FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science VR 1.0 PT J AU Homan, C AF Homan, Catherine TI The Play of Being and Nothing: World, Earth, and Cosmos in Eugen Fink SO PHILOSOPHY TODAY AB The question permeating much of Eugen Fink's work is whether a nonmeta-physical thinking of the world is possible. Fink views metaphysics as understanding the world merely from the side of beings and as a container of things. A nonmeta-physical thinking would be cosmological; it would think the world as a totality, as the origin of being, of beings, of time, and of space. This thinking requires a radical way of thinking that which cannot be thought: the nothing that allows being and beings to come to appearance at all. My analysis aims to articulate more clearly what Fink means by thinking cosmologically by tracing his understanding of world, earth, and cosmos and the interplay of being and nothing at stake in each. I clarify how Fink both inherits and goes beyond the philosophies of Kant, Husserl, and Heidegger to provide a way of thinking through that which resists articulation. SN 0031-8256 EI 2329-8596 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 63 IS 1 BP 35 EP 54 DI 10.5840/philtoday201967255 UT WOS:000478052800003 ER PT J AU Finkelde, D AF Finkelde, Dominik TI Lack and Excess / Zero and One: On Concrete Universality in Dialectical Materialism SO PHILOSOPHY TODAY AB How can a set throw itself into itself and remain a set and an element of itself at the same time? This is obviously impossible, as Bertrand Russell has prominently shown. One simply cannot pick a trash can up and throw it into itself. Now, Hegel and Badiou, but also the anti-Hegelian W. Benjamin, take different positions on the subject when they refer time and again to versions of "concrete universality" as an oxymoronic structure that touches ontologically upon their theoretical as well as their practical philosophies. The article tries to show how the philosophers affirm the mentioned paradox as central for the understanding of Dialectical Materialism in its classical (nineteenth-century) as well as in its modern (twentieth-century) and contemporary (twenty-first-century) understanding. SN 0031-8256 EI 2329-8596 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 63 IS 1 BP 55 EP 71 DI 10.5840/philtoday2019610257 UT WOS:000478052800004 ER PT J AU Eksen, K AF Eksen, Kerem TI Descartes and Spiritual Exercises: A Critique of Pierre Hadot's Historical Narrative SO PHILOSOPHY TODAY AB The present study is an attempt to contribute to the debates on the relationship between spiritual traditions and Descartes's Meditations. Taking its point of departure from Pierre Hadot's inspiring studies, the article aims to describe the nature of the philosophical practice that Meditations embodies and to discuss the ways in which the work can be located in the history of the relations between theory and practice. To this end, Hadot's suggestion that Meditations should be read as a set of spiritual exercises will be criticized through an analysis of the nature of the "nonargumentative" or "experiential" level that is at work in Descartes's text. By showing that the transformation intended by Descartes does not reach beyond the level of cognition, it will be argued that even though Descartes makes use of certain key elements of the spiritualist literature, he belongs to the modern age of "philosophy without spirituality." SN 0031-8256 EI 2329-8596 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 63 IS 1 BP 73 EP 92 DI 10.5840/philtoday2019611258 UT WOS:000478052800005 ER PT J AU Griffith, J AF Griffith, James TI A Cartesian Rereading of Badiou's Political Subjectivity SO PHILOSOPHY TODAY AB This article traces the consequences for Badiou's political subjectivity if his understanding of the Cartesian subject is incorrect. For Badiou, the faithful subject, political and otherwise, is formed through fidelity to the appearance of an event of truth, and the process of this fidelity creates a world. These truths are immanent to the worlds in which they appear. An obscure subject, however, is faithful to a negation, while a reactive subject denies the appearance of a truth's event. Badiou's subject radicalizes Lacan's radicalization of the Cartesian subject, but for him both Descartes and Lacan consider the subject stable since they are caused by truth rather than by the event of a truth. However, immanent to Descartes's philosophy is an unstable subject, thanks to the role of the imagination in the discovery of the cogito. Fidelity to this immanent Cartesian subject shows Lacan as an obscure subject and Badiou as reactive. SN 0031-8256 EI 2329-8596 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 63 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.5840/philtoday201925244 UT WOS:000478052800006 ER PT J AU Harmon, JL AF Harmon, Justin L. TI Excessive Materialism and the Metaphysical Basis for an Object-Oriented Ethics SO PHILOSOPHY TODAY AB The aims of this paper are twofold: (1) to critique Graham Harman's avowedly nonrelational object-oriented ontology from the shared relational vantage of ethics, social philosophy, and feminist new materialism; and (2) to articulate the metaphysical basis for a materialist ontology that serves at once as a posthumanist metaethic, or, as I call it, proto-ethic. The nascent movements of speculative realism and object-oriented ontology suggest some fruitful strategies for challenging the an-thropocentrism of the post-Kantian philosophical landscape. They do so, however, by simultaneously foreclosing the possibility of thinking with these strategies to address moral and political problems, insofar as they characterize the real as fundamentally nonrelational. I argue that Harman's adopted noumenalism is ultimately self-undermining, and offer as an alternative a materialist account of reality as intrinsically phenomenal, where phenomenality is unpacked as the excessive, ongoing source of proto-ethical norms to which every human ethical system implicitly appeals. SN 0031-8256 EI 2329-8596 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 63 IS 1 BP 101 EP 124 DI 10.5840/philtoday2019611259 UT WOS:000478052800007 ER PT J AU Osborn, J AF Osborn, James TI On the Difference Between Being and Object SO PHILOSOPHY TODAY AB If philosophy in the wake of Kant's transcendental revolution tends to orient itself around a subjective principle, namely the human subject, then recently various schools of thought have proposed a counterrevolution in which philosophy is given an objective, nonhuman starting point. In this historical context, "object-oriented ontology" has sought to gain the status of first philosophy by identifying being in general with the object as such-that is, by systematically converting beings to objects. By tracing the provenance of this system to a key moment of late eighteenth-century German philosophy, this paper develops the idea of the difference between being and object in order to demonstrate that object-oriented thinking, contrary to its anti-Kantian claims, adheres to the central axiom of transcendental idealism, that this axiom contains an unsolvable paradox, and that Kant and Novalis give us the resources for a transformative philosophical project that meets the challenge of the cultural and theoretical turn to objects. SN 0031-8256 EI 2329-8596 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 63 IS 1 BP 125 EP 153 DI 10.5840/philtoday201966253 UT WOS:000478052800008 ER PT J AU Danesh, J AF Danesh, Javad TI Free Will and Moral Responsibility in Islamic Philosophy SO RELIGIOUS INQUIRIES AB According to a common view among Muslim philosophers, a moral agent has free will if and only if she is able to do an action when she wants to and is able to avoid it when she wants otherwise. Implicit in this view is the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP). On the other hand, according to this view, free will is dependent on requirements such as conception, judgement, tendency, decision, and personal volition. In this paper, I discuss the bilateral defects of this view and present a reformed view on free will and moral responsibility in relation to causal predetermination in an Islamic context. SN 2322-4894 EI 2538-6271 PD WIN-SPR PY 2019 VL 8 IS 15 BP 37 EP 58 UT WOS:000476933300003 ER PT J AU Schoeller, D Thorgeirsdottir, S AF Schoeller, Donata Thorgeirsdottir, Sigridur TI Embodied Critical Thinking The Experiential Turn and Its Transformative Aspects SO PHILOSOPHIA-A JOURNAL OF CONTINENTAL FEMINISM AB While the emphasis on embodiment and situatedness is strong in contemporary philosophy and cognitive sciences, its implications for the practice of critical thinking are just beginning to be taken seriously. The challenge is to think with the richness and the intricacy that come along with embodiment of situated knowers and on the basis of the experiential turn (based on phenomenological and pragmatic approaches). Even though the embodied and experiential dimension is operative and continuously present all the time in thought and action, it is hardly acknowledged, cared for, or made transparent in academic philosophical training. In doing philosophy we are actually rather trained to detach ourselves from the experiential basis of our thinking. In this paper we claim that by doing so we cut ourselves off from important sources of what it means to think for oneself. We argue that the more embodied context one dares to include in critical thinking, the more critique becomes personally and politically transformative. This has major methodological implications: one needs to learn "reading" embodied, felt experience as carefully and closely as the texts. The methods of Embodied Critical Thinking (ECT) presented here are based on the micro-phenomenological approach of Claire Petitmengin and the Thinking at the Edge method developed by Eugene Gendlin and Mary Hendricks. SN 2155-0891 EI 2155-0905 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 9 IS 1 BP 92 EP 109 DI 10.1353/phi.2019.0015 UT WOS:000476638700006 ER PT J AU Hyman, WB AF Hyman, Wendy Beth TI Seeing the Invisible under the Microscope: Natural Philosophy and John Donne's Flea SO PHILOLOGICAL QUARTERLY SN 0031-7977 PD WIN-SPR PY 2019 VL 98 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 157 EP 180 UT WOS:000470808500008 ER PT J AU Wilcox, S AF Wilcox, Steve TI Praxis Games A Design Philosophy for Mobilizing Knowledge through Play SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PLAY AB Game design offers a unique but often misunderstood pedagogical opportunity. The author draws on learning theory, feminist epistemology, and game studies to analyze a novel genre of games capable of realizing this opportunity by mobilizing knowledge through play-praxis games-founded on the concept of situated praxis. Situated praxis encourages the design and development of games that guide players to discover knowledge inside a range of communities, domains, and experiences. To demonstrate the applicability of such design, the author discusses his experience with games related to healthcare. SN 1938-0399 EI 1938-0402 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 11 IS 2 BP 156 EP 182 UT WOS:000468155400002 ER PT J AU Greenhalgh, S AF Greenhalgh, Susan TI SCIENCE AND SERENDIPITY finding Coca-Cola in China SO PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE AB Four years of wide-ranging anthropological research yielded a surprising discovery: the Coca-Cola Company, working through an industry-funded scientific nonprofit, had quietly reshaped China's obesity science and policy to align with Coke's position that exercise, not food and drink, is what matters a view few experts accept. Hoping to get the results to the key audiences, the author submitted a capstone article to a series of high-impact medical journals that was repeatedly rejected. Eventually the article was published in a top journal, but not as "scientific research." This prompted reflection on the differences between the methods of anthropology and medical science. Anthropological research is distinguished by methodological openness, serendipity, narrative sense-making, and personalism. It is personalistic in that the body is a research tool, and a solo researcher at the center acts as data clearinghouse and marshals regional expertise to show how things make cultural sense. Using the Coke-in-China research, this article illustrates how this systematic yet self-consciously subjective approach was effective in breaching the walls of industry science and uncovering the social ties and institutional mechanisms that allowed corporate schemes to remain hidden while gaining such power. The author encourages readers in medicine and public health to think about the complex, human process by which they reach their own conclusions. A better understanding of how each science is human in its own way might open up space for greater dialogue and even more collaborative knowledge-making at the crossroads of anthropology and the health sciences. SN 0031-5982 EI 1529-8795 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 62 IS 1 BP 131 EP 152 UT WOS:000465184000008 PM 31031301 ER PT J AU Turk, MC Woody, KE AF Turk, Matthew C. Woody, Karen E. TI JUSTICE KAVANAUGH, LORENZO V. SEC, AND THE POST-KENNEDY SUPREME COURT SO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW AB This Article analyzes a recent Supreme Court case, Lorenzo v. Securities and Exchange Commission, and explains why it provides a valuable window into the Court's future now that Justice Kennedy has retired and his seat filled by Justice Brett Kavanaugh. Lorenzo is an important case that raises fundamental interpretative questions about the reach of federal securities statutes. But most significant is its unique procedural posture: when the Supreme Court issues its decision on Lorenzo in 2019, Justice Kavanaugh will be recused while the other eight Justices rule on a lower court opinion from the D. C. Circuit in which he wrote separately in an extensive dissent. That dissent is quite remarkable. It contains a scathing assessment of securities fraud enforcement and adjudication at the SEC, the majority opinion's interpretation of deceptive financial conduct under Rule 10b-5, and the SEC's overall role in the development of federal securities law doctrine. Judge Kavanaugh's dissent also goes on to identify how the legal deficiencies specific to Lorenzo motivate his broader skepticism towards the constitutional legitimacy of the administrative and regulatory state as a whole; a view that represents his signature contribution as a federal judge. Thus, in Lorenzo, the defining judicial philosophy of the newest Supreme Court Justice is on full display. More broadly, this Article demonstrates that the deeper import of Lorenzo is not what it reveals about the views of Justice Kavanaugh. Rather, it is in the reception those views will meet from the other eight Justices on the Court. In addressing the argument set forth in the Lorenzo dissent, the current members of the Court will be confronting the positions of their newest peer and colleague. By necessity, they will also signal their openness to being persuaded by justice Kavanaugh on the issues where he speaks with greatest authority and can be expected to act as forceful advocate for his vision of the law at the Court. Lorenzo can therefore be seen as a bellwether for Justice Kavanaugh's influence as judicial entrepreneur on behalf of his trademark theory of the Constitutional separation of powers in administrative law. Most importantly, the case bears directly on the area of administrative law where the stakes are highest of all-the role that Justice Kavanaugh may play in the demise of the Chevron doctrine and the collapse of judicial deference toward the administrative state. SN 0001-8368 EI 2326-9154 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 71 IS 1 BP 193 EP 250 UT WOS:000464302500004 ER PT J AU Haynes, N AF Haynes, Naomi TI The Benefit of the Doubt: On the Relationship Between Doubt and Power SO ANTHROPOLOGICAL QUARTERLY AB Anthropological studies of doubt have typically highlighted its productivity, pointing to the space that doubt opens to question established frameworks. This article builds on these observations by exploring an instance of doubt that I argue is unproductive. For Pentecostals on the Zambian Copperbelt, the fact that they do not receive the extravagant riches promised by the prosperity gospel -a Christian movement that is central to their faith-is not usually a problem. Most Pentecostal believers are able to reinterpret small gains in terms of a locally redefined prosperity, and therefore manage the doubts that their lack of wealth produces. For the poorest and most socially marginal believers, however, this kind of productive engagement with doubt is not possible. The productivity of doubt is therefore more an expression of structural factors than of the nature of doubt itself. This suggests that doubt-or at least the ability to mobilize doubt effectively-is a key index of power. This article provides an ethnographic exploration of the failure of the prosperity gospel while also expanding anthropological understanding of what makes doubt productive. SN 0003-5491 EI 1534-1518 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 92 IS 1 BP 35 EP 57 DI 10.1353/anq.2019.0001 UT WOS:000463694600002 ER PT J AU Campbell, B AF Campbell, Brian TI Africa Starts at the Pyrenees: Humor, Laughter, and Financial Recession in a Spanish Enclave in Morocco SO ANTHROPOLOGICAL QUARTERLY AB Located on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, the Spanish enclave of Ceuta depends almost entirely on subsidies from Madrid. When the newly elected conservative government initiated a rigorous austerity regime in 2011, Ceuta quickly became Spain's "unemployment capital," and my fieldnotes started overflowing with stories of disorientation as personal life-trajectories collapsed and national narratives developed over four decades of modernization and Europeanization became untenable. However, my diaries also contain page upon page of informants telling jokes, sharing caricatures, and watching satirical videos mocking Spain's political classes and, ultimately, themselves. Answering a call by Angelique Haugerud (2013b), this article asks what anthropology can learn from local jokers and tricksters. Following Karin Barber (2005) and Nicolas Argenti (2016), and reading Ceuta's obscene humor as a form of textual practice warranting serious ethnographic investigation, I argue that tricksters, locally appreciated as excellent social analysts, have anticipated anthropological efforts to encourage lay audiences to rethink "the economy," often considered to be an abstract, natural force. Indeed, my informants' humor not only locates the crisis in human relations, but it also describes "neoliberal" discourses as an ideology used by the financial class to claim resources and redistribute blame. This article, however, urges caution when dialoguing with tricksters. The burgeoning literature on humor in times of crisis has tended to focus on showing that laughter is not merely a weapon of the weak, but a liberating practice that turns trauma into creativity, maintains solidarity, mobilizes political resistance, and is therefore central to social change. But my Ceutan informants often forget that tricksters are rarely the heroes they think they are. Their lewd jokes create conflict between the enclave's inhabitants, hindering effective political mobilization and reproducing gender, ethnic, and racial stereotypes that raise methodological and ethical problems for anthropology. SN 0003-5491 EI 1534-1518 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 92 IS 1 BP 143 EP 172 DI 10.1353/anq.2019.0005 UT WOS:000463694600006 ER PT J AU Gould, H Chenhall, R Kohn, T Stevens, CS AF Gould, Hannah Chenhall, Richard Kohn, Tamara Stevens, Carolyn S. TI An Interrogation of Sensory Anthropology of and in Japan SO ANTHROPOLOGICAL QUARTERLY AB Sensory anthropology has quickly become a dynamic and expansive field of contemporary scholarship, with ethnographers increasingly interested in diverse sensory cosmologies as indicative of a "sensory turn" in anthropology. However, there has also been a tendency for these scholars to work in a linguistic silo, and overlook the potential contributions of local knowledge and scholarship. In this article, we begin to address this gap by bringing Japanese and English language scholarship on the senses in Japan into conversation to interrogate linguistic and cultural divides. Critical examination of these intertwined academic traditions not only provides new intellectual resources, it challenges assumed categories of analysis and deepens our understanding of cultural sensory formations. RI Stevens, Carolyn S./AAD-5827-2020 OI Gould, Hannah/0000-0003-4260-1085 SN 0003-5491 EI 1534-1518 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 92 IS 1 BP 231 EP 258 DI 10.1353/anq.2019.0008 UT WOS:000463694600009 ER PT J AU Dewar, KC AF Dewar, Kenneth C. TI Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Tom Kent SO JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES-REVUE D ETUDES CANADIENNES AB This article argues that the lines separating different modes of thought on the centre-left of the political spectrum-liberalism, social democracy, and socialism, broadly speaking-are permeable, and that they share many features in common. The example of Tom Kent illustrates the argument. A leading adviser to Lester B. Pearson and the Liberal Party from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, Kent argued for expanding social security in a way that had a number of affinities with social democracy. In his paper for the Study Conference on National Problems in 1960, where he set out his philosophy of social security, and in his actions as an adviser to the Pearson government, he supported social assistance, universal contributory pensions, and national, comprehensive medical insurance. In close association with his philosophy, he also believed that political parties were instruments of policy-making. SN 0021-9495 EI 1911-0251 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 53 IS 1 BP 178 EP 196 UT WOS:000461255200008 ER PT J AU Koering, J AF Koering, Jeremie TI The other "Sch," or When Damisch Met Schapiro SO OCTOBER AB French art-historian/philosopher Hubert Damisch and American art-historian Meyer Schapiro maintained an intellectual friendship of rare intensity for nearly forty years. Their many letters bear witness to this: From art history to psychoanalysis, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, and literature, they exchanged ideas in almost every field of the humanities and social sciences. The special issue which this text introduces focuses on the years 1972 and 1973, a period during which Damisch spent much time in the United States and met, in addition to Schapiro, Michel Foucault, Max Black, M. H. Abrams, and Norman Malcolm. The Other sch,' or When Damisch Met Schapiro seeks to put into perspective the forty-four letters gathered here as well as the several essays devoted to the Freud-Signorelli case. SN 0162-2870 EI 1536-013X PD WIN PY 2019 IS 167 BP 3 EP 24 UT WOS:000461029200001 ER PT J AU Saarinen, JA AF Saarinen, Jussi Antti TI Paintings as Solid Affective Scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF AESTHETICS AND ART CRITICISM AB We humans continuously reshape the environment to alter, enhance, and sustain our affective lives. This two-way modification has been discussed in recent philosophy of mind as affective scaffolding, wherein scaffolding quite literally means that our affective states are enabled and supported by environmental resources such as material objects, other people, and physical spaces. In this article, I argue that under certain conditions, paintings function as noteworthy affective scaffolds to their creators. I begin with a theoretical overview of affective niche construction and affective scaffolding. Then, based on the criteria of robustness, concreteness, and dependability, I specify a more restricted, solid type of affective scaffolding and propound paintings as a cogent case of such. In support of my argument, I highlight two feelings typical to painterly creativity: the feeling of aesthetic resonance and the feeling of fusion. To conclude, I discuss the overall contributions and limitations of my account. OI Saarinen, Jussi A./0000-0002-4435-4674 SN 0021-8529 EI 1540-6245 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 77 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1111/jaac.12610 UT WOS:000458583700007 ER PT J AU Eastaugh, EL AF Eastaugh, Erik Labelle TI THE CONCEPT OF A LINGUISTIC COMMUNITY SO UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LAW JOURNAL AB The concept of a linguistic community' plays a critical role in Canadian language rights law, appearing explicitly in both the Constitution and in statutory law as well as featuring prominently in the case law. Despite its ubiquity, however, this concept has never been explicitly defined, nor has it been subjected to sustained analysis by the courts or in legal scholarship. This is problematic, as the term can be interpreted in divergent ways, and the choice one makes in this respect has the potential to substantially alter the content of various constitutional and statutory provisions. Reduced to its simplest form, the problem is that the word community' can be interpreted in one of two ways: (a) as designating a collective entity of some kind or (b) as nothing more than a shorthand for labelling a certain class of individuals based on their linguistic competency and geographic location. This article examines which of these options ought to be preferred when construing references to a linguistic community' in constitutional or statutory provisions or in the relevant case law. Part ii of the article examines the concept of a community from a philosophical perspective and outlines a theoretical framework for distinguishing between cases where a collection of people should be viewed as a mere aggregate of individuals and those where it should be conceptualized as a collective entity with interests distinct from its individual members. Part iii then explores how this framework can be used to better understand the somewhat murky conceptual foundations of the leading language rights cases. I argue that these foundations can be explicated or completed by combining the concept of a community' developed in Part ii with ideas drawn from the social scientific research on the relationship between language, culture, and identity. SN 0042-0220 EI 1710-1174 PD WIN PY 2019 VL 69 IS 1 BP 117 EP 158 DI 10.3138/utlj.2018-0108 UT WOS:000454702300007 ER PT J AU Hope, SW AF Hope, Sonya White TI Elma Lewis, Her School of Fine Arts, and Her Vision of Arts Education as Cultural Emancipation SO BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN MUSIC EDUCATION AB The purpose of this article is to present findings from my study of Elma Lewis and her philosophy that illuminate key relationships between effective arts education for Black students and contemporary music education practice. Critical race theory provides the defining lens through which I examine Elma Lewis, her work, and prominent turn-of-the-21st-century music education philosophy and practice. Of import are resonances and dissonances between Lewis's views, the music education as aesthetic education perspective, and the music education as activity paradigm. I assert that Lewis advanced a philosophy of arts education as cultural emancipation (AECE) and contextualize her views within present-day education models of culturally oriented teaching and African-centered pedagogy. Scenarios envisioning 21st-century applications of AECE philosophy for music teaching and learning in diverse and dominant culture populations conclude this article. SN 0010-9894 EI 2162-7223 PD WIN PY 2019 IS 219 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.5406/bulcouresmusedu.219.0047 UT WOS:000453529700004 ER PT J AU Memon, SB Mirani, SH Mahar, SA Kumar, M Soomro, MA Zuhaibuddin AF Memon, Salman Bashir Mirani, Sajid H. Mahar, Shoukat A. Kumar, Mahender Soomro, Mansoor A. Zuhaibuddin TI Influence of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem on Economic Growth of Pakistan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NETWORK SECURITY AB The study was carried out in order to understand the influence of entrepreneurship ecosystem on economic growth of Pakistan. The researcher has conducted extensive literature review and after extensive deliberation has chosen three independent variables namely, entrepreneurial talent development, entrepreneurial network development and entrepreneurial culture. The study variables were taken from the three key studies and the research instrument was also made by closely analyzing those studies. The study was based on the post-positivist empirical philosophy with deductive approach and quantitative in nature. But the research has used non-probabilistic sampling and 50 SMEs (as defined by the SMEDA) have been selected based on convenience sampling. The Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were conducted for hypotheses testing and significant relationship was found between entrepreneurial talent, entrepreneurial network development and entrepreneurial culture. Interestingly, the moderate association and significant relationship was also found between entrepreneurship ecosystem as a whole and economic growth of Pakistan. The study concluded that, improvement in entrepreneurship ecosystem can have an impact on the economic growth of Pakistan. SN 1738-7906 PD NOV 30 PY 2019 VL 19 IS 11 BP 228 EP 239 UT WOS:000504422100033 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Wang, K AF Zhang, Dan Wang, Kang TI A Synthetic Feature Skull Descriptor for 3D Skull Similarity Measurement SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING AB 3D skull similarity measurement is a challenging and meaningful task in the fields of archaeology, forensic science, and anthropology. However, it is difficult to correctly and directly measure the similarity between 3D skulls which are geometric models with multiple border holes and complex topologies. In this paper, based on the synthetic feature method, we propose a novel 3D skull descriptor, synthetic wave kernel distance distribution (SWKDD) constructed by the laplace-beltrami operator. By defining SWKDD, we obtain a concise global skull representation method and transform the complex 3D skull similarity measurement into a simple 1D vector similarity measurement. First, we give the definition and calculation of SWKDD and analyse its properties. Second, we represent a framework for 3D skull similarity measurement using the SWKDD of 3D skulls and details of the calculation steps involved. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed method by calculating the similarity measurement of 3D skulls based on the real craniofacial database. SN 1024-123X EI 1563-5147 PD NOV 30 PY 2019 VL 2019 AR 8083504 DI 10.1155/2019/8083504 UT WOS:000502050900001 ER PT J AU Damkjaer, C AF Damkjaer, Camilla TI Slowness Out of Sync-Understandings of Time in Ashtanga Yoga SO SPORT ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY AB Yoga is often presented as a 'slow' form of exercise. Yoga magazines are filled with advice about how to 'slow down'. However, Ashtanga yoga is considered dynamic and 'fast'-something that dates back to its role in the modern re-invention of hatha yoga in India, highly influenced by European physical practices. It is therefore paradoxical that it has become part of the craving for 'slow' forms of exercise. This article argues that, when looking at the role of time in contemporary yoga practice, we first need to examine critically the different understandings of time that are part of the practice, and their geo-political circumstances. Methodologically, the analysis will be based in an auto-ethnographical approach and textual analysis of descriptions of Ashtanga yoga, especially by its main authority Pattabhi Jois (1915-2009) and his students. Philosophically, the article will draw upon the way time has been discussed (and the way Western concepts of time in philosophy, history, social sciences and anthropology have been questioned) within post-colonial theory. The analysis will focus on the different discourses of time in Ashtanga yoga as they appear in the technique and conceptual framework. Special focus will be given to the coexistence and superpositions of different discourses and understandings of time in the contemporary transnational practice of Ashtanga yoga. OI Damkjaer, Camilla/0000-0003-1060-8688 SN 1751-1321 EI 1751-133X DI 10.1080/17511321.2019.1696880 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000501522800001 ER PT J AU Ben Hammed, MW AF Ben Hammed, Mohamed Wajdi TI (Dis)Enchanting modernity: Sufism and its temporality in the thought of Mohammed Abed al-Jabri and Taha Abdurrahman SO JOURNAL OF NORTH AFRICAN STUDIES AB This article analyses the place of Sufism in the thought of two prominent Moroccan philosophers, Mohammed Abed al-Jabri (1935-2010) and Taha Abdurrahman (b. 1944), and investigates how it constitutes, in diametrically opposing ways, a core element of their vision regarding modern Islamic rationality. It explores how the reformative impulse in both their projects is guided by different understandings of the demands of modernity on Arabic Islamic culture. The interpretations of these demands range, on the one hand, from al-Jabri's imperative of disenchanting Islamic reason to, on the other, Abdurrahman's call to reinvigorate its spiritual and ethical dimensions. This article first explores the authors' treatments of Arabic Islamic cultural time and its relation to the global temporality of capitalist modernity. It then investigates how their contrasted understandings of the demands of modernity condition their positions on the mystical tradition of Islam, its internal forms of thinking time, and its desired/undesired place in modernity. SN 1362-9387 EI 1743-9345 DI 10.1080/13629387.2019.1697241 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000501196900001 ER PT J AU Wittels, P Mansfield, L AF Wittels, Paula Mansfield, Louise TI Weight stigma, fat pedagogy and rediscovering the pleasures of movement: experiencing physical activity and fatness in a public health weight management programme SO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN SPORT EXERCISE AND HEALTH AB Physical activity is typically part of public health weight management programmes in the UK, but despite critical debate about obesity science and discourse, fatness and physical activity, the focus remains on weight loss, reinforcing weight bias and weight stigma in physical activity promotion. This public health policy and practice approach ignores concerns about the ineffectiveness of weight-centric programmes and the evidence that physical activity may provide health benefits and protect individuals from non-communicable diseases, independent of weight loss as well as providing opportunity for a meaningful embodied experience. Little is known about the physical activity experiences of those enrolled on public health weight management programmes and this study provides an original insight into such experiences with significant public health policy and practice implications. In-depth qualitative interviews with ten people, categorised as obese or overweight and taking part in a local authority weight loss programme were used to explore people's experience of reintroducing physical activity into their lives through the programme. We found that when physical activity is delivered in a way that empowers those categorised as obese and overweight to overcome their fears of exercise, it is possible for people to (re)discover the pleasure in the moving fat body. We argue that public health services for those identified as obese and overweight need to draw on public pedagogy approaches by creating shared learning spaces for ethical and respectful knowledge exchange about physical activity, health and wellbeing as opposed to a stigmatising weight-centric ideal of weight management service delivery. SN 2159-676X EI 2159-6778 DI 10.1080/2159676X.2019.1695655 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000500286500001 ER PT J AU Zivkovic, T AF Zivkovic, Tanya TI Lifelines and End-of-life Decision-making: An Anthropological Analysis of Advance Care Directives in Cross-cultural Contexts SO ETHNOS AB This paper examines interrelated dichotomies in social anthropology and cross-cultural research on advance care directives (ACDs). It aims to recast the disjuncture between individual (Western) selves and collectivist (non-Western) Others that has impeded understandings of the cultural complexities of decision-making at the end of life. Based on research conducted with Chinese, Vietnamese and Indian communities living in Adelaide, South Australia, it explores how ACDs can obscure the vicissitudes of bodies and social life, decontextualising and detracting from our emplacement in relational worlds. Drawing on Ingold's approach to living beings as a bundle of lines that join together, a 'meshwork' that carries on, I trace the continuities and points of tension, or 'knots', interwoven in movements and metaphors of writing up advance care directives, signing consent, opening doors and caring through touch. SN 0014-1844 EI 1469-588X DI 10.1080/00141844.2019.1696857 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499757800001 ER PT J AU Hinchion, C AF Hinchion, Carmel TI A "filmic anthropology" of classroom practice: student teachers enacting pedagogy SO PEDAGOGIES AB The focus of this paper is twofold: (1) the paper describes and analyses the enacted pedagogy of three beginning student teachers. It looks at their actions in the classroom and considers how their bodily semiotic communication gives some indication of their thinking and feeling states and the meanings they hold for teaching and learning at this time in their identity-making; t(2) the research is used as generative grounds for developing my own pedagogy as a teacher educator. I draw on Grasseni ' s concept of "filmic anthropology" where three video recordings, identity artefacts, become the data set giving access to the physical and symbolic enactment of learning to teach. I present my data under the headings: pedagogical openings, indicative pedagogical moments and pedagogical closings. The paper concludes by focusing on developing pedagogies of enactment with student teachers and on using video, not only as as a research tool, but also as pedagogical resource in learning.. SN 1554-480X EI 1554-4818 DI 10.1080/1554480X.2019.1696198 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499605900001 ER PT J AU Shupe, E AF Shupe, Eli TI Perceiving deviance SO SYNTHESE AB I defend the claim that we have the capacity to perceptually represent objects and events in experience as deviating from an expectation, or, for short, as deviant. The rival hypothesis is that we may ascribe the property of deviance to a stimulus at a cognitive level, but that property is not a representational content of perceptual experience. I provide empirical reasons to think that, contrary to the rival hypothesis, we do perceptually represent deviance. SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 DI 10.1007/s11229-019-02493-2 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499554200002 ER PT J AU Loisy, M AF Loisy, Marine TI Tourism and involvement of inhabitants in Paris SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM CITIES AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the adaptation strategies of inhabitants and the forms of participation they adopt in tourism activities in Paris. As public policies have recently recognized the importance of taking into account inhabitants in the tourism development strategy in Paris and its suburbs, this paper proposes an analysis of the different forms of this participation and its stakes for the territories. Design/methodology/approach - This paper gathers the first results of a thesis work in anthropology that is based on an ethnographic method combining participant observation, semi-directive interviews and bibliographic work. Observations took place in Paris and in several cities of the Grand Paris with inhabitants involved in tourism activities, or who are experiencing a difficult cohabitation with tourists in their neighborhoods. Thus, some 40 semi-directive interviews were conducted with inhabitants, members of associations and entrepreneurs. There were also participatory observation works within public institutions, mainly at the Paris City Hall, as well as interviews with dozens of tourism professionals from the private, public and associative sectors. Findings - Not all residents have the same commitment to tourism and they do not all want to meet visitors. The relationship of inhabitants to tourism is complex and heterogenous. Nevertheless, this research shows that the roles played by inhabitants are multiple: producers of tourist services, ambassadors for their city or neighborhood, the permanent resident can also be seen as a product that attracts visitors, and as a tourist himself. The permanent resident offers the possibility of going off the beaten track, and promotes the revalorization of the identity of a territory and its inhabitants. Originality/value - The originality of this research lies in the choice to focus primarily on the point of view of the visited population in a European capital. Ethnographic work allows for the observation and analysis of practices, in order to understand the stakes of visitor/visitor cohabitation and to anticipate possible movements of anti-tourist rejections. SN 2056-5607 EI 2056-5615 PD NOV 29 PY 2019 VL 5 IS 3 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1108/IJTC-01-2018-0006 UT WOS:000500120300003 ER PT J AU Kaidesoja, T Sarkia, M Hyyrylainen, M AF Kaidesoja, Tuukka Sarkia, Matti Hyyrylaeinen, Mikko TI Arguments for the cognitive social sciences SO JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AB This article analyses the arguments for the integration between the cognitive and social sciences. We understand interdisciplinary integration as an umbrella term that includes different ways of bringing scientific disciplines together. Our focus is on four arguments based on different ideas about how the cognitive sciences should be integrated with the social sciences: explanatory grounding, theoretical unification, constraint and complementarity. These arguments not only provide different reasons why the cognitive social sciences-i.e. disciplines and research programs that aim to integrate the social sciences with the cognitive sciences-are needed but also subscribe to different visions as to how these sciences might look like. We discuss each argument in three stages: First, we provide a concrete example of the argument. Second, we reconstruct the argument by specifying its premises, inferential structure and conclusion. Third, we evaluate the argument by analyzing its presuppositions, the plausibility of its premises, the soundness of its inferences and potential conceptual ambiguities. In the final discussion, we compare these arguments and identify the most compelling reasons why the cognitive social sciences are needed. OI Sarkia, Matti/0000-0001-6523-9993; Kaidesoja, Tuukka/0000-0002-9633-2944 SN 0021-8308 EI 1468-5914 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 49 IS 4 BP 480 EP 498 DI 10.1111/jtsb.12226 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000502378400001 ER PT J AU Haram, L AF Haram, Liv TI Negotiating Gender Justice in Tanzania SO ETHNOS AB In line with more recent studies in legal anthropology, and transnational legal rights studies [-. 2003. Human Rights Law and the Demonization of Culture (And Anthropology Along the Way). PoLAR, 26(1):55-73; -. 2006. Transnational Human Rights and Local Activism: Mapping in the Middle. American Anthropologist, 108(1):38-51; Sieder, Rachel & John Andrew McNeish. 2013. Gender Justice and Legal Pluralities: Latin American and African Perspectives. Routledge], this article explores how a young woman claiming to be abducted and raped navigates among the plural legal systems available in fending for justice. The article thus investigates what I refer to as 'contesting normative orders' and different perceptions of sexual violence and rape that are present in the plurality of existing legal systems in Tanzania. How are transnational legal rights approaches to violence and rape against women perceived by the various parties involved - including representatives of local 'customary law'? How is violence against women acted upon, and - based on which principles - finally settled locally? The article draws on anthropological fieldwork among the Meru in northern Tanzania, conducted intermittently since 1989. SN 0014-1844 EI 1469-588X DI 10.1080/00141844.2019.1696865 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000501388800001 ER PT J AU Oshewolo, S AF Oshewolo, Segun TI A reconsideration of the Afrocentric principle in Nigeria's foreign policy framework SO GEOJOURNAL AB One of the principles guiding the conduct of Nigeria's foreign policy is Afrocentrism. The concept of Nigeria's Afrocentric policy embodies two intertwined ideas. First, it is designed to advance the interest and wellbeing of African countries through different intra and extra-African diplomatic channels. Second, the reason for embracing a representative function on behalf of Africa in global forums and the enormous sacrifices undertaken in the process is to enhance Nigeria's status as Africa's undisputed leader. The exploits and sacrifices in the pursuit of the policy notwithstanding, Nigeria has had to endure some disappointments and inconveniences. Going forward, this article contends that the philosophies underlying the policy must be reconsidered. In the uncertain world of diplomacy where empathy and benevolence are not always rewarded, Nigeria must embrace an 'imperialistic' agenda in its foreign policy calculations towards Africa. OI Oshewolo, Segun/0000-0001-6830-1975 SN 0343-2521 EI 1572-9893 DI 10.1007/s10708-019-10114-1 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499869700001 ER PT J AU Rondeau, E Larmonier, N Pradeu, T Bikfalvi, A AF Rondeau, Elena Larmonier, Nicolas Pradeu, Thomas Bikfalvi, Andreas TI Characterizing causality in cancer SO ELIFE AB Philosophers have explored the concept of causality for centuries. Here we argue that ideas about causality from philosophy can help scientists to better understand how cancerous tumors grow and spread in the body. After outlining six characteristics of causality that are relevant to cancer, we emphasize the importance of feedback loops and interactions between tumor-cell-intrinsic and tumor-cell-extrinsic factors for explaining the formation and dissemination of tumors. SN 2050-084X PD NOV 29 PY 2019 VL 8 AR e53755 DI 10.7554/eLife.53755 UT WOS:000500008600001 PM 31782731 ER PT J AU Polenghi, S AF Polenghi, Simonetta TI Striving for recognition: the first five female professors in Italy (1887-1904) SO PAEDAGOGICA HISTORICA AB Italy opened the doors of its universities to female students in 1875. The generalview was that very few women were clever enough to obtain a degree, so they would not threaten social stability. Female professors would be even rarer - a few exceptional "male" women. Access to the professions was impossible in the case of the legal profession, or limited in terms of medicine. In this context, where both Catholics and Positivists opposed women's careers, seeing them as incompatible with motherhood and marriage, five women managed to enter theacademic world as unsalaried lecturers: Giuseppina Cattani (1887, Pathology), Paolina Schiff (1891/1893, German literature and language), Rina Monti (1899, Anatomy and Comparative Physiology), Teresa Labriola (1901, Philosophy of Law) and Maria Montessori (1904, Anthropology). With archival documents and other contemporary texts, this paper reconstructs who these women were and the many difficulties they faced in academic life. Four of them were emancipationists and did not marry. These choices debarred them from pursuing a full academic career. Only Monti, who had a family and took no active part in female propaganda, managed to become a full professor in 1911, the first woman in Italy to do so. SN 0030-9230 EI 1477-674X DI 10.1080/00309230.2019.1690008 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499077900001 ER PT J AU Veldsman, DP AF Veldsman, Daniel P. TI Embracing the eye of the Apple: On anthropology, theology and technology SO HTS TEOLOGIESE STUDIES-THEOLOGICAL STUDIES AB The playful re-working of the idiomatic expression 'the apple of my eye' to the 'eye/I of my Apple' provides the answer to the question on technology, emphasising its importance for societies, specifically the South African society, and embodied personhood, and at the same time its determinative contextual character. The answer to the question on technology firstly takes as the vantage point a few personal comments by the author in relation to the question at hand. Secondly, brief remarks on technology and approaches to the question are made before the focus on ethics is explicated and motivated. Lastly, a deep concern is identified and is poignantly described as the probable wicked technologisation of the African soul. SN 0259-9422 EI 2072-8050 PD NOV 28 PY 2019 VL 75 IS 1 AR a5498 DI 10.4102/hts.v75i1.5498 UT WOS:000500218700001 ER PT J AU Shomar, T AF Shomar, Towfic TI Complementarity Revisited SO FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE AB Complementarity can be considered as the weirdest idea associated with quantum mechanics. For Bohr, Complementarity is important in order to be able to convey successfully the non-classical features of quantum mechanics. This paper discusses the epistemic and ontological implications of different new experiments that attempt to detect complementarity. Complementarity has surely survived the attempts to overcome it, yet some of these experiments have led to a more general form of complementarity. Others claim to be able to differentiate among the different interpretations of quantum physics. Nonetheless, such claims have revealed contradictory representations of the ontological picture of the universe. Hence, Bohr's position is still valid. SN 1233-1821 EI 1572-8471 DI 10.1007/s10699-019-09641-4 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499187700001 ER PT J AU Kriz, P AF Kriz, Petr TI Merleau-Ponty's Discovery of the Pre-objective Body and Its Consequences for Body-Oriented Disciplines SO SPORT ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY AB This paper addresses the ontological status of the body in the context of bodily practices in body-oriented disciplines, such as sport training, dance, and physiotherapy. Following Descartes', Husserl's, and in particular Merleau-Ponty's interpretations of the body, it contends that the body cannot be considered merely as an object amongst other objects. From the phenomenological perspective, one's own body is characterized by certain exceptionalities that distinguish it from other bodies that we experience. These exceptionalities of one's own body are described as (1) its permanent presence and perspectival anchoring, (2) its ability to sense both on its surface and in its interior, (3) its capacity to move itself in an immediate way. First, it is shown how Merleau-Ponty employs his insights into the nature of these exceptionalities in order to accomplish an epistemological turn that has ontological implications: one's own body is not at first an object, but rather a being through which objects are possible for us. Then, the impact of Merleau-Ponty's epistemological turn (on our understanding of our engagement with our perceptual environment and with another's body in practical body-oriented disciplines) is clarified. Finally, it is explained why, rather than treating one's own and the other's body merely as a physical entity or as a representation in the mind, we should approach it as an expression of bodily understanding and of the grasping of a situation. The development of this approach into a systematic framework promises a more adequate and appropriate practice of body-oriented disciplines. SN 1751-1321 EI 1751-133X DI 10.1080/17511321.2019.1694059 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499105500001 ER PT J AU Okuda, T AF Okuda, Tomoyo TI The writing center and international students in a Japanese university: a language management perspective SO HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AB One of the institutional challenges of taking in large numbers of international graduate students is supporting their academic literacy skills. To accommodate a large population of international students, Japanese universities offer various services to support their academic studies and life-related issues, such as hiring international student advisors, offering Japanese language courses, and implementing peer-support programs. As a type of academic support for writing for international students, writing centers have caught the attention of universities in the last decade. To examine the institutional role of the writing center at a Japanese university, this study employs a language management lens to compare the beliefs and interests among administrators, tutors, and international students in improving international students' Japanese writing. Interviews with the three groups of participants displayed incongruences between the administrators' interests aligned with institutional goals, the educational philosophy of the writing center, and international students' language learning needs. The findings point to the tutors' crucial role as language specialists who inform organized language management, and the necessity for collaboration between academic support units and faculty members in providing sufficient academic socialization environments for international students. SN 0729-4360 EI 1469-8366 DI 10.1080/07294360.2019.1693515 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499079500001 ER PT J AU Pepp, J Michaelson, E Sterken, R AF Pepp, Jessica Michaelson, Eliot Sterken, Rachel TI Why we should keep talking about fake news SO INQUIRY-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY AB In response to Habgood-Coote (2019. "Stop Talking about Fake News!" Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 62 (9-10): 1033-1065.) and a growing number of scholars who argue that academics and journalists should stop talking about fake news and abandon the term, we argue that the reasons which have been offered for eschewing the term 'fake news' are not sufficient to justify such abandonment. Prima facie, then, we take ourselves and others to be justified in continuing to talk about fake news. SN 0020-174X EI 1502-3923 DI 10.1080/0020174X.2019.1685231 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499047200001 ER PT J AU Evans, M AF Evans, Mihail TI Derrida and Europe beyond identity SO JOURNAL FOR CULTURAL RESEARCH AB From his Problem of Genesis in Husserl's Philosophy (1953-4) to the address given on the fiftieth anniversary of Le monde diplomatique just before he died in 2004, Derrida made constant reference to the subject of Europe. A recent volume of essays, Europe after Derrida: Crisis and Potentiality, seeks to explore this work and the current paper gauges the extent to which it correctly accounts for it. It is suggested that many of the chapters are seriously flawed in failing to note how Derrida's interest in Europe follows that of a long line of philosophers from the phenomenological school, going back to Husserl and including Heidegger and Patocka. Consequently, many of the contributors resort to ideas of identity current in sociology and cultural studies and appear not to understand that central to Derrida's thought is a challenge to such notions. Unlike Gasche's Europe, or The Infinite Task, the only single-volume treatment of Derrida's work on Europe and a text mentioned by only two contributors, they overlook the way in which he proposes that Europe could be precisely a project of pioneering the rethinking of identity. SN 1479-7585 EI 1740-1666 DI 10.1080/14797585.2019.1681085 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498494100001 ER PT J AU Sevinc, T AF Sevinc, Tugba TI Three approaches to social unity and solidarity SO CRITICAL REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AB This paper reassesses theorizations of the basis of social unity in a polity, arguing that what I call the joint activity approach provides a more dynamic understanding of social unity as well as a more inclusive sense of solidarity. The paper begins by reconsidering the major alternatives in the history of political philosophy, as different views take different ties, bonds and relations as most fundamental to citizens' sense of unity and togetherness in society. In view of this plurality, the paper first sets up a distinction between conceptions of social unity that are based on the existence of shared or common grounds such as national identity (Kymlicka, Tamir, Miller), identification with the institutions of a polity (Mason), patriotic identification with the constitution (Habermas) or an agreement on the principles of justice (Rawls) as the source of citizens' sense of unity; and conceptions of social unity that rely on the joint and ongoing activities of citizens ?productive (Durkheim and Marx) and political (Aristotle)?as their basis. Second, the paper evaluates the implications of these different theoretical conceptualizations of social unity for the issue of social inclusion, integration and solidarity. It argues that the former conceptions are similarly limited in their capacity for inclusive solidarity since all of them focus on what citizens already share in common without paying sufficient attention to the production of what they take to be shared in society. The paper contributes to the growing literature on solidarity by bringing the widely neglected joint activity view back to the debate. SN 1369-8230 EI 1743-8772 DI 10.1080/13698230.2019.1697843 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000500212600001 ER PT J AU Naicker, S AF Naicker, Suren TI An analysis of the Gayatri mantra as a mega-compression: A cognitive linguistic perspective in light of conceptual blending theory SO HTS TEOLOGIESE STUDIES-THEOLOGICAL STUDIES AB In this article, the Gayatri mantra, one of the most sacred chants to be found in Hindu lore, will be analysed as a blend, where an entire philosophy is compressed into these few syllables, which will be expounded upon here in more detail. Drawing upon insights from conceptual blending theory, this sacred mantra will be unpacked and explored, and it will be shown here that this ancient Rigvedic hymn is actually a nucleic compression which once tapped into leads the practitioner to new insights and higher levels of spiritual awareness as the inner meaning unfolds. Practising Hindus around the world revere and recite this mantra with the utmost reverence, and this is true of the Indian diaspora in South Africa as well. Aside from presenting this hymn through the lens of blending theory, the aim is to demonstrate and explain why exactly this mantra is chanted with such reverence and given precedence over the many other mantras found throughout the Vedic texts. SN 0259-9422 EI 2072-8050 PD NOV 27 PY 2019 VL 75 IS 4 AR a5325 DI 10.4102/hts.v75i4.5325 UT WOS:000500227100001 ER PT J AU Haynes, AR AF Haynes, Anthony Richard TI Jacques Maritain on the Mystic-Poet SO NEW BLACKFRIARS AB I examine Jacques Maritain's assertion that his godfather, the Catholic writer Leon Bloy, was both an artist and a mystic, capable of reaching the heights of mystical contemplation of God. First examining this assertion in light of Maritain's mystical theology and philosophy of creativity, I show that a conventional reading of their operative principles renders mystical experience and artistic experience essentially different in their respective modes and objects of knowledge. Drawing on Maritain's personal reflections on Bloy and recent developments in Maritain scholarship, however, I then make the case that by virtue of relatively unexplored elements in Maritain's testimony and theoretical principles, the Christian artist can also have the experience of the Christian mystic when they direct their work to the mysteries of the Christian faith. I call this convergence 'Infused-Poetic Contemplation'. SN 0028-4289 EI 1741-2005 DI 10.1111/nbfr.12518 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499172000001 ER PT J AU Jin, H Delgado, C Bauer, MI Wylie, EC Cisterna, D Llort, KF AF Jin, Hui Delgado, Cesar Bauer, Malcolm I. Wylie, E. Caroline Cisterna, Dante Llort, Kenneth F. TI A Hypothetical Learning Progression for Quantifying Phenomena in Science SO SCIENCE & EDUCATION AB In this article, we report on a three-pronged effort to create a hypothetical learning progression for quantification in science. First, we drew from history and philosophy of science to define the quantification competency and develop hypothetical levels of the learning progression. More specifically, the quantification competency refers to the ability to analyze phenomena through (a) abstracting relevant measurable variables from phenomena and observations, (b) investigating the mathematical relationships among the variables, and (c) conceptualizing scientific ideas that explain the mathematical relationships. The quantification learning progression contains four levels of increasing sophistication: level 1, holistic observation; level 2, attributes; level 3, measurable variables; and level 4, relational complexity. Second, we analyzed the practices in the Next Generation Science Standards for current, largely tacit, assumptions about how quantification develops (or ought to develop) through K-12 education. While several pieces of evidence support the learning progression, we found that quantification was described inconsistently across practices. Third, we used empirical student data from a field test of items in physical and life sciences to illustrate qualitative differences in student thinking that align with levels in the hypothetical learning progression for quantification. By generating a hypothetical learning progression for quantification, we lay the groundwork for future standards development efforts to include this key practice and provide guidance for curriculum developers and instructors in helping students develop robust scientific understanding. SN 0926-7220 EI 1573-1901 DI 10.1007/s11191-019-00076-8 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498997500001 ER PT J AU Feeney, O AF Feeney, Oliver TI Editing the Gene Editing Debate: Reassessing the Normative Discussions on Emerging Genetic Technologies SO NANOETHICS AB The revolutionary potential of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique has created a resurgence in enthusiasm and concern in genetic research perhaps not seen since the mapping of the human genome at the turn of the century. Some such concerns and anxieties revolve around crossing lines between somatic and germline interventions as well as treatment and enhancement applications. Underpinning these concerns, there are familiar concepts of safety, unintended consequences and damage to genetic identity and the creation of designer children through pursuing human enhancement and eugenics. In the policy realm, these morally laden distinctions and anxieties are emerging as the basis for making important and applied measures to respond to the fast-evolving scientific developments. This paper argues that the dominant normative framing for such responses is insufficient for this task. This paper illustrates this insufficiency as arising from a continued reliance on misleading genetic essentialist assumptions that generate groundless speculation and over-reactionary normative responses. This phenomenon is explicit with regard to prospective human (germ line) genetic enhancements. While many normative theorists and state-of-the-art reports continue to gesture toward the influence of environmental and social influences on a person and their traits and capacities, this recognition does not extend to the substance of the arguments themselves which tend to revert to the debunked genetic determinist framework. Given the above, this paper argues that there is a pressing need for a more central role for sociological input into particular aspects of this "enhancement myth" in order to give added weight, detail and substance to these environmental influences and influence from social structures. OI Feeney, Oliver/0000-0003-3585-448X SN 1871-4757 EI 1871-4765 DI 10.1007/s11569-019-00352-5 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498992600001 ER PT J AU Wells, S Moon, B AF Wells, Shannon Moon, Brian TI Towards an anatomy of English textbooks: counting what counts as English SO ENGLISH IN EDUCATION AB Secondary school English is shaped not only by complex institutional and discursive forces but also by the mundane reality of available resources. Among the resources used by teachers are commercial textbooks. Classroom textbooks can play a significant role in determining what gets taught in English lessons. They can also influence assumptions about the larger purpose and goals of English. Despite this influence, there have been few recent attempts to analyse rigorously the makeup of English textbooks. This paper describes a method of content analysis that offers a detailed anatomy of the manifest and latent content of English textbooks. We show how the claims of publishers and the rationales offered by textbook authors can be tested against content, activities and design-work in the textbook itself. We also show how a detailed quantitative analysis of textbooks can be used to assess their alignment with official curricula and with prevailing philosophies of English. SN 0425-0494 EI 1754-8845 DI 10.1080/04250494.2019.1687259 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498900800001 ER PT J AU Wintrup, J AF Wintrup, James TI Transcending the Ethical Dilemma of Christian Humanitarianism: American Medical Missionaries at a Hospital in Rural Zambia SO ETHNOS AB After arriving to volunteer at a rural hospital in Zambia, many short-term American missionaries began to doubt whether the Christian character of their work was recognisable to Zambian patients and health professionals. In this article, I argue that these missionary doubts were a result of what Webb Keane has recently called 'the ethical dilemma of humanitarianism', a term he uses to describe the lack of mutual ethical recognition in humanitarian encounters. After showing how missionaries experienced and articulated a distinctively Christian version of