those of other animals, these tiny wingless mites apparently show better dispersal abilities than partially volant terrestrial organism groups. OI Pfingstl, Tobias/0000-0002-0778-8051 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 13 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 19042 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55270-z UT WOS:000503159600001 PM 31836729 ER PT J AU Bomanowska, A Adamowski, W Kirpluk, I Otreba, A Rewicz, A AF Bomanowska, Anna Adamowski, Wojciech Kirpluk, Izabella Otreba, Anna Rewicz, Agnieszka TI Invasive alien plants in Polish national parks-threats to species diversity SO PEERJ AB Due to the relevance of protected areas to the conservation of native biota, the magnitude of invasions and threats posed by alien plants are currently important issues for the preservation of these areas. The paper summarises data on invasive alien plant species presence in the most valuable protected areas in Poland, i.e. national parks (NPs). We investigated the distribution of invasive alien plant species and management attempts concerning those species. We analysed data obtained from 23 national parks originating from published and unpublished sources. Invasive plants were present in all protected areas analysed, from two to 42 species in a particular national park, and 68 in total. The most widely distributed species were: Impatiens parviflora (present in 19 NPs), I. glandulifera (17), Solidago gigantea (17), Reynoutria japonica (17), and Robinia pseudoacacia (16). The conducted analyses showed that the number of invasive species decreased with the higher altitude (asl) of the national park. The most often managed species were Impatiens glandulifera (being removed in seven NPs), I. parviflora (six), Padus serotina (four) and Quercus rubra (four). In the majority of NPs, control activities are limited to small areas and singular species, thus having an incidental character. Only in five objects (Bialowieta NP, Biebrza NP, Kampinos NP, Tuchola NP, Wigry NP), management has been focused on several species. We conclude that a lack of comprehensive management of invasive plant species in the majority of national parks currently limits the effectiveness of IAS (invasive alien species) eradication. Exchange of expertise among protected areas, documenting best practice examples, synthesising lessons learnt in IAS management, as well as the development of minimum standards for invasive plants surveillance and management are pivotal. SN 2167-8359 PD DEC 13 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e8034 DI 10.7717/peerj.8034 UT WOS:000502757100002 PM 31844565 ER PT J AU Abarca-Avila, MM Herrtera-Dorantes, MT Winfield, I Ardisson, PL AF Mariel Abarca-Avila, Monica Teresa Herrtera-Dorantes, Maria Winfield, Ignacio Ardisson, Pedro-Luis TI Updated checklist and identification key of benthic tanaidaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the sublittoral zone of the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico SO ZOOTAXA AB A taxonomic checklist of sublittoral tanaidaceans from the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, southern Gulf of Mexico, is presented in this study; it includes notes on geographic distribution, habitat, and an identification key. The genus Cacoheterotanais and the species Cacoheterotanais rogerbamberi, Mesokalliapseudes macsweenyi, Pagurotanais largoensis, Parakonarus juliae, and Psammokalliapseudes granulosus have their known distribution range within the Gulf of Mexico expanded, and are considered new records; this increases the number of tanaidacean species to 23 for the southeastern Gulf, and to 87 for the entire Gulf of Mexico. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 13 PY 2019 VL 4711 IS 1 BP 51 EP 76 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.1.2 UT WOS:000502534200002 ER PT J AU Fatemi, Y Stohr, S AF Fatemi, Yaser Stohr, Sabine TI Annotated species list of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, with new records SO ZOOTAXA AB Published records on the Ophiuroidea fauna of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are scattered in difficult to access journals and books. This study presents a compilation of all published records, complemented with data from new samples. Distribution, habitat and depth in the study area, as well as known Indian Ocean distributions, are included. The taxonomic status of all species was evaluated, critical comments were added as applicable, and several previous records were reassigned to other species. Ophiocoma erinaceus was removed from the fauna of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, because the only published record was instead Ophiocoma schoenleinii. Previous studies assumed that 46 species of brittle star were known from the study area, but only 38 species were confirmed by this re-assessment, including two new records (Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) foveolata and Ophiocomella sexradia). Diagnostic features are supplied for difficult to distinguish species. Five species (Macrophiothrix elongata, Amphiura fasciata, Amphiura (Opliiopeltis) hexactis, Amphioplus echinulatus, and Amphioplus seminudus) are so far worldwide known only from the Persian Gulf area. A hexamerous, fissiparous species of Ophiothela that does not concur with any known species was found and may represent a new species. All newly collected species are illustrated with photographs. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 13 PY 2019 VL 4711 IS 1 BP 77 EP 106 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.1.3 UT WOS:000502534200003 ER PT J AU Millan, F Izere, C Breton, V Voldoire, O Biron, DG Wetzel, CE Miallier, D Allain, E Ector, L Beauger, A AF Millan, Fanny Izere, Cheilla Breton, Vincent Voldoire, Olivier Biron, David G. Wetzel, Carlos E. Miallier, Didier Allain, Elisabeth Ector, Luc Beauger, Aude TI The effect of natural radioactivity on diatom communities in mineral springs SO BOTANY LETTERS AB Diatoms are good indicators of water quality because of their great diversity and wide ecological range. They are also interesting in assessing the impact of radioactivity on ecosystems because of their capacity to absorb radioelements. They also show radio-induced deformities, observed in many species. In order to assess more precisely the impact of natural radioactivity, diatom communities were monitored during a 9-month survey in two mineral springs characterized by radioactivity levels ranging within two orders of magnitude. The experimental data obtained were analyzed using different multivariate and clustering analyses. The richness was high with the dominance of Planothidium frequentissimum and Crenotia angustior. In the most radioactive spring known in Auvergne (above 4000 Bq L-1 radon activity), the average deformation was 24.7%, in contrast with lower teratological rates observed in the less radioactive spring. In the absence of heavy metals, this result confirmed that radioactivity is an environmental stress for the diatoms living in these particular ecosystems. This conclusion was reinforced by the selection of springs from a database of 126 ecosystems comparable to our studied sites except the lower level of radioactivity. In these "mirror" springs, few deformations were observed. OI Breton, Vincent/0000-0001-8197-7080; Ector, Luc/0000-0002-4573-9445 SN 2381-8107 EI 2381-8115 DI 10.1080/23818107.2019.1691051 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502044000001 ER PT J AU Wendiro, D Wacoo, AP Wise, G AF Wendiro, Deborah Wacoo, Alex Paul Wise, Graham TI Identifying indigenous practices for cultivation of wild saprophytic mushrooms: responding to the need for sustainable utilization of natural resources SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE AB Background Due to increasing pressure on natural resources, subsistence agriculture communities in Uganda and Sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing increasingly restricted access to diminishing natural resources that are a critical requirement of their livelihoods. Previously, common-pool resources like forests and grasslands have been either gazetted for conservation or leased for agriculture, the latter in particular for large-scale sugarcane production. Satisfying the increasing consumer demand for grassland or forestry products like wild mushrooms as food or medicine, requires innovative ethno-biological and industry development strategies to improve production capacity, while easing the pressure on diminishing natural resources and averting ecosystems degradation. Methods This case study addresses traditional knowledge systems for artisanal mycoculture to identify cultivation practices that enhance sustainable utilization of natural resources. Multi-scalar stakeholder engagement across government and community sectors identified artisanal mushroom producers across five districts in Uganda. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews characterized artisanal production methods and identified locally used substrates for cultivation of different mushroom species. Results Artisanal practices were characterized for the cultivation of six wild saprophytic mushroom species including Volvariella speciosa (akasukusuku), two Termitomyces sp. (obunegyere and another locally unnamed species), Agaricus sp. (ensyabire) and Agrocybe sp. (emponzira), and one exotic Pleurotus sp. (oyster) that are used as food or medicine. The substrates used for each species differed according to the mushroom's mode of decomposition, those being the following: tertiary decomposers such as those growing under rotting tree stumps or logs from forestry activity like the Agrocybe sp. known as emponzira which grows in forests, thickets, or near homesteads where big logs of hardwood have been left to rot. Also pieces of firewood are chipped off whenever need arises thus providing fuel; secondary decomposers growing on naturally composted grass associated with termites like the Termitomyces sp. known as obunegyere growing in protected sites in gardens, composted cattle manure for Agaricus sp. known as ensyabire in the kraal area where cattle manure is plenty, composted maize cobs for a locally unnamed Agaricus sp. on heaped cobs placed near homesteads; and primary decomposers growing on waste sorghum from brewing the traditional alcoholic drink, muramba for Pleurotus sp. (oyster), and banana and spear grass residue from banana juice processing like the Volvariella speciosa known as akasukusuku because it is associated with the banana plantation locally known in the Luganda language as olusuku and is usually heaped under ficus trees. Management practices also varied based on mode of decomposition and other ecological requirements such as the following: zero tillage and minimal disturbance in areas where obunegyere grow, heaping banana and spear grass residues under the cool ficus trees which also keep them away from banana stump that may cause infestation with nematodes and insects. Even within the generic practices accessibility by the users is critical for example placing logs near homes where children can use them to play, they can be used as fire wood and to even get off-season mushroom as household waste water can make the mushrooms grow. Conclusions Our description of artisanal mycoculture methods that respond to conservation and utilization pressures, demonstrates the value of addressing traditional knowledge to improve ethno-biology and mycoculture industry practice. Traditional communities engage in multiple technological and organizational innovations and practices for sustainability and in the case of mushroom production to conserve the environment and culture, ensure variety, food and nutrition security, and income. The results of this study present opportunities to preserve ecosystem quality while developing an artisanal mycoculture system. They have also identified aspects of artisanal mycoculture that most urgently require further ethno-biological study and industry development. Future research and industry development can utilize the result of this study to boost artisanal production of wild saprophytic mushrooms in Sub-Saharan countries, for food or medicinal consumption, and environment conservation. Further development of production efficiencies in context with sustainable natural resource management is recommended. OI Wise, Graham/0000-0002-2958-1457 EI 1746-4269 PD DEC 12 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 1 AR 64 DI 10.1186/s13002-019-0342-z UT WOS:000502715200001 PM 31831075 ER PT J AU Qiu, L Zhu, L Chang, P Wang, JL Fan, JX Gao, T AF Qiu, Ling Zhu, Ling Chang, Ping Wang, Jialei Fan, Junxi Gao, Tian TI Is urban spontaneous vegetation rich in species and has potential for exploitation?-A case study in Baoji, China SO PLANT BIOSYSTEMS AB To strengthen the exploitation and utilization of groundcover resources of spontaneous vegetation, this study was carried out by using a linear measurement method for species investigation of spontaneous vegetation in Baoji green space, China. The results showed that 122 spontaneous vegetation species were identified including 100 genera and 38 families. Species richness (SR) in semi-open green space was significantly higher than other green spaces; the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (SHDI) of semi-open and closed green spaces was significantly higher than other green spaces; the Pielou evenness index (E) of closed green space was significantly higher than others. The Sorensen-Dice similarity coefficient (SDI) of the total species between the four type of structural habitats first decreased and then rose along with the increased gradients of the canopy closure, while the SDI of the widely distributed species (frequency >= 10) slightly rose in the beginning and subsequently sharply decreased, it is SDI that between semi-closed and closed green is only 19.05%. In addition, the potential application of spontaneous wild vegetation was analyzed and discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis and development ideas for enriching urban landscape characteristics, constructing a better grassland ecosystem in Chinese cities, and developing new urban ecological designs. SN 1126-3504 EI 1724-5575 DI 10.1080/11263504.2019.1701125 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502449700001 ER PT J AU Myers, EMV Anderson, MJ Eme, D Liggins, L Roberts, CD AF Myers, Elisabeth M. V. Anderson, Marti J. Eme, David Liggins, Libby Roberts, Clive D. TI Changes in key traits versus depth and latitude suggest energy-efficient locomotion, opportunistic feeding and light lead to adaptive morphologies of marine fishes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY AB Understanding patterns and processes governing biodiversity along broad-scale environmental gradients, such as depth or latitude, requires an assessment of not just taxonomic richness, but also morphological and functional traits of organisms. Studies of traits can help to identify major selective forces acting on morphology. Currently, little is known regarding patterns of variation in the traits of fishes at broad spatial scales. The aims of this study were (a) to identify a suite of key traits in marine fishes that would allow assessment of morphological variability across broad-scale depth (50-1200 m) and latitudinal (29.15-50.91 degrees S) gradients, and (b) to characterize patterns in these traits across depth and latitude for 144 species of ray-finned fishes in New Zealand waters. Here, we describe three new morphological traits, namely fin-base-to-perimeter ratio, jaw-length-to-mouth-width ratio, and pectoral-fin-base-to-body-depth ratio. Four other morphological traits essential for locomotion and food acquisition that are commonly measured in fishes were also included in the study. Spatial ecological distributions of individual fish species were characterized in response to a standardized replicated sampling design, and morphological measurements were obtained for each species from preserved museum specimens. With increasing depth, fishes, on average, became larger and more elongate, with higher fin-base-to-perimeter ratio and larger jaw-length-to-mouth-width ratio, all of which translates into a more eel-like anguilliform morphology. Variation in mean trait values along the depth gradient was stronger at lower latitudes for fin-base-to-perimeter ratio, elongation and total body length. Average eye size peaked at intermediate depths (500-700 m) and increased with increasing latitude at 700 m. These findings suggest that, in increasingly extreme environments, fish morphology shifts towards a body shape that favours an energy-efficient undulatory swimming style and an increase in jaw-length vs. mouth width for opportunistic feeding. Furthermore, increases in eye size with both depth and latitude indicate that changes in both the average ambient light conditions as well as seasonal variations in day-length can act to select ecomorphological adaptations in fishes. OI Anderson, Marti/0000-0002-4018-4049; Myers, Elisabeth/0000-0001-5343-349X SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.13131 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502521100001 PM 31646627 ER PT J AU Lambert, C Lannoy, N Meite, N Sanogo, I Eeckhoudt, S Hermans, C AF Lambert, Catherine Lannoy, Nathalie Meite, N'Dogomo Sanogo, Ibrahima Eeckhoudt, Stephane Hermans, Cedric TI Inhibitor epidemiology and genetic-related risk factors in people with haemophilia from Cote d'Ivoire SO HAEMOPHILIA AB Introduction In Sub-Saharan Africa, inhibitor prevalence data in people with haemophilia (PWH) are scarce, as are data on genetic or treatment-related risk factors. Aims and methods We performed a prospective study on PWH from Cote d'Ivoire to collect data into inhibitor prevalence, create a database of haemophilia genotypes, establish correlations between inhibitor presence and genetic variants identified amongst Ivoirian PWHs and evaluate exposure to CFCs. Results The study included 54 unrelated participants (43 severe, four moderate, two mild haemophilia A and five severe haemophilia B). PWH were treated on-demand with various product types for short periods, non-intensively, and using low-dose regimens. We reported similar distributions of intron 22 inversions (39.5%), point pathogenic variants (32.6%) and rearrangements in Ivoirian severe haemophilia A patients versus non-African ethnic groups. The haplotypes H1 (29.6%), H2 (36.3%) and H3 (34.1%) frequencies in haemophilia A were consistent with results published on African populations. We identified eight new causal variants. An inhibitor was found in 12% of haemophilia A patients previously exposed to replacement therapies. Among PWH with inhibitors, 66.7% had a positive intron 22 inversion and 50% the H1 haplotype. Conclusion This study provides original data on molecular diagnosis of haemophilia, inhibitor prevalence and risk factors for inhibitor development previously associated with inhibitors in Cote d'Ivoire. The low inhibitor prevalence likely reflects the limited exposure to replacement therapy in Cote d'Ivoire. Further larger, multicentric and international studies are needed to gain more insight on inhibitor incidence and risk factors in African PWH. OI Lambert, catherine/0000-0003-2222-0357 SN 1351-8216 EI 1365-2516 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 26 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1111/hae.13902 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502237800001 PM 31829478 ER PT J AU Brun, P Zimmermann, NE Graham, CH Lavergne, S Pellissier, L Munkemuller, T Thuiller, W AF Brun, Philipp Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Graham, Catherine H. Lavergne, Sebastien Pellissier, Loic Munkemuller, Tamara Thuiller, Wilfried TI The productivity-biodiversity relationship varies across diversity dimensions SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS AB Understanding the processes that drive the dramatic changes in biodiversity along the productivity gradient remains a major challenge. Insight from simple, bivariate relationships so far has been limited. We combined >11,000 community plots in the French Alps with a molecular phylogeny and trait information for >1200 plant species to simultaneously investigate the relationships between all major biodiversity dimensions and satellite-sensed productivity. Using an approach that tests for differential effects of species dominance, species similarity and the interplay between phylogeny and traits, we demonstrate that unimodal productivity-biodiversity relationships only dominate for taxonomic diversity. In forests, trait and phylogenetic diversity typically increase with productivity, while in grasslands, relationships shift from unimodal to declining with greater land-use intensity. High productivity may increase trait/phylogenetic diversity in ecosystems with few external constraints (forests) by promoting complementary strategies, but under external constraints (managed grasslands) successful strategies are similar and thus the best competitors may be selected. RI Zimmermann, Niklaus E./A-4276-2008 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus E./0000-0003-3099-9604 SN 2041-1723 PD DEC 12 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 5691 DI 10.1038/s41467-019-13678-1 UT WOS:000502257000001 PM 31831803 ER PT J AU Tourinho, AL Benchimol, M Porto, W Peres, CA Storck-Tonon, D AF Tourinho, Ana Lucia Benchimol, Maira Porto, Willians Peres, Carlos A. Storck-Tonon, Danielle TI Marked compositional changes in harvestmen assemblages in Amazonian forest islands induced by a mega dam SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY AB Mega hydroelectric dams have become one of the main drivers of habitat loss in tropical forests, converting large tracts of pristine forests into isolated forest islands. Understanding how biodiversity cope with landscape modification in these archipelagic landscapes is of paramount importance to assess the environmental consequences of dam infrastructure and propose mitigation actions for biodiversity conservation. In this context, harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) comprise an excellent indicator taxon of habitat quality, given their high sensitivity to desiccation and microclimatic change. We investigate the effects of landscape change induced by a mega hydropower dam on forest harvestmen species richness, abundance and composition within the Balbina Hydroelectric Dam, Central Brazilian Amazon. We sampled 20 islands and 5 mainland continuous forests, relating our biological response variables to local, patch and landscape scale metrics. Although unexpectedly species richness was unaffected by any local, patch and landscape variables, species composition and abundance were differentially affected by a set of predictor variables at different scales. Forest cover and fallen woody stems were significant predictors of species composition, whereas vegetation density, forest cover, island area, abundance of palm trees, and fallen woody stems best explained harvestmen abundance. Our results indicate that both islands embedded within greater and lower amount of forest cover are important to ensure high diversity of harvestmen. We recommend retaining large forest habitat patches surrounded by a large amount of forest cover to minimise forest disturbance effects and enhance long-term persistence of harvestmen sensitive species in large hydroelectric dams. OI Tourinho, Ana Lucia/0000-0001-8335-328X; Porto, Willians/0000-0002-4209-5664 SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 DI 10.1111/icad.12398 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502156900001 ER PT J AU Chanut, PCM Siebers, AR Robinson, CT AF Chanut, Pierre C. M. Siebers, Andre R. Robinson, Christopher T. TI Flood disturbance affects macroinvertebrate food chain length in an alluvial river floodplain SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB Characterising food-web responses to environmental factors could greatly improve our understanding of environment-biota relationships, and especially in floodplains where trophic interactions can be particularly important during phases of hydrological disconnection. The effects of floodplain hydrology and environmental attributes on structural aspects of biotic assemblages have been extensively studied, but responses at the functional level remain largely unknown. Here, we characterised a central aspect of food-web architecture, the food chain length, as the maximum trophic position within 24 macroinvertebrate communities of parafluvial habitats in the Maggia river floodplain, in Switzerland. We investigated how the food chain length changed with different levels of habitat size, primary productivity and disturbance, the three factors potentially affecting food chain length in both theoretical and empirical studies. We found that food chain length was lower in frequently flooded habitats and immediately after a flood. We also showed that trophic omnivory, where predators fed at lower trophic levels after flooding, and in more frequently flooded habitats, may explain these changes. These findings show that trophic omnivory may explain how predators resist disturbance and are maintained in highly dynamic landscapes. More importantly, given that trophic omnivory may overall weaken trophic linkages and thus increase food-web stability, this suggests that it could be a key mechanism in sustaining biodiversity in river floodplains. RI Siebers, Andre/D-8656-2018 OI Siebers, Andre/0000-0002-8326-1649 SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 65 IS 3 BP 490 EP 501 DI 10.1111/fwb.13445 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502301100001 ER PT J AU Malkamaki, A Wagner, PM Brockhaus, M Toppinen, A Yla-Anttila, T AF Malkamaki, Arttu Wagner, Paul M. Brockhaus, Maria Toppinen, Anne Yla-Anttila, Tuomas TI On the Acoustics of Policy Learning: Can Co-Participation in Policy Forums Break Up Echo Chambers?(sic)(sic)(sic)Palabras clave SO POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL AB Overcoming common-pool resource dilemmas requires learning across different sectors of society. However, policy actors frequently entrench themselves in so-called echo chambers by preferring to rely on information from those whose policy beliefs resemble their own. Policy forums can reduce the limiting effects of echo chambers by encouraging actors with diverse knowledge bases to exchange information and learn from one another. This paper applies exponential random graph models to network data from the South African tree plantation policy domain to investigate how belief homophily, reputational influence, and forum co-participation shape information exchange behavior. Results show that echo chambers are important determinants of information exchange ties and that reputational influence is likely to "deepen" the echo. Results also show that the more forums that a pair of actors co-participate in, the more likely they are to exchange information. This applies to information exchange generally, as well as information exchange with trusted partners. Findings indicate that forums enable both cognitive learning (as knowledge gains) and relational learning (as improved relations). Nonetheless, when echo chambers are strong, and many forums are polarized, then forum co-participation may not break up echo chambers. SN 0190-292X EI 1541-0072 DI 10.1111/psj.12378 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502271500001 ER PT J AU Bullock, EL Nolte, C Segovia, AR Woodcock, CE AF Bullock, Eric L. Nolte, Christoph Segovia, Ana R. Woodcock, Curtis E. TI Ongoing forest disturbance in Guatemala's protected areas SO REMOTE SENSING IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION AB Protected areas in Guatemala provide habitat for diverse tropical ecosystems, contain ancient archeological sites, sequester carbon, and support economic activity through eco-tourism. However, many of the forests in these protected areas have been converted to other uses or degraded by human activity, and therefore are considered "paper parks". In this study, we analyzed time series of satellite data to monitor deforestation, degradation, and natural disturbance throughout Guatemala from 2000 to 2017. A recently developed methodology, Continuous Degradation Detection (CODED), was used to detect forest disturbances of varying size and magnitude. Through sample-based statistical inference, we estimated that 854 137 ha (+/- 83 133 ha) were deforested and 1 012 947 ha (+/- 139 512 ha) of forest was disturbed but not converted during our study period. Forest disturbance in protected areas ranged from under 1% of a park's area to over 95%. Our estimate of the extent of deforestation is similar to previous studies, however, degradation and natural disturbance affect a larger area. These results suggest that the total amount of forest disturbance can be significantly underestimated if degradation and natural disturbance are not taken into account. As a consequence, we found that the protected areas of Guatemala are more affected by disturbance than previously realized. EI 2056-3485 DI 10.1002/rse2.130 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502195400001 ER PT J AU Kolkert, H Andrew, R Smith, R Rader, R Reid, N AF Kolkert, Heidi Andrew, Rose Smith, Rhiannon Rader, Romina Reid, Nick TI Insectivorous bats selectively source moths and eat mostly pest insects on dryland and irrigated cotton farms SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Insectivorous bats are efficient predators of pest arthropods in agroecosystems. This pest control service has been estimated to be worth billions of dollars to agriculture globally. However, few studies have explicitly investigated the composition and abundance of dietary prey items consumed or assessed the ratio of pest and beneficial arthropods, making it difficult to evaluate the quality of the pest control service provided. In this study, we used metabarcoding to identify the prey items eaten by insectivorous bats over the cotton-growing season in an intensive cropping region in northern New South Wales, Australia. We found that seven species of insectivorous bat (n = 58) consumed 728 prey species, 13 of which represented around 50% of total prey abundance consumed. Importantly, the identified prey items included major arthropod pests, comprising 65% of prey relative abundance and 13% of prey species recorded. Significant cotton pests such as Helicoverpa punctigera (Australian bollworm) and Achyra affinitalis (cotton webspinner) were detected in at least 76% of bat fecal samples, with Teleogryllus oceanicus (field crickets), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), and Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) detected in 55% of bat fecal samples. Our results indicate that insectivorous bats are selective predators that exploit a narrow selection of preferred pest taxa and potentially play an important role in controlling lepidopteran pests on cotton farms. Our study provides crucial information for farmers to determine the service or disservice provided by insectivorous bats in relation to crops, for on-farm decision making. RI ; Andrew, Rose/B-5929-2008 OI Rader, Romina/0000-0001-9056-9118; Andrew, Rose/0000-0003-0099-8336 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 BP 371 EP 388 DI 10.1002/ece3.5901 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502227400001 PM 31988733 ER PT J AU Darbyshire, I Timberlake, J Osborne, J Rokni, S Matimele, H Langa, C Datizua, C de Sousa, C Alves, T Massingue, A Hadj-Hammou, J Dhanda, S Shah, T Wursten, B AF Darbyshire, Iain Timberlake, Jonathan Osborne, Jo Rokni, Saba Matimele, Hermenegildo Langa, Clayton Datizua, Castigo de Sousa, Camila Alves, Tereza Massingue, Alice Hadj-Hammou, Jeneen Dhanda, Sonia Shah, Toral Wursten, Bart TI The endemic plants of Mozambique: diversity and conservation status SO PHYTOKEYS AB An annotated checklist of the 271 strict-endemic taxa (235 species) and 387 near-endemic taxa (337 species) of vascular plants in Mozambique is provided. Together, these taxa constitute c. 9.3% of the total currently known flora of Mozambique and include five strict-endemic genera (Baptorhachis, Emicocatpus, Gyrodoma, Icuria and Micklethwaitia) and two near-endemic genera (Triceratella and Oligophyton). The mean year of first publication of these taxa is 1959, with a marked increase in description noted following the onset of the two major regional floristic programmes, the "Flora of Tropical East Africa" and "Flora Zambesiaca", and an associated increase in botanical collecting effort. New taxa from Mozambique continue to be described at a significant rate, with 20 novelties described in 2018. Important plant families for endemic and near-endemic taxa include Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae s.s. There is a high congruence between species-rich plant families and endemism with the notable exceptions of the Poaccae, which is the second-most species rich plant Family, but outside of the top ten families in terms of endemism, and the Euphorbiaceae, which is the seventh-most species rich plant family, but third in terms of endemism. A wide range of life-forms are represented in the endemic and near-endemic flora, with 49% being herbaceous or having herbaceous forms and 55% being woody or having woody forms. Manica Province is by far the richest locality for near-endemic taxa, highlighting the importance of the cross-border Chimanimani-Nyanga (Manica) Highlands shared with Zimbabwe. A total of 69% of taxa can be assigned to one of four cross-bonier Centres of Endemism: the Rovuma Centre, the Maputaland Centre sensu lato, and the two mountain blocks, Chimanimani-Nyanga and Mulanje-Namuli-Ribaue. Approximately 50% of taxa have been assessed for their extinction risk and, of these, just over half are globally threatened (57% for strict-endemics), with a further 10% (17% for strict-endemics) currently considered to be Data Deficient, highlighting the urgent need for targeted conservation of Mozambique's unique flora. This dataset will be a key resource for ongoing efforts to identify "Important Plant Areas - IPAs" in Mozambique, and to promote the conservation and sustainable management of these critical sites and species, thus enabling Mozambique to meet its commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). OI Osborne, Jo/0000-0002-2555-6318 SN 1314-2011 EI 1314-2003 PD DEC 11 PY 2019 IS 136 BP 45 EP 96 DI 10.3897/phytokeys.136.39020 UT WOS:000502838600002 PM 31866738 ER PT J AU Brunori, E Maesano, M Moresi, FV Matteucci, G Biasi, R Mugnozza, GS AF Brunori, Elena Maesano, Mauro Moresi, Federico Valerio Matteucci, Giorgio Biasi, Rita Mugnozza, Giuseppe Scarascia TI The hidden land conservation benefits of olive-based (Olea europaea L.) landscapes: An agroforestry investigation in the southern Mediterranean (Calabria region, Italy) SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Olive groves are key elements of the Mediterranean basin landscape. In southern Italy, olive polycultural systems are predominant over specialized ones. These systems occupy marginal and inner areas and are highly susceptible to abandonment. Their ecological functions in sensitive semi-arid Mediterranean areas have not been studied enough. The purpose of this study was to address the measurable environmental benefits of olive-based agroforestry systems in terms of (a) landscape structure, transformation, and degradation risk caused by landslides and wildfires; (b) soil quality; and (c) environmental quality. Land structure and land vulnerability layers (soil consumption, landslides and wildfires, and soil fertility loss) and spatial data analyses were performed in a QGIS environment. The land transformation over a recent period (1990-2012) was analysed, and the ecological role of modern and traditional olive grove assets, their impact on landscape quality and their soil carbon storage in agricultural, forested, and semi-natural areas were quantified. Rapid land cover change leads to land rewilding, affecting the stability of sloping areas due to the increase in transitional re-naturalized areas following agricultural abandonment. Under these harsh environmental conditions, traditional olive-based agroforestry systems are widespread and resilient agricultural approaches that are able to preserve habitat diversity, landscape complexity, and soil health. Extensive sustainable agricultural management may be a pivotal strategy for counteracting land degradation phenomena, such as landslides, wildfires, and the uncontrolled re-naturalization of terraced systems in the Mediterranean. The olive-based agroforestry systems may become smart agricultural landscapes for multipurpose agriculture, forest uses, and for the preservation of lots of ecological services. RI Maesano, Mauro/F-9974-2011; Biasi, Rita/AAC-8792-2020 OI Maesano, Mauro/0000-0002-4325-951X; MORESI, Federico Valerio/0000-0003-4648-4373 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3484 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502317100001 ER PT J AU Tang, F Aldridge, DC AF Tang, Feng Aldridge, David C. TI Microcapsulated biocides for the targeted control of invasive bivalves SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Invasive alien species (IAS) are one of the greatest drivers of ecological change. Typically, control uses chemical agents that often are ineffective, harmful to non-target organisms, and environmentally persistent. Bivalves are frequently high impact IAS, but have proven particularly hard to control due to their valve-closing response when exposed to conventional control agents. Microencapsulation of biocides with edible coatings represents a highly targeted delivery route, bypassing avoidance responses and accumulating in bivalves through their prodigious filter feeding. Uneaten microcapsules degrade and become biologically inactive within hours thus reducing potential impacts on non-target biota. We manufactured two new formulations of microcapsules (BioBullets). Particles were designed to mimic natural food particles (algae) in terms of size (9.5 +/- 0.5 to 19.4 +/- 1.3 SE mu m diameter), buoyancy (near neutral) and shape (spherical). Laboratory exposures demonstrated that two formulations effectively controlled the Gulf wedge clam Rangia cuneata, an IAS currently spreading rapidly through Europe. A single dose of 2-6 mg L-1 of the active ingredient in a static system achieved 90% mortality after 30 days of exposure. Microencapsulation offers an effective and targeted management tool for rapid responses following the early detection of both Gulf wedge clams and many other filter-feeding IAS, and may be especially effective in closed systems or where populations remain very localised. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 11 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18787 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55392-4 UT WOS:000502709800001 PM 31827212 ER PT J AU Liu, WW Zhang, KX Chen, CZ Li, JQ Tan, YH Warren, A Lin, XF Song, WB AF Liu, Weiwei Zhang, Kexin Chen, Changzhi Li, Jiqiu Tan, Yehui Warren, Alan Lin, Xiaofeng Song, Weibo TI Overview of the biodiversity and geographic distribution of aloricate oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) in coastal waters of southern China SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY AB Aloricate oligotrich ciliates are important components of marine microplankton. This paper summarizes the results of several biodiversity and faunal studies on this group in typical coastal habitats of southern China that were carried out from 2006 to 2016. The main findings are as follows: (1) a total of 39 species belonging to 17 genera, seven families and four orders of aloricate oligotrich (s. l.) ciliates were identified from coastal waters of Zhanjiang, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Huizhou, and Hong Kong; among these 16 species, four genera, one family and one order were new to science; (2) the order Oligotrichida represents the most abundant taxon with highest species richness and its members are widely distributed in all coastal habitats; the family Strombidiidae and the genus Strombidium comprise the highest proportion of all oligotrichs at family and genus levels, respectively; (3) based on the results of our taxonomic investigations, the biodiversity of oligotrichs in five typical habitats are compared; mangrove wetland possessing the highest species richness of oligotrich ciliates represents a biodiversity hotspot habitat in the southern coast of China; (4) morphologies of 10 poorly known species, namely Pelagohalteria cirrifera, Strombidium conicum, Spirostrombidium schizostomum, Parallelostrombidium paralatum, Omegastrombidium elegans, Varistrombidium kielum, Spirotontonia turbinata, Pelagostrobilidium simile, Strombidinopsis batos, and Strombidinopsis cheshiri are redescribed based on living and protargol-stained specimens, and some new characters are analysed. Improved diagnoses of Strombidium conicum and Strombidinopsis batos are supplied. SN 1477-2000 EI 1478-0933 PD NOV 17 PY 2019 VL 17 IS 8 BP 787 EP 800 DI 10.1080/14772000.2019.1691081 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502445300001 ER PT J AU Zhou, XG Zhu, HG Wen, YG Goodale, UM Zhu, YL Yu, SF Li, CT Li, XQ AF Zhou, Xiaoguo Zhu, Hongguang Wen, Yuanguang Goodale, Uromi Manage Zhu, Yulin Yu, Sufang Li, Chaoting Li, Xiaoqiong TI Intensive management and declines in soil nutrients lead to serious exotic plant invasion in Eucalyptus plantations under successive short-rotation regimes SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB The ongoing expansion of Eucalyptus plantations is changing the development of the world's forests. But, it also threatens ecological security regionally and worldwide. The expansion effect on biodiversity and soil nutrients is a universal problem, which has always been heatedly debated. In order to evaluate the long-term influence of intensive management of Eucalyptus plantations under successive short-rotation regime on understory plant diversity, soil nutrients and Eucalyptus tree growth, we chose a chronosequence representing the first to the sixth rotation of Eucalyptus plantations arrayed in the major Eucalyptus plantation areas in southern China and analyzed plant diversity indices, composition of plant functional groups (PFGs), soil nutrient concentrations and Eucalyptus tree growth at the stand level. Our results reveal that intensive management exerts a long-lasting negative effect on understory plant species diversity, soil nutrients and Eucalyptus tree growth over successive rotations. Changes in soil nutrient content related with C and P cycling and declines in soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus were related with understory PFGs degradation. Furthermore, the combination of declines in understory woody plants, grasses and soil N and P cycling indices led to serious exotic plant invasion in the understory. Our study suggests that serious alien plant invasions could threaten the biosecurity, soil and timber security in Eucalyptus plantations. We suggest that reducing management intensity, converting mono-cultured Eucalyptus plantations into mixed plantations with indigenous tree species, and changing from successive short-rotation to short-, medium- and long-term cyclic rotations are required to sustainably manage these plantations through improving plant diversity, restoring degraded soils and resisting plant invasions. OI Zhou, Xiaoguo/0000-0003-1518-2620 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3449 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501998300001 ER PT J AU Dai, LC Guo, XW Ke, X Lan, YT Zhang, FW Li, YK Lin, L Li, Q Cao, GM Fan, B Qian, DW Zhou, HK Du, YG AF Dai, Licong Guo, Xiaowei Ke, Xun Lan, Yuting Zhang, Fawei Li, Yikang Lin, Li Li, Qian Cao, Guangmin Fan, Bo Qian, Dawen Zhou, Huakun Du, Yangong TI Biomass allocation and productivity-richness relationship across four grassland types at the Qinghai Plateau SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) allocation and productivity-richness relationship are controversial. Here, we assessed AGB and BGB allocation and the productivity-richness relationship at community level across four grassland types based on the biomass data collected from 80 sites across the Qinghai Plateau during 2011-2012. The reduced major axis regression and general linear models were used and showed that (a) the median values of AGB were significantly higher in alpine meadow than in other three grassland types; the ratio of root to shoot (R/S) was significantly higher in desert grassland (36.06) than intemperate grassland (16.60), alpine meadow (13.35), and meadow steppe (19.46). The temperate grassland had deeper root distribution than the other three grasslands, with about 91.45% roots distributed in the top 30 cm soil layer. (b) The slopes between log AGB and log BGB in the temperate grassland and meadow steppe were 1.09 and 1, respectively, whereas that in the desert grassland was 1.12, which was significantly different from the isometric allocation relationship. A competitive relationship between AGB and BGB was observed in the alpine meadow with a slope of -1.83, indicating a trade-off between AGB and BGB in the alpine meadow. (c) A positive productivity-richness relationship existed across the four grassland types, suggesting that the positive productivity-richness relationship might not be affected by the environmental factors at the plant location. Our results provide a new insight for biomass allocation and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. OI Dai, Licong/0000-0002-9686-4262 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 BP 506 EP 516 DI 10.1002/ece3.5920 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501857200001 PM 31988738 ER PT J AU Chesters, D Beckschafer, P Orr, MC Adamowicz, SJ Chun, KP Zhu, CD AF Chesters, Douglas Beckschaefer, Philip Orr, Michael C. Adamowicz, Sarah J. Chun, Kwok-Pan Zhu, Chao-Dong TI Climatic and vegetational drivers of insect beta diversity at the continental scale SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Aim We construct a framework for mapping pattern and drivers of insect diversity at the continental scale and use it to test whether and which environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity. Location Global; North and Central America; Western Europe. Time period 21st century. Major taxa studied Insects. Methods An informatics system was developed to integrate terrestrial data on insects with environmental parameters. We mined repositories of data for distribution, climatic data were retrieved (WorldClim), and vegetation parameters inferred from remote sensing analysis (MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields). Beta diversity between sites was calculated and then modeled with two methods, Mantel test with multiple regression and generalized dissimilarity modeling. Results Geographic distance was the main driver of insect beta diversity. Independent of geographic distance, bioclimate variables explained more variance in dissimilarity than vegetation variables, although the particular variables found to be significant were more consistent in the latter, particularly, tree cover. Tree cover gradients drove compositional dissimilarity at denser coverages, in both continental case studies. For climate, gradients in temperature parameters were significant in driving beta diversity more so than gradients in precipitation parameters. Main conclusions Although environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity independently of geography, the relative contribution of different climatic and vegetational parameters is not expected to be consistent in different study systems. With further incorporation of additional temporal information and variables, this approach will enable the development of a predictive framework for conserving insect biodiversity at the global scale. SN 2045-7758 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 24 BP 13764 EP 13775 DI 10.1002/ece3.5795 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501912700001 PM 31938480 ER PT J AU Popovic, S Krizmanic, J Vidakovic, D Jakovljevic, O Trbojevic, I Predojevic, D Vidovic, M Simic, GS AF Popovic, Sladana Krizmanic, Jelena Vidakovic, Danijela Jakovljevic, Olga Trbojevic, Ivana Predojevic, Dragana Vidovic, Milka Subakov Simic, Gordana TI Seasonal Dynamics of Cyanobacteria and Algae in Biofilm from the Entrance of Two Caves SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL AB Aerophytic phototrophs, colonizers of different substrates exposed to air, among which are rock substrates in cave habitats, are in general not sufficiently investigated and studied. From the ecological point of view, seasonal/temporal variations and parameters that influence aerophytic phototrophic communities through seasons still remain largely unknown. Seasonal analysis of phototrophic microorganisms from biofilms developed at entrances of Samar and Jezava caves in Eastern Serbia was performed four times a year. All identified phototrophic representatives were assigned to a certain division or group. The relationship between documented groups and different measured, determined and observed ecological parameters was illustrated using principal component analysis (PCA). A high diversity of cyanobacteria and algae was observed as a result of seasonal sampling: 141 taxa in Samar and 61 taxa in Jezava Cave. Cyanobacteria were dominant in both caves (coccoid forms prevailing) and were followed by Bacillariophyta. Bacillariophyta were positively correlated with light intensity and sites where seeping water was present, and cyanobacteria with water content in biofilm, Chl a and relative air humidity. Higher diversity of phototrophs was documented in December and March, and lower in May and August in both caves with Chl a values having the same trend as the diversity of phototrophic microorganisms. This was especially the case with biofilms in which diversity was more prone to seasonal changes and where Cyanobacteria dominated. Only 24 taxa were documented during all four seasons in Samar Cave (Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta representatives) and three in Jezava Cave (Cyanobacteria only). SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 DI 10.1080/01490451.2019.1700322 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502224600001 ER PT J AU Bull, JW Milner-Gulland, EJ AF Bull, Joseph W. Milner-Gulland, Eleanor-Jane TI Choosing prevention or cure when mitigating biodiversity loss: Trade-offs under 'no net loss' policies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY AB Biodiversity cannot always be conserved. Economic development activities can result in biodiversity losses, but also increase human well-being, so trade-offs must sometimes be made between conservation and development. An alternative strategy to avoidance of impacts through the strict protection of biodiversity ('prevention') is to permit certain biodiversity losses and fully compensate for them through offsets elsewhere ('cure'). Here, we build a stochastic simulation model to explore trade-offs between biodiversity loss prevention and cure, in the context of development under 'no net loss' (NNL) biodiversity policies. Our model implements a Management Strategy Evaluation framework, monitoring outcomes using four different performance metrics: total biodiversity, net biodiversity, total economic activity and development activity. We find that a 'cure' strategy can potentially perform just as well as a prevention strategy in terms of biodiversity objectives, while outperforming the latter from an economic perspective. However, this does not undermine the need for a mitigation hierarchy, and the best-performing strategy depends strongly upon both the degree of compliance with the NNL policy and upon underlying ecological parameters. Perhaps counterintuitively, when evaluated as advised by the technical literature (i.e. against an appropriate counterfactual scenario), we find that net biodiversity outcomes are highest when natural ecosystem recovery rates are slow (so long as development rates are also slow). Finally, using the illustrative example of US wetlands, we suggest that real-world NNL policies could already be driving landscape-scale avoidance of development impacts under a 'prevention' approach. Policy implications. No net loss (NNL) biodiversity policy is currently being developed or implemented by over 100 countries world-wide and incorporated into environmental safeguards by multinational lenders. The socioecological model presented here can be used to advise decision makers about the best structure for nascent NNL policy on the basis of region-specific ecosystem recovery rates, development activity, legal compliance and monitoring uncertainty. Furthermore, the model presents a means for estimating the degree to which biodiversity impacts are avoided by developers under NNL-an important monitoring consideration given that ensuring high levels of avoidance is crucial to robust NNL policy, but which has to date evaded assessment through purely empirical means. SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 57 IS 2 BP 354 EP 366 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.13524 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501879900001 ER PT J AU Upshaw, SJ AF Upshaw, Sean J. TI Using Communication Theory of Identity to Evaluate Decision Aids: Focus Group Research with African American Prostate Cancer Survivors SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION AB Prostate cancer remains a significant health concern for U.S. adults, especially African American men, who have higher rates of diagnosis than other racial/ethnic groups. The current study evaluated five prostate cancer decision aids (PCDAs) focused on diagnosis and treatment via seven focus groups with 30 African American survivors. Consistent with the communication theory of identity, three layers of identity were salient in discussing PCDAs: personal, relational, and communal. African American men perceived existing PCDAs positively, evaluating them as accessible, efficacy inducing, and helpful in managing identity threats (personal layer of identity). Participants also found PCDAs to be central to decision making (relational layer of identity). Yet, there were concerns about the perceived lack of representation of African Americans in PCDAs (communal layers of identity). The findings suggest that PCDAs connect to personal and relational layers of identity but do not match expectations of communal identity. SN 1041-0236 EI 1532-7027 DI 10.1080/10410236.2019.1700437 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501468100001 PM 31814430 ER PT J AU Ruser, A AF Ruser, Alexander TI From Gamble to Conformity? Academic Careers, Ethical Neutrality and the Role of 'Professional' Social Sciences SO SOCIAL EPISTEMOLOGY AB Max Weber ' s sober inventory of academic life and his prophetic vision of its 'Americanization' highlight the impact of societies on scientific knowledge production and academic careers. Likewise, Weber was concerned with the impact of science on societies. Being aware of the growing epistemic authority of science Weber warned of its potential abuse by scientists. However, he never explored the possible implications of these connections: How are changing academic career paths, e.g. the increasing 'professionalization,' affecting self-image and strategies of scientists? How are changing social expectations shaping the role of scientists in societies? This contribution reengages with Weber ' s text to analyze this interplay focusing on the potential trade-off between the professionalization of scientists and the epistemic authority of science: Weber ' s understanding of science as a social venture is particularly informative in modern knowledge societies in which scientific knowledge plays an ever more important role. Focusing on the interplay between increasingly professionalized academic careers and the unresolved issue of drawing the boundaries of scientific authority will thus contribute to a better understanding of the contradictions of modern societies, in which scholars themselves decry 'intellectual monocultures' while at the same time scientists are denigrated as opportunists and 'rent seekers.' SN 0269-1728 EI 1464-5297 DI 10.1080/02691728.2019.1695011 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501434700001 ER PT J AU Cappelli, EL Austin, WEN AF Cappelli, Elena Lo Giudice Austin, William E. N. TI Size Matters: Analyses of Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages Across Differing Size Fractions SO FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE AB Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are the object of numerous studies spanning from (palaeo)environmental reconstructions to biomonitoring; however, the establishment of a procedure to standardize these studies remains a recent achievement. Not all studies based on benthic foraminiferal assemblages adopt the same methodology, which potentially hinders the use and comparison of samples prepared prior to the creation of a standard protocol or, indeed, without the knowledge of it. One of the main issues is to understand and possibly quantify the influence of different size fractions on foraminiferal biodiversity and richness. In this study, we analyzed benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the west coast of Shetland (Scotland), which were deliberately prepared without following the standard procedure, and were instead picked from the size fractions 63-150 mm and >150 mu m. Based on assemblage composition, biodiversity indices and multivariate analyses of the data, we assessed the quality and precision of the environmental information that could be extrapolated from these samples. We found that general biodiversity trends remain the same regardless of size fraction, whereas the assemblage internal composition is significantly different between size fractions, with the small fraction retaining a greater degree of environmental sensitivity. We recommend compiling the two sample sets to produce a more holistic and detailed picture of environmental change and generate high-resolution environmental reconstructions. Nevertheless, we conclude that benthic foraminiferal assemblages picked from the large size fraction ( >150 mu m) still provide useful information on prevailing environmental conditions and remain useful for an overview of environmental change in these coastal settings. EI 2296-7745 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 6 AR 752 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00752 UT WOS:000502970400001 ER PT J AU Hill, SJ Hopkins, DJ Huber, GA AF Hill, Seth J. Hopkins, Daniel J. Huber, Gregory A. TI Local demographic changes and US presidential voting, 2012 to 2016 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Immigration and demographic change have become highly salient in American politics, partly because of the 2016 campaign of Donald Trump. Previous research indicates that local influxes of immigrants or unfamiliar ethnic groups can generate threatened responses, but has either focused on nonelectoral outcomes or analyzed elections in large geographic units, such as counties. Here, we examine whether demographic changes at low levels of aggregation were associated with vote shifts toward an anti-immigration presidential candidate between 2012 and 2016. To do so, we compile a precinct-level dataset of election results and demographic measures for almost 32,000 precincts in the states of Florida, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Washington. We employ regression analyses varying model specifications and measures of demographic change. Our estimates uncover little evidence that influxes of Hispanics or noncitizen immigrants benefited Trump relative to past Republicans, instead consistently showing that such changes were associated with shifts to Trump's opponent. RI Huber, Gregory/A-5950-2012 OI Huber, Gregory/0000-0001-6804-8148 SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 50 BP 25023 EP 25028 DI 10.1073/pnas.1909202116 UT WOS:000502577500020 PM 31744870 ER PT J AU Dolezal, AG St Clair, AL Zhang, G Toth, AL O'Neal, ME AF Dolezal, Adam G. St Clair, Ashley L. Zhang, Ge Toth, Amy L. O'Neal, Matthew E. TI Native habitat mitigates feast-famine conditions faced by honey bees in an agricultural landscape SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Intensive agriculture can contribute to pollinator decline, exemplified by alarmingly high annual losses of honey bee colonies in regions dominated by annual crops (e.g., midwestern United States). As more natural or seminatural landscapes are transformed into monocultures, there is growing concern over current and future impacts on pollinators. To forecast how landscape simplification can affect bees, we conducted a replicated, longitudinal assessment of honey bee colony growth and nutritional health in an intensively farmed region where much of the landscape is devoted to production of corn and soybeans. Surprisingly, colonies adjacent to soybean fields surrounded by more cultivated land grew more during midseason than those in areas of lower cultivation. Regardless of the landscape surrounding the colonies, all experienced a precipitous decline in colony weight beginning in August and ended the season with reduced fat stores in individual bees, both predictors of colony overwintering failure. Patterns of forage availability and colony nutritional state suggest that late-season declines were caused by food scarcity during a period of extremely limited forage. To test if habitat enhancements could ameliorate this response, we performed a separate experiment in which colonies provided access to native perennials (i.e., prairie) were rescued from both weight loss and reduced fat stores, suggesting the rapid decline observed in these agricultural landscapes is not inevitable. Overall, these results show that intensively farmed areas can provide a short-term feast that cannot sustain the long-term nutritional health of colonies; reintegration of biodiversity into such landscapes may provide relief from nutritional stress. OI St. Clair, Ashley/0000-0002-6002-9759; Dolezal, Adam/0000-0001-6164-1344 SN 0027-8424 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 50 BP 25147 EP 25155 DI 10.1073/pnas.1912801116 UT WOS:000502577500034 PM 31767769 ER PT J AU Ip, YCA Tay, YC Gan, SX Ang, HP Tun, K Chou, LM Huang, DW Meier, R AF Ip, Yin Cheong Aden Tay, Ywee Chieh Gan, Su Xuan Ang, Hui Ping Tun, Karenne Chou, Loke Ming Huang, Danwei Meier, Rudolf TI From marine park to future genomic observatory? Enhancing marine biodiversity assessments using a biocode approach SO BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL AB Few tropical marine sites have been thoroughly characterised for their animal species, even though they constitute the largest proportion of multicellular diversity. A number of focused biodiversity sampling programmes have amassed immense collections to address this shortfall, but obstacles remain due to the lack of identification tools and large proportion of undescribed species globally. These problems can be partially addressed with DNA barcodes ("biocodes"), which have the potential to facilitate the estimation of species diversity and identify animals to named species via barcode databases. Here, we present the first results of what is intended to be a sustained, systematic study of the marine fauna of Singapore's first marine park, reporting more than 365 animal species, determined based on DNA barcodes and/or morphology represented by 931 specimens (367 zooplankton, 564 macrofauna including 36 fish). Due to the lack of morphological and molecular identification tools, only a small proportion could be identified to species solely based on either morphology (24.5%) or barcodes (24.6%). Estimation of species for some taxa was difficult because of the lack of sufficiently clear barcoding gaps. The specimens were imaged and added to "Biodiversity of Singapore" (HTTP://singapore.biodiversity.online), which now contains images for > 13,000 species occurring in the country. RI Meier, Rudolf/A-7099-2011; Chou, Loke/AAE-5266-2020 OI Meier, Rudolf/0000-0002-4452-2885; SN 1314-2836 EI 1314-2828 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e46833 DI 10.3897/BDJ.7.e46833 UT WOS:000502836300001 PM 31866739 ER PT J AU Salter, I Joensen, M Kristiansen, R Steingrund, P Vestergaard, P AF Salter, Ian Joensen, Mourits Kristiansen, Regin Steingrund, Petur Vestergaard, Poul TI Environmental DNA concentrations are correlated with regional biomass of Atlantic cod in oceanic waters SO COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a powerful approach for studying marine fisheries and has the potential to negate some of the drawbacks of trawl surveys. However, successful applications in oceanic waters have to date been largely focused on qualitative descriptions of species inventories. Here we conducted a quantitative eDNA survey of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in oceanic waters and compared it with results obtained from a standardized demersal trawl survey. Detection of eDNA originating from Atlantic cod was highly concordant (80%) with trawl catches. We observed significantly positive correlations between the regional integrals of Atlantic cod biomass (kg) and eDNA quantities (copies) (R-2 = 0.79, P = 0.003) and between sampling effort-normalised Catch Per Unit Effort (kg hr(-1)) and eDNA concentrations (copies L-1) (R-2 = 0.71, P = 0.008). These findings extend the potential application of environmental DNA to regional biomass assessments of commercially important fish stocks in the ocean. EI 2399-3642 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 2 AR 461 DI 10.1038/s42003-019-0696-8 UT WOS:000502375000001 ER PT J AU Garzon-Orduna, IJ AF Garzon-Orduna, Ivonne J. TI A new species of Ophthalmoblysis Scoble, 1995 (Geometridae: Ennominae) from Mexico with 'sleepy' eyespots SO ZOOTAXA AB A new species of Ophthalmoblysis Scoble, 1995 from Mexico is described and illustrated: O. ibarrai Garzon-Orduna, sp.n. The species is known only from Los Tuxtlas (Veracruz, Mexico), and is distinguished by the shape and pattern of the hindwing eyespot. Unlike the eyespot of other species in Ophthalmoblysis, that of O. ibarrai has a smaller and not fully circular inner black disc. In addition, O. ibarrai can be distinguished from a similar, undescribed species from Costa Rica by the presence of a sclerotized extension at the tip of the male valva and by the shape of the cornutus in the vesica. Ophthalmoblysis ibarrai represents the northernmost member of the genus. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 4706 IS 3 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.3.7 UT WOS:000502322500007 ER PT J AU Polese, A Seliverstova, O AF Polese, Abel Seliverstova, Oleksandra TI Luxury consumption as identity markers in Tallinn: A study of Russian and Estonian everyday identity construction through consumer citizenship SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER CULTURE AB While the importance of consumption of luxury goods as a mechanism accompanying upwards movement in a social hierarchy has been well acknowledged, attention to the role and perceptions of luxury in multicultural societies has been scarce so far. It is nonetheless intriguing that ethnic groups inhabiting the same territory, and exposed to a same culture, might develop substantially different notions of luxury, which may end up affecting the integration, or isolation, of one of the groups. Our article addresses this deficiency in the literature by exploring the case of Estonia, a multi-ethnic society where Russians make up almost one-fourth of the population. Much has been written about the integration, and lack thereof, of ethnic Russians into Estonian society. We contrast these views by looking at inter-ethnic relations in the country from a different angle and by a) looking at consumption of luxury in the country through the concept of 'conspicuous consumption'; b) endorsing Foster's concept of consumer citizenship. This allows us to shed light on an under-explored tendency and maintain here that, in a significant number of cases, ordinary citizens challenge official identity narratives by the state through counter-narratives centred around consumption of luxury at the everyday level. The identified counter-narratives end up translating into (consumer behaviour) instructions for those Russians willing to assert their Estonianness thus allowing them to seek integration into the majority group by simply consuming luxury items that they perceive as appreciated among Estonians, or associated with Estonian high status. By doing this, we make a case for expanding the parameters for academic scrutiny of social integration to include more 'banal' forms of consumer practices through which top- down narratives and macro studies may be challenged. SN 1469-5405 EI 1741-2900 AR UNSP 1469540519891276 DI 10.1177/1469540519891276 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501949300001 ER PT J AU Chevalier, M Knape, J AF Chevalier, Mathieu Knape, Jonas TI The cost of complexity in forecasts of population abundances is reduced but not eliminated by borrowing information across space using a hierarchical approach SO OIKOS AB Anticipating ecological changes is paramount if we are to manage biodiversity and the services they provide to humanity. When forecasting population abundances, studies have shown that simple statistical models often have better forecast performance than complex models. These studies have evaluated forecasts of models fitted separately to data from single sites (single-site approach). Here, we aim to contrast the forecast performance and forecast horizon between a single-site approach and a hierarchical multi-site approach where a single model is fitted to data from multiple-sites, and to investigate how they vary with model complexity. We used 5273 population time series on 84 species from the Swedish breeding bird survey program, and found that simple models on average had better forecast performance and forecast horizon than complex models for both the single- and the multi-site approach. However, the cost of complexity was considerably reduced under the multi-site approach, while the proportion of species for which complex models had better forecast performance than simple models was also much larger than under the single-site approach. This suggests that the multi-site approach is useful for inclusion of more detailed processes which may benefit forecasts for some species and which are of importance for managers. Still, our results are in line with some previous studies suggesting that it is surprisingly difficult to construct complex models that, on average, beat trivial baseline forecasts. SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 129 IS 2 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1111/oik.06401 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502661600001 ER PT J AU Caplan, AJ Go, DH AF Caplan, Arthur J. Go, Dong-Hun TI Measuring the bioeconomic impacts of prolonged drought on a lake ecosystem: The case of the Great Salt Lake, Utah SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING AB We present a general-equilibrium (GE) bioeconomic model of Utah's Great Salt Lake (GSL) ecosystem that tightly links the lake's ecosystem with its regional economy and attendant international trading partners, thereby enabling full identification of dynamic feedback effects in the presence of prolonged drought. The drought modeled here mimics a drying climate's impact on the lake's nutrient pool. We demonstrate how prolonged drought affects key bioeconomic variables over time, and how the GSL bioeconomy recovers toward a new steady state. We also consider how two separate fishery-specific regulatory tools-a temporary harvest moratorium and ad valorum tax on the fishery's factors of production-alter the bioeconomy's recovery path. Our main finding is that a fishery-specific regulation can induce perverse social-welfare effects in a GE context by inducing a shift of resources out of the fishery and into a sector of the economy that produces a negative externality, in our case pollution from the mining industry. These welfare effects are appraised with two different measures of equivalent variation-one based on an initial benchmark period and the other on expenditure differences that roll through time. Our model further demonstrates how these perverse-welfare effects can be mitigated by imposing either an output or input tax on the mining industry. Recommendations for resource managers The general-equilibrium bioeconomic model developed here for Utah's Great Salt Lake demonstrates how key bioeconomic variables can be tracked over time in response to an economic or ecological shock, such as prolonged drought. This numerical modeling tool provides an integrated perspective on the bioeconomic impacts of public policies that can be adopted to counteract these shocks. Estimates of the social net benefits associated with the public policies are provided. The context for assessing the net benefits of alternative fishery regulations is therefore broadened to account for a multispecies, multisector bioeconomy. SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 AR e12251 DI 10.1111/nrm.12251 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501754000001 ER PT J AU Ubach, A Paramo, F Gutierrez, C Stefanescu, C AF Ubach, Andreu Paramo, Ferran Gutierrez, Cesar Stefanescu, Constanti TI Vegetation encroachment drives changes in the composition of butterfly assemblages and species loss in Mediterranean ecosystems SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY AB Land abandonment and loss of grazing have been amongst the primary drivers of landscape change in the Mediterranean basin in the recent decades. As a consequence, forest cover has greatly expanded in detrimental of semi-natural grasslands, areas of cultivation and pasture mosaics. Although predictably important, the impact that this phenomenon has on biodiversity has remained largely unexplored, partly because of lack of appropriate data. Here, we make use of an extensive citizen science program, the Catalan Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, to quantify the response of butterfly assemblages to vegetation encroachment in NE Spain. We first adapted an index to describe the preference of 147 butterfly species for open or closed habitats and found a strong association of most species for open habitats. We developed a community index to record changes in 54 long-term monitored sites (10 years or more), where plant communities were also periodically monitored. Butterfly assemblages have undergone changes toward species preferring closed habitats in 72% of the studied sites, in parallel to a process of vegetation encroachment in the region. Community changes were linked to population trends, and could be locally predicted by the interaction of the preference of butterfly species for open or closed habitats and the magnitude of vegetation encroachment at each site. These changes were accompanied by frequent extinction events (4.53% of the studied populations), that were highly biased toward species preferring open habitats. Our study confirms and quantifies the threat that vegetation encroachment imposes on biodiversity in this highly diverse region. SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 DI 10.1111/icad.12397 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501661600001 ER PT J AU Eslami, S Hoekstra, P Trung, NN Kantoush, SA Binh, DV Dung, DD Quang, TT van der Vegt, M AF Eslami, Sepehr Hoekstra, Piet Nam Nguyen Trung Kantoush, Sameh Ahmed Doan Van Binh Do Duc Dung Tho Tran Quang van der Vegt, Maarten TI Tidal amplification and salt intrusion in the Mekong Delta driven by anthropogenic sediment starvation SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Natural resources of the Mekong River are essential to livelihood of tens of millions of people. Previous studies highlighted that upstream hydro-infrastructure developments impact flow regime, sediment and nutrient transport, bed and bank stability, fish productivity, biodiversity and biology of the basin. Here, we show that tidal amplification and saline water intrusion in the Mekong Delta develop with alarming paces. While offshore M-2 tidal amplitude increases by 1.2-2 mm yr(-1) due to sea level rise, tidal amplitude within the delta is increasing by 2 cm yr(-1) and salinity in the channels is increasing by 0.2-0.5 PSU yr(-1). We relate these changes to 2-3 m bed level incisions in response to sediment starvation, caused by reduced upstream sediment supply and downstream sand mining, which seems to be four times more than previous estimates. The observed trends cannot be explained by deeper channels due to relative sea level rise; while climate change poses grave natural hazards in the coming decades, anthropogenic forces drive short-term trends that already outstrip climate change effects. Considering the detrimental trends identified, it is imperative that the Mekong basin governments converge to effective transboundary management of the natural resources, before irreversible damage is made to the Mekong and its population. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18746 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55018-9 UT WOS:000501889800001 PM 31822705 ER PT J AU Kumar, AG Mathew, NC Sujitha, K Kirubagaran, R Dharani, G AF Kumar, Ganesh A. Mathew, Noelin Chinnu Sujitha, K. Kirubagaran, R. Dharani, G. TI Genome analysis of deep sea piezotolerant Nesiotobacter exalbescens COD22 and toluene degradation studies under high pressure condition SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB A marine isolate, Nesiotobacter exalbescens COD22, isolated from deep sea sediment (2100 m depth) was capable of degrading aromatic hydrocarbons. The Nesiotobacter sp. grew well in the presence of toluene at 0.1 MPa and 10 MPa at a rate of 0.24 h(-1) and 0.12 h(-1), respectively, in custom designed high pressure reactors. Percentage of hydrocarbon degradation was found to be 87.5% at ambient pressure and it reached 92% under high pressure condition within a short retention period of 72 h. The biodegradation of hydrocarbon was confirmed by the accumulation of dicarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde which are key intermediates in toluene catabolism. The complete genome sequence consists of 4,285,402 bp with 53%GC content and contained 3969 total coding genes. The complete genome analysis revealed unique adaptation and degradation capabilities for complex aromatic compounds, biosurfactant synthesis to facilitate hydrocarbon emulsification, advanced mechanisms for chemotaxis and presence of well developed flagellar assembly. The genomic data corroborated with the results of hydrocarbon biodegradation at high pressure growth conditions and confirmed the biotechnological potential of Nesiotobacter sp. towards bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted deep sea environments. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18724 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55115-9 UT WOS:000501989200001 PM 31822790 ER PT J AU Valone, TJ Weyers, DP AF Valone, Thomas J. Weyers, David P. TI Invasion intensity influences scale-dependent effects of an exotic species on native plant diversity SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Invasive plant species reduce the diversity of natives by altering habitats or disturbance regimes, but it is less clear whether they do so via competitive exclusion. Here, we show that invader abundance alters scale-dependent competitive effects of invasion on native plant richness. Large-seeded exotic annual Erodium cicutarium invaded a site that manipulated rodent granivores. The invader became dominant on all plots but attained its highest abundance on plots that removed rodents. Invasion reduced plant abundance but not evenness; site-wide richness did not change over time on control plots but declined significantly on rodent removal plots. Species-area relationships within plots changed differently with invasion intensity: slopes increased and y-intercepts decreased on control plots relative to rodent removal plots. Changes in species-area slopes and y-intercepts following invasion suggest that common rather than rare species were most strongly impacted at small spatial scales on control plots, while common and rare species were both negatively impacted at all spatial scales on rodent removal plots. Small-seeded species declined in abundance following invasion more so than large-seeded species, indicative of competitive interactions mediated by seed size. These results reveal variation in scale-dependent competitive effects of invasion on native richness associated with invasion intensity. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18769 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-55165-z UT WOS:000501990600001 PM 31822718 ER PT J AU Jublier, N Bertucci, F Kever, L Colleye, O Ballesta, L Nemeth, RS Lecchini, D Rhodes, KL Parmentier, E AF Jublier, Noemie Bertucci, Frederic Kever, Loic Colleye, Orphal Ballesta, Laurent Nemeth, Richard S. Lecchini, David Rhodes, Kevin L. Parmentier, Eric TI Passive monitoring of phenological acoustic patterns reveals the sound of the camouflage grouper, Epinephelus polyphekadion SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AB Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a non-invasive technique that uses hydrophones to monitor populations and ecosystem dynamics. Although many applications of PAM have been developed in recent years, it has never been used to identify a calling marine species. The south pass of Fakarava Atoll, French Polynesia, hosts spawning events of many reef fish species, including the camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion, with a spawning aggregation abundance exceeding 17 000 individuals during the full moons of June and July. The current study aimed to use PAM to distinguish camouflage grouper sounds among the vocal activities of all fish recorded during the aggregation periods. Audio recordings analysis resulted in the identification of 29 sound types, some of which showed diel and lunar patterns. Temporal analysis of these sounds in relation to spawning activities allowed the identification of camouflage grouper calls. These calls can be described as a single pulse or a series of 'boom(s)' with a pulse duration of similar to 44 ms and a low dominant frequency of 103 +/- 31 Hz. Video recordings show that the camouflage grouper produces the 'booms' to initialize spawner ascent and to promote synchronous gamete release into the water column. The study highlights for the first time that PAM can be used to identify the previously unknown sound of a fish species. Moreover, we can use it to understand the phenology of some biological activities for improving the resolution of fish biodiversity assessments. OI Parmentier, Eric/0000-0002-0391-7530; Bertucci, Frederic/0000-0002-2425-9362 SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1002/aqc.3242 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501661900001 ER PT J AU Hintzen, RE Papadopoulou, M Mounce, R Banks-Leite, C Holt, RD Mills, M Knight, A Leroi, AM Rosindell, J AF Hintzen, Rogier E. Papadopoulou, Marina Mounce, Ross Banks-Leite, Cristina Holt, Robert D. Mills, Morena Knight, Andrew Leroi, Armand M. Rosindell, James TI Relationship between conservation biology and ecology shown through machine reading of 32,000 articles SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Conservation biology was founded on the idea that efforts to save nature depend on a scientific understanding of how it works. It sought to apply ecological principles to conservation problems. We investigated whether the relationship between these fields has changed over time through machine reading the full texts of 32,000 research articles published in 16 ecology and conservation biology journals. We examined changes in research topics in both fields and how the fields have evolved from 2000 to 2014. As conservation biology matured, its focus shifted from ecology to social and political aspects of conservation. The 2 fields diverged and now occupy distinct niches in modern science. We hypothesize this pattern resulted from increasing recognition that social, economic, and political factors are critical for successful conservation and possibly from rising skepticism about the relevance of contemporary ecological theory to practical conservation. RI ; Mounce, Ross/A-2538-2010; Banks-Leite, Cristina/D-3075-2011 OI Rosindell, James/0000-0002-5060-9346; Mounce, Ross/0000-0002-3520-2046; Banks-Leite, Cristina/0000-0002-0091-2857; Leroi, Armand/0000-0002-5603-0351; Papadopoulou, Marina/0000-0002-6478-8365 SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13435 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501791200001 PM 31702070 ER PT J AU Liu, X Wang, ZH Huang, CY Li, MR Bibi, F Zhou, SR Nakamura, A AF Liu, Xiang Wang, Zhenghong Huang, Chenyu Li, Manru Bibi, Farkhanda Zhou, Shurong Nakamura, Akihiro TI Ant assemblage composition explains high predation pressure on artificial caterpillars during early night SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB 1. Predator-prey interactions, especially those involving herbivorous insects, are of great importance in maintaining biodiversity. Predation pressure varies temporally in response to prey availability and activity. However, little is known about the patterns and drivers of fluctuations in predation pressure at fine temporal scales. 2. Artificial caterpillars (placed on plant leaves at breast height) were used to assess changes in predation pressure across four time intervals of the day in a monsoonal tropical rainforest in south-west China. The study examined how assemblage composition of arboreal ants, the dominant predators, changed across the same time intervals. The potential linkages between biotic (arboreal ants) and abiotic (temperature and light intensity) factors with predation rate were evaluated. 3. Predation rate on caterpillars during the early part of the night (19.00-01.00 hours) was significantly higher than in the morning, afternoon, or late night. Ant assemblage composition, rather than species richness or total abundance, best explained the variations in predation rate on artificial caterpillars. 4. The results help to strengthen understanding of trophic interactions by demonstrating that predation pressure fluctuates at finer timescales than previously tested, and that a particular set of ant species may play major roles in predation on caterpillars and possibly other organisms. RI Nakamura, Akihiro/O-8384-2018 OI Nakamura, Akihiro/0000-0001-7349-5102 SN 0307-6946 EI 1365-2311 DI 10.1111/een.12826 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501665900001 ER PT J AU Stenger-Kovacs, C Lengyel, E Buczko, K Padisak, J Korponai, J AF Stenger-Kovacs, Csilla Lengyel, Edina Buczko, Krisztina Padisak, Judit Korponai, Janos TI Trait-based diatom functional diversity as an appropriate tool for understanding the effects of environmental changes in soda pans SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Saline lakes, among the most seriously endangered ecosystems, are threatened due to climate change and human activities. One valuable feature of these environments is that they constitute areas of high biodiversity. Ecologists are, therefore, under great pressure to improve their understanding of the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the biodiversity of saline lakes. In this study, a total of 257 samples from 32 soda pans in Central Europe between 2006 and 2015 were examined. The effects of environmental variables and of geographical and limnoecological factors on functional diversity were analyzed. Furthermore, the explanatory power of the trait-based approach was assessed, and the applicability of the indices for biomonitoring purposes was determined. It was found that low habitat heterogeneity and harsh environments lead to the selection of a small number of suitable traits, and consequently, to a naturally low level of functional diversity. Anthropogenic activities enhance diversity at functional level due to the shift toward freshwater characteristics. On the regional scale, the effects of the region and status (natural, degraded, reconstructed) on diatom functional diversity were significant and more pronounced than that of the environmental and other limnoecological factors. The degree of variance found in functional diversity ascribed to environmental variables is five times greater in the case of the application of a trait-based approach, than when a taxonomic one is employed in the literature. Each of the tested functional diversity indices was sensitive to the most important environmental variables. Furthermore, these were type-specific and proved to be more complex indicators than taxonomic metrics. It is possible to suggest four functional diversity indices (FGR, FRic, FDis, and FDiv) which emphasize their independence from substrate and seasonal variations for ecological status assessment and conservation planning. RI Korponai, Janos/AAD-8657-2020 OI Korponai, Janos/0000-0003-0211-192X; Stenger-Kovacs, Csilla/0000-0001-6175-4904 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 BP 320 EP 335 DI 10.1002/ece3.5897 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501661800001 PM 31993118 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Bermudez, R Miranda, M Fouz, R Orjales, I Dieguez, FJ Minervino, AHH Lopez-Alonso, M AF Rodriguez-Bermudez, Ruth Miranda, Marta Fouz, Ramiro Orjales, Inmaculada Dieguez, Francisco Javier Hamad Minervino, Antonio Humberto Lopez-Alonso, Marta TI Breed performance in organic dairy farming in Northern Spain SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS AB Organic farm management combines best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity, preservation of natural resources and high animal welfare standards. To meet these criteria, farmers must have livestock well adapted to local organic conditions and information about how different breeds and crosses perform under different conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of different pure breeds and cross-breeds of cattle in organic dairy systems in Northern Spain. The data analysed were obtained from monthly records kept between 2010 and 2016 on organic farms registered in the regional milk recording system. Analysis of various traits indicated that the Holstein-Friesian breed suits the organic production system in the study region. Although the reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cows was poorer (in terms of number of services per conception) than that of cross-breed and Brown Swiss cows, the Holstein-Friesian produced more milk and lived longer. In addition, there was no difference in calving type or calving ease between the different breed groups. The better milk fat and protein yields produced by the crosses may be useful traits for farmers interested in milk transformation. The advantage of continuing to use Holstein-Friesian cattle is that the breed is predominant worldwide, and the genealogy is well documented. If Holstein-Friesian cattle continue to be used, the main priority will be to search for well-adapted bulls (particularly for pasture-based conditions) and to elaborate a genetic merit index for organic and pasture-based systems with the aim of predicting and minimizing genotype x environment interactions. RI Minervino, Antonio/G-5512-2011; Miranda, Marta/K-9445-2013 OI Minervino, Antonio/0000-0002-6742-3652; Miranda, Marta/0000-0002-9869-3874 SN 0936-6768 EI 1439-0531 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 55 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1111/rda.13595 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501676100001 PM 31765032 ER PT J AU Bau, V Zen, S Calvani, G Perona, P AF Bau, Valentina Zen, Simone Calvani, Giulio Perona, Paolo TI Extracting the Critical Rooting Length in Plant Uprooting by Flow From Pullout Experiments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB The growth and establishment of riparian vegetation on river bedforms is of hydrological as well as ecological importance as it helps in enhancing spatial heterogeneity and thus the biodiversity of river corridors. Yet, during floods, flow drag and scouring may reduce the rooting length of plants determining plant mortality via uprooting. In order for uprooting to occur, bed scouring must proceed until the rooting length reaches a critical value and drag forces exceed root residual anchorage. Therefore, the critical rooting length of a plant represents a crucial parameter to estimate the probability of plant removal due to flow erosion. However, difficulties in quantifying such length at the field scale have limited so far the performances of biomorphodynamic models for river bed evolution. In this work, we propose to assess the critical rooting length from controlled plant pullout experiments. To this aim, a free-body model of the forces acting on a flexible plant in a stream at different erosion stages is developed. At incipient uprooting, we conjecture that the root resistance at the critical rooting length equals that of a plant with equal rooting length when pulled out in static conditions. To illustrate our approach, we validate our model on three different data sets obtained from small- and real-scale plant uprooting experiments. A comparison between modeling and experimental observations reveals that the model provides valid results, despite its deterministic approach. The critical rooting lengths are finally used to assess the probability density function of the time to uprooting via a physically based stochastic model. OI Bau', Valentina/0000-0002-9254-0674; Perona, Paolo/0000-0002-5445-1451; Zen, Simone/0000-0002-4312-0761; Calvani, Giulio/0000-0001-6887-2209 SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 55 IS 12 BP 10424 EP 10442 DI 10.1029/2019WR025074 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501722900001 ER PT J AU Carruthers-Jones, J Eldridge, A Guyot, P Hassall, C Holmes, G AF Carruthers-Jones, Jonathan Eldridge, Alice Guyot, Patrice Hassall, Christopher Holmes, George TI The call of the wild: Investigating the potential for ecoacoustic methods in mapping wilderness areas SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB The critical importance of wilderness areas (WAs) for biodiversity conservation and human well-being is well established yet mapping criteria on which WA management policies are based take neither into account. Current WA mapping methods are framed in terms of absence of anthropogenic influence, and created using visual satellite data, obviating consideration of the ecological or anthropogenic value of WAs. In this paper we suggest that taking the acoustic environment into account could address this lacuna. We report the first investigation into the potential for ecoacoustic methods to complement existing geophysical approaches. Participatory walks, including in situ questionnaires and ecoacoustic surveys were carried out at points along transects traversing urban-wilderness gradients at four study sites in the Scottish Highlands and French Pyrenees. The relationships between a suite of six acoustic indices (AIs), wilderness classifications and human subjective ratings were examined. We observed significant differences between five out of six AIs tested across wilderness classes, demonstrating significant differences in the soundscape across urban-wild gradients. Strong, significant correlations between AIs, wilderness classes and human perceptions of wildness were observed, although magnitude and direction of correlations varied across sites. Finally, a compound acoustic index is shown to strongly predict mapped-wildness classes (up to 95% variance explained MSE 0.22); perceived wilderness and biodiversity are even more strongly predicted. Together these results demonstrate that the acoustic environment varies significantly along urban-wild gradients; AIs reveal details of environmental variation excluded under current methods, and capture key facets of the human experience of wildness. An important next step is to ascertain the ecological and anthropogenic relevance of these differences, and develop new automated acoustic analysis methods suited to mapping the environmental characteristics of WAs. Taken together, our results suggest that future management of WAs could benefit from ecoacoustic methods to take the biosphere and anthroposphere into account. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Eldridge, Alice/0000-0001-7093-2143; Holmes, George/0000-0002-5393-5753 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133797 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133797 UT WOS:000496802200054 PM 31421345 ER PT J AU Granco, G Stamm, JLH Bergtold, JS Daniels, MD Sanderson, MR Sheshukov, AY Mather, ME Caldas, MM Ramsey, SM Lehrter, RJ Haukos, DA Gao, JG Chatterjee, S Nifong, JC Aistrup, JA AF Granco, Gabriel Stamm, Jessica L. Heier Bergtold, Jason S. Daniels, Melinda D. Sanderson, Matthew R. Sheshukov, Aleksey Y. Mather, Martha E. Caldas, Marcellus M. Ramsey, Steven M. Lehrter, Richard J., II Haukos, David A. Gao, Jungang Chatterjee, Sarmistha Nifong, James C. Aistrup, Joseph A. TI Evaluating environmental change and behavioral decision-making for sustainability policy using an agent-based model: A case study for the Smoky Hill River Watershed, Kansas SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Sustainability has been at the forefront of the environmental research agenda of the integrated anthroposphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere since the last century and will continue to be critically important for future environmental science. However, linking humans and the environment through effective policy remains a major challenge for sustainability research and practice. Here we address this gap using an agent-based model (ABM) for a coupled natural and human systems in the Smoky Hill River Watershed (SHRW), Kansas, USA. For this freshwater-dependent agricultural watershed with a highly variable flow regime influenced by human induced land-use and climate change, we tested the support for an environmental policy designed to conserve and protect fish biodiversity in the SHRW. We develop a proof of concept interdisciplinary ABM that integrates field data on hydrology, ecology (fish richness), social-psychology (value-belief-norm) and economics, to simulate human agents' decisions to support environmental policy. The mechanism to link human behaviors to environmental changes is the social-psychological sequence identified by the value-belief-norm framework and is informed by hydrological and fish ecology models. Our results indicate that (1) cultural factors influence the decision to support the policy; (2) a mechanism modifying social-psychological factors can influence the decision-making process; (3) there is resistance to environmental policy in the SHRW, even under potentially extreme climate conditions; and (4) the best opportunities for policy acceptance were found immediately after extreme environmental events. The modeling approach presented herein explicitly links biophysical and social science has broad generality for sustainability problems. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Nifong, James C/D-4137-2015 OI Nifong, James C/0000-0003-3607-0441; Granco, Gabriel/0000-0003-4348-6349 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133769 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133769 UT WOS:000496802200056 PM 31422326 ER PT J AU Guo, L Wang, GC Sheng, YZ Shi, ZM Sun, XY AF Guo, Liang Wang, Guangcai Sheng, Yizhi Shi, Zheming Sun, Xiaoyi TI Groundwater microbial communities and their connection to hydrochemical environment in Golmud, Northwest China SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Groundwater microbial community normally co-varies with the associated geochemical transect in some hydrogeological sections along flowpath. However, in hydrogeological section with similar geochemical transect (e.g., salinity, ion compositions) how microbial community in groundwater varies are poorly understood. In this study, groundwater samples were collected at six boreholes vertically and horizontally along a generalized groundwater flowpath in the Golmud area, Qaidam Basin, northwest China. High-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to explore the underlying relationships between microbial community structure and hydrogeochemical environment. The result showed that microbial communities changed considerably at both horizontal and vertical scales, although the groundwater samples were of relatively stable ionic compositions and hydrochemical types. The dominant bacterial phyla in groundwater varied from Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia in 'phreatic and phreatic-like groundwater in the recharge area to Gammaproteobacteria in the confined groundwater in the lacustrine plain. At both vertical and horizontal scale, Gammaproteobacteria increased while Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria decreased as the function of distance. Genera Roseateles, Aquabacterium, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Acidovorax and Flavobacterium presented in phreatic groundwater, while Pseudomonas, Hydrogenophaga and Perlucidibaca presented in confined groundwater. Spatial distribution of microbial community was highly affected by the pH (for 'phreatic and phreatic-like' groundwater) and ORP (for confined groundwater) of groundwater that had similar salinity or ion compositions. This research extends our knowledge about microbial communities' variation along groundwater flowpath in studied area and similar arid or semi-arid areas. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133848 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133848 UT WOS:000496802200047 PM 31422331 ER PT J AU Kinzner, MC Gamisch, A Hoffmann, AA Seifert, B Haider, M Arthofer, W Schlick-Steiner, BC Steiner, FM AF Kinzner, Martin-Carl Gamisch, Alexander Hoffmann, Ary A. Seifert, Brigitta Haider, Marlene Arthofer, Wolfgang Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C. Steiner, Florian M. TI Major range loss predicted from lack of heat adaptability in an alpine Drosophila species SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Climate warming is threatening biodiversity worldwide. Climate specialists such as alpine species are especially likely to be vulnerable. Adaptation by rapid evolution is the only long-term option for survival of many species, but the adaptive evolutionary potential of heat resistance has not been assessed in an alpine invertebrate. Here, we show that the alpine fly Drosophila nigrosparsa cannot readily adapt to heat stress. Heat-exposed flies from a regime with increased ambient temperature and a regime with increased temperature plus artificial selection for heat tolerance were less heat tolerant than the control group. Increased ambient temperature affected negatively both fitness and competitiveness. Ecological niche models predicted the loss of three quarters of the climatically habitable areas of this fly by the end of this century. Our findings suggest that, alongside with other climate specialists, species from mountainous regions are highly vulnerable to climate warming and unlikely to adapt through evolutionary genetic changes. (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). OI Schlick-Steiner, Birgit/0000-0003-4026-5778; Hoffmann, Ary/0000-0001-9497-7645 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133753 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133753 UT WOS:000496802200085 PM 31425981 ER PT J AU Kokkoris, IP Bekri, ES Skuras, D Vlami, V Zogaris, S Maroulis, G Dimopoulos, D Dimopoulos, P AF Kokkoris, Ioannis P. Bekri, Eleni S. Skuras, Dimitrios Vlami, Vassiliki Zogaris, Stamatis Maroulis, Georgios Dimopoulos, Dimitrios Dimopoulos, Panayotis TI Integrating MAES implementation into protected area management under climate change: A fine-scale application in Greece SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Increasing anthropogenic pressures often jeopardize ecosystem integrity and policy-relevant conservation management in protected areas. To harmonize nature conservation with human well-being, EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 suggests Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) as the key concept for environmental planning and management in EU Member States. Applying this procedure is challenging due to its data-demanding and multidisciplinary nature, resulting in the ecoystem services (ES) approach being scarcely used in protected areas management. Increased data availability under EU biodiversity-related inventories and monitoring projects, as well as theoretical and empirical research advances developed during the last decade, should be put into practice to guide Member States towards local management frameworks and scenario building under the ongoing changes in the EU socio-economic environment. This study aims at filling this gap by embodying into the MAES operational framework a scenario-based approach and demonstrates this in a challenging case study of a Natura 2000 site, Lake Stymfalia, in Greece. The present management strategy, an ecological-friendly management practice, a water-efficient management practice and a non-environmentally friendly option (e.g. ecosystem destruction) are examined for current and future water demand under current and future climatic scenarios. The proposed methodological framework for ES operationalization is based on the available data (derived by EU Directives and/or modelling), expert judgment and stakeholder involvement. Therefore, this work applies and tests the importance of the MAES approach as a management and coordination platform. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133530 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.336 UT WOS:000496802200011 PM 31419684 ER PT J AU Mellado-Diaz, A Sanchez-Gonzalez, JR Guareschi, S Magdaleno, F Velasco, MT AF Mellado-Diaz, Andres Ruben Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jorge Guareschi, Simone Magdaleno, Fernando Toro Velasco, Manuel TI Exploring longitudinal trends and recovery gradients in macroinvertebrate communities and biomonitoring tools along regulated rivers SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Flow regime alteration by dams has been recognized as a major impact factor for aquatic communities. Spain is currently the member state of the EU with the largest number of large reservoirs. With the broad objective of diminishing the ongoing river degradation trend through the management of environmental flows and the use of biomonitoring tools, we investigated the effects of dams on stream macroinvertebrates in several regulated rivers in Spain with contrasting environmental settings. Specifically, we studied longitudinal trends in macroinvertebrate communities to test: i) if currently used biomonitoring tools and multivariate community analyses can detect hydrological impact responses and biological recovery; ii) if an applicable quantification of the recovery gradient, in terms of distance downstream from dams, can be obtained for Iberian fluvial systems; iii) if macroinvertebrate community structure respond different to flow regulation, depending on the contrasting environmental river typologies; and iv) if the type and intensity of hydrological alteration modulates the observed community responses/recovery. Biotic indices and metrics displayed a decrease in 5 out of 6 systems immediately downstream of infrastructure. Complete recovery could not be clearly detected, but some recovery patterns started at a distance >11 km. Multivariate community patterns and biomonitoring metrics showed the most pronounced hydrological alteration impacts and weaker recovery of the downstream macroinvertebrate communities within dammed Mediterranean streams (comparing to other rivers with continental or oceanic climate influence). Finally, both the intensity and type of hydrological alteration (highlighting the alteration of the floods and droughts components) were related to changes in common biomonitoring metrics. Our results could help in recognizing heavily modified-water bodies (sensu European Water Framework Directive) downstream of dams or the delineation of fluvial zones or reserves. Furthermore, applied research areas dealing with environmental flows or the bioassessment of hydrological impacts could benefit from our main findings. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jorge R/D-3856-2019 OI Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jorge R/0000-0002-6170-7523; Mellado-Diaz, Andres/0000-0003-4426-4385; Guareschi, Simone/0000-0003-2962-0863 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133774 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133774 UT WOS:000496802200059 PM 31422332 ER PT J AU Zou, W Tolonen, KT Zhu, GW Qin, BQ Zhang, YL Cao, ZG Peng, K Cai, YJ Gong, ZJ AF Zou, Wei Tolonen, Kimmo T. Zhu, Guangwei Qin, Boqiang Zhang, Yunling Cao, Zhigang Peng, Kai Cai, Yongjiu Gong, Zhijun TI Catastrophic effects of sand mining on macroinvertebrates in a large shallow lake with implications for management SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB Sand mining is a human activity that is increasing in inland waters and has profound effects on entire aquatic ecosystems. However, current knowledge of the effects of sand mining on freshwater lake ecosystems remains limited, especially for biotic communities. Here, we investigated the responses of macroinvertebrates indiscriminate sand mining in a large shallow lake of China. Our results indicated that sand mining significantly increased the content of suspended particulate matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll a in the water column both in the sand mining area and the area adjacent to the dredging activities. While there was significantly lower total nitrogen and the total phosphorus content of the sediment were observed in the sand mining area. In terms of benthic animals, there were reductions of the macroinvertebrate density and biomass of 39.80% and 99.54%, respectively, and there was a considerable decline of the majority of macroinvertebrate taxonomic taxa as well as biological traits observed in the sand mining area due to direct dredging -induced substrate deterioration and high turbidity water. Moreover, in the area adjacent to the dredging activities, dredging-induced high turbidity water also resulted in 28% and 79 decreases in macroinvertebrate density and biomass, respectively, with a significant decrease in the densities of Bivalvia and Polychaeta but an increase in the density of Crustacea. In terms of biological traits, species (e.g., Grundidierella sp. and Sphaenum lac:Lisa-0 characterized by a small body size, short life cycle and dietary sources mainly from sediment were typically associated with the ecological condition of the indirect effects of the dredging activities. Taxa (e.g., Corbicula flurninea) with a larger body size and longer life cycle that are filter feeders should be favored by the ecological conditions of the reference sites. for biomonitoring of sand mining perturbations, a number of taxonomic and biological trait indicators were proposed in our study based on indicator value analysis, and the general applicability of trait-based indicators was highlighted. We also suggest that the biodiversity indices may be less suitable indicators of sand mining effects. Given the limited understanding of the responses of macroinvertebrates to sand mining in inland freshwaters, we believe that our results may provide important information for biomonitoring of sand mining activities and provide scientific management support to governments. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Cai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3560-3798 SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133706 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133706 UT WOS:000496802200012 PM 31419677 ER PT J AU Zuniga-Upegui, P Arnaiz-Schmitz, C Herrero-Jauregui, C Smart, SM Lopez-Santiago, CA Schmitz, MF AF Zuniga-Upegui, P. Arnaiz-Schmitz, C. Herrero-Jauregui, C. Smart, S. M. Lopez-Santiago, C. A. Schmitz, M. F. TI Exploring social-ecological systems in the transition from war to peace: A scenario-based approach to forecasting the post-conflict landscape in a Colombian region SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB This paper describes the relationship between the landscape and the socio-economic and political characteristics of a highly biodiverse Andean region of Colombia, which is now recovering from the socio-ecological impact of protracted armed conflict. We quantify the current spatial relationship between nature and society, and we include legacy effects from the most recent period of armed conflict and its consequences of forced displacement and land use disruption. The procedure followed provides a quantitative model where a minimum number of socio-economic and political variables explain the variation in land cover. The results represent the relationship between land use intensity and the main socio-economic and political indicators, highlighting a close interaction between landscape configuration, socio-economic structure of local populations, coercive conservation and armed conflict. A simulated post-conflict landscape shows a clear transition gradient towards agrarian expansion and intensification, also in systems where naturalness is a relevant feature. The peace process in Colombia offers opportunities for new schemes of land planning and management, including natural resource governance and policy reforms to improve welfare and resilience of local communities. The results allow to define options for future planning given the possible consequences of socio-political legacy effects yet to fully play out across Colombia. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Lopez-Santiago, Cesar A./D-8528-2011; Arnaiz-Schmitz, Cecilia/AAA-5159-2020 OI Lopez-Santiago, Cesar A./0000-0003-3681-1529; SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 695 AR UNSP 133874 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133874 UT WOS:000496802200111 PM 31756872 ER PT J AU Koopmans, R Veit, S Yemane, R AF Koopmans, Ruud Veit, Susanne Yemane, Ruta TI Taste or statistics? A correspondence study of ethnic, racial and religious labour market discrimination in Germany SO ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES AB In this study we compare rates of discrimination across German-born applicants from thirty-five ethnic groups in which various racial and religious treatment groups are embedded, this study allows us to better distinguish taste and statistical sources of discrimination, and to assess the relative importance of ethnicity, phenotype and religious affiliation as signals triggering discrimination. The study is based on applications to almost 6,000 job vacancies with male and female applicants in eight occupations across Germany. We test taste discrimination based on cultural value distance between groups against statistical discrimination based on average education levels and find that discrimination is mostly driven by the former. Based on this pattern, ethnic, racial and religious groups whose average values are relatively distant from the German average face the strongest discrimination. By contrast, employers do not treat minority groups with value patterns closer to Germany's different from ethnic German applicants without a migration background. SN 0141-9870 EI 1466-4356 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 42 IS 16 SI SI BP 233 EP 252 DI 10.1080/01419870.2019.1654114 UT WOS:000489002800001 ER PT J AU Mao, DH He, XY Wang, ZM Tian, YL Xiang, HX Yu, H Man, WD Jia, MM Ren, CY Zheng, HF AF Mao, Dehua He, Xingyuan Wang, Zongming Tian, Yanlin Xiang, Hengxing Yu, Hao Man, Weidong Jia, Mingming Ren, Chunying Zheng, Haifeng TI Diverse policies leading to contrasting impacts on land cover and ecosystem services in Northeast China SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB Understanding where important ecosystem services originate in space and how they change in time is essential for sustainable ecosystem management. Spatially explicit information of integrated changes in land cover and ecosystem services impacted by diverse policies has been unavailable in Northeast China, limiting the improvement of human well-being. Therefore, this study integrated remote sensing, meteorological records, and statistical data to evaluate the impacts of policies on land cover and ecosystem services from 2000 to 2015. The results reveal that diverse policies induced both notable changes in land cover, as well as geospatially varied changes in ecosystem services. Specifically, agricultural cultivation was still the dominant factor driving the losses of woodland, grassland, and wetland, while large areas of croplands have been returned to natural land cover, including a net area increase in woodland (2256 km(2)). Cropland expansion occurred at the expense of wetland (7121 km(2)), while the expansion of built-up land was converted primarily from cropland (62.8%). Marked decrease in water yield was observed, while sandstorm prevention, habitat suitability, and grain production have been enhanced on the scale of Northeast China. Moreover, soil retention and ecosystem carbon stock decreased slightly. In terms of present policies and changes in ecosystem services, it is important to rethink the emphasis on food production, reduce policy-driven natural ecosystem losses, and enhance the effectiveness of ecological projects. The findings are expected to help achieve win-win outcomes between ecological conservation and social-economic development in Northeast China. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 PD DEC 10 PY 2019 VL 240 AR UNSP 117961 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117961 UT WOS:000487936100058 ER PT J AU Gebrewahid, Y Abrehe, S AF Gebrewahid, Yikunoamlak Abrehe, Selemawi TI Biodiversity conservation through indigenous agricultural practices: Woody species composition, density and diversity along an altitudinal gradient of Northern Ethiopia SO COGENT FOOD & AGRICULTURE AB The greatest human impact on the forest ecosystems such as loss of forest area, habitat fragmentation, and soil degradation leads to decline biodiversity. These impacts can be addressed by the integration of trees on the agricultural landscape and maintaining the existing forests. In order to determine woody species diversity and density of tree on farmland in relation to the attitudinal gradient, 75 sample quadrats having an area of 100 m x 50 m, 15 sample quadrats in each range of altitude were measured. The result indicates that a total of 42 woody species belongs to 23 families and Fabaceae were the dominant family. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in woody species diversity, richness, evenness, tree density and the basal area between the attitudinal gradient ranges. Woody species richness (4.00), diversity indexes (1.11) and tree density (21.34) were higher in the middle altitude (1500-2000 m a.s.l). However, woody species evenness index (0.91) and the basal area (0.80) were highest in the 2000-2500 and 2500-3000 m a.s.l, respectively. Acacia abyssinica subsp. Abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, and Cordia Africana were found to have the highest IVI (importance value index). Boswellia papyrifera, Acacia abyssinica subsp. Abyssinica and Diospyros mespiliformis were found to have the highest density. It can be generally concluded that the indigenous agricultural practices have been one way of diversifying agroecosystem in a way that has positive effects on ecological stability and can conserve species diversity. SN 2331-1932 PD DEC 9 PY 2019 VL 5 IS 1 AR UNSP 1700744 DI 10.1080/23311932.2019.1700744 UT WOS:000507630400001 ER PT J AU Bhatta, LD Udas, E Khan, B Ajmal, A Amir, R Ranabhat, S AF Bhatta, Laxmi Dutt Udas, Erica Khan, Babar Ajmal, Anila Amir, Roheela Ranabhat, Sunita TI Local knowledge based perceptions on climate change and its impacts in the Rakaposhi valley of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand local perceptions on climate change and its impacts on biodiversity, rangeland, agriculture and human health. Design/methodology/approach A household survey with 300 interviewees and focus group discussions with key stakeholders were conducted and validated at two steps, using the climate data from the nearest weather stations and reviewing literatures, to correlate the local perceptions on climate change and its impacts. Findings Majority of the respondents reported an increase in temperature and change in the precipitation pattern with increased hazardous incidences such as floods, avalanches and landslides. Climate change directly impacted plant distribution, species composition, disease and pest infestation, forage availability, agricultural productivity and human health risks related to infectious vector-borne diseases. Originality/value This research focuses on combining local knowledge-based perceptions and climate science to elaborate the impacts of climate change in a localised context in Rakaposhi Valley in Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan. SN 1756-8692 EI 1756-8706 DI 10.1108/IJCCSM-05-2019-0024 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000506707300001 ER PT J AU Kilunda, FK Conradie, W Wasonga, DV Jin, JQ Peng, MS Murphy, RW Malonza, PK Che, J AF Kilunda, Felista Kasyoka Conradie, Werner Wasonga, Domnick Victor Jin, Jie-Qiong Peng, Min-Sheng Murphy, Robert W. Malonza, Patrick Kinyatta Che, Jing TI Revalidation and resurrection of Panaspis massaiensis (Angel, 1924) and the description of a new species of Panaspis Cope (Squamata: Scincidae) from south-eastern Kenya SO ZOOTAXA AB Historically Panaspis wahlbergi (Smith, 1849) has been the only assignable species present in Kenya. Recent studies have shown that it comprises multiple cryptic species and the nominal species is now restricted to southern Africa. Newly collected mitochondrial data (16S rRNA) helped to resolve the status of the Kenyan populations, which revealed the presence of two distant related species. Pairwise distances show average 5.87% differences between the two Kenyan species, and 3.58-5.27% and 8.62-9.15% to nominal P. wahlbergi and P. maculicollis Jacobsen & Broadley, 2000 respectively. Ablepharus massaiensis Angel, 1924 was described from the Maasai plains near Nairobi, but has long been considered a junior synonym of P. wahlbergi. We herein resurrect Panaspis massaiensis comb. nov. as a valid species and describe a new species, Panaspis tsavoensis sp. nov. from the Tsavo Conservation Area in south-eastern Kenya. Morphological examinations of specimens reveal minor differences from each other as well as nominal forms of P. wahlbergi and P. maculicollis. Panaspis massaiensis comb. nov. shares with the P. wahlbergi group a white ventrolateral stripe but can be distinguished by the presence of 26 midbody scale rows versus 24. Panaspis tsavoensis sp. nov. on the other hand, lacks the white ventrolateral stripe, most similar to the P. maculicollis group but differs in that P. maculicollis breeding males have a black patch on the neck with diagonal rows of white spots. Panaspis massaiensis comb. nov. is widespread in the Kenyan and northern Tanzanian highlands, isolated dryland montane forests and rocky hills, while P. tsavoensis sp. nov. occur in the expansive arid lowlands of Tsavo Conservation Area and should be present in similar arid lowlands in northern Kenya as well as in adjacent Tanzania. RI Conradie, Werner/D-4635-2011 OI Conradie, Werner/0000-0003-0805-9683 SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 9 PY 2019 VL 4706 IS 2 BP 255 EP 274 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.2.3 UT WOS:000502320300003 ER PT J AU Agrippineyetchom-Fondjo, J Kekeunou, S Kenne, M Missoup, AD Huang, HT Ma, LB Xu, SQ AF Agrippineyetchom-Fondjo, Jeanne Kekeunou, Sevilor Kenne, Martin Missoup, Alain Didier Huang, Huateng Ma, Libin Xu, Sheng-Quan TI A Checklist of Short-horned Grasshopper Species (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from Littoral Region of Cameroon with description of a new species of the genus Hemierianthus Saussure, 1903 (Orthoptera: Chorotypidae) SO ZOOTAXA AB The Littoral Region of Cameroon is one of the most highly disturbed regions in Cameroon that remain poorly studied and where no investigation regarding the grasshopper fauna has been conducted. Hence a survey was conducted from August 2015 to November 2018 in 11 localities of this region. In each locality, grasshoppers were sampled in three vegetation types (forests, fallows and cultivated farms) using sweep nets sampling method. We collected in total 51 short-horned grasshopper species belonging to the families Acrididae, Chorotypidae, Euschmidtiidae, Pyrgomorphidae and Thericleidae. Among these species, 43 belong to Acrididae, 5 to Pyrgomorphidae and only one belongs to the Chorotypidae, Euschmidtiidae and Thericleidae respectively. The Chorotypidae species Hemierianthus mbongueensis Yetchom & Xu sp.nov. is also described in this study. Twelve grasshopper species were widely distributed as they occurred in all study sites and 11 were recorded exclusively from one study site. This study showed that there is high species richness of short-horned grasshoppers in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. However, more sampling effort in different ecosystems of this region and other regions of Cameroon will certainly improve our understanding on grasshopper taxonomy, ecology and biogeography. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 9 PY 2019 VL 4706 IS 2 BP 311 EP 331 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.2.6 UT WOS:000502320300006 ER PT J AU Nakamura, G Goncalves, LO Duarte, LD AF Nakamura, Gabriel Goncalves, Larissa Oliveira Duarte, Leandro da Silva TI Revisiting the dimensionality of biological diversity SO ECOGRAPHY AB Biodiversity can be represented by different dimensions. While many diversity metrics try to capture the variation of these dimensions they also lead to a 'fragmentation' of the concept of biodiversity itself. Developing a unified measure that integrates all the dimensions of biodiversity is a theoretical solution for this problem, however, it remains operationally impossible. Alternatively, understanding which dimensions better represent the biodiversity of a set of communities can be a reliable way to integrate the different diversity metrics. Therefore, to achieve a holistic understand of biological diversity, we explore the concept of dimensionality. We define dimensionality of diversity as the number of complementary components of biodiversity, represented by diversity metrics, needed to describe biodiversity in an unambiguously and effective way. We provide a solution that joins two components of dimensionality - correlation and the variation - operationalized through two metrics, respectively: evenness of eigenvalues (EE) and importance values (IV). Through simulation we show that considering EE and IV together can provide information that is neglected when only EE is considered. We demonstrate how to apply this framework by investigating the dimensionality of South American small mammal communities. Our example evidenced that, for some representations of biological diversity, more attention is needed in the choice of diversity metrics necessary to effectively characterize biodiversity. We conclude by highlighting that this integrated framework provides a better understanding of dimensionality than considering only the correlation component. OI de Souza, Gabriel/0000-0002-5144-5312 SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 DI 10.1111/ecog.04574 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502664100001 ER PT J AU Bell, AN Smith, DS Juvonen, J AF Bell, Ariana N. Smith, Danielle S. Juvonen, Jaana TI Interpersonal attitudes toward cross-ethnic peers in diverse middle schools: Implications for intergroup attitudes SO GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS AB To gain insights into whether schools striving to improve intergroup dynamics should curb disliking or facilitate liking across students of different ethnic groups, the current study examines the associations between interpersonal affect and intergroup relations in multiethnic schools. Given (i.e., outgoing) peer nominations of liked and disliked grade-mates were coded by ethnicity in 26 public middle schools, including all Asian, Black, Latinx, and White students (N = 4,350). Controlling for earlier intergroup attitudes and the availability of ethnic ingroup and relevant outgroup grade-mates, multilevel analyses show that liking (but not disliking) of cross-ethnic grade-mates was associated with more positive attitudes toward that particular ethnic group. Implications of these findings for intergroup relations among adolescents in multiethnic schools are discussed. SN 1368-4302 EI 1461-7188 AR UNSP 1368430219888020 DI 10.1177/1368430219888020 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501945000001 ER PT J AU Linke, S Lehner, B Dallaire, CO Ariwi, J Grill, G Anand, M Beames, P Burchard-Levine, V Maxwell, S Moidu, H Tan, F Thieme, M AF Linke, Simon Lehner, Bernhard Dallaire, Camille Ouellet Ariwi, Joseph Grill, Gunther Anand, Mira Beames, Penny Burchard-Levine, Vicente Maxwell, Sally Moidu, Hana Tan, Florence Thieme, Michele TI Global hydro-environmental sub-basin and river reach characteristics at high spatial resolution SO SCIENTIFIC DATA AB The HydroAT LAS database provides a standardized compendium of descriptive hydro-environmental information for all watersheds and rivers of the world at high spatial resolution. Version 1.0 of HydroATLAS offers data for 56 variables, partitioned into 281 individual attributes and organized in six categories: hydrology; physiography; climate; land cover & use; soils & geology; and anthropogenic influences. HydroATLAS derives the hydro-environmental characteristics by aggregating and reformatting original data from well-established global digital maps, and by accumulating them along the drainage network from headwaters to ocean outlets. The attributes are linked to hierarchically nested sub-basins at multiple scales, as well as to individual river reaches, both extracted from the global HydroSHEDS database at 15 arc-second (similar to 500 m) resolution. The sub-basin and river reach information is offered in two companion datasets: BasinATLAS and RiverATLAS. The standardized format of HydroAT LAS ensures easy applicability while the inherent topological information supports basic network functionality such as identifying up- and downstream connections. HydroAT LAS is fully compatible with other products of the overarching HydroSHEDS project enabling versatile hydroecological assessments for a broad user community. OI Lehner, Bernhard/0000-0003-3712-2581; Linke, Simon/0000-0002-1797-3947 EI 2052-4463 PD DEC 9 PY 2019 VL 6 AR 283 DI 10.1038/s41597-019-0300-6 UT WOS:000501897000001 PM 31819059 ER PT J AU Alarie, Y AF Alarie, Yves TI The Hydradephaga (Coleoptera, Haliplidae, Gyrinidae, and Dytiscidae) fauna of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: new records, distributions, and faunal composition SO ZOOKEYS AB The Haliplidae, Gyrinidae, and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada were surveyed during the years 2006-2007. A total of 2027 individuals from 85 species was collected from 94 different localities, which brings to 87 the number of species recorded for this locality. Among these, Heterosternuta allegheniana (Matta & Wolfe), H. wickhami (Zaitzev), Hydroporus appalachius Sherman, H. gossei Larson & Roughley, H. nigellus Mannerheim, H. puberulus LeConte, Ilybius picipes (Kirby), and I. wasastjernae (C.R. Sahlberg) are reported for the first time in Nova Scotia. The Nearctic component of the fauna is made up of 71 species (81.6%), the Holarctic component of 16 species (18.4%). Most species are characteristic of both the Boreal and Atlantic Maritime Ecozones and have a transcontinental distribution but 19 species (21.8%), which are generally recognized as species with eastern affinities. In an examination of the Hydradephaga of insular portions of Atlantic Canada, it was shown that the island faunas of Cape Breton Island and Prince Edward Island are very similar (87 and 84 species, respectively) despite differences in composition suggesting that more Hydradephaga species have yet to be found on Cape Breton Island. SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 PD DEC 9 PY 2019 IS 897 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.3897/zookeys.897.46344 UT WOS:000501496000004 PM 31857787 ER PT J AU Bogutskaya, NG Diripasko, OA Zupancic, P Jelic, D Naseka, AM AF Bogutskaya, Nina G. Diripasko, Oleg A. Zupancic, Primoz Jelic, Dugan Naseka, Alexander M. TI Phenotypic diversity in an endangered freshwater fish Squalius microlepis (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae) SO ZOOKEYS AB Squalius microlepis was examined from recent and historical collections within the known range of the species with special emphasis on intraspecific variability and variations, and compared to its closest relative species S. tenellus (in total, 193 specimens; 33 absolute and 52 proportional measurements and ratios, and 12 counts including vertebrae). Squalius tenellus was perfectly differentiated in all statistical analyses and can be diagnosed by 76-95 (vs. 64-80) scales in lateral series, 68-83 (vs. 58-77) lateral-line scales, (17)18-20 (vs. 13-16(17)) scales above lateral line, and (7)8-10 (vs. 4-7) scales below lateral line. Squalius microlepis was morphologically heterogeneous, with two phenotypes readily distinguishable (phenotype 1 corresponding to S. microlepis s. str. as defined by its lectotype) by a combination of many characters; those contributing most to the discrimination were number of gill rakers, length of lower jaw (% interorbital width), and head length (% SL). Only phenotype 1 was found in the Ricina-Prolosko Blato-Vrljika karst system; most of the specimens from the lower Matica and the Tihaljina-Trebizat karst system were identified as phenotype 2; the sample from karstic polies near Vrgorac contained both phenotype 1 and 2, and individuals of intermediate morphology. As very limited molecular data exist on the two phenotypes of S. microlepis, we refrain from any taxonomic conclusions until new molecular approaches (and new markers) arc used. We also report on a dramatic reduction of the area of distribution and abundance of S. microlepis. in recent years. SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 PD DEC 9 PY 2019 IS 897 BP 115 EP 147 DI 10.3897/zookeys.897.38768 UT WOS:000501496000007 PM 31857790 ER PT J AU Monge-Gonzalez, ML Craven, D Kromer, T Castillo-Campos, G Hernandez-Sanchez, A Guzman-Jacob, V Guerrero-Ramirez, N Kreft, H AF Leticia Monge-Gonzalez, Maria Craven, Dylan Kromer, Thorsten Castillo-Campos, Gonzalo Hernandez-Sanchez, Alejandro Guzman-Jacob, Valeria Guerrero-Ramirez, Nathaly Kreft, Holger TI Response of tree diversity and community composition to forest use intensity along a tropical elevational gradient SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE AB Question Land-use change and intensification are currently the most pervasive threats to tropical biodiversity. Yet, their effects on biodiversity change with elevation are unknown. Here, we examine how tree diversity and community composition vary with elevation and how the effects of forest use intensity on tree diversity and community composition change within elevations. Location Eastern slopes of the Cofre de Perote mountain, state of Veracruz, Mexico. Methods We assessed tree diversity and composition using a sampling design in which elevation was crossed with three levels of forest use intensity: old-growth, degraded, and secondary forests. We established 120 20 m x 20 m forest plots, located at eight sites between 0 m and 3,545 m. At each site, five replicate plots were inventoried for each level of forest use intensity. Results Our analyses revealed an interactive effect between elevation and forest use intensity affecting tree diversity and community composition along the elevational gradient. Contrasting effects of forest use intensity within elevation resulted in tree diversity following a low-plateau pattern for old-growth and a bimodal pattern for degraded and secondary forests. Along the entire elevational gradient, there were 217 tree species distributed within 154 genera and 80 families. Species accumulation curves revealed that forests at 0 m and 1,500 m elevation showed differences in species richness among forest use intensities. In contrast, species richness did not differ between old-growth forest and the other forest use intensities in five of the eight studied elevations. In terms of community composition, secondary forests differed from old-growth and degraded forests. Conclusion Our results suggest that the interactive effects of elevation and forest use intensity change tree diversity patterns and community composition along a tropical elevational gradient. Degraded forests were similar to old-growth forests in terms of species diversity and composition, suggesting that they may act as a safeguard of tree diversity in human-dominated tropical landscapes. RI Craven, Dylan/K-2717-2012; Kromer, Thorsten/C-2479-2009; Kreft, Holger/A-4736-2008 OI Craven, Dylan/0000-0003-3940-833X; Kromer, Thorsten/0000-0002-1398-8172; Kreft, Holger/0000-0003-4471-8236 SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X PD JAN PY 2020 VL 23 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1111/avsc.12465 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501507600001 ER PT J AU Wei, CL Cusson, M Archambault, P Belley, R Brown, T Burd, BJ Edinger, E Kenchington, E Gilkinson, K Lawton, P Link, H Ramey-Balci, PA Scrosati, RA Snelgrove, PVR AF Wei, Chih-Lin Cusson, Mathieu Archambault, Philippe Belley, Renald Brown, Tanya Burd, Brenda J. Edinger, Evan Kenchington, Ellen Gilkinson, Kent Lawton, Peter Link, Heike Ramey-Balci, Patricia A. Scrosati, Ricardo A. Snelgrove, Paul V. R. TI Seafloor biodiversity of Canada's three oceans: Patterns, hotspots and potential drivers SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS AB Aim We examined the relationships between bathymetry, latitude and energy and the diversity of marine benthic invertebrates across wide environmental ranges of Canada's three oceans. Location Canadian Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic Oceans from the intertidal zone to upper bathyal depths, encompassing 13 marine ecoregions. Methods We compiled 35 benthic datasets that encompass 3,337 taxa (70% identified to species and 21% to genus) from 13,172 samples spanning 6,117 sites. Partitioning the analyses by different gear types, ecoregions or sites, we used Hill numbers to examine spatial patterns in alpha-diversity. We used resampling and extrapolation to standardized sampling effort and examined the effects of depth, latitude, chemical energy (export particulate organic carbon [POC] flux), thermal energy (bottom temperature) and seasonality of primary production on the benthic biodiversity. Results The Canadian Arctic harboured the highest benthic diversity (e.g. epifauna and common and dominant infauna species), whereas the lowest diversity was found in the Atlantic. The Puget Trough (Pacific), Beaufort Sea, Arctic Archipelago, Hudson Bay, Northern Labrador and Southern Grand Bank (Atlantic) were the "hotspots" of diversity among the ecoregions. The infauna and epifauna both exhibited hump-shaped diversity-depth relationships, with peak diversity near shelf breaks; latitude (positively) predicted infaunal diversity, albeit weakly. Food supply, as inferred from primary production and depth, was more important than thermal energy in controlling diversity patterns. Limitations with respect to calculating POC flux in coastal (e.g. terrestrial runoff) and ice-covered regions or biological interactions may explain the negative POC flux-infaunal diversity relationship. Main Conclusions We show previously unreported diversity hotspots in the Canadian Arctic and in other ecoregions. Our analyses reveal potential controlling mechanisms of large-scale benthic biodiversity patterns in Canada's three oceans, which are inconsistent with the prevailing view of seafloor energy-diversity relationships. These results provide insightful information for conservation that can help to implement further MPA networks. RI ; Wei, Ching-Ling/E-2793-2016 OI Cusson, Mathieu/0000-0002-2111-4803; Wei, Ching-Ling/0000-0001-7467-1489 SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 26 IS 2 BP 226 EP 241 DI 10.1111/ddi.13013 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501302300001 ER PT J AU Lyons, MP Kozak, KH AF Lyons, Marta P. Kozak, Kenneth H. TI Vanishing islands in the sky? A comparison of correlation- and mechanism-based forecasts of range dynamics for montane salamanders under climate change SO ECOGRAPHY AB Forecasting the effects of climate change on species and populations is a fundamental goal of conservation biology, especially for montane endemics which seemingly are under the greatest threat of extinction given their association with cool, high elevation habitats. Species distribution models (also known as niche models) predict where on the landscape there is suitable habitat for a species of interest. Correlative niche modeling, the most commonly employed approach to predict species' distributions, relies on correlations between species' localities and current environmental data. This type of model could spuriously forecast less future suitable habitat because species' current distributions may not adequately represent their thermal tolerance, and future climate conditions may not be analogous to current conditions. We compared the predicted distributions for three montane species of Plethodon salamanders in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America using a correlative modeling approach and a mechanistic model. The mechanistic model incorporates species-specific physiology, morphology and behavior to predict an annual energy budget on the landscape. Both modeling approaches performed well at predicting the species' current distributions and predicted that all species could persist in habitats at higher elevation through 2085. The mechanistic model predicted more future suitable habitat than the correlative model. We attribute these differences to the mechanistic approach being able to model shifts in key range-limiting biological processes (changes in surface activity time and energy costs) that the correlative approach cannot. Choice of global circulation model (GCM) contributed significantly to distribution predictions, with a tenfold difference in future suitability based on GCM, indicating that GCM variability should be either directly included in models of species distributions or, indirectly, through the use of multi-model ensemble averages. Our results indicate that correlative models are over-predicting habitat loss for montane species, suggesting a critical need to incorporate mechanisms into forecasts of species' range dynamics. OI Lyons, Marta/0000-0002-8117-8710 SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 DI 10.1111/ecog.04282 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501803500001 ER PT J AU Doll, P Trautmann, T Gollner, M Schmied, HM AF Doell, Petra Trautmann, Tim Goellner, Mareike Schmied, Hannes Mueller TI A global-scale analysis of water storage dynamics of inland wetlands: Quantifying the impacts of human water use and man-made reservoirs as well as the unavoidable and avoidable impacts of climate change SO ECOHYDROLOGY AB Wetlands such as bogs, swamps, or freshwater marshes are hotspots of biodiversity. For 5.1 million km(2) of inland wetlands, the dynamics of area and water storage, which strongly impact biodiversity and ecosystem services, were simulated using the global hydrological model WaterGAP. For the first time, the impacts of both human water use and man-made reservoirs (WUR) and future climate change (CC) on wetlands around the globe were quantified. WUR impacts are concentrated in arid/semiarid regions, where WUR decreased mean wetland water storage by more than 5% on 8.2% of the mean wetland area during 1986-2005 (A(m)), with highest decreases in groundwater depletion area. Using output of three climate models, CC impacts on wetlands were quantified, distinguishing unavoidable impacts [i.e., at 2 degrees C global warming (GW)] from avoidable impacts (difference between 3 degrees C and 2 degrees C impacts). Even unavoidable CC impacts are projected to be much larger than WUR impacts, also in arid/semiarid regions. On most wetland area with reliable estimates, avoidable CC impacts are more than twice as large as unavoidable impacts. In case of 2 degrees C GW, half of A(m) is estimated to be unaffected by mean storage changes of more than 5%, but only one third in case of 3 degrees C GW. Temporal variability of water storage will increase for most wetlands. Wetlands in dry regions will be affected the most, particularly by water storage decreases in the dry season. Different from wealthier countries, low-income countries will dominantly suffer from a decrease in wetland water storage due to CC. RI ; Muller Schmied, Hannes/K-6231-2013 OI Doll, Petra/0000-0003-2238-4546; Muller Schmied, Hannes/0000-0001-5330-9923 SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 13 IS 1 AR e2175 DI 10.1002/eco.2175 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501555700001 ER PT J AU Baker, CE Brooks-Gunn, J Gouskova, N AF Baker, Claire E. Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne Gouskova, Natalia TI Reciprocal Relations Between Maternal Depression and Child Behavior Problems in Families Served by Head Start SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT AB This study used longitudinal cross-lagged modeling to examine reciprocal relations between maternal depression and child behavior problems. Data were drawn from 3,119 children (40% Hispanic, 30% African American, 20% White, and 10% other) from the Family and Child Experiences Survey of 2009 (a nationally representative sample of children served by Head Start). Results documented reciprocal relations between maternal depression and child behavior problems across early childhood (i.e., child age 3-5). Furthermore, the effect of child behavior problems on maternal depression was moderated by child race/ethnicity during children's first year in Head Start, such that the negative effect of child behavior problems on African American mothers' depression was more pronounced compared to Hispanics and other racial/ethnic groups. SN 0009-3920 EI 1467-8624 DI 10.1111/cdev.13344 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501346500001 PM 31814133 ER PT J AU Simmonds, JS Reside, AE Stone, Z Walsh, JC Ward, MS Maron, M AF Simmonds, Jeremy S. Reside, April E. Stone, Zoe Walsh, Jessica C. Ward, Michelle S. Maron, Martine TI Vulnerable species and ecosystems are falling through the cracks of environmental impact assessments SO CONSERVATION LETTERS AB Proponents of development projects (e.g., new roads, mines, dams) are frequently required to assess and manage their impacts on threatened biodiversity. Here, we propose that the environmental legislation and standards that mandate such assessments are failing those threatened species and ecological communities listed as vulnerable. Using a case study of Australia's key environmental legislation, we highlight that vulnerable ecological communities receive no statutory protection, while vulnerable species are held to a less stringent standard in the impact assessment process compared with those that are endangered or critically endangered. In the 19 years since Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 was enacted, four times as many vulnerable species have declined in their threat status than have improved. Beyond Australia, we demonstrate the global relevance of this issue, as it applies to internationally recognized best practice impact assessment guidelines. These cases provide a cautionary tale: without greater attention and stricter assessment criteria in the impact assessment process, the vulnerable species of today risk becoming the endangered species of tomorrow, with all the attendant costs and missed opportunities for recovery that this implies. OI /0000-0002-5284-4323 SN 1755-263X AR e12694 DI 10.1111/conl.12694 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501461800001 ER PT J AU Verma, P Sagar, R AF Verma, Preeti Sagar, R. TI Responses of diversity, productivity, and stability to the nitrogen input in a tropical grassland SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a matter of serious concern for the structure and functioning of global ecosystems, but the effect of N application of species diversity (D), primary productivity (P), and stability (S) of tropical grassland ecosystems is not known. The present study reports the effects of different levels of N application on species composition, and the D, P, S, and their relationships in a tropical grassland. Within the experimental grassland, 72 1 x 1 m plots with 6 N-input levels and with 12 replicates, were established in 2013. For 3 yr, different doses of urea as a source of N were applied to the plots. Data on individuals and biomass of each species were recorded and statistically analyzed. The study revealed that the N applied caused variations in species composition, D, P, and S. Below the 90 kg N dose, D was positively related to P and S while, above this level, the relations were negative due to N-induced responses of species and functional group composition as well as biomass distribution among them. The optimum applied N levels for maximum D (50-60 kg N), P (120 kg N), and a positive relationship of S with D (up to 90 kg N treatment) suggested that the 90-kg N dose could be the maximum dose of N that the grassland can tolerate. Hence, N application should not exceed the 90-kg level for sustainability of the structure and functioning of tropical grassland ecosystems. OI Sagar, R/0000-0001-5140-2737 SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 DI 10.1002/eap.2037 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501369800001 PM 31710402 ER PT J AU Rynkiewicz, EC Fenton, A Pedersen, AB AF Rynkiewicz, Evelyn C. Fenton, Andy Pedersen, Amy B. TI Linking community assembly and structure across scales in a wild mouse parasite community SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Understanding what processes drive community structure is fundamental to ecology. Many wild animals are simultaneously infected by multiple parasite species, so host-parasite communities can be valuable tools for investigating connections between community structures at multiple scales, as each host can be considered a replicate parasite community. Like free-living communities, within-host-parasite communities are hierarchical; ecological interactions between hosts and parasites can occur at multiple scales (e.g., host community, host population, parasite community within the host), therefore, both extrinsic and intrinsic processes can determine parasite community structure. We combine analyses of community structure and assembly at both the host population and individual scales using extensive datasets on wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and their parasite community. An analysis of parasite community nestedness at the host population scale provided predictions about the order of infection at the individual scale, which were then tested using parasite community assembly data from individual hosts from the same populations. Nestedness analyses revealed parasite communities were significantly more structured than random. However, observed nestedness did not differ from null models in which parasite species abundance was kept constant. We did not find consistency between observed community structure at the host population scale and within-host order of infection. Multi-state Markov models of parasite community assembly showed that a host's likelihood of infection with one parasite did not consistently follow previous infection by a different parasite species, suggesting there is not a deterministic order of infection among the species we investigated in wild wood mice. Our results demonstrate that patterns at one scale (i.e., host population) do not reliably predict processes at another scale (i.e., individual host), and that neutral or stochastic processes may be driving the patterns of nestedness observed in these communities. We suggest that experimental approaches that manipulate parasite communities are needed to better link processes at multiple ecological scales. RI Fenton, Andy/B-5972-2009 OI Fenton, Andy/0000-0002-7676-917X; Pedersen, Amy/0000-0002-1385-1360 SN 2045-7758 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 24 BP 13752 EP 13763 DI 10.1002/ece3.5785 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501535600001 PM 31938479 ER PT J AU Lomba, A Moreira, F Klimek, S Jongman, RHG Sullivan, C Moran, J Poux, X Honrado, JP Pinto-Correia, T Plieninger, T McCracken, DI AF Lomba, Angela Moreira, Francisco Klimek, Sebastian Jongman, Robert H. G. Sullivan, Caroline Moran, James Poux, Xavier Honrado, Joao P. Pinto-Correia, Teresa Plieninger, Tobias McCracken, David, I TI Back to the future: rethinking socioecological systems underlying high nature value farmlands SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT AB Farmlands are currently among the dominant uses of the land. When managed under low-input farming systems, farmlands are associated with diverse cultural and natural heritages around the world. Known in Europe as high nature value (HNV) farmlands, these agricultural landscapes and their associated farming systems evolved as tightly coupled socioecological systems, and are essential to biodiversity conservation and the delivery of ecosystem services to society. However, HNV farmlands are vulnerable to socioeconomic changes that lead to either agricultural intensification or land abandonment. We present a range of plausible future scenarios for HNV farmlands, and discuss the related management options and expected socioecological outcomes for each scenario. We then provide recommendations for policy, practice, and research on how to best ensure the socioecological viability of HNV farming systems in the future. RI McCracken, David I/G-6869-2012; Moran, James/C-9960-2011; Honrado, Joao/L-8365-2013; Lomba, Angela/L-7117-2013 OI McCracken, David I/0000-0001-5057-0448; Moran, James/0000-0002-2845-4325; Honrado, Joao/0000-0001-8443-4276; Klimek, Sebastian/0000-0002-2544-640X; Lomba, Angela/0000-0003-3748-8751 SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 18 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1002/fee.2116 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501368100001 ER PT J AU Mosher, BA Bernard, RF Lorch, JM Miller, DAW Richgels, KLD White, CL Grant, EHC AF Mosher, Brittany A. Bernard, Riley F. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Miller, David A. W. Richgels, Katherine L. D. White, C. LeAnn Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Successful molecular detection studies require clear communication among diverse research partners SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT AB Molecular detection techniques are powerful tools used in ecological applications ranging from diet analyses to pathogen surveillance. Research partnerships that use these tools often involve collaboration among professionals with expertise in field biology, laboratory techniques, quantitative modeling, wildlife disease, and natural resource management. However, in many cases, each of these collaborators lacks specific knowledge about the approaches, decisions, methods, and terminology used by their research partners, which can impede effective communication and act as a barrier to the efficient use of molecular data for ecological inferences and subsequent conservation decision making. We outline a collaborative framework to assist colleagues with diverse types of expertise to effectively translate their scientific and management needs to research partners from other specialties. The molecular techniques used to detect organisms will continue to advance both in sophistication and in the breadth of ecological applications. Our objective is to enable ecologists to harness the full utility of these methods by developing effective collaborative partnerships. RI Bernard, Riley/AAD-3217-2020 OI Bernard, Riley/0000-0002-1321-3625 SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1002/fee.2141 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501367800001 ER PT J AU Breckheimer, IK Theobald, EJ Cristea, NC Wilson, AK Lundquist, JD Rochefort, RM HilleRisLambers, J AF Breckheimer, Ian K. Theobald, Elli J. Cristea, Nicoleta C. Wilson, Anna K. Lundquist, Jessica D. Rochefort, Regina M. HilleRisLambers, Janneke TI Crowd-sourced data reveal social-ecological mismatches in phenology driven by climate SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT AB Shifts in phenology that are driven by climate change have substantial impacts on ecosystems, but the effects of these ecological shifts on coupled social-ecological systems remain largely unexplored. Using a large database of crowd-sourced photographs from the image-hosting website Flickr, we show that early snow disappearance conditions similar to those expected by the late 21st century cause the seasonal peak of human visitation at Mount Rainier National Park (NP) to become mismatched from the seasonal peak of wildflower displays, a key visitor draw. Our work indicates that these mismatches between social and ecological systems were a product of both visitor behavior and management constraints, and could fundamentally alter visitor experiences in iconic natural areas like Mount Rainier NP. Recent dramatic growth in the volume of georeferenced citizen-based observations and the increased availability of high-resolution climate data will soon make it feasible to examine how climate affects social-ecological mismatches at very large spatial scales. SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 DI 10.1002/fee.2142 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501367600001 ER PT J AU Kang, FR Yang, B Wujisiguleng Yang, X Wang, L Guo, JX Sun, W Zhang, Q Zhang, T AF Kang, Furong Yang, Bing Wujisiguleng Yang, Xue Wang, Lei Guo, Jixun Sun, Wei Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Tao TI Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate the negative effect of nitrogen deposition on ecosystem functions in meadow grassland SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Nitrogen (N) deposition can reduce plant species richness and cause grassland degradation, thus affecting grassland ecosystem stability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in ecosystem stability. However, the influences of AM fungi on grassland ecosystem stability under N deposition remain unclear. We need more information on the impacts of N accumulation on the interactions between AM fungi and the plant community. To test the contribution of AM fungi to grassland stability under N deposition, a 5-year field experiment was conducted in a temperate meadow with two manipulated factors, namely, N addition and AM fungi suppression. The plant species richness and diversity, biomass stability, litter decomposition, and greenhouse gas emissions were quantified. Under N addition, AM fungi did not affect the plant species diversity and richness but altered the coverages of different functional groups and increased the aboveground productivity and biomass stability. Litter decomposition increased under N addition and increased more in the treatment where AM fungi were not suppressed. The emissions of N2O and CH4 in the AM fungi suppression treatment were much higher than those in the nonsuppression treatment under N addition. Our results suggest that AM fungi can alter the plant community structure, increase plant productivity and community biomass stability, accelerate litter decomposition, and reduce the soil total N concentration and emissions of N2O and CH4 under N addition. Our results highlight that the conservation of AM fungi should be considered to alleviate grassland degradation and maintain grassland ecosystem multifunctionality in the future considering global change. OI Zhang, Tao/0000-0002-1229-9121 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3491 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501522700001 ER PT J AU Petracca, LS Funston, PJ Henschel, P Cohen, JB Maclennan, S Frair, JL AF Petracca, L. S. Funston, P. J. Henschel, P. Cohen, J. B. Maclennan, S. Frair, J. L. TI Modeling community occupancy from line transect data: a case study with large mammals in post-war Angola SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION AB Human disturbance can have a profound effect on the occurrence and distribution of wildlife. Such disturbance often extends into protected areas (PAs), particularly in countries that have undergone civil strife and lack the institutional capacity to effectively mitigate anthropogenic threats. We demonstrate the first application of a multi-species hierarchical occupancy model to spatially correlated detections from vehicle-based spoor transects, estimating species richness and species-specific drivers of occurrence of a large mammal community comprising five large carnivores [cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), leopard (Panthera pardus), lion (Panthera leo), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), and wild dog (Lycaon pictus)] and six large herbivores [buffalo (Syncerus caffer), eland (Taurotragus oryx), elephant (Loxodonta africana), giraffe (Giraffa giraffa), roan (Hippotragus equinus), and sable (Hippotragus niger)] in Luengue-Luiana and Mavinga National Parks, Angola. This area is the largest contiguous national park complex within a single African country and part of the largest transfrontier conservation area in the world, and is still recovering from the effects of civil war. In this post-war landscape, the most substantive drivers of community-level occupancy were anthropogenic, with occupancy associated with lower frequency of human sign, proximity to adjacent national park, and distance away from human settlement. In contrast, ecological variables (precipitation, vegetation cover, seasonal water availability) had less explanatory value. Our results highlight the deleterious effects of human incursion into PAs on the richness and distribution of large mammal species, underscoring the need for intensive mitigation of anthropogenic threats (e.g. poaching, bushmeat hunting) to maintain species of high conservation value in areas impacted by war. OI Frair, Jacqueline/0000-0002-8055-2213; Petracca, Lisanne/0000-0003-2460-1292; Cohen, Jonathan/0000-0001-7075-077X SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 DI 10.1111/acv.12555 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501769200001 ER PT J AU Morrison, BML Brosi, BJ Dirzo, R AF Morrison, Beth M. L. Brosi, Berry J. Dirzo, Rodolfo TI Agricultural intensification drives changes in hybrid network robustness by modifying network structure SO ECOLOGY LETTERS AB Within ecological communities, species engage in myriad interaction types, yet empirical examples of hybrid species interaction networks composed of multiple types of interactions are still scarce. A key knowledge gap is understanding how the structure and stability of such hybrid networks are affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Using 15,169 interaction observations, we constructed 16 hybrid herbivore-plant-pollinator networks along an agricultural intensification gradient to explore changes in network structure and robustness to local extinctions. We found that agricultural intensification led to declines in modularity but increases in nestedness and connectance. Notably, network connectance, a structural feature typically thought to increase robustness, caused declines in hybrid network robustness, but the directionality of changes in robustness along the gradient depended on the order of local species extinctions. Our results not only demonstrate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on hybrid network structure, but they also provide unexpected insights into the structure-stability relationship of hybrid networks. OI Morrison, Beth/0000-0001-8024-9794 SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 23 IS 2 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1111/ele.13440 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502122200001 PM 31814265 ER PT J AU Melville, H Gaugris, J AF Melville, Haemish Gaugris, Jerome TI The shortcomings of short-term biodiversity studies in assessing mammalian diversity, a case study in the Niari Province, Republic of Congo SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY SN 0141-6707 EI 1365-2028 DI 10.1111/aje.12712 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501767400001 ER PT J AU Wang, C Zhang, WW Zhao, CQ Shi, RS Xue, RB Li, XN AF Wang, Chao Zhang, Weiwei Zhao, Chunqiao Shi, Ruishuang Xue, Ruibin Li, Xiaona TI Revegetation by sowing reduces soil bacterial and fungal diversity SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Aim The aim of this study was to understand the effects of revegetation on the diversity of bacteria and fungi in soil by sowing a single species and exploring the underlying mechanism. Location Beijing, China. Taxon Plants and Microbes. Methods In a short-term ecological restoration experiment, one natural recovery treatment and three seed sowing treatments were chosen to assess their effects on the alteration of fungal and bacterial diversity. Plant species richness, abundance, and height were investigated. The diversity of fungi and bacteria was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technologies. Linear mixed-effects model analysis was used to examine the effects of different restoration methods on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Pearson's correlation analysis, analysis of covariance, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the relationship between biodiversity and environmental factors. Results Species richness and the Shannon-Wiener Index (H ') of plants in the sown treatments were lower than in the natural recovery treatment, especially with sowing of Medicago sativa L. Similarly, the sum of the observed species and H ' of fungi and bacteria significantly decreased in the sown treatments. Moreover, plant density, community coverage, and soil moisture increased markedly, while soil bulk density decreased in the sown treatments. Importantly, SEM showed that sown treatments reduced the diversity of plants through increasing plant density, while it decreased the diversity of fungi and bacteria through decreasing the plant diversity and increasing soil moisture. Main conclusions Our findings confirm that ecological restoration by sowing could improve soil conditions, but may be unfavorable to the amelioration of soil microbial diversity in the short-term. Restoration practitioners should consider long-term studies on the dynamics of biodiversity in the above- and belowground after revegetation by native species to achieve goals related to biodiversity conservation. OI Wang, Chao/0000-0002-8916-4735 SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1002/ece3.5906 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501136800001 PM 31988735 ER PT J AU Guo, JX Xu, BY Li, LJ He, GL Zhang, H Cheng, HZ Ba, JX Yang, XM Wei, LH Hu, R Wang, CC AF Guo, Jianxin Xu, Bingying Li, Lanjiang He, Guanglin Zhang, Han Cheng, Hui-Zhen Ba, Jinxing Yang, Xiaomin Wei, Lanhai Hu, Rong Wang, Chuan-Chao TI Paternal Y chromosomal genotyping reveals multiple large-scale admixtures in the formation of Lolo-Burmese-speaking populations in southwest China SO ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY AB Background: Bai and Yi people are two Tibeto-Burman speaking ethnic groups in Yunnan, southwest China. The genetic structure and history of these two groups are largely unknown due to a lack of available genetic data. Aim: To investigate the paternal genetic structure and population relationship of the Yi and Bai people. Subjects and methods: We collected samples from 278 Bai individuals and 283 Yi individuals from Yunnan and subsequently genotyped 43 phylogenetically relevant Y-SNPs in those samples. We estimated haplogroup frequencies and merged our data with a reference database including 46 representative worldwide populations to infer genetic relationships. Results: Y chromosomal haplogroup O-M175 is the dominant lineage in both Bai and Yi people. The Bai and Yi show a close genetic relationship with other Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations with high frequencies of haplogroup O2a2b1a1-Page23, which is also confirmed by PCA. The frequencies of the Tai-Kadai specific lineage O1a-M119, the southern China widespread lineage O1b-P31 and the eastern China enriched lineage O2a1b-002611, are also relatively high in our studied populations. Conclusions: The paternal Y chromosomal affinity of the Bai and Yi with Tibeto-Burman groups is consistent with the language classification. During the formation of the Bai and Yi populations, there were multiple large-scale admixtures, including the expansion of Neolithic farming populations from northern China, the assimilation of Tai-Kadai-speaking populations in southwest China, the demographic expansion driven by Neolithic agricultural revolution from southern China, and the admixture with populations of military immigration from northern and eastern China. SN 0301-4460 EI 1464-5033 PD NOV 17 PY 2019 VL 46 IS 7-8 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1080/03014460.2019.1698655 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501969400001 PM 31825250 ER PT J AU Yan, TM Wang, XY Li, S He, ZD Luo, J Zhang, Q Yang, DY He, Z AF Yan, Taiming Wang, Xiongyan Li, Song He, Zhide Luo, Jie Zhang, Qian Yang, Deying He, Zhi TI Genetic analysis of wild Ancherythroculter nigrocauda in tributaries and the main stream of the upper Yangtze River basin of China SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART A AB Biodiversity is threatened by several factors that are often associated with overfishing, water pollution and hydroelectric dams, among other environmental impacts. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic aspects of wild groups of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coI) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes and the d-loop region. We collected 89 representative individuals from three geographically distinct ranges of the Upper Yangtze River, including the Longxi River (LOR), Laixi River (LAR), and Hejiang range of the Yangtze River (HJ). The genetic analysis results showed that the three populations of A. nigrocauda had high levels of haplotype diversity (0.3434-0.951) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (0.00074-0.00412) based on the single gene sequences and the combination of gene sequences. Haplotype genealogy showed that only one haplotype (Hap-2) was shared by these three geographic groups, and 2-3 were shared by two groups; the other haplotypes were group-specific. The genetic distance within and between the populations was low; however, most of the molecular variance came from within the populations. Furthermore, high gene flow (>1.0) was found in HJ vs LOR and HJ vs LAR based on the d-loop region sequence and combination. These results suggested that there was a decrease in the degree of A. nigrocauda genetic diversity in the upper Yangtze River, and the genetic protection of the populations should be highlighted in the future. SN 2470-1394 EI 2470-1408 PD JAN 2 PY 2020 VL 31 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1080/24701394.2019.1698558 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501533400001 PM 31814482 ER PT J AU Jackson, JD Zefania, S Moehy, S Bamford, AJ Bruford, MW Szekely, T AF Jackson, Josephine D'Urban Zefania, Sama Moehy, Sebastien Bamford, Andrew J. Bruford, Michael W. Szekely, Tamas TI Ecology, conservation, and phylogenetic position of the Madagascar Jacana Actophilornis albinucha SO OSTRICH AB The Madagascar Jacana Actophilornis albinucha (Jacanidae) is an endemic shorebird found in the threatened wetlands of western Madagascar. This species is presumed to exhibit classical polyandry; however, few data are available to support that assumption. More generally, a lack of basic understanding of this species hinders conservation efforts. We conducted the most extensive study of the Madagascar Jacana to date, and report on its: 1) distribution, population size and density; 2) degree of sexual size dimorphism; and 3) phylogenetic position. The surveys were conducted at 54 lakes, between January and October in 2016. Madagascar Jacana were found at 22 lakes, and within these were distributed at a mean density of 3.5 +/- 0.74 [SE] individuals per hectare of surveyed habitat. We estimate the global population size to be between 975 and 2 064 individuals, and habitat destruction appears to be the main threat to the species. Females were significantly larger than males, consistent with reports for other Jacanidae species. Using a mitochondrial DNA fragment, we expanded the Jacanidae genetic phylogeny, and confirmed that Madagascar Jacana is the sister species to the African Jacana Actophilornis africanus. Further studies are urgently needed to thoroughly re-assess the threat status and population trend of the Madagascar Jacana. OI Bamford, Andrew/0000-0003-4143-8087 SN 0030-6525 EI 1727-947X DI 10.2989/00306525.2019.1662508 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501711100001 ER PT J AU Kanuch, OH Smith, TB Griner, D Allen, GEK Beecher, ME Young, E AF Kanuch, Ofa Hafoka Smith, Timothy B. Griner, Derek Allen, G. E. Kawika Beecher, Mark E. Young, Ellie TI Psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, and outcomes among Pacific Islander and Asian American Students SO COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY AB Historically psychological research has combined Asian Americans (AA) and Pacific Islanders (PI) into one ethnocultural group (AA/PI), thus obscuring important group differences. We evaluated group differences in terms of psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, reported distress levels, and psychotherapy outcomes using archival data collected at a large university counseling center. Results indicated that 443 AA clients were more likely than 415 PI clients to remain in therapy during the first eight sessions and 100 days of treatment. Although AA and PI clients reported equivalent levels of distress at intake, PI clients reported more concerns related to their family of origin - and we found some evidence of differential item functioning on the Outcome Questionnaire-45. Both groups experienced similar positive outcomes from therapy. We discourage the practice of combining AA and PI individuals and recommend that psychology research disaggregate data from distinct ethnic groups whenever feasible. SN 0951-5070 EI 1469-3674 DI 10.1080/09515070.2019.1699502 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501315300001 ER PT J AU Betts, MG Wolf, C Pfeifer, M Banks-Leite, C Arroyo-Rodriguez, V Ribeiro, DB Barlow, J Eigenbrod, F Faria, D Fletcher, RJ Hadley, AS Hawes, JE Holt, RD Klingbeil, B Kormann, U Lens, L Levi, T Medina-Rangel, GF Melles, SL Mezger, D Morante, JC Orme, CDL Peres, CA Phalan, BT Pidgeon, A Possingham, H Ripple, WJ Slade, EM Somarriba, E Tobias, JA Tylianakis, JM Urbina-Cardona, JN Valente, JJ Watling, JI Wells, K Wearn, OR Wood, E Young, R Ewers, RM AF Betts, Matthew G. Wolf, Christopher Pfeifer, Marion Banks-Leite, Cristina Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini Barlow, Jos Eigenbrod, Felix Faria, Deborah Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Hadley, Adam S. Hawes, Joseph E. Holt, Robert D. Klingbeil, Brian Kormann, Urs Lens, Luc Levi, Taal Medina-Rangel, Guido F. Melles, Stephanie L. Mezger, Dirk Morante-Filho, Jose Carlos Orme, C. David L. Peres, Carlos A. Phalan, Benjamin T. Pidgeon, Anna Possingham, Hugh Ripple, William J. Slade, Eleanor M. Somarriba, Eduardo Tobias, Joseph A. Tylianakis, Jason M. Nicolas Urbina-Cardona, J. Valente, Jonathon J. Watling, James I. Wells, Konstans Wearn, Oliver R. Wood, Eric Young, Richard Ewers, Robert M. TI Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals SO SCIENCE AB Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide, but the effects of fragmentation (the spatial arrangement of remaining habitat) are debated. We tested the hypothesis that forest fragmentation sensitivity-affected by avoidance of habitat edges-should be driven by historical exposure to, and therefore species' evolutionary responses to disturbance. Using a database containing 73 datasets collected worldwide (encompassing 4489 animal species), we found that the proportion of fragmentation-sensitive species was nearly three times as high in regions with low rates of historical disturbance compared with regions with high rates of disturbance (i.e., fires, glaciation, hurricanes, and deforestation). These disturbances coincide with a latitudinal gradient in which sensitivity increases sixfold at low versus high latitudes. We conclude that conservation efforts to limit edges created by fragmentation will be most important in the world's tropical forests. RI Filho, Jose Carlos Morante/K-8214-2015; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/B-5447-2008; Banks-Leite, Cristina/D-3075-2011; Slade, Eleanor/O-3874-2014; Wells, Konstans/A-7232-2010; faria, deborah/F-2879-2010 OI Filho, Jose Carlos Morante/0000-0002-1625-9872; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas/0000-0002-4174-8467; Banks-Leite, Cristina/0000-0002-0091-2857; Slade, Eleanor/0000-0002-6108-1196; Wells, Konstans/0000-0003-0377-2463; faria, deborah/0000-0002-0375-2887; Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor/0000-0002-0858-0324; Pfeifer, Marion/0000-0002-6775-3141; Hawes, Joseph/0000-0003-0053-2018 SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 366 IS 6470 BP 1236 EP + DI 10.1126/science.aax9387 UT WOS:000502662500055 PM 31806811 ER PT J AU Chester, C Agosti, D Sautter, G Catapano, T Martens, K Gerard, I Benichou, L AF Chester, Chloe Agosti, Donat Sautter, Guido Catapano, Terry Martens, Koen Gerard, Isabelle Benichou, Laurence TI EJT editorial standard for the semantic enhancement of specimen data in taxonomy literature SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TAXONOMY AB This paper describes a set of guidelines for the citation of zoological and botanical specimens in the European Journal of Taxonomy. The guidelines stipulate controlled vocabularies and precise formats for presenting the specimens examined within a taxonomic publication, which allow for the rich data associated with the primary research material to be harvested, distributed and interlinked online via international biodiversity data aggregators. Herein we explain how the EJT editorial standard was defined and how this initiative fits into the journal's project to semantically enhance its publications using the Plazi TaxPub DTD extension. By establishing a standardised format for the citation of taxonomic specimens, the journal intends to widen the distribution of and improve accessibility to the data it publishes. Authors who conform to these guidelines will benefit from higher visibility and new ways of visualising their work. In a wider context, we hope that other taxonomy journals will adopt this approach to their publications, adapting their working methods to enable domain-specific text mining to take place. If specimen data can be efficiently cited, harvested and linked to wider resources, we propose that there is also the potential to develop alternative metrics for assessing impact and productivity within the natural sciences. RI Agosti, Donat/M-3468-2018 OI Agosti, Donat/0000-0001-9286-1200 SN 2118-9773 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 586 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.5852/ejt.2019.586 UT WOS:000503260800001 ER PT J AU Wang, XX Liu, XS Xu, JS AF Wang, Xiaoxiao Liu, Xiaoshou Xu, Jishang TI Distribution Patterns of Meiofauna Assemblages and Their Relationship With Environmental Factors of Deep Sea Adjacent to the Yap Trench, Western Pacific Ocean SO FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE AB Sediment samples were collected from 23 sites near the Yap Trench in the Western Pacific Ocean with a depth range of 2896-7837 m. The assemblage composition, spatial distribution, and relationship with environmental variables of meiofauna were studied. A total of 17 meiofaunal taxa were identified, including free-living marine nematodes, benthic copepods, nauplii, ostracods, halacarids, kinorhynchs, cumaceans, turbellarians, cladocerans, polychaetes, oligochaetes, isopods, tanaidaceans, amphipods, tardigrades, gastrotrichs, and pycnogonids. The average abundance of meiofauna was (172.88 +/- 149.02) ind.10 cm(-2). Marine nematodes were the most abundant group, with an average abundance of (120.26 +/- 102.85) ind.10 cm(-2), accounting for 69.97% of the total meiofauna, followed by benthic copepods (36.13 +/- 48.72) ind.10 cm(-2), accounting for 21.04%. The horizontal distribution of meiofauna showed that the high values of meiofaunal abundance were mainly distributed in the northwestern part of the study area and correlated with high sediment organic matter content, which possibly was related to the localized topography, food sources, and hydrodynamics within this area. Vertical distribution showed that meiofauna were mainly distributed in the upper and middle sediment layer (0-6 cm). Results of BIOENV showed that sediment median diameter and pheophorbide content were the most important factors affecting meiofauna community structure. This study provides an insight into relationships of deep-sea meiofauna assemblages with environmental factors in the Western Pacific Ocean. EI 2296-7745 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 6 AR 735 DI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00735 UT WOS:000502965600001 ER PT J AU Jelbert, K Buss, D McDonald, J Townley, S Franco, M Stott, I Jones, O Salguero-Gomez, R Buckley, Y Knight, T Silk, M Sargent, F Rolph, S Wilson, P Hodgson, D AF Jelbert, Kim Buss, Danielle McDonald, Jenni Townley, Stuart Franco, Miguel Stott, Iain Jones, Owen Salguero-Gomez, Roberto Buckley, Yvonne Knight, Tiffany Silk, Matthew Sargent, Francesca Rolph, Simon Wilson, Phil Hodgson, Dave TI Demographic amplification is a predictor of invasiveness among plants SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS AB Invasive plant species threaten native biodiversity, ecosystems, agriculture, industry and human health worldwide, lending urgency to the search for predictors of plant invasiveness outside native ranges. There is much conflicting evidence about which plant characteristics best predict invasiveness. Here we use a global demographic survey for over 500 plant species to show that populations of invasive plants have better potential to recover from disturbance than non-invasives, even when measured in the native range. Invasives have high stable population growth rates in their invaded ranges, but this metric cannot be predicted based on measurements in the native ranges. Recovery from demographic disturbance is a measure of transient population amplification, linked to high levels of reproduction, and shows phylogenetic signal. Our results demonstrate that transient population dynamics and reproductive capacity can help to predict invasiveness across the plant kingdom, and should guide international policy on trade and movement of plants. RI Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Jones, Owen/B-8439-2008 OI Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Jones, Owen/0000-0001-5720-4686; Knight, Tiffany/0000-0003-0318-1567 SN 2041-1723 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 5602 DI 10.1038/s41467-019-13556-w UT WOS:000502079300001 PM 31811170 ER PT J AU deWaard, JR Ratnasingham, S Zakharov, EV Borisenko, AV Steinke, D Telfer, AC Perez, KHJ Sones, JE Young, MR Levesque-Beaudin, V Sobel, CN Abrahamyan, A Bessonov, K Blagoev, G deWaard, SL Ho, C Ivanova, NV Layton, KKS Lu, LQ Manjunath, R McKeown, JTA Milton, MA Miskie, R Monkhouse, N Naik, S Nikolova, N Pentinsaari, M Prosser, SWJ Radulovici, AE Steinke, C Warne, CP Hebert, PDN AF deWaard, Jeremy R. Ratnasingham, Sujeevan Zakharov, Evgeny V. Borisenko, Alex V. Steinke, Dirk Telfer, Angela C. Perez, Kate H. J. Sones, Jayme E. Young, Monica R. Levesque-Beaudin, Valerie Sobel, Crystal N. Abrahamyan, Arusyak Bessonov, Kyrylo Blagoev, Gergin deWaard, Stephanie L. Ho, Chris Ivanova, Natalia V. Layton, Kara K. S. Lu, Liuqiong Manjunath, Ramya McKeown, Jaclyn T. A. Milton, Megan A. Miskie, Renee Monkhouse, Norm Naik, Suresh Nikolova, Nadya Pentinsaari, Mikko Prosser, Sean W. J. Radulovici, Adriana E. Steinke, Claudia Warne, Connor P. Hebert, Paul D. N. TI A reference library for Canadian invertebrates with 1.5 million barcodes, voucher specimens, and DNA samples SO SCIENTIFIC DATA AB The reliable taxonomic identification of organisms through DNA sequence data requires a well parameterized library of curated reference sequences. However, it is estimated that just 15% of described animal species are represented in public sequence repositories. To begin to address this deficiency, we provide DNA barcodes for 1,500,003 animal specimens collected from 23 terrestrial and aquatic ecozones at sites across Canada, a nation that comprises 7% of the planet's land surface. In total, 14 phyla, 43 classes, 163 orders, 1123 families, 6186 genera, and 64,264 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs; a proxy for species) are represented. Species-level taxonomy was available for 38% of the specimens, but higher proportions were assigned to a genus (69.5%) and a family (99.9%). Voucher specimens and DNA extracts are archived at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics where they are available for further research. The corresponding sequence and taxonomic data can be accessed through the Barcode of Life Data System, GenBank, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and the Global Genome Biodiversity Network Data Portal. OI Young, Monica R/0000-0002-7388-8202; Levesque-Beaudin, Valerie/0000-0002-6053-0949; Layton, Kara/0000-0002-4302-3048 EI 2052-4463 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 6 AR 308 DI 10.1038/s41597-019-0320-2 UT WOS:000501896700001 PM 31811161 ER PT J AU Zarfl, C Berlekamp, J He, FZ Jaehnig, SC Darwall, W Tockner, K AF Zarfl, Christiane Berlekamp, Juergen He, Fengzhi Jaehnig, Sonja C. Darwall, William Tockner, Klement TI Future large hydropower dams impact global freshwater megafauna SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Dam construction comes with severe social, economic and ecological impacts. From an ecological point of view, habitat types are altered and biodiversity is lost. Thus, to identify areas that deserve major attention for conservation, existing and planned locations for (hydropower) dams were overlapped, at global extent, with the contemporary distribution of freshwater megafauna species with consideration of their respective threat status. Hydropower development will disproportionately impact areas of high freshwater megafauna richness in South America, South and East Asia, and the Balkan region. Sub-catchments with a high share of threatened species are considered to be most vulnerable; these are located in Central America, Southeast Asia and in the regions of the Black and Caspian Sea. Based on this approach, planned dam locations are classified according to their potential impact on freshwater megafauna species at different spatial scales, attention to potential conflicts between climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation are highlighted, and priorities for freshwater management are recommended. OI Zarfl, Christiane/0000-0002-2044-1335 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18531 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54980-8 UT WOS:000501736900001 PM 31811208 ER PT J AU Kiffner, C Thomas, S Speaker, T O'Connor, V Schwarz, P Kioko, J Kissui, B AF Kiffner, Christian Thomas, Seth Speaker, Talia O'Connor, Victoria Schwarz, Paige Kioko, John Kissui, Bernard TI Community-based wildlife management area supports similar mammal species richness and densities compared to a national park SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Community-based conservation models have been widely implemented across Africa to improve wildlife conservation and livelihoods of rural communities. In Tanzania, communities can set aside land and formally register it as Wildlife Management Area (WMA), which allows them to generate revenue via consumptive or nonconsumptive utilization of wildlife. The key, yet often untested, assumption of this model is that economic benefits accrued from wildlife motivate sustainable management of wildlife. To test the ecological effectiveness (here defined as persistence of wildlife populations) of Burunge Wildlife Management Area (BWMA), we employed a participatory monitoring approach involving WMA personnel. At intermittent intervals between 2011 and 2018, we estimated mammal species richness and population densities of ten mammal species (African elephant, giraffe, buffalo, zebra, wildebeest, waterbuck, warthog, impala, Kirk's dik-dik, and vervet monkey) along line transects. We compared mammal species accumulation curves and density estimates with those of time-matched road transect surveys conducted in adjacent Tarangire National Park (TNP). Mammal species richness estimates were similar in both areas, yet observed species richness per transect was greater in TNP compared to BWMA. Species-specific density estimates of time-matched surveys were mostly not significantly different between BWMA and TNP, but elephants occasionally reached greater densities in TNP compared to BWMA. In BWMA, elephant, wildebeest, and impala populations showed significant increases from 2011 to 2018. These results suggest that community-based conservation models can support mammal communities and densities that are similar to national park baselines. In light of the ecological success of this case study, we emphasize the need for continued efforts to ensure that the BWMA is effective. This will require adaptive management to counteract potential negative repercussions of wildlife populations on peoples' livelihoods. This study can be used as a model to evaluate the effectiveness of wildlife management areas across Tanzania. SN 2045-7758 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 10 IS 1 BP 480 EP 492 DI 10.1002/ece3.5916 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500943900001 PM 31993122 ER PT J AU Amaral, AP Mariano, R Pinho, LC AF Amaral, Andre P. Mariano, Rodolfo Pinho, Luiz Carlos TI Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) SO ZOOTAXA AB Four new species of Corethrella are described from Brazil. Corethrella xokleng sp. n. and C. cambirela sp. it are described from males and females, and Corethrella yanomami sp. n. and C. munteantaroku sp. n. are described from a female and male, respectively. Fourteen Corethrella species have new distributional records, with five of these being first records for Brazil. The number of valid species of Corethrellidae known from Brazil is increased from 37 to 46. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 4706 IS 1 BP 103 EP 120 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.1.4 UT WOS:000500723300004 ER PT J AU Schuts, EC van Dulm, E Boyd, A Snijder, MB Geerlings, SE Prins, M Prins, JM AF Schuts, Emelie C. van Dulm, Eline Boyd, Anders Snijder, Marieke B. Geerlings, Suzanne E. Prins, Maria Prins, Jan M. TI Knowledge and use of antibiotics in six ethnic groups: the HELIUS study SO ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL AB Background The increase of antimicrobial resistance, mainly due to increased antibiotic use, is worrying. Preliminary evidence suggests that antibiotic use differs across ethnic groups in the Netherlands, with higher use in people of non-Dutch origin. We aimed to determine whether appropriate knowledge and use of antibiotics differ by ethnicity and whether knowledge on antibiotics is associated with antibiotic use. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing baseline data (2011-2015) from a population-based cohort (HELIUS study), which were linked to data from a health insurance register. We included 21,617 HELIUS participants of South-Asian Surinamese, African-Surinamese, Turkish, Moroccan, Ghanaian, and Dutch origin. Fifteen thousand seven participants had available prescription data from the Achmea Health Data-base (AHD) in the year prior to their HELIUS study visit. Participants were asked five questions on antibiotic treatment during influenza-like illness, pneumonia, fever, sore throat and bronchitis, from which higher versus lower antibiotic knowledge level was determined. Number of antibiotic prescriptions in the year prior to the HELIUS study visit was used to determine antibiotic use. Results The percentage of individuals with a higher level of antibiotic knowledge was lower among all ethnic minority groups (range 57 to 70%) compared to Dutch (80%). After correcting for baseline characteristics, including medical conditions, first-generation African Surinamese and Turkish migrants received a significantly lower number of antibiotic prescriptions compared to individuals of Dutch origin. Only second-generation Ghanaian participants received more prescriptions compared to Dutch participants (aIRR 2.09, 95%CI 1.06 to 4.12). Higher level of antibiotic knowledge was not significantly associated with the number of prescriptions (IRR 0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 1.00). Conclusions Levels of antibiotic knowledge varied between ethnic groups, but a lower level of antibiotic knowledge did not correspond with a higher number of antibiotic prescriptions. OI van Dulm, Eline/0000-0002-9186-4474 SN 2047-2994 PD DEC 6 PY 2019 VL 8 IS 1 AR 200 DI 10.1186/s13756-019-0636-x UT WOS:000501171600001 PM 31827781 ER PT J AU Garrouj, M Alard, D Corcket, E Marchand, L Benot, ML AF Garrouj, Myriam Alard, Didier Corcket, Emmanuel Marchand, Lilian Benot, Marie-Lise TI The effects of management on vegetation trajectories during the early-stage restoration of previously arable land after hay transfer SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB The restoration of floodplain grasslands has benefited from many studies of the underlying mechanisms. Among the operational tools that resulted, hay transfer is now used increasingly to alleviate the effects of limited seed dispersal and recruitment. To improve this method, we still need to understand how it can affect restoration trajectories, and particularly their direction and magnitude during the early stages of restoration. Based on concepts from the field of community ecology theory, we investigated the effects of early-stage management through grazing or mowing on restoration trajectories after soil harrowing and hay transfer. We established a randomized block design experiment and quantified several community-related metrics to formalize restoration trajectories for 3 years after hay transfer on a previously arable alluvial island in southwestern France. Whatever the management treatment, the species richness and evenness were significantly higher in hay-inoculated than in control plots. This effect was linked to the recruitment of species originating not only from the reference grassland through hay transfer, but also from the seed bank, a well-known effect of soil harrowing. Although generally oriented toward the reference grassland, the origin, direction, and magnitude of the trajectory of hay-inoculated plots all depended on the management applied. Sheep grazing applied at the same time as hay transfer enhanced the recruitment of reference species as from the first experimental year, because it controlled aboveground competition and maintained the window of opportunity open for a sufficiently longer period of time. Our findings show that the type of management applied simultaneously to hay transfer influences the origin of a grassland trajectory, while its direction and magnitude are dependent on the management applied in subsequent years. Grazing immediately after hay transfer may be appropriate to accelerate the recruitment of species from the reference grassland. OI Alard, Didier/0000-0003-2703-908X SN 2045-7758 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 24 BP 13776 EP 13786 DI 10.1002/ece3.5798 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500861400001 PM 31938481 ER PT J AU Eckstrand, N AF Eckstrand, Nathan TI Complexity, diversity and the role of the public sphere on the Internet SO PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL CRITICISM AB This article explores the relationship between deliberative democracy, the Internet, and systems theory's thoughts on diversity. After introducing Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy and how diversity fits into it, the article discusses various ideas about whether and how it could work on the Internet. Next, the article looks at research into diversity done in the field of complex adaptive systems, showing that diversity has both good and bad effects, but is clearly preferred for the purpose of survival. The article concludes with an analysis of how the results of systems theory's study of diversity can assist society in bringing democracy to the Web. SN 0191-4537 EI 1461-734X AR UNSP 0191453719890001 DI 10.1177/0191453719890001 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501048300001 ER PT J AU Basile, KC Smith, SG Liu, Y Miller, E Kresnow, MJ AF Basile, Kathleen C. Smith, Sharon G. Liu, Yang Miller, Elizabeth Kresnow, Marcie-Jo TI Prevalence of Intimate Partner Reproductive Coercion in the United States: Racial and Ethnic Differences SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE AB Reproductive coercion (RC) is a specific type of intimate partner violence (IPV). Although clinical studies have highlighted women's experiences of RC, we know little about its national prevalence and differences in prevalence by sex category and race/ethnicity. Data are from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), years 2010 to 2012. NISVS is an ongoing, nationally representative random-digit-dial telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized English- or Spanish-speaking U.S. adult population. This article reports the national lifetime and 12-month prevalence of two RC victimization measures, and proportions among IPV victims. T tests were used to examine differences in estimates across racial/ethnic groups. In the United States, 9.7% of men and 8.4% of women experienced any RC by an intimate partner during their lifetime. Men reported more commonly than women that a partner tried to get pregnant when the man did not want her to; women reported higher prevalence of partner condom refusal. Examination by race/ethnicity revealed that non-Hispanic (NH) Black women and men had significantly higher lifetime prevalence of both RC types than all other groups; in the last 12 months, NH Blacks had significantly higher prevalence across the board than NH Whites. Hispanics had significantly higher lifetime and 12-month prevalence of any RC and partner condom refusal than NH Whites. RC is at the intersection of two public health concerns-IPV and reproductive health. Documenting its prevalence and differences by sex and race/ethnicity may inform prevention efforts to reduce occurrence and negative health outcomes among specific populations. SN 0886-2605 EI 1552-6518 AR UNSP 0886260519888205 DI 10.1177/0886260519888205 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501052800001 PM 31808711 ER PT J AU Ma, CQ Shen, Y Bearup, D Fagan, WF Liao, JB AF Ma, Chaoqun Shen, Yang Bearup, Daniel Fagan, William F. Liao, Jinbao TI Spatial variation in branch size promotes metapopulation persistence in dendritic river networks SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB Despite years of attention, the dynamics of species constrained to disperse within riverine networks are not well captured by existing metapopulation models, which often ignore local dynamics within branches. We develop a modelling framework, based on traditional metapopulation theory, for patch occupancy dynamics subject to local colonisation-extinction dynamics within branches and regional dispersal between branches in size-structured, bifurcating riverine networks. Using this framework, we investigate whether and how spatial variation in branch size affects species persistence for dendritic systems with directional dispersal, including one-way (up- or downstream only) and two-way (both up- and downstream) dispersal. Variation in branch size generally promotes species persistence more obviously at higher relative extinction rate, suggesting that previous studies ignoring differences in branch size in real riverine systems might overestimate species extinction risk. Two-way dispersal is not always superior to one-way dispersal as a strategy for metapopulation persistence especially at high relative extinction rate. The type of dispersal that maximises species persistence is determined by the hierarchical level of the largest, and hence most influential, branch within the network. When considering the interactive effects of up- and downstream dispersal, we find that moderate upstream-biased dispersal maximises metapopulation viability, mediated by spatial branch arrangement. Overall, these results suggest that both branch-size variation and species traits interact to determine species persistence, theoretically demonstrating the ecological significance of their interplay. OI Liao, Jinbao/0000-0002-9520-3235 SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 65 IS 3 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1111/fwb.13435 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500834500001 ER PT J AU Messiha, NAS Elhalag, KMA Balabel, NM Farag, SMA Matar, HA Hagag, MH Khairy, AM Abd El-Aliem, MM Eleiwa, E Saleh, OME Farag, NS AF Messiha, N. A. S. Elhalag, K. M. A. Balabel, N. M. Farag, S. M. A. Matar, H. A. Hagag, M. H. Khairy, A. M. Abd El-Aliem, M. M. Eleiwa, E. Saleh, O. M. E. Farag, N. S. TI Microbial biodiversity as related to crop succession and potato intercropping for management of brown rot disease SO EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL AB Potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, ranked globally as the second most important bacterial plant pathogen. In the present study, the influence of different cropping programs in potato brown rot management was investigated in four infected fields in Egypt. Two districts were selected as sandy soils in Giza (Wardan) and Behera (Ganuob El-Tahrir) governorates. The other two were selected as silty clay in Minufyia (Talia) and Beni-Suef (Sids) governorates. The followed crop succession included corn, potato intercropped with cabbage, onion, cowpea, wheat, corn again, and ended by potato. The pathogen was undetectable after corn, onion, and wheat. It decreased in cowpea and cabbage rhizospheres in the clay soils. The pathogen was undetectable at all districts, except at Sids, where the pathogen was significantly decreased but was not eradicated. This was possibly attributed to the high ratio of NO3- and Na+ at this district. Decreased R. solanacearum density after corn coincided with the high ratio of fluorescent pseudomonads, endospores, and actinomycetes, being most clear in the poor soils (Wardan) and less clear under iron excess at Ganoub El-Tahrir as well as the clay soils. Corn rhizosphere supported an array of antagonistic actinomycetes such as strains similar to Streptomyces intermedius, Streptomyces albidoflavus group, Streptomyces argenteolus group, and Streptomyces erythrogriseus. Intercropping potato with cabbage decreased the density of the pathogen in rhizosphere, which is associated with greater antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads, Bacillus spp. and Serratia spp. Onion soil and rhizosphere associated with abundance of antagonists and fluorescent pseudomonads, followed by S. maltophilia and Bacillus spp. Wheat soil and rhizosphere supported fluorescent pseudomonads and antagonistic Streptomyces spp., especially in sandy soils. The pathogen was undetectable after planting the ending potato in the three districts, Wardan, Ganoub El-Tahrir, and Talia. This was accompanied by a general oligotrophism and increased ratio of fluorescent pseudomonads, endospores bacteria, and actinomycetes along with a diversity of R. solanacearum antagonists such as S. maltophilia, Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter sp., Delftia sp., and Serratia marcescens. SN 1110-1768 EI 2536-9342 PD DEC 5 PY 2019 VL 29 IS 1 AR 84 DI 10.1186/s41938-019-0185-x UT WOS:000511117800001 ER PT J AU Ben Osman, I Hugonnot, V Muller, SD Daoud-Bouattour, A AF Ben Osman, Imen Hugonnot, Vincent Muller, Serge D. Daoud-Bouattour, Amina TI A contribution to the study of hornworts and liverworts in Tunisia: a checklist and ecology of Kroumirian species SO CRYPTOGAMIE BRYOLOGIE AB Studies of the Tunisian bryoflora are disparate and mostly quite outdated. In order to enhance and update our knowledge, a survey of Anthocerotophyta and Marchantiophyta of Kroumiria was carried out in May 1-5, 2017, recording two hornworts and 30 liverworts including Riccia gougetiana Durieu & Mont. var. arrnatissima Levier ex Miill.Frib., new to the area. The liverwort and hornwort Bora of Kroumiria now stands at 80 reliably recorded taxa, of which 22 species may be threatened. Numerical analyses were used to specify the requirements of the 32 listed taxa for substrate, light, temperature and humidity and to distinguish seven different ecological groups ranging from the hydro-thermo-photophile to the mesohygro-sciaphile. SN 1290-0796 EI 1776-0992 PD DEC 5 PY 2019 VL 40 IS 21 BP 271 EP 287 DI 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2019v40a21 UT WOS:000503447600001 ER PT J AU Basso, M Vieira, DCS Ramos, TB Mateus, M AF Basso, Marta Vieira, Diana C. S. Ramos, Tiago B. Mateus, Marcos TI Assessing the adequacy of SWAT model to simulate postfire effects on the watershed hydrological regime and water quality SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB Forest fires have intensified in the Mediterranean area over the last decades, becoming increasingly destructive. Catastrophic wildfires, such as the ones that occurred on the Portuguese territory during 2017, have emphasized the need for developing management tools capable of rapidly assessing their impact on downstream water bodies. This study focuses on the effects of the 2017 forest fires on the water quality of the Zezere River (Portugal), one of the major sources of freshwater to Lisbon and the surrounding areas. During 2017, more than 100,000 ha (30% of the Zezere watershed) were affected by wildfires, making it one of the largest burned areas in Portugal. Using the soil water assessment tool, the land use (curve number, crop vegetation management factor) and soil (soil erodibility factor) parameters were modified considering different magnitudes of the fire event (low, medium, and high severity). The impact of the different wildfires was then assessed at the subbasin level and at the entrance of Castelo de Bode reservoir. Simulations showed a significant increase in runoff and sediment concentration at the subbasin level in the years following the fire events, with high concentrations of nutrients occurring at the reservoir inlet. Nitrate concentration slightly overcame the threshold limits foreseen in legislation for drinking water, meaning that fires could have additional impact on human health. Phosphate concentration recurrently exceeded the legislation threshold, representing a severe risk to the ecosystem by potentially promoting the eutrophication of downstream water bodies, oxygen deficiency in the bottom substrate, and reduced biodiversity. RI Vieira, Diana/A-5285-2011 OI Vieira, Diana/0000-0003-2213-3798 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3476 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000502137400001 ER PT J AU Steel, ZL Campos, B Frick, WF Burnett, R Safford, HD AF Steel, Z. L. Campos, B. Frick, W. F. Burnett, R. Safford, H. D. TI The effects of wildfire severity and pyrodiversity on bat occupancy and diversity in fire-suppressed forests SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Wildfire is an important ecological process that influences species' occurrence and biodiversity generally. Its effect on bats is understudied, creating challenges for habitat management and species conservation as threats to the taxa worsen globally and within fire-prone ecosystems. We conducted acoustic surveys of wildfire areas during 2014-2017 in conifer forests of California's Sierra Nevada Mountains. We tested effects of burn severity and its variation, or pyrodiversity, on occupancy and diversity for the 17-species bat community while accounting for imperfect detection. Occupancy rates increased with severity for at least 6 species and with pyrodiversity for at least 3. Two other species responded negatively to pyrodiversity. Individual species models predicted maximum occupancy rates across burn severity levels but only one species occurred most often in undisturbed areas. Species richness increased from approximately 8 species in unburned forests to 11 in pyrodiverse areas with moderate- to high-severity. Greater accessibility of foraging habitats, as well as increased habitat heterogeneity may explain positive responses to wildfire. Many bat species appear well adapted to wildfire, while a century of fire suppression and forest densification likely reduced habitat quality for the community generally. Relative to other taxa, bats may be somewhat resilient to increases in fire severity and size; trends which are expected to continue with accelerating climate change. OI Steel, Zachary/0000-0002-1659-3141 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 5 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 16300 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-52875-2 UT WOS:000501550500001 PM 31806868 ER PT J AU Le Breton, TD Natale, S French, K Gooden, B Ooi, MKJ AF Le Breton, Tom D. Natale, Sophie French, Kris Gooden, Ben Ooi, Mark K. J. TI Fire-adapted traits of threatened shrub species in riparian refugia: implications for fire regime management SO PLANT ECOLOGY AB Fire management at the landscape scale may be detrimental to threatened species restricted to fire refugia, such as riparian zones, if their fire response is assumed based on the broader vegetation community type. Conserving threatened plant species in fire-prone habitats requires understanding how life-history traits allow persistence under prevailing fire regimes. Using three threatened Pomaderris species associated with riparian zones in south-east Australia, we tested for evidence of fire-adapted traits to identify if key life-history traits are coupled to specific fire cues and determine how their current distribution relates to prevailing fire regimes. We did this by (i) exposing seeds to heat-shock treatments with fire-related temperatures (60-100 degrees C) in germination trials; (ii) testing for the presence of a soil-stored seed bank and its response to fire by using ex-situ experimental burns on soil samples and (iii) conducting field surveys of post-fire demographic responses for P. adnata. All species showed maximum germination following heat-shock treatment at 100 degrees C, strongly suggesting adaptation to high severity fire. Seedling emergence from soil samples was positively affected by fire for P. bodalla and P. walshii, while there was an in situ post-fire germination pulse in P. adnata seedling recruitment and moderate increases in resprouting and survivorship of mature plants. The study demonstrates that these riparian-occurring species have life-history traits that may enable persistence under high severity fire and highlights how the possession of bet-hedging strategies may allow species to use riparian zones as fire refugia in a landscape dominated by an anthropogenically altered fire regime. RI Ooi, Mark/A-4779-2012 OI Ooi, Mark/0000-0002-3046-0417; Le Breton, Tom/0000-0001-9353-0067 SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 DI 10.1007/s11258-019-00993-2 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501125400001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Redin, J Polhill, JG Dawson, TP Hill, R Gordon, IJ AF Gonzalez-Redin, Julen Polhill, J. Gareth Dawson, Terence P. Hill, Rosemary Gordon, Iain J. TI Exploring sustainable scenarios in debt-based social-ecological systems: The case for palm oil production in Indonesia SO AMBIO AB A debt-based economy requires the accumulation of more and more debt to finance economic growth, while future economic growth is needed to repay the debt, and so the cycle continues. Despite global debt reaching unprecedented levels, little research has been done to understand the impacts of debt dynamics on environmental sustainability. Here, we explore the environmental impacts of the debt-growth cycle in Indonesia, the world's largest debt-based producer of palm oil. Our empirical Agent-Based Model analyses the future effects (2018-2050) of power (im)balance scenarios between debt-driven economic forces (i.e. banks, firms), and conservation forces, on two ecosystem services (food production, climate regulation) and biodiversity. The model shows the trade-offs and synergies among these indicators for Business As Usual as compared to alternative scenarios. Results show that debt-driven economic forces can partially support environmental conservation, provided the state's role in protecting the environment is reinforced. Our analysis provides a lesson for developing countries that are highly dependent on debt-based production systems: sustainable development pathways can be achievable in the short and medium terms; however, reaching long-term sustainability requires reduced dependency on external financial powers, as well as further government intervention to protect the environment from the rough edges of the market economy. RI Gordon, Iain/S-8076-2019; Dawson, Terence/E-4724-2011 OI Gordon, Iain/0000-0001-9704-0946; Dawson, Terence/0000-0002-4314-1378; Gonzalez-Redin, Julen/0000-0002-5542-0323 SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 DI 10.1007/s13280-019-01286-8 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500889000002 PM 31808107 ER PT J AU Netshakhuma, NS AF Netshakhuma, Nkholedzeni Sidney TI Assessment appraisal, disposal and transfer of neglected rangers' diaries created from 1926 to 1930: case of the Kruger National Parks of South Africa SO COLLECTION AND CURATION AB Purpose This paper aims to assess the appraisal, disposal and transfer of records of the Kruger National Park (KNP) rangers' diaries processes from 1926 to 1930 with a view to recommend best practices. Design/methodology/approach The paper applied a qualitative methodology through document analysis, interviews and observations as data collection instruments to analyse contents of rangers' diaries. The population of the study comprised rangers, a records manager and a representative from the National Archives of South Africa (NARSSA), a member of South Africa National Parks' management and a scientist from South African National Biodiversity Institute. Findings The key findings revealed that rangers' diaries contain historical, scientific and cultural information. However, such information is not disseminated to society. Lack of systematic appraisal, arrangement of records led to a loss of institutional memories. The role of National Archives and Records Service of South Africa is not visible to provide guidelines on the preservation of rangers' records. Social implications Preservation of ranger diaries may lead to documentation of records with historical, scientific and social value. Rangers' diaries also form part of the national archival heritage of South Africa, as they bridge the gap of undocumented history of the rangers and national parks in South Africa. Originality/value This paper appears to be the first to research the assessment of the appraisal, disposal and transfer of rangers' diaries created from 1926 to 1930. SN 2514-9326 DI 10.1108/CC-09-2019-0029 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501627500001 ER PT J AU Mereta, ST Ambelu, A Ermias, A Abdie, Y Moges, M Haddis, A Hailu, D Beyene, H Kebede, B Mulat, WL AF Mereta, S. T. Ambelu, A. Ermias, A. Abdie, Y. Moges, M. Haddis, A. Hailu, D. Beyene, H. Kebede, B. Mulat, W. L. TI Effects of untreated industrial effluents on water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of Lake Hawassa and its tributaries, Southern Ethiopia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AB The present study investigates the impacts of industrial effluents on the macroinvertebrate assemblages and water quality of the Lake Hawassa watershed. The water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblages were assessed at 40 sampling sites. The chemical and ecological water quality was evaluated using the Basic Prati index and the Ethiopian Biological Score Index (ETHbios), respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the relationship between abiotic factors and macroinvertebrate metrics. A total of 5 876 invertebrates belonging to twentyfive families were recorded. The Coleoptera was the most dominant order represented by four families with a relative abundance of 68%. According to the ETHbios scoring system the sites receiving industrial effluent had very poor water quality (ETHbios score <12), whereas the upstream sites had moderate to good water quality (ETHbios 53 to 76). Likewise, the Basic Prati Index of the sites receiving industrial effluent was considered as very heavily polluted (Index score >8). Overall, the industrial effluents had a significant negative impact on water quality and macroinvertebrate diversity. Therefore, proper management of industrial effluent is urgently needed to prevent further deterioration of water quality and loss of biodiversity in the Lake Hawassa and Shallo Wetland ecosystems. RI Ambelu, Argaw/V-8317-2018 OI Ambelu, Argaw/0000-0003-1898-4100 SN 1608-5914 EI 1727-9364 DI 10.2989/16085914.2019.1671166 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501034900001 ER PT J AU Hofmann, S Baniya, CB Litvinchuk, SN Miehe, G Li, JT Schmidt, J AF Hofmann, Sylvia Baniya, Chitra B. Litvinchuk, Spartak N. Miehe, Georg Li, Jia-Tang Schmidt, Joachim TI Phylogeny of spiny frogs Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) supports a Tibetan origin of a Himalayan species group SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Recent advances in the understanding of the evolution of the Asian continent challenge the long-held belief of a faunal immigration into the Himalaya. Spiny frogs of the genus Nanorana are a characteristic faunal group of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen (HTO). We examine the phylogeny of these frogs to explore alternative biogeographic scenarios for their origin in the Greater Himalaya, namely, immigration, South Tibetan origin, strict vicariance. We sequenced 150 Nanorana samples from 62 localities for three mitochondrial (1,524 bp) and three nuclear markers (2,043 bp) and complemented the data with sequence data available from GenBank. We reconstructed a gene tree, phylogenetic networks, and ancestral areas. Based on the nuDNA, we also generated a time-calibrated species tree. The results revealed two major clades (Nanorana and Quasipaa), which originated in the Lower Miocene from eastern China and subsequently spread into the HTO (Nanorana). Five well-supported subclades are found within Nanorana: from the East, Central, and Northwest Himalaya, the Tibetan Plateau, and the southeastern Plateau margin. The latter subclade represents the most basal group (subgenus Chaparana), the Plateau group (Nanorana) represents the sister clade to all species of the Greater Himalaya (Paa). We found no evidence for an east-west range expansion of Paa along the Himalaya, nor clear support for a strict vicariance model. Diversification in each of the three Himalayan subclades has probably occurred in distinct areas. Specimens from the NW Himalaya are placed basally relative to the highly diverse Central Himalayan group, while the lineage from the Tibetan Plateau is placed within a more terminal clade. Our data indicate a Tibetan origin of Himalayan Nanorana and support a previous hypothesis, which implies that a significant part of the Himalayan biodiversity results from primary diversification of the species groups in South Tibet before this part of the HTO was uplifted to its recent heights. RI Li, Jia-Tang/AAC-7626-2020 SN 2045-7758 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 24 BP 14498 EP 14511 DI 10.1002/ece3.5909 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500711400001 PM 31938536 ER PT J AU Vadell, MV Villafane, IEG Carbajo, AE AF Victoria Vadell, Maria Gomez Villafane, Isabel Elisa Eduardo Carbajo, Anibal TI Hantavirus infection and biodiversity in the Americas SO OECOLOGIA AB Species diversity has been proposed to decrease prevalence of disease in a wide variety of host-pathogen systems, in a phenomenon labeled the dilution effect. This phenomenon was first proposed and tested for vector-borne diseases but was later extended to directly transmitted parasite systems such as hantavirus. Though there seems to be clear evidence for the dilution effect in some hantavirus/rodent systems, the generality of this hypothesis remains debated. In the present meta-analysis, we examined the evidence supporting the dilution effect for hantavirus/rodent systems in the Americas. General linear models employed on data from 56 field studies identified the abundance of the reservoir rodent species and its relative proportion in the community as the only relevant variables explaining the prevalence of antibodies against hantavirus in the reservoir. Thus, we found no clear support for the dilution effect hypothesis for hantavirus/rodent systems in the Americas. SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 DI 10.1007/s00442-019-04564-0 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500849100001 PM 31807865 ER PT J AU Sgarlata, GM Salmona, J Le Pors, B Rasolondraibe, E Jan, F Ralantoharijaona, T Rakotonanahary, A Randriamaroson, J Marques, AJ Aleixo-Pais, I de Zoeten, T Ousseni, DSA Knoop, SB Teixeira, H Gabillaud, V Miller, A Ibouroi, MT Rasoloharijaona, S Zaonarivelo, JR Andriaholinirina, NV Chikhi, L AF Sgarlata, Gabriele Maria Salmona, Jordi Le Pors, Barbara Rasolondraibe, Emmanuel Jan, Fabien Ralantoharijaona, Tantely Rakotonanahary, Ando Randriamaroson, Jacquis Marques, Adam Joseph Aleixo-Pais, Isa de Zoeten, Tiago Ousseni, Dhurham Said Ali Knoop, Simon Benjamin Teixeira, Helena Gabillaud, Vivien Miller, Alex Ibouroi, Mohamed Thani Rasoloharijaona, Solofonirina Zaonarivelo, John Rigobert Andriaholinirina, Nicole Volasoa Chikhi, Lounes TI Genetic and morphological diversity of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in northern Madagascar: The discovery of a putative new species? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY AB Tropical forests harbor extremely high levels of biological diversity and are quickly disappearing. Despite the increasingly recognized high rate of habitat loss, it is expected that new species will be discovered as more effort is put to document tropical biodiversity. Exploring under-studied regions is particularly urgent if we consider the rapid changes in habitat due to anthropogenic activities. Madagascar is known for its extraordinary biological diversity and endemicity. It is also threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. It holds more than 100 endemic primate species (lemurs). Among these, Microcebus (mouse lemurs) is one of the more diverse genera. We sampled mouse lemurs from several sites across northern Madagascar, including forests never sampled before. We obtained morphological data from 99 Microcebus individuals; we extracted DNA from tissue samples of 42 individuals and amplified two mitochondrial loci (cytb and cox2) commonly used for species identification. Our findings update the distribution of three species (Microcebus tavaratra, Microcebus arnholdi, and Microcebus mamiratra), including a major increase in the distribution area of M. arnholdi. We also report the discovery of a new Microcebus lineage genetically related to M. arnholdi. Several complementary approaches suggest that the newly identified Microcebus lineage might correspond to a new putative species, to be confirmed or rejected with additional data. In addition, morphological analyses showed (a) clear phenotypic differences between M. tavaratra and M. arnholdi, but no clear differences between the new Microcebus lineage and the sister species M. arnholdi; and (b) a significant correlation between climatic variables and morphology, suggesting a possible relationship between species identity, morphology, and environment. By integrating morphological, climatic, genetic, and spatial data of two northern Microcebus species, we show that the spatial distribution of forest-dwelling species may be used as a proxy to reconstruct the past spatial changes in forest cover and vegetation type. RI Salmona, Jordi/P-5996-2017 OI Salmona, Jordi/0000-0002-1950-5805; Aleixo Pais, Isa/0000-0003-2730-3688 SN 0275-2565 EI 1098-2345 AR e23070 DI 10.1002/ajp.23070 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500713400001 PM 31808195 ER PT J AU Hayes, WM Fisher, JC Pierre, MA Bicknell, JE Davies, ZG AF Hayes, William Michael Fisher, Jessica Claris Pierre, Meshach Andres Bicknell, Jake Emmerson Davies, Zoe Georgina TI Bird communities across varying landcover types in a Neotropical city SO BIOTROPICA AB Urbanization poses a serious threat to local biodiversity, yet towns and cities with abundant natural features may harbor important species populations and communities. While the contribution of urban greenspaces to conservation has been demonstrated by numerous studies within temperate regions, few consider the bird communities associated with different landcovers in Neotropical cities. To begin to fill this knowledge gap, we examined how the avifauna of a wetland city in northern Amazonia varied across six urban landcover types (coastal bluespace; urban bluespace; managed greenspace; unmanaged greenspace; dense urban; and sparse urban). We measured detections, species richness, and a series of ground cover variables that characterized the heterogeneity of each landcover, at 114 locations across the city. We recorded >10% (98) of Guyana's bird species in Georgetown, including taxa of conservation interest. Avian detections, richness, and community composition differed with landcover type. Indicator species analysis identified 29 species from across dietary guilds, which could be driving community composition. Comparing landcovers, species richness was highest in managed greenspaces and lowest in dense urban areas. The canal network had comparable levels of species richness to greenspaces. The waterways are likely to play a key role in enhancing habitat connectivity as they traverse densely urbanized areas. Both species and landcover information should be integrated into urban land-use planning in the rapidly urbanizing Neotropics to maximize the conservation value of cities. This is imperative in the tropics, where anthropogenic pressures on species are growing significantly, and action needs to be taken to prevent biodiversity collapse. SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 52 IS 1 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1111/btp.12729 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500580000001 ER PT J AU Palacio, RD Kattan, GH Pimm, SL AF Palacio, Ruben D. Kattan, Gustavo H. Pimm, Stuart L. TI Bird extirpations and community dynamics in an Andean cloud forest over 100 years of land-use change SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB Long-term studies to understand biodiversity changes remain scarce-especially so for tropical mountains. We examined changes from 1911 to 2016 in the bird community of the cloud forest of San Antonio, a mountain ridge in the Colombian Andes. We evaluated the effects of past land-use change and assessed species vulnerability to climate disruption. Forest cover decreased from 95% to 50% by 1959, and 33 forest species were extirpated. From 1959 to 1990, forest cover remained stable, and an additional 15 species were lost-a total of 29% of the forest bird community. Thereafter, forest cover increased by 26% and 17 species recolonized the area. The main cause of extirpations was the loss of connections to adjacent forests. Of the 31 (19%) extirpated birds, 25 have ranges peripheral to San Antonio, mostly in the lowlands. Most still occurred regionally, but broken forest connections limited their recolonization. Other causes of extirpation were hunting, wildlife trade, and water diversion. Bird community changes included a shift from predominantly common species to rare species; forest generalists replaced forest specialists that require old growth, and functional groups, such as large-body frugivores and nectarivores, declined disproportionally. All water-dependent birds were extirpated. Of the remaining 122 forest species, 19 are vulnerable to climate disruption, 10 have declined in abundance, and 4 are threatened. Our results show unequivocal species losses and changes in community structure and abundance at the local scale. We found species were extirpated after habitat loss and fragmentation, but forest recovery stopped extirpations and helped species repopulate. Land-use changes increased species vulnerability to climate change, and we suggest reversing landscape transformation may restore biodiversity and improve resistance to future threats. OI pimm, stuart/0000-0003-4206-2456 SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 DI 10.1111/cobi.13423 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500620700001 PM 31603589 ER PT J AU Portela, MB Rodrigues, EI Rodrigues, CADRD Rezende, CF de de Oliveira, TS AF Portela, Marcela Bernardes Rodrigues, Eliese Idalino de Sousa Rodrigues de Sousa Rodrigues Filho, Carlos Alberto Rezende, Carla Ferreira de de Oliveira, Teogenes Senna TI Do ecological corridors increase the abundance of soil fauna? SO ECOSCIENCE AB Ecological corridors are areas of natural vegetation that connect two or more separate habitat patches, surrounded by a non-habitat matrix. Soil fauna is important for sustainability, conservation and soil quality. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of corridors on the soil faunal community in crops near savannah vegetation areas by examining the effects on trophic, movement and taxonomic groups. We collected data during the dry and rainy seasons in two areas of biodynamic agriculture. Then, we calculated trophic, movement, taxonomic group abundance, total abundance, richness, equability and diversity. The taxa Acari, Chilopoda, Oligochaeta, Orthoptera and Psocoptera were the most abundant in cultivated areas with corridors during the rainy season, while the taxa Dermaptera, Diplura, Diptera, Collembola, Formicidae larva, Lepidoptera and Lepidoptera larva were more abundant in cultivated areas with corridors during the dry season. The trophic, movement, taxonomic group abundance, richness, equability and diversity were higher during the rainy season and were not related to corridor presence. Ecological corridors increased the abundance of some taxonomic groups of soil fauna in cultivated areas, thereby contributing to the maintenance of specific taxonomic groups, which provide important ecosystem services. RI Oliveira, Teogenes/I-2552-2012; Rezende, Carla/G-2050-2012 OI Oliveira, Teogenes/0000-0002-9904-6708; Rezende, Carla/0000-0002-2319-6558 SN 1195-6860 EI 2376-7626 DI 10.1080/11956860.2019.1690933 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500613300001 ER PT J AU Chen, LF He, ZB Zhao, WZ Liu, JL Zhou, H Li, J Meng, YY Wang, LS AF Chen, Long-Fei He, Zhi-Bin Zhao, Wen-Zhi Liu, Ji-Liang Zhou, Hai Li, Jing Meng, Yang-Yang Wang, Li-Sha TI Soil structure and nutrient supply drive changes in soil microbial communities during conversion of virgin desert soil to irrigated cropland SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AB Soil microorganisms are critical to soil health and environmental functions; however, the dynamics of microbial communities and their response to soil variables following conversion of desert soils to oasis farmland have not been well documented. We used high-throughput pyrosequencing to investigate the dynamics of soil microbial communities along an irrigated cultivation chronosequence (cultivated for 16, 33, 45 and 60 years) and in adjacent non-cultivated soil in a desert-oasis ecotone in northwestern China. Additionally, we explored which soil variables may be responsible for shifts in microbial communities. Generally, cultivation in desert soil increased microbial community abundance and diversity; however, bacterial abundance and diversity increased along the cultivation chronosequence, whereas fungal abundance and diversity initially increased and then decreased. Continuous crop cultivation also resulted in a shift in microbial community composition, notably with a decrease in nitrogen (N)-fixing microbes (Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria) and an increase in ammonia-oxidizing (Nitrosomonadales) and nitrite-oxidizing microbes (Nitrospirae). Redundancy analysis showed that soil organic carbon, total N, available N, available phosphorus and bulk density explained over 80% of the variation in both bacterial and fungal communities; this indicated the critical roles of nutrient supply and soil structure in shaping the composition and diversity of microbial communities during the conversion of native desert soils to irrigated croplands. Highlights Cultivation in desert soil increased microbial community abundance and diversity. Cultivation decreased N-fixing microbes. Cultivation increased ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing microbes. Soil structure and nutrient supply shaped the diversity of microbial communities. SN 1351-0754 EI 1365-2389 DI 10.1111/ejss.12901 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500550300001 ER PT J AU Mahomoodally, F Samoisy, AK Suroowan, S AF Mahomoodally, Fawzi Samoisy, Anne Kathie Suroowan, Shanoo TI Ethnozoological practices in Rodrigues island of the Mascarene archipelago SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AB Ethnopharmacological relevance: Rodrigues, is an autonomous island that forms part of the Republic of Mauritius. It is a component of the Mascarene archipelago alongside Mauritius and Reunion island. Despite their relative geographical proximity, each island has its own unique biodiversity and indigenous knowledge. Nonetheless, there is no documentation of the use of animal-based remedies (ABR) in Rodrigues. This study was therefore designed to gather and compare primary traditional knowledge on the different ABR used by Rodriguans. Aim of the study: To collect, analyse, document, compare, and disseminate the use of ABR against common human ailments in Rodrigues island. Methods: Data was collected following interviews from key informants (n = 150). Primary data collected in the present study was compared with those reported from the nearest island, Mauritius. Three quantitative indices including (i) the frequency of citation, (ii) the similarity ratio and the percentage of shared uses among the two islands and (iii) new uses and percentage of new uses recorded in Rodrigues for each animal species mentioned were calculated. Results: A total of 32 animal species belonging to 13 taxonomic groups among which 55% were vertebrates and 45% invertebrates were reported to treat 38 different ailment conditions. Altogether, 73 distinct medicinal preparations employing 22 different animal parts and by-products were concocted from the different animal species reported. Most used animal parts were meat (21%) followed by the whole body (14%). The preparations were either administered orally (78%) or topically (22%). Interestingly, resources such as the Rodriguan bat (Pteropus rodricensis) and honey are unique to the island and have never been studied before. Pteropus rodricensis is an endangered species while Carcharodon carcharias is a vulnerable one. The shared medicinal uses of the species among the 2 islands ranged from 0 to 50% with the most similar uses (50%) being for Columba livia and Donax Spp. respectively. The proportion of new uses of animal species recorded in Rodrigues was higher (NUR >= 30%) for Panulirus penicillatus, Ovis cries, Gallus gallus domesticus, Scutigera coleoptrata, Apis mellifera, Bos taurus and Capra aegagrus hircus. Conclusion: Rodriguans were found to possess valuable knowledge on a plethora of ABR. It is believed that the present documentation will serve to record and present this vanishing knowledge to the scientific community before it is further eroded from the island. Given the dearth of primary published information on zootherapeutic practices in Rodrigues, this study opens new avenues for biomedicine development in an attempt to develop alternative therapies or complement existing ones. SN 0378-8741 EI 1872-7573 PD DEC 5 PY 2019 VL 245 AR UNSP 112163 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112163 UT WOS:000488331300029 PM 31419503 ER PT J AU de Araujo, BC Tavares, MT Brotto, TRA Silva-Freitas, JM Santos, MEV Saguiah, PM Schmidt, S AF de Araujo, Bruno Cancian Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira Aguiar Brotto, Thales Renan Silva-Freitas, Juliana Martins Vagner Santos, Max Estefani Saguiah, Pamella Machado Schmidt, Stefan TI Accelerating the knowledge of Peruvian Chalcididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with integrative taxonomy SO BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL AB We present the first regional inventory of the fauna of Chalcididae in the Peruvian Amazon, with a nearly 6-fold increase in the number of species recorded for the country. A total of 418 specimens of Chalcididae were collected between 2000 and 2017 at the Panguana Reserve, Peruvian Amazon, 400 of which were obtained using Malaise traps and the remaining 18 specimens by canopy fogging. The morphological analyses indicated that these specimens represent 183 species of Chalcididae in 10 different genera, with 173 new to Peru and 134 potentially new species. We submitted 268 specimens, representing 167 species, to DNA barcoding. Of these, 141 specimens yielded sequences, 136 of them with a minimum of 300 bp. Sixty specimens were assigned a BIN by the Barcode of Life Database System (BOLD), resulting in 50 BINs. A cluster analysis of 138 individuals that yielded DNA sequences longer than 100 bp revealed 118 MOTUs (molecular operative taxonomic units), all of them highly congruent with the morphological data. Prior to the present study, 37 species in 9 genera of Chalcididae were known from Peru. With our results, this number was increased to 210 species in 13 genera. The present study is the result of a joint effort between the SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen, Germany (ZSM) and the Insect Biodiversity Laboratory of the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil (LaBI-UFES), intending to apply an accelerated taxonomic treatment of the Chalcididae of the Panguana reserve using traditional morphological approaches in combination with DNA barcoding. The complete molecular dataset and associated voucher information is publicly available through BOLD. The new species that were discovered as part of the study are being formally described elsewhere as part of taxonomic treatments of Neotropical and world generic revisions at LaBI-UFES. RI ; Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira/H-1737-2012 OI Schmidt, Stefan/0000-0001-5751-8706; Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira/0000-0003-0768-9843; Aguiar Brotto, Thales Renan de/0000-0002-5887-5470 SN 1314-2836 EI 1314-2828 PD DEC 4 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e35907 DI 10.3897/BDJ.7.e35907 UT WOS:000502835800001 PM 31844413 ER PT J AU Ferrao, M Moravec, J Moraes, LJCL de Carvalho, VT Gordo, M Lima, AP AF Ferrao, Miqueias Moravec, Jiri Moraes, Leandro J. C. L. de Carvalho, Vinicius T. Gordo, Marcelo Lima, Albertina P. TI Rediscovery of Osteocephalus vilarsi (Anura: Hylidae): an overlooked but widespread Amazonian spiny-backed treefrog SO PEERJ AB Osteocephalus vilarsi (Melin, 1941) is an Amazonian treefrog species known for over 75 years from its holotype only. Due to a lack of published data on its morphological diagnostic characters and their variations, as well as the absence of molecular, acoustic and ecological data supporting its identity, a highly dynamic taxonomic history has led this species to be confused and even synonymised with other Osteocephalus species from distinct species groups. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of O. vilarsi were investigated based on recently collected specimens from eight Northwestern Brazilian localities in the state of Amazonas, leading to its removal from the Osteocephalus taurinus species group and placement in the Osteocephalus planiceps species group. Furthermore, detailed data on morphology and colour variation are provided, as well as advertisement call and tadpole descriptions. Finally, the currently known geographic range of O. vilarsi is considerably extended, first data on the natural history of the species are provided, and the possible ecological preference of O. vilarsi for Amazonian white-sand forests is discussed. RI Moraes, Leandro/E-9634-2017 OI Moraes, Leandro/0000-0001-6704-898X SN 2167-8359 PD DEC 4 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e8160 DI 10.7717/peerj.8160 UT WOS:000502039000002 PM 31824771 ER PT J AU Ridding, LE Watson, SCL Newton, AC Rowland, CS Bullock, JM AF Ridding, Lucy E. Watson, Stephen C. L. Newton, Adrian C. Rowland, Clare S. Bullock, James M. TI Ongoing, but slowing, habitat loss in a rural landscape over 85 years SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AB Context Studies evaluating biodiversity loss and altered ecosystem services have tended to examine changes over the last few decades, despite the fact that land use change and its negative impacts have been occurring over a much longer period. Examining past land use change, particularly over the long-term and multiple time periods, is essential for understanding how rates and drivers of change have varied historically. Objectives To quantify and assess patterns of change in semi-natural habitats across a rural landscape at five time points between 1930 and 2015. Methods We determined the habitat cover at over 3700 sites across the county of Dorset, southern England in 1930, 1950, 1980, 1990 and 2015, using historical vegetation surveys, re-surveys, historical maps and other contemporary spatial data. Results Considerable declines in semi-natural habitats occurred across the Dorset landscape between 1930 and 2015. This trend was non-linear for the majority of semi-natural habitats, with the greatest losses occurring between 1950 and 1980. This period coincides with the largest gains to arable and improved grassland, reflecting agricultural expansion after the Second World War. Although the loss of semi-natural habitats declined after this period, largely because there were very few sites left to convert, there were still a number of habitats lost within the last 25 years. Conclusions The findings illustrate a long history of habitat loss in the UK, and are important for planning landscape management and ameliorative actions, such as restoration. Our analysis also highlights the role of statutory protection in retaining semi-natural habitats, suggesting the need for continued protection of important habitats. OI Ridding, Lucy/0000-0003-3141-8795 SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 DI 10.1007/s10980-019-00944-2 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501192700001 ER PT J AU Voigt, CC Scholl, JM Bauer, J Teige, T Yovel, Y Kramer-Schadt, S Gras, P AF Voigt, Christian C. Scholl, Julia M. Bauer, Juliane Teige, Tobias Yovel, Yossi Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie Gras, P. TI Movement responses of common noctule bats to the illuminated urban landscape SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AB Context Cities are a challenging habitat for obligate nocturnal mammals because of the ubiquitous use of artificial light at night (ALAN). How nocturnal animals move in an urban landscape, particularly in response to ALAN is largely unknown. Objectives We studied the movement responses, foraging and commuting, of common noctules (Nyctalus noctula) to urban landscape features in general and ALAN in particular. Methods We equipped 20 bats with miniaturized GPS loggers in the Berlin metropolitan area and related spatial positions of bats to anthropogenic and natural landscape features and levels of ALAN. Results Common noctules foraged close to ALAN only next to bodies of water or well vegetated areas, probably to exploit swarms of insects lured by street lights. In contrast, they avoided illuminated roads, irrespective of vegetation cover nearby. Predictive maps identified most of the metropolitan area as non-favoured by this species because of high levels of impervious surfaces and ALAN. Dark corridors were used by common noctules for commuting and thus likely improved the permeability of the city landscape. Conclusions We conclude that the spatial use of common noctules, previously considered to be more tolerant to light than other bats, is largely constrained by ALAN. Our study is the first individual-based GPS tracking study to show sensitive responses of nocturnal wildlife to light pollution. Approaches to protect urban biodiversity need to include ALAN to safeguard the larger network of dark habitats for bats and other nocturnal species in cities. RI ; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie/A-8778-2013 OI Voigt, Christian/0000-0002-0706-3974; Yovel, Yossi/0000-0001-5429-9245; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie/0000-0002-9269-4446 SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 DI 10.1007/s10980-019-00942-4 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501192700002 ER PT J AU Parain, EC Gray, SM Bersier, LF AF Parain, Elodie C. Gray, Sarah M. Bersier, Louis-Felix TI The effects of temperature and dispersal on species diversity in natural microbial metacommunities SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Dispersal is key for maintaining biodiversity at local- and regional scales in metacommunities. However, little is known about the combined effects of dispersal and climate change on biodiversity. Theory predicts that alpha-diversity is maximized at intermediate dispersal rates, resulting in a hump-shaped diversity-dispersal relationship. This relationship is predicted to flatten when competition increases. We anticipate that this same flattening will occur with increased temperature because, in the rising part of the temperature performance curve, interspecific competition is predicted to increase. We explored this question using aquatic communities of Sarracenia purpurea from early- and late-successional stages, in which we simulated four levels of dispersal and four temperature scenarios. With increased dispersal, the hump shape was observed consistently in late successional communities, but only in higher temperature treatments in early succession. Increased temperature did not flatten the hump-shape relationship, but decreased the level of alpha- and gamma-diversity. Interestingly, higher temperatures negatively impacted small-bodied species. These metacommunity-level extinctions likely relaxed interspecific competition, which could explain the absence of flattening of the diversity-dispersal relationship. Our findings suggest that climate change will cause extinctions both at local- and global- scales and emphasize the importance of intermediate levels of dispersal as an insurance for local diversity. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 4 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18286 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54866-9 UT WOS:000501460500001 PM 31797904 ER PT J AU Wilmer, H Fernandez-Gimenez, ME Ghajar, S Taylor, PL Souza, C Derner, JD AF Wilmer, Halley Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E. Ghajar, Shayan Taylor, Peter Leigh Souza, Caridad Derner, Justin D. TI Managing for the middle: rancher care ethics under uncertainty on Western Great Plains rangelands SO AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES AB Ranchers and pastoralists worldwide manage and depend upon resources from rangelands (which support indigenous vegetation with the potential for grazing) across Earth's terrestrial surface. In the Great Plains of North America rangeland ecology has increasingly recognized the importance of managing rangeland vegetation heterogeneity to address conservation and production goals. This paradigm, however, has limited application for ranchers as they manage extensive beef production operations under high levels of social-ecological complexity and uncertainty. We draw on the ethics of care theoretical framework to explore how ranchers choose management actions. We used modified grounded theory analysis of repeated interviews with ranchers to (1) compare rancher decision-making under relatively certain and uncertain conditions and (2) describe a typology of practices used to prioritize and choose management actions that maintain effective stewardship of these often multi-generational ranches. We contrast traditional decision-making frameworks with those described by interviewees when high levels of environmental and market uncertainty or ecological complexity led ranchers toward use of care-based, flexible and relational frameworks for decision-making. Ranchers facing complexity and uncertainty often sought "middle-ground" strategies to balance multiple, conflicting responsibilities in rangeland social-ecological systems. For example, ranchers' care-based decision-making leads to conservative stocking approaches to "manage for the middle," e.g. to limit risk under uncertain weather and forage availability conditions. Efforts to promote heterogeneity-based rangeland management for biodiversity conservation through the restoration of patch burn grazing and prairie dog conservation will require increased valuation of ranchers' care work. OI Derner, Justin/0000-0001-8076-0736 SN 0889-048X EI 1572-8366 DI 10.1007/s10460-019-10003-w EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500280600001 ER PT J AU Cuni-Sanchez, A Imani, G Bulonvu, F Batumike, R Baruka, G Burgess, ND Klein, JA Marchant, R AF Cuni-Sanchez, Aida Imani, Gerard Bulonvu, Franklin Batumike, Rodrigue Baruka, Grace Burgess, Neil D. Klein, Julia A. Marchant, Rob TI Social Perceptions of Forest Ecosystem Services in the Democratic Republic of Congo SO HUMAN ECOLOGY AB The forests of the Albertine Rift are known for their high biodiversity and the important ecosystem services they provide to millions of inhabitants. However, their conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem service delivery is a challenge, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our research investigates how livelihood strategy and ethnicity affects local perceptions of forest ecosystem services. We collected data through 25 focus-group discussions in villages from distinct ethnic groups, including farmers (Tembo, Shi, and Nyindu) and hunter-gatherers (Twa). Twa identify more food-provisioning services and rank bush meat and honey as the most important. They also show stronger place attachment to the forest than the farmers, who value other ecosystem services, but all rank microclimate regulation as the most important. Our findings help assess ecosystem services trade-offs, highlight the important impacts of restricted access to forests resources for Twa, and point to the need for developing alternative livelihood strategies for these communities. SN 0300-7839 EI 1572-9915 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 47 IS 6 BP 839 EP 853 DI 10.1007/s10745-019-00115-6 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500345200001 ER PT J AU Cruz, BH Alonso, F Alen, JC Pego-Reigosa, JM Lopez-Longo, FJ Galindo-Izquierdo, M Olive, A Tomero, E Horcada, L Uriarte, E Erausquin, C Sanchez-Atrio, A Montilla, C Soler, GS Fernandez-Nebro, A Blanco, R Rodriguez-Gomez, M Vela, P Freire, M Diez-Alvarez, E Boteanu, AL Narvaez, J Taboada, VM Ruiz-Lucea, E Andreu, JL Fernandez-Berrizbeitia, O Hernandez-Beriain, JA Gantes, M Perez-Venegas, JJ Ibanez-Barcelo, M Pecondon-Espanol, A Marras, C Bonilla, G Castellvi, I Moreno, M Raya, E Vila, VEQ Vazquez, T Ruan, JI Munoz, S Rua-Figueroa, I AF Hernandez Cruz, B. Alonso, F. Calvo Alen, J. Pego-Reigosa, J. M. Lopez-Longo, F. J. Galindo-Izquierdo, M. Olive, A. Tomero, E. Horcada, L. Uriarte, E. Erausquin, C. Sanchez-Atrio, A. Montilla, C. Santos Soler, G. Fernandez-Nebro, A. Blanco, R. Rodriguez-Gomez, M. Vela, P. Freire, M. Diez-Alvarez, E. Boteanu, A. L. Narvaez, J. Martinez Taboada, V. Ruiz-Lucea, E. Andreu, J. L. Fernandez-Berrizbeitia, O. Hernandez-Beriain, J. A. Gantes, M. Perez-Venegas, J. J. Ibanez-Barcelo, M. Pecondon-Espanol, A. Marras, C. Bonilla, G. Castellvi, I. Moreno, M. Raya, E. Quevedo Vila, V. E. Vazquez, T. Ruan, J. Ibanez Munoz, S. Rua-Figueroa, I. CA RELESSER Spanish Soc Rheumatology TI Differences in clinical manifestations and increased severity of systemic lupus erythematosus between two groups of Hispanics: European Caucasians versus Latin American mestizos (data from the RELESSER registry) SO LUPUS AB Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is regarded as a prototype autoimmune disease because it can serve as a means for studying differences between ethnic minorities and sex. Traditionally, all Hispanics have been bracketed within the same ethnic group, but there are differences between Hispanics from Spain and those from Latin America, not to mention other Spanish-speaking populations. Objectives This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, severity, activity, damage, mortality and co-morbidity of SLE in Hispanics belonging to the two ethnic groups resident in Spain, and to identify any differences. Methods This was an observational, multi-centre, retrospective study. The demographic and clinical variables of patients with SLE from 45 rheumatology units were collected. The study was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Hispanic patients from the registry were divided into two groups: Spaniards or European Caucasians (EC) and Latin American mestizos (LAM). Comparative univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out. Results A total of 3490 SLE patients were included, 90% of whom were female; 3305 (92%) EC and 185 (5%) LAM. LAM patients experienced their first lupus symptoms four years earlier than EC patients and were diagnosed and included in the registry younger, and their SLE was of a shorter duration. The time in months from the first SLE symptoms to diagnosis was longer in EC patients, as were the follow-up periods. LAM patients exhibited higher prevalence rates of myositis, haemolytic anaemia and nephritis, but there were no differences in histological type or serositis. Anti-Sm, anti-Ro and anti-RNP antibodies were more frequently found in LAM patients. LAM patients also had higher levels of disease activity, severity and hospital admissions. However, there were no differences in damage index, mortality or co-morbidity index. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, in several models the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a Katz severity index >3 in LAM patients was 1.45 (1.038-2.026; p = 0.02). This difference did not extend to activity levels (i.e. SLEDAI >3; 0.98 (0.30-1.66)). Conclusion SLE in Hispanic EC patients showed clinical differences compared to Hispanic LAM patients. The latter more frequently suffered nephritis and higher severity indices. This study shows that where lupus is concerned, not all Hispanics are equal. RI Narvaez, Javier/AAD-7434-2020; blanco, ricardo/AAA-1248-2020; Narvaez, Javier/AAD-7456-2020 OI blanco, ricardo/0000-0003-2344-2285; Narvaez, Javier/0000-0002-1614-8064; Castellvi, Ivan/0000-0002-5410-5807 SN 0961-2033 EI 1477-0962 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 29 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 AR UNSP 0961203319889667 DI 10.1177/0961203319889667 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500883100001 PM 31801040 ER PT J AU Santos, RPD Silva, JG Miranda, EA AF Santos, R. P. D. Silva, J. G. Miranda, E. A. TI The Past and Current Potential Distribution of the Fruit Fly Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South America SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) is an agricultural pest of wide geographic distribution infesting a vast list of host species in America. However, little is known about the past geographic distribution of this species. In this study, we investigated the potential past and current distribution of species in South America. In this sense, the MaxEnt algorithm was used to model the ecological niche of the species in the past (Last Interglcial Maximum; Last Glacial Maximum) and current periods. The results suggested that under the current climatic conditions, A. obliqua showed high environmental suitability to become established in most South American countries, especially in Brazil. The lowest suitability indices were observed in Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. The past analysis for Last Glacial Maximum revealed that there was no significant change in the distribution potential of the species when compared to the current model; however, in the Last Interglacial Maximum period, there was a large reduction in the areas of suitability for the species when compared to the current and Last Glacial Maximum distribution models. The analysis also revealed vast areas of refuges for the species mainly on the coast of Brazil, as well as Venezuela, Bolivia, Guyana, and Surinam. The results presented here may be useful for future phylogeographical studies in order to test if the refuge areas concentrate greater genetic diversity for this species. In addition, our study provides important information for understanding the current dynamics of A. obliqua, which may be useful for control programs in places where this species can become a pest. SN 1519-566X EI 1678-8052 DI 10.1007/s13744-019-00741-1 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500635400001 PM 31802413 ER PT J AU Beausoleil, MO Frishkoff, LO M'Gonigle, LK Raeymaekers, JAM Knutie, SA De Leon, LF Huber, SK Chaves, JA Clayton, DH Koop, JAH Podos, J Sharpe, DMT Hendry, AP Barrett, RDH AF Beausoleil, Marc-Olivier Frishkoff, Luke O. M'Gonigle, Leithen K. Raeymaekers, Joost A. M. Knutie, Sarah A. De Leon, Luis F. Huber, Sarah K. Chaves, Jaime A. Clayton, Dale H. Koop, Jennifer A. H. Podos, Jeffrey Sharpe, Diana M. T. Hendry, Andrew P. Barrett, Rowan D. H. TI Temporally varying disruptive selection in the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB Disruptive natural selection within populations exploiting different resources is considered to be a major driver of adaptive radiation and the production of biodiversity. Fitness functions, which describe the relationships between trait variation and fitness, can help to illuminate how this disruptive selection leads to population differentiation. However, a single fitness function represents only a particular selection regime over a single specified time period (often a single season or a year), and therefore might not capture longer-term dynamics. Here, we build a series of annual fitness functions that quantify the relationships between phenotype and apparent survival. These functions are based on a 9-year mark-recapture dataset of over 600 medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) within a population bimodal for beak size. We then relate changes in the shape of these functions to climate variables. We find that disruptive selection between small and large beak morphotypes, as reported previously for 2 years, is present throughout the study period, but that the intensity of this selection varies in association with the harshness of environment. In particular, we find that disruptive selection was strongest when precipitation was high during the dry season of the previous year. Our results shed light on climatic factors associated with disruptive selection in Darwin's finches, and highlight the role of temporally varying fitness functions in modulating the extent of population differentiation. RI ; Raeymaekers, Joost/J-9538-2014; De Leon, Luis F/H-1112-2011 OI Chaves, Jaime/0000-0003-0679-2603; Koop, Jennifer/0000-0002-5332-3618; Raeymaekers, Joost/0000-0003-2732-7495; De Leon, Luis F/0000-0001-9317-420X SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 PD DEC 4 PY 2019 VL 286 IS 1916 AR 20192290 DI 10.1098/rspb.2019.2290 UT WOS:000500995500005 PM 31795872 ER PT J AU Morales, NS Zuleta, GA AF Morales, Narkis S. Zuleta, Gustavo A. TI Comparison of different land degradation indicators: Do the world regions really matter? SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB In 2010, the Convention on Biological Diversity created the Aichi Biodiversity targets to aid the restoration of degraded ecosystems, which include the restoration of at least 15% of degraded ecosystems by 2020. A crucial step to achieve this goal is the development of nonbiased prioritization methodologies that help establish key areas for restoration. However, prioritization methodologies depend heavily on each country's economic capability, governance, internal politics, degradation level, and access to data. Because only 78 countries are considered high-income economies, only this select group of countries would potentially have the necessary resources to compile the information needed to carry out a prioritization process. In this work, our aim was to analyze and compare key land degradation indicators (e.g., land use/change, primary productivity, biodiversity loss, soil organic carbon, degradation level, and social acceptance) in five world regions, with different incomes and political and cultural background, Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America (USA-Canada), and Oceania. We also grouped these key land degradation indicators by type (ecological, social, cultural, economic, and policy). Our results indicate that the different world regions seem not to have a direct impact on the number of land degradation indicators used. However, we found differences in the type of indicators used per region, partially denoting the idiosyncrasy of each of these regions. Our study shows that governance is important in the use of indicators although we suspect that there are other variables that could be at play not included in this study. RI Morales San Martin, Narkis/P-1068-2014 OI Morales San Martin, Narkis/0000-0002-3942-1916 SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3488 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500544000001 ER PT J AU Newbold, C Knapp, BO Pile, LS AF Newbold, Chris Knapp, Benjamin O. Pile, Lauren S. TI Are we close enough? Comparing prairie reconstruction chronosequences to remnants following two site preparation methods in Missouri, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY AB Prairie reconstruction has become a common method for reestablishing tallgrass prairie communities in the central United States. With the objective of creating plant communities that approximate remnant (reference) prairies, managers are interested in identifying: (1) best methods for reconstructing reference community conditions; (2) the rate of change in plant communities through time following reconstruction; and (3) species present in remnant communities but missing from reconstructed communities. This information is important in the development of adaptive management strategies during active reconstruction. We used a chronosequence approach to assess the success of two reconstruction methods in emulating local, reference remnant prairie plant communities. We compared broadcast dormant seeding following two types of site preparation, agricultural cropping (Crop) or herbicide control in existing grass assemblages (Grass), and remnant communities. The Crop site preparation method resulted in a rapid increase in richness shortly following seeding. Although more similar to remnant assemblages initially, the Grass method took longer for mean coefficient of conservatism and floristic quality index to approach conditions of the reference communities. However, neither method resulted in plant community compositions that converged with the reference through time. Further, indicator species analysis identified a diverse assemblage of species lacking from the reconstructed prairies. These results suggest the need to develop management strategies for establishing the "missing" species during reconstruction and provide further support for protection and conservation of existing remnant prairies. SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X DI 10.1111/rec.13078 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500525100001 ER PT J AU Perron, MAC Pick, FR AF Perron, Mary Ann C. Pick, Frances R. TI Stormwater ponds as habitat for Odonata in urban areas: the importance of obligate wetland plant species SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION AB Urbanization significantly alters hydrological regimes in cities by reducing infiltration rates and increasing runoff. Stormwater ponds have been constructed in North American cities to mitigate the effects of increased urban runoff by dampening floods and filtering out contaminants. However, these ponds may also provide habitat for wetland species in cities. This study aimed at determining the significance of stormwater ponds as attractive habitats for the adult stages of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), widely considered bioindicators of aquatic and wetland ecosystem health. A total of 41 urban stormwater ponds and ten rural natural ponds were sampled across the National Capital Region of Canada. On average, stormwater ponds had fewer species and lower abundance of dragonflies but, in contrast, more species of damselflies. Stormwater ponds had a higher total plant species richness because of a higher number of non-native species. However, some stormwater ponds had similar odonate and plant species assemblages to natural ponds. The variation in odonate abundance and species composition was largely explained by plant community composition and significantly linked to the presence of specific obligate wetland plant species. Overall, this study highlights the importance of wetland features in cities and points to design elements of stormwater ponds that could be implemented to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 DI 10.1007/s10531-019-01917-2 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500601700001 ER PT J AU Remmer, CR Owca, T Neary, L Wiklund, JA Kay, M Wolfe, BB Hall, RI AF Remmer, Casey R. Owca, Tanner Neary, Laura Wiklund, Johan A. Kay, Mitchell Wolfe, Brent B. Hall, Roland, I TI Delineating extent and magnitude of river flooding to lakes across a northern delta using water isotope tracers SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES AB Hydrological monitoring in complex, dynamic northern floodplain landscapes is challenging, but increasingly important as a consequence of multiple stressors. The Peace-Athabasca Delta in northern Alberta, Canada, is a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance reliant on episodic river ice-jam flood events to recharge abundant perched lakes and wetlands. Improved and systematic monitoring of landscape-scale hydrological connectivity among freshwater ecosystems (rivers, channels, wetlands, and lakes) is needed to guide stewardship decisions in the face of climate change and upstream industrial development. Here, we use water isotope compositions, supplemented by measurements of specific conductivity and field observations, from 68 lakes and 9 river sites in May 2018 to delineate the extent and magnitude of spring ice-jam induced flooding along the Peace and Athabasca rivers. Lake-specific estimates of input water isotope composition (delta(I)) were modelled after accounting for influence of evaporative isotopic enrichment. Then, using the distinct isotopic signature of input water sources, we develop a set of binary mixing models and estimate the proportion of input to flooded lakes attributable to river floodwater and precipitation (snow or rain). This approach allowed identification of areas and magnitude of flooding that were not captured by other methods, including direct observations from flyovers, and to demarcate flow pathways in the delta. We demonstrate water isotope tracers as an efficient and effective monitoring tool for delineating spatial extent and magnitude of an important hydrological process and elucidating connectivity in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, an approach that can be readily adopted at other floodplain landscapes. OI Remmer, Casey/0000-0003-2626-3012 SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 34 IS 2 BP 303 EP 320 DI 10.1002/hyp.13585 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500456400001 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zhou, HM Cai, JY Song, CW Shi, LZ AF Wang, Yang Zhou, Huoming Cai, Jingyong Song, Congwen Shi, Linzhao TI Species abundance distribution models of Toona ciliata communities in Hubei Province, China SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH AB The study of plant species abundance distribution (SAD) in natural communities is of considerable importance to understand the processes and ecological rules of community assembly. With the distribution of tree, shrub and herb layers of eight natural communities of Toona ciliata as research targets, three different ecological niche models were used: broken stick model, overlapping niche model and niche preemption model, as well as three statistical models: log-series distribution model, log-normal distribution model and Weibull distribution model, to fit SAD of the different vegetation layers based on data collected. Goodness-of-fit was compared with Chi square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The results show: (1) based on the criteria of the lowest AIC value, Chi square value and K-S value with no significant difference (p > 0.05) between theoretic and observed SADs. The suitability and goodness-of-fit of the broken stick model was the best of three ecological niche models. The log-series distribution model did not accept the fitted results of most vegetation layers and had the lowest goodness-of-fit. The Weibull distribution model had the best goodness-of-fit for SADs. Overall, the statistical SADs performed better than the ecological ones. (2) T. ciliata was the dominant species in all the communities; species richness and diversity of herbs were the highest of the vegetation layers, while the diversities of the tree layers were slightly higher than the shrub layers; there were fewer common species and more rare species in the eight communities. The herb layers had the highest community evenness, followed by the shrub and the tree layers. Due to the complexity and habitat diversity of the different T. ciliata communities, comprehensive analyses of a variety of SADs and tests for optimal models together with management, are practical steps to enhance understanding of ecological processes and mechanisms of T. ciliata communities, to detect disturbances, and to facilitate biodiversity and species conservation. SN 1007-662X EI 1993-0607 DI 10.1007/s11676-019-01071-z EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500614700001 ER PT J AU Xiong, QL Halmy, MWA Dakhil, MA Pandey, B Zhang, FY Zhang, L Pan, KW Li, T Sun, XM Wu, XG Xiao, Y AF Xiong, Qinli Halmy, Marwa Waseem A. Dakhil, Mohammed A. Pandey, Bikram Zhang, Fengying Zhang, Lin Pan, Kaiwen Li, Ting Sun, Xiaoming Wu, Xiaogang Xiao, Yang TI Concealed truth: Modeling reveals unique Quaternary distribution dynamics and refugia of four related endemic keystone Abies taxa on the Tibetan Plateau SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Understanding the factors driving the Quaternary distribution of Abies in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial for biodiversity conservation and for predicting future anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems. Here, we collected Quaternary paleo-, palynological, and phylogeographical records from across the TP and applied ecological niche models (ENMs) to obtain a profound understanding of the different adaptation strategies and distributional changes in Abies trees in this unique area. We identified environmental variables affecting the different historical biogeographies of four related endemic Abies taxa and rebuilt their distribution patterns over different time periods, starting from the late Pleistocene. In addition, modeling and phylogeographic results were used to predict suitable refugia for Abies forrestii, A. forrestii var. georgei, A. fargesii var. faxoniana, and A. recurvata. We supplemented the ENMs by investigating pollen records and diversity patterns of cpDNA for them. The overall reconstructed distributions of these Abies taxa were dramatically different when the late Pleistocene was compared with the present. All Abies taxa gradually receded from the south toward the north in the last glacial maximum (LGM). The outcomes showed two well-differentiated distributions: A. fargesii var. faxoniana and A. recurvata occurred throughout the Longmen refuge, a temporary refuge for the LGM, while the other two Abies taxa were distributed throughout the Heqing refuge. Both the seasonality of precipitation and the mean temperature of the driest quarter played decisive roles in driving the distribution of A. fargesii var. faxoniana and A. recurvata, respectively; the annual temperature range was also a key variable that explained the distribution patterns of the other two Abies taxa. Different adaptation strategies of trees may thus explain the differing patterns of distribution over time at the TP revealed here for endemic Abies taxa. RI Halmy, Marwa/B-5029-2014; Xiong, Qinli/Y-7212-2018 OI Halmy, Marwa/0000-0002-4183-973X; Xiong, Qinli/0000-0003-3827-3437; Pandey, Bikram/0000-0003-2592-1466 SN 2045-7758 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 24 BP 14295 EP 14316 DI 10.1002/ece3.5866 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500456700001 PM 31938520 ER PT J AU Zhao, LP Cui, Z Liu, Y Chang, XF Wu, GL AF Zhao, Ling-Ping Cui, Zeng Liu, Yu Chang, Xiaofeng Wu, Gao-Lin TI Grazing exclusion erodes the forbs functional group without altering offspring recruitment composition in a typical steppe SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT AB The underlying mechanism of grazing exclusion on grassland community structure and dynamics may be determined by offspring recruitment. However, little is known about the role of plant functional groups in community recruitment. A chronosequence of grazing-excluded grasslands was selected to analyze the aboveground community composition and offspring recruitment based on plant functional groups. Grazing exclusion significantly increased grasses biomass (111.7-480.7%), height (95.6-241.8%), and coverage (84.8-148.5%) and decreased grasses density (10.2-59.7%). Grazing exclusion eroded total species richness (13.2-25.0%) and forbs richness (16.6-39.4%). Grazing exclusion shifted the dominance from forbs to grasses. Grasses functional group (GFG) determined community structure, but forbs functional group (FFG) regulated species diversity in typical steppe. Clonal recruitment played a decisive role in the community regeneration, especially tiller recruit mode by GFG. Grazing exclusion had different effects on offspring recruitment of grasses and FFG. Total asexual, grasses asexual, and tiller offspring density both first significantly increased and then significantly decreased with grazing exclusion time. Forbs asexual offspring density did not significantly decrease in 10- and 20-year grazing exclusion grasslands but significantly reduced after 30 years. Change in community dominance caused by grazing or grazing exclusion did not alter the tiller recruitment dominance in this area. Our results indicate that grazing exclusion presents a negative effect on community regeneration and biodiversity conservation in the studied typical steppe. OI Wu, Gao-Lin/0000-0002-5449-7134; chang, xiao feng/0000-0002-8054-220X SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X DI 10.1002/ldr.3485 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500528300001 ER PT J AU Doretto, A Bona, F Falasco, E Morandini, D Piano, E Fenoglio, S AF Doretto, Alberto Bona, Francesca Falasco, Elisa Morandini, Daniele Piano, Elena Fenoglio, Stefano TI Stay with the flow: How macroinvertebrate communities recover during the rewetting phase in Alpine streams affected by an exceptional drought SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS AB Droughts are affecting an increasing number of lotic ecosystems worldwide due to the combined effects of climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Unlike naturally intermittent rivers, where the drying phase is a part of the annual flow regime, water scarcity in Alpine rivers represents a relatively recent phenomenon and, therefore, a major threat for the biodiversity of these lotic ecosystems. However, Alpine stream community response to drought is still poorly investigated. Here, we assess the recovery of macroinvertebrates in two Alpine streams after a supraseasonal drought. As water returned, a total of 10 sampling sessions were carried out, and temporal patterns in diversity, density, and taxonomic composition of benthic communities, as well as in the percentage of functional feeding groups, were investigated. We found that the resistance of invertebrate communities in Alpine streams is generally low: drought markedly reduced the diversity and density of macroinvertebrates. Conversely, our results suggest that the passive dispersal by drift from the upstream river sections seems the most probable mechanism promoting the post-drought recovery. Nevertheless, this resilience ability appears to be stream specific and influenced by intrinsic stream characteristics, including the flow permanence and distance from the nearest upstream perennial reach. This work sheds light on the ecological consequences of droughts on macroinvertebrate communities. As flow intermittency in Alpine areas is expected to intensify under current global change scenarios, results of this study provide important information to predict changes in the taxonomic composition and diversity of macroinvertebrate communities. OI Bona, Francesca/0000-0003-2260-8001 SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 36 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1002/rra.3563 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500459500001 ER PT J AU Nicholson, CC Ward, KL Williams, NM Isaacs, R Mason, KS Wilson, JK Brokaw, J Gut, LJ Rothwell, NL Wood, TJ Rao, S Hoffman, GD Gibbs, J Thorp, RW Ricketts, TH AF Nicholson, Charlie C. Ward, Kimiora L. Williams, Neal M. Isaacs, Rufus Mason, Keith S. Wilson, Julianne K. Brokaw, Julia Gut, Larry J. Rothwell, Nikki L. Wood, Thomas J. Rao, Sujaya Hoffman, George D. Gibbs, Jason Thorp, Robbin W. Ricketts, Taylor H. TI Mismatched outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services: testing the responses of crop pollinators and wild bee biodiversity to habitat enhancement SO ECOLOGY LETTERS AB Supporting ecosystem services and conserving biodiversity may be compatible goals, but there is concern that service-focused interventions mostly benefit a few common species. We use a spatially replicated, multiyear experiment in four agricultural settings to test if enhancing habitat adjacent to crops increases wild bee diversity and abundance on and off crops. We found that enhanced field edges harbored more taxonomically and functionally abundant, diverse, and compositionally different bee communities compared to control edges. Enhancements did not increase the abundance or diversity of bees visiting crops, indicating that the supply of pollination services was unchanged following enhancement. We find that actions to promote crop pollination improve multiple dimensions of biodiversity, underscoring their conservation value, but these benefits may not be spilling over to crops. More work is needed to identify the conditions that promote effective co-management of biodiversity and ecosystem services. SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 23 IS 2 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1111/ele.13435 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500277200001 PM 31797535 ER PT J AU Koh, JH Park, EK Lee, HN Kim, Y Kim, GT Suh, YS Kim, HO Lee, SG AF Koh, Jung Hee Park, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Han-Na Kim, Yunkyung Kim, Geun-Tae Suh, Young Sun Kim, Hyun-Ok Lee, Seung-Geun TI Clinical characteristics and survival of 413 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in southeastern areas of South Korea: A multicenter retrospective cohort study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES AB Aims To investigate demographic, clinical, laboratory, and immunological characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in southeastern areas of South Korea, and to perform survival analysis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 413 patients with SLE diagnosed in 3 tertiary rheumatology centers in South Korea from 1992 to 2016 by reviewing their medical charts. All patients fulfilled the 1997 revised American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE. Results Most patients were women (92%), and the mean (+/- standard deviation) age at diagnosis was 30.9 (+/- 12.9) years. The most common clinical manifestation was leukopenia (74.3%), followed by lymphopenia (73.6%), arthritis (59.1%), malar rash (48.4%), thrombocytopenia (46.5%), oral ulcer (35.1%), and biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (31.2%). Anti-nuclear, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Smith, and anti-Ro antibodies were positive in 97.8%, 70.1%, 38.4%, and 63% of patients, respectively. Twenty (4.8%) patients died during a median follow-up of 83 months, and the cumulative 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 96.9% and 95.5%, respectively. The major causes of death were infection (50%) and lupus flare-up (50%). Male (hazards ratio [HR] = 7.19, P = .001), pleuritis and/or pericarditis (HR = 3.28, P = .012), childhood-onset (HR = 3.57, P = .012), and late-onset (HR = 4.65, P = .011) were independent risk factors for death. Compared with SLE cohorts in other ethnicities or countries, our patients tended to have a higher frequency of anti-Ro antibodies and hematologic disorders. Conclusion This study describes clinical features of SLE in South Korea and suggests a remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity of SLE. OI Koh, Jung Hee/0000-0002-6617-1449 SN 1756-1841 EI 1756-185X PD JAN PY 2020 VL 23 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1111/1756-185X.13761 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500506900001 PM 31802639 ER PT J AU Paiman, EHM van Eyk, HJ van Aalst, MMA Bizino, MB van der Geest, RJ Westenberg, JJM Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, PH Kharagjitsingh, AV Rensen, PCN Smit, JWA Jazet, IM Lamb, HJ AF Paiman, Elisabeth H. M. van Eyk, Huub J. van Aalst, Minke M. A. Bizino, Maurice B. van der Geest, Rob J. Westenberg, Jos J. M. Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, Petronella H. Kharagjitsingh, Aan V. Rensen, Patrick C. N. Smit, Johannes W. A. Jazet, Ingrid M. Lamb, Hildo J. TI Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Function and Myocardial Tissue Characteristics in Type 2 Diabetes Patients of South Asian Descent Living in the Netherlands: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AB Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide may be beneficial in the regression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. South Asian ethnic groups in particular are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Purpose To assess the effects of liraglutide on left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function in South Asian type 2 diabetes patients. Study Type Prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Population Forty-seven type 2 diabetes patients of South Asian ancestry living in the Netherlands, with or without ischemic heart disease, who were randomly assigned to 26-week treatment with liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) or placebo. Field Strength/Sequence 3T (balanced steady-state free precession cine MRI, 2D and 4D velocity-encoded MRI, H-1-MRS, T-1 mapping). Assessment Primary endpoints were changes in LV diastolic function (early deceleration peak [Edec], ratio of early and late peak filling rate [E/A], estimated LV filling pressure [E/Ea]) and LV systolic function (ejection fraction). Secondary endpoints were changes in aortic stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity [PWV]), myocardial steatosis (myocardial triglyceride content), and diffuse fibrosis (extracellular volume [ECV]). Statistical Tests Data were analyzed according to intention-to-treat. Between-group differences were reported as mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) and were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results Liraglutide (n = 22) compared with placebo (n = 25) did not change Edec (+0.2 mL/s(2) x 10(-3) (-0.3;0.6)), E/A (-0.09 (-0.23;0.05)), E/Ea (+0.1 (-1.2;1.3)) and ejection fraction (0% (-3;2)), but decreased stroke volume (-9 mL (-14;-5)) and increased heart rate (+10 bpm (4;15)). Aortic PWV (+0.5 m/s (-0.6;1.6)), myocardial triglyceride content (+0.21% (-0.09;0.51)), and ECV (-0.2% (-1.4;1.0)) were unaltered. Data Conclusion Liraglutide did not affect LV diastolic and systolic function, aortic stiffness, myocardial triglyceride content, or extracellular volume in Dutch South Asian type 2 diabetes patients with or without coronary artery disease. Technical Efficacy Stage: 4 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019. SN 1053-1807 EI 1522-2586 DI 10.1002/jmri.27009 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500407400001 PM 31799782 ER PT J AU Hsieh, CH Huang, CG Wu, WJ Wang, HY AF Hsieh, Chia-Hung Huang, Chin-Gi Wu, Wen-Jer Wang, Hurng-Yi TI A rapid insect species identification system using mini-barcode pyrosequencing SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AB BACKGROUND Rapid and accurate species identification is not only important for biodiversity studies and pest quarantine and management, but in some cases may also influence the results of international trade negotiations. In this study, we developed a rapid species identification system for insects. RESULTS A universal DNA mini-barcode primer pair was designed to target similar to 120 bp of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. This primer set can amplify the targeted region from all 300 species of 26 insect orders tested as well as other classes of Arthropoda. Although we found no within-species variation in this region, it provided enough information to separate closely related species or species complexes, in particular Thrips spp. and Bemisia spp. By combining a quick DNA extraction method with pyrosequencing, we were able to generate DNA sequences and complete species identification within 5 h. CONCLUSION Mini-barcode pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA coupled with the GenBank database provides a rapid, accurate, and efficient species identification system. This system is therefore useful for biodiversity discovery, forensic identification, and quarantine control and management. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 DI 10.1002/ps.5674 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500457100001 PM 31696604 ER PT J AU Raj, G Shadab, M Deka, S Das, M Baruah, J Bharali, R Talukdar, NC AF Raj, Garima Shadab, Mohammad Deka, Sujata Das, Manashi Baruah, Jilmil Bharali, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Narayan C. TI Seed interior microbiome of rice genotypes indigenous to three agroecosystems of Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot SO BMC GENOMICS AB Background: Seeds of plants are a confirmation of their next generation and come associated with a unique microbia community. Vertical transmission of this microbiota signifies the importance of these organisms for a healthy seedling and thus a healthier next generation for both symbionts. Seed endophytic bacterial community composition is guided by plant genotype and many environmental factors. In north-east India, within a narrow geographical region, several indigenous rice genotypes are cultivated across broad agroecosystems having standing water in fields ranging from 0-2 m during their peak growth stage. Here we tried to trap the effect of rice genotypes and agroecosystems where they are cultivated on the rice seed microbiota. We used culturable and metagenomics approaches to explore the seed endophytic bacterial diversity of seven rice genotypes (8 replicate hills) grown across three agroecosystems. Results: From seven growth media, 16 different species of culturable EB were isolated. A predictive metabolic pathway analysis of the EB showed the presence of many plant growth promoting traits such as siroheme synthesis, nitrate reduction, phosphate acquisition, etc. Vitamin B12 biosynthesis restricted to bacteria and archaea; pathways were also detected in the EB of two landraces. Analysis of 522,134 filtered metagenomic sequencing reads obtained from seed samples (n=56) gave 4061 OTUs. Alpha diversity indices showed significant differences in observed OTU richness (P <= 0.05) across genotypes. Significant differences were also found between the individual hills of a rice genotype. PCoA analysis exhibited three separate clusters and revealed the clusters separated based on genotype, while agroecosystem showed a minimal effect on the variation of seed microbiota (adonis, R-2 = 0.07, P=0.024). Interestingly, animal gut resident bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, etc. were found in abundance as members of the seed microbiota. Conclusion: Overall, our study demonstrates, indigenous rice genotypes of north-east India have a unique blend of endophytic bacteria in their mature seeds. While there are notable variations among plants of the same genotype, we found similarities among genotypes cultivated in completely different environmental conditions. The beta diversity variations across the seven rice genotypes were significantly shaped by their genotype rather than their agroecosystems. SN 1471-2164 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 20 IS 1 AR 924 DI 10.1186/s12864-019-6334-5 UT WOS:000508014500003 PM 31795935 ER PT J AU Tapia, PI Negoita, L Gibbs, JP Jaramillo, P AF Tapia, Patricia Isabela Negoita, Luka Gibbs, James P. Jaramillo, Patricia TI Effectiveness of water-saving technologies during early stages of restoration of endemic Opuntia cacti in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador SO PEERJ AB Restoration of keystone species is a primary strategy used to combat biodiversity loss and recover ecological services. This is particularly true for oceanic islands, which despite their small land mass, host a large fraction of the planet's imperiled species. The endemic Opuntia spp. cacti are one example and a major focus for restoration in the Galapagos archipelago, Ecuador. These cacti are keystone species that support much of the unique vertebrate animal community in arid zones, yet human activities have substantially reduced Opuntia populations. Extreme aridity poses an obstacle for quickly restoring Opuntia populations though water-saving technologies may provide a solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate current restoration efforts and the utility of two water-saving technologies as tools for the early stages of restoring Opuntia populations in the Galapagos archipelago. We planted 1,425 seedlings between 2013 and 2018, of which 66% had survived by the end of 2018. Compared with no-technology controls, seedlings planted with Groasis Waterboxx (R) water-saving technology (polypropylene trays with water reservoir and protective refuge for germinants) had a greater rate of survival in their first two-years of growth on one island (Plaza Sur) and greater growth rate on four islands whereas the "Cocoon" water-saving technology (similar technology but made of biodegradable fiber) did not affect growth and actually reduced seedling survival. Survival and growth rate were also influenced by vegetation zone, elevation, and precipitation in ways largely contingent on island. Overall, our findings suggest that water-saving technologies are not always universally applicable but can substantially increase the survival and growth rate of seedlings in certain conditions, providing in some circumstances a useful tool for improving restoration outcomes for rare plants of arid ecosystems. SN 2167-8359 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 7 AR e8156 DI 10.7717/peerj.8156 UT WOS:000502038200005 PM 31824769 ER PT J AU Astudillo, MF Vaillancourt, K Pineau, PO Amor, B AF Astudillo, Miguel Fernandez Vaillancourt, Kathleen Pineau, Pierre-Olivier Amor, Ben TI Human Health and Ecosystem Impacts of Deep Decarbonization of the Energy System SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB Global warming mitigation strategies are likely to affect human health and biodiversity through diverse cause-effect mechanisms. To analyze these effects, we implement a methodology to link TIMES energy models with life cycle assessment using open-source software. The proposed method uses a cutoff to identify the most relevant processes. These processes have their efficiencies, fuel mixes, and emission factors updated to be consistent with the TIMES model. The use of a cutoff criterion reduces exponentially the number of connection points between models, facilitating the analysis of scenarios with a large number of technologies involved. The method is used to assess the potential effects of deploying low-carbon technologies to reduce combustion emissions in the province of Quebec (Canada). In the case of Quebec, the reduction of combustion emissions is largely achieved through electrification of energy services. Global warming mitigation efforts reduce the impact on human health and ecosystem quality, mainly because of lower global warming, water scarcity, and metal contamination impacts. The TIMES model alone underestimated the reduction of CO2eq by 21% with respect to a full account of emissions. OI F. Astudillo, Miguel/0000-0002-5651-2895 SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 53 IS 23 BP 14054 EP 14062 DI 10.1021/acs.est.9b04923 UT WOS:000500838900053 PM 31693360 ER PT J AU Thabrew, H D'Silva, S Darragh, M Goldfinch, M Meads, J Goodyear-Smith, F AF Thabrew, Hiran D'Silva, Simona Darragh, Margot Goldfinch, Mary Meads, Jake Goodyear-Smith, Felicity TI Comparison of YouthCHAT, an Electronic Composite Psychosocial Screener, With a Clinician Interview Assessment for Young People: Randomized Controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH AB Background: Psychosocial problems such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse are common and burdensome in young people. In New Zealand, screening for such problems is undertaken routinely only with year 9 students in low-decile schools and opportunistically in pediatric settings using a nonvalidated and time-consuming clinician-administered Home, Education, Eating, Activities, Drugs and Alcohol, Sexuality, Suicide and Depression, Safety (HEEADSSS) interview. The Youth version, Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool (YouthCHAT) is a relatively new, locally developed, electronic tablet-based composite screener for identifying similar psychosocial issues to HEEADSSS Objective: This study aimed to compare the performance and acceptability of YouthCHAT with face-to-face HEEADSSS assessment among 13-year-old high school students. Methods: A counterbalanced randomized trial of YouthCHAT screening either before or after face-to-face HEEADSSS assessment was undertaken with 129 13-year-old New Zealand high school students of predominantly M on and Pacific Island ethnicity. Main outcome measures were comparability of YouthCHAT and HEEADSSS completion times, detection rates, and acceptability to students and school nurses. Results: YouthCHAT screening was more than twice as fast as HEEADSSS assessment (mean 8.57 min vs mean 17.22 min; mean difference 8 min 25 seconds [range 6 min 20 seconds to 11 min 10 seconds]; P<.01) and detected more issues overall on comparable domains For substance misuse and problems at home, both instruments were roughly comparable. YouthCHAT detected significantly more problems with eating or body image perception (70/110, 63.6% vs 25/110, 22.7%; P<.01), sexual health (24/110, 21.8% vs 10/110, 9.1%; P=.01), safety (65/110, 59.1% vs 17/110, 15.5%; P<.01), and physical inactivity (43/110, 39.1% vs 21/110, 19.1%; P<.01). HEEADSSS had a greater rate of detection for a broader set of mental health issues (30/110, 27%) than YouthCHAT (11/110, 10%; P=.001), which only assessed clinically relevant anxiety and depression. Assessment order made no significant difference to the duration of assessment or to the rates of YouthCHAT-detected positive screens for anxiety and depression. There were no significant differences in student acceptability survey results between the two assessments. Nurses identified that students found YouthCHAT easy to answer and that it helped students answer face-to-face questions, especially those of a sensitive nature. Difficulties encountered with YouthCHAT included occasional Wi-Fi connectivity and student literacy issues. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence regarding the shorter administration time, detection rates, and acceptability of YouthCHAT as a school-based psychosocial screener for young people. Although further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in other age and ethnic groups, YouthCHAT shows promise for aiding earlier identification and treatment of common psychosocial problems in young people, including possible use as part of an annual, school-based, holistic health check. RI Goodyear-Smith, Felicity/K-2538-2017 OI Goodyear-Smith, Felicity/0000-0002-6657-9401; D'Silva, Simona/0000-0001-6847-4956; Darragh, Margot/0000-0002-7010-1515; Thabrew, Hiran/0000-0002-8755-6217 SN 1438-8871 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 21 IS 12 AR e13911 DI 10.2196/13911 UT WOS:000500980400001 PM 31793890 ER PT J AU Colombo, EH Martinez-Garcia, R Lopez, C Hernandez-Garcia, E AF Colombo, Eduardo H. Martinez-Garcia, Ricardo Lopez, Cristobal Hernandez-Garcia, Emilio TI Spatial eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediate coexistence in prey-predator systems SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Eco-evolutionary frameworks can explain certain features of communities in which ecological and evolutionary processes occur over comparable timescales. Here, we investigate whether an evolutionary dynamics may interact with the spatial structure of a prey-predator community in which both species show limited mobility and predator perceptual ranges are subject to natural selection. In these conditions, our results unveil an eco-evolutionary feedback between species spatial mixing and predators perceptual range: different levels of mixing select for different perceptual ranges, which in turn reshape the spatial distribution of prey and its interaction with predators. This emergent pattern of interspecific interactions feeds back to the efficiency of the various perceptual ranges, thus selecting for new ones. Finally, since prey-predator mixing is the key factor that regulates the intensity of predation, we explore the community-level implications of such feedback and show that it controls both coexistence times and species extinction probabilities. RI Hernandez-Garcia, Emilio/B-1271-2008; Martinez-Garcia, Ricardo/J-4836-2013; Lopez, Cristobal/R-5410-2018 OI Hernandez-Garcia, Emilio/0000-0002-9568-8287; Martinez-Garcia, Ricardo/0000-0003-2765-8147; Lopez, Cristobal/0000-0002-3445-4284 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18161 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54510-6 UT WOS:000501238200001 PM 31796799 ER PT J AU Neves, IQ Mathias, MD Bastos-Silveira, C AF Neves, Isabel Queiros Mathias, Maria da Luz Bastos-Silveira, Cristiane TI Mapping Knowledge Gaps of Mozambique's Terrestrial Mammals SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB A valuable strategy to support conservation planning is to assess knowledge gaps regarding primary species occurrence data to identify and select areas for future biodiversity surveys. Currently, increasing accessibility to these data allows a cost-effective method for boosting knowledge about a country's biodiversity. For understudied countries where the lack of resources for conservation is more pronounced to resort to primary biodiversity data can be especially beneficial. Here, using a primary species occurrence dataset, we assessed and mapped Mozambique's knowledge gaps regarding terrestrial mammal species by identifying areas that are geographically distant and environmentally different from well-known sites. By comparing gaps from old and recent primary species occurrence data, we identified: (i) gaps of knowledge over time, (ii) the lesser-known taxa, and (iii) areas with potential for spatiotemporal studies. Our results show that the inventory of Mozambique's mammal fauna is near-complete in less than 5% of the territory, with broad areas of the country poorly sampled or not sampled at all. The knowledge gap areas are mostly associated with two ecoregions. The provinces lacking documentation coincide with areas over-explored for natural resources, and many such sites may never be documented. It is our understanding that by prioritising the survey of the knowledge-gap areas will likely produce new records for the country and, continuing the study of the well-known regions will guarantee their potential use for spatiotemporal studies. The implemented approach to assess the knowledge gaps from primary species occurrence data proved to be a powerful strategy to generate information that is essential to species conservation and management plan. However, we are aware that the impact of digital and openly available data depends mostly on its completeness and accuracy, and thus we encourage action from the scientific community and government authorities to support and promote data mobilisation. RI Mathias, Maria da Luz/V-9931-2018; Neves, Isabel/AAE-2333-2019 OI Mathias, Maria da Luz/0000-0003-3876-958X; Bastos-Silveira, Cristiane/0000-0001-8249-9383; Neves, Isabel/0000-0002-1545-1512 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18184 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54590-4 UT WOS:000501294000001 PM 31796808 ER PT J AU Porter, TM Morris, DM Basiliko, N Hajibabaei, M Doucet, D Bowman, S Emilson, EJS Emilson, CE Chartrand, D Wainio-Keizer, K Seguin, A Venier, L AF Porter, Teresita M. Morris, Dave M. Basiliko, Nathan Hajibabaei, Mehrdad Doucet, Daniel Bowman, Susan Emilson, Erik J. S. Emilson, Caroline E. Chartrand, Derek Wainio-Keizer, Kerrie Seguin, Armand Venier, Lisa TI Variations in terrestrial arthropod DNA metabarcoding methods recovers robust beta diversity but variable richness and site indicators SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Terrestrial arthropod fauna have been suggested as a key indicator of ecological integrity in forest systems. Because phenotypic identification is expert-limited, a shift towards DNA metabarcoding could improve scalability and democratize the use of forest floor arthropods for biomonitoring applications. The objective of this study was to establish the level of field sampling and DNA extraction replication needed for arthropod biodiversity assessments from soil. Processing 15 individually collected soil samples recovered significantly higher median richness (488-614 sequence variants) than pooling the same number of samples (165-191 sequence variants) prior to DNA extraction, and we found no significant richness differences when using 1 or 3 pooled DNA extractions. Beta diversity was robust to changes in methodological regimes. Though our ability to identify taxa to species rank was limited, we were able to use arthropod COI metabarcodes from forest soil to assess richness, distinguish among sites, and recover site indicators based on unnamed exact sequence variants. Our results highlight the need to continue DNA barcoding local taxa during COI metabarcoding studies to help build reference databases. All together, these sampling considerations support the use of soil arthropod COI metabarcoding as a scalable method for biomonitoring. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18218 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54532-0 UT WOS:000501239900001 PM 31796780 ER PT J AU Romanuk, TN Binzer, A Loeuille, N Carscallen, WMA Martinez, ND AF Romanuk, Tamara N. Binzer, Amrei Loeuille, Nicolas Carscallen, W. Mather A. Martinez, Neo D. TI Simulated evolution assembles more realistic food webs with more functionally similar species than invasion SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB While natural communities are assembled by both ecological and evolutionary processes, ecological assembly processes have been studied much more and are rarely compared with evolutionary assembly processes. We address these disparities here by comparing community food webs assembled by simulating introductions of species from regional pools of species and from speciation events. Compared to introductions of trophically dissimilar species assumed to be more typical of invasions, introducing species trophically similar to native species assumed to be more typical of sympatric or parapatric speciation events caused fewer extinctions and assembled more empirically realistic networks by introducing more persistent species with higher trophic generality, vulnerability, and enduring similarity to native species. Such events also increased niche overlap and the persistence of both native and introduced species. Contrary to much competition theory, these findings suggest that evolutionary and other processes that more tightly pack ecological niches contribute more to ecosystem structure and function than previously thought. RI Martinez, Neo D/A-5312-2008 OI Martinez, Neo D/0000-0002-1130-5550 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18242 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54443-0 UT WOS:000501229500001 PM 31796765 ER PT J AU Lanner, J Kratschmer, S Petrovic, B Gaulhofer, F Meimberg, H Pachinger, B AF Lanner, Julia Kratschmer, Sophie Petrovic, Bozana Gaulhofer, Felix Meimberg, Harald Pachinger, Baerbel TI City dwelling wild bees: how communal gardens promote species richness SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS AB Urban areas consist of wide expanses of impervious surfaces which are known to negatively affect insect biodiversity in general, but green spaces within cities have the potential to provide necessary habitat and foraging resources. Although, communal gardens were primarily intended to provide fresh, regional food to denizens, these green islands also host a surprisingly high number of wild bee species. The gardens were characterized based on structural elements such as flower frequency, the relative percentage of lawn, trees, shrubs, planted crops and infrastructure (e.g. seating possibilities or garden houses). Further, the effects of different landscape structures surrounding the gardens and distance to the city center were analyzed on the total wild bee species richness and functional traits. Focusing on these putative influencing factors, statistical analyses calculating random decision forests along with generalized linear mixed models were applied. With 113 observed wild bee species, communal gardens provide habitat for a quarter of all known species in Vienna. In conclusion, results revealed that only elements within the gardens had an effect on species richness, with flower frequency as the major positive driver. The examined communal gardens promote and conserve wild bees independent from the location within the city or garden size. Furthermore, these green patches are important sanctuaries, hosting rare and threatened species as well as remarkably special wild bee communities. RI Kratschmer, Sophie/AAD-4143-2020 OI Lanner, Julia/0000-0003-0540-5309 SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 DI 10.1007/s11252-019-00902-5 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500286000001 ER PT J AU Yan, JL Zhou, WQ Zheng, Z Wang, J Tian, YY AF Yan, Jingli Zhou, Weiqi Zheng, Zhong Wang, Jia Tian, Yunyu TI Characterizing variations of greenspace landscapes in relation to neighborhood characteristics in urban residential area of Beijing, China SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AB Content Urban residential greenspace is considerably contributing to sustainable cities and residents' well-being. An increasing number of studies have examined the greenspace inequalities and species biodiversity in relation to social theories in private gardens of US and European cities; however, much less studied is landscape configurations, especially in rapidly urbanizing cities like Beijing, China. Objectives To demonstrate the fine-scale landscape variations of residential greenspace in Beijing urban area, and also to examine the main predictors of neighborhood characteristics on greenspace landscapes. Methods A greenmap of Beijing urban area was first derived from Pleiades-1A images, then residential greenspace landscapes were examined using six landscape metrics, finally correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed to explore the relationships of greenspace landscape metrics and neighborhood characteristics. Results The neighborhood characteristics are affecting residential greenspace of Beijing city. The neighborhoods with more and fragmented green coverage, complex patch shape and higher patch size variations are generally more aged, more distant to the city center and have lower plot-ratios. A distance of one additional kilometer to city center increases the vegetation coverage by 0.16% and the mean patch size by 10.17 m(2). A neighborhood of one year older increases the patch density by 8.69. Moreover, one unit higher plot-ratio reduces the edge density by 5.66, and the patch size coefficient of variation by 7.03. Conclusions Urban structure affects residential landscapes, and greenspace management approaches applied to optimize urban human well-being should integrate urban/landscape ecology with residential architecture. SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 DI 10.1007/s10980-019-00943-3 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500474700001 ER PT J AU Vargas-Amado, G Castro-Castro, A Harker, M Vargas-Amado, ME Villasenor, JL Ortiz, E Rodriguez, A AF Vargas-Amado, Georgina Castro-Castro, Arturo Harker, Mollie Vargas-Amado, Maria Elena Villasenor, Jose Luis Ortiz, Enrique Rodriguez, Aaron TI Western Mexico is a priority area for the conservation of Cosmos (Coreopsideae, Asteraceae), based on richness and track analysis SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION AB Mexico ranks fourth worldwide for its number of species of vascular plants; however, insufficient area has been marked for conservation as Protected Natural Areas (PNAs); 176 PNAs represent 12% of the total surface and encompass only a small portion of the Mexican endemic species. Strategies for setting up conservation zones are often based on identifying biodiversity hotspots to preserve the maximum number of species with the most efficient use of funds. Here we used the richness analysis by grid method based on herbarium specimens to locate zones with a high richness of Cosmos taxa (species and their varieties). Because this approach can lead to omission error, we also obtained an Ecological Niche Model (ENM) for each Cosmos taxon to perform a richness analysis by grid and locate sites with suitable conditions for supporting the most Cosmos taxa. We conducted a panbiogeographic analysis to locate biogeographical nodes, sites of great geobiotic complexity. Western Mexico was thus identified as the highest priority for Cosmos conservation; it has the greatest richness and most suitable conditions for Cosmos and has great biotic complexity. Although one of the largest Mexican PNAs is located in this region, some species with restricted distribution do not occur within this Protected Natural Area (PNA); therefore, a southwest extension of this PNA is proposed. OI Villasenor, Jose Luis/0000-0002-0781-8548 SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 DI 10.1007/s10531-019-01898-2 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499991400001 ER PT J AU Velasco-Gonzalez, I Sanchez-Jimenez, A Singer, D Murciano, A Diez-Hermano, S Lara, E Martin-Cereceda, M AF Velasco-Gonzalez, Ismael Sanchez-Jimenez, Abel Singer, David Murciano, Antonio Diez-Hermano, Sergio Lara, Enrique Martin-Cereceda, Mercedes TI Rain-Fed Granite Rock Basins Accumulate a High Diversity of Dormant Microbial Eukaryotes SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AB Rain fed granite rock basins are ancient geological landforms of worldwide distribution and structural simplicity. They support habitats that can switch quickly from terrestrial to aquatic along the year. Diversity of animals and plants, and the connexion between communities in different basins have been widely explored in these habitats, but hardly any research has been carried out on microorganisms. The aim of this study is to provide the first insights on the diversity of eukaryotic microbial communities from these environments. Due to the ephemeral nature of these aquatic environments, we predict that the granitic basins should host a high proportion of dormant microeukaryotes. Based on an environmental DNA diversity survey, we reveal diverse communities with representatives of all major eukaryotic taxonomic supergroups, mainly composed of a diverse pool of low abundance OTUs. Basin communities were very distinctive, with alpha and beta diversity patterns non-related to basin size or spatial distance respectively. Dissimilarity between basins was mainly characterised by turnover of OTUs. The strong microbial eukaryotic heterogeneity observed among the basins may be explained by a complex combination of deterministic factors (diverging environment in the basins), spatial constraints, and randomness including founder effects. Most interestingly, communities contain organisms that cannot coexist at the same time because of incompatible metabolic requirements, thus suggesting the existence of a pool of dormant organisms whose activity varies along with the changing environment. These organisms accumulate in the pools, which turns granitic rock into high biodiversity microbial islands whose conservation and study deserve further attention. OI Diez-Hermano, Sergio/0000-0003-3830-7297; Singer, David/0000-0002-4116-033X SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X DI 10.1007/s00248-019-01463-y EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500278300002 PM 31796996 ER PT J AU Rebolo-Ifran, N di Virgilio, A Lambertucci, SA AF Rebolo-Ifran, Natalia di Virgilio, Agustina Lambertucci, Sergio A. TI Drivers of bird-window collisions in southern South America: a two- scale assessment applying citizen science SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Bird-window collisions are one of the main causes of avian mortality worldwide, with estimations reaching up to almost one billion of dead individuals annually due to this cause in Canada and the USA alone. Although this is a growing conservation problem, most of the studies come from North America, evidencing the lack of knowledge and concern in countries with high biodiversity and growing population development. Our objectives were: (1) to estimate the current situation of bird-window collisions in Argentina, a country with around 10% of the world's avian biodiversity, and, (2) to identify drivers of bird-window collisions at a national and local scale, focusing on a city surrounded by a protected area. We used a citizen science project called "Bird-Window Collisions in Argentina" that consisted of an online survey that collected data on collision metrics and risk factors. We found that more than half of participants reported at least one collision during the last year, suggesting this issue is common and widespread. In addition, our data show that the number of windows and the presence of vegetation reflected in windows are factors that strongly influence the risk of collision at national scale. On the other hand, the environment surrounding buildings affects the rate of bird-window collisions at local scale, being greater in buildings surrounded by tall vegetation than in buildings surrounded by a greater proportion of urbanization (human-made structures). We call for attention on a topic that has been poorly evaluated in South America. We also encourage future scientific studies to evaluate additional risk factors and mitigation strategies accordingly, to provide a better understanding of bird-window collisions particularly in a highly biodiverse region as South America. SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 3 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18148 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54351-3 UT WOS:000500815000001 PM 31796795 ER PT J AU Alaimo, S AF Alaimo, Stacy TI Wanting All the Species to Be: Extinction, Environmental Visions, and Intimate Aesthetics SO AUSTRALIAN FEMINIST STUDIES AB This article responds to the question 'What do we Want?' posed to scholars in the feminist environmental humanities, by expressing the desire for a multitude of species to continue to exist through and beyond the era of the Sixth Great Extinction. Then, it questions who the 'we' is who would express this desire, and whether that category of enunciation presumes colonising, extractive, and falsely universalising positions. Is it possible to disconnect epistemologies, politics, and practices of global environmentalisms from colonial histories, epistemologies of scientific distance, and a disembodied Man? Can feminist, queer, and indigenous environmentalisms suggest more intimate modes of ecological knowing and being that are implicated rather than transcendent, tangible rather than immaterial, and scale shifting rather than distancing? SN 0816-4649 EI 1465-3303 PD OCT 2 PY 2019 VL 34 IS 102 SI SI BP 398 EP 412 DI 10.1080/08164649.2019.1698284 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500167200001 ER PT J AU Farneda, FZ Meyer, CFJ Grelle, CEV AF Farneda, Fabio Z. Meyer, Christoph F. J. Grelle, Carlos E., V TI Effects of land-use change on functional and taxonomic diversity of Neotropical batsPalavras-chave SO BIOTROPICA AB Human land-use changes are particularly extensive in tropical regions, representing one of the greatest threats to terrestrial biodiversity and a key research topic in conservation. However, studies considering the effects of different types of anthropogenic disturbance on the functional dimension of biodiversity in human-modified landscapes are rare. Here, we obtained data through an extensive review of peer-reviewed articles and compared 30 Neotropical bat assemblages in well-preserved primary forest and four different human-disturbed habitats in terms of their functional and taxonomic diversity. We found that disturbed habitats that are structurally less similar to primary forest (pasture, cropland, and early-stage secondary forest) were characterized by a lower functional and taxonomic diversity, as well as community-level functional uniqueness. These habitats generally retained fewer species that perform different ecological functions compared to higher-quality landscape matrices, such as agroforestry. According to functional trait composition, different bat ensembles respond differently to landscape change, negatively affecting mainly gleaning insectivorous bats in pasture, narrow-range species in cropland, and heavier animalivorous bats in secondary forest. Although our results highlight the importance of higher-quality matrix habitats to support elevated functional and taxonomic bat diversity, the conservation of bat species that perform different ecological functions in the mosaic of human-modified habitats also depends on the irreplaceable conservation value of well-preserved primary forests. Our study based on a pooled analysis of individual studies provides novel insights into the effects of different human-modified habitats on Neotropical bat assemblages. RI Meyer, Christoph F. J./A-4363-2012 OI Meyer, Christoph F. J./0000-0001-9958-8913; Zanella Farneda, Fabio/0000-0001-6765-2861 SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 52 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1111/btp.12736 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500238100001 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, TCT Monteiro, AB Morales-Silva, T Maia, LF Faria, LDB AF de Oliveira, Tamires C. T. Monteiro, Angelo B. Morales-Silva, Tiago Maia, Lais F. Faria, Lucas D. B. TI Multitrophic interactions drive body size variations in seed-feeding insects SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB 1. The intensity of community interactions and the structure of food webs can be associated with an organism's body size. However, little is known about how interactions among species in multitrophic communities determine the body size of individuals exploiting the same resource. 2. This study evaluates the effects of resource size, fruit infestation, and parasitism on tibia length, a proxy measure of body size, of insects exploiting the same resource. The three most abundant seed-feeding species of Senegalia tenuifolia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) were selected, and the relationship between their tibia length and the interactions within the food web was estimated. The selected species were the beetles Merobruchus terani and Stator maculatopygus, and the braconid wasp Allorhogas vulgaris. 3. The body sizes of 531 specimens were measured and it was found that tibia length of each species responded differently to the interactions, demonstrating that functionally similar species may respond differently to multitrophic effects. The body size of Merobruchus terani, the most abundant species in the food web, was negatively affected by the presence of A. vulgaris, but there was a positive relationship with seed biomass and its own abundance in the fruits. The other two species were less abundant and more plastic in their responses, as a strong negative effect of M. terani presence on A. vulgaris body size was observed, as well as a strong negative effect of Coleoptera parasitism rate on S. maculatopygus body size. 4. It is concluded that morphological traits can provide information on how interactions affect species body size. SN 0307-6946 EI 1365-2311 DI 10.1111/een.12825 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500252300001 ER PT J AU Avakoudjo, HGG Hounkpevi, A Idohou, R Kone, MW Assogbadjo, AE AF Avakoudjo, Hospice Gerard Gracias Hounkpevi, Achille Idohou, Rodrigue Kone, Mamidou Witabouna Assogbadjo, Achille Ephrem TI Local Knowledge, Uses, and Factors Determining the Use of Strychnos spinosa Organs in Benin (West Africa) SO ECONOMIC BOTANY AB Green monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa) is an important multipurpose tree in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa, including Benin. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine the various indigenous uses of Strychnos spinosa, (ii) assess local perception of the major threats to Strychnos spinosa, and (iii) identify the conservation strategies adopted by local communities to ensure its sustainable use in Benin. A participatory rural appraisal study was undertaken across three climatic zones in Benin. Data were collected through structured questionnaires involving 733 informants from 22 ethnic and 7 sociolinguistic groups. Correspondence analysis (CA) showed that S. spinosa is most widely used in the Sudanian zone (20 uses). About 73% of the informants used Strychnos spinosa as food, and 68% used it for medicine. The most valued organs were fruits, leaves, bark, and seeds. The major threats to Strychnos spinosa were human activities rather than climatic factors. Religion and cultural values were the main strategies adopted by local communities to conserve the species. The value of Strychnos spinosa is well appreciated in Benin, and local knowledge depends on the particular climatic zone, ethnic group, study level, and gender. OI AVAKOUDJO, Hospice Gerard Gracias/0000-0002-5230-6787 SN 0013-0001 EI 1874-9364 DI 10.1007/s12231-019-09481-0 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500292000001 ER PT J AU Irving, K Jahnig, SC Kuemmerlen, M AF Irving, Katie Jaehnig, Sonja C. Kuemmerlen, Mathias TI Identifying and applying an optimum set of environmental variables in species distribution models SO INLAND WATERS AB Predictive models such as species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied to inform conservation efforts and management decisions. A thoughtful predictor choice, and hence the variable selection process, is a challenge when modeling large communities. Often, variable choice is made for an entire community and not for specific species, resulting in less appropriate predictors for at least some species and affecting model performance and predicted distributions. Using 2 German river catchments as a model system, we investigated (1) application of boosted regression trees (BRTs) as a variable selection procedure to choose the optimal set of environmental predictors and (2) whether model performance is increased by applying custom-made predictor sets to individual species. From a community of 67 benthic macroinvertebrate species, 10 increased in accuracy with the customized predictor set and 10 species decreased in accuracy. Notably, current preference, stream notation, and functional group differed between these species' groups, which correspond to varied environmental conditions in their known occurrence sites. The species that increased in accuracy showed a preference toward lowland conditions and were far less widespread than the species that decreased in accuracy. We conclude that BRTs are a useful tool for selecting variables for SDMs on large communities. Also, for specialist, rare, or invasive species, determining a species-specific custom-made predictor set may be preferable because species' preferences may not be representative of the entire study area. Our study describes a structured variable selection approach that can be readily implemented to predict species distributions informative for river management decisions. RI Jahnig, Sonja C/D-7126-2011 OI Jahnig, Sonja C/0000-0002-6349-9561; Kuemmerlen, Mathias/0000-0003-1362-3701 SN 2044-2041 EI 2044-205X DI 10.1080/20442041.2019.1653111 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500509100001 ER PT J AU Stokely, TD Betts, MG AF Stokely, Thomas D. Betts, Matthew G. TI Deer-mediated ecosystem service versus disservice depends on forest management intensity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY AB As global terrestrial biodiversity declines via land-use change, society has placed increasing value on non-commercial species as providers of ecosystem services. Yet, many deer species and non-crop plants are perceived negatively when they decrease crop productivity, leading to reduced economic gains and human-wildlife conflict. We hypothesized that deer provide an ecosystem service in forest plantations by controlling competition and promoting crop-tree growth, although the effects of herbivory may depend on forest management intensity. If management negatively affects foraging habitat at local and landscape scales, then we expected browsing to shift to less nutritious crop trees. To test these hypotheses, we established a 5-year experiment that manipulated early forest management intensity via herbicide treatments and access of two deer species to vegetation via exclosures. Contrary to our hypothesis, deer provided an ecosystem service at high management intensities and a disservice occurred with low-intensity management. Crop-tree growth and survival was greatest when herbivory and herbicides suppressed broadleaf regeneration. In contrast, crop-tree growth was lowest when broadleaf vegetation was retained and crop trees were subject to both browse damage and competition. We found a positive, yet variable, association between deer detections and stand - and landscape-scale broadleaf habitat, and despite initial reductions in forage, herbivory pressure was similar among management intensities. When broadleaf vegetation was suppressed by herbicides and herbivory, selection of herbaceous forage by deer intensified, likely aiding in the service. Overall, our findings indicate that the effects of vegetation management for promoting timber production are highly dependent on the presence of large herbivores. Synthesis and applications. Although deer are thought to reduce crop productivity in many systems, we found that herbivory switched from reducing crop-tree growth where non-crop vegetation was retained, to promoting crop-tree growth when both herbivory and herbicides suppressed competing vegetation. However, the provision of this ecosystem service is likely contingent on the amount of forage available in the landscape and subsequent foraging pressure. We conclude that nature's capacity to provide ecosystem services depends on the intensity of management at local and landscape scales. SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.13532 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500480700001 ER PT J AU Cross, CJ AF Cross, Christina J. TI Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Family Structure and Children's Education SO JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY AB Objective This study tested two hypotheses that have been posited to account for racial/ethnic differences in the association between family structure and children's education. Background Research has shown that children raised by both biological parents fare better academically than children raised in any other family structure. However, there has been little research to explain an important finding: living apart from a biological parent is less negatively consequential for racial/ethnic minority children than white children. Scholars have speculated that group differences in exposure to socioeconomic stress and embeddedness in extended family networks explain this finding. Method This study used nationally representative, longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 2,589). It employed logistic regression analysis and decomposition techniques to assess whether racial/ethnic differences in these two mechanisms explained the differential association between family structure and children's on-time high school completion and college enrollment for white, black, and Hispanic children. Results The results indicate that socioeconomic stress and extended family embeddedness attenuate the effect of family structure on these two measures of children's education, although the former to a much greater extent. The differences in socioeconomic resources accounted for up to nearly 50% of the gap in these outcomes, and extended family embeddedness explained roughly 15% to 20%. Conclusion Findings lend support for the socioeconomic stress hypothesis, which posits that the negative effect of parental absence from the home may be less independently impactful for racial/ethnic groups already facing many socioeconomic disadvantages. OI Cross, Christina/0000-0002-8858-9125 SN 0022-2445 EI 1741-3737 DI 10.1111/jomf.12625 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500026900001 ER PT J AU Wei, JF Peng, LF He, ZQ Lu, YY Wang, F AF Wei, Jiufeng Peng, Lingfei He, Zhiqiang Lu, Yunyun Wang, Fang TI Potential distribution of two invasive pineapple pests under climate change SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AB BACKGROUND The number of global invasive species has significantly increased during the past two centuries due to globalization. The understanding of species invasion under climate change is crucial for sustainable biodiversity conservation, community dynamics, ecosystem function, and resource distribution. Two invasive species, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) and D. neobrevipes (Beardsley) have greatly expanded their ranges during recent years. These insects are now considered as extremely serious pests for various plants, especially pineapple. In addition, they are the primary vectors for pineapple wilt associated virus. However, the potential distribution range and management strategies for these pests are unclear. RESULTS In this study, potential risk maps were developed for these pests with MaxEnt (maximum entropy) based on occurrence data under different environmental variables. The potential distributions of these pests were projected for 2050s and 2070s under three climate change scenarios as described in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Results showed that both pests have similar potential distributions, with high environmental suitability in South America, Africa and South Asia. In addition, potential range expansions or reductions were predicted under different climate change scenarios. The annual mean temperature was the most important factor, accounting for 43.4% of D. brevipes distribution. The minimum temperature of coldest month and mean temperature of coldest quarter was found to be responsible for 90.3% of D. neobrevipes distribution. CONCLUSION This research provided a theoretical reference framework to develop policies in the management and control of these invasive pests. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry OI Jiufeng, Wei/0000-0003-4705-2599 SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 DI 10.1002/ps.5684 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500090600001 PM 31724310 ER PT J AU Bakker, J Wangensteen, OS Baillie, C Buddo, D Chapman, DD Gallagher, AJ Guttridge, TL Hertler, H Mariani, S AF Bakker, Judith Wangensteen, Owen S. Baillie, Charles Buddo, Dayne Chapman, Demian D. Gallagher, Austin J. Guttridge, Tristan L. Hertler, Heidi Mariani, Stefano TI Biodiversity assessment of tropical shelf eukaryotic communities via pelagic eDNA metabarcoding SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AB Our understanding of marine communities and their functions in an ecosystem relies on the ability to detect and monitor species distributions and abundances. Currently, the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is increasingly being applied for the rapid assessment and monitoring of aquatic species. Most eDNA metabarcoding studies have either focussed on the simultaneous identification of a few specific taxa/groups or have been limited in geographical scope. Here, we employed eDNA metabarcoding to compare beta diversity patterns of complex pelagic marine communities in tropical coastal shelf habitats spanning the whole Caribbean Sea. We screened 68 water samples using a universal eukaryotic COI barcode region and detected highly diverse communities, which varied significantly among locations, and proved good descriptors of habitat type and environmental conditions. Less than 15% of eukaryotic taxa were assigned to metazoans, most DNA sequences belonged to a variety of planktonic "protists," with over 50% of taxa unassigned at the phylum level, suggesting that the sampled communities host an astonishing amount of micro-eukaryotic diversity yet undescribed or absent from COI reference databases. Although such a predominance of micro-eukaryotes severely reduces the efficiency of universal COI markers to investigate vertebrate and other metazoans from aqueous eDNA, the study contributes to the advancement of rapid biomonitoring methods and brings us closer to a full inventory of extant marine biodiversity. RI Mariani, Stefano/A-2964-2012; Wangensteen, Owen S./E-9552-2012 OI Mariani, Stefano/0000-0002-5329-0553; Wangensteen, Owen S./0000-0001-5593-348X SN 2045-7758 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 24 BP 14341 EP 14355 DI 10.1002/ece3.5871 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500468800001 PM 31938523 ER PT J AU Sol, K Zaheed, AB Kraal, AZ Sharifian, N Renteria, MA Zahodne, LB AF Sol, Ketlyne Zaheed, Afsara B. Kraal, A. Zarina Sharifian, Neika Renteria, Miguel Arce Zahodne, Laura B. TI Psychological predictors of memory decline in a racially and ethnically diverse longitudinal sample of older adults in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY AB Objectives In the United States, racial and ethnic disparities in memory dysfunction and Alzheimer disease are evident even after accounting for many risk factors. Psychological factors, such as psychological well-being, perceived control, depressive symptoms, and negative affect, may influence memory dysfunction, and associations may differ by race and ethnicity. This study examined whether psychological factors are differentially associated with episodic memory trajectories across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Methods/Design The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), is a US-representative, longitudinal study of Medicare-eligible adults 65+ years old. Analyses of 5 years of data, included a total of 9411 participants without dementia at baseline. Adjusting for relevant covariates, a linear mixed model estimated the associations between psychological predictors and a composite of immediate and delayed trials from a word list memory test. Results More depressive symptoms (B = -0.02), lower psychological well-being (B = 0.03), and lower perceived control (B = 0.05) were independently associated with lower initial memory. Depressive symptoms were associated with faster rate of memory decline (B = -0.01). Black (B = -0.34) and Hispanic (B = -0.28) participants evidenced lower initial memory level than whites, but only Hispanic (B = -0.04) participants evidenced faster memory decline than whites. There were no significant interactions between the psychological variables and race and ethnicity. Conclusions Results extend previous studies showing racial and ethnic disparities in episodic memory trajectories, and the longitudinal effects of depressive symptoms on episodic memory in US samples. Epidemiological studies of cognitive aging should incorporate more psychological factors clarify cognitive decline and disparities. SN 0885-6230 EI 1099-1166 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 35 IS 2 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1002/gps.5236 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500091000001 PM 31736139 ER PT J AU Sovljanski, O Tomic, A Pezo, L Markov, S AF Sovljanski, Olja Tomic, Ana Pezo, Lato Markov, Sinisa TI Temperature and pH growth profile prediction of newly isolated bacterial strains from alkaline soils SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AB BACKGROUND Soil microorganisms can form complex and varied communities which interact with each other in many different ways depending on environmental conditions. These microbial diversities are accompanied by different metabolic paths and adaptability reflected even in extreme environments. In recent decades, the biodiversity of microbes in extreme environments has been in scientific focus because such specifically adapted bacteria can improve bioremediation processes in industrial and agricultural applications. Instead of the time-consuming process of identification of new bacterial strains from habitats rich in microbiota, artificial neural networks have been proposed as a mapping model for resolving the problem of prediction of microbial behaviour. RESULTS The occurrence and diversity of alkaliphilic sporogenic bacteria in alkaline soils were investigated. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from various locations: leached soil from the Danube river, cement factory wastewater accumulation, deposit of limestone near the Besenovo lake and the Beli Majdan cave in the Fruska gora mountain. According to the obtained results, two empirical models were developed that gave a good fit to experimental data and were able to predict successfully the pH and temperature growth profiles of the natural isolates. The artificial neural network models showed a reasonably good predictive capability (overall R-2 for temperature growth profile was 0.727, while the overall R-2 for pH growth profile was 0.906). CONCLUSIONS The developed mathematical models provided adequate precision for practical study in the microbiology laboratory and scale-up processes for a wide range of laboratory and industrial applications, where specifically adapted microbial communities are needed. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1155 EP 1163 DI 10.1002/jsfa.10124 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500026800001 PM 31680254 ER PT J AU Bastida, F Eldridge, DJ Abades, S Alfaro, FD Gallardo, A Garcia-Velazquez, L Garcia, C Hart, SC Perez, CA Santos, F Trivedi, P Williams, MA Delgado-Baquerizo, M AF Bastida, Felipe Eldridge, David J. Abades, Sebastian Alfaro, Fernando D. Gallardo, Antonio Garcia-Velazquez, Laura Garcia, Carlos Hart, Stephen C. Perez, Cecilia A. Santos, Fernanda Trivedi, Pankaj Williams, Mark A. Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel TI Climatic vulnerabilities and ecological preferences of soil invertebrates across biomes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY AB Unlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross-biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross-validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies. OI Garcia-Velazquez, Laura/0000-0003-3290-7531; Alfaro Ayllon, Fernando Daniel/0000-0003-2922-1838 SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X DI 10.1111/mec.15299 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500058900001 PM 31697860 ER PT J AU Blanco-Sacristan, J Panigada, C Tagliabue, G Gentili, R Colombo, R de Guevara, ML Maestre, FT Rossini, M AF Blanco-Sacristan, Javier Panigada, Cinzia Tagliabue, Giulia Gentili, Rodolfo Colombo, Roberto Ladron de Guevara, Monica Maestre, Fernando T. Rossini, Micol TI Spectral Diversity Successfully Estimates the alpha-Diversity of Biocrust-Forming Lichens SO REMOTE SENSING AB Biocrusts, topsoil communities formed by mosses, lichens, liverworts, algae, and cyanobacteria, are a key biotic component of dryland ecosystems worldwide. Experiments carried out with lichen- and moss-dominated biocrusts indicate that climate change may dramatically reduce their cover and diversity. Therefore, the development of reproducible methods to monitor changes in biocrust diversity and abundance across multiple spatio-temporal scales is key for evaluating how climate change may impact biocrust communities and the myriad of ecosystem functions and services that rely on them. In this study, we collected lichen-dominated biocrust samples from a semi-arid ecosystem in central Spain. Their alpha-diversity was then evaluated using very high spatial resolution hyperspectral images (pixel size of 0.091 mm) measured in laboratory under controlled conditions. Support vector machines were used to map the biocrust composition. Traditional alpha-diversity metrics (i.e., species richness, Shannon's, Simpson's, and Pielou's indices) were calculated using lichen fractional cover data derived from their classifications in the hyperspectral imagery. Spectral diversity was calculated at different wavelength ranges as the coefficient of variation of different regions of the reflectance spectra of lichens and as the standard deviation of the continuum removal algorithm (SD_CR). The accuracy of the classifications of the images obtained was close to 100%. The results showed the best coefficient of determination (r(2) = 0.47) between SD_CR calculated at 680 nm and the alpha-diversity calculated as the Simpson's index, which includes species richness and their evenness. These findings indicate that this spectral diversity index could be used to track spatio-temporal changes in lichen-dominated biocrust communities. Thus, they are the first step to monitor alpha-diversity of biocrust-forming lichens at the ecosystem and regional levels, a key task for any program aiming to evaluate changes in biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in drylands. EI 2072-4292 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 2942 DI 10.3390/rs11242942 UT WOS:000507333400058 ER PT J AU Tamburus, AF Franca, NFC Mantelatto, FL AF Tamburus, Ana Francisca Caetano Franca, Nielson Felix Mantelatto, Fernando Luis TI First record of the box crab Cryptosoma balguerii (Desbonne in Desbonne and Schramm, 1867) (Brachyura: Calappidae) from Sao Paulo, Brazil revealed by DNA markers SO NAUPLIUS AB The present study provided information extending the known geographical distribution of the calappid crab Cryptosoma balguerii (Desbonne in Desbonne and Schramm, 1867). We provide new data that extends the range of this species in the western Atlantic farther to the south in the Brazilian region, State of Sao Paulo and check its identification by molecular tools within Cryptosoma and other calappid crabs. New records of marine species provide a baseline for a better understanding of the biodiversity of ecological provinces. This work is an example of the importance of an exhaustive and continuous investigation on the biodiversity of subtidal rocky bottoms. RI ; Mantelatto, Fernando/H-2695-2012 OI Franca, Nielson/0000-0003-2922-027X; Mantelatto, Fernando/0000-0002-8497-187X SN 0104-6497 EI 2358-2936 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 27 AR e2019022 DI 10.1590/2358-2936e2019022 UT WOS:000507882900003 ER PT J AU Piedelobo, L Taramelli, A Schiavon, E Valentini, E Molina, JL Xuan, AN Gonzalez-Aguilera, D AF Piedelobo, Laura Taramelli, Andrea Schiavon, Emma Valentini, Emiliana Molina, Jose-Luis Xuan, Alessandra Nguyen Gonzalez-Aguilera, Diego TI Assessment of Green Infrastructure in Riparian Zones Using Copernicus Programme SO REMOTE SENSING AB This article presents an approach to identify Green Infrastructure (GI), its benefits and condition. This information enables environmental agencies to prioritise conservation, management and restoration strategies accordingly. The study focuses on riparian areas due to their potential to supply Ecosystem Services (ES), such as water quality, biodiversity, soil protection and flood or drought risk reduction. Natural Water Retention Measures (NWRM) related to agriculture and forestry are the type of GI considered specifically within these riparian areas. The approach is based on ES condition indicators, defined by the European Environment Agency (EEA) to support the policy targets of the 2020 Biodiversity Strategy. Indicators that can be assessed through remote sensing techniques are used, namely: capacity to provide ecosystem services, proximity to protected areas, greening response and water stress. Specifically, the approach uses and evaluates the potential of freely available products from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) to monitor GI. Moreover, vegetation and water indices are calculated using data from the Sentinel-2 MSI Level-2A scenes and integrated in the analysis. The approach has been tested in the Italian Po river basin in 2018. Firstly, agriculture and forest NWRM were identified in the riparian areas of the river network. Secondly, the Riparian Zones products from the CLMS local component and the satellite-based indices were linked to the aforementioned ES condition indicators. This led to the development of a pixel-based model that evaluates the identified GI according to: (i) its disposition to provide riparian regulative ES and (ii) its condition in the analysed year. Finally, the model was used to prioritise GI for conservation or restoration initiatives, based on its potential to deliver ES and current condition. OI Gonzalez-Aguilera, Diego/0000-0002-8949-4216; Piedelobo, Laura/0000-0002-6810-9438 EI 2072-4292 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 2967 DI 10.3390/rs11242967 UT WOS:000507337600002 ER PT J AU Apfelbeck, B Jakoby, C Hanusch, M Steffani, EB Hauck, TE Weisser, WW AF Apfelbeck, Beate Jakoby, Christine Hanusch, Maximilian Steffani, Emanuel Boas Hauck, Thomas E. Weisser, Wolfgang W. TI A Conceptual Framework for Choosing Target Species for Wildlife-Inclusive Urban Design SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Recent research has highlighted the significance of cities for biodiversity, making them important places for conservation in their own right. Current conservation approaches in cities are mostly defensive. Thus, they focus on remnant pockets of natural areas or try to protect particular species that occur in the built environment. These approaches are vulnerable to further urban development and do not create habitats. An alternative strategy is to make wildlife an integral part of urban development and thereby create a new habitat in the built-up area. Here we address the challenge of choosing target species for such wildlife-inclusive urban design. The starting point of our conceptual framework is the regional species pool, which can be obtained from geo-referenced species data. The existing habitat types on and around the development site and dispersal barriers limit the species numbers to the local species potential. In the next step, the site's potential for each species is analyzed-how can it be upgraded to host species given the planned development and the life-cycle of the species? For the final choice of target species, traits related to the human-animal interaction are considered. We suggest that stakeholders will be involved in the final species selection. Our approach differs from existing practice, such as expert choice of priority species, by (1) representing an open process where many species are potential targets of conservation, (2) the involvement of stakeholders in a participatory way. Our approach can also be used at larger spatial scales such as quarters or entire cities. OI Hanusch, Maximilian Daniel Christopher/0000-0001-7228-1276 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 6972 DI 10.3390/su11246972 UT WOS:000506899000086 ER PT J AU Asuoha, GC Okafor, UP Phil-Eze, PO Ayadiuno, RU AF Asuoha, Godson Chinonyerem Okafor, Uchenna Paulinus Phil-Eze, Philip Ogbonnia Ayadiuno, Romanus Udegbunam TI The Impact of Soil Erosion on Biodiversity Conservation in Isiala Ngwa North LGA, Southeastern Nigeria SO SUSTAINABILITY AB The impact of soil erosion on the conservation of biodiversity in Isiala Ngwa North LGA, Southeastern Nigeria was examined. Data were obtained through focus group discussions and plant species enumeration. Diversity indices of plant species were derived from quadrat analysis using Shannon Wiener's diversity index. Eighteen soil samples were collected from agricultural erosion sites in the study area and analysed in the laboratory. The results obtained were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). The rotated component matrix of the soil properties, as well as plant and animal diversity indices from the PCA isolated three components that together explained 93.821% of the observed variation. The results show that bush clearing in the form of slash and burn, uncoordinated bush burning and harvesting of plant species are the activities that cause soil erosion in the study area. Agro-forestry, bush fallowing, reforestation and legislation on indiscriminate harvesting of plant species were recommended. OI , philip/0000-0002-8129-245X; Okafor, Uchenna/0000-0002-3621-1665 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 7192 DI 10.3390/su11247192 UT WOS:000506899000292 ER PT J AU Barros, C Moya-Gomez, B Garcia-Palomares, JC AF Barros, Carolina Moya-Gomez, Borja Carlos Garcia-Palomares, Juan TI Identifying Temporal Patterns of Visitors to National Parks through Geotagged Photographs SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Visitor data is essential for decision-making, policy formulation, and monitoring of protected areas. In this context, the data on the temporal distribution of visitors is essential to characterize influx and seasonality, and even to measure the carrying capacity of a site. However, obtaining information from visitors often involves high costs and long production times. Moreover, traditional visitor data has a limited level of detail. New sources of data can provide valuable information regarding the timing of visits. In this study, we tested the use of geotagged data to infer the temporal distribution of visitors to 15 Spanish national parks, and we identified temporal patterns of the visits at three levels: monthly, weekly, and daily. By comparing official monthly visitor counts and geotagged photographs from Flickr, we observed that the number of monthly users who upload photos significantly reflects the number of monthly visitors. Furthermore, the weekly and daily distributions of the Flickr data provided additional information that could contribute to identifying the periods of highest visitor pressure, design measures to manage the concentration of visitors, and improve the overall visitor experience. The results obtained indicate the potential of new data sources for visitor monitoring in protected areas and to open opportunities for future research. Moreover, monitoring tourism in protected areas is crucial to ensure the sustainability of their resources and to protect their biodiversity. RI Moya-Gomez, Borja/K-2780-2015; Garcia-Palomares, Juan Carlos/J-1310-2016 OI Moya-Gomez, Borja/0000-0002-0520-039X; Garcia-Palomares, Juan Carlos/0000-0002-8759-6809 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 6983 DI 10.3390/su11246983 UT WOS:000506899000096 ER PT J AU Blaszak, M Rybska, E Tsivitanidou, O Constantinou, CP AF Blaszak, Maciej Rybska, Eliza Tsivitanidou, Olia Constantinou, Costas P. TI Botanical Gardens for Productive Interplay between Emotions and Cognition SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Botanical gardens are often designed with biological deliberations in mind, such as the need to preserve biodiversity. As in other community acts, functionality is also an important concern. In contrast, the need to connect with human values, such as tolerance, care or justice, and the facility to provoke interaction, reflection and discussion are often sidelined. More broadly, the social and educational aims of these institutions are often placed second in the design priorities, even though they are emphasized strongly in formulations of the underlying purpose and intentions. From an educational perspective, the interplay between emotions and cognition has an important influence on the visitor learning experience. In this paper, we elaborate on this interplay and we explore possible implications (a) for the design of botanical garden spaces, but also (b) for the formative process that emerges from the convolution of garden spaces, visitor expectations and interactive activities for teaching and learning. We introduce the term useful botanical garden and, through analysis, we develop a theoretical framework that provides a cognitive approach for the educational design of botanical gardens drawing on three dimensions: Sensibility (refering to those features of the design of botanical garden spaces that serve to create a sense of welcoming comfort, safety and homeostasis). Functionality (features of the garden spaces that scaffold interactions and cognitive processes). Rationality (refering to the facility of visitors to reflect on six values-care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity, and liberty-and how they relate to the elements present in the botanical garden). We illustrate this model with reference to a range of botanical gardens. We elaborate on how these factors work together to highlight the educational features of botanical gardens and also discuss the implications of this model for the design of activities and educational experiences as well as for teacher preparation and professional development in the service of promoting environmental insight. OI Constantinou, Costas/0000-0003-3183-4131 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 7160 DI 10.3390/su11247160 UT WOS:000506899000262 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, S Wang, YK Dixit, AM Khanal, NR Xu, P Yan, K Liu, Q Lu, YF Li, M AF Chaudhary, Suresh Wang, Yukuan Dixit, Amod Mani Khanal, Narendra Raj Xu, Pei Yan, Kun Liu, Qin Lu, Yafeng Li, Ming TI Eco-Environmental Risk Evaluation for Land Use Planning in Areas of Potential Farmland Abandonment in the High Mountains of Nepal Himalayas SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Land use change, especially that due to farmland abandonment in the mountains of Nepal, is being seen as a major factor contributing to increasing eco-environmental risk, undesirable changes in the socio-cultural landscape, biodiversity loss, and reduced capacity of the ecosystem to provide key services. This study aims to: i) evaluate eco-environmental risk for one of the high mountain river basins, the Dordi river basin in Nepal, that has a growing potential of farmland abandonment; and ii) develop a risk-based land use planning framework for mitigating the impact of risk and for enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. We employed a multi-criteria analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign risk weightage to geophysical and socio-demographic factors, and performed spatial superposition analysis in the model builder of a geographic information system (GIS) to produce an eco-environmental risk map, which was subjected to a reliability check against existing eco-environmental conditions by ground truthing and using statistical models. The result shows that 22.36% of the basin area has a high level of risk. The very high, extreme high, moderate, and low zones accounted 17.38%, 7.93%, 28.49%, and 23.81%, respectively. A high level of eco-environmental risk occurs mostly in the north and northwest, but appears in patches in the south as well, whereas the level of moderate risk is concentrated in the southern parts of the river basin. All the land use types, notably, forest, grassland, shrub land, and cultivated farmland, are currently under stress, which generally increases with elevation towards the north but is also concentrated along the road network and river buffer zones where human interference with nature is the maximum. The risk map and the framework are expected to provide information and a scientific evidence-base for formulating and reasonable development strategies and guidelines for consensus-based utilization and protection of eco-environmental resources in the river basin. As an awareness raising tool, it also can activate social processes enabling communities to design for and mitigate the consequences of hazardous events. Moreover, this risk assessment allows an important link in understanding regional eco-environmental risk situation, land use, natural resources, and environmental management. OI Khanal, Narendra/0000-0001-7945-8476; Chaudhary, Suresh/0000-0001-6736-9249 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 6931 DI 10.3390/su11246931 UT WOS:000506899000048 ER PT J AU de Vries, JR van der Zee, E Beunen, R Kat, R Feindt, P AF de Vries, Jasper R. van der Zee, Eva Beunen, Raoul Kat, Rianne Feindt, Peter TI Trusting the People and the System. The Interrelation Between Interpersonal and Institutional Trust in Collective Action for Agri-Environmental Management SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Agri-environmental schemes have been introduced in numerous countries to combat biodiversity loss in agrarian landscapes that are important for both food production and biodiversity. The successful operation of such schemes depends strongly upon trust between actors involved, as well as trust in institutions that govern these schemes. However, the interplay between interpersonal and institutional trust in the context of collective action for agri-environmental management is not well understood. To address this question, we explore the case of agri-environmental management in the province of Drenthe (in The Netherlands), where a new policy model was implemented. This case shows how both institutional design and institutional performance critically influence trust dynamics. Under the old policy model, farmers struggled with auditing and control, which fostered mistrust and hampered collective action. Under the new model, a landscape approach, more responsibilities were delegated to farmers, and more room was created for interaction, which fostered trust both between actors and in institutions. Based on our findings, we conclude that institutional designs that reflect trust in the actors can foster interpersonal and institutional trust that, in turn, facilitates collective action. However, old arrangements can also create path dependencies that limit trust development and impede collective action for agri-environmental management. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 7022 DI 10.3390/su11247022 UT WOS:000506899000132 ER PT J AU Hou, PF Luo, Y Yang, K Shang, CX Zhou, XL AF Hou, Pengfei Luo, Yi Yang, Kun Shang, Chunxue Zhou, Xiaolu TI Changing Characteristics of Chlorophyll a in the Context of Internal and External Factors: A Case Study of Dianchi Lake in China SO SUSTAINABILITY AB During the past 20 years, the ecological environment of Dianchi Lake has been adversely affected by climate change and human activities, which directly affected the ecosystem and biodiversity of the Dianchi Lake watershed. Analyzing the spatiotemporal variation of chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration of Dianchi Lake and exploring the internal and external factors effect on Chla concentration is the basis for controlling and improving the water ecological environment of Dianchi Lake, and it is also the key to prevent and control the water pollution of Dianchi Lake. In this study, the water quality of Dianchi Lake was examined using 12 water quality indicators from 10 water quality monitoring sites for the duration between 2000 to 2017. The changing characteristics of Chla in the context of internal and external factors were analyzed. The spatiotemporal evolution process of Chla concentration in the past 20 years was also evaluated. The results indicated that Chla concentration was significantly and positively correlated with the chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), the Dianchi Lake watershed gross domestic product (GDP), and the impervious surface area (ISA) of the watershed, in addition to the total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia hydrogen (NH3-N), water temperature (WT), and civil vehicle ownership. Moreover, a significant and negative correlation was noticed between Dianchi Lake watershed GDP and NH3-N, BOD5, TP, total nitrogen (TN), and comprehensive nutrition state index (TLI). The Dianchi Lake population was negatively correlated with TP, TLI, and BOD5. The concentration of Chla in Dianchi Lake was affected by both internal factors, and external factors such as anthropogenic activities, the latter of which was the main cause of the continuous deterioration of the lake water quality. OI Luo, Yi/0000-0002-6256-4595 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 7242 DI 10.3390/su11247242 UT WOS:000506899000339 ER PT J AU Meier, C Oehen, B AF Meier, Claudia Oehen, Bernadette TI Consumers' Valuation of Farmers' Varieties for Food System Diversity SO SUSTAINABILITY AB To increase the diversity in the food system from seed to fork, participatory on-farm breeding schemes have been proposed. For participatory on-farm breeding schemes to be successful, consumers need to be willing to compensate farmers for their efforts in breeding and in diversifying their cultivation. Using vegetables as an example, we investigated whether consumers of four selected European countries liked the idea of having farmers breed their own varieties and whether they would be willing to pay a premium for farmers' as compared to standard varieties in a supermarket setting. The data was collected in an online survey and a willingness to pay was elicited using a contingent valuation approach. After providing respondents with information about the problem (diversity loss), solution (on-farm breeding), and the benefits of farmers' varieties, consumers' acceptance was very high and consumers were willing to pay a small premium. Our findings suggest that farmers' varieties can be appealing to a wide range of consumers if the appropriate information is provided, as they not only address the increasing demand for more sustainable products but also for more food diversity and tasty products. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine consumer preferences for farmers' varieties for food system diversity. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 7134 DI 10.3390/su11247134 UT WOS:000506899000236 ER PT J AU Ning, J Jin, JJ Kuang, FY Wan, XY Zhang, CY Guan, T AF Ning, Jing Jin, Jianjun Kuang, Foyuan Wan, Xinyu Zhang, Chenyang Guan, Tong TI The Valuation of Grassland Ecosystem Services in Inner Mongolia of China and Its Spatial Differences SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Economic valuation of grassland ecosystem services is important for protecting and restoring grassland ecosystems. This study aims to investigate Chinese netizens' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for protecting grassland ecosystem services in Inner Mongolia by using the contingent valuation method. The results indicate that 61.55% of respondents expressed a positive WTP. The mean WTP was estimated to be CNY 170.76 (USD 25.11) per person per year. We found that there is a significant spatial difference in respondent's WTP. Factors such as respondent age, education, household income and concern about grassland protection significantly affected their WTP. Younger, more educated and wealthier respondents have a higher probability of willingness to pay, and those who are concerned about grassland protection present a higher WTP. The regression results also show that distance from the grassland negatively affects the probability and values of people's WTP. Findings of this research provide useful policy implications for decision-makers involved in grassland protection and management. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 7117 DI 10.3390/su11247117 UT WOS:000506899000220 ER PT J AU Sagastuy, M Krause, T AF Sagastuy, Mauricio Krause, Torsten TI Agroforestry as a Biodiversity Conservation Tool in the Atlantic Forest? Motivations and Limitations for Small-Scale Farmers to Implement Agroforestry Systems in North-Eastern Brazil SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Agroforestry practices support agricultural resilience against climatic variability, increase soil productivity, can diversify and increase farmers' incomes, and support native fauna in agricultural landscapes. However, many farmers are still reluctant to implement agroforestry practices. We distributed questionnaires to 75 agroforestry and 64 "conventional agriculture" small-scale farmers working in the northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest to identify the motivations and limitations to implement agroforestry practices. We reveal the four main reasons why farmers worked with agroforestry: Higher income generation (89%), diversification of the production system (86%), increase in the land's quality and productivity (86%), and increase in self-sufficiency (82%). The three most common mentioned reasons for conventional agriculture farmers to not shift to agroforestry practices were: Uncertainty if the system will work (62%), reduction in yield of the main agricultural crop (43%), and a lack of models and knowledge in the region (41%). Agroforestry in Brazil's Atlantic Forest region can support native fauna, but farmers need to be educated about agroforestry practices and encouraged to switch from conventional agriculture to agroforestry through an increase in available technical assistance and capacitation/training in agroforestry practices. OI Krause, Torsten/0000-0002-2554-1503 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 6932 DI 10.3390/su11246932 UT WOS:000506899000049 ER PT J AU Sampantamit, T Noranarttragoon, P Lachat, C Goethals, P AF Sampantamit, Tiptiwa Noranarttragoon, Pavarot Lachat, Carl Goethals, Peter TI Evolution of Fish and Shellfish Supplies Originating from Wild Fisheries in Thailand Between 1995 and 2015 SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Fisheries resources play a crucial role in economic development, food security, and healthy nutrition for humans. Consequently, fisheries are of paramount importance for several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular SDGs 1 and 8, which are related to poverty and economic growth, as well as SDGs 2 and 3, which are about zero hunger and good health. On the other hand, fisheries can also negatively influence the ecosystem (SDG 14, life below water). Thailand is one of the world's most significant producers and exporters of fisheries products. This present work describes the evolution of wild fisheries production in Thailand for over twenty years and discusses its impact on fish and shellfish supplies. The present overview uses mainly the official statistical catch data of Thailand. From 1995 to 2015, Thailand's marine fisheries production gradually decreased from approximately 2.8 million tonnes to 1.3 million tonnes per year. Concerning taxonomic composition of the catches, no dramatic shifts were recorded during the 20-year period. The main observation seems that for less abundant taxa, such as Chirocentridae, Sillaginidae, Ariidae, Sharks, and Psettodidae, their part in the catch was halved between 1995 and 2015. On the other hand, inland capture fisheries remained constant at 0.2 million tonnes per year. The annual value of wild fisheries production was, on average US$1.7 billion. Notably, trawl fishing systematically reduced during these two decennia, resulting in a fishing efficiency of approximately 140 tonnes of demersal fish per trawl unit per year in 2015. During 2008-2015, the number of registered gill net fishing boats drastically increased from 2,300 to 6,600, and this has led to a dramatic decline in fishing efficiency to about 10% in 2014-2015. More in general, Thailand's continuous decline in marine capture production was linked to increased fuel prices, tightening restrictions by neighbouring countries for access into their exclusive economic zone, and the depletion of resources due to overfishing and illegal fishing. Against rising concerns about the sustainability of intensive fishing practices in recent years, Thailand is ramping up efforts to reduce the exploitation of fishery resources to levels that would achieve maximum sustainable yields. In particular, the intensity of fishing based on gill nets needs to be addressed in the future. Hence, Thailand's fisheries production faces the pressure of realising the importance of sustainable fisheries resources management and its impact on marine life and biodiversity, in addition to its role as a significant food source for a healthy population. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 7198 DI 10.3390/su11247198 UT WOS:000506899000297 ER PT J AU Xie, Y Wen, YL Cirella, GT AF Xie, Yi Wen, Yali Cirella, Giuseppe T. TI Application of Ostrom's Social-Ecological Systems Framework in Nature Reserves: Hybrid Psycho-Economic Model of Collective Forest Management SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Nature reserves (NRs) are complex social-ecological systems (SESs). In China, many collective forests (CFs), owned by villagers, are bound within NRs. This paper aimed at carrying out a dynamic analysis of three case studies of CF management based on Ostrom's SES conceptual framework. The hybrid psycho-economic model is designed within this context and tested. Results indicate that CF management is determined jointly by the interaction of all levels of governance based on subsystem characteristics (i.e., resource system, resource units, and actor system) specific to the local social, economic, and political settings. Use of the hybrid psycho-economic model compares one classified harmonious NR scenario with two conflictual ones. The model indicated the scenario with the harmonious NR as having less CF value at the resource level, less dependence on villagers for CF resources, stronger environmental awareness, lower levels of involvement from new actors, overarching governance control (i.e., by the NR administration), greater levels of self-organization (i.e., within villages), and augmented economic compensation and regulation from outside influences. The conflict-oriented NRs mostly revealed opposite sets of interaction. Different public policies, including the ecosystem service payment, are recommended for improving management of CFs in NRs. OI xie, yi/0000-0002-0859-382X EI 2071-1050 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 24 AR 6929 DI 10.3390/su11246929 UT WOS:000506899000046 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Hsu, SM Liao, SY Chen, TC Tseng, WC AF Chen, Yun-Ju Hsu, Sheng Ming Liao, Shu-Yi Chen, Tsung-Chi Tseng, Wei-Chun TI Natural Gas or Algal Reef: Survey-Based Valuations of Pro-Gas and Pro-Reef Groups Specifically for Policy Advising SO ENERGIES AB Much energy-related construction causes environmental concern. Sometimes the environmental issue is so huge that it is difficult to make a policy decision even with the assistance of traditional valuation techniques. The third natural gas receiving station at Datan, Taiwan, is one example of this. The construction would be beneficial to energy security, economic development, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 reduction. However, it would destroy a precious algal reef, which is a habitat for endangered species, biodiversity, and a unique ecological system. Thus, we used willingness-to-pay to show the strength of both pro-energy and pro-ecology opinions specifically to help with decision-making. First, respondents were asked to choose between the gas station and the reef. Then they were asked about their willingness to pay for that choice. We then estimated parametric/nonparametric models-traditional probit, structured probit, and Turnbull-to obtain reliable estimates. We found that the per-person value for pro-gas-station respondents was higher than that for pro-reef respondents, while the percentage of pro-reef respondents was higher than the percentage of pro-gas-station respondents. These results together form a clear policy implication for this case. EI 1996-1073 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 12 IS 24 AR 4682 DI 10.3390/en12244682 UT WOS:000506918400075 ER PT J AU Bains, M Laney, C Wolfe, AE Orr, M Waschek, JA Ericsson, AC Dorsam, GP AF Bains, Manpreet Laney, Caleb Wolfe, Annie E. Orr, Megan Waschek, James A. Ericsson, Aaron C. Dorsam, Glenn P. TI Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Deficiency Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota Communities in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is crucial for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) health. VIP sustains GIT homeostasis through maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier and acts as a potent anti-inflammatory mediator that contributes to gut bacterial tolerance. Based on these biological functions by VIP, we hypothesized that its deficiency would alter gut microbial ecology. To this end, fecal samples from male and female VIP+/+, VIP+/-, and VIP-/- littermates (n = 47) were collected and 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted. Our data revealed significant changes in bacterial composition, biodiversity, and weight loss from VIP-/- mice compared to VIP+/+ and VIP+/- littermates, irrespective of sex. The gut bacteria compositional changes observed in VIP-/- mice was consistent with gut microbial structure changes reported for certain inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Moreover, predicted functional changes by PICRUSt software suggested an energy surplus within the altered microbiota from VIP-/- mice. These data support that VIP plays an important role in maintaining microbiota balance, biodiversity, and GIT function, and its genetic removal results in significant gut microbiota restructuring and weight loss. SN 1664-302X PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 2689 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02689 UT WOS:000502744100001 PM 31849864 ER PT J AU Cunningham-Minnick, MJ Peters, VE Crist, TO AF Cunningham-Minnick, Michael J. Peters, Valerie E. Crist, Thomas O. TI Nesting habitat enhancement for wild bees within soybean fields increases crop production SO APIDOLOGIE AB Bee diversity is declining in agricultural landscapes, altering pollination services that may support or enhance crop yields. Pollination services provided by wild bees are often limited to field margins adjacent to natural habitats, but methods to increase pollinators and their ecosystem services within field interiors remain elusive. Evidence is growing that wild bees enhance yields of flowering crops, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). We tested responses of bee communities and soybean yield following pollinator exclosure and nesting manipulation experiments within production areas of the United States. We found that pollinator exclosures resulted in lower seed yield of soybean plants, and providing nesting substrate resulted in a yield increase as well as increases in ground-nesting bees. We provide evidence for soybean-associated bees and suggest these species may benefit from supplemental nesting substrate within production areas and increase soybean yields. SN 0044-8435 EI 1297-9678 DI 10.1007/s13592-019-00691-y EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000501307800005 ER PT J AU Taddeo, S Dronova, I AF Taddeo, Sophie Dronova, Iryna TI Landscape metrics of post-restoration vegetation dynamics in wetland ecosystems SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AB Context To monitor wetlands at regional scales, it is pivotal to identify metrics that show rapid and predictable responses to restoration interventions. Remote sensing can monitor such metrics at high frequency and low cost but remains underutilized in practice. Objectives This study sought to find a set of landscape metrics most responsive to restoration and vegetation dynamics across 11 years and 20 restored wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA. Methods Breakpoint analysis was used to detect phases in the development of vegetated pixels as estimated from the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from Landsat (2004-2017). Landscape metrics were then generated from land cover classifications based on high resolution aerial images from the National Agricultural Inventory Program (NAIP). Using hierarchical clustering, we grouped phases showing similar temporal characteristics. We selected a subset of landscape metrics that best described the spatial structure of vegetation and its dynamics in each phase type. Results We identified four phases in vegetation development: (1A) rapid increase; (1B) decrease; (2A) low change; (2B) low change with fluctuations. Landscape metrics showed a significant response to vegetation dynamics in our sample, suggesting their potential to expand current monitoring practices at low cost. Young sites and sites experiencing a rapid increase in greenness were characterized by a lower density of small patches, while older sites, reference sites, and low variability sites were characterized by large, clustered patches. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that open source remote sensing can detect patterns in wetland response to restoration and help identify factors promoting their recovery. OI Taddeo, Sophie/0000-0002-7789-1417 SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 DI 10.1007/s10980-019-00946-0 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499976700001 ER PT J AU Taylor, GS Hyder, BK Davies, KA AF Taylor, Gary S. Hyder, Brittany K. Davies, Kerrie A. TI New species of gall fly (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) in southern Australia and its associated parasitoids and inquilines SO ZOOTAXA AB A new species of gall fly, Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) is described from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) in southern Australia. The adult fly is yellow with dark brown to black markings, the male postgonitcs have one large distal tooth and an ovoid subapical lobe with two lateral setae, the female postabdomen is short and sparsely setose, and the wing has a posterior cross vein. The larva possesses a dorsal shield comprising rows of raised spicules on thoracic segments 1-3 and abdominal segments 1-7, and the puparium is heavily sclerotised dark brown, barrel-shaped, bearing the dorsal shield. Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. forms nodular 'stem' galls initiating from the axial shoot buds. The galls are 2-8 mm in diameter with an average volume of 123 (range 25-480) mm(3). Thirteen species of Hymenoptera, comprising primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the gall fly and associated lepidopteran inquilines, and three species of Lepidoptera inquilines were reared from galls of this new species. Fergusonina nodulosa sp. nov. is associated with the obligate mutualist nematode, Fergusobia camaldulensae Davies. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 4701 IS 5 BP 401 EP 416 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.5.1 UT WOS:000500715600001 ER PT J AU Li, B Zhao, Z Chen, YX Chen, HF Wu, ZY Li, SQ AF Li, Bing Zhao, Zhe Chen, Yuanxue Chen, Haifeng Wu, Zhiyan Li, Shuqiang TI Vappolotes, a new genus of coelotine spiders (Araneae, Agelenidae) from Guizhou, China SO ZOOTAXA AB A new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893, Vappolotes Zhao et S. Li gen. n., with two new species, V. ganlongensis Zhao et S. Li sp. n. (male female) and V. jianpingensis Zhao et S. Li sp. n. (female), is described. The genus is restricted to southern China (Guizhou). Its relationship to other coelotine genera is discussed. A partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I of both species were obtained to aid species identification at the molecular level. SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 4701 IS 5 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.5.3 UT WOS:000500715600003 ER PT J AU Zolin, MB Pastore, A Mazzarolo, M AF Zolin, Maria Bruna Pastore, Andrea Mazzarolo, Martina TI Common agricultural policy and sustainable management of areas with natural handicaps. The Veneto Region case study SO ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY AB Using a case study based in Veneto Region (Italy), the paper assesses whether the common agricultural policy influences the gross sellable product per hectare of utilised agricultural area, as a proxy of land productivity, and whether this effect changes according to different geographical areas (mountain, hill or plain). The regression analysis shows that the gross sellable product per hectare of utilised agricultural area is negatively correlated with the location of the farm in the mountains, confirming the existence of a gap between mountain and plain farms. The sellable product per hectare of utilised agricultural area is, moreover, positively influenced by the financial support of the first pillar for all farm locations with the exception of hill areas. The European payments of the second pillar, on the other hand, are positively correlated only with the gross sellable product per hectare of utilised agricultural area of hill farms. This trend, far from promoting a balanced and sustainable territorial development, is fuelling a dual agriculture with abandonment of agricultural land, together with environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity in areas with natural handicaps. The Farm Accountancy Data Network of 2015 is the source of microdata. SN 1387-585X EI 1573-2975 DI 10.1007/s10668-019-00537-8 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499972800002 ER PT J AU Woof, VG Ruane, H Ulph, F French, DP Qureshi, N Khan, N Evans, DG Donnelly, LS AF Woof, Victoria G. Ruane, Helen Ulph, Fiona French, David P. Qureshi, Nadeem Khan, Nasaim Evans, D. Gareth Donnelly, Louise S. TI Engagement barriers and service inequities in the NHS Breast Screening Programme: Views from British-Pakistani women SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING AB Objectives Previous research has largely attempted to explore breast screening experiences of South Asian women by combining opinions from Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Indian women. This research often fails to reach the most underserved sub-groups of this population, with socioeconomic status not routinely reported, and English fluency being a participation requirement. With uptake low amongst British-Pakistani women, this study explores the experiences these women encounter when accessing the NHS Breast Screening Programme. Methods 19 one-to-one semi-structured interviews were carried out with British-Pakistani women from East Lancashire, UK. 14 interviews were conducted via an interpreter. Results Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: 'Absence of autonomy in screening and healthcare access' describes how currently the screening service does not facilitate confidentiality or independence. Access requires third-party intervention, with language barriers preventing self-expression. 'Appraisal of information sources' makes distinctions between community and NHS communication. Whereas community communication was invaluable, NHS materials were deemed inaccessible due to translation incongruences and incomprehensible terminology. 'Personal suppositions of breast screening' explores the subjective issues associated with disengagement, including, the cultural misalignment of the service, and perceiving screening as a symptomatic service. Conclusions British-Pakistani women face some unique challenges when accessing breast screening. To promote uptake, the service needs to address the translation of screening materials and optimize upon community networks to disseminate knowledge, including knowledge of the screening environment within the context of culture to promote informed choice about attendance. OI Donnelly, Louise/0000-0002-6570-7272; Qureshi, Nadeem/0000-0003-4909-0644; Woof, Victoria Grace/0000-0003-4069-5188 SN 0969-1413 EI 1475-5793 AR 0969141319887405 DI 10.1177/0969141319887405 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500656400001 PM 31791172 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, Y Murase, A Honda, J Yamaide, J Senou, H AF Miyazaki, Yusuke Murase, Atsunobu Honda, Junichi Yamaide, Junichiro Senou, Hiroshi TI Usefulness of a Japanese internet community for fish conservation SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION AB Large biodiversity datasets are currently being collected not only by experts and amateur researchers, but also by the general public. In this study, records of non-native and Japanese Red List fishes observed by citizens were extracted from all 85,453 posts on the bulletin board system of WEB sakana-zukan, a web-based encyclopedia of Japanese fishes that went online in 2002. We found 681 (0.8%) and 549 (0.6%) posts containing attached images of non-native and Red Data Book fishes, resulting in 418 and 362 Japanese distributional records respectively. The number of posts and the composition of non-native species reflected the Japanese inland fisheries policy to increase target species. These data included records of exotic species (eleven taxa) whose introduction to Japan had been unknown previously, as well as records of nine exotic/domestic species whose introductions into specific Japanese regions had been unknown. Additionally, we identified the range extension of one Red Data Book species. These photographs were stored in a public museum's photographic collection for ongoing scientific use. Three heavy users of the website combined contributed 26.7% of the new distribution records (8/30 lots), while 15 light users contributed 50.0% (15/30 lots), suggesting that overall there is a greater contribution by light users. This indicates that a web community with abundant users can accumulate new biodiversity observations better than one with fewer users but many posts per user. Our results show that this web-community was able to contribute to monitoring non-native and Red List fishes in conjunction with expert participation, and therefore that web-communities targeting living organisms can contribute to biodiversity conservation. OI Miyazaki, Yusuke/0000-0002-3646-1162 SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 DI 10.1007/s10531-019-01902-9 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499992100001 ER PT J AU Smith, OM Kennedy, CM Owen, JP Northfield, TD Latimer, CE Snyder, WE AF Smith, Olivia M. Kennedy, Christina M. Owen, Jeb P. Northfield, Tobin D. Latimer, Christopher E. Snyder, William E. TI Highly diversified crop-livestock farming systems reshape wild bird communities SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Agricultural intensification is a leading threat to bird conservation. Highly diversified farming systems that integrate livestock and crop production might promote a diversity of habitats useful to native birds foraging across otherwise-simplified landscapes. At the same time, these features might be attractive to nonnative birds linked to a broad range of disservices to both crop and livestock production. We evaluated the influence of crop-livestock integration on wild bird richness and density along a north-south transect spanning the U.S. West Coast. We surveyed birds on 52 farms that grew primarily mixed vegetables and fruits alone or integrated livestock into production. Crop-livestock systems harbored higher native bird density and richness relative to crop-only farms, a benefit more pronounced on farms embedded in nonnatural landscapes. Crop-livestock systems bolstered native insectivores linked to the suppression of agricultural pest insects but did not bolster native granivores that may be more likely to damage crops. Crop-livestock systems also significantly increased the density of nonnative birds, primarily European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) that may compete with native birds for resources. Models supported a small, positive correlation between nonnative density and overall native bird density as well as between nonnative density and native granivore density. Relative to crop-only farms, on average, crop-livestock systems exhibited 1.5 times higher patch richness, 2.4 times higher density of farm structures, 7.3 times smaller field sizes, 2.4 times greater integration of woody crops, and 5.3 times greater integration of pasture/hay habitat on farm. Wild birds may have responded to this habitat diversity and/or associated food resources. Individual farm factors had significantly lower predictive power than farming system alone (change in C statistic information criterion (Delta CIC) = 80.2), suggesting crop-livestock systems may impact wild birds through a suite of factors that change with system conversion. Collectively, our findings suggest that farms that integrate livestock and crop production can attract robust native bird communities, especially within landscapes devoted to intensified food production. However, additional work is needed to demonstrate persistent farm bird communities through time, ecophysiological benefits to birds foraging on these farms, and net effects of both native and nonnative wild birds in agroecosystems. RI ; Northfield, Tobin/I-2323-2013 OI Owen, Jeb/0000-0002-2042-0526; Northfield, Tobin/0000-0002-0563-485X; Snyder, William/0000-0002-2747-3102; Kennedy, Christina/0000-0001-8902-8728; Smith, Olivia/0000-0002-9404-0243 SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 DI 10.1002/eap.2031 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500189100001 PM 31674710 ER PT J AU So, JS Sand-Jensen, K Baastrup-Spohr, L AF Stage So, Jonas Sand-Jensen, Kaj Baastrup-Spohr, Lars TI Temporal development of biodiversity of macrophytes in newly established lakes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY AB Every year, a vast number of wetlands are constructed to restore ecosystem function and biodiversity, thus counteracting massive historical losses by reclamation to farmland. However, our knowledge of the long-term effects on biodiversity, particularly of large systems such as lakes, is very limited. Our objective was to follow the development of macrophytes over 3-4 decades in 24 new, shallow, eutrophic lakes in order to test the hypotheses that: (1) species richness reaches a maximum after some years and then declines; and (2) species composition changes substantially from small early colonisers to taller, competitive later colonisers, which causes ongoing high beta-diversity. A generalised linear mixed-effect model showed that species richness was related to lake size, phosphorus concentration and spatial setting, which are known to influence natural lakes as well. Moreover, species composition and richness were affected by lake age. Species colonised rapidly and richness peaked at an intermediate age and then declined. Temporal species turnover within lakes was high in three lake age groups of <= 10, 11-20 or >20 years since establishment, although lowest after 11-20 years. Species replacement tended to contribute most to beta-diversity in the youngest lakes, whereas richness fluctuated in older lakes and appeared to contribute most to temporal turnover there. Early colonisers in <= 10-year-old lakes were commonly replaced by tall canopy-forming species in 11-20-year-old lakes, probably as a result of increasing competition for light and space over time. After 20 years, rootless Ceratophyllum submersum as well as species with floating and emergent leaves became dominant, potentially due to the gradual accumulation of more organic sediment difficult to root and grow in, along with gradually reduced light penetration in the water. Establishing new lakes for biodiversity remains a challenge because of the falling richness and continuous species turnover with lake age, but our results suggest that constructing large, nutrient-poor lakes in species-rich landscapes ensures the best prerequisites for obtaining diverse communities. RI Baastrup-Spohr, Lars/K-4696-2014 OI Baastrup-Spohr, Lars/0000-0001-8382-984X; Stage So, Jonas/0000-0002-3222-3706 SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 65 IS 3 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1111/fwb.13431 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500177900001 ER PT J AU Okamoto, KW Amarasekare, P Post, DM Vasseur, DA Turner, PE AF Okamoto, Kenichi W. Amarasekare, Priyanga Post, David M. Vasseur, David A. Turner, Paul E. TI The interplay between host community structure and pathogen life-history constraints in driving the evolution of host-range shifts SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY AB The ability of pathogens and parasites to adaptively exploit novel hosts has contributed to their unparalleled diversification along the tree of life. Moreover, evolved host-range shifts are of particular applied interest - for instance, zoonotic 'spillovers' towards humans motivate growing concern about emerging infectious diseases. Thus, identifying the constraints upon, and conditions conducive to, host switching by pathogens is critical to addressing pressing public health and agricultural problems, as well as to understand a major driver of biodiversity. How do processes that structure host communities (such as among-host competition) set the selective context for the evolution of pathogen host ranges, and how do these processes interact with trade-offs constraining the evolution of a pathogen's ability to exploit its host? Here, we develop a theoretical framework to understand how resource competition among hosts interacts with constraints on pathogen biology in driving host shifts. We characterize how antagonistic pleiotropy in the pathogen's ability to exploit hosts can counteract ecological selection towards host-range shifts. We find that although the effects of apparent competition on host-range shifts are mediated through the ancestral pathogen's direct and indirect effects on the entire host community, the effects of exploitative competition on host-range shifts are mediated through exploitative competition's effect on the previously unexploited host. Finally, we show that even when changes in host community structure create conditions conducive to host switching, a general trade-off between pathogen virulence and burst size can prevent pathogens from evolving seemingly adaptive patterns of host use. We illustrate how these constraints faced by pathogens shape the eco-evolutionary interaction between pathogen evolution and host communities. We discuss how our results inform predictions about the kinds of pathogen lineages likely to exhibit host-range shifts, and the role of apparent versus direct competition in structuring host-pathogen communities over evolutionary time. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.13467 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500053000001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, E Salvo, A Valladares, G AF Gonzalez, Ezequiel Salvo, Adriana Valladares, Graciela TI Insects moving through forest-crop edges: a comparison among sampling methods SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION AB Edges between natural and cultivated habitats have become dominant elements of all terrestrial ecosystems. Interchanges of several groups of organisms, such as insects, occur through these edges, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and conservation of species and communities of neighboring habitats. Different trap types are used for collecting moving insects, although their effectiveness and complementarity for sampling in edges were not previously analyzed. Here, we evaluated the assemblages collected with three commonly used trap types (flight interception-FITs, yellow pan, and pitfall traps) at the boundaries between soybean fields and native forests in Central Argentina. We compared trap types from a taxonomic and functional perspective and determined their complementarity (how different assemblages were). In total, 66,949 arthropods from 1007 species were collected. Yellow pan traps collected more species and individuals, followed by FITs and pitfall traps. Pan traps and FITs showed low complementarity, whereas both types of traps were complementary to assemblages from pitfall traps. Yellow pan traps were also linked to higher species richness of most functional groups, whereas abundances and functional composition showed different patterns. Pan traps were linked to herbivores and natural enemies, and FITs with detritivores and, to a lesser extent, pollinators. These results suggest that the combination of pitfall traps with a trap for flying insects could provide a better representation of insect communities moving through edges. The choice between pan and FITs will be related to the main groups of interest, the costs and simplicity of use, and the relevance of quantifying directional movement. SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 DI 10.1007/s10841-019-00201-6 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500542000001 ER PT J AU Jung, M Rowhani, P Scharlemann, JPW AF Jung, Martin Rowhani, Pedram Scharlemann, Joern P. W. TI Impacts of past abrupt land change on local biodiversity globally SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS AB Abrupt land change, such as deforestation or agricultural intensification, is a key driver of biodiversity change. Following abrupt land change, local biodiversity often continues to be influenced through biotic lag effects. However, current understanding of how terrestrial biodiversity is impacted by past abrupt land changes is incomplete. Here we show that abrupt land change in the past continues to influence present species assemblages globally. We combine geographically and taxonomically broad data on local biodiversity with quantitative estimates of abrupt land change detected within time series of satellite imagery from 1982 to 2015. Species richness and abundance were 4.2% and 2% lower, respectively, and assemblage composition was altered at sites with an abrupt land change compared to unchanged sites, although impacts differed among taxonomic groups. Biodiversity recovered to levels comparable to unchanged sites after >10 years. Ignoring delayed impacts of abrupt land changes likely results in incomplete assessments of biodiversity change. RI Jung, Martin/C-3996-2014; Scharlemann, Jorn/A-4737-2008 OI Jung, Martin/0000-0002-7569-1390; Scharlemann, Jorn/0000-0002-2834-6367 SN 2041-1723 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 10 AR 5474 DI 10.1038/s41467-019-13452-3 UT WOS:000500481200001 PM 31792206 ER PT J AU Perez-Barros, P Albano, M Diez, MJ Lovrich, GA AF Perez-Barros, Patricia Albano, Mariano Diez, Mariano J. Lovrich, Gustavo A. TI Pole to pole: the deep-sea king crab Lithodes couesi (Decapoda: Lithodidae) in the Burdwood Bank, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean SO POLAR BIOLOGY AB In recent years, remote exploration around the Scotia Arc and waters off the Antarctic Peninsula yielded new records of Lithodidae suggesting our knowledge on their distribution is biased by our ability to sample areas with difficult access. In the present study, we used molecular methods to identify and report the occurrence of the deep-sea king crab Lithodes couesi, so far reported as a North Pacific lithodid, in the marine protected area (MPA) Namuncura/Burdwood Bank II, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean; more than 10,000 km away from its known distribution. Our finding suggests that the distributions of deep-water lithodid species are more extensive than they have been previously thought. We emphasize the need for a worldwide key to identify lithodid species, and prompt to barcoding specimens, at least those from poorly known species or remote locations, in order to corroborate their specific status. Finally, our study stresses the importance of MPAs in the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the processes involved in its evolution. SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 DI 10.1007/s00300-019-02609-x EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500235800001 ER PT J AU Gouveia, MH Cesar, CC Santolalla, ML Anna, HPS Scliar, MO Leal, TP Araujo, NM Soares-Souza, GB Magalhaes, WCS Mata, IF Ferri, CP Castro-Costa, E Mbulaiteye, SM Tishkoff, SA Shriner, D Rotimi, CN Tarazona-Santos, E Lima-Costa, MF AF Gouveia, Mateus H. Cesar, Cibele C. Santolalla, Meddly L. Anna, Hanaisa P. Sant Scliar, Marilia O. Leal, Thiago P. Araujo, Nathalia M. Soares-Souza, Giordano B. Magalhaes, Wagner C. S. Mata, Ignacio F. Ferri, Cleusa P. Castro-Costa, Erico Mbulaiteye, Sam M. Tishkoff, Sarah A. Shriner, Daniel Rotimi, Charles N. Tarazona-Santos, Eduardo Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda TI Genetics of cognitive trajectory in Brazilians: 15 years of follow-up from the Bambui-Epigen Cohort Study of Aging SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Age-related cognitive decline (ACD) is the gradual process of decreasing of cognitive function over age. Most genetic risk factors for ACD have been identified in European populations and there are no reports in admixed Latin American individuals. We performed admixture mapping, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), and fine-mapping to examine genetic factors associated with 15-year cognitive trajectory in 1,407 Brazilian older adults, comprising 14,956 Mini-Mental State Examination measures. Participants were enrolled as part of the Bambui-Epigen Cohort Study of Aging. Our admixture mapping analysis identified a genomic region (3p24.2) in which increased Native American ancestry was significantly associated with faster ACD. Fine-mapping of this region identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs142380904 (beta = -0.044, SE = 0.01, p= 7.5 x 10(-5)) associated with ACD. In addition, our GWAS identified 24 associated SNPs, most in genes previously reported to influence cognitive function. The top six associated SNPs accounted for 18.5% of the ACD variance in our data. Furthermore, our longitudinal study replicated previous GWAS hits for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Our 15-year longitudinal study identified both ancestry-specific and cosmopolitan genetic variants associated with ACD in Brazilians, highlighting the need for more trans-ancestry genomic studies, especially in underrepresented ethnic groups. OI Pla Sant Anna, Hanaisa/0000-0003-0031-0554 SN 2045-2322 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 18085 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-53988-4 UT WOS:000500549400001 PM 31792241 ER PT J AU San-Jose, M Arroyo-Rodriguez, V Meave, JA AF San-Jose, Miriam Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor Meave, Jorge A. TI Regional context and dispersal mode drive the impact of landscape structure on seed dispersal SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Land-use change modifies the spatial structure of tropical landscapes, shaping global biodiversity patterns. Yet, it remains unknown how key ecological processes, such as seed dispersal, can be affected by changes in landscape patterns, and whether such effects differ among regions with different climate and disturbance intensity. We assessed the effect of five landscape metrics (forest cover, matrix openness, forest edge density, forest fragmentation, and interpatch distance) on the seed rain recorded in two Mexican fragmented regions (20 forest sites per region): the more deforested, defaunated, and windy Los Tuxtlas rainforest (LTX), and the better-preserved Lacandona rainforest (LAC). We quantified the proportions of dispersed tree species and their seeds, separately evaluating wind- and animal-dispersed species. Our findings support the hypothesis that forest loss is more important than fragmentation per se, negatively impacting the seed rain in both regions. As expected, landscape patterns were comparatively more important for wind-dispersed seeds in LTX, probably because of stronger wind events in this region. Specifically, proportions of wind-dispersed seeds and species decreased with increasing edge density, suggesting that forest edges prevent dispersal of wind-dispersed species, which may occur if edges create physical barriers that limit wind flow. This pattern can also be caused by source limitation in landscapes with more forest edges, as tree mortality rates usually increase at forest edges. The wind-dispersed seed rain was also positively related to matrix openness, especially in LTX, where wind flow can be favored by the dominance of treeless anthropogenic matrices. Surprisingly, the proportion of animal-dispersed seeds in LTX was positively related to matrix openness and patch isolation, suggesting that seed dispersers in more deforested regions may be forced to concentrate in isolated patches and use the available habitat more intensively. Yet, as expected, patch isolation limited wind-dispersed seeds in LAC. Therefore, dispersal (and potentially regeneration) of wind-dispersed trees is favored in regions exposed to stronger wind events, especially in landscapes dominated by regularly shaped patches surrounded by open areas. Conversely, animal-dispersed seeds are primarily favored by increasing forest cover. Preventing forest loss is therefore critical to promote animal seed dispersal and forest recovery in human-modified rainforests. OI San-Jose, Miriam/0000-0003-4601-9148; Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor/0000-0002-0858-0324 SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 DI 10.1002/eap.2033 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499918200001 PM 31677313 ER PT J AU Booth, H Squires, D Milner-Gulland, EJ AF Booth, Hollie Squires, Dale Milner-Gulland, Eleanor Jane TI The mitigation hierarchy for sharks: A risk-based framework for reconciling trade-offs between shark conservation and fisheries objectives SO FISH AND FISHERIES AB Sharks and their cartilaginous relatives are one of the world's most threatened species groups. The primary cause is overfishing in targeted and bycatch fisheries. Reductions in fishing mortality are needed to halt shark population declines. However, this requires complex fisheries management decisions, which often entail trade-offs between conservation objectives and fisheries objectives. We propose the mitigation hierarchy (MH)-a step-wise precautionary approach for minimizing the impacts of human activity on biodiversity-as a novel framework for supporting these management decisions. We outline a holistic conceptual model for risks to sharks in fisheries, which includes biophysical, operational and socioeconomic considerations. We then demonstrate how this model, in conjunction with the MH, can support risk-based least cost shark conservation. Through providing examples from real-world fishery management problems, we illustrate how the MH can be applied to a range of species, fisheries and contexts, and explore some of the opportunities and challenges hereto. Finally, we outline next steps for research and implementation. This is important in the context of increasing international regulation of shark fishing and trade, which must lead to reductions in shark mortality, while managing trade-offs between conservation objectives and the socioeconomic value of fisheries. OI Milner-Gulland, E.J./0000-0003-0324-2710; Booth, Hollie/0000-0003-4339-820X SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 DI 10.1111/faf.12429 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000500171200001 ER PT J AU Riaz, M Kuemmerlen, M Wittwer, C Cocchiararo, B Khaliq, R Pfenninger, M Nowak, C AF Riaz, Maria Kuemmerlen, Mathias Wittwer, Claudia Cocchiararo, Berardino Khaliq, Ran Pfenninger, Markus Nowak, Carsten TI Combining environmental DNA and species distribution modeling to evaluate reintroduction success of a freshwater fish SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB Active species reintroduction is an important conservation tool when aiming for the restoration of biological communities and ecosystems. The effective monitoring of reintroduction success is a crucial factor in this process. Here, we used a combination of environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques and species distribution models (SDMs) to evaluate the success of recent reintroductions of the freshwater fish Alburnoides bipunctatus in central Germany. We built SDMs without and with eDNA presence data to locate further suitable reintroduction sites and potentially overlooked populations of the species. We successfully detected eDNA of A. bipunctatus at all reintroduction sites, as well as several adjacent sites mostly in downstream direction, which supports the success of reintroduction efforts. eDNA-based species detection considerably improved SDMs for A. bipunctatus, which allowed to identify species presence in previously unknown localities. Our results confirm the usefulness of eDNA techniques as standard tool to monitor reintroduced fish populations. We propose that combining eDNA with SDMs is a highly effective approach for long-term monitoring of reintroduction success in aquatic species. SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 DI 10.1002/eap.2034 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499835600001 PM 31680362 ER PT J AU Milhau, T Valentini, A Poulet, N Roset, N Jean, P Gaboriaud, C Dejean, T AF Milhau, Tristan Valentini, Alice Poulet, Nicolas Roset, Nicolas Jean, Pauline Gaboriaud, Coline Dejean, Tony TI Seasonal dynamics of riverine fish communities using eDNA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY AB As fish communities are a major concern in rivers ecosystems, we investigated if their environmental (e)DNA signals vary according to the sampling period or hydromorphological conditions. Three rivers were studied over a year using eDNA metabarcoding approach. The majority of the species (c. 80%) were detected all year round in two rivers having similar hydromorphological conditions, whereas in the river affected by an upstream lake waterflow, more species were detected sporadically (42%). For all the rivers, in more than 98% of the occasional detections, the reads abundance represented <0.4% of the total reads per site and per sampling session. Even if the majority of the fish communities remained similar over the year for each of the three rivers, specific seasonal patterns were observed. We studied if the waterflow or the reproduction period had an effect on the observed dynamics. Waterflow, which influences eDNA downstream transportation, had a global influence in taxonomic richness, while the fishes' reproductive period had only an influence on certain species. Our results may help selecting the best sampling strategy according to research objectives. To study fish communities at local scale, seasons of low waterflow periods are recommended. This particularly helps to restraint effects of external eDNA coming from connections with other aquatic environment (tributaries, lakes, wetlands, sewage effluents, etc.). To obtain a more integrative overview of the fish community living in a river basin, high waterflow or breeding seasons are preferable for enhancing species detection probability, especially for rare species. OI Milhau, Tristan/0000-0003-0120-1384 SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 DI 10.1111/jfb.14190 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499880200001 PM 31674010 ER PT J AU Sommeria-Klein, G Zinger, L Coissac, E Iribar, A Schimann, H Taberlet, P Chave, J AF Sommeria-Klein, Guilhem Zinger, Lucie Coissac, Eric Iribar, Amaia Schimann, Heidy Taberlet, Pierre Chave, Jerome TI Latent Dirichlet Allocation reveals spatial and taxonomic structure in a DNA-based census of soil biodiversity from a tropical forest SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES AB High-throughput sequencing of amplicons from environmental DNA samples permits rapid, standardized and comprehensive biodiversity assessments. However, retrieving and interpreting the structure of such data sets requires efficient methods for dimensionality reduction. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) can be used to decompose environmental DNA samples into overlapping assemblages of co-occurring taxa. It is a flexible model-based method adapted to uneven sample sizes and to large and sparse data sets. Here, we compare LDA performance on abundance and occurrence data, and we quantify the robustness of the LDA decomposition by measuring its stability with respect to the algorithm's initialization. We then apply LDA to a survey of 1,131 soil DNA samples that were collected in a 12-ha plot of primary tropical forest and amplified using standard primers for bacteria, protists, fungi and metazoans. The analysis reveals that bacteria, protists and fungi exhibit a strong spatial structure, which matches the topographical features of the plot, while metazoans do not, confirming that microbial diversity is primarily controlled by environmental variation at the studied scale. We conclude that LDA is a sensitive, robust and computationally efficient method to detect and interpret the structure of large DNA-based biodiversity data sets. We finally discuss the possible future applications of this approach for the study of biodiversity. RI Coissac, Eric/AAE-8735-2019; Zinger, Lucie/D-2527-2010 OI Coissac, Eric/0000-0001-7507-6729; Zinger, Lucie/0000-0002-3400-5825; Sommeria-Klein, Guilhem/0000-0002-5331-3639 SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.13109 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499787400001 PM 31650682 ER PT J AU Dagallier, LPMJ Janssens, SB Dauby, G Blach-Overgaard, A Mackinder, BA Droissart, V Svenning, JC Sosef, MSM Stevart, T Harris, DJ Sonke, B Wieringa, JJ Hardy, OJ Couvreur, TLP AF Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J. Janssens, Steven B. Dauby, Gilles Blach-Overgaard, Anne Mackinder, Barbara A. Droissart, Vincent Svenning, Jens-Christian Sosef, Marc S. M. Stevart, Tariq Harris, David J. Sonke, Bonaventure Wieringa, Jan J. Hardy, Olivier J. Couvreur, Thomas L. P. TI Cradles and museums of generic plant diversity across tropical Africa SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST AB Determining where species diversify (cradles) and persist (museums) over evolutionary time is fundamental to understanding the distribution of biodiversity and for conservation prioritization. Here, we identify cradles and museums of angiosperm generic diversity across tropical Africa, one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Regions containing nonrandom concentrations of young (neo-) and old (paleo-) endemic taxa were identified using distribution data of 1719 genera combined with a newly generated time-calibrated mega-phylogenetic tree. We then compared the identified regions with the current network of African protected areas (PAs). At the generic level, phylogenetic diversity and endemism are mainly concentrated in the biogeographically complex region of Eastern Africa. We show that mountainous areas are centres of both neo- and paleo-endemism. By contrast, the Guineo-Congolian lowland rain forest region is characterized by widespread and old lineages. We found that the overlap between centres of phylogenetic endemism and PAs is high (> 85%). We show the vital role played by mountains acting simultaneously as cradles and museums of tropical African plant biodiversity. By contrast, lowland rainforests act mainly as museums for generic diversity. Our study shows that incorporating large-scale taxonomically verified distribution datasets and mega-phylogenies lead to an improved understanding of tropical plant biodiversity evolution. RI Wieringa, Jan J./D-9517-2015; Sosef, Marc/N-3655-2017; Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; Blach-Overgaard, Anne/N-3105-2014; Droissart, Vincent/K-2507-2016 OI Wieringa, Jan J./0000-0003-0566-372X; Dagallier, Leo-Paul/0000-0002-3270-1544; Sosef, Marc/0000-0002-6997-5813; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Blach-Overgaard, Anne/0000-0002-0200-1547; Gilles, Dauby/0000-0002-9498-413X; Harris, David/0000-0002-6801-2484; Droissart, Vincent/0000-0001-9798-5616 SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 225 IS 5 BP 2196 EP 2213 DI 10.1111/nph.16293 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499888700001 PM 31665816 ER PT J AU Oldfather, MF Kling, MM Sheth, SN Emery, NC Ackerly, DD AF Oldfather, Meagan F. Kling, Matthew M. Sheth, Seema N. Emery, Nancy C. Ackerly, David D. TI Range edges in heterogeneous landscapes: Integrating geographic scale and climate complexity into range dynamics SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB The impacts of climate change have re-energized interest in understanding the role of climate in setting species geographic range edges. Despite the strong focus on species' distributions in ecology and evolution, defining a species range edge is theoretically and empirically difficult. The challenge of determining a range edge and its relationship to climate is in part driven by the nested nature of geography and the multidimensionality of climate, which together generate complex patterns of both climate and biotic distributions across landscapes. Because range-limiting processes occur in both geographic and climate space, the relationship between these two spaces plays a critical role in setting range limits. With both conceptual and empirical support, we argue that three factors-climate heterogeneity, collinearity among climate variables, and spatial scale-interact to shape the spatial structure of range edges along climate gradients, and we discuss several ways that these factors influence the stability of species range edges with a changing climate. We demonstrate that geographic and climate edges are often not concordant across species ranges. Furthermore, high climate heterogeneity and low climate collinearity across landscapes increase the spectrum of possible relationships between geographic and climatic space, suggesting that geographic range edges and climatic niche limits correspond less frequently than we may expect. More empirical explorations of how the complexity of real landscapes shapes the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine species range edges will advance the development of range limit theory and its applications to biodiversity conservation in the context of changing climate. OI EMERY, NANCY/0000-0003-0278-514X; Oldfather, Meagan/0000-0003-3256-4786; Sheth, Seema/0000-0001-8284-7608; Kling, Matthew/0000-0001-9073-4240 SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 DI 10.1111/gcb.14897 EA DEC 2019 UT WOS:000499919500001 PM 31674701 ER PT J AU Wiese, LK Galvin, JE Williams, CL AF Wiese, Lisa Kirk Galvin, James. E. Williams, Christine L. TI Rural stakeholder perceptions about cognitive screening SO AGING & MENTAL HEALTH AB Objectives: The study aims were to explore stakeholder perceptions about cognitive screening in a rural, ethnically diverse, underserved setting, and to examine whether perceptions varied by years lived in a rural area, career, health literacy, willingness to be screened, ethnicity, education, or age. Methods: Twenty-one rural, ethnically diverse stakeholders completed an open-ended interview of five questions and a measure regarding perceptions about cognitive screening (PRISM-PC, Boustani, et?al., 2008). Open coding using the in vivo process (Salda?a, 2015) to ?derive codes from the actual participant language? (p. 77) was used to analyze the qualitative data. We used Pearson correlation to examine relationships between the PRISM-PC and sociodemographics including age, years of education, health literacy, years lived in rural areas, and willingness to participate in cognitive screening. Results: Eight codes and two themes were identified from the in vivo analysis. The eight codes were ?a sentence being pronounced over the lives?, ?keep everybody at home?, ?Education is big?, the trust issues is everything here?, ?identify support systems?, ?access to care?, and ?there is a cost to do that?. The two themes were ?Trust is the essential component of connecting with Community?, and (2) ?The Community recognizes the importance of knowledge in improving care. PRISM-PC results added new information in that persons were concerned about the emotional and financial burden on their families. Overall, regardless of age, careers, care involvement, health literacy, or education, 81% of stakeholders indicated they would seek annual cognitive screening. Discussion: It is important for rural health professionals to consider that contrary to previous stigma concerns, stakeholders may support earlier dementia detection. OI Wiese, Lisa/0000-0002-4830-683X SN 1360-7863 EI 1364-6915 PD DEC 2 PY 2019 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1616 EP 1628 DI 10.1080/13607863.2018.1525607 UT WOS:000492447600002 PM 30588841 ER PT J AU Yu, KJ Yu, WY Lin, GX Zhang, JQ Bai, Z AF Yu Kongjian Yu Wenyu Lin Guoxiong Zhang Jianqiao Bai Zhen TI SLOWING DOWN NUTRIENT FLOWS - ECOLOGICAL DESIGN OF THE FENGXIANG PARK ON THE MEISHE RIVER IN HAIKOU SO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS AB Haikou is a coastal tourist city in Hainan Province of South China with beautiful natural landscapes. During the rapid urbanization in the past decades, the role of natural rivers as city's water ecological infrastructure has been long-time neglected, resulting in a sharp deterioration of urban ecological resilience and security. Fengxiang Park, sitting at the middle reaches of the Meishe River, is a key ecological node in the watershed, which however had suffered from severe ecological problems. In this demonstrative project, the site was envisioned as an urban park which mitigates urban flooding and water pollution and provides citizens a quality waterfront with pleasant, slow living environment through a substantial ecosystem improvement with means of Design Ecology. Techniques of green sponge construction and the reinforced constructed wetland system deployed in the park have effectively slowed down the flow of water and nutrients, restored habitats for fauna and flora, and increased biodiversity; the introduction of a diversity of slow traffic system has brought vitality to the city by encouraging green traffic modes among citizens and tourists, creating a new tourism, recreational, and cultural destination for the city. More importantly, in view of increasingly severe issues such as water pollution and shortage around the globe, this project shows an obvious reference significance to other practices in urban water quality improvement, flooding control, and the creation of public spaces to provide social and cultural services. SN 2095-5405 EI 2095-5413 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 6 BP 102 EP 115 DI 10.15302/J-LAF-1-040011 UT WOS:000511437300010 ER PT J AU Dassou, AG Vodouhe, SD Bokonon-Ganta, A Goergen, G Chailleux, A Dansi, A Carval, D Tixier, P AF Dassou, A. G. Vodouhe, S. D. Bokonon-Ganta, A. Goergen, G. Chailleux, A. Dansi, A. Carval, D. Tixier, P. TI Associated cultivated plants in tomato cropping systems structure arthropod communities and increase the Helicoverpa armigera regulation SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH AB Cultivating plant mixtures is expected to provide a higher productivity and a better control of pests and diseases. The structure of the arthropod community is a major driver of the magnitude of natural pest regulations. With the aim of optimizing pest management, a study was carried out to determine the effect of the cropping system type (tomato mono-cropping vs. mixed-cropping) on the diversity and abundance of arthropods from three trophic groups (herbivores, omnivores, predators) and the abundance of Helicoverpa armigera. Therefore, the diversity of cultivated plants and arthropod communities was assessed within tomato fields from 30 farmer's fields randomly selected in South of Benin. Results showed that the arthropod abundance was significantly higher in mixed-cropping systems compared with mono-cropping systems, although the crop type did not alter significantly the arthropod diversity, evenness, and richness. At the level of taxa, the abundances of generalist predators including ants (Pheidole spp., and Paltothyreus tarsatus) and spiders (Araneus spp. and Erigone sp.) were significantly higher in mixed fields than in mono-crop fields. Then, the abundances of omnivore-predator trophic groups have a negative significant effect on the H. armigera abundance. This study allowed better understanding of how plant diversity associated to tomato fields structures arthropod's food webs to finally enhance the ecological management of H. armigera. RI Tixier, Philippe/C-2119-2008 OI Tixier, Philippe/0000-0001-5147-9777 SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 109 IS 6 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1017/S0007485319000117 UT WOS:000511385200004 PM 30968787 ER PT J AU Celebias, P Melke, A Gwiazdowicz, DJ Przewozny, M Komosinski, K Baraniak, E Winnicka, K Melosik, I Ziomek, J AF Celebias, P. Melke, A. Gwiazdowicz, D. J. Przewozny, M. Komosinski, K. Baraniak, E. Winnicka, K. Melosik, I Ziomek, J. TI Species composition, diversity, and the abundance of arthropods inhabiting burrows of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH AB The is insufficient knowledge of arthropod communities occurring in specific microhabitats. In this study, we characterize the arthropod assemblages inhabiting burrows of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.) and factors that determine their diversity and abundance. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) arthropod assemblages are associated with a particular dominant vegetation occurring in the vicinity of burrows; (2) a correlation exists between fine-scale geographic distances among burrows and assemblage dissimilarity; and (3) the type of trap influences the sampling success of captured arthropods. We found 73 morphospecies belonging to 16 families in 109 burrows, most of which were in the families Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) and Parasitidae (Arachnida: Acari: Mesostigmata). The most abundant families were Staphylinidae, Cryptophagidae (Coleoptera), Parasitidae, and Macrochelidae (Mesostigmata) (78.89%). Among the identified species, we found Aleochara irmgardis (Staphylinidae) and Poecilochirus sexclavatus (Parasitidae) which had not yet been reported in Poland, and several other rare species. Meat-baited traps captured 64.34% more individuals, which were more diverse and species-rich than the non-baited control traps, but the former was more selective for saprophages, necrophages, and coprophages. The burrows located in areas overgrown by triticale (a hybrid of wheat and rye) were inhabited by 69.86% of the identified arthropod species, and these also had the highest abundance (64.07%) in comparison with other habitats. However, differences in sample size biased our results toward and overestimate arthropods associated with this vegetation. This study underlines that the species composition detected in burrows was affected by the methods used and hamster preferences fora specific habitat rather than the geographic proximity of the burrows. More extensive sampling across multiple habitats will be necessary to confirm our findings. OI , Andrzej Melke/0000-0002-2039-7979; Winnicka, Katarzyna/0000-0001-6719-4995 SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 109 IS 6 BP 781 EP 793 DI 10.1017/S0007485319000087 UT WOS:000511385200009 PM 30968794 ER PT J AU Pinto, R Antunes, P Blumentrath, S Brouwer, R Clemente, P Santos, R AF Pinto, Rute Antunes, Paula Blumentrath, Stefan Brouwer, Roy Clemente, Pedro Santos, Rui TI Spatial modelling of biodiversity conservation priorities in Portugal's Montado ecosystem using Marxan with Zones SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Spatial models are increasingly being used to target the most suitable areas for biodiversity conservation. This study investigates how the spatial toot Marxan with Zones (MARZONE) can be used to support the design of cost-effective biodiversity conservation policy. New in this study is the spatial analysis of the costs and effectiveness of different agro-environmental measures (AEMs) for habitat and biodiversity conservation in the Montado ecosystem in Portugal. A distinction is made between the financial costs paid to participating landowners and farmers for adopting AEMs and the broader economic opportunity costs of the corresponding land-use changes. Habitat and species conservation targets are furthermore defined interactively with the local government agency responsible for the management of protected areas, while the costs of agro-forestry activities and alternative land uses are estimated in direct consultation with local landowners. MARZONE identifies the spatial distribution of priority areas for conservation and the associated costs, some of which overlap with existing protected areas. These results provide useful insights into the trade-offs between nature conservation and the opportunity costs of protecting ecologically vulnerable areas, helping to improve current and future conservation policy design. SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000249 UT WOS:000511399300002 ER PT J AU Cunha, HFA de Souza, AF da Silva, JMC AF Albuquerque Cunha, Helenilza Ferreira de Souza, Adriano Ferreira da Silva, Jose Maria Cardoso TI Public support for protected areas in new forest frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Gazetting and maintaining protected areas (PAs) are political processes and, as such, depend on wider society's support in order to achieve their aims. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of gender, education, age, income, place of origin and place of residence on public support for PM in the Brazilian state of Amapa, a new tropical forest frontier. We gathered 615 complete interviews with adults living in both rural and urban settings. We found that most (90.5%) of the participants support PAs and that this attitude is more likely to exist among urban than rural participants. We found that gender, education, age, income and place of origin did not influence support for PAs. Biodiversity conservation is the most common reason why PAs receive public support. In contrast, participants who do not favour PAs see them as providing no benefit to people. We suggest that support by local political leaders from dominant and rival political parties for conservation helps to promote acceptance of PAs by stakeholders. However, relatively low support for PAs among rural participants could indicate that the expectations of these populations regarding the social benefits associated with this conservation policy have yet to be fulfilled. SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000262 UT WOS:000511399300006 ER PT J AU Nogueira, DS Marimon, BS Marimon, B Oliveira, EA Morandi, P Reis, SM Elias, F Neves, EC Feldpausch, TR Lloyd, J Phillips, OL AF Nogueira, Denis S. Marimon, Beatriz S. Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur Oliveira, Edmar A. Morandi, Paulo Reis, Simone M. Elias, Fernando Neves, Eder C. Feldpausch, Ted R. Lloyd, Jon Phillips, Oliver L. TI Impacts of Fire on Forest Biomass Dynamics at the Southern Amazon Edge SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Over recent decades, biomass gains in remaining old-growth Amazonia forests have declined due to environmental change. Amazonia's huge size and complexity makes understanding these changes, drivers, and consequences very challenging. Here, using a network of permanent monitoring plots at the Amazon-Cerrado transition, we quantify recent biomass carbon changes and explore their environmental drivers. Our study area covers 30 plots of upland and riparian forests sampled at least twice between 1996 and 2016 and subject to various levels of fire and drought. Using these plots, we aimed to: (1) estimate the long-term biomass change rate; (2) determine the extent to which forest changes are influenced by forest type; and (3) assess the threat to forests from ongoing environmental change. Overall, there was no net change in biomass, but there was clear variation among different forest types. Burning occurred at least once in 8 of the 12 riparian forests, while only 1 of the 18 upland forests burned, resulting in losses of carbon in burned riparian forests. Net biomass gains prevailed among other riparian and upland forests throughout Amazonia. Our results reveal an unanticipated vulnerability of riparian forests to fire, likely aggravated by drought, and threatening ecosystem conservation at the Amazon southern margins. RI Elias, Fernando/P-4400-2014; Nogueira, Denis/J-4889-2016; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011 OI Elias, Fernando/0000-0001-9190-1733; Nogueira, Denis/0000-0001-8893-7903; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168 SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000110 UT WOS:000511399300007 ER PT J AU Quiroga, MP Castello, L Quipildor, V Premoli, AC AF Paula Quiroga, M. Castello, Lucia Quipildor, Vilma Premoli, Andrea C. TI Biogeographically significant units in conservation: a new integrative concept for conserving ecological and evolutionary processes SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB We combined tools of phylogeography, population genetics and biogeographical interpretation to analyse a group of phylogenetically independent lineages (animals and plants) that coexist within the same geographical region, yet under markedly different environments, in order to identify generalized barriers for gene flow. We tested the hypothesis that major geographic features have produced a concordant genetic structure in phylogenetically independent lineages. A rigorous bibliographic search was performed, selecting available molecular information from six taxa occupying distinct southern biomes of South America: Yungas, Prepuna, Puna and northern Monte. We estimated within-population genetic diversity, the genetic structure and haplotype phylogenies to assemble distribution maps of genetic barriers for each species. We found a strong association between genetic variation and latitudinal distribution of populations. We detected a major barrier for six taxa at 27 degrees S latitude and a second one for a group of three species at 25-26 degrees S. Two alternative non-exclusive hypotheses - geology and/or climate - explain concordant genetic barriers in divergent lineages. We suggest that the term 'biogeographically significant units' portrays a group of populations of phylogenetically unrelated taxa that inhabit the same geographic region that have been similarly impacted by major physical events, which can be used to identify priority areas in landscape conservation. SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000286 UT WOS:000511399300008 ER PT J AU Blare, T Useche, P AF Blare, Trent Useche, Pilar TI Differences in women's and men's conservation of cacao agroforests in coastal Ecuador SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Stakeholder preferences for the conservation of cacao agroforests are scarcely known. Here, a revealed preference model was used to estimate the value that smallholders place on the conservation of their cacao agroforests in coastal Ecuador. Variables in the model included plot-level data (the gender of those who owned and managed the plot, profit, land title and years of ownership) and household demographic data (ages, educational levels and wealth indicators). Households were willing to give up some profit to conserve agroforests especially if they had managed the plot longer. Furthermore, when women were included in the management of a plot, the household was more likely to conserve the cacao agroforest, but the gender of the person who owns the plot had no effect on the probability of conserving the agroforest. These findings provide further evidence of the gender differences in preferences for agroforests and that more inclusive land-use decisions may lead to the use of more sustainable farming practices. They also demonstrate that policies that encourage inclusive land ownership do not necessarily ensure equal gender participation in plot decision-making and management. SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000237 UT WOS:000511399300009 ER PT J AU Luna-Nieves, AL Garcia-Frapolli, E Bonfil, C Meave, JA Ibarra-Manriquez, G AF Luna-Nieves, Adriana L. Garcia-Frapolli, Eduardo Bonfil, Consuelo Meave, Jorge A. Ibarra-Manriquez, Guillermo TI Integrating conservation and socioeconomic development: the potential of community nurseries in Mexican protected areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Community nurseries within natural protected areas (NPAs) represent an attractive option to link biodiversity conservation with socioeconomic development, yet their functioning lacks proper assessment. Here, we analyse the national context of community nurseries in Mexican NPAs and suggest a specific framework to evaluate their viability. First, we examine the impact of a major governmental funding programme on these projects. Next, we conduct a case study in a focal nursery to identify challenges faced by its operation. Despite the large number of community nurseries funded by the programme, current performance indicators are not suitable to assess their viability. In turn, the case study reveals this nursery's partial success, with a clear contribution to social development but a limited impact on economic improvement and vegetation conservation. Regardless of the characteristics of individual community nurseries, we suggest a framework that is potentially useful for evaluating community nursery viability, which enables agencies to detect problems, find solutions and use resources efficiently, while balancing biodiversity conservation and development. SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000201 UT WOS:000511399300010 ER PT J AU Mrotek, A Anderson, CB Valenzuela, AEJ Manak, L Weber, A Van Aert, P Malizia, M Nielsen, EA AF Mrotek, Aaron Anderson, Christopher B. Valenzuela, Alejandro E. J. Manak, Leah Weber, Alana Van Aert, Peter Malizia, Mariano Nielsen, Erik A. TI An evaluation of local, national and international perceptions of benefits and threats to nature in Tierra del Fuego National Park (Patagonia, Argentina) SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Environmental scientists and managers increasingly recognize that socio-cultural evaluations expand the understanding of human-nature relationships. Here, user groups' perceptions of the benefits from and threats to nature were analysed in Tierra del Fuego National Park, Argentina. We hypothesized that the different relationships of users to this place would lead to significantly different valuations among local Ushuaia residents (n = 122), Argentine nationals (n = 147) and international tourists (n = 294). All users perceived a broad spectrum of benefits. The three groups assessed intrinsic and relational values more highly than instrumental benefits, and significant differences included a higher mean valuation of benefits by Argentine visitors. Overall, threats were less perceived than benefits, and significant differences included a higher mean threat assessment by Ushuaia residents. To explain these relationships, we found that mean valuations of benefits and threats were weakly related to increased biodiversity knowledge for residents and international tourists, but not for Argentine visitors. These findings can orient environmental management in Patagonia and elsewhere by identifying areas where information can improve user experiences and by contributing a more pluralistic understanding of nature from multiple stakeholders. SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000250 UT WOS:000511399300012 ER PT J AU Weiskopf, SR Mccarthy, JL Mccarthy, KP Shiklomanov, AN Wibisono, HT Pusparini, W AF Weiskopf, Sarah R. Mccarthy, Jennifer L. Mccarthy, Kyle P. Shiklomanov, Alexey N. Wibisono, Hariyo T. Pusparini, Wulan TI The conservation value of forest fragments in the increasingly agrarian landscape of Sumatra SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AB Destruction of tropical rainforests reduces many unprotected habitats to small fragments of remnant forests within agricultural matrices. To date, these remnant forest fragments have been largely disregarded as wildlife habitat, and little is known about mammalian use of these areas in Sumatra. Here, we conducted camera trap surveys (2285 trap-nights) within Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and five surrounding remnant forest fragments during 2010-2013 and used species composition metrics to compare use. We found 28 mammal species in the protected forest and 21 in the fragments. The fragments harboured a subset of species found in the protected forest and several species not observed in the protected forest. Critically endangered species such as Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) were found in the forest fragments, along with species of conservation concern such as marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) and Asiatic golden cat (Pardofelis temminckii). The biodiversity found within the fragments suggests that these small patches of remnant forest may have conservation value to certain mammal species and indicates the importance of further research into the role these habitats may play in landscape-level, multispecies conservation planning. OI Weiskopf, Sarah/0000-0002-5933-8191 SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1017/S0376892919000195 UT WOS:000511399300014 ER PT J AU Yulianto Soekmadi, R Hikmat, A Kusmana, C AF Yulianto Soekmadi, Rinekso Hikmat, Agus Kusmana, Cecep TI Crafting Local Institution Using Social-Ecological System Framework for Sustainable Rattan Governance in Lore Lindu National Park SO JURNAL MANAJEMEN HUTAN TROPIKA AB Rattan is the most important non-forest timber product utilized by communities adjacent Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP). The establishment community conservation agreement (CCA) in 2001 was unable to prevent rattan depletion. Then, a local institution called community conservation partnership (CCP) has been recently proposed Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore how to craft a local institution of CCP for sustainable rattan governance in LLNP using Social-Ecological Systems (SES) Framework. The study was conducted in LLNP area and Ngata Toro, a buffer zone village of LLNP. We conducted rattan inventory and collected social data by interview for analyzing CCP development using SES framework. The results showed that CCP is most likely to be successful in implementing due to several reasons. Firstly, the establishment of constitutional-choice rules made clear the nested enterprise. Secondly, the reallocation of CCP location to the traditional zone increase the boundary clarity. Thirdly, transferring rights to the Ngata Toro community will make effective co-management, increase the legitimacy of rattan utilization, decrease potential conflicts among resource unit users and reducing monitoring cost. Finally, deciding the rattan harvesting quota will ensure the rattan ecological and livelihood sustainability. With the clarity of system boundaries and property rights, we argue that CCP institutions will bring many benefits in many ways. Overall, most variables of SES framework can be used to analyses the readiness of CCP institutional arrangement for sustainable rattan management in LLNP. SN 2087-0469 EI 2089-2063 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 25 IS 3 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.7226/jtfm.25.3.135 UT WOS:000511355200001 ER PT J AU Wulandari, C Landicho, LD Cabahug, RED Baliton, RS Banuwa, IS Herwanti, S Budiono, P AF Wulandari, Christine Landicho, Leila Dimayuga Cabahug, Rowena Esperenza Dicolen Baliton, Romnick Salvago Banuwa, Irwan Sukri Herwanti, Susni Budiono, Pitojo TI Food Security Status in Agroforestry Landscapes of Way Betung Watershed, Indonesia and Molawin Dampalit Subwatershed, Philippines SO JURNAL MANAJEMEN HUTAN TROPIKA AB Indonesia and Philippines are homes of biodiversity in Southeast Asia. In recent years, however, there has been a decline in biodiversity brought about by land use change. This condition poses threat on the food security of communities around the watersheds. The type and volume of main food items depend on the ecological and physiological conditions of the watersheds, in this case, Way Betung and Molawin Dampalit. When edible food is sufficient and available in an area, there is higher livelihood that the communities are food secured. This paper argues based on research which has been conducted in May to November 2015 that the food security of communities in the selected agroforestry landscapes in Way Betung and Molawin Dampalit have moderate. Levels of its food security based on four dimensions, namely: food availability, food accessibility, food stability and food utilization. Amounted 261 Indonesia farmer's respondents and 106 Philippine's respondents mentioned that the farm households generally practice agroforestry where the production of-short-term and medium-term agricultural crops, woody perennials and livestock are deliberately combined. The type of crops grown by farm households contribute to the level of food security. SN 2087-0469 EI 2089-2063 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 25 IS 3 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.7226/jtfm.25.3.164 UT WOS:000511355200004 ER PT J AU Bourdeau-Lepage, L AF Bourdeau-Lepage, Lise TI The sex appeal of nature in the city Living environment, health and urban planning SO REVUE D ECONOMIE REGIONALE ET URBAINE AB Today, a new relationship seems to be woven between city and nature. This article identifies the elements on which this recent interest for nature in the city is based. It explores several tracks: the increase in environmental awareness, the effects of the urbanization process and the dissemination of new information and communication technologies, the awareness of the benefits of nature. It examines the plural character of nature in the city and highlights the different functions performed by the plants in the city. It concludes on the quest for a new harmony between the city and nature and on unthinking public policies on nature in the city. SN 0180-7307 EI 2107-0865 PD DEC PY 2019 IS 5 BP 893 EP 911 UT WOS:000511135000001 ER PT J AU Ivantsova, EV AF Ivantsova, Ekaterina, V TI The Interaction of Subsystems of the Modern Russian Language in an Idiolectic Reflection: The Speech Portrait of a Resident of an Urban-Type Village SO VESTNIK TOMSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO UNIVERSITETA FILOLOGIYA-TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY AB The article aims to create the urban-type village resident's speech portrait that represents the transformation of the folk-speech culture due to the interaction of the subsystems of the Russian language. The speech of a man born in 1956, with a vocational education, a resident of the Tyazhinsky village of Kemerovo Oblast, was analysed. The sources for the analysis were the recordings of the informant's spontaneous oral speech and short messages from his correspondence with his daughter. When collecting the material, the method of inclusion in the speaker's linguistic existence was used, and, in the analysis, the method of speech portraiture was used. In the course of the study of the idiolect, the manifestations of types of speech culture (dialect, vernacular, slang and learned), which N.I. Tolstoy classified in all Slavic ethnic groups, were analysed. It was established that dialect features are represented in the man's speech at the phonetic, grammatical, lexical and textual levels. Regional elements of phonetics and grammar are few. The informant's articulatory and vocabulary features suggest that his parents spoke dialects of late settlers from the south of Russia in Siberia. The folk-speech principle is reflected in such properties of the text as dialogicity, combination of the situation of the theme with the situation of current communication, iconicity and figurativeness. Some paroemias and traces of traditional mythological representations are recorded. Traits typical for vernacular are identified in the field of grammar and vocabulary. Many features of inflection can be considered dialect and vernacular. Colloquial words are represented in the idiolect much wider than dialect ones. The proportion of phraseological units and expressive-emotional words is significant. Jargon traits are marked only at the lexical level; they make up the periphery of the idiolexicon. Most jargon refers to general jargon, single designations to prison argo, youth and computer slang. The features of the learned speech culture are reflected in the composition of vocabulary and precedent texts. The informant has words of a lofty style, terms from different fields of science and general learned words (not always fully mastered), as well as quotes from Russian classics and Vysotsky's songs. The idiolect demonstrates the variability of the use of regional, vernacular, slang and learned elements and their unintentional combination in speech. Signs of the folk-speech type of culture in the language personality are substratum and are inherited from the illiterate parents. The composition of the language means testifies to the gradual ousting of dialectal features partly by colloquial, jargon, or literary language ones in connection with the informant's receiving vocational education, with the influence of urbanisation and population migration. The speech portrait of the individual reflects the interaction of the subsystems of the Russian national language. In urban-type villages, where the linguistic environment is formed at the junction of traditional peasant and urban cultures, these processes occur most intensively. In this regard, the speech of the personality being studied is one of the typical examples of the transformation of the folk speech culture at present. SN 1998-6645 EI 2310-5046 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 62 BP 104 EP 120 DI 10.17223/19986645/62/7 UT WOS:000510899200007 ER PT J AU Zaniewski, PT Szczepkowski, A Gierczyk, B Kujawa, A Slusarczyk, T Fojcik, B AF Zaniewski, Piotr T. Szczepkowski, Andrzej Gierczyk, Blazej Kujawa, Anna Slusarczyk, Tomasz Fojcik, Barbara TI Vertical differentiation of the richness and species composition of the myco-, licheno- and briobiota of windthrown trees in Kampinos National Park SO SYLWAN AB Vertical distribution of species richness of various groups of organisms within trees is still insufficiently understood. The reason for this are, among others, the difficulties in accessing standing trees. The aim of the study was to determine the differentiation of species richness of fungi, lichens and lichenicolous fungi and bryophyte of three tree species (oak, birch and pine) within windthrow areas in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). Ten individuals of each tree species were chosen. They were only thrown, not broken, without serious damage, still alive and easily accessible. The investigations of species composition were performed in five parts of each tree: trunk bottom, lower trunk, upper trunk, lower crown and upper crown. Individual parts of the trees were measured, than their surface and volume were determined. The species richness of the studied groups of organisms was calculated using rarefaction curves based on the number of samples, volume and area of the distinguished tree parts. Species composition changes of the tree parts were described using non-metric multidimensional scaling. The most important parts of trees for fungi were the crowns of trees, in particular oak's. The highest richness of lichens was found within the crown of oaks, however they were recorded within all of the distinguished tree parts. The highest richness of bryophytes was recorded in the lower crown of oak and the trunk base of birch, but this group of organisms generally did not inhabit the birch and pine crowns. In the case of rarefaction curves based on the number of samples, the large positive meaning of the oak was observed, however the observed pattern was different when the volume and surface were taken into account. The general species richness of the studied taxa was similar for three tree species, the pine was distinguished positively in case of fungi, birch in the case of lichens and oak in the case of bryophytes. The species of trees differ from each other in terms of the species composition of the studied groups of organisms. We also observed the gradual change in the species composition from the base of the trunk to the upper crown. RI Gierczyk, Blazej/M-4521-2018 OI Gierczyk, Blazej/0000-0003-3376-5467 SN 0039-7660 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 163 IS 12 BP 980 EP 988 DI 10.26202/sylwan.2019091 UT WOS:000511241500002 ER PT J AU Volpert, YL Shadrina, EG AF Volpert, Yakov L. Shadrina, Elena G. TI Latitude- and climate-associated patterns in small mammal fauna changes of the West Yakutia SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY AB Distribution of small mammals has been analyzed on the territory of the Western Yakutia in the corridor between 112 degrees and 116 degrees E and between the Lena River valley (starting from the Vitim River mouth) and the Anabar and Olenvok interriverine area (59-71 degrees N). The material was collected in 2002-2017 in 11 sites within the taiga zone (from the border between the middle and south taiga to the northern border of the north taiga subzone). A total of 11200 cone-days and 12500 trap-days were accumulated and 4200 specimens of small mammals belonging to 21 species were collected. The highest species richness of small mammals is registered on the border of the south and middle taiga (17-18 species). In the north taiga the fauna of small mammals is represented by 8-9 species. This decrease from south to north is uneven: in the river valleys the species richness is generally higher than in the watersheds. The penetration of taiga species to the north is of a larger scale than that of tundra species into taiga habitats; therefore, changes in beta-diversity occur mainly due to the distribution limits of boreal species. Besides, in the absence of geographic barriers, a shall) decline in species richness is observed between 65 degrees and 66 degrees N, which coincides with the boundary between the middle-taiga and north-taiga subzones. Out of the climatic factors, the distribution of small mammals is affected mainly by winter precipitation, winter duration, average July temperature and average annual temperature, while dependence on such factors as January temperature and summer precipitation was not found. SN 1682-3559 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 18 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.15298/rusjtheriol.18.2.04 UT WOS:000510486700004 ER PT J AU Alfaro, M Liguori, L Sandercock, BK Berazategui, M Arim, M AF Alfaro, Matilde Liguori, Luciano Sandercock, Brett K. Berazategui, Mauro Arim, Matias TI Habitat selection and space use of Upland Sandpipers at nonbreeding grounds SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY AB Habitat requirements of migratory birds can be dynamic during the annual cycle, and understanding habitat use during the nonbreeding season is important for conservation planning In grassland birds, habitat selection is often determined by features of vegetative structure that are associated with predation risk, food resources, or thermal environments. And, these habitats are affected by anthropogenic influences such as agriculture conversion and production of livestock. In our four-year field study, we examined the space use and habitat selection of Upland Sandpipers (Bartramia longicauda) during the nonbreeding season in an area of private grasslands managed for livestock production within the Northern Campos ecoregion of Uruguay. We radio-tracked sandpipers during the nonbreeding season to test the hypothesis that space use, habitat selection, and flock size were determined by vegetative structure in managed grasslands with different grazing and agricultural management regimes. We captured and tagged 62 sandpipers during the nonbreeding season in the austral summer, and recorded a total of 506 locations for our sample of radio-marked birds. Foraging Upland Sandpipers primarily selected two types of native grasslands associated with shallow, rocky soils. The vegetation configuration of disturbed pastures were open landscapes that were good for detection of arthropod prey but offered little cover for avoidance of predators. Sandpipers were usually found in small groups of 2-20 birds, and the largest flocks of 40-50 birds were found in pastures with relatively short grass cover (20 to 40% tall grass cover). Low to moderate stocking densities of domestic livestock created variation in vegetation height and cover in large areas and allowed for coexistence of grassland birds with different habitat requirements. Upland Sandpipers preferred disturbed areas, which may not support the needs of other species of grasslands birds. Our results emphasize the need for habitat heterogeneity and disturbance forces such as grazing in grassland systems. Our research contributes new information on the ecology of migratory grassland birds and provides insights for biodiversity conservation on private lands used for livestock production. SN 1712-6568 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 14 IS 2 AR 18 DI 10.5751/ACE-01461-140218 UT WOS:000510174100018 ER PT J AU Belinsky, KL Ellick, TC LaDeau, SL AF Belinsky, Kara L. Ellick, Troy C. LaDeau, Shannon L. TI Using birdfeeder network to explore the effects of suburban deign on invasive and native birds SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY AB Studying the effects of urbanization on native wildlife presents an opportunity for us to learn how to design anthropogenic habitats that can best support wildlife and humans alike. In order to explore which types of suburban development best support bird diversity, a network of 16 bird feeders was installed across a university campus to compare bird diversity and community composition at locations varying in land covers such as natural forest, lawn, plantings, pavement, and buildings. Birds were observed at all feeder stations over three seasons and mist-nets were used to capture and band birds during the summer. Bird species richness, diversity, and invasive species dominance varied significantly across the feeder station sites, with higher diversity in less urbanized locations with larger areas of natural forest. Invasive House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) dominated the most urban sites and were associated with larger areas of buildings and herbaceous plantings. However, when sites with natural forest were removed from the analysis, the area of trees planted over lawn was associated with higher diversity, indicating that an increase in tree cover can support diversity in a completely developed landscape. Midscale suburban developments typically feature lawns, pavement, and landscaped plantings, but our results indicate that replacing lawns with trees, or better yet, restored forest patches, may allow us to preserve and even increase the biodiversity of our rapidly multiplying suburban landscapes. SN 1712-6568 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 14 IS 2 AR 2 DI 10.5751/ACE-01408-140202 UT WOS:000510174100002 ER PT J AU Clement, MA Barrett, K Baldwin, RF AF Clement, Marion A. Barrett, Kyle Baldwin, Robert F. TI Key habitat features facilitate the presence of Barred Owls in developed landscapes SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY AB As urbanization continues to transform landscapes, it is imperative to find ways to conserve biodiversity within fragmented habitats. Forest interior dwelling birds are particularly vulnerable to development pressures because they require large tracts of forest to support their life cycles. Although Barred Owls (Strix varia) are frequently described as an obligate mature forest species, they have been found in urbanized landscapes. To determine if certain habitat characteristics, such as mature trees, facilitate the presence of Barred Owls in developed regions, we modeled Barred Owl occupancy probability along a development gradient in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States. We surveyed for owls by broadcasting conspecific calls to solicit response and by passively recording at survey sites using autonomous recording units. Detection/nondetection data were collected during the breeding season and analyzed within an occupancy framework to investigate patterns of habitat association in our region, while allowing for imperfect detection of owls. Average tree height was the best predictor of Barred Owl occupancy across a development gradient, regardless of forest coverage. We did not find Barred Owl occupancy to decline with increasing impervious surface density. Our research implies that developed landscapes containing mature urban trees can support breeding populations of Barred Owls. SN 1712-6568 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 14 IS 2 AR 12 DI 10.5751/ACE-01427-140212 UT WOS:000510174100012 ER PT J AU Buira, A Aedo, C AF Buira, Antoni Aedo, Carlos TI Influence of Socio-Historical Events and Macroecological Patterns on the Endemic Plant Descriptions in the Iberian Peninsula SO BOTANICAL REVIEW AB Since 1753 the description of vascular plants has been highly uneven. Given its high levels of plant endemism and long botanical history, the Iberian Peninsula is considered a suitable territory to study the species discovery process. ANOVA tests were conducted to explore the differences on the description dates for categories of range size and life-form. Correlation and GLM analyses were carried out to examine the spatial relationship between the number of described species and the plant richness and human influence variables. Two important peaks of description were identified: the first was associated to the extensive botanical exploration of the Baetic Mountains Hotspot by Boissier (mid-nineteenth century), and the second to the taxonomic revisions for Flora iberica (late 20th). As found in other studies, a negative correlation existed between the range size and the description date, while no differences were found for the life-form categories. The spatial pattern of the number of described species was highly correlated with the weighted endemism metric and to a lesser extent with the human influence. Changes in discovery effort have been governed by socio-historical factors and consequently the discovery curves are not reliable to indicate the final approach to completeness. However, the high number of recently discovered species suggests that the inventory is still incomplete. SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 85 IS 4 BP 337 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s12229-019-09213-y UT WOS:000510733600002 ER PT J AU Blonska, E Lasota, J Tullus, A Lutter, R Ostonen, I AF Blonska, Ewa Lasota, Jaroslaw Tullus, Arvo Lutter, Reimo Ostonen, Ivika TI Impact of deadwood decomposition on soil organic carbon sequestration in Estonian and Polish forests SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE AB Key message The deadwood of different tree species with different decomposition rates affects soil organic carbon sequestration in Estonian and Polish forests. In warmer conditions (Poland), the deadwood decomposition process had a higher rate than in cooler Estonian forests. Soil organic matter fractions analysis can be used to assess the stability and turnover of organic carbon between deadwood and soil in different experimental localities. Context Deadwood is an important element of properly functioning forest ecosystem and plays a very important role in the maintenance of biodiversity, soil fertility, and carbon sequestration. Aims The main aim was to estimate how decomposition of deadwood of different tree species with different decomposition rates affects soil organic carbon sequestration in Estonian and Polish forests. Methods The investigation was carried out in six forests in Poland (51 degrees N) and Estonia (58 degrees N). The study localities differ in their mean annual air temperature (of 2 degrees C) and the length of the growing season (of 1 month). The deadwood logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), common aspen (Populus tremula L.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) were included in the research. Logs in three stages of decomposition (III-V) were selected for the analysis. Results There were differences in the stock of soil organic carbon in two experimental localities. There was a higher soil carbon content under logs and in their direct vicinity in Polish forests compared to those in the cooler climate of Estonia. Considerable differences in the amount of soil organic matter were found. The light fraction constituted the greatest quantitative component of organic matter of soils associated with deadwood. Conclusion A higher carbon content in surface soil horizons as an effect of deadwood decomposition was determined for the Polish (temperate) forests. More decomposed deadwood affected soil organic matter stabilization more strongly than less decayed deadwood. This relationship was clearer in Polish forests. Higher temperatures and longer growing periods primarily influenced the increase of soil organic matter free light fraction concentrations directly under and in close proximity to logs of the studied species. The slower release of deadwood decomposition products was noted in Estonian (hemiboreal) forests. The soil organic matter mineral fraction increased under aspen and spruce logs at advanced decomposition in Poland. SN 1286-4560 EI 1297-966X PD DEC PY 2019 VL 76 IS 4 AR 102 DI 10.1007/s13595-019-0889-9 UT WOS:000510838900004 ER PT J AU Gilman, E Kaiser, MJ Chaloupka, M AF Gilman, Eric Kaiser, Michel J. Chaloupka, Milani TI Do static and dynamic marine protected areas that restrict pelagic fishing achieve ecological objectives? SO ECOSPHERE AB There has been a recent proliferation of large-scale marine protected areas (MPAs) containing pelagic habitats. These contribute substantially toward meeting the area-based goal of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 and to managing pelagic ecosystem pressures, including fishing. We assessed theoretical and empirical evidence for the achievement of ecological objectives by static and dynamic spatial management of pelagic fisheries. Exceptionally few studies have assessed ecological responses to MPAs that constrain pelagic fisheries, leaving substantial uncertainty over their efficacy. Assessments have provided a limited basis for causal inferences and have not evaluated whether other management tools would be more effective. Pelagic MPAs have relatively high promise to mitigate fisheries bycatch of species of conservation concern with "slow" life history traits and that form temporally and spatially predictable hotspots, and for some species, to protect habitats important for critical life history stages. It would be challenging to design MPAs to maintain absolute biomass levels of target stocks near targets and above limits: MPAs would need to be extensive to account for broad and variable distributions, and account for catch risk outside of the MPA, including from displaced fishing effort and fishing-the-line. For non-overexploited stocks, which is the status of most target pelagic species and their prey, there would likely be little response in absolute stock biomass to an MPA. While pelagic MPAs have a higher promise of increasing target stocks' local abundance, evidence with a robust basis for inferring causality is needed. Reducing fishing mortality of prey species might not affect the biomass of their pelagic predators because prey species experience light fishing pressure and because there may be a weak correlation between the absolute abundance of forage fish and their predators. There is an especially limited basis for predicting the effects of MPAs on fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) in pelagic species. We describe how pelagic MPAs could be designed to achieve five ecological objectives without causing cross-taxa conflicts and exacerbating FIE. To fill substantial gaps in knowledge, we prescribe counterfactual-based modeling of time series data of standardized catch records to infer causation in assessments of ecological responses to pelagic MPAs. SN 2150-8925 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR e02968 DI 10.1002/ecs2.2968 UT WOS:000510015700011 ER PT J AU Kaluskar, S Blukacz-Richards, EA Johnson, CA He, YH Langlois, A Kim, DK Arhonditsis, GB AF Kaluskar, Samarth Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes Johnson, Cheryl Ann He, Yuhong Langlois, Alex Kim, Dong-Kyun Arhonditsis, George B. TI Development of a model ensemble to predict Peary caribou populations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago SO ECOSPHERE AB In the field of biological conservation, mathematical modeling has been an indispensable tool to advance our understanding of population dynamics. Modeling rare and endangered species with complex ecophysiological tools can be challenging due to the constraints imposed by data availability. One strategy to overcome the mismatch between what we are trying to learn from a modeling exercise and the available empirical knowledge is to develop statistical models that tend to be more parsimonious. In the present study, we introduce a spatially explicit modeling framework to examine the strength and nature of the relationships of snow density and vegetation abundance with Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) populations. Peary caribou are vital to the livelihood and culture of High Arctic Inuit communities, but changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic disturbances may affect the integrity of this endemic species population. Owing to an estimated decline of over 35% during the last three generations, a recent assessment by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada assigned a Threatened status to Peary caribou in 2015. Recognizing the uncertainty typically associated with the selection of the best subset of explanatory variables and their optimal functional relationship with the response variable, we examined four models across six island complexes (Banks, Axel Heiberg, Melville, Bathurst, Mackenzie King, and Boothia) of the Arctic Archipelago and formulated two ensembles to synthesize their predictions into averaged Peary caribou population distributions. Our analysis showed that an ensemble strategy with region-specific weights displayed the highest performance and most balanced error across the six island complexes. The causal linkages between snow, vegetation abundance, and Peary caribou did manifest themselves with the models examined, but the noise-to-signal ratios of the corresponding regression coefficients were generally high and there were instances where they were not discernible from zero. We also present a sensitivity analysis exercise that elucidates the influence of the observation/imputation errors on the model-training phase, thereby highlighting the importance of assigning realistic error estimates that will not hamper the identification of important cause-effect relationships. Our study identifies critical augmentations of the available scientific knowledge that necessitate to design the optimal management actions of Peary caribou populations across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. OI Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737 SN 2150-8925 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR e02976 DI 10.1002/ecs2.2976 UT WOS:000510015700018 ER PT J AU Nunez, CL Froese, G Meier, AC Beirne, C Depenthal, J Kim, S Mbele, AE Nordseth, A Poulsen, JR AF Nunez, Chase L. Froese, Graden Meier, Amelia C. Beirne, Chris Depenthal, Johanna Kim, Seokmin Mbele, Alex Ebang Nordseth, Anna Poulsen, John R. TI Stronger together: comparing and integrating camera trap, visual, and dung survey data in tropical forest communities SO ECOSPHERE AB Accurate estimations of animal populations are necessary for management, conservation, and policy decisions. However, methods for surveying animal communities disproportionately represent specific groups or guilds. For example, transect surveys can provide robust data for large arboreal species but underestimate cryptic or small-bodied terrestrial species, whereas camera traps have the inverse tendency. The integration of information from multiple methodologies would provide the most complete inference on population size or responses to putative covariates, yet a simple, robust framework that allows integration and comparison of multiple data sources has been lacking. We use 27,813 counts of 35 species or species groups derived from concurrent visual transects, dung transects, and camera trap surveys in tropical forests and compare them within a generalized joint attribute modeling framework (GJAM) that both compares and integrates field-collected dung, visual, and camera trap data to quantify the species- and trait-specific differences in detection for each method. The effectiveness of survey method was strongly dependent on species, as well as animal traits. These differences in effectiveness contributed to meaningful differences in the reported strength of a known important covariate for animal communities (distance to nearest village). Data fusion through GJAM allows clear and unambiguous comparisons of the counts provided from each different methodology, the incorporation of trait information, and fusion of all three data streams to generate a more complete estimate of the effects of an anthropogenic disturbance covariate. Research and conservation resources are extremely limited, which often means that field campaigns attempt to maximize the amount of information gathered especially in remote, hard-to-access areas. Advances in these understudied areas will be accelerated by analytical methods that can fully leverage the total body of diverse biodiversity field data, even when they are collected using different methods. We demonstrate that survey methods vary in their effectiveness for counting species based on biological traits, but more importantly that generative models like GJAM can integrate data from multiple sources in one cohesive statistical framework to make improved inference in understudied environments. OI Beirne, Christopher/0000-0003-3988-2031 SN 2150-8925 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR e02965 DI 10.1002/ecs2.2965 UT WOS:000510015700008 ER PT J AU Thurman, LL Garcia, TS AF Thurman, Lindsey L. Garcia, Tiffany S. TI Asymmetric competition shapes amphibian response to rapid environmental change SO ECOSPHERE AB Pond-breeding amphibians experience climatic variability primarily in the form of seasonal temperature fluctuations and water availability, two factors that are strongly influenced by shifts in climate. Larval amphibians are concurrently exposed to biological stressors, such as competition and predation, as they often co-occur in diverse, multi-species assemblages. Thus, to accurately predict species' response to climate change, we empirically tested the interaction between a biotic and abiotic driver. We focused on three amphibian species that overlap in distribution and phenology across high elevations of the Cascade Mountain Range of the U.S. Pacific Northwest: the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), and Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas). Amphibians in this region are threatened by drought-induced habitat loss resulting from the shortened hydroperiod and, in some areas, complete elimination of seasonal wetlands. We conducted a fully factorial experiment to determine the interactive effects of competition and drying on amphibian growth, development, and survival. We found that the impact of drying on each species was largely dependent upon interspecific competition dynamics. Competitive interactions, particularly in the three-species competition treatment, exacerbated the effects of drying, with both competition- and context-dependent responses to these stressors. Through an analysis of species-level effects, as well as an examination of secondary productivity (i.e., total biomass across treatments), we determined that Cascades frogs are the dominant competitor in this system owing to their larger body size and relative ability to withstand the stress of a rapidly drying hydroperiod. Our results suggest that ignoring biotic interactions in predictions of species response to climate change factors may be misleading. SN 2150-8925 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR e02950 DI 10.1002/ecs2.2950 UT WOS:000510015700004 ER PT J AU Allison, M Bloomfield, EF AF Allison, Marcia Bloomfield, Emma Frances TI Rhetorical imaginings and multimodal arguments at the European Green Belt Juxtaposing nonhuman nature and technology in our collective memory of the Cold War SO JOURNAL OF ARGUMENTATION IN CONTEXT AB We analyze the visual, verbal, and material arguments present at the European Green Belt (EGB), a contemporary conservation project built from the former Iron Curtain. The EGB presents itself as a "living memorial" that fuses together former warring countries and thus makes an argument for the unity of Europe. To analyze this incredibly diverse and rhetorically significant project, we put the digital representations of the site and the discourse around the EGB into conversation with situated, rhetorical criticism performed along the EGB site itself. We analyze the EGB's different argumentative juxtapositions regarding history and memory, nonhuman nature and technology, peace and war, memorial and tourism, and preservation and restoration. Overall, we find that the transformation of the Iron Curtain from divisive border into a European-wide, transboundary biodiversity conservation project uses transcendence as a key argumentative structure, which has implications for how we understand the human relationship with the environment, history, and memory SN 2211-4742 EI 2211-4750 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 8 IS 3 BP 354 EP 382 DI 10.1075/jaic.18005.all UT WOS:000509528800004 ER PT J AU Cortes-Aguilar, J Bello-Bedoy, R Navarrete-Heredia, JL Velazquez, A AF Cortes-Aguilar, Jesus Bello-Bedoy, Rafael Luis Navarrete-Heredia, Jose Velazquez, A. TI First Capture of Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1840 in Natural Conditions in Mexico and Insights about Its Distribution in Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST AB Phoracantha recurva, Newman, 1840, is a beetle native to Australia. Adults of this species have a bright body, with dark brown and yellow to cream areas on the elytra, antennae as long or longer than the body, pronotum with discs or protuberances on the back, and lateral spines; elytra with at least one spine or process in the apical margin. P. recurva is an important pest, because it causes severe damage to trees belonging to the Myrtaceae family, such as Eucalyptus and Angophora. The National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity in Mexico (CONABIO) has published the list of high-risk exotic insects and arachnids for Mexico. Of the 20 species of insects associated with eucalyptus trees in Mexico, the genus Phoracantha is not registered, probably because reports of this species are only incidental. Here, we report the occurrence of P. recurva, in Mexico based upon captured and observed specimens. SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 44 IS 4 BP 973 EP 978 DI 10.3958/059.044.0410 UT WOS:000509988400017 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Teakle, GR Walley, PG Finch-Savage, WE Jackson, AC Jones, JE Hand, P Thomas, B Havey, MJ Pink, DAC Clarkson, JP AF Taylor, Andrew Teakle, Graham R. Walley, Peter G. Finch-Savage, William E. Jackson, Alison C. Jones, Julie E. Hand, Paul Thomas, Brian Havey, Michael J. Pink, David A. C. Clarkson, John P. TI Assembly and characterisation of a unique onion diversity set identifies resistance to Fusarium basal rot and improved seedling vigour SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS AB Conserving biodiversity is critical for safeguarding future crop production. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a globally important crop with a very large (16 Gb per 1C) genome which has not been sequenced. While onions are self-fertile, they suffer from severe inbreeding depression and as such are highly heterozygous as a result of out-crossing. Bulb formation is driven by daylength, and accessions are adapted to the local photoperiod. Onion seed is often directly sown in the field, and hence seedling establishment is a critical trait for production. Furthermore, onion yield losses regularly occur worldwide due to Fusarium basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. A globally relevant onion diversity set, consisting of 10 half-sib families for each of 95 accessions, was assembled and genotyping carried out using 892 SNP markers. A moderate level of heterozygosity (30-35%) was observed, reflecting the outbreeding nature of the crop. Using inferred phylogenies, population structure and principal component analyses, most accessions grouped according to local daylength. A high level of intra-accession diversity was observed, but this was less than inter-accession diversity. Accessions with strong basal rot resistance and increased seedling vigour were identified along with associated markers, confirming the utility of the diversity set for discovering beneficial traits. The onion diversity set and associated trait data therefore provide a valuable resource for future germplasm selection and onion breeding. OI Walley, Peter Glen/0000-0001-9166-6294; Taylor, Andrew/0000-0002-9068-8026 SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 132 IS 12 BP 3245 EP 3264 DI 10.1007/s00122-019-03422-0 UT WOS:000509666500002 PM 31520085 ER PT J AU Atiemo, K Mazumder, NR Caicedo, JC Ganger, D Gordon, E Montag, S Maddur, H VanWagner, LB Goel, S Kho, A Abecassis, M Zhao, LH Ladner, D AF Atiemo, Kofi Mazumder, Nikhilesh R. Caicedo, Juan C. Ganger, Daniel Gordon, Elisa Montag, Samantha Maddur, Haripriya VanWagner, Lisa B. Goel, Satyender Kho, Abel Abecassis, Michael Zhao, Lihui Ladner, Daniela TI The Hispanic Paradox in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: Current Evidence From a Large Regional Retrospective Cohort Study SO TRANSPLANTATION AB Background. Despite lower socioeconomic status, Hispanics in the United States paradoxically maintain equal or higher average survival rates compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Methods. We used multivariable Cox regression to assess whether this "Hispanic paradox" applies to patients with liver cirrhosis using a retrospective cohort of twenty 121 patients in a Chicago-wide electronic health record database. Results. Our study population included 3279 (16%) Hispanics, 9150 (45%) NHW, 4432 (22%) African Americans, 529 (3%) Asians, and 2731 (14%) of other races/ethnic groups. Compared to Hispanics, NHW (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.37), African American (HR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15-1.39), and other races/ethnic groups (HR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.40-1.71) had an increased risk of death despite adjustment for age, sex, insurance status, etiology of cirrhosis, and comorbidities. On stratified analyses, a mortality advantage for Hispanics compared to NHW was seen for alcohol cirrhosis (HR for NHW 1.35; 95% CI, 1.19-1.52), hepatitis B (HR for NHW 1.35; 95% CI, 0.98-1.87), hepatitis C (HR for NHW 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06-1.38), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (HR for NHW 1.14; 95% CI, 0.94-1.39). There was no advantage associated with Hispanic race over NHW in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma or cholestatic liver disease. Conclusions. Hispanic patients with cirrhosis experience a survival advantage over many other racial groups despite adjustment for multiple covariates. OI Mazumder, Nikhilesh/0000-0001-9749-5334 SN 0041-1337 EI 1534-6080 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 103 IS 12 BP 2531 EP 2538 DI 10.1097/TP.0000000000002733 UT WOS:000509692800023 PM 30951016 ER PT J AU Lockwood, P AF Lockwood, Peter TI 'Before there is power, there is the country': civic nationalism and political mobilisation amongst Kenya's opposition coalitions, 2013-2018 SO JOURNAL OF MODERN AFRICAN STUDIES AB This paper provides an ethnographic perspective on the street-level deliberations of Kenya's opposition supporters between the 2013 and 2017 elections, arguing that rather than appeals to ethnicity what defines its discourse are broader, inclusive notions of political membership. A civic nationalism is enunciated by opposition supporters that congeals support between multiple ethnic groups through its emphasis on universal values - democracy, due process, equality, adherence to the constitution. However, when such civic ideas are used in political campaigning and mobilising rhetoric, describing a resurgent Kenyan 'people' that has been systematically disenfranchised, they take on an exclusionary character. As 'good constitutionalists', opposition supporters contrast themselves with 'bad nationalists' associated with the government, portrayed as mobilising particularistic ethnic loyalties at the expense of a majority of Kenyans. In practice, their civic ideas remain only potentially inclusive. SN 0022-278X EI 1469-7777 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 57 IS 4 BP 541 EP 561 AR PII S0022278X19000491 DI 10.1017/S0022278X19000491 UT WOS:000509710400003 ER PT J AU Nogueira, CC Argolo, AJS Arzamendia, V Azevedo, JA Barbo, FE Bernils, RS Bolochio, BE Borges-Martins, M Brasil-Godinho, M Braz, HB Buononato, MA Cisneros-Heredia, DF Colli, GR Costa, HC Franco, F Giraudo, AR Gonzalez, RC Guedes, T Hoogmoed, MS Marques, OAV Montingelli, GG Passos, P Prudente, ALC Rivas, GA Sanchez, PM Serrano, F Silva , NJ Strussmann, C Vieira-Alencar, JPS Zaher, H Sawaya, RJ Martins, M AF Nogueira, Cristiano C. Argolo, Antonio J. S. Arzamendia, Vanesa Azevedo, Josue A. Barbo, Fausto E. Bernils, Renato S. Bolochio, Bruna E. Borges-Martins, Marcio Brasil-Godinho, Marcela Braz, Henrique B. Buononato, Marcus A. Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. Colli, Guarino R. Costa, Henrique C. Franco, Francisco Giraudo, Alejandro R. Gonzalez, Rodrigo C. Guedes, Thais Hoogmoed, Marinus S. Marques, Otavio A., V Montingelli, Giovanna G. Passos, Paulo Prudente, Ana L. C. Rivas, Gilson A. Sanchez, Paola M. Serrano, Filipe Silva Jr, Nelson J. Strussmann, Christine Vieira-Alencar, Joao Paulo S. Zaher, Hussam Sawaya, Ricardo J. Martins, Marcio TI Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna SO SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY AB Accurate and detailed species distribution maps are fundamental for documenting and interpreting biological diversity. For snakes, an ecologically diverse group of reptiles, syntheses and detailed data on distribution patterns remain scarce. We present the first comprehensive collection of detailed, voucher-based, point-locality, range maps for all described and documented Brazilian snakes, with the major aim of mitigating the Wallacean shortfall and as a contribution towards a better understanding of this rich, threatened, and poorly studied megadiverse fauna. We recorded a total of 412 snake species in Brazil on the basis of an extensive and verified point-locality database of 163,498 entries and 75,681 unique records (available here as Online Supporting Information). Our results reveal previously undocumented patterns of distribution, sampling effort, richness, and endemism levels, resulting in a more objective view of snake diversity in the Neotropics. Apart from these achievements, we understand that the most relevant and enduring contribution of the present atlas is to stimulate researchers to publish corrections, additions, and new discoveries. RI Serrano, Filipe A C/C-9627-2017; Colli, Guarino Rinaldi/A-5368-2008; de C. de Campos Nogueira, Cristiano/I-5100-2012; de Alencar, Joao Paulo dos Santos Vieira/AAE-2595-2020; Erritto Barbo, Fausto/K-3470-2015 OI Serrano, Filipe A C/0000-0002-8568-678X; Colli, Guarino Rinaldi/0000-0002-2628-5652; de C. de Campos Nogueira, Cristiano/0000-0003-1835-6761; de Alencar, Joao Paulo dos Santos Vieira/0000-0001-6894-6773; Erritto Barbo, Fausto/0000-0001-7382-9002; Sanchez-Martinez, Paola Maria/0000-0002-7791-1326 SN 1808-9798 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 14 SI 1 BP S1 EP S274 DI 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00120.1 UT WOS:000509686200001 ER PT J AU Gregurovic, S AF Gregurovic, Snjezana TI THE IMPACT OF EU CITIZENSHIP ON MIGRANT INTEGRATION The Case of Highly Skilled Migrants from Southeast Europe in Brussels SO ETNOLOSKA TRIBINA AB Migrations undertaken by highly skilled persons assume an important position in knowledge societies, especially in large global cities where there is a need for their work. This article is based on qualitative research conducted in Brussels in 2014, working with a sample (N=20) of highly skilled migrants from Southeast Europe. Through applying Boss wick and Heckmann's (2006) analytical framework, this research examines the influence of European Union citizenship on the system and social dimension to the integration of the researched group. Under system integration, the gaining and enacting of citizenship rights receives special attention, while with social integration, the identificational dimension to integration is in focus. The research results demonstrated that the possession of EU citizenship influences the integration outcome to a greater extent in the case of system integration, and to a lesser extent with social integration. Given that the integration of highly skilled migrants in Brussels occurs within "international strata", rather than a national culture framework, the classic integration model does not function in Brussels. In the case of the integration of highly skilled migrants in a global city such as Brussels, it was shown that migrants do not attach an importance to (national) citizenship as long as they have EU citizenship. Highly skilled migrants from third countries do attach an importance to national citizenship so long as they do not have a work permit with which they are regulating their stay and provided that they plan to settle for a long time in Belgium. SN 0351-1944 EI 1848-9540 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 49 IS 42 BP 102 EP 121 DI 10.15378/1848-9540.2019.42.03 UT WOS:000508933300010 ER PT J AU Blanchet, MA Primicerio, R Frainer, A Kortsch, S Skern-Mauritzen, M Dolgov, AV Aschan, M AF Blanchet, Marie-Anne Primicerio, Raul Frainer, Andre Kortsch, Susanne Skern-Mauritzen, Mette Dolgov, Andrey V. Aschan, Michaela TI The role of marine mammals in the Barents Sea foodweb SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AB Marine mammals are important players in the Barents Sea ecosystem but their structural role in the foodweb has been little explored. We compare foodweb-related characteristics within and between phylogenetic groups for 19 marine mammals. As a group, they directly connect to the most central species (i.e cod and haddock) in the Barents Sea (i.e. cod and haddock) and consume over half of the available species. Pinnipeds are the most homogenous phylogenetic group with high omnivory and high prey richness. Mysticetes are split between well-connected species with high omnivory like the humpback whale, and peripheral specialists like the blue whale. Based on foodweb-derived indices some species consistently cluster together forming two groups, suggesting topological redundancy within them. One is dominated by Arctic seals and the other includes most of the baleen whales. Marine mammals generally contribute to network modularity as their trophic links are mainly within their own module. However, Atlantic species such as the grey seal act as a module connector decreasing modularity. This might negatively affect ecosystem robustness with perturbation effects spreading further and quicker in the foodweb. In the Arctic reaches of the Barents Sea, climate warming is likely to bring about extensive changes in the foodweb structure through a redistribution of species. SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 76 SU 1 BP I37 EP I53 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsz136 UT WOS:000509510300005 ER PT J AU Prokopchuk, IP Trofimov, AG AF Prokopchuk, Irina P. Trofimov, Alexander G. TI Interannual dynamics of zooplankton in the Kola Section of the Barents Sea during the recent warming period SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AB Our research focused on the analysis of interannual variability of zooplankton in the Kola Section (the Barents Sea) in the period of current warming in the Arctic basing on previously unpublished data. The zooplankton community was investigated based on the analysis of 240 plankton samples, collected in late May-early June 2009-2017. A total of 74 zooplankton taxa of nine phyla were identified in the plankton samples, but copepods were the most diverse and numerous taxonomic group. The biodiversity index varied considerably from year to year, but a stable tendency for the index to increase since the beginning of the period studied was observed. Copepods dominated in terms of abundance and biomass, comprising on average 73-96% of the total zooplankton abundance and 81-96% of the total zooplankton biomass. Calanus finmarchicus was the main zooplankton species utterly dominated by abundance and biomass (on average 92 and 97% respectively). Considerable differences in zooplankton abundance and biomass at different stations of the section were observed. Although the investigations were carried out during a warming period, interannual differences in zooplankton abundance and biomass were observed. Zooplankton biomasses were higher in the years with higher temperatures and stronger water inflow. SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 76 SU 1 BP I10 EP I23 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsz206 UT WOS:000509510300003 ER PT J AU Kuzmenko, IS Shevchenko, AI AF Kuzmenko, Irina Sergeevna Shevchenko, Andrey Ivanovich TI The Manifestation Of Ethnic Solidarity In A Multiethnic Social Environment (Certain Select Region Case Study) SO REVISTA SAN GREGORIO AB The purpose of the study is to clarify the nature of ethnic solidarity in a multiethnic social environment. Reasons for this are both the insufficient level of theoretical status of the problem of ethnic solidarity, and the high intensity of the manifestation of intergroup conflicts based on ethnic differences and actualization of ethnosocial characteristics of the conflict subjects, which implies destructive manifestation of group solidarity. The methodological base of the study includes typological comparison, analysis, synthesis, classical methodology of sociological research, and also a modeling method. The results of the study determine the relationship between the specifics of the external distinctness of ethnic groups and the level of conflict in the interethnic environment, as well as determine the role of ethnic solidarity in the escalating of social conflicts to the level of intergroup contradictions. This study considers the process of solidarity in the context of interethnic relations. In particular, the study derives the notion of ethnic solidarity. A particular example of a multiethnic region is the Krasnodar Territory, where one of the authors of the publication (V. Plotnikov) conducted a cycle of external studies of interethnic relations. Particular conclusions drawn from the examination and analysis of manifestations of ethnic solidarity in the multiethnic social environment of a particular region are the basis for similar review of the situation in other regions and are universal. The paper studies the negative forms of the manifestation of ethnic solidarity, the attendant factors, and also gives a local example of consideration of the factors of negative ethnic solidarity. At the end of the study, the authors outline methodological recommendations on the settlement and resolution of the problem of negative ethnic solidarity in the multiethnic region, with the possibility to apply them in the course of regulating social processes in the interethnic environment. SN 1390-7247 EI 2528-7907 PD DEC PY 2019 IS 36 SI SI BP 237 EP 246 UT WOS:000509105000019 ER PT J AU Silva-Castano, AF Wilson, MR Brochero, HL Franco-Lara, L AF Felipe Silva-Castano, Andres Wilson, Michael R. Luisa Brochero, Helena Franco-Lara, Liliana TI Biodiversity, bugs, and barcodes: the Cicadellidae associated with grassland and phytoplasmas in the Sabana de Bogota, Colombia SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST AB The leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) are a diverse and cosmopolitan group of Hemiptera that feed on plants, and occasionally cause losses due to the direct damage they inflict to their hosts, or by transmission of viruses and phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria that can adversely affect many plant families. In the Sabana de Bogota, Colombia, several species of urban trees, potatoes, and strawberry crops are affected by phytoplasma diseases. The family Cicadellidae contains the largest number of known vectors of phytoplasmas, but in Colombia, knowledge of their biology is scarce. The objective of this work was to characterize the diversity of Cicadellidae associated with kikuyu grass Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone (Poaceae) in the grasslands of the Sabana de Bogota, at an urban site of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and a semirural site at the Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, located in Bogota and Cajica, Colombia, respectively. Species richness, abundance, and cicadellid dominance were compared for the 2 sampling sites, using alpha and beta diversity estimators. In total, 3,334 leafhoppers were collected, represented by subfamilies Deltocephalinae (82.3%), Cicadellinae (15.8%), Aphrodinae (1.2%), lassinae (0.6%), ldiocerinae (0.03%), and Typhlocybinae (0.03%). Of the 15 leafhopper species present, 6 were identified to the species level. DNA barcodes were established for 12 morphotypes, including 6 species and 6 superior taxa by amplification of the COI gene. In both locations, the sampling effort was deemed insufficient. Species richness at Universidad Militar Nueva Granada was greater (n = 13) than at Universidad Nacional de Colombia (n = 10), but abundance was higher at Universidad Nacional de Colombia (n = 1,982) than at Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (n = 1,352). The 2 most abundant species were Amplicephalus funzaensis Linnavuori and Exitianus atratus Linnavuori (both Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), both recorded as vectors of phytoplasmas. Other common leafhopper species in collections were Haldorus sp. and Dalbulus sp. (both Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and are considered possible phytoplasma vectors. Because C. clandestinus is host to several cicadellid species, it may play an important role in the epidemiology of phytoplasma transmission in the Sabana de Bogota. SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 102 IS 4 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1653/024.102.0413 UT WOS:000509220000013 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yang, ZH Tao, RY Zhang, SH Li, CT AF Zhang, Jingyi Yang, Zihao Tao, Ruiyang Zhang, Suhua Li, Chengtao TI Genetic investigation of Chinese she ethnic based on autosomal STRs and X-STRs SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES AB The She ethnic is a large minority in China with approximately 700,000 individuals. For more than one thousand years, they mainly resided in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. To obtain a better understanding of the genetic background of She, we investigate 21 autosomal STRs (A-STRs) and 16 X-STRs in 296 unrelated healthy individuals from Zhejiang She population. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters prove these markers are useful for forensic application. We also investigate the genetic background with the two types of markers. Nei genetic distances between She and Eastern Han population are always the lowest, regardless of the markers used for analysis. Although the tested STRs are located on different chromosomes with different inheritance laws, ASTRs and X-STRs provided in general congruent phylogenetic signal and similar cluster among compared groups. These results demonstrated that geographic isolation and interactions play significant roles in differentiation of genetic constitution of ethnic groups. SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.017 UT WOS:000508217000017 ER PT J AU Lesaoana, M Kasu, M D'Amato, ME AF Lesaoana, M. Kasu, M. D'Amato, M. E. TI Forensic parameters and genetic structure based on Y-chromosome short tandem repeats in Lesotho populations SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES AB Lesotho is a landlocked country with approximately 2.2 million inhabitants. Over 97% of the population is represented by the Southern Sotho people (Sotho-Tswana group), followed by a number of minorities mostly from the Nguni language group. In this study we investigated the patterns of genetic variation and report genetic diversity, forensic parameters and novel allele variations in 938 unrelated Bantu males. Population pairwise comparisons identified high affinities between the Xhosa and the Vundle, while the largest genetic distance was observed between the Vundle and the Baphuthi ethnic groups (R-st = 0.14878). A high level of genetic differentiation between populations was observed considering culture and language affiliations as opposed to geographic distance. SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 1 BP 414 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.033 UT WOS:000508217000161 ER PT J AU Gomes, C Amorim, A Okolie, VO Keshinro, SO Starke, A Vullo, C Gusmao, L Gomes, I AF Gomes, C. Amorim, A. Okolie, V. O. Keshinro, S. O. Starke, A. Vullo, C. Gusmao, L. Gomes, I. TI Genetic insight into Nigerian population groups using an X-chromosome decaplex system SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES AB African populations have higher genetic diversity representing an interesting continent for population genetic studies. A sample set from Nigeria, a West African country on the Gulf of Guinea, was genetically characterized using 10 X chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms (DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS7133, GATA31E08, GATA172D05, DXS7423, DXS6809, DXS7132, DXS9902 and DXS6789). 218 unrelated male individuals belonging to three of the largest ethnic groups of Nigeria, namely Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba were sampled. No evidence for statistically significant LD (p <= 0.0011) between all pairs of markers was detected, which may be due to the low power of an exact WA in small sample sizes. When studying the genetic affinity among the three studied ethnic groups, no significant differences were detected (FST <= 0.0069; p >= 0.045) which supports genetic homogeneity among the Nigerian groups for the studied X-chromosome decaplex markers. Parameters for forensic evaluation were also calculated demonstrating the potential application of these markers in diverse kinship scenarios in Nigeria where X-STR analyses may add value. RI Amorim, Antonio/A-7938-2008 OI Amorim, Antonio/0000-0002-7518-6247 SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 1 BP 501 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.067 UT WOS:000508217000195 ER PT J AU Zou, X Wang, Z He, GL Zhu, H Hou, YP AF Zou, Xing Wang, Zheng He, Guanglin Zhu, Hong Hou, Yiping TI Forensic features and genetic structure at insertion/deletion polymorphisms of Chinese Han with other 31 Chinese ethnic groups SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES AB Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have been used in population genetics, anthropology, archaeology and forensic. Chinese Han population with 1.3 billion people is the largest homogeneous ethnicity in the world. Here, we reanalyzed the allele frequency distributions and forensic parameters of 30 InDels included in Qiagen Investigator DIPplex kit in a Meta-Han Chinese population and then explored the genetic affinity between Meta-Han group and other 31 Chinese ethnic populations belonging to different administrative divisions using F-st genetic distances, multidimensional scaling (MDS), phylogenetic analysis and Structure. The values of CPD and CPE in Han Chinese are 0.999999999984 and 0.9879 respectively, which indicating this panel is informative in Han Chinese and can be used for forensic individual identification, while just be served as a supplementary tool for parentage testing. The comprehensive population comparisons reveal that Han Chinese have the genetically closer relationship with Fujian She and Zunyi Miao. Findings from pairwise genetic distances, MDS and phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that genetic affinity is related to ethnic origin, geographical distribution and linguistic background. STRUCTURE analysis indicates that the same language or ethnic origin populations or geographically adjacent groups have similar ancestry composition. SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 1 BP 655 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.127 UT WOS:000508217000255 ER PT J AU Wepeba, PP Iyengar, A Goodwin, W AF Wepeba, Pet-Paul Iyengar, Arati Goodwin, William TI Heterozygous 21 STR loci and triplet alleles observed in population genetic analysis of the GlobalFiler STR loci in the Ghanaian population SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES AB This study profiled 1047 volunteers using the GlobalFiler (TM) Kit from the four main ethnic groups in Ghana: the Akan (282), Mole-Dagomba and Northern ethnic minority (253), Ewe (250) and Ga-Dangbe (262), representing about 98.4% ethnic coverage of the Ghanaian population. The polymorphic nature of the African population was demonstrated during the profiling of the reference dataset with the occurrence of some rare triplet variant alleles. At the TPDX locus, three tri-allelic variants were found with the allelic patterns 6-8-10, 8-9-10 and 9-10-11. In addition, tri-allelic patterns were seen at D5S818 (11-13-14) and D3S1358 (15-16-17). Although the TPDX tri-allelic pattern has been reported in other populations including African, the D5S818; 11-13-14 has never been reported in an African population. It has however, been reported once with a frequency of 1 in 69,600 in a convicted offender case in the USA. The D351358; 15-16-17 pattern has not been reported in an African population. In conclusion, the occurrence of rare alleles is illustrative of the genetic diversity within the Ghanaian population. This was further illustrated by the presence of three individuals that were heterozygous at all 21 STR loci. SN 1875-1768 EI 1875-175X PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 1 BP 753 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.164 UT WOS:000508217000291 ER PT J AU de Moura, JB de Souza, RF Vieira, WG Lima, IR Brito, GHM Marin, C AF de Moura, Jadson Belem de Souza, Rodrigo Fernandes Vieira Junior, Wagner Goncalves Lima, Isabelly Ribeiro Mendes Brito, Gustavo Henrique Marin, Cesar TI Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Bamboo Under Cerrado Brazilian Vegetation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION AB Most studies on bamboo have evaluated their commercial use but few have investigated their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These symbiont fungi are fundamental on plant growth, nutrient cycling, biodiversity maintenance, etc., particularly on acidic/dystrophic soils as those of the Brazilian Cerrado. This study aimed to characterize the community composition and ecological interactions of AMF associated with the bamboo species Actinocladum verticillatum and Bambusa vulgaris vittata, under Cerrado vegetation in central Brazil. Roots and rhizospheric soil samples of A. verticillatum and B. vulgaris vittata were collected on 12 plots in the Gurupi (Tocantis state) and Porangatu (Goias state) microregions. The roots' mycorrhizal colonization rate, rhizospheric soil' spore density, and the associated AMF genera were evaluated. There were no differences in the radical mycorrhizal colonization rates among the two bamboo species, although B. vulgaris vittata showed higher spore density than A. verticillatum. The genera Acaulospora, Claroideglomus, Diversispora, Scutellospora, Glomus, and Gigaspora were identified in both bamboo species, while Sclerocystis was present only on A. verticillatum. The genera Acaulospora, Diversispora, and Glomus were frequently found together. This study may be a first step to future AMF-based bamboo micro-propagation efforts in the Cerrado Brazilian vegetation. RI Marin, Cesar/B-3596-2018 OI Marin, Cesar/0000-0002-2529-8929 SN 0718-9508 EI 0718-9516 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 19 IS 4 BP 954 EP 962 DI 10.1007/s42729-019-00093-0 UT WOS:000509520600023 ER PT J AU Narayanan, SP Sathrumithra, S Christopher, G Thomas, AP Julka, JM AF Narayanan, S. Prasanth Sathrumithra, S. Christopher, G. Thomas, A. P. Julka, J. M. TI First Record of Some Earthworm Species (Oligochaeta: Megadrile) from Kerala Part of Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, Southwest India SO NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS-INDIA AB Until now, occurrence of 98 earthworm species has been reported from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of Kerala. Most of the known species were recorded more than 80-90 years ago. A recent survey of the earthworms of the state has revealed the presence two more species, namely Octolasion tyrtaeum (Savigny, 1826) and Mallehulla indica Julka & Rao, 1982. Here, we are discussing about the details of the specimens collected, its distribution, etc., in the state. SN 0250-541X EI 2250-1754 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 42 IS 6 BP 509 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s40009-019-00797-y UT WOS:000509674900012 ER PT J AU Ali, SA Sridhar, V AF Ali, Syed A. Sridhar, Venkataramana TI Deriving the Reservoir Conditions for Better Water Resource Management Using Satellite-Based Earth Observations in the Lower Mekong River Basin SO REMOTE SENSING AB The Mekong River basin supported a large population and ecosystem with abundant water and nutrient supply. However, the impoundments in the river can substantially alter the flow downstream and its timing. Using limited observations, this study demonstrated an approach to derive dam characteristics, including storage and flow rate, from remote-sensing-based data. Global Reservoir and Lake Monitor (GRLM), River-Lake Hydrology (RLH), and ICESat-GLAS, which generated altimetry from Jason series and inundation areas from Landsat 8, were used to estimate the reservoir surface area and change in storage over time. The inflow simulated by the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model from 2008 to 2016 and the reservoir storage change were used in the mass balance equation to calculate outflows for three dams in the basin. Estimated reservoir total storage closely resembled the observed data, with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination more than 0.90 and 0.95, respectively. An average decrease of 55% in outflows was estimated during the wet season and an increase of up to 94% in the dry season for the Lam Pao. The estimated decrease in outflows during the wet season was 70% and 60% for Sirindhorn and Ubol Ratana, respectively, along with a 36% increase in the dry season for Sirindhorn. Basin-wide demand for evapotranspiration, about 935 mm, implicitly matched with the annual water diversion from 1000 to 2300 million m(3). From the storage-discharge rating curves, minimum storage was also evident in the monsoon season (June-July), and it reached the highest in November. This study demonstrated the utility of remote sensing products to assess the impacts of dams on flows in the Mekong River basin. OI Sridhar, Venkataramana/0000-0002-1003-2247 EI 2072-4292 PD DEC 1 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 2872 DI 10.3390/rs11232872 UT WOS:000508382100153 ER PT J AU Bayle, A Carlson, BZ Thierion, V Isenmann, M Choler, P AF Bayle, Arthur Carlson, Bradley Z. Thierion, Vincent Isenmann, Marc Choler, Philippe TI Improved Mapping of Mountain Shrublands Using the Sentinel-2 Red-Edge Band SO REMOTE SENSING AB Shrub encroachment into grassland and rocky habitats is a noticeable land cover change currently underway in temperate mountains and is a matter of concern for the sustainable management of mountain biodiversity. Current land cover products tend to underestimate the extent of mountain shrublands dominated by Ericaceae (Vaccinium spp. (species) and Rhododendron ferrugineum). In addition, mountain shrubs are often confounded with grasslands. Here, we examined the potential of anthocyanin-responsive vegetation indices to provide more accurate maps of mountain shrublands in a mountain range located in the French Alps. We relied on the multi-spectral instrument onboard the Sentinel-2A and 2B satellites and the availability of red-edge bands to calculate a Normalized Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (NARI). We used this index to quantify the autumn accumulation of anthocyanin in canopies dominated by Vaccinium spp. and Rhododendron ferrugineum and compared the effectiveness of NARI to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a basis for shrubland mapping. Photointerpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery, intensive field campaigns, and floristic surveys provided complementary data to calibrate and evaluate model performance. The proposed NARI-based model performed better than the NDVI-based model with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 against 0.58. Validation of shrub cover maps based on NARI resulted in a Kappa coefficient of 0.67, which outperformed existing land cover products and resulted in a ten-fold increase in estimated area occupied by Ericaceae-dominated shrublands. We conclude that the Sentinel-2 red-edge band provides novel opportunities to detect seasonal anthocyanin accumulation in plant canopies and discuss the potential of our method to quantify long-term dynamics of shrublands in alpine and arctic contexts. EI 2072-4292 PD DEC 1 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 2807 DI 10.3390/rs11232807 UT WOS:000508382100088 ER PT J AU Boutsoukis, C Manakos, I Heurich, M Delopoulos, A AF Boutsoukis, Christos Manakos, Ioannis Heurich, Marco Delopoulos, Anastasios TI Canopy Height Estimation from Single Multispectral 2D Airborne Imagery Using Texture Analysis and Machine Learning in Structurally Rich Temperate Forests SO REMOTE SENSING AB Canopy height is a fundamental biophysical and structural parameter, crucial for biodiversity monitoring, forest inventory and management, and a number of ecological and environmental studies and applications. It is a determinant for linking the classification of land cover to habitat categories towards building one-to-one relationships. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) or 3D Stereoscopy are the commonly used and most accurate remote sensing approaches to measure canopy height. However, both require significant time and budget resources. This study proposes a cost-effective methodology for canopy height approximation using texture analysis on a single 2D image. An object-oriented approach is followed using land cover (LC) map as segmentation vector layer to delineate landscape objects. Global texture feature descriptors are calculated for each land cover object and used as variables in a number of classifiers, including single and ensemble trees, and support vector machines. The aim of the analysis is the discrimination among classes in a wide range of height values used for habitat mapping (from less than 5 cm to 40 m). For that task, different spatial resolutions are tested, representing a range from airborne to spaceborne quality ones, as well as their combinations, forming a multiresolution training set. Multiple dataset alternatives are formed based on the missing data handling, outlier removal, and data normalization techniques. The approach was applied using orthomosaics from DMC II airborne images, and evaluated against a reference LiDAR-derived canopy height model (CHM). Results reached overall object-based accuracies of 67% with the percentage of total area correctly classified exceeding 88%. Sentinel-2 simulation and multiresolution analysis (MRA) experiments achieved even higher accuracies of up to 85% and 91%, respectively, at reduced computational cost, showing potential in terms of transferability of the framework to large spatial scales. EI 2072-4292 PD DEC 1 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 2853 DI 10.3390/rs11232853 UT WOS:000508382100134 ER PT J AU Caraballo, MA Buitrago, EM AF Angeles Caraballo, Ma Buitrago, Eva Ma TI Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Education. A Successful Pairing SO SUSTAINABILITY AB The many growing migratory flows render our societies increasingly heterogeneous. From the point of view of social welfare, achieving all the positive effects of diversity appears as a challenge for our societies. Nevertheless, while it is true that ethnolinguistic diversity involves costs and benefits, at a country level it seems that the former are greater than the latter, even more so when income inequality between ethnic groups is taken into account. In this respect, there is a vast literature at a macro level that shows that ethnolinguistic fragmentation induces lower income, which leads to the conclusion that part of the difference in income observed between countries can be attributed to their different levels of fragmentation. This paper presents primary evidence of the role of education in mitigating the adverse effects of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on the level of income. While the results show a negative association between fragmentation and income for all indices of diversity, the attainment of a certain level of education, especially secondary and tertiary, manages to reverse the sign of the marginal effect of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on income level. Since current societies are increasingly diverse, these results could have major economic policy implications. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6625 DI 10.3390/su11236625 UT WOS:000508186400097 ER PT J AU Campos, I Marin-Gonzalez, E Luz, G Barroso, J Oliveira, N AF Campos, Ines Marin-Gonzalez, Esther Luz, Guilherme Barroso, Joao Oliveira, Nuno TI Renewable Energy Prosumers in Mediterranean Viticulture Social-Ecological Systems SO SUSTAINABILITY AB The significant energy demands of wine production pose both a challenge and an opportunity for adopting a low-carbon, more sustainable and potentially less expensive energy model. Nevertheless, the (dis)incentives for the wider adoption of local production and self-consumption of energy (also known as "prosumerism") from renewable energy sources (RESs) are still not sufficiently addressed, nor are the broader social ecological benefits of introducing RES as part of a sustainable viticulture strategy. Drawing on the social ecological systems (SESs) resilience framework, this article presents the results of a Living Lab (an action-research approach) implemented in Alentejo (South of Portugal), which is an important wine -producing Mediterranean region. The triangulation of results from the application of a multi-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative methods, provided an understanding of the constraining and enabling factors for individual and collective RES prosumer initiatives. Top enablers are related to society's expectation for a greener wine production, but also the responsibility to contribute to reducing carbon emissions and energy costs; meanwhile, the top constraints are financial, legal and technological. The conclusions offer some policy implications and avenues for future research. OI Campos, Ines/0000-0001-5677-875X EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6781 DI 10.3390/su11236781 UT WOS:000508186400253 ER PT J AU de Boer, WP Slinger, JH Kangeri, AKW Vreugdenhil, HSI Taneja, P Addo, KA Vellinga, T AF de Boer, Wiebe P. Slinger, Jill H. Kangeri, Arno K. Wa Vreugdenhil, Heleen S. I. Taneja, Poonam Addo, Kwasi Appeaning Vellinga, Tiedo TI Identifying Ecosystem-Based Alternatives for the Design of a Seaport's Marine Infrastructure: The Case of Tema Port Expansion in Ghana SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Long-term sustainable port development requires accounting for the intrinsic values of ecosystems. However, in practice, ecosystem considerations often only enter the planning and design process of ports when required by an Environmental Impact Assessment. At this late stage, most of the design is already fixed and opportunities to minimize and restore ecosystem impacts are limited. In this paper, we adopt a large-scale, ecosystem perspective on port development with the aim to identify ecosystem-based design alternatives earlier and throughout the planning and design of a port's marine infrastructure. We present a framework, termed the 'ecosystem-based port design hierarchy' (EPDH), to identify ecosystem-based alternatives at four hierarchical design levels: 1) alternatives to port developments, 2) port site selection, 3) port layout design, and 4) design of structures and materials. In applying the EPDH framework retrospectively to a case study of port expansion in Tema, Ghana, we establish that ecosystem considerations played only a limited role in identifying and evaluating alternatives at all four design levels in the case study, whereas more eco-friendly alternatives in terms of port layouts, structures, and materials are identified using the EPDH framework. This reveals that opportunities for ecosystem-friendly port designs may have been missed and demonstrates the need for and the potential added value of our framework. The framework can assist practitioners in earlier and wider identification of ecosystem-based alternatives for a port's marine infrastructure in future seaport developments and, hence, represents an important step towards more sustainable port designs. OI Appeaning Addo, Kwasi/0000-0001-8981-5684 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6633 DI 10.3390/su11236633 UT WOS:000508186400105 ER PT J AU Menggala, SR Vanhove, W Muhammad, DRA Hendri, J Speelman, S Van Damme, P AF Menggala, Sidi Rana Vanhove, Wouter Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji Hendri, Jon Speelman, Stijn Van Damme, Patrick TI Sustainable Harvesting of Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume in Kerinci Regency, Indonesia SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume is an endemic tree of up to 20 meters tall that grows in the surrounding forest in the Kerinci regency. Cinnamon is one of the most valuable non-timber forest products (NTFP) harvested from Kerinci. The tree is classified as an NTFP based on criteria set out by a regulation of the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry in 2007. As a result, it must be harvested sustainably. Its massive cultivation has caused deforestation in several areas in Kerinci. The objective of this paper is to assess the environmental impacts of continuous C. burmannii harvesting of the bark by clearcutting the whole tree. Intensive clearcutting, slash, and burn posed a significant threat for (wildlife) biodiversity in the habitat of C. burmannii. The study was performed in collaboration with the Institute for Agricultural Technology of Jambi (BPTP) from October 2018-January 2019. A harvester group in Lempur Mudik village was surveyed through a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, interviews and direct observations on C. burmannii production methods and their impact on forest conservation. We discuss how young farmers can contribute to forest conservation through sustainable harvesting of cinnamon. We conclude by suggesting leverages for forest conservation and by proposing actions from the local and national governments that should be urgently taken to safeguard wildlife biodiversity in the surrounding forest. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6709 DI 10.3390/su11236709 UT WOS:000508186400181 ER PT J AU Salvia, R Kelly, CL Wilson, GA Quaranta, G AF Salvia, Rosanna Kelly, Claire L. Wilson, Geoff A. Quaranta, Giovanni TI A Longitudinal Approach to Examining the Socio-Economic Resilience of the Alento District (Italy) to Land Degradation-1950 to Present SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Land degradation is a multifaceted phenomenon. In many mountainous and hilly areas that are marginal in terms of their economic and social sustainability, degradation is closely linked to population decline through ageing and outmigration, and to the abandonment of land, leading to a loss of community resilience. These processes acting together can produce positive feedback loops, with the consequential loss of socio-economic resilience at larger spatial scales that can ultimately lead to the disintegration of entire territories. Drawing on recent advances in defining, integrating, and operationalizing the measurement of resilience, this paper took a new approach by exploring changing resilience over an extended period in a rural region of southern Italy. The paper used both quantitative and qualitative methods to test the complex and shifting relationships between multiple domains, as an expression of spatial and temporal patterns of resilience, and examined the impact of shifting resilience on continuing degradation processes. The results suggest that the capacity of socio-ecological systems to respond sustainably to land degradation over an extended period of time is highly dependent on two critical processes: the availability and mobilization of critical factors within the five key domains noted above, and the strength of the temporal and spatial cross-scale relationships between those factors. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6762 DI 10.3390/su11236762 UT WOS:000508186400234 ER PT J AU Savulescu, I Mihai, BA Virghileanu, M Nistor, C Olariu, B AF Savulescu, Ionut Mihai, Bogdan-Andrei Virghileanu, Marina Nistor, Constantin Olariu, Bogdan TI Mountain Arable Land Abandonment (1968-2018) in the Romanian Carpathians: Environmental Conflicts and Sustainability Issues SO SUSTAINABILITY AB The agricultural mountain landscape in the Romanian Carpathians follows the same change trend in other European mountains, from variety and individuality to simplification and uniformization. Our paper proposes two complementary case studies from the Southern Carpathians-Poiana Marului and Fundata, representative areas for the entire Carpathian ecoregion. The research focuses on a remote sensing approach with Corona KH-4B (1968) and Planet Scope (2018) images at 2.0-3.0 m resolution used for mapping arable plots pattern and size change. Landscape transformation modelling is focused on four-hectare sampled grid for both case study areas, followed by a landscape metric analysis. Fundata area is the most transformed, where arable plots disappeared under the service-based economy pressure. Poiana Marului shows an earlier stage of landscape transformation, where the arable land abandonment process is incipient. The spatial and statistical analysis and field survey confirmed that tourism changed the traditional agricultural landscape, generating potential environmental conflicts and indicating the sustainability degree. RI Nistor, Constantin/S-7186-2017 OI Nistor, Constantin/0000-0003-1978-9980 EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6679 DI 10.3390/su11236679 UT WOS:000508186400151 ER PT J AU Sugar, E Fodor, N Sandor, R Bonis, P Vida, G Arendas, T AF Sugar, Eszter Fodor, Nandor Sandor, Renata Bonis, Peter Vida, Gyula Arendas, Tamas TI Spelt Wheat: An Alternative for Sustainable Plant Production at Low N-Levels SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Sustainable agriculture strives for maintaining or even increasing productivity, quality and economic viability while leaving a minimal foot print on the environment. To promote sustainability and biodiversity conservation, there is a growing interest in some old wheat species that can achieve better grain yields than the new varieties in marginal soil and/or management conditions. Generally, common wheat is intensively studied but there is still a lack of knowledge of the competitiveness of alternative species such as spelt wheat. The aim is to provide detailed analysis of vegetative, generative and spectral properties of spelt and common wheat grown under different nitrogen fertiliser levels. Our results complement the previous findings and highlight the fact that despite the lodging risk increasing together with the N fertiliser level, spelt wheat is a real alternative to common wheat for low N input production both for low quality and fertile soils. Vitality indices such as flag leaf chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetation index were found to be good precursors of the final yield and the proposed estimation equations may improve the yield forecasting applications. The reliability of the predictions can be enhanced by including crop-specific parameters which are already available around flowering, beside soil and/or weather parameters. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6726 DI 10.3390/su11236726 UT WOS:000508186400198 ER PT J AU Watkin, LJ Ruangpan, L Vojinovic, Z Weesakul, S Torres, AS AF Watkin, Linda J. Ruangpan, Laddaporn Vojinovic, Zoran Weesakul, Sutat Torres, Arlex Sanchez TI A Framework for Assessing Benefits of Implemented Nature-Based Solutions SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Nature-based solutions (NBS) are solutions that can protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems in urban and rural areas, while providing many benefits and co-benefits including stormwater mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and human well-being. As such, NBS have the potential to alleviate many of the environmental, social, and economic issues that we face today. Grey infrastructure, such as lined trenches and catch basins, pipes, and concrete dikes are frequently used for stormwater management and flood protection, but they do not provide many of the co-benefits that are common with NBS. Grey infrastructure is designed to quickly collect and remove rainwater, whereas NBS keep rainwater where it falls, and where it can be used by the environment. Many stakeholders lack knowledge of the capabilities and benefits of NBS, and as a result, they continue to rely on grey infrastructure in their projects. When information is made available on the benefits and how they can be quantitatively measured, it is hoped that NBS will be promoted to a mainstream infrastructure choice. A valuable way to quantify and highlight the benefits of NBS is by using an evaluation framework. There are several evaluation frameworks that qualitatively assess the potential benefits of possible NBS, however there is a need for quantitative frameworks that can assess the actual benefits (or performance) of implemented (or existing) NBS. This article presents an evaluation framework that aims to quantify the benefits and co-benefits of implemented NBS. The framework involves five main steps: (1) selection of NBS benefit categories, (2) selection of NBS indicators, (3) calculation of indicator values, (4) calculation of NBS grade, and (5) recommendations. The outcome of the framework is a single numerical grade that reflects the benefit functioning for an NBS site and values for each performance indicator. This information may be used by decision makers to determine their budget allocations to expand or construct a new NBS site, to update maintenance plans that will improve the benefits of that site, to set up programs to monitor the NBS benefits and co-benefits over time, and to schedule labour and resources for other NBS projects. The framework was tested and validated on a case study of NBS in Thailand. Through conversations with stakeholders and knowledge of the case study area, relevant categories and indicators were chosen. Using data and information obtained through various means, values for each indicator and the overall NBS grade were calculated. The values revealed which benefits were pronounced, those that were weak, and where improvements were required. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6788 DI 10.3390/su11236788 UT WOS:000508186400260 ER PT J AU Zhu, P Cao, W Huang, L Xiao, T Zhai, J AF Zhu, Ping Cao, Wei Huang, Lin Xiao, Tong Zhai, Jun TI The Impacts of Human Activities on Ecosystems within China's Nature Reserves SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Protected areas (PAs) provide refuges for threatened species and are considered to be the most important approach to biodiversity conservation. Besides climate change, increasing human population is the biggest threat to biodiversity and habitats in PAs. In this paper, the temporal and spatial variations of land cover changes (LCC), vegetation fraction (VFC), and net primary productivity (NPP) were studied to present the ecosystem dynamics of habitats in 6 different types of national nature reserves (NNRs) in 8 climate zones in China. Furthermore, we used Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light datasets and the human disturbance (HD) index estimated from LCC to quantify the living and developing human pressures within the NNRs in the period 2000-2013. The results showed that (1) the living human activities of NNRs increased apparently in the humid warm-temperate zone, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, mid-temperate semi-arid zone, and mid-temperate humid zone, with the highest increase of nighttime light observed in inland wetlands; (2) the developing human activities in NNRs indicated by the HD index were higher in the humid warm-temperate zone and mid-temperate semi-arid zone as a result of increasing areas of agricultural and built activities, and lower in the sub-tropics due to improved conservation of forest ecosystems; (3) the relationship between HD and VFC suggests that ecosystems in most NNRs of south-subtropics, mid-temperate arid zone and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were predominantly impacted by climate change. However, HDs were the prevalent factor of ecosystem dynamics in most NNRs of north-subtropics, mid-temperate semi-arid and humid zones. EI 2071-1050 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 23 AR 6629 DI 10.3390/su11236629 UT WOS:000508186400101 ER PT J AU Arzamani, K Rassi, Y Vatandoost, H Akhavan, AA Abai, MR Alavinia, M Akbarzadeh, K Mohebali, M Rafizadeh, S Karimian, F Badakhshan, M Absavaran, A AF Arzamani, Kourosh Rassi, Yavar Vatandoost, Hassan Akhavan, Amir Ahmad Abai, Mohammad Reza Alavinia, Mohammad Akbarzadeh, Kamran Mohebali, Mehdi Rafizadeh, Sayena Karimian, Fateh Badakhshan, Mehdi Absavaran, Azad TI Comparative Performance of Different Traps for Collection of Phlebotominae Sand Flies and Estimation of Biodiversity Indices in Three Endemic Leishmaniasis Foci in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES AB Background: Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the vectors of leishmaniasis. There are different methods for sand fly collection with different performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of different traps for collection of Phlebotominae sand flies in three endemic leishmaniasis foci in North Khorasan Province, northeast of Iran. Methods: Sand flies were collected using seven different traps from three villages, three times each twenty days during peak periods of seasonal activity in 2016. Results: A total of 7253 sand flies were collected. The specimens belonged to19 species. Phlebotomus sergenti was the most predominant species in the study area. Light trap baited with Carbon dioxide (CLT) and sticky paper trap (SPT) caught 22.6% and 22.3% of sand flies respectively. Animal baited trap (ABT) and white Shannon trap (WST) caught significantly fewer sand flies than the other traps. The sex ratio was different by phlebotominae sand fly species and collection methods. The sex ratio was highest in SPT and lowest in black Shannon trap (BST). Species diversity and species richness in SPT were more than other traps. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that CLT and SPT are the most efficient sand fly collection methods. CLT is higher attractive for females and Phlebotomus genus and is an ideal method for monitoring the population of Phlebotomus genus during surveillance. SPT is an inexpensive, convenient and easy to be used to detect the presence of sand flies at low densities and provide a more realistic estimation of sand flies biodiversity. SN 2322-1984 EI 2322-2271 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 BP 399 EP 406 UT WOS:000508554500007 ER PT J AU Hazratian, T Paksa, A Sedaghat, MM Vatandoost, H Moosa-Kazemi, SH Sanei-Dehkordi, A Salim-Abadi, Y Pirmohammadi, M Yousefi, S Amine, M Oshaghi, MA AF Hazratian, Teimour Paksa, Azim Sedaghat, Mohammad Mahdi Vatandoost, Hassan Moosa-Kazemi, Seyed Hassan Sanei-Dehkordi, Alireza Salim-Abadi, Yaser Pirmohammadi, Masoumeh Yousefi, Saideh Amine, Masoumeh Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali TI Baseline Susceptibility of Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) to Different Imagicides, in Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES AB Background: Culiseta longiareolata is an important vector for many human diseases such as brucellosis, avian influenza and West Nile encephalitis. It is likely an intermediate host of avian Plasmodium that can transmit Malta fever. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility level of Cs. longiareolata to different classes of imagicides which are recommended by World Health Organization. Methods: Larval stages of the Cs. longiareolata were collected from their natural habitats in Marand County at East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern of Iran in 2017. Adult susceptibility test were carried out with using impregnated papers to insecticides including DDT 4%, Cyfluthrin 0.15%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Propoxur 0.1% and Fenitrothion 1% by standard test kits. Results: Results showed that Cs. longiareolata adult is more susceptible to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. Among tested insecticides, Cyfluthrin was the most toxic against Cs. longiareolata with LT50 value of 11.53 minutes and Fenitrothion had the least toxic effect (LT50: 63.39 min). Conclusions: This study provided a guideline for monitoring and evaluation of insecticide susceptibility tests against Cs. longiareolata mosquitoes for further decision making. SN 2322-1984 EI 2322-2271 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 BP 407 EP 415 UT WOS:000508554500008 ER PT J AU Schunck, F Silveira, LF Nascimento, VS AF Schunck, Fabio Silveira, Luis Fabio Nascimento, Valder Soares TI 118 years of ornithological knowledge of a forgotten region of the Atlantic Forest near the largest city in South America SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY AB The Atlantic Forest in eastern South America harbors 849 bird species, of which 216 are endemic and 122 threatened with extinction. It is also one of the 25 biodiversity hotspots recognized throughout the world. Within this biome, the Serra do Mar stands out as an important area of endemism in South America. Nonetheless, ornithological knowledge of the Serra do Mar remains underestimated and incomplete. One lacunae of information for the Serra is a region called Curucutu, which is adjacent to the largest urban area in South America. The avifauna of Curucutu has been sampled occasionally since 1900, but all of the available data have yet to be published. Therefore, we compiled ornithological data published on Serra do Mar over the last 118 years and undertook a 16-year-long field inventory using 3 methods of data collection simultaneously (visual observations, point counts, and mist nets) for a total of 395 field days. Sampling was performed in forest and natural grasslands along an cicvational gradient from 5 to 850 m.a.s.l. A total of 422 species of birds, 128 of which are endemic to the Atlantic Forest and 29 that are threatened with extinction, were documented, thereby illustrating the importance of this region. Of this total, 382 species occur in Nucleo Curucutu do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, demonstrating the importance of this reserve to the regional avifauna. We made several significant additions to the avifauna of the region, with only one species, the Black-necked Aracari (Pteroglossus aracan), being considered regionally extinct because of a lack of records since 1900-thus representing a kind of poorly studied extinction that has yet to be investigated and may be happening with much greater frequency in large forested areas of Serra do Mar. Even though the region is partially protected, being a state reserve, its proximity to the largest urban area in South America automatically puts the area under threat, especially considering the disorganized urban growth that has been encroaching upon natural areas of the region. The expansion of current reserves, and the establishment of new protected areas in this region of Serra do Mar is essential for guaranteeing the integrity of this very rich and threatened bird community of the Atlantic Forest. Received 12 February 2018. Accepted 23 December 2018. SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 131 IS 4 BP 758 EP 773 DI 10.1676/1559-4491-113.4.758 UT WOS:000508614900004 ER PT J AU Matias, DMS Borgemeister, C S?mah, AM von Wehrden, H AF Matias, Denise Margaret S. Borgemeister, Christian Semah, Anne-Marie von Wehrden, Henrik TI The Role of Linked Social-Ecological Systems in aMobile Agent-Based Ecosystem Service from Giant Honey Bees (Apis dorsata) in an Indigenous Community Forest in Palawan, Philippines SO HUMAN ECOLOGY AB In an indigenous forest community in Palawan, Philippines, honey gathering from the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) is a traditional subsistence practice. We characterize the social-ecological dynamics of giant honey bees with indigenous peoples of Tagbanua ethnicity using the mobile agent-based ecosystem service (MABES) framework. Chemical and pollen analysis conducted on honey samples generated data on the ecological features of this linked social-ecological system. These were supplemented by 251 household surveys and key informant interviews with institutional representatives to identify the social and institutional features of the system. Honey samples analyzed for pollen showed a total of 11 different plant families and did not have any traces of pesticide residue. The majority of households interviewed use honey as food, medicine, and a saleable commodity. A small percentage of households use fertilizers and pesticides known to be harmful to bees. Institutions have different knowledge strengths that can be tapped through a transdisciplinary approach. As the scale of production and delivery of MABES is distinctly a product of the mobility of service-delivering organisms, we recommend using a landscape approachwith a focus on maintaining the quality of both the local environment and landscapes around the site of ES delivery. SN 0300-7839 EI 1572-9915 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 47 IS 6 BP 905 EP 915 DI 10.1007/s10745-019-00114-7 UT WOS:000508400300009 ER PT J AU Mozumder, MMH Pyhala, A Wahab, MA Sarkki, S Schneider, P Islam, MM AF Mozumder, Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Pyhala, Aili Wahab, Md. Abdul Sarkki, Simo Schneider, Petra Islam, Mohammad Mahmudul TI Understanding Social-Ecological Challenges of a Small-Scale Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) Fishery in Bangladesh SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) have been playing a crucial role in meeting the basic needs of millions of people around the world. Despite this, the sustainability of global fisheries is a growing concern, and the factors enabling or constraining the sustainable management of small-scale fisheries remain poorly understood. Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) is the single most valuable species harvested in Bangladesh waters, serves nutrition, income, and employment to the large population. This study analyzed the state and challenges of hilsa fishery in the Gangetic River systems (Padma and Meghna Rivers) by using two frameworks, namely the social-ecological systems (SES) and drivers-pressure-state-impact-responses (DPSIR) frameworks. Primary data for this analysis were collected by in-depth interviews (n = 130) and focus group discussions (n = 8) with various stakeholders in the hilsa fisheries. The perspectives explored here have been both critical and constructive, including the identification of problems and suggestions for improving the management of this particular social-ecological system. Hilsa fisheries, however, have come under severe threat since 2003 because of population growth, overfishing, pollution, climate change, the disruption of migration routes due to siltation, etc. All these have caused reduced catches and less stable incomes for fishers. This, in turn, has led to poverty, malnutrition, social tensions, stakeholder conflicts, and debt cycles amongst more impoverished fishing communities. These problems have been compounded by improved fishing technology amongst larger-scale ventures, the use of illegal fishing gears, and the non-compliance of government fishery management programs. Recommendations include the promotion of community-supported fisheries, the enhancement of stakeholder's social resilience, the introduction of co-management approach, an increase in incentives and formal financial supports, and possible community-managed sustainable ecotourism including hilsa fishing-based tourism. OI Mozumder, Mohammad/0000-0001-6727-555X; Pyhala, Aili/0000-0001-7095-5994 SN 1661-7827 EI 1660-4601 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 16 IS 23 AR 4814 DI 10.3390/ijerph16234814 UT WOS:000507275700159 PM 31795523 ER PT J AU Xu, FR Cohen, SA Greaney, ML Hatfield, DL Greene, GW AF Xu, Furong Cohen, Steven A. Greaney, Mary L. Hatfield, Disa L. Greene, Geoffrey W. TI Racial/Ethnic Disparities in US Adolescents' Dietary Quality and Its Modification by Weight-Related Factors and Physical Activity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB There are well-known disparities in the prevalence of obesity across racial-ethnic groups, although the behavioral and psychological factors driving these disparities are less well understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to examine differences in dietary quality by race/ethnicity and weight-related variables [body mass index (BMI), weight loss attempt, and weight dissatisfaction] and physical activity (PA) using the Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015); and (2) to investigate the interactions and independent associations of race/ethnicity, weight-related variables and PA on dietary quality. Data for adolescents aged 12-19 years (n = 3373) were abstracted from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey and analyzed using multiple PROC SURVEYREG, adjusting for demographics and accounting for complex sampling. Analyses determined that Hispanic males had better overall HEI-2015 scores than non-Hispanic whites (48.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 45.7 +/- 0.6, p = 0.003) or blacks (48.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 45.5 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001). Hispanic females also had better dietary quality than non-Hispanic whites (50.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 47.5 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001) and blacks (50.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 47.1 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001). Meeting the PA recommendation modified racial/ethnic differences in dietary quality for females (p = 0.011) and this was primarily driven by the associations among non-Hispanic white females (Delta R-2 = 2.6%, p = 0.0004). The study identified racial/ethnic and gender differences among adolescents in factors that may promote obesity. Results may be useful for obesity prevention efforts designed to reduce health disparities in adolescents. OI Greaney, Mary/0000-0002-5963-920X SN 1661-7827 EI 1660-4601 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 16 IS 23 AR 4803 DI 10.3390/ijerph16234803 UT WOS:000507275700169 PM 31795448 ER PT J AU Coria-Monter, E Monreal-Gomez, MA de Leon, DAS Duran-Campos, E AF Coria-Monter, Erik Adela Monreal-Gomez, Maria Salas de Leon, David Alberto Duran-Campos, Elizabeth TI Bio-optical characterization of the waters of the Bay of La Paz, southern Gulf of California, during late spring 2004 SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA MARINA Y OCEANOGRAFIA AB Information on selected bio-optical properties and primary production values of the waters of the Bay of La Paz, southern Gulf of California, is reported duringJune 2004, a region characterized to have very rich biodiversity, including endemic and endangered species, with high ecological relevance. in-situ measurements of natural fluorescence and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) enabled the subsequent calculation of the incident irradiance (E-0), the light extinction coefficient (k), compensation depth (Z(cr)) and critical depth (Z(c)). The results suggest the presence of light propitious conditions for phytoplankton community growth and net primary production, which are highly significant for the potential development of models of light penetration, ocean color, primary productivity, and analyses of organic carbon energy flow. SN 0717-3326 EI 0718-1957 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 54 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.22370/rbmo.2019.54.3.2031 UT WOS:000507996600011 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Pinillos, M Leduc, A Ameztegui, A Kneeshaw, D Lloret, F Coll, L AF Sanchez-Pinillos, Martina Leduc, Alain Ameztegui, Aitor Kneeshaw, Daniel Lloret, Francisco Coll, Lluis TI Resistance, Resilience or Change: Post-disturbance Dynamics of Boreal Forests After Insect Outbreaks SO ECOSYSTEMS AB Understanding and measuring forest resistance and resilience have emerged as key priorities in ecology and management, particularly to maintain forest functioning. The analysis of the factors involved in a forest's ability to cope with disturbances is key in identifying forest vulnerability to environmental change. In this study, we apply a procedure based on combining pathway analyses of forest composition and structure with quantitative indices of resistance and resilience to disturbances. We applied our approach to boreal forests affected by a major spruce budworm outbreak in the province of Quebec (Canada). We aimed to identify the main patterns of forest dynamics and the environmental factors affecting these responses. To achieve this goal, we developed quantitative metrics of resistance and resilience. We then compared forests with different pre-disturbance conditions and explored the factors influencing their recovery following disturbance. We found that post-outbreak forest dynamics are determined by distinct resistance and resilience patterns according to dominant species and stand composition and structure. Black spruce forests are highly resistant to spruce budworm outbreaks, but this resistance is conditioned by the length of the defoliation period, with long outbreaks having the potential to lead the system to collapse. In contrast, balsam fir forests easily change to a different composition after outbreaks but are highly resilient when mixed with hardwood species. Overall, the severity of the disturbance and the tree species affected are the main drivers contributing to boreal forest resistance and resilience. Our procedure is valuable to understand post-disturbance dynamics of a broad range of communities and to guide management strategies focused on enhancing the resistance and resilience of the system. RI /C-2587-2009; /E-8724-2015 OI /0000-0003-2006-1559; /0000-0002-8035-5949; Sanchez-Pinillos, Martina/0000-0002-1499-4507 SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1886 EP 1901 DI 10.1007/s10021-019-00378-6 UT WOS:000508406000013 ER PT J AU Willcock, S Hooftman, DAP Balbi, S Blanchard, R Dawson, TP O'Farrell, PJ Hickler, T Hudson, MD Lindeskog, M Martinez-Lopez, J Mulligan, M Reyers, B Shackleton, C Sitas, N Villa, F Watts, SM Eigenbrod, F Bullock, JM AF Willcock, Simon Hooftman, Danny A. P. Balbi, Stefano Blanchard, Ryan Dawson, Terence P. O'Farrell, Patrick J. Hickler, Thomas Hudson, Malcolm D. Lindeskog, Mats Martinez-Lopez, Javier Mulligan, Mark Reyers, Belinda Shackleton, Charlie Sitas, Nadia Villa, Ferdinando Watts, Sophie M. Eigenbrod, Felix Bullock, James M. TI A Continental-Scale Validation of Ecosystem Service Models SO ECOSYSTEMS AB Faced with environmental degradation, governments worldwide are developing policies to safeguard ecosystem services (ES). Many ES models exist to support these policies, but they are generally poorly validated, especially at large scales, which undermines their credibility. To address this gap, we describe a study of multiple models of five ES, which we validate at an unprecedented scale against 1675 data points across sub-Saharan Africa. We find that potential ES (biophysical supply of carbon and water) are reasonably well predicted by the existing models. These potential ES models can also be used as inputs to new models for realised ES (use of charcoal, firewood, grazing resources and water), by adding information on human population density. We find that increasing model complexity can improve estimates of both potential and realised ES, suggesting that developing more detailed models of ES will be beneficial. Furthermore, in 85% of cases, human population density alone was as good or a better predictor of realised ES than ES models, suggesting that it is demand, rather than supply that is predominantly determining current patterns of ES use. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of ES model validation, even in data-deficient locations such as sub-Saharan Africa. Our work also shows the clear need for more work on the demand side of ES models, and the importance of model validation in providing a stronger base to support policies which seek to achieve sustainable development in support of human well-being. RI O'Farrell, Patrick/B-6898-2008; Dawson, Terence/E-4724-2011; Martinez-Lopez, Javier/K-4306-2015 OI O'Farrell, Patrick/0000-0002-9538-8831; Willcock, Simon/0000-0001-9534-9114; Dawson, Terence/0000-0002-4314-1378; Mulligan, Mark/0000-0002-0132-0888; Martinez-Lopez, Javier/0000-0002-0825-7252 SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1902 EP 1917 DI 10.1007/s10021-019-00380-y UT WOS:000508406000014 ER PT J AU Fan, KX Tao, J Zang, LP Yao, J Huang, JH Lu, XH Ding, Y Xu, Y Zang, RG AF Fan, Kexin Tao, Jing Zang, Lipeng Yao, Jie Huang, Jihong Lu, Xinghui Ding, Yi Xu, Yue Zang, Runguo TI Changes in Plant Functional Groups during Secondary Succession in a Tropical Montane Rain Forest SO FORESTS AB Aggregating diverse plant species into a few functional groups based on functional traits provides new insights for promoting landscape planning and conserving biodiversity in species-diverse regions. Ecophysiological traits are the basis of the functioning of an ecosystem. However, studies related to the identification of functional groups based on plant ecophysiological traits in tropical forests are still scarce because of the inherent difficulties in measuring them. In this study, we measured five ecophysiological traits: net photosynthetic capacity (A(max)), maximum stomatal conductance (g(max)), water use efficiency (WUE), transpiration rate (Trmmol), and specific leaf areas (SLA) for 87 plant species dominant in a chronosequence of secondary succession, using four time periods (5 year-primary, 15 year-early, and 40 year-middle successional stages after clear cutting and old growth) in the tropical montane rainforest on Hainan Island, China. These species were grouped using hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Finally, the changes in the composition of functional groups and species richness along the chronosequence were analyzed. Results showed that the plant species in the tropical montane rainforest could be classified into eight distinct functional groups. The richness of functional groups was low during the initial early stage and increased as the early and middle stages progressed, and then declined in the late successional stage. The dominant functional groups in the primary stages had the highest A(max), g(max), Trmmol, and SLA, as well as the lowest WUE, while those in the early and middle successional stages had functional traits at a moderate level, and at the late stage they had the lowest A(max), g(max), Trmmol, and SLA, and highest WUE. Our study showed that the diverse plant species in the tropical montane rainforest could be grouped into a few functional groups according to major ecophysiological traits, and the composition and relative abundance of different groups changed with the successional dynamics of the forest ecosystem. OI Zang, Runguo/0000-0001-5392-8193 EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1134 DI 10.3390/f10121134 UT WOS:000507288400060 ER PT J AU Filipe, JAN Cobb, RC Salmon, M Gilligan, CA AF Filipe, Joao A. N. Cobb, Richard C. Salmon, Maelle Gilligan, Christopher A. TI Management Strategies for Conservation of Tanoak in California Forests Threatened by Sudden Oak Death: A Disease-Community Feedback Modelling Approach SO FORESTS AB We use a new modelling approach to predict the cumulative impact of Phytophthora ramorum on the dynamic distribution of tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and other tree species in coastal-Californian forest-communities. We explore the effectiveness of disease-management strategies for the conservation of tanoak at stand level. Forest resources are increasingly threatened by emerging pathogens such as P. ramorum, a generalist that kills hosts and has altered ecosystems in the USA and Europe. In coastal California, P. ramorum has the greatest impact on tanoak through leaf sporulation and lethal bole infections, but also sporulates on the common overstory-tree bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) without significant health impact. Such epidemiological differences impede host-species coexistence and challenge pathogen management. For most disease-impacted natural systems, however, empirical evidence is still insufficient to identify effective and affordable pathogen-control measures for retaining at-risk host populations. Yet, landscape-scale tree mortality requires swift actions to mitigate ecological impacts and loss of biodiversity. We apply a mathematical model of the feedback between disease and forest-community dynamics to assess the impacts of P. ramorum invasion on tanoak under stand-scale disease-management strategies by landowners aiming to retain tanoak and slow disease progression: (1) removal of inoculum through reduction of bay laurel abundance; (2) prevention of tanoak infection through chemical protection (acting epidemiologically like a vaccine); and (3) a combination strategy. The model results indicate that: (1) both bay laurel removal and tanoak protection are required to help maintain tanoak populations; (2) treatment effectiveness depends on forest composition and on threshold criteria; (3) sustainable tanoak conservation would require long-term follow-up of preventive treatments; (4) arresting basal sprouting upon tree removal may help to reduce inoculum. These findings suggest potential treatments for specific forest conditions that could be tested and implemented to reduce P. ramorum inoculum and disease and to conserve tanoak at stand level. EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1103 DI 10.3390/f10121103 UT WOS:000507288400070 ER PT J AU Li, J Liu, G Lu, Q Zhang, YR Li, GQ Du, S AF Li, Jie Liu, Guan Lu, Qi Zhang, Yanru Li, Guoqing Du, Sheng TI Future Climate Change Will Have a Positive Effect on Populus davidiana in China SO FORESTS AB Since climate change significantly affects global biodiversity, a reasonable assessment of the vulnerability of species in response to climate change is crucial for conservation. Most existing methods estimate the impact of climate change on the vulnerability of species by projecting the change of a species' distribution range. This single-component evaluation ignores the impact of other components on vulnerability. In this study, Populus davidiana (David's aspen), a tree species widely used in afforestation projects, was selected as the research subject under four future climate change scenarios (representative concentration pathway (RCP)2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). Exposure components of range change as well as the degree of fragmentation, degree of human disturbance, and degree of protection were considered simultaneously. Then, a multicomponent vulnerability index was established to assess the effect of future climate change on the vulnerability of P. davidiana in China. The results show that the distribution range of P. davidiana will expand to the northwest of China under future climate change scenarios, which will lead to an increased degree of protection and a decreased degree of human disturbance, and hardly any change in the degree of fragmentation. The multicomponent vulnerability index values of P. davidiana under the four emission scenarios are all positive by 2070, ranging from 14.05 to 38.18, which fully indicates that future climate change will be conducive to the survival of P. davidiana. This study provides a reference for the development of conservation strategies for the species as well as a methodological case study for multicomponent assessment of species vulnerability to future climate change. RI DU, SHENG/A-7528-2008 OI DU, SHENG/0000-0002-5580-399X EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1120 DI 10.3390/f10121120 UT WOS:000507288400107 ER PT J AU Lohmus, P Lohmus, A AF Lohmus, Piret Lohmus, Asko TI The Potential of Production Forests for Sustaining Lichen Diversity: A Perspective on Sustainable Forest Management SO FORESTS AB There is a critical gap in our knowledge about sustainable forest management in order to maintain biodiversity with respect to allocating conservation efforts between production forests and set-asides. Field studies on this question are notably scarce on species-rich, poorly detectable taxon groups. On the basis of forest lichen surveys in Estonia, we assessed the following: (i) how much production stands contribute to maintaining the full species pool and (ii) how forest habitat conditions affect this contribution for habitat specialist species. The field material was collected in a "semi-natural forestry" system, which mitigates negative environmental impacts of even-aged forestry and forestry drainage by frequently using natural regeneration, tree retention, and low intensity of thinnings. We performed standard-effort surveys of full assemblages of lichens and allied fungi (such as non-lichenized calicioid and lichenicolous fungi) and measured stand structure in 127 2 ha plots, in mainland Estonia. The plots represented four management stages (old growth, mature preharvest forests, clear-cut sites with retention trees, and clear-cut sites without retention trees). The 369 recorded species represent an estimated 70% of the full species pool studied. Our main finding was that production forests supported over 80% of recorded species, but only one-third appears tolerant of management intensification. The landscape-scale potential of production forests through biodiversity-friendly silviculture is approximately twice as high as the number of tolerant species and, additionally, many very rare species depend on setting aside their scattered localities. The potential is much smaller at the scale of individual stands. The scale effect emerges because multiple stands contribute different sets of sensitive and infrequent species. When the full potential of production forests is realized, the role of reserves is to protect specific old-growth dependent taxa (15% to 20% of the species pool). Our study highlights that production forests form a heterogeneous and dynamic target for addressing the biodiversity conservation principle of sustainable forest management. EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1063 DI 10.3390/f10121063 UT WOS:000507288400017 ER PT J AU Malovrh, SP Paletto, A Posavec, S Dobsinska, Z Dordevic, I Maric, B Avdibegovic, M Kitchoukov, E Stijovic, A Trajkov, P Laktic, T AF Malovrh, Spela Pezdevsek Paletto, Alessandro Posavec, Stjepan Dobsinska, Zuzana Dordevic, Ilija Maric, Bruno Avdibegovic, Mersudin Kitchoukov, Emil Stijovic, Aleksandar Trajkov, Pande Laktic, Tomislav TI Evaluation of the Operational Environment Factors of Nature Conservation Policy Implementation: Cases of Selected EU and Non-EU Countries SO FORESTS AB The complex policy decision-making situation around nature conservation requires examination of the operational environment. This study develops and tests a three-phase analytical framework for the evaluation of operational environment factors influencing nature conservation policy implementation. The four important operational environment factors (legal, policy, economic, and social) have been identified, to build up a framework. The framework was tested in selected countries and includes experts' opinions. Experts (n = 44) from five EU countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Slovakia, and Slovenia) and four non-EU countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) defined and evaluated the factors and sub-factors that affect the operational environment related to nature conservation policy implementation. The results show policy changes arising from the new governance requirements introduced by changed political regime and Europeanization are key driving factors for changes in the nature conservation operational environment. For nature conservation, these wide-reaching changes have led to new political and legal frameworks, new institutional set-ups and multilevel governance frameworks, new establishment of protected areas and Natura 2000 network, and the re-allocation of financial resources and inclusion of non-state actors in policy decision-making. However, there are also some challenges and unsolved problems that need further attention from policy decision-makers and institutions, especially related to the institutional gap, sustainable financing of nature conservation, transposition of the EU Directives into legal systems, designation of sites or improving their implementation, implementation of innovative funding schemes, and a transparent participatory process. This analytical framework can be applied to various problems related to any environmental issues or other policy implementation or management, and other sectors where public decision-making is combined with stakeholders' engagement. OI Paletto, Alessandro/0000-0001-8708-3723 EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1099 DI 10.3390/f10121099 UT WOS:000507288400052 ER PT J AU Park, J Kim, HS Jo, HK Jung, IB AF Park, Juhan Kim, Hyun Seok Jo, Hyun Kook Jung, I. I. Bin TI The Influence of Tree Structural and Species Diversity on Temperate Forest Productivity and Stability in Korea SO FORESTS AB Research Highlights: Using a long-term dataset on temperate forests in South Korea, we established the interrelationships between tree species and structural diversity and forest productivity and stability, and identified a strong, positive effect of structural diversity, rather than tree species diversity, on productivity and stability. Background and Objectives: Globally, species diversity is positively related with forest productivity. However, temperate forests often show a negative or neutral relationship. In those forests, structural diversity, instead of tree species diversity, could control the forest function. Materials and Methods: This study tested the effects of tree species and structural diversity on temperate forest productivity. The basal area increment and relative changes in stand density were used as proxies for forest productivity and stability, respectively. Results: Here we show that structural diversity, but not species diversity, had a significant, positive effect on productivity, whereas species diversity had a negative effect, despite a positive effect on diversity. Structural diversity also promoted fewer changes in stand density between two periods, whereas species diversity showed no such relation. Structurally diverse forests might use resources efficiently through increased canopy complexity due to canopy plasticity. Conclusions: These results indicate reported species diversity effects could be related to structural diversity. They also highlight the importance of managing structurally diverse forests to improve productivity and stability in stand density, which may promote sustainability of forests. OI Kim, Hyun-Seok/0000-0002-3440-6071 EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1113 DI 10.3390/f10121113 UT WOS:000507288400090 ER PT J AU Rogers, PC Sebesta, J AF Rogers, Paul C. Sebesta, Jan TI Past Management Spurs Differential Plant Communities within a Giant Single-Clone Aspen Forest SO FORESTS AB Sustainable aspen ecosystems hold great promise for global biodiversity conservation. These forests harbor relatively high species diversity, yet are threatened by fire suppression, land development, timber-focused management, extended droughts, and chronic herbivory. "Pando" is a high-profile quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) forest in Utah, USA which is putatively the 'largest living organism on earth.' Pando comprises an estimated 47,000 genetically identical stems, but is threatened by human impacts. Our interest in the present study is whether changes to the giant organism were affecting understorey vegetation and whether discrete zones are displaying divergent community compositions. For instance, recent research has demonstrated strong herbivory impacts that are affecting portions of Pando differentially. This study consists of 20 randomly distributed vegetation survey plots within three de facto management regimes (hereafter, management group or type) along an herbivory protection gradient: No Fence, 2013 Fence (total protection), and 2014 Fence (imperfect protection). The plant survey was supplemented by previously-established forest and herbivore measurements to test for community assemblage explanatory agents. Sixty-eight species were found across the entire study. Analyses indicated strong links between management group orientation, species assemblages, and tree density/canopy openings. We found distinct evidence that within management group species composition was more similar than across groups for two of the three pairings. However, the other pairing, the most successfully protected area and the completely unprotected area, was not statistically distinct; likely a result a deteriorating overstorey in these two areas, whereas the third management type (2014 Fence) exhibited higher canopy cover. Indicator species analysis found that a small group of plant species had statistical allegiances to specific management groups, suggesting resource preference selection within Pando. Ordination analysis searching for causal factors reached two broad conclusions: (1) aspen regeneration, and therefore long-term resilience, is being negatively affected by chronic animal browsing and (2) current understorey species diversity is highest where forest canopy gaps are abundant. Future research at the massive Pando clone will continue informing linkages between understorey communities and overstorey-driven ecological pathways. EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1118 DI 10.3390/f10121118 UT WOS:000507288400097 ER PT J AU Xie, QJ Yue, Y Hu, DH AF Xie, Qijiao Yue, Yang Hu, Daohua TI Residents' Attention and Awareness of Urban Edible Landscapes: A Case Study of Wuhan, China SO FORESTS AB More and more urban residents in China have suffered from food insecurity and failed to meet the national recommendation of daily fruit and vegetable consumption due to rapid urbanization in recent years. Introducing edible landscapes to urban greening systems represents an opportunity for improving urban food supply and security. However, residents' opinion on urban edible landscapes has rarely been discussed. In this study, questionnaire surveys were performed in eight sample communities in Wuhan, China, to collect the information on residents' attention and awareness of urban edible landscapes. Results indicated that nearly one-third of the respondents were unaware of edible landscapes before the interview. Most residents thought that an edible landscape could promote efficient land use (57.26%) and express special ornamental effects (54.64%), but quite a few didn't believe that growing edible plants in urban public spaces could increase food output (37.10%) and improve food quality (40.12%). Overall, 45.65% and 32.73% of the growers performed their cultivation behavior in private and semiprivate spaces, respectively. Lack of public areas for agriculture use was regarded as the main barrier restricting the development of urban horticulture by 55.86% of growers and 59.51% of non-growers. The residents were also worried about their property manager's opposition, possible conflicts, and complex relationships with their neighbors. Food policies and infrastructure support from local governments and official institutions were needed to ensure the successful implementation of edible landscapes in urban areas. EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1142 DI 10.3390/f10121142 UT WOS:000507288400064 ER PT J AU Xu, JS Dang, H Wang, M Chai, YF Guo, YX Chen, Y Zhang, CG Yue, M AF Xu, Jinshi Dang, Han Wang, Mao Chai, Yongfu Guo, Yaoxin Chen, Yu Zhang, Chenguang Yue, Ming TI Is Phylogeny More Useful than Functional Traits for Assessing Diversity Patterns Under Community Assembly Processes? SO FORESTS AB Phylogenetic and functional diversities and their relationship are important for understanding community assembly, which relates to forest sustainability. Thus, both diversities have been used in ecological studies evaluating community responses to environmental changes. However, it is unclear whether these diversity measures can uncover the actual community assembly processes. Herein, we examined their utility to assess such assembly processes by analyzing similarities in phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic alpha- and beta-diversities along an elevational gradient. Additionally, we examined the relationships among environment, phylogeny, and functional traits within the community. Based on our results, we evaluated whether phylogenetic or functional diversity could better reveal the actual community assembly processes. We found that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional alpha-diversities were correlated with one another. Although the functional alpha-diversity showed a linear correlation with the elevational gradient, taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha-diversities showed unimodal patterns. Both phylogenetic and functional beta-diversities correlated with taxonomic beta-diversity, but there was no significant relationship between the former. Overall, our results evidenced that phylogenetic diversity and taxonomic diversity showed similar patterns, whereas functional diversity showed a relatively independent pattern, which may be due to limitations in the functional trait dimensions used in the present study. Although it is difficult to unravel whether the environment shapes phylogeny or functional traits within a community, phylogenetic diversity is a good proxy for assessing the assembly processes, whereas functional diversity may improve knowledge on the community by maximizing information about the functional trait dimensions. EI 1999-4907 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 12 AR 1159 DI 10.3390/f10121159 UT WOS:000507288400034 ER PT J AU Semerdjieva, I Sidjimova, B Yankova-Tsvetkova, E Kostova, M Zheljazkov, VD AF Semerdjieva, Ivanka Sidjimova, Boryana Yankova-Tsvetkova, Elina Kostova, Milena Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. TI Study on Galanthus species in the Bulgarian flora SO HELIYON AB Genus Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) includes 19 species in Europe and the Middle East. The Flora of Bulgaria recognizes two species: G. nivalis L. and G. elwesii Hook. Galanthus elwesii is characterized by relatively high morphological variability, leading some authors to identify some populations as G. gracilis Celak. However, the occurrence of G. gracilis in the Bulgarian flora is disputed. The hypothesis was that populations previously identified as G. gracilis belong indeed to a separate species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare G. nivalis and G. elwesii with plants from populations previously identified as G. gracilis. Morphological, DNA, embryological and anatomical analyzes were conducted to meet the objective. The morphological characteristics and DNA dendrogram revealed that G. gracilis and G. elwesii were situated in the same cluster and had significant morphological similarity, whereas plants from populations identified as G. nivalis were dissimilar in morphology and situated in a separate cluster. The revealed features of the generative sphere showed similarities across the species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the surface revealed that the anticillinal walls of G. elwesii and G. gracilis were straight, while those of G. nivalis were wavy. This research demonstrated that the plants of G. elwesii and those from populations identified as G. gracilis are morphologically, embryologically and genetically similar, thus refuting the hypothesis. This study did not provide sufficient evidence to support the claim of the existence of G. gracilis in the Bulgarian flora; the populations identified as G. gracilis in Bulgaria may be forms of G. elwesii. OI Sidjimova, Boriana/0000-0003-4766-8000 SN 2405-8440 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 5 IS 12 AR e03021 DI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03021 UT WOS:000504401100120 ER PT J AU Proctor, MF McLellan, B Stenhouse, GB Mowat, G Lamb, CT Boyce, MS AF Proctor, Michael F. McLellan, Bruce Stenhouse, Gordon B. Mowat, Garth Lamb, Clayton T. Boyce, Mark S. TI Effects of roads and motorized human access on grizzly bear populations in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada SO URSUS AB The growing human footprint has placed unprecedented stressors on ecosystems in recent decades resulting in losses of biodiversity and ecosystem function around the world. Roads are influential through their direct footprint and facilitating human access; however, their influence can be mitigated. Here, we review the scientific literature on the relationship between grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), human motorized access, and the efficacy of motorized access control as a tool to benefit grizzly bear conservation in western Canada. We found that motorized access affected grizzly bears at the individual and population levels through effects on bears' habitat use, home range selection, movements, population fragmentation, survival, and reproductive rates that ultimately were reflected in population density, trend, and conservation status. Motorized access management was effective in mitigating these effects. Our review of the scientific literature suggests that industrial road management would be a useful tool if (a) roads exist in high-quality grizzly bear habitats with population-energy-rich food resources; (b) open road densities exceed 0.6 km/km(2); (c) less than at least 60% of the unit's area is >500 m from an open road in patch sizes of >= 10 km(2). Motorized access management would be most beneficial in threatened populations, in areas where roads occur in the highest quality habitats, within and adjacent to identified linkage areas between population units, and in areas that are expected to exceed motorized route thresholds as a result of resource extraction activities. Evidence suggests benefits of motorized access management are more likely to be realized if habitat quality is integrated and is best if managed at scales that optimize the benefit of distribution, survival, reproduction, and density of female grizzly bears. We encourage land use managers developing access rules to consider a wider spectrum of biodiversity and overall habitat conservation, and suggest landscape road targets that will benefit bear conservation. SN 1537-6176 EI 1938-5439 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 30 IS E2 BP 16 EP 39 DI 10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00016.2 UT WOS:000508137300001 ER PT J AU Cardona-Almeida, C Obregon, N Canales, FA AF Cardona-Almeida, Cesar Obregon, Nelson Canales, Fausto A. TI An Integrative Dynamic Model of Colombian Population Distribution, Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle and Matter, Energy, and Information Flow SO ENTROPY AB Human society has increased its capacity to exploit natural resources thanks to new technologies, which are one of the results of information exchange in the knowledge society. Many approaches to understanding the interactions between human society and natural systems have been developed in the last decades, and some have included considerations about information. However, none of them has considered information as an active variable or flowing entity in the human-natural/social-ecological system, or, moreover, even as a driving force of their interactions. This paper explores these interactions in socio-ecological systems by briefly introducing a conceptual frame focused on the exchange of information, matter, and energy. The human population is presented as a convergence variable of these three physical entities, and a population distribution model for Colombia is developed based on the maximum entropy principle to integrate the balances of related variables as macro-state restrictions. The selected variables were electrical consumption, water demand, and higher education rates (energy, matter, and information). The final model includes statistical moments for previous population distributions. It is shown how population distribution can be predicted yearly by combining these variables, allowing future dynamics exploration. The implications of this model can contribute to bridging information sciences and sustainability studies. EI 1099-4300 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 21 IS 12 AR 1172 DI 10.3390/e21121172 UT WOS:000507375900040 ER PT J AU Holting, L Jacobs, S Felipe-Lucia, MR Maes, J Norstrom, AV Plieninger, T Cord, AF AF Hoelting, Lisanne Jacobs, Sander Felipe-Lucia, Maria R. Maes, Joachim Norstrom, Albert, V Plieninger, Tobias Cord, Anna F. TI Measuring ecosystem multifunctionality across scales SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB Multifunctionality refers to the capacity of an area to supply multiple ecosystem functions or services. While many conceptual and methodological advances have focused on defining and quantifying multifunctionality, the challenge of dealing with cross-scale dynamics of multifunctionality remains open. This study proposes a new way of measuring multifunctionality across spatial scales, illustrated with a European-wide dataset of 18 ecosystem services. Our assessment captures not only the diversity of ecosystem services supplied within each municipality (alpha-multifunctionality), but also the unique contribution of each municipality to the regional ecosystem service diversity (beta-multifunctionality). This cross-scale analysis helps better understanding the spatial distribution of ecosystem services, which is required to design management and policies at the right scale. Our analysis shows that alpha-multifunctionality follows a latitudinal gradient across Europe and strongly decreases towards the city centers of metropolitan areas. By relating alpha- and beta-multifunctionality to land use intensity, we show that low-intensity management systems support higher ecosystem multifunctionality across Europe. Municipalities of low alpha-multifunctionality often contribute significantly to regional multifunctionality, by providing ecosystem services of a specific value to the region. Our method to measure both alpha- and beta-multifunctionality thus provides a new way to inform reconciliation of competing land uses when maximizing alpha-multifunctionality is not reasonable. RI ; Plieninger, Tobias/E-3861-2010 OI Holting, Lisanne/0000-0003-0867-7828; Plieninger, Tobias/0000-0003-1478-2587; Jacobs, Sander/0000-0003-4674-4817 SN 1748-9326 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 14 IS 12 AR 124083 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/ab5ccb UT WOS:000507865000001 ER PT J AU Alcala-Orozco, M Caballero-Gallardo, K Olivero-Verbel, J AF Alcala-Orozco, Maria Caballero-Gallardo, Karina Olivero-Verbel, Jesus TI Mercury exposure assessment in indigenous communities from Tarapaca village, Cotuhe and Putumayo Rivers, Colombian Amazon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Mercury (Hg) is a complex and multifaceted global pollutant. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining activities are largely responsible for Hg contamination in developing countries, in many cases impacting areas of high biodiversity such as the Amazon. The aim of the study was to establish Hg exposure in indigenous citizens from the Tarapaca village, Cotuhe and Putumayo Rivers, at the Colombian Amazon. Total Hg (T-Hg) concentrations were measured employing a DMA-80 Hg analyzer. For that purpose, 190 hair samples were taken from volunteers living in different communities of Tarapaca. The overall mean T-Hg level for all samples was 10.6 +/- 0.4 mu g/g, with values ranging from 0.61 to 31.1 mu g/g. The mean T-Hg level decreased in the order Puerto Huila > Puerto Ticuna > Ventura > Nueva Union > Buenos Aires > Santa Lucia > Puerto Nuevo > Cana Brava > Pupuna. Based on recommendations from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 99.5% of the samples exceeded the maximum level of 1.0 mu g/g. Hg content in human hair was significantly associated with fish consumption (rho = 0.253; p < 0.001). According to the health survey, at least 24.7% of the volunteers manifested some signs and symptoms of Hg poisoning. In short, these data support the extensive Hg exposure in the environment of the Colombian Amazon, a process that could be impacting the quality of life of its vulnerable indigenous groups. Immediate actions must be taken by competent authorities to protect these communities from Hg poisoning. SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 26 IS 36 BP 36458 EP 36467 DI 10.1007/s11356-019-06620-x UT WOS:000507283600033 PM 31728948 ER PT J AU Dar, JA Kothandaraman, S Raha, D Kumar, A Khare, PK Khan, ML AF Dar, Javid Ahmad Kothandaraman, Subashree Raha, Debojyoti Kumar, Ashwani Khare, Pramod Kumar Khan, Mohammed Latif TI Tree diversity, biomass and carbon storage in sacred groves of Central India SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB Sacred groves are small or large patches of forest and are rich in biodiversity, store carbon (C) in biomass and soil, besides providing important ecosystem services. However, the information on tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in sacred groves of Central India, Madhya Pradesh is elusive and fragmented. In the present study, 41 sacred groves were inventoried for tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in vegetation and soil. A total of 103 tree species from 81 genera belonging to 37 families were recorded. Shannon's diversity, Dominance, Fisher's alpha, and species evenness indices for trees varied: 0.77-2.53, 0.07-0.64, 1.58-20.37, and 0.28-0.90 respectively. Tree density ranged 75-675 no. of stems ha(-1) with a mean of 271 no. of stems ha(-1), while basal area ranged 6.8-47 m(2) ha(-1) with a mean value of 27 m(2) ha(-1). Tree biomass ranged 34.9-409.8 Mg ha(-1) with a mean value of 194.01 Mg ha(-1), while, tree C ranged between 17.5 and 204.9 Mg C ha(-1) with a mean value of 97.0 Mg C ha(-1). The total soil organic carbon stock (0-30 cm) ranged from 22.4 to 112.5 Mg C ha(-1) with the mean value of 62 Mg C ha(-1). Biomass C and SOC contributed 61% and 39% of the total C stocks, respectively. Tree C stock showed a significant positive relationship with tree basal area (R-2 = 0.968). A total of five tree species belonging to four families were found to be vulnerable in Central India. The present study reveals that the sacred groves of Central India are species rich, have higher C stocks and sequestration potential in both vegetation and soil, and calls for an immediate attention for conservation and planning for long-term C sequestration. RI KUMAR, ASHWANI/B-6408-2012 OI KUMAR, ASHWANI/0000-0002-8453-3183; Dar, Javid Ahmad/0000-0002-2018-8376 SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 26 IS 36 BP 37212 EP 37227 DI 10.1007/s11356-019-06854-9 UT WOS:000507283600095 PM 31748990 ER PT J AU Cancello, R Turroni, S Rampelli, S Cattaldo, S Candela, M Cattani, L Mai, S Vietti, R Scacchi, M Brigidi, P Invitti, C AF Cancello, Raffaella Turroni, Silvia Rampelli, Simone Cattaldo, Stefania Candela, Marco Cattani, Laila Mai, Stefania Vietti, Roberta Scacchi, Massimo Brigidi, Patrizia Invitti, Cecilia TI Effect of Short-Term Dietary Intervention and Probiotic Mix Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota of Elderly Obese Women SO NUTRIENTS AB Accumulating literature is providing evidence that the gut microbiota is involved in metabolic disorders, but the question of how to effectively modulate it to restore homeostasis, especially in the elderly, is still under debate. In this study, we profiled the intestinal microbiota of 20 elderly obese women (EO) at the baseline (TO), after 15 days of hypocaloric Mediterranean diet administered as part of a nutritional-metabolic rehabilitation program for obesity (T1), and after a further 15 days of the same diet supplemented with a probiotic mix (T2). Fecal samples were characterized by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The EO microbiota showed the typical alterations found in obesity, namely, an increase in potential pro-inflammatory components (i.e., Collinsella) and a decrease in health-promoting, short-chain fatty acid producers (i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae members), with a tendency to reduced biodiversity. After 15 days of the rehabilitation program, weight decreased by (2.7 +/- 1.5)% and the gut microbiota dysbiosis was partially reversed, with a decline of Collinsella and an increase in leanness-related taxa. During the next 15 days of diet and probiotics, weight dropped further by (1.2 +/- 1.1)%, markers of oxidative stress improved, and Akkermansia, a mucin degrader with beneficial effects on host metabolism, increased significantly. These findings support the relevant role of a correct dietetic approach, even in the short term, to modulate the EO gut microbiota towards a metabolic health-related configuration, counteracting the increased risk of morbidity in these patients. RI Rampelli, Simone/K-5675-2016 OI Rampelli, Simone/0000-0002-5655-6695; SCACCHI, MASSIMO/0000-0002-4624-9114; MAI, Stefania/0000-0002-1054-2677; Turroni, Silvia/0000-0003-2345-9482; Vietti, Roberta/0000-0003-4995-1627 EI 2072-6643 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 3011 DI 10.3390/nu11123011 UT WOS:000506917800173 PM 31835452 ER PT J AU Kafer, S Paraskevopoulou, S Zirkel, F Wieseke, N Donath, A Petersen, M Jones, TC Liu, S Zhou, X Middendorf, M Junglen, S Misof, B Drosten, C AF Kaefer, Simon Paraskevopoulou, Sofia Zirkel, Florian Wieseke, Nicolas Donath, Alexander Petersen, Malte Jones, Terry C. Liu, Shanlin Zhou, Xin Middendorf, Martin Junglen, Sandra Misof, Bernhard Drosten, Christian TI Re-assessing the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in insects SO PLOS PATHOGENS AB Author summary The diversity of insect viruses is relevant to medical, environmental, and food sciences. Our knowledge of insect viruses is highly biased because medical research has focused on mosquitoes and a few other blood-feeding species. While insects are the most diversified group of animals on the planet, the great majority of all insect species remain completely unexamined for viruses. Here we searched the most comprehensive and most evenly composed collection of insects for negative strand RNA viruses based on full transcriptomes. In 1243 insect species of all orders, we found 488 independent viral sequences encoding an RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a signature gene for RNA viruses. These data add considerably to our knowledge on viral diversity, and reveal that viruses have coevolved with insect hosts. However, our results also provide a reminder of the pitfalls associated with virus discovery and taxonomic classification in the age of metagenomics. The spectrum of viruses in insects is important for subjects as diverse as public health, veterinary medicine, food production, and biodiversity conservation. The traditional interest in vector-borne diseases of humans and livestock has drawn the attention of virus studies to hematophagous insect species. However, these represent only a tiny fraction of the broad diversity of Hexapoda, the most speciose group of animals. Here, we systematically probed the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in the largest and most representative collection of insect transcriptomes from samples representing all 34 extant orders of Hexapoda and 3 orders of Entognatha, as well as outgroups, altogether representing 1243 species. Based on profile hidden Markov models we detected 488 viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences with similarity to negative strand RNA viruses. These were identified in members of 324 arthropod species. Selection for length, quality, and uniqueness left 234 sequences for analyses, showing similarity to genomes of viruses classified in Bunyavirales (n = 86), Articulavirales (n = 54), and several orders within Haploviricotina (n = 94). Coding-complete genomes or nearly-complete subgenomic assemblies were obtained in 61 cases. Based on phylogenetic topology and the availability of coding-complete genomes we estimate that at least 20 novel viral genera in seven families need to be defined, only two of them monospecific. Seven additional viral clades emerge when adding sequences from the present study to formerly monospecific lineages, potentially requiring up to seven additional genera. One long sequence may indicate a novel family. For segmented viruses, cophylogenies between genome segments were generally improved by the inclusion of viruses from the present study, suggesting that in silico misassembly of segmented genomes is rare or absent. Contrary to previous assessments, significant virus-host codivergence was identified in major phylogenetic lineages based on two different approaches of codivergence analysis in a hypotheses testing framework. In spite of these additions to the known spectrum of viruses in insects, we caution that basing taxonomic decisions on genome information alone is challenging due to technical uncertainties, such as the inability to prove integrity of complete genome assemblies of segmented viruses. OI Zhou, Xin/0000-0002-1407-7952; Jones, Terry/0000-0003-1120-9531; Paraskevopoulou, Sofia/0000-0003-2608-2596; liu, shanlin/0000-0001-8118-8313 SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 15 IS 12 AR e1008224 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008224 UT WOS:000507327900023 PM 31830128 ER PT J AU Bruno, D Zapata, V Guareschi, S Picazo, F Dettori, E Carbonell, JA Millan, A Velasco, J Robledano, F AF Bruno, Daniel Zapata, Victor Guareschi, Simone Picazo, Felix Dettori, Ettore Antonio Carbonell, Jose Millan, Andres Velasco, Josefa Robledano, Francisco TI Short-Term Responses of Aquatic and Terrestrial Biodiversity to Riparian Restoration Measures Designed to Control the Invasive Arundo donax L. SO WATER AB Invasive species are among the top five causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. Arundo donax has progressively colonized the riparian zones of Mediterranean rivers with detrimental effects on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, being catalogued as one of the 100 worst invasive species. In order to control this invasive species and restore native riparian vegetation, different methods have been traditionally used, depending on the environmental, economic and social context. Here, the effect of repeated above-ground removal of A. donax on aquatic and terrestrial communities was assessed by testing two different frequencies of mowing (monthly-intensive and quarterly-extensive), combined with the plantation of native species. Specifically, it was evaluated if riparian vegetation, birds and aquatic macroinvertebrates showed significant responses throughout time and between restoration treatments based on 4-year annual biomonitoring data (2015-2018). Changes in taxonomic diversity and ecological quality indices for the different biological communities were tested using mixed-effect models (LMEs). Similarly, comparisons between restored and reference sites were also performed. LMEs were also applied to assess how riparian variables were related to bird and aquatic macroinvertebrate indices. NMDS and MGLM-Mvabund analyses were performed to detect significant post-treatment differences in taxa composition compared to the initial state and reference sites. During this short-term assessment, increases in riparian and aquatic macroinvertebrate richness and quality indices were found, as well as significant decreases in A. donax height, density and cover, without significant differences between restoration treatments. However, differential effects between extensive (positive-neutral effect) and intensive treatments (neutral-negative effect) were detected for bird richness, density and abundance. After three years of restoration actions, restored sites are still far from reference values in terms of taxa composition, species richness and ecological quality, especially for riparian vegetation and birds. Given the high cost and the great efforts required for restoration, extensive repeated mowing, together with native species plantation, are only recommended on river reaches not fully invaded by A. donax and with a high ecological interest. RI Millan, Andres/D-3655-2009 OI Millan, Andres/0000-0003-0036-363X EI 2073-4441 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 2551 DI 10.3390/w11122551 UT WOS:000507378600124 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, T Murolo, A Fiasca, B Di Camillo, AT Di Cicco, M Galassi, DMP AF Di Lorenzo, Tiziana Murolo, Alessandro Fiasca, Barbara Di Camillo, Agostina Tabilio Di Cicco, Mattia Galassi, Diana Maria Paola TI Potential of A Trait-Based Approach in the Characterization of An N-Contaminated Alluvial Aquifer SO WATER AB Groundwater communities residing in contaminated aquifers have been investigated mainly through taxonomy-based approaches (i.e., analyzing taxonomic richness and abundances) while ecological traits have been rarely considered. The aim of this study was to assess whether a trait analysis adds value to the traditional taxonomy-based biomonitoring in N-contaminated aquifers. To this end, we monitored 40 bores in the Vomano alluvial aquifer (VO_GWB, Italy) for two years. The aquifer is a nitrate vulnerable zone according to the Water Framework Directive. The traditional taxonomy-based approach revealed an unexpectedly high biodiversity (38 taxa and 5725 individuals), dominated by crustaceans, comparable to that of other unpolluted alluvial aquifers worldwide. This result is in contrast with previous studies and calls into question the sensitivity of stygobiotic species to N-compounds. The trait analysis provided an added value to the study, unveiling signs of impairments of the groundwater community such as low juveniles-to-adults and males-to-females ratios and a crossover of biomasses and abundances curves suggestive of an intermediate alteration of the copepod assemblages. OI , Tiziana/0000-0003-2060-8294 EI 2073-4441 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 2553 DI 10.3390/w11122553 UT WOS:000507378600126 ER PT J AU Kirschke, S Hager, A Kirschke, D Volker, J AF Kirschke, Sabrina Haeger, Astrid Kirschke, Dieter Voelker, Jeanette TI Agricultural Nitrogen Pollution of Freshwater in Germany. The Governance of Sustaining a Complex Problem SO WATER AB The nitrogen pollution of freshwater heavily affects social-ecological systems. To reduce negative effects, research calls for an integrated approach, including a coherent and diverse set of governance instruments. Thus far, however, the effects of (non-)integration have been blurry. Taking Germany as an example, this study sheds light on the actual complexity of the problem along five dimensions of complexity (goals, variables, dynamics, interconnections, and uncertainties). It also sheds light on related governance instruments (rules, information, and economic incentives) and their impacts on problem-solving (implementation of specific measures). Analyses include expert interviews on complexity, European water and agricultural policies, and official data on the planning and implementation of measures to reduce nitrogen concentrations. Results show Germany's path of sustaining a complex problem by using a non-coherent and low diversity governance approach, avoiding rigorous rules, and barely using economic instruments to deal with nitrogen surpluses. A stronger integration of water and agricultural policies, as well as a better use of economic instruments, are suggested to enhance water quality in the future. EI 2073-4441 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 2450 DI 10.3390/w11122450 UT WOS:000507378600023 ER PT J AU Lai, GG Burato, S Padedda, BM Zorza, R Pizzul, E Delgado, C Luglie, A Cantonati, M AF Lai, Giuseppina G. Burato, Sara Padedda, Bachisio M. Zorza, Raffaella Pizzul, Elisabetta Delgado, Cristina Luglie, Antonella Cantonati, Marco TI Diatom Biodiversity in Karst Springs of Mediterranean Geographic Areas with Contrasting Characteristics: Islands vs Mainland SO WATER AB Karst ecosystems are considered as priority environments for the protection of biodiversity on a global scale. This study provides a first comparative analysis of epilithic diatom flora from karst springs in two Mediterranean geographic areas (Spain and Italy) with contrasting characteristics (islands vs mainland). We investigated twenty-three springs with different anthropogenic impact levels once in the winter season between 2007 and 2017 (N = 23). A total of 176 diatom taxa (56 genera) were found of which 101 (44 genera) were observed in single sites. A general good biotic integrity was revealed by structural indices (species richness, diversity and evenness). However, crenophilous species were generally present and abundant in less impacted springs. Comparing islands and mainland, significant differences were found in species composition and diversity (H') based on multivariate analyses (global R = 0.610; p = 0.001) and t-test (t = 2.304; p = 0.031). Discharge and Cl- were the most significant variables in determining diatom assemblages. Our results confirm the role of springs as multiple ecotones and refuges for rare species and suggest that the geographic insularity may be an important factor in maintaining diatom biodiversity. OI Padedda, Bachisio Mario/0000-0002-0988-5613; Cantonati, Marco/0000-0003-0179-3842; RAFFAELLA, ZORZA/0000-0002-0324-2967 EI 2073-4441 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 2602 DI 10.3390/w11122602 UT WOS:000507378600174 ER PT J AU Piccini, L Di Lorenzo, T Costagliola, P Galassi, DMP AF Piccini, Leonardo Di Lorenzo, Tiziana Costagliola, Pilario Galassi, Diana Maria Paola TI Marble Slurry's Impact on Groundwater: The Case Study of the Apuan Alps Karst Aquifers SO WATER AB Modern sawing techniques employed in ornamental stones' exploitation produce large amounts of slurry that can be potentially diffused into the environment by runoff water. Slurry produced by limestone and marble quarrying can impact local karst aquifers, negatively affecting the groundwater quality and generating a remarkable environmental and economic damage. A very representative case-study is that of the Apuan Alps (north-western Tuscany, Italy) because of the intensive marble quarrying activity. The Apuan Alps region extends over about 650 km(2); it hosts several quarries, known all over the world for the quality of the marble extracted, and a karst aquifer producing about 70,000 m(3)/day of high-quality water used directly for domestic purposes almost without treatments. In addition, Apuan Alps are an extraordinary area of natural and cultural heritage hosting many caves (about 1200), karst springs and geosites of international and national interest. During intense rain events, carbonate slurry systematically reaches the karst springs, making them temporarily unsuitable for domestic uses. In addition, the deterioration of the water quality threatens all the hypogean fauna living in the caves. This paper provides preliminary insights of the hydrological and biological indicators that can offer information about the impact of the marble quarrying activities on groundwater resources, karst habitats and their biodiversity. OI , Tiziana/0000-0003-2060-8294 EI 2073-4441 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 2462 DI 10.3390/w11122462 UT WOS:000507378600035 ER PT J AU Strona, G Fattorini, S Fiasca, B Di Lorenzo, T Di Cicco, M Lorenzetti, W Boccacci, F Galassi, DMP AF Strona, Giovanni Fattorini, Simone Fiasca, Barbara Di Lorenzo, Tiziana Di Cicco, Mattia Lorenzetti, Walter Boccacci, Francesco Galassi, Diana M. P. TI AQUALIFE Software: A New Tool for a Standardized Ecological Assessment of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems SO WATER AB We introduce a suite of software tools aimed at investigating multiple bio-ecological facets of aquatic Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs). The suite focuses on: (1) threats posed by pollutants to GDE invertebrates (Ecological Risk, ER); (2) threats posed by hydrological and hydromorphological alterations on the subsurface zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs (Hydrological-Hydromorphological Risk, HHR); and (3) the conservation priority of GDE communities (Groundwater Biodiversity Concern index, GBC). The ER is assessed by comparing tolerance limits of invertebrate species to specific pollutants with the maximum observed concentration of the same pollutants at the target site(s). Comparison is based on an original, comprehensive dataset including the most updated information on tolerance to 116 pollutants for 474 freshwater invertebrate species. The HHR is assessed by accounting for the main direct and indirect effects on both the hyporheic zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs, and by scoring each impact according to the potential effect on subsurface invertebrates. Finally, the GBC index is computed on the basis of the taxonomical composition of a target community, and allows the evaluation of its conservation priority in comparison to others. EI 2073-4441 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 2574 DI 10.3390/w11122574 UT WOS:000507378600147 ER PT J AU Jim?nez-Gomis, C Frank, AG Chiesa, GS Ruiz, CC AF Jimenez-Gomis, Cristina Garcia Frank, Alejandra Sarmiento Chiesa, Graciela Castillo Ruiz, Carolina TI Conservation Status of the Listed Marine Fossil Sites in the Macizo de Anaga Biosphere Reserve (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain) SO GEOHERITAGE AB Owing to their characteristics and origins, palaeontological objects should indeed be considered within the scope of natural heritage, since they are natural items not arising from human action. However, in the Canary Islands, they are dependent on historical heritage legislation. The fossil record of the Canaries is exceptional and important, since it has been preserved in the context of active oceanic volcanic islands. The first fossils found in the archipelago are marine, belonging to the Jurassic period and they extend up to the Holocene. These fossil sites can be considered a non-renewable resource with a high risk of disappearance, which we should know how to conserve and protect. To this effect, the marine palaeontological sites of Anaga were assessed. Each of the sites were therefore rated in terms of scientific, sociocultural and socioeconomic value, as well as the damage risks, as part of the goal of documenting their exact present state. The heritage assessment applied 26 criteria, to maintain objectivity. Results show the high-risk level the palaeontological sites are under, as well as its general importance (they scored more than 1.9 out of 3 points). The fossil site of Tachero has the highest heritage value and stands out in most of the applied parameters. Results also contribute to the idea that palaeobiological conservation is useful to preserve current biodiversity. Aided by this assessment, the value of the palaeontological resources of the Canary Islands will help diversifying tourismand enhancing the sustainable economic growth of the archipelago. SN 1867-2477 EI 1867-2485 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1757 EP 1769 DI 10.1007/s12371-019-00388-9 UT WOS:000503733300040 ER PT J AU Li, H Wang, YJ Yu, QL Feng, TS Zhou, R Shao, LY Qu, JP Li, N Bo, TB Zhou, HK AF Li, Huan Wang, Yijie Yu, Qiaoling Feng, Tianshu Zhou, Rui Shao, Liye Qu, Jiapeng Li, Nan Bo, Tingbei Zhou, Huakun TI Elevation is Associated with Human Skin Microbiomes SO MICROORGANISMS AB Human skin microbiota plays a crucial role in the defense against pathogens, and is associated with various skin diseases. High elevation is positively correlated with various extreme environmental conditions (i.e., high ultraviolet radiation), which may exert selection pressure on skin microbiota, and therefore influence human health. Most studies regarding skin microbial communities have focused on low-elevation hosts. Few studies have explored skin microbiota in high-elevation humans. Here, we investigated the diversity, function, assembly, and co-occurrence patterns of skin microbiotas from 35 health human subjects across three body sites (forehead, opisthenar, and palm) and seven elevation gradients from 501 to 3431 m. Alpha diversity values (i.e., Shannon diversity and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs)) decreased with increasing elevation regardless of the body site, while beta diversity (Jaccard and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities) showed an increasing trend with elevation. Elevation is a significant factor that influences human skin microbiota, even after controlling host-related factors. Skin microbiotas at high elevation with more than 3000 m on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, had a significant structural or functional separation from those at low elevation with less than 3000 m. Notably, the clustering coefficient, average degree, and network density were all lower at high-elevation than those at low-elevation, suggesting that high-elevation skin networks were more fragile and less connected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that human skin microbiotas are mainly dominated by stochastic processes (58.4%-74.6%), but skin microbiotas at high-elevation harbor a greater portion of deterministic processes than those at low-elevation, indicating that high-elevation may be conducive to the promotion of deterministic processes. Our results reveal that the filtering and selection of the changeable high-elevation environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may lead to less stable skin microbial community structures. OI Bo, Tingbei/0000-0002-6163-2509; Li, Nan/0000-0003-1782-6610 EI 2076-2607 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 12 AR 611 DI 10.3390/microorganisms7120611 UT WOS:000506646400029 PM 31771258 ER PT J AU Milani, C Alessandri, G Mancabelli, L Lugli, GA Longhi, G Anzalone, R Viappiani, A Duranti, S Turroni, F Ossiprandi, MC van Sinderen, D Ventura, M AF Milani, Christian Alessandri, Giulia Mancabelli, Leonardo Lugli, Gabriele Andrea Longhi, Giulia Anzalone, Rosaria Viappiani, Alice Duranti, Sabrina Turroni, Francesca Ossiprandi, Maria Cristina van Sinderen, Douwe Ventura, Marco TI Bifidobacterial Distribution Across Italian Cheeses Produced from Raw Milk SO MICROORGANISMS AB Cheese microbiota is of high industrial relevance due to its crucial role in defining the organoleptic features of the final product. Nevertheless, the composition of and possible microbe-microbe interactions between these bacterial populations have never been assessed down to the species-level. For this reason, 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling combined with internally transcribed spacer (ITS)-mediated bifidobacterial profiling analyses of various cheeses produced with raw milk were performed in order to achieve an in-depth view of the bifidobacterial populations present in these microbially fermented food matrices. Moreover, statistical elaboration of the data collected in this study revealed the existence of community state types characterized by the dominance of specific microbial genera that appear to shape the overall cheese microbiota through an interactive network responsible for species-specific modulatory effects on the bifidobacterial population. EI 2076-2607 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 12 AR 599 DI 10.3390/microorganisms7120599 UT WOS:000506646400017 PM 31766566 ER PT J AU Pascucci, I Di Domenico, M Curini, V Cocco, A Averaimo, D D'Alterio, N Camma, C AF Pascucci, Ilaria Di Domenico, Marco Curini, Valentina Cocco, Antonio Averaimo, Daniela D'Alterio, Nicola Camma, Cesare TI Diversity of Rickettsia in Ticks Collected in Abruzzi and Molise Regions (Central Italy) SO MICROORGANISMS AB Rickettsiae have worldwide occurrence and rickettsiosis are widely recognized as emerging infections in several parts of the world. For decades, it was thought that a single pathogenic tick-borne spotted fever group (SFG), Rickettsia, occurred in each continent. Nowadays, thanks to molecular biology, new species of Rickettsia responsible for disease in humans are continuously identified worldwide. In a framework of diagnostic activities of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Gaporale" and considering some reports of suspected human clinical cases of rickettsiosis, a survey on ticks collected form animals and humans was carried out with the aim to identify the Rickettsia species circulating in Abruzzi and Molise regions. A total of 603 ticks, previously identified at species level by morphology, pooled into 178 tick samples, were tested by pan-Rickettsia RealTime PCR. DNA from specimens positive for Rickettsia spp. was then sequenced in order to identify the Rickettsia species involved. The highest infection rate was detected in Dermacentor marginatus followed by Ixodes ricinus. The selected targets for this purpose were OmpA and gltA. Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia monacensis, Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia raoultii, and Rickettsia felis - like organisms were identified in this study. These are the first data available in the literature for the circulation of SFG Rickettsia species in the selected geographical area. Results made evidence of high rate of infection in ticks. All Rickettsia species detected have been previously involved in human infection. The diversity of Rickettsia detected, and tick species collected reflects the biodiversity in term of wildlife and environment of the area. An association between Rickettsia species, ticks, and the relationships with vertebrate host species are discussed. Due to the peculiar eco-biology of each Rickettsia species, the use of diagnostic tools able to identify Rickettsia at the species level is thus recommended in order to assess the risk for humans and to elucidate more precise etiological diagnosis in clinical cases. RI PASCUCCI, ILARIA/D-6159-2016; Di Domenico, Marco/C-2303-2016 OI PASCUCCI, ILARIA/0000-0003-0041-4599; Di Domenico, Marco/0000-0003-4795-8323 EI 2076-2607 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 7 IS 12 AR 696 DI 10.3390/microorganisms7120696 UT WOS:000506646400113 PM 31847276 ER PT J AU de Jonge, PA von Meijenfeldt, FAB van Rooijen, LE Brouns, SJJ Dutilh, BE AF de Jonge, Patrick A. von Meijenfeldt, F. A. Bastiaan van Rooijen, Laura E. Brouns, Stan J. J. Dutilh, Bas E. TI Evolution of BACON Domain Tandem Repeats in crAssphage and Novel Gut Bacteriophage Lineages SO VIRUSES-BASEL AB The human gut contains an expanse of largely unstudied bacteriophages. Among the most common are crAss-like phages, which were predicted to infect Bacteriodetes hosts. CrAssphage, the first crAss-like phage to be discovered, contains a protein encoding a Bacteroides-associated carbohydrate-binding often N-terminal (BACON) domain tandem repeat. Because protein domain tandem repeats are often hotspots of evolution, BACON domains may provide insight into the evolution of crAss-like phages. Here, we studied the biodiversity and evolution of BACON domains in bacteriophages by analysing over 2 million viral contigs. We found a high biodiversity of BACON in seven gut phage lineages, including five known crAss-like phage lineages and two novel gut phage lineages that are distantly related to crAss-like phages. In three BACON-containing phage lineages, we found that BACON domain tandem repeats were associated with phage tail proteins, suggestive of a possible role of these repeats in host binding. In contrast, individual BACON domains that did not occur in tandem were not found in the proximity of tail proteins. In two lineages, tail-associated BACON domain tandem repeats evolved largely through horizontal transfer of separate domains. In the third lineage that includes the prototypical crAssphage, the tandem repeats arose from several sequential domain duplications, resulting in a characteristic tandem array that is distinct from bacterial BACON domains. We conclude that phage tail-associated BACON domain tandem repeats have evolved in at least two independent cases in gut bacteriophages, including in the widespread gut phage crAssphage. RI ; Dutilh, Bas E./B-9719-2011 OI von Meijenfeldt, F. A. Bastiaan/0000-0002-0037-0007; Dutilh, Bas E./0000-0003-2329-7890 EI 1999-4915 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 11 IS 12 AR 1085 DI 10.3390/v11121085 UT WOS:000506894800033 PM 31766550 ER PT J AU Casals, J Rivera, A Rull, A del Castillo, RR Sabate, J Sans, S Soler, S Diez, MJ Casanas, F Prohens, J Simo, J AF Casals, Joan Rivera, Ana Rull, Aurora Romero del Castillo, Roser Sabate, Josep Sans, Silvia Soler, Salvador Diez, Maria Jose Casanas, Francesc Prohens, Jaime Simo, Joan TI Improving the Conservation and Use of Traditional Germplasm through Breeding for Local Adaptation: The Case of the Castellfollit del Boix Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landrace SO AGRONOMY-BASEL AB The dramatic reduction in the diversity of crops in the last century is often attributed to the consolidation of scientific breeding, probably because the two processes have occurred at the same time. We carried out a breeding program to enhance the Castellfollit del Boix landrace of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a low-input environment to determine the effects of breeding on a landrace at risk of disappearing. The program increased the number of accessions conserved ex situ and obtained more efficient genotypes that are less likely to be abandoned by farmer without altering the characteristics that consumers appreciate most. As a result, the availability of the product, its promotion, and its use have increased. We propose a Conservation Potential Index to measure the impact of changes in the crop's epiphenotype, and also apply it to a set of landraces from several crops. We argue that scientific breeding and information gathered in the context of genetic improvement programs can help to conserve biodiversity when they aim to adapt materials to different local environments, rather than having a negative impact on the biodiversity of crops. This approach contrasts with the genetic erosion that results from efforts to homogenize environments by increasing inputs, so that a few improved varieties adapted to these environments can be grown. RI Prohens, Jaime/H-2228-2015 OI Prohens, Jaime/0000-0003-1181-9065 EI 2073-4395 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 889 DI 10.3390/agronomy9120889 UT WOS:000507280400092 ER PT J AU Kawanobe, M Toyota, K Fujita, T Hatta, D AF Kawanobe, Masanori Toyota, Koki Fujita, Tomonori Hatta, Daisuke TI Evaluation of Nematicidal Activity of Fluensulfone against Non-Target Free-Living Nematodes under Field Conditions SO AGRONOMY-BASEL AB The use of nematicides with reduced toxic side-effects against non-target free-living nematodes is a favorable option for farmers to control plant-parasitic nematodes. The nematicide fluensulfone was registered in several countries for the control of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. among other plant-parasitic nematodes. This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of fluensulfone against non-target nematode fauna in four field experiments, each under different conditions (soils types and plant hosts). Nematodes extracted from soil samples were classified and counted based on their morphological characters. Fluensulfone significantly reduced damage caused by root-knot nematodes to tomato and sweet potato plants, while overall non-target free-living nematode population densities were maintained at the same level as those in control. Different diversity indices (e.g., Shannon-Wiener H', Simpson's D, species richness, evenness J', maturity indices) and principal component analyses in the four experiments showed that fluensulfone treatment kept a similar diversity level of non-target free-living nematode fauna to that of the non-treated control. The results suggested that fluensulfone may have minimal impact to free-living nematode fauna in both population density and diversity when the nematicide was applied to control Meloidogyne spp. EI 2073-4395 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 853 DI 10.3390/agronomy9120853 UT WOS:000507280400105 ER PT J AU Kazimierczak, R Srednicka-Tober, D Hallmann, E Kopczynska, K Zarzynska, K AF Kazimierczak, Renata Srednicka-Tober, Dominika Hallmann, Ewelina Kopczynska, Klaudia Zarzynska, Krystyna TI The Impact of Organic vs. Conventional Agricultural Practices on Selected Quality Features of Eight Potato Cultivars SO AGRONOMY-BASEL AB An organic agricultural system based on natural methods and means of production is an alternative to intensive agriculture. The available research suggests that organic crops, in comparison to the conventional ones, are richer in phenolics and other antioxidants while containing less undesirable pesticide residues and nitrates. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of polyphenols, lutein, vitamin C, and nitrates in eight potato cultivars (Mazur, Justa, Lawenda, Lech, Tacja, Laskana, Otolia, Magnolia) grown organically and conventionally in a controlled field experiment in Poland. Significant differences between potato tubers of the tested cultivars coming from organic and conventional production were identified for the majority of parameters. Higher concentrations of nitrates and lutein were found in conventional compared to the organic tubers, while organic potatoes were, on average, richer in phenolic compounds. Among the tested cultivars, Magnolia, Otolia, and Laskara were richest in vitamin C and phenolics. Otolia and Laskara also accumulated the highest levels of nitrates. If further confirmed, these observations might be of importance for the producers and consumers, who increasingly search for foods from sustainable and well-controlled agricultural systems. OI Hallmann, Ewelina/0000-0002-4855-7057; Kazimierczak, Renata/0000-0002-4334-6672; Srednicka-Tober, Dominika/0000-0002-8143-2918 EI 2073-4395 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 799 DI 10.3390/agronomy9120799 UT WOS:000507280400007 ER PT J AU Loureiro, I Santin-Montanya, I Escorial, MC Garcia-Ruiz, E Cobos, G Sanchez-Ramos, I Pascual, S Gonzalez-Nunez, M Chueca, MC AF Loureiro, Inigo Santin-Montanya, Ines Escorial, Maria-Concepcion Garcia-Ruiz, Esteban Cobos, Guillermo Sanchez-Ramos, Ismael Pascual, Susana Gonzalez-Nunez, Manuel Chueca, Maria-Cristina TI Glyphosate as a Tool for the Incorporation of New Herbicide Options in Integrated Weed Management in Maize: A Weed Dynamics Evaluation SO AGRONOMY-BASEL AB A farm-scale investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of integrating glyphosate into different weed management programs when cultivating herbicide-tolerant maize in central Spain from 2012 to 2014. The weed management programs were (1) a conventional weed management with pre- and post-emergent herbicide applications, (2) a weed management program in which the number and total amount of conventional herbicides applied were reduced, and (3) three weed management programs that comprised either two post-emergent applications of the herbicide glyphosate, or only one glyphosate application combined with pre- and/or post-emergent herbicides. Weed density throughout each cropping season was greater in those weed management programs that did not include a pre-emergence application of herbicides than those that did. Moreover, none of the weed management programs affected the richness and species diversity of the weeds or reduced yields. Although the impact of the different programs was similar in terms of weed species diversity, the composition of the weed community differed and this effect must be considered when providing agroecosystem services. Our results indicate that glyphosate-tolerant maize provides an additional tool that allows integrated weed control of the weed populations without reducing yields. OI Garcia-Ruiz, Esteban/0000-0001-9566-2725 EI 2073-4395 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 876 DI 10.3390/agronomy9120876 UT WOS:000507280400076 ER PT J AU Mayer, Z Sasvari, Z Szentpeteri, V Rethati, BP Vajna, B Posta, K AF Mayer, Zoltan Sasvari, Zita Szentpeteri, Viktor Pethone Rethati, Beatrix Vajna, Balazs Posta, Katalin TI Effect of Long-Term Cropping Systems on the Diversity of the Soil Bacterial Communities SO AGRONOMY-BASEL AB Soil microbial communities are involved in the maintenance of productivity and health of agricultural systems; therefore an adequate understanding of soil biodiversity plays a key role in ensuring sustainable use of soil. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of different cropping systems on the biodiversity of the soil bacterial communities, based on a 54-year field experiment established in Martonvasar, Hungary. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting technique was used to assess soil bacterial diversity and community structure in maize monoculture and three different crop rotations (maize-alfalfa, maize-wheat and the maize-barley-peas-wheat Norfolk type). No differences in richness and diversity were detected between maize monoculture and crop rotations except for the most intense rotation system (Norfolk-type). Although the principal component analysis did not reveal a clear separation between maize monoculture and the other rotation systems, the pairwise tests of analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed that there are significant differences in the composition of bacterial communities between the maize monoculture and maize-alfalfa rotation as well as between wheat-maize and Norfolk-type rotation. EI 2073-4395 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 878 DI 10.3390/agronomy9120878 UT WOS:000507280400078 ER PT J AU Domagala, PJ Dobosz, R AF Domagala, Pawel J. Dobosz, Roland TI URANIA SLOANUS (CRAMER, 1779) (LEPIDOPTERA: URANTIDAE), AN ENIGMATIC EXTINCT SPECIES IN POLISH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI AB Urania sloanus is an endemic species in Jamaica. The species probably became extinct at the end of the 19th century or the beginning of the 20th century. During the work on combining the collections of exotic butterflies in the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, one specimen of this taxon was found. The discovery of this species in the Museum of Upper Silesia in Bytom led us to search for entomological collections in other Polish museums. As a result of our search, we found three additional specimens: two specimens in the collection of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Wroclaw and one at the Zoological Museum of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. In total, in the Polish museum collections, the species was represented by four specimens. In our publication, we also paid attention to the role of museum collections as important repositories of biodiversity in the context of the development of modern methods in the field of molecular genetics, as an important source of genetic information. RI Domagala, Pawel/R-1151-2018 OI Domagala, Pawel/0000-0003-1005-7193 SN 0003-4541 EI 1734-1833 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 69 IS 4 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.3161/00034541ANZ2019.69.4.005 UT WOS:000507312300005 ER PT J AU Roza, AS Mermudes, JRM AF Roza, Andre Silva Miras Mermudes, Jose Ricardo TI NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF RAILROAD-WORM BEETLES FROM BRAZIL, WITH A DISCUSSION ON ASYMMETRY OF AEDEAGUS IN THE FAMILY (COLEOPTERA: PHENGODIDAE) SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI AB Here we describe a new genus, Microphrixothrix gen. nov., and two new species, Michrophrixothrix gandarela sp. nov. and Michrophrixothrix kumagaiae sp. nov., both from Minas Gerais. Brazil. This new genus is distinguished by the following character combination: interantennal distance larger than scape length, antenna with eleven antennomeres, IV to X with two long symmetrical branches; mandible long, pointed forward; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, last segment digitiform; labial palpi 3-segmented: posterior tentorial pit consisting of a single small fossa; elytron medium, surpassing the fourth abdominal segment, 4x longer than wide; first and second tarsomere of protarsus, and first tarsomere of mesotarsus with a ventral comb as long as the tarsomere length; wing with radial cell closed and transverse, vein r4 interrupted; aedeagus with paramere asymmetrical, apex toothed, with a patch of bristles. We provide a key to Mastinocerinae genera with 11-segmented antennae as well as illustrations for the diagnostic features for this new genus and a key to its species. We discuss the asymmetry in the aedeagus of Phengodidae, recorded for three previously described genera (Brasilocerus Wittmer, 1963, Mastinocerus Solier, 1849 and Taximastinocerus Wittmer, 1963) and Mierophrixothrix gen. nov. We advocate that this feature is caused either by a change in mating position or by a one-sided reduction to save space and resources. SN 0003-4541 EI 1734-1833 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 69 IS 4 BP 805 EP 816 DI 10.3161/00034541ANZ2019.69.4.012 UT WOS:000507312300012 ER PT J AU Saldanha, DS Costa, DFD AF Saldanha, Denise Santos da Silva Costa, Diogenes Felix TI Classification of ecosystems services provided by wetlands in the estuarine zone of the Pianco-Piranhas-Acu river (Northeast, Brazil) SO ATELIE GEOGRAFICO AB Wetlands are important ecosystems for both society and biodiversity, occur in terrestrial and/or aquatic areas and are responsible for providing services for human and biological well-being resulting from their natural capital. This study aimed to evaluate the ecosystem services provided by wetlands in the estuarine complex of the Pianco-Piranhas-Acu River (State of Rio Grande do Norte). To this end, we performed the mapping and classification of wetlands, and identification of the ecosystem services provided in the study area. This integrated perspective of the dynamics between the human use and its reflexes in the ecological processes of the ecosystems analyzed (e.g. mangroves, lagoons, ponds, solar saltworks, etc.) enabled a better understanding of the performance of these processes, which promote the maintenance or greater availability of ecosystem services considered key to coastal management. OI Costa, Diogenes/0000-0002-4210-7805 SN 1982-1956 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 13 IS 3 BP 263 EP 282 UT WOS:000506657100015 ER PT J AU Cheok, J Weeks, R Pressey, RL AF Cheok, Jessica Weeks, Rebecca Pressey, Robert L. TI Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of conservation planning at different scales: the Coral Triangle as a case study SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Each year, hundreds of conservation plans are developed to direct limited resources toward conservation in priority areas. Conservation plans are developed at different levels, defined here as points on a range of spatial extent varying from global to local. However, approaches to integrate plans effectively across levels remain elusive. To plan across multiple levels most effectively, the relative strengths and weaknesses of planning at different levels must be understood. Taking the Coral Triangle region of the western Pacific Ocean as a case study, we apply an adapted social-ecological system (SES) framework to assess the scalar coverage of conservation plans, i.e., the extent to which plans developed at one level adequately consider the social and ecological levels and components (i.e., resource units, resource systems, governance systems, actors) of an SES. No conservation plans we assessed had complete cross-level coverage. Plans most adequately addressed social and ecological components at the same level of planning and, to a lesser extent, lower levels. In line with previous literature suggesting that social factors are most relevant at local levels, we found that local-level plans engaged with the greatest number of stakeholder groups, whereas higher level plans more adequately addressed ecological components. Given that it appears more practicable for higher level plans to consider components at lower levels, the onus should fall on higher level planning to link to lower levels. Achieving complete cross-level coverage will require vertical interactions between planning processes at different levels, and conceiving of planning processes across all levels as connected planning systems. We demonstrate how an adapted SES framework can be used by conservation planners to assess the cross-level coverage of their own plans and to formulate appropriate conservation objectives to address social and ecological components at different levels. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 24 DI 10.5751/ES-10919-240424 UT WOS:000506574000002 ER PT J AU Cockburn, J Cundill, G Shackleton, S Rouget, M Zwinkels, M Cornelius, S Metcalfe, L van den Broeck, D AF Cockburn, Jessica Cundill, Georgina Shackleton, Sheona Rouget, Mathieu Zwinkels, Marijn Cornelius, Susanna (Ancia) Metcalfe, Liz van den Broeck, Dieter TI Collaborative stewardship in multifunctional landscapes: toward relational, pluralistic approaches SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Landscape stewardship offers a means to put social-ecological approaches to stewardship into practice. The growing interest in landscape stewardship has led to a focus on multistakeholder collaboration. Although there is a significant body of literature on collaborative management and governance of natural resources, the particular challenges posed by multifunctional landscapes, in which there are often contested interests, require closer attention. We present a case study from South Africa to investigate how collaborative stewardship can be fostered in contested multifunctional landscapes. We conducted this research through an engaged transdisciplinary research partnership in which we integrated social-ecological practitioner and academic knowledge to gain an in-depth understanding of the challenges of fostering collaboration. We identified five overarching factors that influence collaboration: contextual, institutional, social-relational, individual, and political-historical. Collaborative stewardship approaches focused on the development of formal governance institutions appear to be most successful if enabling individual and social-relational conditions are in place. Our case study, characterized by high social diversity, inequity, and contestation, suggests that consensus-driven approaches to collaboration are unlikely to result in equitable and sustainable landscape stewardship in such contexts. We therefore suggest an approach that focuses on enhancing individual and social-relational enablers. Moreover, we propose a bottom-up patchwork approach to collaborative stewardship premised on the notion of pluralism. This would focus on building new interpersonal relationships and collaborative capacity through small collective actions. Taking a relational, pluralistic approach to fostering collaborative stewardship is particularly important in contested, socially heterogeneous landscapes. Drawing on our study and the literature, we propose guiding principles for implementing relational, pluralistic approaches to collaborative stewardship and suggest future research directions for supporting such approaches. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 32 DI 10.5751/ES-11085-240432 UT WOS:000506574000007 ER PT J AU DeRoy, BC Darimont, CT Service, CN AF DeRoy, Bryant C. Darimont, Chris T. Service, Christina N. TI Biocultural indicators to support locally led environmental management and monitoring SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Environmental management (EM) requires indicators to inform objectives and monitor the impacts or efficacy of management practices. One common approach uses "functional ecological" indicators, which are typically species whose presence or abundance are tied to functional ecological processes, such as nutrient productivity and availability, trophic interactions, and habitat connectivity. In contrast, and used for millennia by Indigenous peoples, biocultural indicators are rooted in local values and place-based relationships between nature and people. In many landscapes today where Indigenous peoples are reasserting sovereignty and governance authority over natural resources, the functional ecological approach to indicator development does not capture fundamental values and ties to the natural world that have supported social-ecological systems over the long term. Accordingly, we argue that the development and use of biocultural indicators to shape, monitor, and evaluate the success of EM projects will be critical to achieving ecological and social sustainability today. We have provided a framework composed of criteria to be considered when selecting and applying meaningful and efficacious biocultural indicators among the diverse array of potential species and values. We used a case study from a region now referred to as coastal British Columbia, Canada, to show how the suggested application of functional ecological indicators by the provincial government created barriers to the development of meaningful cogovernance. We then explained how the Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation designed and implemented a bioculturally relevant suite of indicators in their own EM and monitoring processes. Drawing on our experiences there and both the biocultural and functional ecological literature, we proposed six generalizable criteria (culturally salient, inclusive, sensitive to impacts, supportive of place-based relationships, perceptible, and linked to human well-being) that can guide resource stewards and agencies in selecting locally relevant indicators to implement biocultural EM and monitor the performance of outcomes. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 21 DI 10.5751/ES-11120-240421 UT WOS:000506574000012 ER PT J AU Geobey, S McGowan, KA AF Geobey, Sean McGowan, Katharine A. TI Panarchy, ontological and epistemological phenomena, and the Plague SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Building resilience to major economic, social, and ecological crises such as armed conflict and natural disasters is seen as critical to maintaining system integrity. Although studies of system survival can be used to gauge whether or not social systems are resilient, this can only be conducted in retrospect. Contemporary measures of resilience rely on proxy measures that one can argue build capacity for resilience, but are not direct proxies for resilience itself, except in highly subscribed conditions. This leads us to our key research questions: Can the resilience of a system be measured contemporaneously by those within a social system? What can we learn from past efforts to understand the resilience of social systems by those living through their transformations? To answer these we examine Europe in the second half of the 14th century, during the outbreak and spread of the Plague through the continent. Through an examination of academic research relying on contemporary accounts during this period, we examine the indicators Europeans used at the time to understand changes in their social-ecological systems. We find a time lag between quantitative indicators of system resilience and the systemic shocks introduced by the Plague. However, narratives from the time suggest that those who experienced the epidemic were trying to develop personal understandings of the social changes around them and collective understandings of how to respond to these crises, both in advance of collecting easily comparable data that could be used for broader administrative purposes. The progression from individual narratives, to common understandings, and finally to comparable data is likely a common process that occurs as those within a social-ecological system make sense of a shift of the system from one arrangement to another. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 23 DI 10.5751/ES-11089-240423 UT WOS:000506574000008 ER PT J AU Graziano, M de Groot, GS Pilato, LD Sanchez, ML Izaguirre, I Pizarro, HN AF Graziano, Martin de Groot, Grecia Stefania Pilato, Laura Daniela Sanchez, Maria Laura Izaguirre, Irina Pizarro, Haydee N. TI Fostering urban transformations in Latin America: lessons around the ecological management of an urban stream in coproduction with a social movement (Buenos Aires, Argentina) SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Collaborative community-based approaches are proposed as a way to overcome the difficulties exerted by a broad range of social-ecological traps that emerge at the reconfiguration of social-ecological systems onto sustainable paths. Despite this, a deep examination of the social-ecological processes and interactions that constrain these approaches in different urban contexts is still necessary to improve their success. Latin American countries have institutional, political, and social characteristics that could constrain the pathways to sustainability in different ways from countries of the Global North, particularly in their metropolitan areas. Here, we present an experience (2015-2018) held in cooperation with workers of a social cooperative framed in an urban social movement from Argentina, related to the ecological rehabilitation of a highly degraded urban stream through the management of the riparian vegetation and the reintroduction of native macrophytes. The methodology involved a co-design approach based on a set of participatory action-research tools, together with resilience system analysis through causal loop diagrams, and three different interventions of a 200-m reach at the upstream area of the San Francisco stream (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The participatory diagnostic showed a strong negative effect of the current management guidelines on the riparian and aquatic vegetation, reflecting a positive feedback loop that reinforces this negative state, and revealed a hierarchical governance regime associated with the management of the watershed. Furthermore, it detected a strong motivation of local workers to generate transformative actions in terms of the sanitary and social-ecological improvements of the local habitat. The management actions showed a relatively high short-term survival of the macrophyte transplants (30-60% in a period of 2-4 months), displaying a strong spatial structure of the survival units, and downscaling to about 10% in the long term (6-12 months after interventions). A combination of biophysical and social processes related both to institutional and rigidity traps affected the survival of the transplants, reflecting the inertia of the current management programs to ecological improvements of the stream. In summary, the present work highlights the social-ecological constraints arising from transformative collective actions toward the ecological management of a stream at a highly vulnerable and bureaucratic urban context, with implications for social-ecological urban transformations in Latin America and the design of effective participatory governance actions in alliance with local social movements. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 13 DI 10.5751/ES-11226-240413 UT WOS:000506574000027 ER PT J AU Hentati-Sundberg, J Hellquist, KF Duit, A AF Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas Hellquist, Katharina Fryers Duit, Andreas TI Iron triangles and subsidies: understanding the long-term role of the government on Swedish commercial fisheries SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Many natural resources have degraded and collapsed despite being managed under rigorous institutional frameworks set up to ensure rational exploitation. Path dependency of dysfunction institutions has been suggested as an explanation for such undesired outcomes. We explore the role of path dependency in natural resource management by studying a 100-year evolution of Swedish fisheries. We rely on three main types of original longitudinal data collected for the period 1914-2016: (A) policy documents, (B) government spending on management and subsidies, and (C) catch and fleet data. Our analysis contrasts the periods before and after the Swedish entrance into the European Union (1995) because this marks the year when fisheries policy became beyond the direct influence of the Swedish government. We uncover four pieces of evidence suggesting the existence of a path dependent dynamic in the pre-EU period: (1) despite increasing insights on the vulnerability of fish stocks to overexploitation, national policy goals in relation to fisheries continuously promoted incompatible goals of social and economic growth but without any reference to the sustainability of the biological resources; (2) the same policy instruments were used over long periods; (3) actor constellations within the fisheries policy subsystem were stable over time; (4) neither political regime nor macroeconomic variables and fisheries performance (industry production, oil price, landing values) could explain observed temporal variation in subsidies. We conclude that key policy actors in the pre-EU period formed an "iron triangle" and thereby prevented necessary policy changes. These national reinforcing feedbacks have been weakened since EU entrance, and the indicators for path dependency show broader involvement of stakeholders, a shift in spending, and policy goals that now explicitly address ecological sustainability. RI Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas/N-6535-2017 OI Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas/0000-0002-3201-9262 SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 18 DI 10.5751/ES-11259-240418 UT WOS:000506574000031 ER PT J AU Jara-Guerrero, AK Maldonado-Riofrio, D Espinosa, CI Duncan, DH AF Jara-Guerrero, Andrea K. Maldonado-Riofrio, Diana Espinosa, Carlos I. Duncan, David H. TI Beyond the blame game: a restoration pathway reconciles ecologists' and local leaders' divergent models of seasonally dry tropical forest degradation SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB An understanding of ecosystem dynamics under different scenarios of degradation is required to reverse ecological degradation and identify restoration priorities. Such knowledge can be the result of scientific investigation, but important insight can also reside in observant local land managers. In seasonally dry tropical forests in southern Ecuador, recent decades have seen important advances in the knowledge of the biodiversity values of these forests, but the available data have not yet been integrated and translated into tools that support managers in deciding restoration measures. One powerful framework to organize and communicate information about ecosystem degradation and recovery dynamics is the state-transition model. We generated such a model by combining ecologist and local knowledge obtained through an adaptation of the Stanford/SRI expert elicitation protocol. Through this information, we identified five forest states with specific attributes of vegetation, human pressures, and restoration needs. Ecologists and locals agreed on the restoration actions but partially disagreed on the causes of degradation. Whereas ecologists considered that grazing management, often introduced with or after logging, was the catalyst for a transition to degraded states, locals attributed those transitions to the effects of logging alone. Importantly, however, both ecologists and locals considered that exclusion of livestock grazing was a necessary action to promote ecological recovery. A forward-looking strategy focusing on objectives for ecosystem recovery and ecosystem management for biodiversity and human well-being might be more successful than strategies that emphasize or seek to attribute responsibility for degradation. RI Duncan, David/H-2000-2013 OI Duncan, David/0000-0003-4411-8214; Espinosa, Carlos Ivan/0000-0002-5330-4505 SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 22 DI 10.5751/ES-11142-240422 UT WOS:000506574000015 ER PT J AU Johansson, MU Senay, SD Creathorn, E Kassa, H Hylander, K AF Johansson, Maria U. Senay, Senait D. Creathorn, Emma Kassa, Habtemariam Hylander, Kristoffer TI Change in heathland fire sizes inside vs. outside the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, over 50 years of fire-exclusion policy: lessons for REDD SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB In flammable shrublands fire size often depends on local management. Policy and land use change can drastically alter fire regimes, affecting livelihoods, biodiversity, and carbon storage. In Ethiopia, burning of vegetation is banned, but the burn ban is more strongly enforced inside the Bale Mountains National Park. We investigated if and how policy and land use change have affected fire regimes inside/outside the park. The park was established in 1969, and both studied areas have been part of a new REDD+ project since 2013. Our hypothesis is that burnt heath-land stands are nonflammable and act as fuel breaks, and hence that reduced ignition rates leads to larger fires. To quantify change we analyzed remote-sensed imagery from 10 fire-seasons between 1968 and 2017, quantifying sizes of resprouting Erica stands and recording their postfire age. To elucidate underlying mechanisms of change we interviewed 41 local smallholders. There was a five order of magnitude variation in patch size (< 0.01- > 1000 ha). A significant interaction was found between year and site (inside/outside park) in explaining patch size, indicating that the park establishment has affected fire size. Inside the park there was a tendency of patch size increase and outside a clear decrease. Especially the largest fires (> 100 ha) increased in numbers inside the park but not outside. Respondents confirmed that large fires have increased in frequency and attributed this mainly to lack of fuel breaks and the fact that fires today are ignited in a more uncontrolled manner later in the dry season. Outside the park respondents explained that fires have become smaller because of increased ignition and intensified grazing. Both situations degrade pasture and threaten Erica shrub survival. For flammable ecosystems, REDD+ fire-exclusion policies need updating, and in this case complemented with a community-based fire management program making use of the vivid local traditional fire knowledge. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 26 DI 10.5751/ES-11260-240426 UT WOS:000506574000032 ER PT J AU Krueck, NC Abdurrahim, AY Adhuri, DS Mumby, PJ Ross, H AF Krueck, Nils C. Abdurrahim, Ali Yansyah Adhuri, Dedi S. Mumby, Peter J. Ross, Helen TI Quantitative decision support tools facilitate social-ecological alignment in community-based marine protected area design SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used to support both biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. However, MPA performance is likely to be compromised if people who depend on fishing are excluded from MPA design decision making. Participatory MPA design helps to address this problem by engaging local stakeholders in all critical decisions, including the total coverage, placement, and local size of no-take marine reserves. Here, we report the findings from a participatory MPA design project on Selayar Island, Indonesia, in which a community initiated collaborations with scientists to access modern quantitative tools for community-led MPA scenario testing. The outcomes highlight a local disagreement between ecologically and socially desirable MPA designs. Focused on social considerations, the initial community-supported MPA design consisted of four small reserves (0.5-1 km wide) in predominately southern community waters, where they were intended to restrict external fishers. Ecologically optimal MPA designs, in contrast, consisted of one or two large reserves (4-6 km wide) in northern community waters, where they were expected to restrict primarily local fishers but better support the rebuilding of fish populations and fisheries. However, ecologically optimal MPA designs were socially infeasible. Using quantitative MPA performance assessments, the community negotiated an alternative MPA design consisting of two 1.5-2 km wide reserves at socially and ecologically favorable locations. Compared to the initial proposal, this revised MPA design was estimated (1) to protect three to four times more individuals of key fishery species within reserve boundaries and (2) to double local fishery catches. We conclude that even simple MPA design tools, which quantify and visualize local conservation and fishery outcomes under alternative MPA scenarios, add value to participatory decision making and likely MPA performance. RI Abdurrahim, Ali Yansyah/AAC-4188-2019 OI Abdurrahim, Ali Yansyah/0000-0003-0213-0135 SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 6 DI 10.5751/ES-11209-240406 UT WOS:000506574000024 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Vira, B AF Pan, Yuan Vira, Bhaskar TI Exploring natural capital using bibliometrics and social media data SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Research and interest into natural capital, i.e., the stock of the world's natural resources, is increasing as it links humans with nature within a social-ecological system, contributing to ecosystem sustainability. We collected publication data for 300 natural capital papers to explore academic networks and research trends. We used Twitter to collect 14,193 tweets about natural capital over nine months. Analyzing publication data shows three main research clusters, but few coauthorships between the clusters. The results show substantial international coauthorships, and the dominance of American and British academics as coauthors. Analyzing Twitter data, we identified a small community of key users that tweet about natural capital frequently. We found that a range of words is used in tweets about natural capital and the overall sentiment of tweets is positive. For both types of data, "ecosystem services" and "biodiversity" are keywords associated with natural capital. Our results have identified key communities of natural capital researchers, but highlight a potential disconnect between research clusters that needs to be addressed. Current communities surrounding natural capital in academia and on Twitter are relatively exclusive and small. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 5 DI 10.5751/ES-11118-240405 UT WOS:000506574000011 ER PT J AU Seele, BC Esler, KJ Cunningham, AB AF Seele, Barbara C. Esler, Karen J. Cunningham, Anthony B. TI Biocultural diversity: a Mongolian case study SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Although conceptual frameworks describing biodiversity and cultural keystone species have been widely accepted over the past 15 years, there remains a need for an overarching framework that covers the various components of biocultural diversity. We present a conceptual framework to enable the better understanding, monitoring, and maintenance of biocultural diversity across a range of spatial scales, from the landscape and ecosystem level to the species and gene/meme level. This is done by combining the concepts of biological diversity and cultural diversity, including cultural values and symbols, ethnoscientific approaches, as well as power relations and institutions, to form a biocultural diversity framework. To illustrate the framework, we use a systems diagram and practical examples from a case study on the ethnoveterinary knowledge and practices of Mongolian pastoralists. Ethnoveterinary knowledge is an example of traditional ecological knowledge and therefore offers valuable insight into biocultural diversity. Using the conceptual framework as a tool, our investigation of biocultural diversity in the Mongolian pastoralist context strongly suggests that an understanding of the historical, political, and cultural contexts, as well as the interrelatedness of cultural processes and ecological systems, is essential for maintaining biocultural diversity. More specifically, our results indicate that retaining a mobile herding way of life as well as the associated balance and communication with nature, is vital for both the continued transmission of ethnoveterinary knowledge and the sustainable use of ecological resources that Mongolian pastoralists rely on. There is a need for national policies that acknowledge, support, and maintain the important and complex processes underlying the Mongolian landscape and the associated worldviews, knowledge, and practices. The development of a coherent framework for biocultural diversity therefore allows for a clearer understanding of the various components and the selection of appropriate indicators for monitoring biocultural diversity. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 27 DI 10.5751/ES-11207-240427 UT WOS:000506574000023 ER PT J AU Silva, MRO Pennino, MG Lopes, PFM AF Silva, Monalisa R. O. Pennino, Maria G. Lopes, Priscila F. M. TI Social-ecological trends: managing the vulnerability of coastal fishing communities SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB The loss of biodiversity, including the collapse of fish stocks, affects the vulnerability of social-ecological systems (SESs) and threatens local livelihoods. Incorporating community-centered indicators and SES drivers and exposures of change into coastal management can help anticipate and mitigate human and/or coastal vulnerability. We have proposed a new index to measure the social-ecological vulnerability of coastal fishing communities (Index of Coastal Vulnerability [ICY]) based on species, ecosystem, and social indicators. The ICV varies from 0 (no vulnerability) to 1 (very high vulnerability) and is composed of 3 components: species vulnerability, i.e., fish biological traits; ecosystem vulnerability, i.e., environmental indicators of ecosystem health; and adaptive capacity, i.e., human ability to cope with changes. We tested the ICV of Brazil's 17 coastal states. The average ICV for the Brazilian coast was 0.77, and variation was low among states. More than half of the coastal states revealed very high vulnerability (> 0.8). The ecosystem vulnerability values were worse than the adaptive capacity and species vulnerability values, and the North and Northeast regions were revealed to be vulnerable hot spots. Additionally, we investigated how the ICV related to specific anthropogenic risks, i.e., fish landing richness, fishery instability, market, coastal extension, and coastal population, and found that states with fewer species landings and higher coastal populations presented higher ICVs. At a time when human impacts are overtaking natural processes, understanding how these impacts lead to coastal vulnerability can help improve conservation policies. For this case study, we suggest both fisheries management measures and restoration of sensitive habitats to protect species and decrease vulnerability. The integrated evaluation developed here could be used as a baseline for coastal monitoring and conservation planning and be applied to coastal regions in which governments evaluate both social and biological aspects. RI Lopes, Priscila/H-2028-2012 OI Lopes, Priscila/0000-0002-6774-5117 SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 4 DI 10.5751/ES-11185-240404 UT WOS:000506574000019 ER PT J AU Wolff, MG Cockburn, JJ De Wet, C Bezerra, JC Weaver, MJT Finca, A De Vos, A Ralekhetla, MM Libala, N Mkabile, QB Odume, ON Palmer, CG AF Wolff, Margaret G. Cockburn, Jessica J. De Wet, Chris Bezerra, Joana Carlos Weaver, Matthew J. T. Finca, Andiswa De Vos, Alta Ralekhetla, Mateboho M. Libala, Notiswa Mkabile, Qawekazi B. Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson Palmer, Carolyn G. TI Exploring and expanding transdisciplinary research for sustainable and just natural resource management SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB Transdisciplinarity is gaining acceptance in sustainability science research as an approach to work across disparate types of knowledge and practices in order to tackle complex social-ecological problems. On paper, transdisciplinarity appears to be substantially helpful, but in practice, participants may remain voiceless and disadvantaged. In this paper, we retrospectively investigate four case studies using recent design principles for transdisciplinary research, to explore a deeper understanding of the practical successes and failures of transdisciplinary research engagement. We show that the transdisciplinary way of working is time consuming, challenging, and insists that researchers and participants contribute reflexively. Careful attention to research design and methodology is central. The acceptance that complexity renders knowledge provisional, and complete honesty about the purpose of the research are critical to building relationships between researchers and participants. Gaining an understanding of the values people hold influences the research process and the possible outcomes toward sustainable and just natural resource management. We suggest that in order to enable sustainable and just natural resource management, transdisciplinary research should include values and ethics in the design, implementation, and reporting of projects. SN 1708-3087 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 AR 14 DI 10.5751/ES-11077-240414 UT WOS:000506574000006 ER PT J AU Chen, A Wu, M Wu, SN Sui, X Wen, JY Wang, PY Cheng, L Lanza, GR Liu, CN Jia, WL AF Chen, Ang Wu, Miao Wu, Sai-nan Sui, Xin Wen, Jing-ya Wang, Peng-yuan Cheng, Lin Lanza, Guy R. Liu, Chun-na Jia, Wan-lin TI Bridging gaps between environmental flows theory and practices in China SO WATER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AB In recent decades, a series of policies and practices for environmental flows (e-flows) have been implemented in China, with the sustainable development goal of balancing the utilization and protection of water resources among social, economic, and ecological needs. The aims of this study were to determine the main challenges and issues in e-flows implementation at different scales by analyzing policies and practices for e-flows in China, and to propose some recommendations for bridging the gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows. The gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows were found after review of literature, policies, and practices, and it was found that ecological flow was a more widely used term by the government, rather than e-flows, in implementation. The plans and effects of e-flows implementation are discussed in this paper and challenges of e-flows implementation are recognized: (1) limited water resources and uneven spatial and temporal distribution, (2) a weak scientific basis for e-flows implementation, (3) poor operability of e-flows science, and (4) ineffective supervision and guarantee measures. The recommendations are (1) to strengthen the scientific foundation of e-flows, (2) to improve effectiveness in application of e-flows science, and (3) to propose operable and effective supervision and guarantee measures. This paper elaborates the current understanding of e-flows science and provides practical recommendations for implementing e-flows and for improving the effectiveness in e-flows implementation. To bridge the gaps between science and implementation of e-flows and improve the operability of policies in future practices, more scientific research on practices is recommended through adaptive management. (C) 2019 Hohai University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. SN 1674-2370 EI 2405-8106 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 12 IS 4 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.wse.2019.12.002 UT WOS:000506915400004 ER PT J AU Almalki, AM Ajarem, J Allam, AA El-Serehy, HA Maodaa, SN Mahmoud, AM AF Almalki, Ahmed M. Ajarem, Jamaan Allam, Ahmed A. El-Serehy, Hamed A. Maodaa, Saleh N. Mahmoud, Ayman M. TI Use of Spilopelia senegalensis as a Biomonitor of Heavy Metal Contamination from Mining Activities in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) SO ANIMALS AB Simple Summary Bioindicators and biomonitors are living organisms utilized to appraise the health of the environment or natural ecosystem. Mining, which refers to extraction of valuable materials from the earth, represents a source of heavy metals that can impact the environment, biodiversity, and human health. We investigated the value of the laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) as a biomonitor of environmental contamination with heavy metals from mining practices. Our results revealed the accumulation of heavy metals in the liver, kidneys, and lungs of the laughing dove collected from the mining site. The doves exhibited tissue dysfunction and injury, and decreased antioxidants. These results show the value of the laughing dove as a biomonitor of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Abstract Environmental pollution with heavy metals (HMs) is of serious ecological and public health concern worldwide. Mining is one of the main sources of HMs and can impact the environment, species diversity, and human health. This study assessed the value of Spilopelia senegalensis as a biomonitor of environmental contamination with metal(loid)s caused by mining activities. S. senegalensis was collected from a gold mining site and a reference site, and metal(loid)s and biochemical parameters were determined. Lead, cadmium, mercury, vanadium, arsenic, copper, zinc, and iron were significantly increased in the liver, kidney, and lung of S. senegalensis from the mining site. Serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea were significantly elevated in S. senegalensis from the mining site. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were increased, whereas glutathione and antioxidant enzymes were diminished in the liver and kidney of S. senegalensis from the mining site. In addition, multiple histological alterations were observed in the liver, kidney, and lung of S. senegalensis. In conclusion, mining activities provoke the accumulation of metal(loid)s, oxidative stress, and tissue injury in S. senegalensis. Therefore, S. senegalensis is a valuable biomonitor of environmental pollution caused by mining activities and could be utilized in epidemiological avian studies of human health. SN 2076-2615 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 1046 DI 10.3390/ani9121046 UT WOS:000506636400045 PM 31795364 ER PT J AU Chen, YX Xiao, ZS Zhang, L Wang, XW Li, M Xiang, ZF AF Chen, Yixin Xiao, Zhishu Zhang, Long Wang, Xinwen Li, Ming Xiang, Zuofu TI Activity Rhythms of Coexisting Red Serow and Chinese Serow at Mt. Gaoligong as Identified by Camera Traps SO ANIMALS AB Simple Summary How congeneric species with similar realized niches manage to coexist is a central question in the study of biodiversity. Here, we examined the daily activity rhythm of two coexisting serow species in a mid-mountain humid evergreen broadleaf forest. We used camera traps in a five-year survey at Mt. Gaoligong, western Yunnan, China. We compared the daily activity rhythm of the rare red serow (Capricornis rubidus), a medium-sized solitary ungulate, with the coexisting Chinese serow (C. milneedwardsii milneedwardsii). Although their overall daily activity rhythms were similar, the rare red serow tended to range, feed, and stay vigilant from afternoon through midnight throughout the year. By contrast, Chinese serows preferred to be active from sunrise to noon in the wet season, but shifted their activities and behaviors to afternoon and midnight in the dry season. Interestingly, we found red serows sometimes ranging together with Chinese serows. When they encountered each other, red serows altered their activity patterns more notably, while Chinese serows significantly increased their activity level. These findings are understandable given their similar resource requirements. Although exploitative competitors, red and Chinese serow coexist by avoiding interference competition by altering their respective activity patterns in time. Abstract Surveying the activity rhythms of sympatric herbivorous mammals is essential for understanding their niche ecology, especially for how they partition resources and their mechanisms of coexistence. Over a five-year period, we conducted infrared camera-trapping to monitor the activity rhythms of coexisting red serow (Capricornis rubidus) and Chinese serow (C. milneedwardsii milneedwardsii) in the remote mountainous region of Pianma, Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China. Cameras captured images of red serow and Chinese serow on 157 and 179 occasions, respectively. We used circular kernel density models to analyze daily activity rhythms and how temporal variations in activity ensure their co-existence. Although their overall activity levels and patterns were similar, temporal activity and behavior partitioning among the two species occurred during the wet season. Compared with Chinese serows, red serows exhibited less variable daily activity levels, patterns, as well as feeding and vigilance behaviors between seasons. When the two species occasionally ranged together, red serows tended to alter their activity pattern while Chinese serows significantly increased their activity level. Red serow and Chinese serow are exploitative competitors but coexist by altering their daily activity rhythms when in contact and changing activity patterns during the wet season, enabling their coexistence. SN 2076-2615 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 1071 DI 10.3390/ani9121071 UT WOS:000506636400070 PM 31810349 ER PT J AU Cowen, S Clausen, L Algar, D Comer, S AF Cowen, Saul Clausen, Lucy Algar, Dave Comer, Sarah TI Using Genetics to Evaluate the Success of a Feral Cat (Felis catus) Control Program in North-Western Australia SO ANIMALS AB Simple Summary The management of invasive species is a major challenge for the conservation of biodiversity globally. One technique that has been widely used to control feral cats (Felis catus) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Western Australia is the aerial broadcast of toxic baits, but assessing its efficacy can be difficult. Here, we report on a method of evaluating the effectiveness of this method for the abatement of feral cats using genetic analysis techniques. However, our results were unable to provide robust evidence that, over a five-year program, baiting had a detrimental impact on both genetics and demography in this population, and the results were not significant. Monitoring the impact of control programs in this way may provide valuable information to managers on the effectiveness of their management strategy, but further refinement of the methodology is recommended. Abstract The feral cat has been implicated in the decline and extinction of many species worldwide and a range of strategies have been devised for its control. A five-year control program using the aerial broadcast of toxic Eradicat((R)) baits was undertaken at Fortescue Marsh in the Pilbara region of north-western Australia, for the protection of biodiversity in this important wetland area. This program has been shown to have had a significant detrimental effect on cats in this landscape, but the long-term impact is difficult to ascertain. We assessed population genetics across three cohorts of feral cats sampled as part of the control program. We also compared cat populations in natural habitats and around human infrastructure. A key challenge in any study of wild animal populations is small sample sizes and feral cats are particularly difficult to capture and sample. The results of this study superficially appear to suggest promising trends but were limited by sample size and many were not statistically significant. We find that the use of genetic techniques to monitor the impact of invasive species control programs is potentially useful, but ensuring adequate sample sizes over a long enough time-frame will be critical to the success of such studies. SN 2076-2615 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 9 IS 12 AR 1050 DI 10.3390/ani9121050 UT WOS:000506636400049 PM 31805653 ER EF