this 'dilemma', I demonstrate how they were able to transcend it by identifying other people who could properly recognise the Christian character of their work: namely, their families, friends and church members back 'at home' in the United States. In conclusion, I suggest that more attention should be paid to the political importance of various forms of domestic ethical recognition in sustaining humanitarianism in practice. SN 0014-1844 EI 1469-588X DI 10.1080/00141844.2019.1696856 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498791000001 ER PT J AU Taylor, NB AF Taylor, Noah B. TI Transpersonal consciousness in elicitive teaching SO JOURNAL OF PEACE EDUCATION AB In this article I explore the role of transpersonal consciousness in Peace Education. Following the framework of transrational peace philosophy, I discuss the dynamics between the spiritual and policitary layers and their relevance in preparing for elicitive teaching, curriculum design, and developing pedagogical approaches. I use my personal experiences in elicitive peace education to elucidate opportunities for the practical application of transpersonal consciousness in the classroom. This article concludes that in Peace Education, engaging with the transpersonal layer supports deeper transformations within and beyond the classroom that includes shifting of personal awareness and deepening of perspectives, as well as the capacity for the group to become a resource for learning. SN 1740-0201 EI 1740-021X DI 10.1080/17400201.2019.1697069 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498901900001 ER PT J AU Bazzano, M AF Bazzano, Manu TI Pandas in a zoo: facilitating encounter in institutional settings SO PERSON-CENTERED AND EXPERIENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES AB This paper outlines a personal experience of facilitating encounter groups within person-centered training in some UK's universities and colleges. It centered around the following questions: Does the person-centered approach (PCA) become sterilized within institutions increasingly run like businesses, where trainees are seen as customers and tutors as functionaries? What are the challenges and rewards of facilitating encounter within these settings? What are the contradictions, if any, within the philosophy of encounter within the PCA? SN 1477-9757 EI 1752-9182 DI 10.1080/14779757.2019.1680422 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498874800001 ER PT J AU Kobi, M AF Kobi, Madlen TI Contours of an urban architectural anthropology: built environment, climate control and socio-material practices in winter in Chongqing (south-west China)Mots-cles SO SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY AB The materiality of and daily life in urban high-rise buildings has barely been researched, especially when compared to the rich anthropological and architectural studies that exist on rural architecture. This article engages with indoor climate control in an urbanising environment. It considers urban architecture as a social field characterised by the interaction of diverse actors such as architects, policymakers, investors and residents. Based on ethnographic data from subtropical Chongqing (China) in winter, the broader aim is to outline an urban architectural anthropology that approaches the house from a holistic perspective with regard to its materiality, namely by considering both its structure and interior architecture, all embedded in the larger political and economic context. With regard to thermal comfort, architects often focus on the qualities of the material structure of a building for indoor climate control, while social science approaches tend solely to consider the objects and practices inside those structures. In following a practice-arrangement nexus approach as put forward by Schatzki (2010), I propose to think the two levels as interrelated. Ethnography-based research thus contributes significantly to grasping how people react to buildings and make themselves comfortable in social, socio-material and thermal terms. OI Kobi, Madlen/0000-0001-6644-4083 SN 0964-0282 EI 1469-8676 DI 10.1111/1469-8676.12718 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498653900001 ER PT J AU Pujol-Cruells, A Vilaplana, C AF Pujol-Cruells, Adria Vilaplana, Cristina TI Specific Interventions for Implementing a Patient-Centered Approach to TB Care in Low-Incidence Cities SO FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE AB Background: According to the latest Guidelines from the World Health Organization, there is an increasing need for patient-centered tuberculosis disease management given the socio-economic factors influencing the tuberculosis epidemic. In the present study, we aimed to study TB in Barcelona city from an anthropological point of view and to devise a series of specific proposals to implement a patient-centered approach in our setting. Methods: We carried out a qualitative study using an anthropological approach in Barcelona in the period between November 2017 and November 2018 and proposed specific interventions based on our observations. Results: In practice, in our environment (a low-incidence European country where tuberculosis tends to present in patients with multiple social problems), and despite the goodwill of the care teams, there are no established and stable circuits, or specific tools to ensure that this is done routinely. Based on our observations, we have devised a series of specific proposals to implement a patient-centered approach. With these interventions we aim to (a) directly ameliorate TB patients well-being in any diagnostic/healthcare management center and (b) at more general level, to increase TB detection and treatment adherence. Conclusions: The patient-centered TB management recommended by the WHO might be essential for patients' well-being, but there is a lack of circuits or working protocols that ensure its implementation in a regulated manner. In the present manuscript we explain the various concrete measures that we propose in our region and which could be put into practice in other cities or geographic regions with similar epidemiological characteristics. EI 2296-858X PD NOV 26 PY 2019 VL 6 AR 273 DI 10.3389/fmed.2019.00273 UT WOS:000505571500001 PM 31850353 ER PT J AU Souleles, D AF Souleles, Daniel TI The distribution of ignorance on financial markets SO ECONOMY AND SOCIETY AB In the economists' old conception of a market, perfection would arrive when all participants had complete knowledge. However, economists and psychologists have lately realized that ignorance and bias more accurately describe the state of human knowledge even around those hallowed moments of transactional decision making. In these new academic stories, these models of irrationality and bias often take the form of basic cognitive features or evolutionary mal-adaptations. However, it's just, as is often the case, that there is also a historically specific story about local culture to be told about ignorance. This paper will report back from field-work conducted with contemporary, computerized stock traders, develop a typology of the things they say they don't know, and then suggest what this has to do with some of the more durable features and behaviours of contemporary financial markets. SN 0308-5147 EI 1469-5766 DI 10.1080/03085147.2019.1678263 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000500430500001 ER PT J AU Chee, WC AF Chee, Wai-chi TI Local and Global, but Not national: Citizenship Education of South Asian Migrant Students in Post-Colonial Hong Kong SO ANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY AB This article examines how schools in Hong Kong attempt to craft South Asian migrant students into desirable citizens and how the youths understand themselves as members of Hong Kong and of a global community. The contestation has to do both with how South Asians are viewed in Hong Kong and with how post-colonial Hong Kong is related to China. The process of citizen-making of transnational youths, I argue, is best understood at the local-national-global intersection. OI /0000-0002-3874-1002 SN 0161-7761 EI 1548-1492 DI 10.1111/aeq.12331 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498480200001 ER PT J AU Antoine-Mahut, D AF Antoine-Mahut, Delphine TI Philosophizing with a historiographical figure: Descartes in Degerando's Histoire comparee des systemes de philosophie (1804 and 1847) SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB The writings by the 'state philosophers' of nineteenth-century France are often seen, either as entirely driven by political or ideological concerns, or reduced to mere history of philosophy. Hence, ironically, those who established the philosophical canon that still now informs philosophy teaching in France were themselves excluded from that canon. Using the heuristic concept of a philosophical figure, this article intends to show how, for these philosophers, historiography represented a seemingly inoffensive, but in reality, extremely efficient means of searching out philosophical alternatives to the institutionally dominant philosophy of Victor Cousin (1792-1867). Focusing on the almost forgotten case of Joseph-Marie Degerando (1772-1842), I show how he used the philosophical figure of Descartes and how he used it to counter Cousin. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1671797 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498367900001 ER PT J AU Sala, A Caputo, M Corach, D AF Sala, Andrea Caputo, Mariela Corach, Daniel TI Genetic structure of Mataco-Guaycuru speakers from Argentina and the extent of their genetic admixture with neighbouring urban populations SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB Argentina hosts more than 30 Native American groups, who are widely distributed throughout the country. Mataco-Guaycuru speakers settled in the ecoregion of Gran Chaco and represent 26.7% of the extant aboriginal population of the country. To further investigate the genetic attributes of these speakers, we focused our attention on four aboriginal groups, namely, Wichi, Toba, Pilaga and Mocovi, belonging to the Mataco-Guaycuru linguistic group. Our main goal was to evaluate the interrelationships among the groups and the relationships of these groups with admixed urban populations and to assess correspondences between molecular analysis and historical information. A total of 890 samples (282 Native Americans and 608 inhabitants of admixed urban areas) were analysed. Genetic information was gathered from 15 autosomal STRs, 17 Y-STRs, entire mtDNA control region sequences, 24 AIM-SNPs and 46 AIM-DIPs. Native American signatures were detected in 97.9% of mtDNA lineages, 89.1% ofY-haplotypes and 90.3% to 96.9% of autosomal markers. Wichi exhibited the genetic composition with the largest Native American contribution among the groups and a weak signal of gene flow. This work provides extended genetic information of potential interest in the fields of molecular anthropology and forensic genetics. SN 2045-2322 PD NOV 26 PY 2019 VL 9 AR 17559 DI 10.1038/s41598-019-54146-6 UT WOS:000498632700002 PM 31772268 ER PT J AU Alfandary, I AF Alfandary, Isabelle TI Unfounding an American tradition: or the performative invention of self in Ralph Waldo Emerson SO TEXTUAL PRACTICE AB One of the reasons why Emerson's work is little recognised as philosophical is that it does not make any particular effort to distance itself from literature, nor even to keep it at bay. Unlike the Western metaphysical tradition founded by Plato, the tradition of thought of which Emerson is the founder does not make separation from the letters its founding act. On the contrary, Transcendentalism simultaneously calls for American literature and American philosophy in a common summoning and space-time. As this essay argues, Emerson's invention of a philosophy elaborated from the experience of writing and reading is inextricable from the elevation of the self to the order of a philosophical principle. Ultimately, the performative authority of the self-reliant individual serves as the cornerstone for a nation of free thinking and writing men and women. SN 0950-236X EI 1470-1308 PD NOV 26 PY 2019 VL 33 IS 10 SI SI BP 1739 EP 1752 DI 10.1080/0950236X.2019.1665924 UT WOS:000492429300007 ER PT J AU Habgood-Coote, J AF Habgood-Coote, Joshua TI Stop talking about fake news! SO INQUIRY-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY AB Since 2016, there has been an explosion of academic work that fixes its subject matter using the terms 'fake news' and 'post-truth'. In this paper, I argue that this terminology is not up to scratch, and that academics and journalists ought to completely stop using the terms 'fake news' and 'post-truth'. I set out three arguments for abandonment. First, that 'fake news' and 'post-truth' do not have stable public meanings, entailing that they are either nonsense, context-sensitive, or contested. Secondly, that these terms are unnecessary, because we already have a rich vocabulary for thinking about epistemic dysfunction. Thirdly, I observe that 'fake news' and 'post-truth' have propagandistic uses, meaning that using these terms legitimates anti-democratic propaganda, and risks smuggling bad ideology into conversations. OI Habgood-Coote, Joshua/0000-0003-3427-3325 SN 0020-174X EI 1502-3923 PD NOV 26 PY 2019 VL 62 IS 9-10 BP 1033 EP 1065 DI 10.1080/0020174X.2018.1508363 UT WOS:000489729700003 ER PT J AU Noble, M AF Noble, Marianne TI The reality of the self in the priority of the other: Hawthorne, Levinas, and Winnicott SO TEXTUAL PRACTICE AB The essay explores in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne a correlation between feelings of non-existence and the feeling of indifference to others, comparing Hawthorne's engagement of this theme to related treatments of it in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas and the psychology of D. W. Winnicott. It argues that Levinas provides a valuable framework for understanding feelings of the real in The Scarlet Letter, but Winnicott provides a more helpful framework for interpreting Hawthorne's subsequent works. Like Levinas, Winnicott predicates subjectivity on an ethics of infinitude, but unlike Levinas, he stresses that such an experience is inseparable from love for a specific, embodied other. As his thought evolves, Hawthorne increasingly attributes feelings of vitality and realness to love and specific embodiment, and less to guilt. SN 0950-236X EI 1470-1308 PD NOV 26 PY 2019 VL 33 IS 10 SI SI BP 1673 EP 1688 DI 10.1080/0950236X.2019.1665918 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000487902000001 ER PT J AU Braun, GJ Potgieter, FJ AF Braun, Guilherme J. Potgieter, Ferdinand J. TI The worldview of the pilgrim and the foundation of a confessional and narrative philosophy of education SO HTS TEOLOGIESE STUDIES-THEOLOGICAL STUDIES AB In this article, we explore the worldview of the pilgrim and how it relates to the drama of human existence. The worldview of the pilgrim is the starting point in our explorations of the postmodern conundrum and interrelated subjects such as epistemology, ethics, religious symbolism, hospitality and practical life strategies from a narrative and confessional perspective. These elaborations will serve the ultimate goal of this article, which is to contribute to the philosophy of education (including educators and educationists) and consequently to equip individuals with skills and substantial knowledge that would allow them to understand, define and pursue their own life goals as well as to participate with integrity in their community as full-fledged, responsible citizens. SN 0259-9422 EI 2072-8050 PD NOV 25 PY 2019 VL 75 IS 4 AR a5805 DI 10.4102/hts.v75i4.5805 UT WOS:000500227300001 ER PT J AU Pong, HK Leung, CH Lung, CL AF Pong, Hok-Ko Leung, Chi Hung Lung, Ching-Leung TI Validating the Chinese-translated version of the Spiritual Health and Life-orientation Measure (SHALOM) amongst the Chinese youth populations in 2010 and 2018 SO JOURNAL OF BELIEFS & VALUES-STUDIES IN RELIGION & EDUCATION AB This cross-sectional study validated the Chinese-translated version of the Spiritual Health and Life-orientation Measure (SHALOM) in two samples of university students in Hong Kong. The first sample comprised 546 Chinese university students who were educated under the old educational system (i.e. 3 + 2 + 2 + 3 scheme) and are known as 'Generation Y'. Data for this sample were collected in 2010 for Fisher and Wong. The second sample involved 474 Chinese university students educated after educational reform in 2009 (i.e. 3 + 3 + 4 scheme) collected in 2018. Results in both years revealed high internal consistency. Whereas the SHALOM model proposes four domains of spirituality (personal, communal, environmental and transcendental), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a three-factor model provided the best fit to the data, with the personal and communal domains combined as one domain. This three-factor model was identified in both the 2010 and 2018 samples, and in both males and females. Findings indicated that compared to non-religious participants, religious participants had significantly higher scores in the transcendental domain of spiritual health on both the ideal values and lived experience subscales. The results are discussed in relation to Confucian philosophy. Future research on the spiritual health of youth in Hong Kong is suggested. OI LEUNG, Chi Hung/0000-0002-7469-5672 SN 1361-7672 EI 1469-9362 DI 10.1080/13617672.2019.1693823 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498364100001 ER PT J AU Syme, KL Hagen, EH AF Syme, Kristen L. Hagen, Edward H. TI Mental health is biological health: Why tackling "diseases of the mind" is an imperative for biological anthropology in the 21st century SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AB The germ theory of disease and the attendant public health initiatives, including sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotic treatment, led to dramatic increases in global life expectancy. As the prevalence of infectious disease declines, mental disorders are emerging as major contributors to the global burden of disease. Scientists understand little about the etiology of mental disorders, however, and many of the most popular psychopharmacological treatments, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, have only moderate-to-weak efficacy in treating symptoms and fail to target biological systems that correspond to discrete psychiatric syndromes. Consequently, despite dramatic increases in the treatment of some mental disorders, there has been no decrease in the prevalence of most mental disorders since accurate record keeping began. Many researchers and theorists are therefore endeavoring to rethink psychiatry from the ground-up. Anthropology, especially biological anthropology, can offer critical theoretical and empirical insights to combat mental illness globally. Biological anthropologists are unique in that we take a panhuman approach to human health and behavior and are trained to address each of Tinbergen's four levels of analysis as well as culture. The field is thus exceptionally well-situated to help resolve the mysteries of mental illness by integrating biological, evolutionary, and sociocultural perspectives. OI Hagen, Edward/0000-0002-5758-9093 SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 DI 10.1002/ajpa.23965 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498157200001 PM 31762015 ER PT J AU Spear, AD AF Spear, Andrew D. TI Breaking the epistemic pornography habit Cognitive biases, digital discourse environments, and moral exemplars SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & ETHICS IN SOCIETY AB Purpose This paper aims to analyze some of the epistemically pernicious effects of the use of the internet and social media. In light of this analysis, it introduces the concept of epistemic pornography and argues that epistemic agents both can and should avoid consuming and sharing epistemic pornography. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on research on epistemic virtue, cognitive biases, social media use and its epistemic consequences, fake news, paternalistic nudging, pornography, moral philosophy, moral elevation and moral exemplar theory to analyze the epistemically pernicious effects of the internet and social media. Findings There is a growing consensus that the internet and social media activate and enable human cognitive biases leading to what are here called "failures of epistemic virtue." Common formulations of this problem involve the concept of "fake news," and strategies for responding to the problem often have much in common with paternalistic "nudging." While fake news is a problem and the nudging approach holds out promise, the paper concludes that both place insufficient emphasis on the agency and responsibility of users on the internet and social media, and that nudging represents a necessary but not sufficient response. Originality/value The essay offers the concept of epistemic pornography as a concept distinct from but related to "fake news" - distinct precisely because it places greater emphasis on personal agency and responsibility, and following recent literature on moral elevation and moral exemplars, as a heuristic that agents might use to economize their efforts at resisting irrational cognitive biases and attempting to live up to their epistemic duties. SN 1477-996X EI 1758-8871 DI 10.1108/JICES-10-2019-0117 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000503050300001 ER PT J AU Davey, R AF Davey, Ryan TI Suspensory indebtedness: time, morality and power asymmetry in experiences of consumer debt SO ECONOMY AND SOCIETY AB The power asymmetries operating through debt include not only the domination of conduct and the extraction of wealth but also unequal struggles to define value. Long-term ethnographic fieldwork on a low-income housing estate in southern England revealed a 'suspensory' approach to debt, in which those who cannot afford to comply with their creditors' debt repayment demands suspend both the temporal point at which debts will end through repayment or enforcement and the dominant morality of repayment through amoral humour about being a bad debtor. This shows that the form of power asymmetry that debtors experience, if any, hinges on their relation to both the morality and temporality of repayment. SN 0308-5147 EI 1469-5766 DI 10.1080/03085147.2019.1652985 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000499310600001 ER PT J AU Higuera, CJR AF Higuera, Claudio Julio Rodriguez TI Some Challenges to the Evolutionary Status of Semiosis SO BIOSEMIOTICS AB The prevalent idea that semiosis is evolutionary is a driving point for biosemiotic research, starting from the Peircean premises of continuity and including a large number of views on how signs evolve. In this paper I wish to add a small pinch of skepticism to an otherwise productive point of view. Briefly, the question to be asked is: Is there any proper and fair connection between the logical abstraction of signs, genetic expressions interpreted as signs and the animal usage of signs? And how do we go about answering this? Instead of attempting a negative account of the possibility of an evolutionary view of biosemiosis, I will attempt to make an argument in favor of skepticism as a way to make a more fine-grained distinction across the areas where biosemiotic thinking seems to have some impact. The aim is then to find philosophical strategies to overcome this skepticism when possible, while also raising some awareness about the possible limits of current biosemiotics regarding the ideal evolutionary chain of signs. Ultimately, the idea is reexamining some core assumptions of the biosemiotic point of view at its most general, accounting for some possible ways in which theory may move forward. The potential incompatibility of theoretical standpoints between some of the different approaches that may be taken is, it will be argued, a desirable outcome for biosemiotic research. That is, the way we deal with the possible theories on the evolutionary continuity of signs will also affect our different research programs, and having a nuanced philosophical discussion on it can only contribute to the expansion and clarification of where different positions within biosemiotics currently stand. SN 1875-1342 EI 1875-1350 DI 10.1007/s12304-019-09366-8 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498107600001 ER PT J AU Shaery-Yazdi, R AF Shaery-Yazdi, Roschanack TI Acting historians: Historicism, memory, and performance among Lebanese former detainees from Syria SO HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY AB The nascent subfield of the anthropology of history criticizes the historicist bent of Western historiography and calls for attention to alternative historicizing practices, especially non-Western ones. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Beirut, I argue that former Lebanese and Palestinian detainees held in Syria have developed a range of such practices in order to have their testimonies about their detention taken seriously in Lebanon. Against a background of institutionalized amnesia and deep political and sectarian divisions, the state refuses to treat them as political detainees. Other publics are more sympathetic, but the ability of ex-detainees to persuade them is limited by these audiences' historicist presuppositions, particularly their expectations that detainees' accounts rely on a linear chronology with a clear progression from past to present and that detention narratives provide evidence that can be critically compared and corroborated. In this regard they also implicitly reject the model, bequeathed by the Holocaust, of the inarticulate victim as guarantor of a testimony's authenticity. Consequently, the anthropology of history should resist the temptation to map historicist and non-historicist forms of history onto a West/non-West split. SN 0275-7206 EI 1477-2612 DI 10.1080/02757206.2019.1695202 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498289100001 ER PT J AU Wei, FL AF Wei, Flora Liuying TI Analytic Practical Theory of Education and German Critical Padagogik: Comparing Their Critical Dimension SO STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION AB Two critical theories-both contemporaneous and complementary-in Western philosophy of education spanning the 1960s to the 1980s will first be explicated, and then their significant intellectual values will be discussed on the basis of such a comparative account. These two critical models are the practical theory of education in the Anglophone world (typically in the UK) and the critical theory of education in the Continental Germany. I will introduce them-namely, analytic practical educational theory and German critical padagogik-one after another, by focusing on their complementary differences, involving characteristic rationalities, typical forms of criticism, corresponding ways of exercising criticalities, and frames of reference regarding the sources of their criticalities. Based on such distinctions and contrasts, I will in the final section argue for their inherent value of coexistence, their practical value in illustrating the unique construction of academic educational studies which has respectively developed in the Anglo-American world and in the Continental world. As an additional point about their epistemic value to understand educational knowledge and scholarship accumulated in the West, I will further argue that these two philosophical-critical theories of education in parallel constitute peak academic experiences. This is mainly because they are compelling evidence, demonstrating how differently yet legitimately the two camps of Western educational scholarships deal with the same issue of criticality in contrasting yet complementary ways. SN 0039-3746 EI 1573-191X DI 10.1007/s11217-019-09696-7 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498101200001 ER PT J AU Chera, M AF Chera, Madeline TI Country chicken and multiple knowledges: Foucauldian resistance in young Tamil women's cultural critique of globalized food SO FOOD CULTURE & SOCIETY AB In the South Indian city of Madurai, young women indicate ambivalent feelings about emblems of food globalization like fried chicken restaurant KFC. Here, the criticism extends beyond the multi-national company into a dichotomy people maintain between industrially produced broiler chicken and the indigenous "country chicken" raised at smaller scales. In this article, I draw on Foucauldian concepts of knowledge, discourse, and power to explore comparisons Tamils in Madurai provided for valuing country chicken over broiler chicken, and the extent to which these comparisons level critiques against globalization. I focus my analysis on women college students, because of the unique salience that concerns about chicken's effects on the body have for them as women of reproductive age. I argue their critiques of broiler chicken reflect discourses based on scientific knowledge, itself a globalized lingua franca, but also in local knowledge. Drawing on both knowledges, young women criticize globalization of the food system and the neoliberal political economy intertwined with it. My deconstruction of the hybridized discourses that they use to formulate their critiques reveals implicit but clear resistance to these processes. However, it also exposes spaces where disciplinary power is exerted on these women and in the rest of Tamil society. SN 1552-8014 EI 1751-7443 DI 10.1080/15528014.2019.1682900 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000501516400001 ER PT J AU Ganbavale, SG Aukett, JW Gallagher, JE AF Ganbavale, Suruchi G. Aukett, James W. Gallagher, Jennifer E. TI Timings and skill mix in primary dental care: a pilot study SO BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL AB Aim The aim of this pilot study was to explore the time taken to complete key contemporary dental procedures by dentists and dental hygienists/therapists (DH/DTs) working in primary dental care and their views on the factors that influence the length of time taken to complete individual dental procedures. Materials and methods An exploratory mixed methods study of linear design, Involving a questionnaire survey followed by focus group discussions exploring time required to complete dental procedures and Influences, was conducted using a purposive sample of dental professionals working in primary dental care within the south east of England. Descriptive analysis of absolute timings was performed, together with thematic analysis of their reported influences. Results Twenty-nine dental professionals completed the questionnaire survey, 11 of whom participated in subsequent focus group discussions to explore the initial findings. While dentists reported higher average times and a wider range for clinical examination and treatment planning, DH/DTs reported spending longer on prevention. Average timings for restorations and extractions were similar across both professional groups. Perceived influences on the length of time required to complete dental procedures were patient complexity, system of care, type of remuneration system and philosophy of care emphasising quality, together with practice environment, Including the level of nursing support and surgery-location within the building; Individual clinician factors relating to the type of dental professional, their Interests and expertise were also Identified. Whilst there was general agreement amongst respondents over the range of Influencing factors, DH/DTs reported being particularly affected by the current type of remuneration system and level of support within practice. Conclusions Within the limits of a pilot study, this research suggests patterns in timings of the delivery of primary dental care procedures and identifies multiple diverse influences. Further research at national level is required to develop a deeper understanding of the time taken to deliver primary dental care and the impact of various influences to confirm the findings and inform human resource considerations in addressing population oral health needs. SN 0007-0610 EI 1476-5373 PD NOV 22 PY 2019 VL 227 IS 10 BP 907 EP 913 DI 10.1038/s41415-019-0938-7 UT WOS:000498842900035 PM 31758133 ER PT J AU Barron, N AF Barron, Nicholas TI Assembling 'Enduring Peoples,' mediating recognition: Anthropology, the Pascua Yaqui Indians, and the co-construction of ideas and politics SO HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY AB This article compares the concurrent development of Edward Spicer's theory of 'enduring peoples' and his political support for the federal recognition of the Pascua Yaqui Indians of Southern Arizona. This case illustrates how dynamic conceptions of acculturation and indigeneity dissipate in the face of recognition and more politically expedient narratives. SN 0275-7206 EI 1477-2612 DI 10.1080/02757206.2019.1695203 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498984000001 ER PT J AU Monaghan, PX AF Monaghan, P. X. TI God* does not exist: a novel logical problem of evil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION AB I often tell my students that the only thing that is not controversial in philosophy is that everything else in it is controversial. While this might be a bit of an exaggeration, it does contain a kernel of truth, as many exaggerations do: philosophy is a highly contentious discipline. So it is remarkable the extent to which there is agreement in the philosophy of religion amongst theists, agnostics, and atheists alike that John Mackie's argument for atheism is either invalid or unsound. As a result, the focus has entirely shifted from the logical problem of evil to the so-called evidential one. But I think that this is a mistake, not necessarily because I think Mackie's argument is sound, but rather because I reject an assumption made by apparently all parties to the debate, which is that there is only one logical problem of evil. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to defend a deductive argument that God* does not exist. As far as I can tell, the basic idea of this argument is a novel one: while Mackie's argument (and much of the discussion that occurs in its wake) has a more or less consequentialist framework, mine has a deontological one. The evil of which I will speak is that of our having been thrown into the world. SN 0020-7047 EI 1572-8684 DI 10.1007/s11153-019-09738-7 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498004500001 ER PT J AU Hope, S AF Hope, Simon TI Political Philosophy as Practical Philosophy: A Response to "Political Realism" SO JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY SN 0963-8016 EI 1467-9760 DI 10.1111/jopp.12209 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497907100001 ER PT J AU Walden, VG AF Walden, Victoria Grace TI What is 'virtual Holocaust memory'? SO MEMORY STUDIES AB As more Holocaust memorial and educational organizations engage with digital technologies, the notion of virtual Holocaust memory has come to the fore. However, while this term is generally used simply to describe digital projects, this paper seeks to re-evaluate the specificity of virtuality and its relationship to memory through the thinking of Gilles Deleuze and Henri Bergson in order to consider how both digital and non-digital memory projects related to the Holocaust might be described as drawing attention to the virtuality of memory because they bring us into critical interstitial spaces between multiple layers of pasts and present in embodied ways that encourage us to consciously recognize the movements towards temporal planes which characterize memory. After reviewing the philosophies of Deleuze and Bergson in light of collaborative Holocaust memory, this article considers a range of digital and physical memorials to assess where we might find examples of virtual Holocaust memory today. I propose that we should see the virtual as a methodology - a particular form of memory practice - rather than a medium. SN 1750-6980 EI 1750-6999 AR UNSP 1750698019888712 DI 10.1177/1750698019888712 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498084300001 ER PT J AU Benoit, C AF Benoit, Catherine TI Fortress Europe's far-flung borderlands: 'Illegality' and the 'deportation regime' in France's Caribbean and Indian Ocean territories SO MOBILITIES AB This article argues that the French overseas territories of the Caribbean and Indian Ocean, which are also European 'outermost regions,' make up the first borders of 'Fortress Europe,' geographically, historically and legislatively. Since the 1980s, a set of laws, described as 'laws of exception,' place the majority of the foreign residents in a state of 'illegality.' These overseas territories are in the vanguard of a French 'regime of deportation' that targets foreign nationals, indigenous populations and former colonial subjects. They are places of experimentation for legal exceptions, which are then implemented in metropolitan France. This paper will analyze how the reinforcement of borders contradicts the popular and scholarly representation of the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean as sites of mobility. SN 1745-0101 EI 1745-011X DI 10.1080/17450101.2019.1678909 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498370300001 ER PT J AU Ho, HT AF Ho, Hao-Tzu TI Cosmopolitan locavorism: global local-food movements in postcolonial Hong Kong SO FOOD CULTURE & SOCIETY AB This ethnographic study examines how "locavorism," or food localism, is articulated in the under-studied context of Hong Kong. Influences from diverse cultures and social systems brought about by colonization and transnational financial activities have created a mosaic of "Western" and "Eastern" traditions in this land-starved metropolis, rendering it an unlikely setting to preach about "eating locally" and going "back-to-the-land." However, localism and the discourse of reviving agriculture began to burgeon a few years after the 1997 handover. Against the backdrop of this oxymoron, this research investigates and compares ideas of young urban farmers and food activists to other interpretations of localness. By examining multi-vocality, this paper engages with debates surrounding cosmopolitanism and conceptualizes an analytical perspective, which I refer to here as cosmopolitan locavorism. This concept is proposed to argue that locavorism in Hong Kong is distinct from defensive localism, the cultural consumption of globetrotting elites, or an urban fascination with rural lifestyles. It simultaneously signifies trans-local connections and human-land bonds, mobilizing a cultural critique of local neoliberal governmentality rather than allying with anti-globalization or "anti-China" sentiments. In this context, "local food" embodies place-based experiences instead of a place-bounded state of mind. SN 1552-8014 EI 1751-7443 DI 10.1080/15528014.2019.1682886 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497571000001 ER PT J AU De Villiers-Botha, T AF De Villiers-Botha, Tanya TI Haidt et al.'s case for moral pluralism revisited SO PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY AB Recent work in moral psychology, claiming to show that human beings make moral judgments on the basis of multiple, divergent moral foundations, has been influential in both moral psychology and moral philosophy. Primarily, such work has been taken to undermine monistic moral theories, especially those pertaining to the prevention of harm. Here, I call into question one of the most prominent and influential empirical cases for moral pluralism, namely that of Jonathan Haidt and his colleagues. I argue that Haidt et al.'s argument is not as strong as it is often made out to be, given significant problems with the design of one of the key experiments used to ground the claim that there are divergent moral foundations across cultures. The flaws that I point out pose a significant challenge to Haidt et al.'s findings, and they have a detrimental impact on subsequent work based on this immensely influential experiment. Accordingly, I argue that both empirical and normative claims made on the basis of Haidt et al.'s findings should be treated with caution. I conclude by suggesting how some of these problems might be addressed. SN 0951-5089 EI 1465-394X DI 10.1080/09515089.2019.1688776 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497212700001 ER PT J AU Bodavula, A Yadav, R Guven, U AF Bodavula, Aslesha Yadav, Rajesh Guven, Ugur TI Numerical investigation of the unsteady aerodynamics of NACA 0012 with suction surface protrusion SO AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of surface protrusions on the flow unsteadiness of NACA 0012 at a Reynolds number of 100,000. Design/methodology/approach Effect of protrusions is investigated through numerical simulation of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations using a finite volume solver. Turbulent stresses are resolved through the transition Shear stress transport (four-equation) turbulence model. Findings The small protrusion located at 0.05c and 0.1c significantly improve the lift coefficient by up to 36% in the post-stall regime. It also alleviates the leading edge stall. The larger protrusions increase the drag significantly along with significant degradation of lift characteristics in the pre-stall regime as well. The smaller protrusions also increase the frequency of the vortex shedding. Originality/value The effect of macroscopic protrusions or deposits in rarely investigated. The delay in stall shown by smaller protrusions can be beneficial to micro aerial vehicles. The smaller protrusions increase the frequency of the vortex shedding, and hence, can be used as a tool to enhance energy production for energy harvesters based on vortex-induced vibrations and oscillating wing philosophy. SN 1748-8842 EI 1758-4213 PD NOV 21 PY 2019 VL 92 IS 2 BP 186 EP 200 DI 10.1108/AEAT-01-2019-0022 UT WOS:000508436100001 ER PT J AU Linton, C AF Linton, Charlotte TI "Making It For Our Country": An Ethnography of Mud-Dyeing on Amami Oshima Island SO TEXTILE-CLOTH AND CULTURE AB Based on one year of fieldwork on Amami Oshima island, southern Japan, this paper explores how traditional craft industries navigate the paradox between preservation and innovation. By focusing on dorozome (mud-dyeing), a process used in the production of the Amamian kimono cloth Oshima tsumugi, I look at how the skills embedded in this traditional but financially troubled industry evolve. I discuss the internal resistance to change that craftspeople experience locally, while concurrently facing external pressure from bureaucrats overseeing cultural preservation. I use the example of the dyeing company Kanai Kougei to show how they have responded to shifts in consumer culture, countering economic downturn through embracing innovation and diversity. This case study questions the very notion of tradition, by demonstrating that traditional craft practices in Japan have incorporated innovation throughout their development, often instigated by changing political, economic or technological circumstances. I argue that the current manifestation of dyeing practices in Amami are part of the ongoing evolution of local textile traditions. These have the potential to support economic and social sustainability at the site of production, and the wants of a global market looking for more environmentally sustainable commodities. SN 1475-9756 EI 1751-8350 DI 10.1080/14759756.2019.1690837 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000501426700001 ER PT J AU Guerrini, CJ Lewellyn, M Majumder, MA Trejo, M Canfield, I McGuire, AL AF Guerrini, Christi J. Lewellyn, Meaganne Majumder, Mary A. Trejo, Meredith Canfield, Isabel McGuire, Amy L. TI Donors, authors, and owners: how is genomic citizen science addressing interests in research outputs? SO BMC MEDICAL ETHICS AB Background Citizen science is increasingly prevalent in the biomedical sciences, including the field of human genomics. Genomic citizen science initiatives present new opportunities to engage individuals in scientific discovery, but they also are provoking new questions regarding who owns the outputs of the research, including intangible ideas and discoveries and tangible writings, tools, technologies, and products. The legal and ethical claims of participants to research outputs become stronger-and also more likely to conflict with those of institution-based researchers and other stakeholders-as participants become more involved, quantitatively and qualitatively, in the research process. It is not yet known, however, how genomic citizen science initiatives are managing the interests of their participants in accessing and controlling research outputs in practice. To help fill this gap, we conducted an in-depth review of relevant policies and practices of U.S.-based genomic citizen science initiatives. Methods We queried the peer-reviewed literature and grey literature to identify 22 genomic citizen science initiatives that satisfied six inclusion criteria. A data collection form was used to capture initiative features, policies, and practices relevant to participants' access to and control over research outputs. Results This analysis revealed that the genomic citizen science landscape is diverse and includes many initiatives that do not have institutional affiliations. Two trends that are in apparent tension were identified: commercialization and operationalization of a philosophy of openness. While most initiatives supported participants' access to research outputs, including datasets and published findings, none supported participants' control over results via intellectual property, licensing, or commercialization rights. However, several initiatives disclaimed their own rights to profit from outputs. Conclusions There are opportunities for citizen science initiatives to incorporate more features that support participants' access to and control over research outputs, consistent with their specific objectives, operations, and technical capabilities. SN 1472-6939 PD NOV 21 PY 2019 VL 20 IS 1 AR 84 DI 10.1186/s12910-019-0419-1 UT WOS:000499940300002 PM 31752834 ER PT J AU McLean, PD AF McLean, Paul D. TI The management of chance in renaissance florence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL SOCIOLOGY AB The idea of chance, and more specifically, distinctive ways of managing chance, played a decisive role in shaping Renaissance Florentine culture, humanist philosophy, everyday Florentine practices, and Florentine social institutions. Humanist discourse around the notion of fortuna labored to reconcile the evident existence of fortuitous events with Christian understandings of the orderliness and goodness of the world. With Alberti and Machiavelli, chance becomes more capricious and less embedded within a specifically Christian cosmology, pointing the way to more modern understandings of the interplay of contingency and agency. Meanwhile, we see significant management of risk in commercial life, modifications to the rule of selecting office-holders by lot in political life, and techniques for managing the fatefulness of social interaction within Florence's patronage-based social system, all of which suggest the importance of chance in structuring key Florentine social institutions. Overall, Florence exhibited neither primitive nor fully modern methods of theorizing chance, complicating simplistic binary understandings of what was in fact a complex cognitive shift across historical epochs. SN 2049-7113 EI 2049-7121 DI 10.1057/s41290-019-00093-8 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497883800001 ER PT J AU Ross, A AF Ross, Annie TI Indigenous Bioregionalisms (Love Mother Earth) Relationship, Creation, Ethics, Love SO CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER-GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN AB Indigenous Bioregionalisms (Love Mother Earth) are identities, methods, and philosophies defining our relationships between beloved Home Land Place and all Living Beings (written here as Home/Land/Place). Indigenous Bioregionalisms actively creates, maintains, and ensures the continuance and thrive-ance of all Beings. It proposes a way to understand Indigenous belonging to and with Home/Land/Place-the expansive physical, natural, and SuperNatural source of life, transformance, and regeneration-of every Being. SN 0008-3658 EI 1541-0064 DI 10.1111/cag.12579 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497854100001 ER PT J AU Yao, YY AF Yao, Yiyu TI Tri-level thinking: models of three-way decision SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING AND CYBERNETICS AB The underlying philosophy of three-way decision is thinking in threes, namely, understanding and processing a whole through three distinct and related parts. One can formulate many concrete models of three-way decision to account for different interpretations of the three parts. By interpreting the three parts as three levels, this paper investigates tri-level thinking to build concrete models of three-way decision. We examine some fundamental issues and basic ingredients of tri-level thinking. In accordance with the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy, we present a perception-cognition-action (PCA) tri-level conceptual model that is applicable to studying intelligent data analytics, intelligent systems, and human understanding. RI Yao, Yiyu/B-2926-2008 OI Yao, Yiyu/0000-0001-6502-6226 SN 1868-8071 EI 1868-808X DI 10.1007/s13042-019-01040-2 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498140000001 ER PT J AU Chu, I Moore, G AF Chu, Irene Moore, Geoff TI From Harmony to Conflict: MacIntyrean Virtue Ethics in a Confucian Tradition SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS AB This paper explores whether MacIntyrean virtue ethics concepts are applicable in non-Western business contexts, specifically in SMEs in Taiwan, a country strongly influenced by the Confucian tradition. It also explores what differences exist between different polities in this respect, and specifically interprets observed differences between the Taiwanese study and previous studies conducted in Europe and Asia. Based on case study research, the findings support the generalizability of the MacIntyrean framework. Drawing on the institutional logics perspective and synthesizing this with MacIntyrean concepts, the paper explains the differences between the studies largely by reference to the Confucian tradition operating at both the micro-level within firms and at the macro-level as a means of harmonizing the potentially competing institutional logics to which firms are subject. The recent weakening of this tradition, however, suggests that increased conflict may characterize the future. SN 0167-4544 EI 1573-0697 DI 10.1007/s10551-019-04305-6 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497857400002 ER PT J AU Martins, NO AF Martins, Nuno Ornelas TI Adam Smith and Catholic Social Teaching SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS AB The connections between Adam Smith and Catholic Social Teaching (CST) raise several questions. The principle of subsidiarity adopted in CST, according to which higher associations should not replace subordinate organizations on what the latter can do, seems to be in line with the idea that governmental intervention in the market sphere should be restricted to the minimum required, in line with what is typically seen as Smith's view. But the principle of the common good would also recommend intervention from political authorities in order to ensure that the common good is achieved. Here I shall argue that this question must be addressed taking into account another principle of CST, the principle of solidarity, and also the basic principle of CST, regarding human dignity. To do so, it is necessary to understand how the various principles of CST spring from the notion of imago Dei in CST, which is behind the notion of human dignity. This leads to a relational conception of human beings which can be fruitfully articulated with Smith's moral philosophy and political economy. RI Martins, Nuno/B-6012-2009 OI Martins, Nuno/0000-0001-7966-6435 SN 0167-4544 EI 1573-0697 DI 10.1007/s10551-019-04366-7 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497857400001 ER PT J AU Eccles, RG Lee, LE Stroehle, JC AF Eccles, Robert G. Lee, Linda-Eling Stroehle, Judith C. TI The Social Origins of ESG: An Analysis of Innovest and KLD SO ORGANIZATION & ENVIRONMENT AB This article uses the study of two environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data vendors-KLD and Innovest-to exemplify the "social origins of ESG issues" argument made by Eccles and Stroehle in their 2018 working paper "Exploring Social Origins in the Construction of ESG Measures." Based on in-depth interviews with the organizations' founders and historical document analysis, we recap the history of the cases and show how different origins, philosophies, and "purposes" of ESG issues shaped the methods and data characteristics of two of the most important data vendors of their time. We discuss why MSCI chose to continue with the financial value-oriented methodology of Innovest while discontinuing the values-driven KLD methodology. Through an in-depth literature analysis, we further show that not only the creation but also the use of "nonfinancial performance" concepts rely on processes of social construction. We also show that investors use different ESG data from those used by academics, potentially leading to misaligned narratives. Finally, with this article we join the call for more explicit contextualization of ESG data, highlighting that both practitioners and academics need to better understand the social construction that underlies analyses that use different concepts of ESG. SN 1086-0266 EI 1552-7417 AR UNSP 1086026619888994 DI 10.1177/1086026619888994 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498743500001 ER PT J AU Truffelli, M Zambernardi, L AF Truffelli, Matteo Zambernardi, Lorenzo TI Taking Modernity to Extremes: On the Roots of Anti-Politics SO POLITICAL STUDIES REVIEW AB The term anti-politics has been used in recent years as never before. However, the concept is used to describe political phenomena and actors that appear at first sight to be mutually exclusive. Starting from the difficulties in defining anti-politics, the main goal of the article is to elucidate its intellectual roots, showing that it is a kind of shadow of modern politics, mirroring its many forms. From an examination of Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy, it will be shown that anti-politics was born at a moment when politics was no longer seen as a natural condition of social life, but an artificial construct that can be dismantled and reassembled. By no means coincidentally, the main manifestations of anti-politics are nothing but the radical and destructive reinterpretation of what Max Weber identifies as the three "inner justifications" of political authority (i.e. tradition, charisma, competence). Although Weber lays down those principles as underpinning political authority in ancient and modern times, the contention of this article is that they can only be used to deny the legitimacy of politics once this comes to be seen as an artifice that can be taken to pieces and put together again: in short, in the modern era. OI ZAMBERNARDI, LORENZO/0000-0003-3232-5320 SN 1478-9299 EI 1478-9302 AR UNSP 1478929919887345 DI 10.1177/1478929919887345 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497926400001 ER PT J AU Sumbul, T Spellen, S McLemore, MR AF Sumbul, Tijen Spellen, Solaire McLemore, Monica R. TI A Transdisciplinary Conceptual Framework of Contextualized Resilience for Reducing Adverse Birth Outcomes SO QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH AB Research in preterm birth has focused on the disparate outcomes for Black, Hispanic, and Latina women as compared with White women. However, research studies have not focused on centering these women in frameworks that discuss how resilience is embodied. This article is a presentation of our transdisciplinary contextual framework of resilience, building on work that centers Black, Hispanic, and Latina women, as well as historical oppression and trauma resilience frameworks developed by transcultural psychiatry, psychology, public health, anthropology, medicine, nursing, sociology, and social work. To develop the model, we reviewed 115 articles and books (1977-2019), which were then evaluated and synthesized to develop a transdisciplinary framework of contextualized resilience to enable a better understanding of the complex interplay of medical and social conditions influencing preterm birth. The framework includes multiple ecological layers that cross the individual, familial and intimate, community, structural, policy and law, and hegemonic domains. OI , Tijen/0000-0002-6638-3636 SN 1049-7323 EI 1552-7557 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 105 EP 118 AR UNSP 1049732319885369 DI 10.1177/1049732319885369 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498118200001 PM 31752598 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, GS Raja, V Chemero, A AF de Oliveira, Guilherme Sanches Raja, Vicente Chemero, Anthony TI Radical embodied cognitive science and "Real Cognition" SO SYNTHESE AB A persistent criticism of radical embodied cognitive science is that it will be impossible to explain "real cognition" without invoking mental representations. This paper provides an account of explicit, real-time thinking of the kind we engage in when we imagine counter-factual situations, remember the past, and plan for the future. We first present a very general non-representational account of explicit thinking, based on pragmatist philosophy of science. We then present a more detailed instantiation of this general account drawing on nonlinear dynamics and ecological psychology. RI Raja, Vicente/AAE-4351-2020 OI Raja, Vicente/0000-0001-5780-9052 SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 DI 10.1007/s11229-019-02475-4 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497792000001 ER PT J AU Richard, S AF Richard, Stanislas TI Sieyes and Marx in Paris SO CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL THEORY AB Work occupies a central place in most people's lives, yet a secondary one in most of political philosophy. This article attempts to show the negative theoretical consequences of this neglect by taking the example of the concept of constituent power as it appears in the writings of Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes and Karl Marx. Both authors conceived it as made up of the working classes. This, however, makes them both run into the same paradox: how to politically represent a class that is characterised by a non-political activity - work? I argue that neither of them gives a satisfactory response since both rely on an implausible account of objective class interests based on fragile grounds. I conclude by showing that the political representation of workers is a theoretical and practical problem that the concept of constituent power is unable to resolve. SN 1470-8914 EI 1476-9336 DI 10.1057/s41296-019-00370-8 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497809900001 ER PT J AU McNamara, B AF McNamara, Brendan TI Eliding the Esoteric: R. J. Campbell and Early Twentieth Century Protestant Discourse in Britain SO JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY AB R. J. Campbell was arguably the most renowned British religious figure of his generation, a prominent promoter of reform as a leader of non-conforming Protestantism in Britain at the turn of the twentieth century. He is generally regarded as a promulgator of pre-war optimism, a universalist who courted personal fame and who sparked an intra-Protestant sectarian crisis when he initiated a new reformist movement, the "New Theology." Most of the analysis, including Campbell's suspect retrospective memoir, treat this religious ferment as rooted in Protestant/Christian perturbation. This perspective does not allow for a wider consideration of the vibrant religious milieu of enquiry then in vogue which brought Campbell into contact with a variety of esoteric ideas and philosophies and their interlocutors. Absent this focus, important figures participating in that religious colloquy are marginalised. My article seeks to fill out the commonly accepted version of events. Material not previously examined is interrogated towards illuminating Campbell's wider interests. It postulates that Campbell was one of a number of contributors to a broad discussion on religious ideas and their relationship to Christianity, one of a number of figures shaped by, as much as shaping, the contemporary discursive environment. OI McNamara, Brendan/0000-0002-9832-5246 SN 0022-4227 EI 1467-9809 DI 10.1111/1467-9809.12629 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497474500001 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, T Chatterjee, C Chatterjee, SC AF Bhattacharyya, Tulika Chatterjee, Chandrima Chatterjee, Suhita Chopra TI Health delivery system for older adults in academic campus in India SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GOVERNANCE AB Purpose Residential academic campuses generally support a skewed population profile that favours a younger population, mainly the student community, and thereby marginalize the needs of the older people staying within the campus. Health delivery systems are often not in accordance with the needs of staff members co-habiting with their aged parents and relatives as well as older staff members themselves. This poses a serious problem, especially in India, where filial piety is a norm and many employees cohabit with their parents. Moreover, the Government of India has reformulated its retirement policy under which the age for superannuation of teaching staff has been enhanced. This in turn, has raised the older-younger ratio in campuses in recent years. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach To address these issues, a household survey was carried out on older people staying in a residential academic campus of India followed by a focus group discussion with family caregivers of the older people. Findings It was found that older people were a marginalized group in campus, as health delivery system and allied facilities were not consistent with their needs. As a result, they and their family caregivers faced various challenges. Originality/value This is the first study exploring the possibility of academic campuses in India to emerge as alternate sites for supporting older care. SN 2059-4631 PD NOV 21 PY 2019 VL 24 IS 4 SI SI BP 310 EP 322 DI 10.1108/IJHG-06-2019-0042 UT WOS:000491087800008 ER PT J AU Althusser, L AF Althusser, Louis TI Philosophy and Social Science: Introducing Bourdieu and Passeron SO THEORY CULTURE & SOCIETY AB This text derives from a recording, and transcripts, of the introduction which Althusser gave on 6 December 1963, to a seminar for students in the ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, offered at his invitation by Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron. Althusser takes the opportunity to raise questions about the status of social science and suggests that Bourdieu and Passeron represent slightly different strands of contemporary research practice, partly as a result of their different formation and practice since themselves leaving the ecole. Althusser first considers the relation between the human sciences and the traditionally instituted Faculty of Letters or Humanities. What is the origin of the compulsion to constitute a science of human relations? Given that the social sciences have established themselves, Althusser then tries to define their nature. He suggests that they have three forms: as abstract and general theory, as ethnology, and as empirical sociology. He discusses the pros and cons of each in some detail. Althusser then asks what are the features which constitute sciences and concludes that they must always possess discrete theoretical perspectives corresponding with discrete components of reality but must also possess an element of self-referentiality or, as he puts it, must be objects to themselves. Althusser suggests that his contemporary social sciences are not philosophically adequate by the criteria which he advances. He proceeds to introduce Bourdieu and Passeron in such a way as to invite consideration of whether their practices meet his criteria. SN 0263-2764 EI 1460-3616 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 36 IS 7-8 BP 5 EP 21 AR UNSP 0263276419873373 DI 10.1177/0263276419873373 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497913800001 ER PT J AU Simon, B AF Simon, Bernd TI A new perspective on intergroup conflict: The social psychology of politicized struggles for recognition SO THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY AB The article offers a new perspective on intergroup conflict. While building on social psychological foundations laid down in self-categorization theory, it is also critically informed by and incorporates insights from the neighboring disciplines of social, political, and moral philosophy. The new perspective is organized around the principal working hypothesis that many intergroup conflicts, especially those in modern, culturally diverse societies, can be fruitfully understood as politicized struggles for recognition. In addition, four more specific corollary hypotheses are proposed concerning polarization, respected collective identity, embedded dual identity, and tolerance. The new perspective shifts researchers' attention to the multi-level nature of intergroup conflict and to the novel concepts of recognition and identity as a different equal. SN 0959-3543 EI 1461-7447 AR UNSP 0959354319887227 DI 10.1177/0959354319887227 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497606200001 ER PT J AU Walter, C AF Walter, Christian TI The Brownian Motion in Finance: An Epistemological Puzzle SO TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AB While in medicine, comparison of the data supplied by a clinical syndrome with the data supplied by the biological system is used to arrive at the most accurate diagnosis, the same cannot be said of financial economics: the accumulation of statistical results that contradict the Brownian hypothesis used in risk modelling, combined with serious empirical problems in the practical implementation of the Black-Scholes-Merton model, the benchmark theory of mathematical finance founded on the Brownian hypothesis, has failed to change the Brownian representation, which has endured for more than fifty years despite the extent of its invalidation by experience. Without any statistical foundations, one mathematical representation (Brownian motion) has become the established approach, acting in the minds of practitioners as a "prenotion" in the sense the word is used by Durkheim (The rules of sociological method: and selected texts on sociology and its method, Free Press, New York, 1894), i.e. a "schematic, summary representation" which has produced a kind of spontaneous epistemology. The question arises of the persistence of this mathematical (Brownian) representation, which has been the basis for every financial risk modelling approach: how can its long life be explained? How was this spontaneous epistemology formed, and why did it prove to be so persistent? To address this question and offer an answer, I will test the various dynamics of scientific knowledge used with reference to financial modelling. All these dynamics are specific ways of describing the relationship between knowledge of a phenomenon (here, the representation of a stock market dynamic) and the phenomenon itself (here, stock price fluctuations). Observing that it is impossible for the positivist approach to solve the financial puzzle, I turn to the three principal postpositivist dynamics, developed by Kuhn, Lakatos and Quine. I shall try to make to speak these representations of science for financial research, in order to reflect on the dominance of the Brownian representation in finance. We shall see that none of the epistemologies examined can explain why the Brownian representation continues to be used in mathematical finance research. I shall then propose an alternative hypothesis, concerning a significant pervading mental model that has irrigated both academics and practitioners in the financial sector: the "principle of continuity" introduced into economics by Marshall in (Principles of economics, Macmillan, London, 1890). I consider that this principle of continuity has become a "persistent idea" in the form of a viral approach to representations, and I give this persistent idea the metaphorical name of the "Brownian virus". Then, to explain the spread of this Brownian virus through the financial sector, the contamination of financial practices by this mental representation founded on the principle of continuity, I introduce the concept of the "financial Logos", a discourse that structures practices and organisations, calculations, prudential regulations and accounting standards, leading to a general financialisation of society from the 1980s onwards. SN 0167-7411 EI 1572-8749 DI 10.1007/s11245-019-09660-7 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497418600001 ER PT J AU Fisher, A Tallant, J AF Fisher, Andrew Tallant, Jonathan TI Trust in education SO EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY AB The philosophy of trust is a relatively small subfield. Nonetheless, it contains within it many important insights. Our contention in this paper is that careful study of this subfield can bring with it many insights that can and should be used to reconsider a variety of arguments that have been brought forward in the literature on the philosophy of education and other areas of educational research. Our focus is largely destructive in section 2 of the paper. We object to two recent papers from the philosophy of education literature arguing that they fail to recognise important insights from the philosophical literature on trust. In section 3 we say something more positive, noting the routes forward. SN 0013-1857 EI 1469-5812 DI 10.1080/00131857.2019.1692304 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497867100001 ER PT J AU Hirslund, DV AF Hirslund, Dan V. TI Brokering labour: The politics of markets in the Kathmandu construction industry SO ETHNOGRAPHY AB Although there is a rich tradition for labour studies in anthropology, little attention has so far been paid to the markets that connect prospective employees with places of work. In this article, I show that places of labour mobilization become sites of brokerage that index the complicated politics through which labour is rendered available to industry, particular in the context of non-formalized employment relations. Utilizing a political economic framework, I locate contemporary informal construction labour within the larger histories of employment that have characterized the Nepali state's integration into the global economy. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Kathmandu, the article traces processes of dislocation and differentiation for construction labourers as they struggle to secure work and argues for the role precarious workers themselves play as brokers of their labour power as a protection mechanism against experiences of exploitation. SN 1466-1381 EI 1741-2714 AR UNSP 1466138119886601 DI 10.1177/1466138119886601 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497618200001 ER PT J AU Grey, CTS AF Grey, Carmody T. S. TI 'The Only Creature God Willed For Its Own Sake': Anthropocentrism in Laudato Si' and Gaudium et Spes SO MODERN THEOLOGY AB The Second Vatican Council's constitution Gaudium et Spes stated that man is 'the only creature on earth that God has willed for its own sake'. Post-conciliar Catholic teaching on the environment largely reproduced this anthropocentric theology. Pope Francis' encyclical letter Laudato Si', however, appears directly to contradict this well-established tradition with its repeated assertions of the intrinsic value of nonhuman life and its critical approach to the term 'anthropocentrism'. Questioning this putative discontinuity, this article challenges the perception that Laudato Si' has definitively rejected anthropocentrism. It suggests that the claim for the intrinsic value of nonhuman life, and the traditional assertion that man is the only creature willed for its own sake, can be seen to converge in light of the traditional theological anthropology of the human being as microcosm. On this view, the centrality of the human person in the order of creation is constituted by its gathering up of the sakes of creatures. The distinctive place of the human does not come at the expense of the rest of creation, but rather is the means of creation's movement towards the unity and harmony to which God calls it. Laudato Si' is distinguished not by its rejection of anthropocentrism, but by its refusal to set human and nonhuman over against one another. In contrast, the language of 'intrinsic value' is criticised for conceiving created value as a zero-sum game, as though human and nonhuman value are in competition with one another; the language of 'stewardship' is criticised for its extrinsicist conception of the human being in the natural order. SN 0266-7177 EI 1468-0025 DI 10.1111/moth.12588 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496877600001 ER PT J AU Aboagye-Nimo, E Wood, H Collison, J AF Aboagye-Nimo, Emmanuel Wood, Hannah Collison, Jodie TI Complexity of women's modern-day challenges in construction SO ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT AB Purpose Although the UK construction sector has enjoyed a significant rise in the number of women joining the industry, there is undoubtedly more room for improvement. Numerous schemes have been initiated by government and other professional bodies to encourage more women to undertake a career in construction. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the organisational complexities of problems faced by women working in professional roles in construction. It thus initiates a dialogue on the lack of workplace flexibility and discriminatory practices that prevent many more women from joining. Design/methodology/approach A phenomenological philosophy is adopted. The research critically explores the views of women working in professional roles in six large construction firms in England. Findings It was widely acknowledged that the industry had improved significantly, however there are still concerns yet to be addressed. It was identified that women face new challenges when they attain senior roles. Furthermore, it is believed that the current glass ceiling theory and leaky pipeline theory are not adequate to study these issues. Research limitations/implications - Sample size and narrow focus on large construction firms are the limitations of the paper. Practical implications - Through academic and industry dissemination, the findings from this research encourage both men and women working in the construction industry to adopt inclusive practices that will help widen the pool of knowledge and expertise. Social implications This paper sheds light on a problem that is assumed to be eradicated once women progress to senior management roles. Originality/value This research presents an in-depth critical perspective of challenges faced by women construction professionals occupying decision-making positions. SN 0969-9988 EI 1365-232X PD NOV 18 PY 2019 VL 26 IS 11 SI SI BP 2550 EP 2565 DI 10.1108/ECAM-09-2018-0421 UT WOS:000494047700004 ER PT J AU Kwon, JH AF Kwon, June Hee TI Rhythms of ?Free? movement: migrants' bodies and time under South Korean visa regime SO JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION STUDIES AB In 2005 the South Korean government granted a large-scale amnesty to the most predominant undocumented migrant group in the country, Korean Chinese. This change quickly caused Korean Chinese migrants to be exposed to new rhythms of transnational life imposed by work visa time limits. How do the rhythms of migration and temporal regulation ? how long to stay and how often to move around ? shape and reshape transnational working bodies and transnational spaces subjected to human flows and fluctuations? I argue that rhythms of ?free? movement strongly condition the migrants' temporal relationships with places and affect their ethnic working-class subjectivity. This case study of post-amnesty Korean Chinese migrant female workers contributes to research on the actual material forces of transnational temporality as well the visceral dimension of transnational migration, where state-imposed rhythms intersect with market-driven rhythms to reconfigure transnational time?space linkages, transnational bodies, and thereby transnational subjectivities, through rhythms of ?free? movement. SN 1369-183X EI 1469-9451 PD NOV 18 PY 2019 VL 45 IS 15 BP 2953 EP 2970 DI 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1482740 UT WOS:000494045400011 ER PT J AU Bossart, JL Gonzalez, SR Bharti, N AF Bossart, Jean Louise Gonzalez, Sara Russell Bharti, Neelam TI Retrospective analysis of a sustainable 3D printing service in an academic library SO LIBRARY HI TECH AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability of an academic library 3D printing service. Originally intended to introduce students to an emerging technology, the 3D printing service at the University of Florida (UF) libraries expanded to support teaching, learning and research, allowing faculty, staff and students to engage in the maker movement. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzed usage data collected by the library's 3D printing service from April 2014 through March 2018. These data include the number of prints produced, amount of filament consumed, user academic demographics and whether it is for academic assignments, research or personal projects. Findings The data show that the initial 3D printing service users were predominantly engineering students; however, over the four-year period, the service has built up a consistent and diverse user base and expanded the number and types of printers. With grants covering the purchase of the 3D printers and a modest charge for printing ($0.15 per gram of model weight), the 3D printing service has achieved a sustainable level. Originality/value UF was one of the first academic libraries to offer 3D printing services and has collected four years of data to evaluate the sustainability of the service. These data demonstrate that the service is a valuable and sustainable asset, allowing students and researchers to visualize and innovate in such diverse fields as anthropology, archaeology, art, biology, chemistry and mathematics. SN 0737-8831 PD NOV 18 PY 2019 VL 37 IS 4 BP 669 EP 678 DI 10.1108/LHT-12-2018-0196 UT WOS:000492420200003 ER PT J AU Rampasso, IS Anholon, R da Silva, D Ordonez, REC Quelhas, OLG AF Rampasso, Izabela S. Anholon, Rosley da Silva, Dirceu Ordonez, Robert E. C. Quelhas, Osvaldo L. G. TI Maturity analysis of manufacturing cells SO PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL AB The main objective of this exploratory research was to develop and validate a model to measure the maturity of manufacturing cells that operate according to the lean philosophy. A theoretical model was constructed based on parameters from the literature and information provided by a panel of experts. Using a questionnaire based on this theoretical model, a survey of 101 cell managers was carried out and the data collected were analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that the maturity of a manufacturing cell can be measured using the three constructs 'Employee Knowledge and Skills', 'Quality and Continuous Improvement' and 'Cell Configuration'. Of these, the second had the greatest impact on cell maturity. The results also show that a fourth construct, 'Leadership, Autonomy and Communication', influences maturity indirectly. These findings may be used by managers of manufacturing cells and by researchers. RI ; Simon Rampasso, Izabela/H-1755-2018; QUELHAS, OSVALDO/I-8171-2017; Cooper Ordonez, Robert Eduardo/G-6818-2019 OI Anholon, Rosley/0000-0003-3163-6119; Simon Rampasso, Izabela/0000-0003-1633-6628; QUELHAS, OSVALDO/0000-0001-6816-1677; Cooper Ordonez, Robert Eduardo/0000-0003-4935-5075 SN 0953-7287 EI 1366-5871 PD NOV 18 PY 2019 VL 30 IS 15 BP 1250 EP 1264 DI 10.1080/09537287.2019.1612108 UT WOS:000483780600003 ER PT J AU Kurban, CF AF Kurban, Caroline Fell TI Designing effective, contemporary assessment on a flipped educational sciences course SO INTERACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS AB Evidence shows flipped learning increases academic performance and student satisfaction. Yet, often practitioners flip instruction but keep traditional curricula and assessment. Assessment in higher education is often via written exams. But these provide limited feedback and do not ask students to put knowledge into practice. This does not support the tenets of flipped learning. For two years, the author flipped instruction but retained traditional curricula and assessment. However, on the author's current course, all three aspects were redesigned to better support flipped learning. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of this redesign regarding student engagement and satisfaction. Thus, it is asked: How, on this course, can meaningful, continuous assessment be provided as well as effective, personalized feedback, while staying in line with the philosophy of flipped learning? Action research took place from September 2016 to June 2017. Quantitative data from a student survey, and qualitative data from a research diary and student focus group were gathered. What emerged is: a little-and-often assessment approach is effective for learning and engagement; tasks must be authentic and test demonstration of knowledge, not memory; quality, not quantity, is key for student learning; and students desire individualized feedback. OI Fell Kurban, Caroline/0000-0002-2213-9711 SN 1049-4820 EI 1744-5191 PD NOV 17 PY 2019 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 1143 EP 1159 DI 10.1080/10494820.2018.1522650 UT WOS:000487635400011 ER PT J AU Geerlings, L Lundberg, A AF Geerlings, Lennie Lundberg, Anita TI "That's the World Standard": A Critical Ethnography of "Universal" Knowledge SO ANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY AB This paper analyzes how knowledge is reproduced as "universal" in contemporary higher education and how this production of universality influences the application of knowledge. Using a case study of clinical psychology, it describes the results of over two years of ethnographic fieldwork in a university and professional settings in Singapore with short comparative field studies in Australia and the Netherlands. The results provide critical insights into the cultural effects and knowledge contestations within transnational higher education. RI Geerlings, Lennie/K-4116-2014 OI Geerlings, Lennie/0000-0001-8805-1950 SN 0161-7761 EI 1548-1492 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 51 IS 1 BP 27 EP 46 DI 10.1111/aeq.12322 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496710500001 ER PT J AU Kurtek, P AF Kurtek, Pawel TI Causal attribution and coping with parental dominance and deprecation in youth with mild intellectual disability SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES AB Although interactions among parents and Youth with Mild Intellectual Disability (MID) may be stressful at times, most studies focus on the effects of stressful interactions on the parents. This study considers the Youth's perspective - particularly their beliefs about the reason for the parent's actions as well as how they would respond in the situation. The RA-PD test (American Psychologist, 28, 2015, 107) was administered to 151 transition age youth with MID in Poland. The test includes vignettes that describe common situations in which the parent engages in Domination or Deprecation. The participants coping responses, based on a multi-axial approach developed by Hobfoll (Stress, culture, and community. The psychology and philosophy of stress, 1998, Springer, New York, NY), and attributions toward the parental figure in the scenarios, based on Kelley (American Psychologist, 28, 2015, 107), were coded by judges. Correlations between causal attribution and coping response showed a consistent pattern where positive attributions were associated with prosocial coping and negative attributions were significantly related to antisocial coping. The implications for improving coping, especially for Youth with aggressive and passive tendencies, are discussed. OI , Pawel/0000-0003-2149-6175 SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 DI 10.1111/jar.12685 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496725800001 PM 31736221 ER PT J AU Boyd, D AF Boyd, Diane TI Utilising place-based learning through local contexts to develop agents of change in Early Childhood Education for Sustainability SO EDUCATION 3-13 AB The aim of this research was to consider how young children could develop an education for sustainable mind-set, through place-based learning within a local context. This research built upon the development of an Early Childhood Education for Sustainable (ECEfS) framework (Boyd, D., H. Hirst, and C. McNeill. 2016. Early Childhood Education for Sustainable Framework 48 (ECEfS). ). The place-based research focused upon Dewey's theory of experiential learning and by engaging in offsite longitudinal community-based projects, where young children become familiar with their own locality. This familiarity encourages children to develop an ecological self within place by being submerged in an ever-changing natural environment through the Forest School Philosophy, with an emphasis upon regular visits conducted over an extended period. Over a period of a year children and adults in different and diverse settings experienced opportunities for place-based learning to develop their Education for Sustainability perspective. Observations focused upon children and adults considering how they both started to become more aware of local critical issues and related them to their own reality. The research received ethical approval by LJMU and all involved chose to take part and could withdraw at any time. SN 0300-4279 EI 1475-7575 PD NOV 17 PY 2019 VL 47 IS 8 BP 983 EP 997 DI 10.1080/03004279.2018.1551413 UT WOS:000486044200008 ER PT J AU Fensterseifer, PE Gonzalez, FJ da Silva, SP AF Fensterseifer, Paulo Evaldo Gonzalez, Fernando Jaime da Silva, Sidinei Pithan TI CRITICAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN A DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLIC PERSPECTIVE SO MOVIMENTO AB The present study consists of a theoretical essay that analyzes the limits and potentialities of critical educational discourses that aspire to social change. It looks for, mainly, to think about a project of Physical Education (PE) committed to democratic and republican issues. To do so, it points out, from the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt the need to distinguish education and politics, recognizing the value of knowledge and the specificity of PE. This condition does not prevent and limit the value of the theoretical and critical contributions that allow us to interpret the relations between education and society in each historical moment, suggesting a complementary aspect between the hermeneutic, critical-dialectical and poststructuralist traditions to think about the phenomena of PE and its relationship to the theme of the republic, education and democracy. SN 0104-754X EI 1982-8918 PD NOV 16 PY 2019 VL 25 AR e25070 DI 10.22456/1982-8918.95771 UT WOS:000510488400001 ER PT J AU Van Daele, D AF Van Daele, Dirk TI Cyrille Fijnaut: a pioneer from the low countries SO POLICE PRACTICE AND RESEARCH AB Inspired by American pioneers in the field of police research like Jerome Skolnick, Cyrille Fijnaut resigned in 1969 as a police lieutenant from the police force in the city of Tilburg, the Netherlands in order to create the opportunity to study criminology and philosophy at the KU Leuven in Belgium. At the same university, he wrote in the years 1974-1978 his Ph.D. dissertation on the political history of policing in Europe since the Napoleonic Era. This thesis became the starting point of a rich career as a professor of criminology and criminal law at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the KU Leuven, Tilburg University and NYU Law School (Global Law School Programme). Over the years, he became an internationally renowned expert in the fields of police and judicial cooperation, organized crime and terrorism, and the transatlantic history of criminology and the criminal justice system. In these and other fields he wrote some 50 books and edited some 50 volumes, and published more than 400 articles in academic and professional journals. In addition, he was one of the founding fathers of the Belgian journal of criminology and criminal law Panopticon and the European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. He also served as an expert in some of Dutch and Belgian committees of inquiry, e.g. the committee that investigated the safety and security problems of Pim Fortuyn, the Dutch politician who was killed in May 2002. The Dutch government rewarded him with a Knighthood in the Order of the Dutch Lion, and the Belgian government appointed him Commandeur in the Crown Order. SN 1561-4263 EI 1477-271X DI 10.1080/15614263.2019.1690178 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496396100001 ER PT J AU Gravett, K AF Gravett, Karen TI Troubling transitions and celebrating becomings: from pathway to rhizome SO STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION AB Student transitions are a central part of higher education policy and practice internationally. However much of the work within this important area is underpinned by unquestioned and limited assumptions of what transition as a concept might mean. Moreover, too often understandings of transition defer to narratives that sustain a stereotypic understanding of students' experiences. This study contributes to a major shift in our understanding of the notion of transition. In order to do so, I draw upon Meyer and Land's theory of threshold concepts, and from the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari, to contest established understandings of students' experiences. I propose a new approach to re-theorising and doing transition comprising three intertwined perspectives: transitions as rhizomatic; transitions as troublesome; and transitions as becoming. The article ends with a consideration of how these concepts could impact upon practice and offers an agenda for further research. SN 0307-5079 EI 1470-174X DI 10.1080/03075079.2019.1691162 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496654600001 ER PT J AU Garg, NK AF Garg, Neil K. TI How organic chemistry became one of UCLA's most popular classes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AB Organic chemistry has a bad reputation, despite having a tremendous impact on our everyday lives. It has remained a notorious "weed-out" class for decades-striking fear in the hearts of students-and has long been viewed as a gatekeeper course for those interested in pursuing a career in medicine or other health-related professions. This personal account examines the underlying teaching philosophies that transformed organic chemistry into one of the most popular classes on the UCLA campus. Special emphasis is placed on ways to increase engagement and help students feel connected. Educational initiatives, including organic chemistry music videos and various online resources created in partnerships with students, will be discussed. It is hoped that this account will stimulate ideas that transcend scientific disciplines all for the benefit of student education. SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X PD NOV 15 PY 2019 VL 294 IS 46 BP 17678 EP 17683 DI 10.1074/jbc.AW119.008141 UT WOS:000503173500040 PM 31578286 ER PT J AU Chougule, A Sonde, RR AF Chougule, Abhijeet Sonde, Ramakrishna R. TI Modelling and experimental investigation of compact packed bed design of methanol steam reformer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY AB A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to analyse methanol steam reforming in catalytic packed-bed tubular reactor. All the important aspects of reaction kinetics of main reactions and thermodynamic terms of heat and mass transfer were studied for commercially available CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts from Sud-Chemie. This numerical model was simulated using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Through the set of organized simulation studies, the basic operational boundary conditions of operating temperature (573 K) with respect to complete conversion of methanol and optimum hydrogen generation, optimum S/C ratio (1.4) of methanol water mixture feed and operating capacity of one tubular reactor array were discovered. At temperatures near 573 K it was found that the reformate gas does not require any purification/filtration to be supplied to a HT-PEMFC as the CO concentration in reformate gas was low (below 30000 ppm). The simulation work for understanding the effect of different operating condition(s) on the reformer performance generated design of experiment for investigation of the efforts carried out to evaluate, build and demonstrate a 0.25 kWe equivalent methanol reformer for HT-PEM fuel cell system. The paper discusses few of the important aspects on the experimental investigation of effect of operating conditions on methanol steam reformer design with packed bed configuration for hydrogen production. The basic investigation included the analysis of effect of design and operating parameters on the methanol conversion and quality of reformate gas generation (amount of CO). The investigation also covers the analysis of heat and mass transfer along with chemical reaction and generation of species to achieve optimum process parameters and system efficiency. These investigations led to finalise, the operating parameters and basic design philosophy of the packed bed tubular methanol steam reformer for 5 kWe HT-PEMFC system application. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 PD NOV 15 PY 2019 VL 44 IS 57 BP 29937 EP 29945 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.166 UT WOS:000498752900010 ER PT J AU Pazey, BL AF Pazey, Barbara L. TI & xa1;Ya Basta! Countering the Effects of Neoliberal Reform on an Urban Turnaround High School SO AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL AB This article provides an account of the ways in which students and adult supporters of an urban turnaround high school mobilized to defy the rhetoric of neoliberal reforms and the subsequent deficit narrative imposed on them and on their school. Their counternarratives refute the master narratives advanced by federal and state educational reforms. The current rationale of neoliberal reforms and the disabling terminology used to construct the identity of a school and the individuals associated with the school are interrogated through the theoretical framework of Dis/ability Critical Race Theory. An alternative approach and philosophy of thought regarding school reform and the ways in which we define the worth and value of a school, its students, and the larger community is offered. OI Pazey, Barbara/0000-0002-0015-4750 SN 0002-8312 EI 1935-1011 AR UNSP 0002831219886530 DI 10.3102/0002831219886530 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497084500001 ER PT J AU Blake-Turner, C AF Blake-Turner, Christopher TI Deflationism About Logic SO JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL LOGIC AB Logical consequence is typically construed as a metalinguistic relation between (sets of) sentences. Deflationism is an account of logic that challenges this orthodoxy. In Williamson's recent presentation of deflationism, logic's primary concern is with universal generalizations over absolutely everything. As well as an interesting account of logic in its own right, deflationism has also been recruited to decide between competing logics in resolving semantic paradoxes. This paper defends deflationism from its most important challenge to date, due to Ole Hjortland. It then presents two new problems for the view. Hjortland's objection is that deflationism cannot discriminate between distinct logics. I show that his example of classical logic and supervaluationism depends on equivocating about whether the language includes a "definitely" operator. Moreover, I prove a result that blocks this line of objection no matter the choice of logics. I end by criticizing deflationism on two fronts. First, it cannot do the work it has been recruited to perform. That is, it cannot help adjudicate between competing logics. This is because a theory of logic cannot be as easily separated from a theory of truth as its proponents claim. Second, deflationism currently has no adequate answer to the following challenge: what does a sentence's universal generalization have to do with its logical truth? I argue that the most promising, stipulative response on behalf of the deflationist amounts to an unwarranted change of subject. OI Blake-Turner, Christopher/0000-0002-1509-0649 SN 0022-3611 EI 1573-0433 DI 10.1007/s10992-019-09529-5 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498004100001 ER PT J AU Wang, HS Marino, EM Pan, P AF Wang, Haishen Marino, Edoardo M. Pan, Peng TI Design, testing and finite element analysis of an improved precast prestressed beam-to-column joint SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES AB A precast prestressed beam-to-column joint for seismic-resistant RC framed structures is proposed and investigated in this paper. The joint is an improved configuration of the one presented by the authors in a previous study. It consists in precast RC beams assembled together with the column by means of prestressed steel strands. In the contact zone, the concrete of beams and column is protected from crushing by means of steel jackets. The two beams framing into the joint are linked by steel bars that yield during earthquake, thus acting as dissipaters. The novelties of this configuration of the joint are in the anchorage of the longitudinal rebars, in the system adopted to connect concrete beams and steel jackets, in the dissipaters, and in the shape of the steel angles that support the beams during the erection of the structure. Design equations are formulated and incorporated into a procedure consistent with the capacity design philosophy. The performance of the proposed joint and the effectiveness of the design procedure are investigated by a quasi-static test of a 3/5 scale specimen and numerical simulations conducted by a refined finite element model built in ABAQUS environment. The obtained results show and quantify the performance achieved in terms of energy dissipation and self-centring capacity, simplicity of fabrication and repair work, and reliability of bearing capacity. Finally, the parameters that control the design procedure are individuated and calibrated. SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 PD NOV 15 PY 2019 VL 199 AR UNSP 109661 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109661 UT WOS:000497245600077 ER PT J AU Liu, R AF Liu, Roseann TI Cultivating Cosmopolitans: Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in an Age of Instrumentalism SO ANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY AB Families today are using culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP)-a social justice pedagogy that incorporates marginalized cultural practices into the classroom-to cultivate their children into future cosmopolitan professionals. Asian American, black, and Latinx families rationalize that CRP helps their children learn "a little bit of everything" and be "open minded." Students find value in learning about cultures they consider different from their own and in learning Mandarin because of China's emergence as a global economic power. SN 0161-7761 EI 1548-1492 PD MAR PY 2020 VL 51 IS 1 BP 90 EP 111 DI 10.1111/aeq.12321 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496611300001 ER PT J AU Dunham, J AF Dunham, Jeremy TI Overcoming the divide between freedom and nature: Clarisse Coignet on the metaphysics of independent morality SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB Clarisse Coignet (1823-1918) played an important role in a number of the most important intellectual movements in nineteenth-century France. She grew up around and documented the leaders of the Fourierist movement, provided the philosophical support for La Morale independante (an influential movement that promoted the rebuilding of French society on the basis of free morality, rather than religion), and spent twenty years defending the secularization of education and improving French primary schools. She developed her own theoretical and practical philosophy and applied it in the social world to play her part in the transformation of her country into a "free republic". Despite all of this, her work has received very little philosophical attention. This article focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of her practical philosophy, and the importance of her engagement with the French spiritualist tradition for its development. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1668351 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496383800001 ER PT J AU Zhukova, E AF Zhukova, Ekatherina TI Kinning as intimate disaster response: from recuperation in host families to educational migration of the Chernobyl children from Belarus to Italy SO IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER AB This article brings the concept of kinning from anthropology and the sociology of adoption and care work to the study of disaster response and migration. It looks at intimate relationships between the Chernobyl children from Belarus and host families in Italy within the humanitarian programme of child recuperation abroad and argues that these relationships can be understood as kinning. Kinning implies intimate disaster response, a process of fostering transnational relations at a people-to-people level during humanitarian assistance independently of non-state, state, and supranational institutions. The manuscript shows that kinning with host families in childhood resulted in educational migration of the grown-up Chernobyl children to Italy in adulthood. The essay concludes that disaster response and migration studies can benefit from studying the private and the personal in order to understand the mobility trajectories of disaster survivors. This is important when disaster survivors are children and disaster response and migration overlap with coming of age. RI Zhukova, Ekatherina/X-7835-2019 OI Zhukova, Ekatherina/0000-0003-1559-6305 SN 1070-289X EI 1547-3384 DI 10.1080/1070289X.2019.1686877 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496301800001 ER PT J AU Juarez, SW Chaparro, G Rios-Aguilar, C Guarneros, N AF Juarez, Sara Werner Chaparro, Gabriel Rios-Aguilar, Cecilia Guarneros, Nancy TI Parental Expectations of Postsecondary Outcomes for Diverse Students with Learning Disabilities: A Funds of Knowledge and Social Capital Approach to Transition Planning SO JOURNAL OF LATINOS AND EDUCATION AB Culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with learning disabilities (LD) are persistently underrepresented in higher education and demonstrate lower postsecondary outcomes than non-minority peers. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between funds of knowledge, social capital, parental expectations, and goals established in a sample of individualized transition plans. Findings indicate that parents of CLD children with LD have high educational expectations and philosophies. Yet, goals established in students' transition plans do not reflect these expectations. There was also a connection between high expectations and those who build capital through support groups. Limitations and future research are discussed. SN 1534-8431 EI 1532-771X DI 10.1080/15348431.2019.1689136 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496771400001 ER PT J AU Pedersen, TR AF Pedersen, Thomas Randrup TI Breaking bad? Down and Dirty with Military Anthropology* SO ETHNOS AB This article revisits the debate around the frequent problematisation of anthropological research on 'our troops' within the wider anthropology community. Engaging my research on Danish expeditionary forces and my fellow anthropologists' disheartening responses to that research, this study examines controversies over military anthropology as a fundamental question of the apparent tension between empathy and critique. Drawing upon my uneasy experiences of 'breaking bad', in terms of becoming an 'embedded anthropologist' in a Danish combat unit, I argue that one answer as to why military anthropology tends to be frowned upon is to be found in failures to empathise as well as in different (mis)conceptions of empathy and critique. I show that 'our troops' and 'their anthropologist' are subjected to processes of othering at the limits of empathy, and I reflect on the trouble with empathy as a research tool and its consequences for a twenty-first-century military anthropology. SN 0014-1844 EI 1469-588X DI 10.1080/00141844.2019.1687550 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000503296900001 ER PT J AU Efimova, L Shekhireva, N Nesterova, L Lopatinskaya, V Abramtseva, E AF Efimova, Lyudmila Shekhireva, Natalia Nesterova, Lyubov Lopatinskaya, Viktoria Abramtseva, Elena TI Theological Views of Clive Staples Lewis in the Late Period of the Writer's Work SO EXPOSITORY TIMES AB The relevance of the study is due to the fact that it attempts to analyze the artistic features, genre identity and the issues addressed in one of the most significant and monumental works of Clive Staples Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia written in the late period of the writer's work (1950-1956). In this regard, the purpose of this article is to consider the fantasy world of C. S. Lewis and the traditions of the English literary fairy tale, the genre of fantasy as a semantics-forming genre, as well as the moral issues through the prism of the Gospel values, which are fundamental in understanding the characters of the heroes. The leading approaches to the study of this problem are the comparative method, the method of philological and philosophical analysis, the dialectical and deduction method, which allow to analyze in detail The Chronicles of Narnia as a work of art in all its genre, ideological and philosophical diversity. The article presents a detailed analysis of Clive Staples Lewis' The Chronicles of Narnia. It is revealed that this work represents a special synthesis of a number of genre structures, such as a parable, a fairy tale, and the genre of fantasy. It is substantiated in the paper that fantasy acts as the main genre structure, since it 'generalizes' the parable and the fairy tale, the reality and the fantasy world. The article shows that it is fantasy, as a synthesis of various genre elements, that ensures the unity of the 'world's dual nature': the writer's world, the country where he and his characters live, and the fictional country. The spiritual evolution of Lewis' characters is accomplished through overcoming temptations, fear, indifference, and betrayal. The humaneness of Lewis' moral position is manifested in the fact that he believes that God and his life-giving power is present in the life of every person, and the Joy of man is to meet with God. The materials of the article are of practical value for philologists, philosophers and theologists, and can also be used in lecture courses of "History of Foreign Literature of the XX Century" as well as "History of English Literature of the XX Century", in lecture courses in cultural studies, history of philosophy of science, history of philosophy of religion, and in the teaching of theology. SN 0014-5246 EI 1745-5308 AR UNSP 0014524619883825 DI 10.1177/0014524619883825 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498332800001 ER PT J AU Kluczewska, K AF Kluczewska, Karolina TI When IOM encounters the field: localising the migration and development paradigm in Tajikistan SO JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION STUDIES AB This article analyses localisation of the migration and development paradigm, promoted worldwide by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), by unpacking transformations that this approach undergoes in aid-receiving countries assisted by this organisation. Drawing on insights from International Relations and the anthropology of development, and taking the case of a specific policy transfer initiated by IOM in post-Soviet Tajikistan, which involved setting up a local state-operated labour recruitment system for industries abroad, the article advances three arguments. First, the crucial relevance of actors in the field, namely brokers who arrange and navigate IOM's collaborations with various actors on the ground, reveals that the authority of IOM in Tajikistan is personalised and relational, rather than institutional. Second, the existence of brokers points to an ideological heterogeneity within IOM, which on the surface seems united in its pursuit of the migration and development agenda. Third, this article problematises the role of IOM in Tajikistan, showing that the organisation interferes in state-citizens relations and that its rhetoric of migration and development justifies a market-tailored export of local labour, serving the global capitalist economy. The article contributes to research on IOM, as well as global-local interactions and international organisations in the field. OI Kluczewska, Karolina/0000-0002-0349-4443 SN 1369-183X EI 1469-9451 DI 10.1080/1369183X.2019.1691914 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000498347200001 ER PT J AU Renz, U AF Renz, Ursula TI Cassirer's enlightenment: on philosophy and the 'Denkform' of reason SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB This paper examines the way in which Cassirer implicitly commented on current issues in his historical studies, proposing a case study on his monograph The Philosophy of the Enlightenment, published in November 1932. It begins with a general overview of a few famous and a few neglected instances of Cassirer's position-takings through historical studies, before discussing briefly the context in which this monograph was written and examining how the Enlightenment is presented in the monograph from 1932. The paper claims that at the centre of Cassirer's engagement with the Enlightenment was his concern with the autonomy of reason. The way in which Cassirer elaborated on this further shows that his defense of the Enlightenment was not just directed against the threats of totalitarian politics, but also had the aim of clarifying the nature of philosophy and its place in culture. This, however, the paper concludes, does not refute the notion that Cassirer was concerned with current politics when writing The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. The point is rather that he comprehended philosophy as political just in virtue of its exercising the autonomy that characterizes reason. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1677214 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497001200001 ER PT J AU Demirtas, T Sonmez, G Tombul, S Demirtas, A AF Demirtas, Turev Sonmez, Gokhan Tombul, Sevket Demirtas, Abdullah TI A Single-center Experience: Does MRI-guided Target Prostate Biopsy Meet Expectations? SO CUREUS AB Objective Target biopsy (TB) was defined to detect a higher rate of cancer with fewer cores. Today, however, the combined biopsy (CB; TB + standard prostate biopsy (SPB)) with even more cores has become more popular. We aimed to compare CB results with those of TB and SPB in patients in the gray zone and, based on the outcomes, to determine whether TB has achieved its goal based on the expectation that higher cancer detection rates can be attained with fewer cores. Materials and methods This prospective study included patients with a prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) >= 3 lesion and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <10 ng/ml who underwent CB. All patients underwent two to five core biopsies per suspicious lesion (TB). Then, an SPB was administered to the same patients and in the same sessions. For fusion biopsy procedures, a fusion ultrasonography device with rigid software was used. Results A total of 404 patients were included in the study. The rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (sPCa) detection in TB, SPB, and CB was 30.2%, 25.5%, and 38.4%, respectively (p<0.05). The highest sPCa detection rate per core was detected in TB. For these patients, the CB results were accepted as the reference standard and then the histopathological upgrading of the lesions detected by SPB and TB was determined. Accordingly, higher histopathological upgrade rates were detected in SPB (10% and 25.7%). Conclusion We can say that the philosophy of detecting more cancers with a low number of cores, which was created when defining TB, was partially unsuccessful. EI 2168-8184 PD NOV 14 PY 2019 VL 11 IS 11 AR e6160 DI 10.7759/cureus.6160 UT WOS:000496763200010 PM 31890368 ER PT J AU Rashid, K AF Rashid, Kamau TI Beyond the Fetters of Colonialism: Du Bois, Nkrumah, and a Pan-African Critical Theory SO EQUITY & EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION AB This article seeks to explore the Pan-Africanism of W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) and its interconnections with the Pan-African thought and practice of Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972) with respect to the capacity of education to serve as an engine of social transformation. The author contends that their ideas represent a liberatory philosophy of education, one that elucidates how education can serve the ends of social transformation. Additionally, the author discusses a conceptual model based upon the Akan notion of nokware ("truth"), which is proposed as the basis of a Pan-African critical theory, a philosophical model concerning itself with the transformation and liberation of the African world. SN 1066-5684 EI 1547-3457 DI 10.1080/10665684.2019.1672593 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496132100001 ER PT J AU Spiros, MC Hefner, JT AF Spiros, Micayla C. Hefner, Joseph T. TI Ancestry Estimation Using Cranial and Postcranial Macromorphoscopic Traits SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB Ancestry estimation methods using macromorphoscopic (MMS) traits commonly focus exclusively on cranial morphology. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the value of postcranial MMS traits, highlighting a combined cranial/postcranial trait approach to ancestry estimation using quadratic discriminant function and a variety of machine learning classification models including artificial neural networks (aNN), random forest models, and support vector machine. Eight cranial and eleven postcranial MMS traits were collected from the Terry and Bass Skeletal Collections (American Black = 81; American White = 173). Our classification models using cranial and postcranial traits correctly classified 88-92% of the sample, improving classification accuracies by nearly fifteen percent over models relying exclusively on cranial data. These same results demonstrate the importance of a multivariate statistical framework incorporating cranial and postcranial data and the nearly unlimited potential of machine learning models to improve the accuracy of ancestry estimates over traditional methods of analysis. To facilitate implementation in casework, one of the more robust models (aNN) is incorporated into a web-based application, ComboMaMD Analytical, to facilitate cranial and postcranial MMS traits analysis for ancestry estimation. OI Spiros, Micayla/0000-0002-5707-2369; Hefner, Joseph/0000-0001-5535-4410 SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.14231 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496340000001 PM 31725188 ER PT J AU Fotaki, M Altman, Y Koning, J AF Fotaki, Marianna Altman, Yochanan Koning, Juliette TI Spirituality, Symbolism and Storytelling in Twentyfirst-Century Organizations: Understanding and addressing the crisis of imagination SO ORGANIZATION STUDIES AB This article introduces the Special Issue concerned with organizational spirituality, symbolism and storytelling. Stressing the growing scholarly interest in these topics, the article makes a two-fold contribution. First, it critically assesses their development over time while identifying the emerging trends and new ways in which spirituality, symbolism and storytelling are taken up in management and organization studies. We make a case for utilizing their promise to transcend the epistemic boundaries and extend the scope of our academic practice beyond self-referential approaches or 'fashionable' topics. Second, it links them to what we term the current crises of imagination, calling into question extant institutional and organizational paradigms, as well as the theoretical frames we rely on in our teaching and research. The multiple crises we face - economic, financial, food, water, energy, climate, migration and security - we suggest, are partly due to the fragmentation of meaning that bedevils our scholarship and, implicitly, the failure of our collective imagination. Reaching across foundational disciplines and core methodologies, we bring into the conversation the interlocking fields of spirituality, symbolism and storytelling, highlighting their potential for addressing the cardinal challenges we face as citizens of this world as much as organizational scholars. OI Koning, Juliette/0000-0002-9673-9672 SN 0170-8406 EI 1741-3044 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 7 EP 30 AR UNSP 0170840619875782 DI 10.1177/0170840619875782 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496681100001 ER PT J AU Keane, W AF Keane, Webb TI How everyday ethics becomes a moral economy, and vice versa SO ECONOMICS-THE OPEN ACCESS OPEN-ASSESSMENT E-JOURNAL AB Unrealistic assumptions underlying neo-classical economic theory have been challenged by both behavioral economics and studies of moral economy. But both challengers share certain features with neo-classical theory. Complementing them, recent work in the anthropology of ethics shows that economic behavior is not reducible to either individual psychology or collective norms. This approach is illustrated with studies of transactions taking place at the borders between market rationality and ethically fraught relationships among persons-organ donation and sex work. The paper argues that the inherent value accorded to social relations tends to resist instrumentalization and that the biases that dealing with other people introduce into reasoning are not flaws but part of the core functions of rationality. SN 1864-6042 PD NOV 14 PY 2019 VL 13 AR 201946 DI 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-46 UT WOS:000496417000001 ER PT J AU Trembach, S Blodgett, J Epperson, A Floersch, N AF Trembach, Stan Blodgett, Jayne Epperson, Annie Floersch, Natasha TI The whys and hows of academic library space assessment: a case study SO LIBRARY MANAGEMENT AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advocate for change in academic library space assessment and use philosophy in favor of a more user-centered approach emphasizing space designed for and by users themselves. This goal is achieved by analyzing the implementation of a recent space assessment project at the University of Northern Colorado Libraries to investigate specific patterns of library space utilization. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a case study for which data were collected through a multi-method approach, including flip chart and whiteboard questions, brief semi-structured "tabling" interviews, and more in-depth "roving" interviews. Findings The current library literature on space assessment does not encompass broader, more holistic approaches to how library space is used by students, faculty, staff and community users. The findings from this study highlight the diversity of ways patrons may use an academic library, many of which are related to academic work. However, visitors also come to the library for other purposes, such as socializing or attending an event. It is imperative that the space be adequately equipped to meet varied visitor needs and to create a welcoming environment for all patrons. Originality/value The paper has several implications for planning and managing the operations of medium-sized academic libraries. It contributes to the larger conversation in higher education about the importance of user research for enhancing visitor experience through data-informed decision-making. Furthermore, the project it details is not an isolated assessment effort but part of the library's ongoing space assessment work. SN 0143-5124 EI 1758-7921 PD NOV 13 PY 2019 VL 41 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1108/LM-04-2019-0024 UT WOS:000506035100001 ER PT J AU MacLeish, K AF MacLeish, Kenneth TI Field Notes on the Politics of Veteran Care SO ETHNOS AB The experientially remote, ethically problematic, and 'unthinkable' character of military violence, entrenched in stereotyping and reductive figures of the soldier and veteran, is often taken to represent a fundamental crisis of ethnographic empathy and critique. I argue that this presumption of unbridgeable otherness should itself be a primary target of ethnography, a co-produced interrogation of truth in which ethnographer and subject alike have prior investments. I relate two instances in which unexpected veteran interlocutors challenged the 'truth' of stereotypical figurations that I also aimed to critique in my work. Exploring these confrontational co-productions of critique, I argue for an ethnography of military sociality embedded in informants' own capacities as critics, in which anthropology is accountable for its enmeshment in imperial geopolitics and militarised modes of care. OI MacLeish, Kenneth/0000-0003-4815-9291 SN 0014-1844 EI 1469-588X DI 10.1080/00141844.2019.1687546 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000503287400001 ER PT J AU Brennan, J AF Brennan, Jason TI Against the Moral Powers Test of basic liberty SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY AB In Rawlsian political philosophy, "basic liberties" are rights subject to a high degree of protection, such that they cannot easily be overridden for concerns of stability, efficiency, or social justice. For Rawls, something qualifies as a basic liberty if and only if bears the right relationship to our "two moral powers": a capacity to form a sense of the good life and a capacity for a sense of justice. However, which rights are basic liberties is subject to frequent ideological debate, which Rawlsian libertarians and Rawlsian socialists arguing that Rawls's own view is mistaken or incomplete. I argue that problem is that Moral Powers Test does not quite work. Only a small amount of liberty-not enough to qualify a society as liberal-can clearly be shown to pass the Moral Powers Test. One might attempt to rescue the Moral Powers Test by relaxing or modifying its requirements, but, I will argue, there appears to be no unproblematic and nonquestion-begging way to do so. The Moral Powers Test must be abandoned or, at least, requires some unknown but radical revision or require supplements from outside Rawls's own theory. SN 0966-8373 EI 1468-0378 DI 10.1111/ejop.12497 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495987900001 ER PT J AU Meneley, A AF Meneley, Anne TI The olive and imaginaries of the Mediterranean SO HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY AB This paper explores how the olive tree and olive oil continue to seep into imaginaries of the Mediterranean. The olive tree, long lived and durable, requires human intervention to be productive: it is emblematic of the Mediterranean region and the longstanding human habitation of it. Long central to the religious imaginaries and practices of the monotheistic tradition and those which preceded it, olive oil has emerged, in recent decades, as the star of The Mediterranean Diet. This paper, inspired by anthropologists who follow the 'thing', also follows the advocates, both scientists and chefs, who tout the scientific research which underpins The Mediterranean Diet's claims, which critics might consider part of contemporary ideologies of 'healthism' and 'nutritionism'. Nonetheless, as I analyze, this diet with its olive oil star, and the forms of sociality which are imagined to be part of it continue to affect the circulations of olive oil, culinary practices, and people from and to the Mediterranean region. SN 0275-7206 EI 1477-2612 DI 10.1080/02757206.2019.1687464 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496580800001 ER PT J AU Parla, A AF Parla, Ayse TI Revisiting 'honor' through migrant vulnerabilities in Turkey SO HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY AB This essay revisits the trope of honour and takes stock of its critiques by foregrounding the elusive bodies of undocumented migrant women in Turkey. Specifically, I engage with the extent to which the legal normalization of the culture of honour results in routinized sexual violence against undocumented migrant women and in impunity for the perpetrators. On the one hand, I pursue the critique of honour as an essentalized, generalized and timeless notion about Middle Eastern and Mediterranean societies. On the other hand, I ponder whether our efforts to battle such stereotypical explanations may occasionally result in giving short shrift to the reality of sexual violence as experienced by those who bear the brunt of it. In avoiding culturalizing honour and yet recognizing its continuing cultural power, I take my inspiration from the concept of ethnographic refusal to navigate a potentially lethal terrain in which migrants, activists, and academics enact, with converging and discrepant stakes, deliberate or unwitting engagements with the demands of 'honor'. I suggest that being cognizant of the kinds of ethnographic refusals we undertake to foreground or avoid the discomfiting aspects of honour as a gendered norm can aid us in our pursuit towards yet thicker ethnographies of exactly where and when honour continues to matter. SN 0275-7206 EI 1477-2612 DI 10.1080/02757206.2019.1689974 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000497077500001 ER PT J AU Zwart, H AF Zwart, Hub TI Iconoclasm and Imagination: Gaston Bachelard's Philosophy of Technoscience SO HUMAN STUDIES AB Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962) occupies a unique position in the history of European thinking. As a philosopher of science, he developed a profound interest in genres of the imagination, notably poetry and novels. While emphatically acknowledging the strength, precision and reliability of scientific knowledge compared to every-day experience, he saw literary phantasies as important supplementary sources of insight. Although he significantly influenced authors such as Lacan, Althusser, Foucault and others, while some of his key concepts ("epistemological rupture," "epistemological obstacle," "technoscience") are still widely used, his oeuvre tends to be overlooked. And yet, as I will argue, Bachelard's extended series of books opens up an intriguing perspective on contemporary science. First, I will point to a remarkable duality that runs through Bachelard's oeuvre. His philosophy of science consists of two sub-oeuvres: a psychoanalysis of technoscience, complemented by a poetics of elementary imagination. I will point out how these two branches deal with complementary themes: technoscientific artefacts and literary fictions, two realms of human experience separated by an epistemological rupture. Whereas Bachelard's work initially entails a panegyric in praise of scientific practice, he becomes increasingly intrigued by the imaginary and its basic images ("archetypes"), such as the Mother Earth archetype. SN 0163-8548 EI 1572-851X DI 10.1007/s10746-019-09529-z EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496199700001 ER PT J AU Santos, F Villotte, S AF Santos, Frederic Villotte, Sebastien TI Using quadratic discriminant analysis for osteometric pair-matching of long bone antimeres: An evaluation on modern and archaeological samples SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY AB A common problem in forensic anthropology is the pair-matching of left and right bone antimeres. Several osteometric sorting models have been proposed in the last 20years, with a recent acceleration in new methodological articles bringing sometimes contradictory results or recommendations. These debates demonstrate the need for a statistical tool both accurate and easily applicable by the final user. We present here an approach based on quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). This approach is evaluated on antimeric pairs of humeri and femora from the openly available Goldman Data Set and compared with two classical and previously published methods for osteometric pair-matching, based respectively on linear regressions and t tests. It is shown that QDA globally outperforms existing solutions for reassociating those long bones, in particular by rejecting fewer true bone pairs at the classical alpha level of .10. The accuracy of all three methods is analysed through receiver operating characteristic curves to assess the influence of the choice of a decision threshold. The application on archaeological commingled remains of pair-matching models learned on a modern reference multipopulation sample is discussed. Finally, an R package containing the functions used for this study, bonepairs, is publicly available online. This ensures the full replicability of results and an easy use of the new method introduced here. OI Villotte, Sebastien/0000-0002-2958-8034; Santos, Frederic/0000-0003-1445-3871 SN 1047-482X EI 1099-1212 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1033 DI 10.1002/oa.2815 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496030300001 ER PT J AU Smith, MM Holden, GW AF Smith, Margaret M. Holden, George W. TI Mothers Affiliated with a Positive Parenting Program Report Rearing their Children Differently SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES AB Objectives An orientation to child rearing, ambiguously labeled "positive parenting," has proliferated in the popular literature. It differs in philosophy from mainstream child-rearing practices and most contemporary parent education programs by espousing a relationship-oriented, child-centered, and punishment-free approach. However, the approach lacks empirical evidence. In this study, we investigated one prominent positive parenting program, named Attachment Parenting International (API). Three claims the program makes were examined concerning parental warmth, disciplinary practices, and child adjustment. Along those lines, we predicted API parents would report engaging in warmer parent-child interactions, use more non-coercive discipline, and use less coercive discipline with their children than other parents. We also expected that API parents would report fewer child adjustment problems than comparison mothers. Methods A total of 593 mothers of 3- to 10-year-old children participated in the online study about their parenting practices and their children's behavior. Three hundred and sixty participants self-identified as being API mothers; 233 mothers were recruited from Mechanical Turk. Results As expected, the API mothers reported significantly warmer mother-child relationships and engaging in more non-coercive discipline but less coercive discipline than the matched comparison mothers. However, there were no significant group differences on children's adjustment problems. Nevertheless, API membership moderated two of the six regression analyses. API mothers' use of warmth was associated with fewer internalizing symptoms than the comparison mothers. Additionally, API mothers' use of non-coercive discipline was linked to fewer child externalizing symptoms than the comparison group. Conclusions Mothers affiliated with API indicated they engaged in childrearing behavior that was inline with the teachings of the program. An addition, API involvement moderated two of the relations be parenting and child behavior problems. Consequently, this study provides some of the first empirical evidence about how affiliation with a positive parenting organization is related to childrearing behavior as well as child behavior. Observational and prospective studies are needed to more thoroughly examine the relations between positive parenting programs, child-rearing behavior, and child adjustment. SN 1062-1024 EI 1573-2843 DI 10.1007/s10826-019-01653-9 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496219600001 ER PT J AU Tetrault, JEC Bucerius, SM Haggerty, KD AF Tetrault, Justin E. C. Bucerius, Sandra M. Haggerty, Kevin D. TI Multiculturalism Under Confinement: Prisoner Race Relations Inside Western Canadian Prisons SO SOCIOLOGY-THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION AB What do race relations among Canadian prisoners tell us about national mythology, liberal multiculturalism, and racial colour-blindness? Drawing from almost 500 semi-structured interviews conducted with male prisoners inside four provincial institutions in Western Canada as part of the University of Alberta Prison Project, we analyse prisoners' perceptions of race and detail how their beliefs in Canada's national mythology - particularly multiculturalism - foster racial colour-blindness in daily prison life. Our data speak to both support for, and critiques of, liberal multiculturalism as a lived political philosophy. For instance, racial colour-blindness helps reduce ethnic conflict and encourages inter-group relations among racially diverse prisoners. As critics of liberal multiculturalism suggest, however, our participants individualized racism, focusing on what is often called 'overt racism' (such as white supremacy). Few participants acknowledged 'structural racism' or dwelled on the overrepresentation of people of colour in the prison system (even when housed on a unit that could contain over 60 per cent Indigenous prisoners). Some prisoners expressed a belief that Canada had overcome racism. SN 0038-0385 EI 1469-8684 AR UNSP 0038038519882311 DI 10.1177/0038038519882311 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496671300001 ER PT J AU Janousek, H Zahavi, D AF Janousek, Hynek Zahavi, Dan TI Husserl on Hume SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB This article offers an account of the development of Husserl's assessment of Hume's position in the history of philosophy. In Husserl's early treatment of Hume, Husserl's interpretation was shaped by the anti-Kantian views of his teacher Franz Brentano. Later, however, Husserl concentrated on those themes in Hume's philosophy that were of relevance for the development of his own conception of phenomenology. His analysis into the a priori structures of intentionality led the Husserl of Logical Investigations (1900-1901) to reject Hume's nominalism and sensualism, and to criticize Hume's naturalistic psychologism and fictionalism. Already at this point, however, Husserl appreciated Hume's metaphysical neutrality as well as his radical starting point in the immediate givenness of consciousness. In the period following Husserl's transcendental turn in Ideas I (1913), Hume is gradually re-assessed in the context of Husserl's engagement with Kant as a philosopher who offers important insights concerning concrete problems of transcendental philosophy. For Husserl, Hume ultimately offers the first outline of a pure phenomenology and, indeed, becomes one of the most important forerunners of transcendental philosophy as such. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1678457 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495921300001 ER PT J AU Pung, JM Del Chiappa, G Sini, L AF Pung, Jessica Mei Del Chiappa, Giacomo Sini, Luca TI Booking experiences on sharing economy platforms: an exploration of tourists' motivations and constraints SO CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM AB The tourism sector is being currently characterized by the introduction of tours and activities provided by sharing economy platforms (e.g. Airbnb) and non-professional local guides. Since this recent introduction, no study has so far explored what motivates and constrains travellers to book this type of experiences. This paper contributes to fill this gap by investigating travellers' motivations and constraints for choosing these experiences over traditional tour providers. Adopting a qualitative approach, Italian prospective travellers' perspectives were explored through semi-structured interviews. The findings confirm the importance of authenticity, social interaction, location, and trust as factors influencing the use of sharing economy tourism services, beyond accommodations. When considering to choose peer-to-peer guiding, travellers are also motivated by novelty, quality and personal interest, logistics, and the social dimension of sharing economy philosophy. Sharing economy use constraints such as product scarcity, effort and independence expectancy prevent the choice of peer-to-peer tours and activities. Lack of awareness and distribution, timing, and lack of economic benefits also constrain the choice of these experiences through their platforms. Recommendations for marketers and operators are made to improve the promotion and delivery of tours and activities by sharing economy platforms. SN 1368-3500 EI 1747-7603 DI 10.1080/13683500.2019.1690434 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496088800001 ER PT J AU Nefdt, RM AF Nefdt, Ryan M. TI The philosophy of linguistics: Scientific underpinnings and methodological disputes SO PHILOSOPHY COMPASS AB This article surveys the philosophical literature on theoretical linguistics. The focus of the paper is centred around the major debates in the philosophy of linguistics, past and present, with specific relation to how they connect to the philosophy of science. Specific issues such as scientific realism in linguistics, the scientific status of grammars, the methodological underpinnings of formal semantics, and the integration of linguistics into the larger cognitive sciences form the crux of the discussion. OI Nefdt, Ryan/0000-0002-2118-9960 EI 1747-9991 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 14 IS 12 AR e12636 DI 10.1111/phc3.12636 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496134200001 ER PT J AU Bianco, G AF Bianco, Giuseppe TI Bergson and the spiritualist origins of the ideology of creativity in philosophy SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB Henri Bergson (1859-1940), the most prominent member of nineteenth-century French spiritualism, is the first philosopher who explicitly defined philosophy as a practice which consists in posing problems anew and in creating concepts. In this article, I will try to reconstruct the progressive importance acquired by the terms 'problem' and 'concept' in nineteenth-century French philosophy and how they combined in Bergson's theories about creativity, invention and novelty. I will argue that Bergson's conception of philosophy as a creative intellectual practice was the result of a negotiation, inside a pre-existent spiritualist framework, between, on the one hand, neo-Kantianism and, on the other hand, evolutionism which strongly influenced empirical psychology and the emerging social sciences. Bergson's solution, influenced by the evolution of mathematics and literary theory, was just one of the possible options, and the main alternative to a new form of transcendental philosophy. OI Bianco, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4407-8569 SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1684240 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495926400001 ER PT J AU Meylahn, JA AF Meylahn, Johann-Albrecht TI Non-philosophy and Derrida SO HTS TEOLOGIESE STUDIES-THEOLOGICAL STUDIES AB This study brings the thoughts of Derrida into conversation with Francois Laruelle's nonphilosophy or non-standard philosophy. Laruelle argued that Derrida is a philosopher of difference, thereby grouping Derrida together with Heidegger and Deleuze as philosophers of difference. The argument of this article is to explore Derrida's work, bringing it into conversation with Laruelle's non-philosophy and non-standard philosophy. This article is focussed specifically on Derrida's democracy to come in line with Laruelle's democracy of thought. The context of this discussion is the end of philosophy or the closure of philosophy, and the opening of this closure for a democracy is yet to come - or whether the ideas of the end of philosophy or the closure of philosophy (metaphysics) are philosophical materials for Laruelle's science of philosophy or non-philosophy. Laruelle does not seek a democracy to come, but understands these different thoughts as democracy of thought: all thoughts equal and unifacially turned not towards a democracy to come, but a future. SN 0259-9422 EI 2072-8050 PD NOV 12 PY 2019 VL 75 IS 4 AR a5665 DI 10.4102/hts.v75i4.5665 UT WOS:000500201600001 ER PT J AU Schallenberg, P AF Schallenberg, Peter TI Personal dignity in prenatal ethics SO MEDIZINISCHE GENETIK AB The background to this article comprises the bioethical debates of recent years, in which questions on the type and extent of prenatal protection of human dignity were the subject of controversy. The aim of this article is to outline the specifically theological-ethical understanding of human dignity and its constitutionally established sanctity within the framework of Catholic bioethics against the background of utilitarian approaches to the justification and relativization of prenatal dignity and its consequences for prenatal medicine and diagnostics. Methodically, the theological understanding of human dignity is derived through a critical-hermeneutic examination of philosophical ideas of human dignity from antiquity to the Age of the Enlightenment. Result: The inviolable human dignity according to the German Grundgesetz (Basic Law) finds expression in a Christian conception of Man that, in its metaphysical dimension, reaches far beyond a purely empirically perceptible, mundane justification by the natural and communal ties of Man, as can be found in the justification approaches of ancient and modern philosophy. This has consequences for the protection of the dignity of the embryo, too, within the framework of prenatal ethics on the basis of the "benefit of the doubt" argument. SN 0936-5931 EI 1863-5490 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 31 IS 3 SI SI BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11825-019-00264-5 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495938300002 ER PT J AU Schell, LM AF Schell, Lawrence M. TI Modern water: A biocultural approach to water pollution at the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY AB Objectives The goal of this article is to review a body of research around water contamination conducted in the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation between 1995 and 2016, place these findings in a biocultural context, and consider implications for a human biology of water. Methods This review draws on research projects conducted in partnership with the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation living along the St. Lawrence River as well as published research by others on water contamination at Akwesasne. Quantitative and qualitative methods including toxicological and epidemiological methods, surveys, and ethnographic studies are included. Results Pollution of a river with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminated local fish, a major, traditional, food source. Following health advisories to avoid consuming local fish, consumption and PCB levels decreased. PCB levels were negatively associated with health outcomes. In adolescents, higher PCB levels were associated with advanced sexual maturation in females, reduced testosterone in males and reduced thyroxine levels in young adults. Avoiding fish consumption altered traditional dietary patterns and social interactions, generational transmission of knowledge, and relations between generations, all of which impacted cultural forms and may have added to the perceived injustices in this Native American community. Items substituted for fish may have contributed to increasing rates of obesity as well. Conclusions Water pollution has immediate direct health consequences as well as cultural impacts related to changed food consumption and altered patterns of social interaction. SN 1042-0533 EI 1520-6300 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 32 IS 1 SI SI AR e23348 DI 10.1002/ajhb.23348 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496446400001 PM 31713956 ER PT J AU Ebbersmeyer, S AF Ebbersmeyer, Sabrina TI From a 'memorable place' to 'drops in the ocean': on the marginalization of women philosophers in German historiography of philosophy SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB This paper examines the striking absence of women philosophers from German historiography of philosophy during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. While the general topic has been considered before, additional documents and considerations are presented that will help us better understand the omission of women philosophers in the German context. Firstly, material is presented showing that women philosophers were widely discussed in Germany prior to 1800. These discussions stand sharply in contrast with the silence about women in subsequent general histories of philosophy. Secondly, it is shown that the absence of women philosophers in German historiography of philosophy during the nineteenth century is not entirely new but has to be seen as a continuation of tendencies characteristic for the historiography of philosophy already during the eighteenth century. Thirdly, it is argued that, towards the end of the nineteenth century, there was a new stimulus for thinking about women in the history of philosophy, namely women's emancipation and, more specifically, the right to a university education. Seen in this light, the renewed and intensified effort to diminish women philosophers can be understood as a symptomatic attempt to keep women out of academia in general, and out of philosophy in particular. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1677216 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496394000001 ER PT J AU Breazu, R AF Breazu, Remus TI The Question of Violence Between the Transcendental and the Empirical Field: The Case of Husserl's Philosophy SO HUMAN STUDIES AB In this article, I address the question of violence with respect to the phenomenological difference between the transcendental and the empirical field. In the first part, I phenomenologically address the notion of violence, developing a concept required for an account of the phenomenon of violence. Thus, I correlate it with the notion of vulnerability, arguing that violence cannot be understood irrespective of vulnerability. However, a proper phenomenological account has to indicate the subjective conditions of possibility of a phenomenon as it is given in experience. Therefore, we should ask: what is the status of violence when we are talking about the transcendental field? This question leads to the second part of my article, where I address the notion of violence from the perspective of the difference between the pure and the empirical ego, as it has been traced out by Husserl. If from the point of view of an empirical ego the concept of violence is meaningful, from the point of view of the transcendental ego it seems to be absurd. This is particularly significant, because Husserl is talking about the transcendental ego as being immortal. The pure ego is thus invulnerable and this means that violence-understood from the point of view of both the violating subject and the violated one-is something that cannot be linked to the transcendental field. The question that arises-how is violence possible on the empirical level, since it is impossible on the transcendental level?-is a question to which Husserl cannot respond. SN 0163-8548 EI 1572-851X DI 10.1007/s10746-019-09527-1 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496118300001 ER PT J AU Benjamin, A AF Benjamin, Andrew TI Listening to God and the Founding of the Law: Notes on Exodus 32.19-20 SO JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR PHENOMENOLOGY AB The aim of this paper is to contribute to the development of a political theology that take both God and law as central. Rather than operate abstractly, the paper works closely on passages from Exodus and Genesis that are themselves linked directly to what is at stake in "listening to God". The transformation of the immediacy of listening to the necessarily mediated response to the law is the move that the passages from the Torah entail. Within that setting, listening breaks the hold of immediacy and thus the possibility of any immediacy of reception. What is opened as a result, the argument continues, is an importantly different hermeneutic register and philosophical anthropology. SN 0007-1773 EI 2332-0486 DI 10.1080/00071773.2019.1687976 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496443900001 ER PT J AU Guyotte, KW AF Guyotte, Kelly W. TI Toward a Philosophy of STEAM in the Anthropocene SO EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY AB This paper proposes a philosophy of STEAM education in the current moment, the Anthropocene. Whereas many proponents of STEAM focus on outcomes related to cultivating a more creative and competitive generation of STEM workers, it is, more importantly, an approach to education that can foster spaces for transdisciplinary conversations surrounding critical issues of the Anthropocene - those of ethics, sustainability, and relationality. Thus, the question arises, How might we understand/practice STEAM education differently? This philosophy of STEAM in the Anthropocene is inspired by the guiding notions of Braidotti's affirmative ethics as well as Stengers and Ulmer's conceptions of slow(ing). These perspectives challenge the ideologies and practices that have created and sustained divisions between the arts and sciences, while also promoting different ways of engaging in/with the world. Entangled in this conceptual framework are three concepts that might guide STEAM education moving forward: transdisciplinarity, relationality, and responsibility. With these notions as inspiration, this paper asserts a philosophical vision that takes seriously the realities of our Anthropocenic present and considers how educators might move with, rather than push against, the challenges that continue to present themselves. SN 0013-1857 EI 1469-5812 DI 10.1080/00131857.2019.1690989 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495916700001 ER PT J AU Gentzel, M AF Gentzel, Michael TI Classical Liberalism, Discrimination, and the Problem of Autonomous Cars SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS AB This paper considers possible future legislation that requires the exclusive use of autonomous cars. The author develops and defends a 'Liberal Argument Against Mandated Autonomous Cars', which argues that such a law would be incompatible with classical liberalism, provided that the following condition holds: In the event where the car must 'choose' between running over a young person or an old person, or both, autonomous cars are programmed to respond by running over old people in order to save young people. Such a law requiring the use of these cars, provided that these assumptions hold, would violate the important value in classical liberalism that all individuals ought to be treated equally before the law. The paper concludes by arguing that alternative ways of dealing with this problem come with their own set of unpalatable problems. OI Gentzel, Michael/0000-0002-3825-2743 SN 1353-3452 EI 1471-5546 DI 10.1007/s11948-019-00155-7 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495940400001 PM 31721024 ER PT J AU Khatami, S Peel, MC Peterson, TJ Western, AW AF Khatami, Sina Peel, Murray C. Peterson, Tim J. Western, Andrew W. TI Equifinality and Flux Mapping: A New Approach to Model Evaluation and Process Representation Under Uncertainty SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AB Uncertainty analysis is an integral part of any scientific modeling, particularly within the domain of hydrological sciences given the various types and sources of uncertainty. At the center of uncertainty rests the concept of equifinality, that is, reaching a given endpoint (finality) through different pathways. The operational definition of equifinality in hydrological modeling is that various model structures and/or parameter sets (i.e., equal pathways) are equally capable of reproducing a similar (not necessarily identical) hydrological outcome (i.e., finality). Here we argue that there is more to model equifinality than model structures/parameters, that is, other model components can give rise to model equifinality and/or could be used to explore equifinality within model space. We identified six facets of model equifinality, namely, model structure, parameters, performance metrics, initial and boundary conditions, inputs, and internal fluxes. Focusing on model internal fluxes, we developed a methodology called flux mapping that has fundamental implications in understanding and evaluating model process representation within the paradigm of multiple working hypotheses. To illustrate this, we examine the equifinality of runoff fluxes of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a number of different Australian catchments. We demonstrate how flux maps can give new insights into the model behavior that cannot be captured by conventional model evaluation methods. We discuss the advantages of flux space, as a subspace of the model space not usually examined, over parameter space. We further discuss the utility of flux mapping in hypothesis generation and testing, extendable to any field of scientific modeling of open complex systems under uncertainty. RI Khatami, Sina/E-3157-2012; Western, Andrew W/G-1730-2011; Peterson, Tim/D-4683-2015; Peel, Murray/F-4621-2014 OI Khatami, Sina/0000-0003-1149-5080; Western, Andrew W/0000-0003-4982-146X; Peterson, Tim/0000-0002-1885-0826; Peel, Murray/0000-0002-3255-3692 SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 DI 10.1029/2018WR023750 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495830000001 ER PT J AU Saresella, D AF Saresella, Daniela TI Gramsci and the issue of religion: Catholic modernism and the Italian Partito Popolare SO HISTORY OF EUROPEAN IDEAS AB Gramsci's interest in Italian politics led him to tackle a key issue in the present-day discourse: the relationship between the Holy See and the national State. Additionally, he paid close attention to internal issues of Christianity, from its origins to his own times and - similar to many other socialist thinkers - he believed that there were several echoes between the early Christian experiences and contemporary socialism. From this arose his concern with the religious crisis of the early twentieth century - so-called 'Modernism' - as well as the story of the Partito Popolare (Popular Party, PPI), the organization founded by the priest Luigi Sturzo after the First World War, which was marked - especially amongst its left-wing components - by its anti-fascist positions. SN 0191-6599 EI 1873-541X DI 10.1080/01916599.2019.1634330 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495705500001 ER PT J AU Zhao, H Lu, M Yao, AB Chen, YR Zhang, L AF Zhao, Hao Lu, Ming Yao, Anbang Chen, Yurong Zhang, Li TI Learning to Draw Sight Lines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION AB In this paper, we are concerned with the task of gaze following. Given a scene (e.g. a girl playing soccer on the field) and a human subject's head position, this task aims to infer where she is looking (e.g. at the soccer ball). An existing method adopts a saliency model conditioned on the head position. However, this methodology is intrinsically troubled with dataset bias issues, which we will reveal in detail. In order to resolve these issues, we argue that the right methodology is to simulate how human beings follow gazes. Specifically, we propose the hypothesis that a human follows gazes by searching for salient objects along the subject's sight line direction. To algorithmically embody this hypothesis, a two-stage method is proposed, which is dubbed as learning to draw sight lines. In the first stage, a fully convolutional network is trained to directly regress the existence strength of sight lines. It may seem counterintuitive at a first glance as these so-called sight lines do not really exist in the form of learnable image gradients. However, with the large-scale dataset GazeFollow, we demonstrate that this highly abstract concept can be grounded into neural network activations. An extensive study is conducted on the design of this sight line grounding network. We show that the best model we visited can already outperform the state-of-the-arts by a large margin, using a naive greedy inference strategy. We attribute these improvements to modern architecture design philosophies. However, no matter how strong the sight line grounding network is, the greedy inference strategy cannot handle a bunch of failure cases caused by dataset bias issues. We identify these issues and demonstrate that those grounded sight lines, which is a unique ingredient of our method, is the key to overcome them. Specifically, an algorithm termed as RASP is introduced as a second stage. RASP has five intriguing features: (1) it explicitly embodies the aforementioned hypothesis; (2) it involves no hyper-parameters, thus guaranteeing its robustness; (3) if needed, it can be implemented as an integrated layer for end-to-end inference; (4) it improves the performances of all sight line grounding networks we inspected; (5) further analyses confirm that RASP works by alleviating those spotted dataset biases. Strong results are achieved on the GazeFollow benchmark. Combining RASP and the best sight line grounding network can bring mean distance, minimum distance and mean angle difference 45.85%, 42.60%, and 49.23% closer towards human performance when compared with state-of-the-arts. We also contribute a video gaze following benchmark called GazeShift, on which we further demonstrate the importance of RASP in video applications. Codes and models will be released, encouraging further research on the important task of gaze following. Along with our implementation, we contribute a well-engineered toolbox for joint subject tracking and gaze following. SN 0920-5691 EI 1573-1405 DI 10.1007/s11263-019-01263-4 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495960600001 ER PT J AU Uglik, J AF Uglik, Jacek TI Chance as an existential reality: on one of the most fundamental categories in Alexander Herzen's thought SO STUDIES IN EAST EUROPEAN THOUGHT AB The article emphasises that the importance of Herzen's philosophical input is related to his human-centered approach. There are three areas of investigation that are of particular importance in this context: responsibility, freedom and chance. I argue that according to Herzen, chance, by tearing apart the net of supposedly necessary causes and effects in the physico-social world, proves that the existence of man is best understood as a manifestation of man's free agency. Whereas the lack of freedom would mean that an individual is as determined as the objects that surround him, and consequently, that he cannot be held accountable for his deeds. OI Uglik, Jacek/0000-0003-2293-9855 SN 0925-9392 EI 1573-0948 DI 10.1007/s11212-019-09346-1 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495954400001 ER PT J AU Reichl, P AF Reichl, Pavel TI Making history philosophical: Kant, Maimon, and the evolution of the historiography of philosophy in the critical period SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB In this article I explore Maimon's role in the evolution of Kant's understanding of the function of the history of philosophy in philosophical enquiry. Kant is often viewed as holding an ambivalent relation to the history of philosophy. On the one hand, he dismisses past philosophers as victims of transcendental illusion and downplays the value of the historiography of philosophy. On the other hand, by framing his project as a synthesis of several philosophical traditions, Kant embeds the critical philosophy into a sweeping historical narrative in a manner that highlights the importance of the past for present philosophical aims. In this article, I argue that for most of his career Kant held a position reflective of the former view, but that the publication of Maimon's response to a prize question announced by the Royal Academy led Kant to develop an understanding of the history of philosophy more in line with the latter view. The result is a distinctively post-Kantian model for a 'philosophical history of philosophy' that is both methodologically nuanced and potentially relevant to contemporary debates. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1678110 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495536200001 ER PT J AU Gorichanaz, T AF Gorichanaz, Tim TI Conceptualizing self-documentation SO ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW AB Purpose - Self-documentation is an increasingly common phenomenon, but it is not yet well understood. The purpose of this paper is to provide a philosophical framework for analyzing examples of self-documentation on the dimensions of ontology, epistemology and ethics. Design/methodology/approach - The framework addresses these three major areas of philosophic thought by operationalizing insights from philosophy, chiefly the work of Martin Heidegger. Heidegger's concepts of authenticity and fallenness inform the poles of each dimension of the framework. Findings - Ontologically, self-documentation may manifest as document (authentic) or data (fallen); epistemologically, as understanding (authentic) or idle curiosity (fallen); and ethically, as self-care (authentic) or diversion (fallen). These dimensions are presented separately but are understood to be intermingled. Originality/value - This unified framework offers a lens for examining and comparing cases of self-documentation and self-documents. No such framework has previously been articulated, but given the ubiquity and growing importance of self-documentation, it is needed. OI Gorichanaz, Tim/0000-0003-0226-7799 SN 1468-4527 EI 1468-4535 PD NOV 11 PY 2019 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1352 EP 1361 DI 10.1108/OIR-04-2018-0129 UT WOS:000499269500016 ER PT J AU Gorichanaz, T AF Gorichanaz, Tim TI The self and the ontic trust: toward technologies of care and meaning SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & ETHICS IN SOCIETY AB Purpose Contemporary technology has been implicated in the rise of perfectionism, a personality trait that is associated with depression, suicide and other ills. This paper aims to explore how technology can be developed to promote an alternative to perfectionism, which is a self-constructionist ethic. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes the form of a philosophical discussion. A conceptual framework is developed by connecting the literature on perfectionism and personal meaning with discussions in information ethics on the self, the ontic trust and technologies of the self. To illustrate these themes, the example of selfies and self-portraits is discussed. Findings The self today must be understood as both individualistic and relational, i.e. hybrid; the trouble is a balance. To realize balance, the self should be recognized as part of the ontic trust to which all information organisms and objects belong. Thus, technologically-mediated self-care takes on a deeper urgency. The selfie is one example of a technology for self-care that has gone astray (i.e. lost some of its care-conducive aspects), but this can be remedied if selfie-making technology incorporates relevant aspects of self-portraiture. This example provides a path for developing self-constructionist and meaningful technologies more generally. Practical implications - Technology development should proceed with self-care and meaning in mind. The comparison of selfies and self-portraits, situated historically and theoretically, provides some guidance in this regard. Some specific avenues for development are presented. Originality/value The question of the self has not been much discussed in information ethics. This paper links the self to the ontic trust: the self can be fruitfully understood as an agent within the ontic trust to which we all belong. SN 1477-996X EI 1758-8871 PD NOV 11 PY 2019 VL 17 IS 4 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.1108/JICES-09-2018-0073 UT WOS:000497245700003 ER PT J AU Kristoffersen, AE Broderstad, AR Musial, F Stub, T AF Kristoffersen, Agnete E. Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild Musial, Frauke Stub, Trine TI Prevalence, and health- and sociodemographic associations for visits to traditional and complementary medical providers in the seventh survey of the Tromso study SO BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AB Background Patient-centered culturally sensitive health care (PC-CSHC) has emerged as a primary approach to health care. This care focuses on the cultural diversity of the patients rather than the views of the health care professionals. PC-CSHC enables the patient to feel comfortable, respected, and trusted in the health care delivery process. As users of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) rarely inform their conventional health care providers of such use, the providers need to identify the users of T&CM themselves to avoid negative interaction with conventional medicine and to be able to provide them with PC-CSHC. Since the patterns of traditional medicine (TM) use are different to those of complementary medicine (CM), the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, and the health- and sociodemographic associations for visits to TM- and CM providers in an urban population. Method The data were collected through two self-administrated questionnaires from the seventh survey of the Tromso Study, a population-based cohort study conducted in 2015-2016. All inhabitants of Tromso aged 40 or above were invited (n = 32,591) and n = 21,083 accepted the invitation (response rate 65%). Pearson chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA tests were used to describe differences between the groups whereas binary logistic regressions were used for adjusted values. Results The results revealed that 2.5% of the participants had seen a TM provider, 8.5% had seen a CM provider whereas 1% had visited both a TM and a CM provider during a 12-month period. TM users tended to be older, claim that religion was more important to them, have poorer economy and health, and have lower education compared to CM users. We found that more than 90% of the participants visiting T&CM providers also used conventional medicine. Conclusion A considerable number of the participants in this study employed parallel health care modalities including visits to conventional, traditional, and complementary medicine providers. To offer patient-centered culturally sensitive health care that is tailored to the patients' treatment philosophy and spiritual needs, conventional health care providers need knowledge about, and respect for their patients' use of parallel health care systems. EI 1472-6882 PD NOV 11 PY 2019 VL 19 IS 1 AR 305 DI 10.1186/s12906-019-2707-1 UT WOS:000496442900002 PM 31711478 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, W AF D'Alessandro, William TI Explanation in mathematics: Proofs and practice SO PHILOSOPHY COMPASS AB Mathematicians distinguish between proofs that explain their results and those that merely prove. This paper explores the nature of explanatory proofs, their role in mathematical practice, and some of the reasons why philosophers should care about them. Among the questions addressed are the following: What kinds of proofs are generally explanatory (or not)? What makes a proof explanatory? Do all mathematical explanations involve proof in an essential way? Are there really such things as explanatory proofs, and if so, how do they relate to the sorts of explanation encountered in philosophy of science and metaphysics? RI D'Alessandro, William/X-7924-2019 OI D'Alessandro, William/0000-0002-5451-079X EI 1747-9991 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 14 IS 11 AR e12629 DI 10.1111/phc3.12629 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495499200001 ER PT J AU van Wyhe, J AF van Wyhe, John TI Johann Gaspar Spurzheim: The St. Paul of phrenology SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES AB Franz Joseph Gall's wayward discipline Johann Gaspar Spurzheim greatly modified Gall's original system and introduced it to the English-speaking world. Through an active program of itinerant lecturing, publishing and converting disciplines, Spurzheim made phrenology. He also developed a philosophy of following the laws of nature that was adopted and further promoted by his disciple, George Combe. Combe's book The Constitution of Man (1828) became one of the best-selling works of its genre in the nineteenth century. Thus Spurzheim, never particularly original, exercised an enormous influence on nineteenth-century culture. SN 0964-704X EI 1744-5213 PD JAN 2 PY 2020 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1080/0964704X.2019.1683430 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495712600001 PM 31710573 ER PT J AU Renneville, M AF Renneville, Marc TI Matter over mind? The rise and fall of phrenology in nineteenth-century France SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES AB The history of phrenology in France has a number of unique features. It was in that country that F. J. Gall sought refuge; and it was, above all, in France that phrenology would subsequently attempt to establish its credentials as a new physiological science of the mind. Up until the 1840s, phrenology expanded rapidly in the country, a growth that coincided with attempts to provide this new field with the trappings of respectable scientific endeavor-courses of lectures, learned societies, journals, and so on. This ambitious intellectual project, despite its controversial nature, made a major cultural impact in the nineteenth century, both through its influence on the written word-from learned journals to the novel-and via its striking visual imagery (sculpture, anatomical diagrams and models, engravings, caricatures, and so on). However, as the scientific impact of phrenology declined, allusions to it lost much of their cultural force. On the borderline between respectable science and mere quackery, phrenology in France represented an attempt to construct a whole new intellectual universe based on scientific principles, and as such had a profound impact on its period. OI Renneville, Marc/0000-0001-5231-1167 SN 0964-704X EI 1744-5213 PD JAN 2 PY 2020 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1080/0964704X.2019.1683434 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495711600001 PM 31710574 ER PT J AU Adams, DC Collyer, ML AF Adams, Dean C. Collyer, Michael L. TI Comparing the strength of modular signal, and evaluating alternative modular hypotheses, using covariance ratio effect sizes with morphometric data SO EVOLUTION AB The study of modularity is paramount for understanding trends of phenotypic evolution, and for determining the extent to which covariation patterns are conserved across taxa and levels of biological organization. However, biologists currently lack quantitative methods for statistically comparing the strength of modular signal across datasets, and a robust approach for evaluating alternative modular hypotheses for the same dataset. As a solution to these challenges, we propose an effect size measure (ZCR) derived from the covariance ratio, and develop hypothesis-testing procedures for their comparison. Computer simulations demonstrate that ZCR displays appropriate statistical properties and low levels of mis-specification, implying that it correctly identifies modular signal, when present. By contrast, alternative methods based on likelihood (EMMLi) and goodness of fit (MINT) suffer from high false positive rates and high model mis-specification rates. An empirical example in sigmodontine rodent mandibles is provided to illustrate the utility of ZCR for comparing modular hypotheses. Overall, we find that covariance ratio effect sizes are useful for comparing patterns of modular signal across datasets or for evaluating alternative modular hypotheses for the same dataset. Finally, the statistical philosophy for pairwise model comparisons using effect sizes should accommodate any future analytical developments for characterizing modular signal. SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 DI 10.1111/evo.13867 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495471000001 PM 31657008 ER PT J AU Smith, SG AF Smith, Steven G. TI The Unavoidable Guidance in Language SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES AB Considering the profoundly collaborative nature of human communication, the notion of guidance needs more careful consideration and foregrounding in the philosophy of language. The practically crucial ideal of a well-balanced, fruitful relationship with a human guide motivates a conception of language as guidance, more specifically as the unavoidably applicable guidance in a communicative situation that language users are always in. The situation has at least three dimensions, with three corresponding forms of the guidance: (1) the performed guidance of the interlocutor in actual speech (cueing the speaker when to stop or change wording, for example); (2) the usage guidance of an available language; and (3) the basic teleology of the collaborative project of building up and maintaining a useful and interesting shared model of life in the world and providing for acceptable relations among communicating subjects. SN 0967-2559 EI 1466-4542 PD JAN 1 PY 2020 VL 28 IS 1 BP 18 EP 35 DI 10.1080/09672559.2019.1690543 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495565400001 ER PT J AU Christensen, W AF Christensen, Wayne TI Skilled action SO PHILOSOPHY COMPASS AB I focus on problems defining skill and a core theoretical dispute over whether skilled action is largely automatic or consciously controlled. The dominant view in philosophy and psychology has been that skills are automatic, but an emerging body of work suggests that conscious cognition plays a significant role. OI Christensen, Wayne/0000-0001-7146-285X EI 1747-9991 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 14 IS 11 AR e12631 DI 10.1111/phc3.12631 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495655100001 ER PT J AU Adnan, NL Kassim, CKHCK Ali, R AF Adnan, Noor Liza Kassim, Che Ku Hisam Che Ku Ali, Roziani TI Ethical ideology and information manipulation: are the relativists really the bad apples? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS AND SYSTEMS AB Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of ethical ideology (EID) toward the commission of information or measures manipulation (IMM), as it is a less salient ethical issue that has failed to attract the attention of researchers. Design/methodology/approach Using stratified random sampling strategy, this study used survey questionnaire with 217 usable responses. It adopted a relatively new Ruler-Option (RO) scale. Both SPSS 21 and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze its data. Findings Findings revealed surprising results where idealism and IMM was significantly positively related, while relativism and IMM was significantly negatively related, contradicting the generalized theory that relativists demonstrate higher propensity to behave unethically as compared to idealists. Research limitations/implications - This study only examined a direct relationship between EID and IMM when such relationship might be influenced by other mediating or moderating effects. It also exclusively focused on a single industry, hence limiting a meaningful comparison among multiple industries. Practical implications - The finding provides a proof that IMM does prevail in a highly regulated banking industry that efforts must be made to curb these practices. Notably, having relativists as decision-makers may give an advantage due to their ability to comprehensively appraise every ethical issue based on the situational context. Originality/value Due to its contradictory findings, this study contributed essential insights to the existing body of knowledge by stimulating discussion on EID and unethical behavior. Additionally, it provides evidence for the suitability of RO scale and the PLS-SEM in statistical analysis. SN 2514-9369 EI 2514-9377 PD NOV 11 PY 2019 VL 35 IS 4 BP 513 EP 530 DI 10.1108/IJOES-04-2019-0072 UT WOS:000493837600003 ER PT J AU Pavlova, T Zarutska, E Pavlov, R Kolomoichenko, O AF Pavlova, Tetiana Zarutska, Elena Pavlov, Roman Kolomoichenko, Oleksandra TI Ethics and law in Kant's views: the principle of complementarity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS AND SYSTEMS AB Purpose The purpose of this study is to consider the complementarity of ethics and law with regard to the problem of their common existence in society through the identification of common and different characteristics in the philosophy of I. Kant. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on the observation that in modern society ethics and law remain the main social regulators and their co-existence requires the definition of their interaction and complementarity. Also, as this problem is closely related to issues of freedom and obligation, it is necessary to show their role in ethics and law. Findings The results show that the complementarity of ethics and law is due to the obligation that unites them, and the categorical imperative is the only postulate of ethics and the rights to execute, which allows a person to always remain worthy of his name. Ethics also has the meaning of legal capacity, and law means the recognition of people moral independence by public authorities. Thus, the law must protect a person not only from arbitrariness on the part of other people but also from the state power. Originality/value This paper uses a philosophical approach, the utility of which is that ethics and law are studied as elements of normative regulation system of the society in terms of the phenomenal and noumenal nature of a man. It is proposed to consider ethics and law not only as different social regulators, which have their own specifics but also as complementary elements of a single social being, which should exist together and not attempt to substitute one another. RI Pavlov, Roman/S-2421-2017; Pavlova, Tetiana/S-8740-2017; Zarutska, Olena/AAE-4107-2019 OI Pavlov, Roman/0000-0001-7629-2730; Pavlova, Tetiana/0000-0001-7178-3573; SN 2514-9369 EI 2514-9377 PD NOV 11 PY 2019 VL 35 IS 4 BP 651 EP 664 DI 10.1108/IJOES-04-2019-0080 UT WOS:000493837600010 ER PT J AU Roberts, BE AF Roberts, Bradley Edward TI Husserl's epoche and the way of the sword: exploring pathways into phenomenological inquiry SO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB Purpose Phenomenology is widely recognised for its power to generate nuanced understanding of lived experience and human existence. However, phenomenology is often made inaccessible to prospective researchers due to its specialised nomenclature and dense philosophical underpinnings. This paper explores the value of the researcher's lived experience as a pathway into phenomenological inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to improve the accessibility of phenomenology as a method for qualitative analysis. It achieves this by aligning Husserl's concept of phenomenological epoche, or bracketing of preconceptions, and the author's lived experience as a practitioner of kendo, or Japanese fencing. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs the narrative vignette as a means of illuminating the intersections between kendo practice and the application of phenomenological epoche as it applies to the understanding of embodied sensemaking. Reflections on the narrative vignette identified a suite of techniques from kendo practice that were applied to a phenomenological approach for critical incident interviews. These techniques were then applied to 30 critical incident, semi-structured interviews as part of a PhD research project into embodied sensemaking. Findings The results from these interviews suggest that the kendo-derived techniques were effective in generating thick narratives from participants during semi-structured interviews. Examination of the results provided insights into the linkage between phenomenology as a continental philosophy and eastern perspectives such as those found within the Zen traditions and other aesthetic practices. Originality/value This research suggests that lived experience such as kendo practice can provide a ready-to-hand pathway to phenomenological inquiry. OI Roberts, Bradley/0000-0003-0654-8010 SN 1443-9883 EI 1448-0980 PD NOV 11 PY 2019 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1108/QRJ-02-2019-0022 UT WOS:000490234900004 ER PT J AU Gasparin, M AF Gasparin, Marta TI Reflections on the epistemology of design: a Simondonian analysis SO REFLECTIVE PRACTICE AB In this paper, I investigate what constitutes a design object and the process of creating it, using a Simondonian perspective. This perspective allows to reflect on how a design emerges, its epistemological, axiomatic, and reflective processes. I will use Simondon's theory on the mode of existence of technical objects to study design theories. This paper rethinks design as central in contemporary human sciences to propose a trans-disciplinary dialogue between design studies and philosophy, reflecting on the generation of knowledge in design. In this trans-disciplinary dialogue, I will analyse design as the outcome of a process that is innovative, emergent, fragile, existing in potentia until its boundaries are closed. I will contribute to design studies by demonstrating that the design's materiality is fluid and variates, that it changes until it is closed in the final product. Objects are formed at a certain moment, but their technicity and materiality precede and go beyond them. They do not exist as predetermined, multifaceted matter but as of the outcome of their variation and continuity, captured in the evolving form. In fact, until the form is closed, definite, the design is perpetually in assemblage. SN 1462-3943 EI 1470-1103 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 20 IS 6 BP 822 EP 833 DI 10.1080/14623943.2019.1689941 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495525100001 ER PT J AU Sorensen, BR Weisdorf, M AF Sorensen, Birgitte Refslund Weisdorf, Matti TI Awkward Moments in the Anthropology of the Military and the (Im)possibility of Critique SO ETHNOS AB One outcome of Denmark's recent military engagements in international conflicts is an emerging social category of veterans, exceeding 40,000 individuals. While the contemporary wars are 'distant wars', the veterans bring war home in various guises. For that reason, veterans have become a major political, professional, and scholarly matter of concern. This article explores co-existing framings of 'the veteran' with point of departure in the authors' engagements with veterans, professionals, and fellow academics. We focus on 'awkward fieldwork moments', when we felt caught between conflicting normative views of the veteran that each demanded different appropriate reactions, and scrutinise the (im)possibilities of critique that these situations present. By way of conclusion, we propose a pluralising attitude to this particularly charged field of inquiry; one, which neither condemns nor lauds ipso facto, but, ra-ther, dissects the discursive limits imposed on our reasoning and experiment with the possibility of braving them through empathetic engagement. OI Weisdorf, Matti/0000-0003-3361-0983 SN 0014-1844 EI 1469-588X DI 10.1080/00141844.2019.1688373 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000503291900001 ER PT J AU Oustinova-Stjepanovic, G AF Oustinova-Stjepanovic, Galina TI End of organized atheism. The genealogy of the law on freedom of conscience and its conceptual effects in Russia SO HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY AB In the current climate of the perceived alliance between the Russian Orthodox Church and the state, atheist activists in Moscow share a sense of juridical marginality that they seek to mitigate through claims to equal rights between believers and atheists under the Russian law on freedom of conscience. In their demands for their constitutional rights, including the right to political critique, atheist activists come across as figures of dissent at risk of the state's persecution. Their experiences constitute a remarkable (and unexamined in anthropology) reversal of political and ideological primacy of state-sponsored atheism during the Soviet days. To illuminate the legal context of the atheists' current predicament, the article traces an alternative genealogy of the Russian law on freedom of conscience from the inception of the Soviet state through the law's post-Soviet reforms. The article shows that the legal reforms have paved the way for practical changes to the privileged legal status of organized atheism and brought about implicit conceptual effects that sideline the Soviet meaning of freedom of conscience as freedom from religion and obscure historical references to conscience as an atheist tenet of Soviet ethics. SN 0275-7206 EI 1477-2612 DI 10.1080/02757206.2019.1684271 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495764800001 ER PT J AU Wang, T Wu, HL Yu, YJ Long, WJ Cheng, L Chen, AQ Yu, RQ AF Wang, Tong Wu, Hai-Long Yu, Yong-Jie Long, Wan-Jun Cheng, Li Chen, An-Qi Yu, Ru-Qin TI A simple method for direct modeling of second-order liquid chromatographic data with retention time shifts and holding the second-order advantage SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A AB Retention time shifts in chromatographic data severely affect the quantitative analysis of analytes of interest in complex systems. This paper offers a simple method for directly handing second-order liquid chromatographic data with retention time shift, and achieving qualitative and quantitative analysis of target analytes in the presence of overlapping peaks and unknown interference, which is the so-called "second-order advantage". The proposed method is named the alternating trilinear decomposition assisted multivariate curve resolution (ATLD-MCR) because it absorbs the basic philosophy of alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). ATLD-MCR was implemented by using the pre-decomposition results of ATLD as the initial values, MCR strategy for each sample slice matrix and the least squares optimization strategy. Three simulated data sets, a semi simulated LC-MS data set and a real HPLC-DAD data set were investigated by the proposed method, respectively. In addition, the resolved qualitative profiles and concentration values were compared with those obtained by the other three classical second-order calibration algorithms. ATLD-MCR performed well and obtained satisfactory qualitative and quantitative results for the analytes of interest in both the simulated and experimental systems, which proved that the newly proposed method could properly model the second-order chromatographic data with retention time shifts and severe signal overlapping. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 PD NOV 8 PY 2019 VL 1605 AR UNSP 360360 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.014 UT WOS:000500389200027 PM 31326090 ER PT J AU Smets, K AF Smets, Kevin TI Media and immobility: The affective and symbolic immobility of forced migrants SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AB Can we think about the role of media and information and communication technologies in the lives of forced migrants through the lens of immobility? The dominant focus in the communication studies literature is on mobility, movement and connectivity. Migration studies and anthropology however offer productive ways to conceptualize the mobility-immobility spectrum as well as the imaginative dimensions of (im)mobility. Building on two studies that were situated at the temporal and geographical edges of the 'European refugee crisis' - a 2015 study in a Syrian refugee camp in Turkey and a 2017-2018 study with Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Belgium - this article develops a conceptual framework of media and immobility in the context of forced migration. It coins the pair concepts affective immobility and symbolic immobility to highlight and understand practices of disengagement with media and information and communication technologies, agentic disconnectivity and feelings of symbolic fixedness. SN 0267-3231 EI 1460-3705 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 34 IS 6 SI SI BP 650 EP 660 AR UNSP 0267323119886167 DI 10.1177/0267323119886167 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496065300001 ER PT J AU Brami, MN AF Brami, Maxime N. TI The Invention of Prehistory and the Rediscovery of Europe: Exploring the Intellectual Roots of Gordon Childe's 'Neolithic Revolution' (1936) SO JOURNAL OF WORLD PREHISTORY AB This article re-examines the 'neolithic revolution'-Gordon Childe's great contribution to prehistoric archaeology. Childe first articulated his model of three revolutions in history-neolithic, urban and industrial-in 1936. Many authors have sought to understand it in the light of subsequent archaeological theory; here I proceed differently. A broader appreciation of the context in which Childe operated, in Britain and the rest of Europe, is necessary if we are to grasp fully the content of his model and the theoretical strands that influenced it. This article aims to elucidate the Neolithic as a historical construct and Childe's archaeology as a continuation of his politics. The facts are viewed from four perspectives: (a) personal, with biographical information about the young Gordon Childe; (b) institutional, through a description of the 1920s research landscape in London; (c) ideological, through an attempt to retrace the European Weltanschauung; and (d) conceptual, with a discussion of the 'neolithic revolution'. Childe's love-hate relationship with Germany and Austria heavily influenced his model, which is essentially a grand synthesis between the Kulturkreislehre (of Grabner) and the Dreistufenlehre (probably of Karl Bucher, through its critique by the Functionalists in London). The model's revolutionary structure comes from dialectical materialism. All three main building blocks of the 'neolithic revolution'-diffusionist, evolutionist and Marxist-ultimately derive from the great nineteenth century German historical tradition. An anti-fascist his entire life, Childe tried to rescue German ideas in face of the impending catastrophe-Hitler's arrival to power, and the destruction of Central European intellectual traditions. AbstractDieser Artikel unterzieht die neolithische Revolution", Gordon Childes bedeutendster Beitrag zur prahistorischen Archaologie, einer erneuten Untersuchung. Childe hatte sein Modell von den drei historischen Revolutionen-die neolithische, die urbane und die industrielle-zum ersten Mal im Jahre 1936 artikuliert. Viele Autoren haben versucht sein Modell im Lichte neuerer Forschungsarbeiten zu verstehen. Hier gehe ich anders vor. Eine Beurteilung des breiteren Kontextes, in dem Childe sowohl in Gro ss britannien als auch im ubrigen Europa tatig war, erschien notwendig, um den Inhalt seines Modells und den Einfluss der verschiedenen theoretischen Stromungen auf seine Schriften zu verstehen. Dieser Artikel lasst das Neolithikum als historisches Bauwerk und Childes Archaologie als Fortsetzung seiner politischen Tatigkeit erscheinen. Die Fakten werden aus vier verschiedenen Blickwinkeln dargestellt: a) individuell, basierend auf biografischen Informationen uber den jungen Gordon Childe; b) institutionell, durch Beschreibung der Forschungslandschaft Londons in den 1920er Jahren; c) ideologisch, durch den Versuch die europaische Weltanschauung wiederherzustellen; und d) konzeptuell, mit einer Diskussion uber die neolithische Revolution". Ich zeige, wie sein Hass-Liebe-Verhaltnis zu Deutschland und osterreich sein Modell stark beeinflusst hat, das im wesentlichen eine gro ss e Synthese zwischen der Kulturkreislehre (nach Grabner) und der Dreistufenlehre (moglicherweise nach Karl Bucher, uber die Kritik durch die Londoner Funktionalisten) ist. Die revolutionare Struktur des Modells wiederum stammt vom dialektischen Materialismus. Zusammenfassend lassen sich alle drei Hauptbausteine-Diffusionist, Evolutionist und Marxist -, die die neolithische Revolution"ausmachen, direkt oder indirekt aus der gro ss en deutschen historischen Tradition des 19. Jahrhunderts ableiten. Childe, der sein ganzes Leben lang Antifaschist war, versuchte die deutschen Ideen, vor der bevorstehenden Katastrophe zu retten, namlich der Machtergreifung Hitlers und damit der Zerstorung mitteleuropaischer intellektueller Traditionen. AbstractCet article propose un reexamen de la 'revolution neolithique'-la contribution majeure de Gordon Childe a l'archeologie prehistorique. Childe a elabore son modele des trois revolutions dans l'histoire, a savoir neolithique, urbaine et industrielle, en 1936. Beaucoup d'auteurs ont cherche a comprendre ce modele a la lumiere de travaux theoriques plus recents. Ici j'ai procede differemment. Une appreciation du contexte plus large dans lequel Childe a fonctionne, a la fois en Grande-Bretagne et dans le reste de l'Europe, a paru necessaire pour bien comprendre le contenu de son modele et l'influence des differents courants theoriques sur ses ecrits. Cet article fait apparaitre le Neolithique comme une construction historique et l'archeologie de Childe comme le prolongement de son activite politique. Les faits sont presentes sous quatre angles differents: (a) individuel, a partir d'informations biographiques concernant le jeune Gordon Childe; (b) institutionnel, a travers une description du paysage intellectuel du Londres des annees 1920; (c) ideologique, par une tentative de reconstitution de la Weltanschauung europeenne; et (d) conceptuel, avec une discussion de la 'revolution neolithique'. Je montre comment la relation ambivalente de Childe a l'Allemagne et l'Autriche a fortement influence son modele, qui est essentiellement une grande synthese entre la Kulturkreislehre (de Grabner) et la Dreistufenlehre (probablement de Karl Bucher, a partir de la critique des fonctionnalistes a Londres). La structure revolutionnaire du modele provient a son tour du materialisme dialectique. En somme, les trois elements -diffusionniste, evolutionniste et marxiste-qui constituent la 'revolution neolithique', proviennent directement ou indirectement de la grande tradition historique allemande du XIXe siecle. Antifasciste toute sa vie, Childe a tente de sauver les idees allemandes de la catastrophe a venir, a savoir l'arrivee au pouvoir d'Hitler et, avec lui, la destruction des traditions intellectuelles d'Europe centrale. SN 0892-7537 EI 1573-7802 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 32 IS 4 BP 311 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s10963-019-09135-y EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495354200001 ER PT J AU Harris, JA AF Harris, James A. TI The interpretation of Locke's Two Treatises in Britain, 1778-1956 SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB This paper describes how Locke's Two Treatises of Government was read in Britain from Josiah Tucker to Peter Laslett. It focuses in particular upon how Locke's readers responded to his detailed and lengthy engagement with the patriarchalist political thought of Sir Robert Filmer. In the second half of the eighteenth century, the debate between Locke and Filmer continued to provide the framework within which political obligation was discussed. A hundred years later that had changed, to the point where Locke's readers found it unintelligible that he argued against Filmer and not Hobbes. I explain this in terms of the development in nineteenth-century Britain of a new conception of the history of political philosophy, the product of interest in the Hegelian theory of the state. The story told here is offered as one example of how understandings of the history of philosophy are shaped by understandings of philosophy itself. OI Harris, James Anthony/0000-0002-0333-3754 SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1677215 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495003000001 ER PT J AU Carroll, TD AF Carroll, Thomas D. TI 'Grasping the Difficulty in its Depth': Wittgenstein and Globally Engaged Philosophy SO SOPHIA AB In recent years, philosophers have used expressions of Wittgenstein's (e.g., 'language-games,' 'form of life,' and 'family resemblance') in attempts to conceive of the discipline of philosophy in a broad, open, and perhaps global way. These Wittgenstein-inspired approaches indicate an awareness of the importance of cultural and historical diversity for approaching philosophical questions. While some philosophers have taken inspiration from Wittgenstein in embracing contextualism in philosophical hermeneutics, Wittgenstein himself was more instrumental than contextual in his treatment of other philosophers; his focus in his writings was on his own philosophical problems. Does this mean that Wittgensteinian philosophy is a poor resource after all for comparative, cross-cultural, or globally engaged philosophy (i.e., if it is properly Wittgensteinian)? In this article, I examine the relevance of Wittgenstein to contextually sensitive philosophy through studies of his conceptions of history and culture, his interest in Spengler's philosophy of history, and recent scholarship by Hans-Johann Glock and Hans Sluga on the place of contextualism in Wittgenstein's analysis of philosophical problems. Ultimately, this article advances the view that there are strong resources in Wittgenstein's philosophy for those seeking a more globally engaged approach to the field. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0003-2890-9323 SN 0038-1527 EI 1873-930X DI 10.1007/s11841-019-00742-y EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495216700002 ER PT J AU Gokcumen, O AF Gokcumen, Omer TI Archaic hominin introgression into modern human genomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AB Ancient genomes from multiple Neanderthal and the Denisovan individuals, along with DNA sequence data from diverse contemporary human populations strongly support the prevalence of gene flow among different hominins. Recent studies now provide evidence for multiple gene flow events that leave genetic signatures in extant and ancient human populations. These events include older gene flow from an unknown hominin in Africa predating out-of-Africa migrations, and in the last 50,000-100,000 years, multiple gene flow events from Neanderthals into ancestral Eurasian human populations, and at least three distinct introgression events from a lineage close to Denisovans into ancestors of extant Southeast Asian and Oceanic populations. Some of these introgression events may have happened as late as 20,000 years before present and reshaped the way in which we think about human evolution. In this review, I aim to answer anthropologically relevant questions with regard to recent research on ancient hominin introgression in the human lineage. How have genomic data from archaic hominins changed our view of human evolution? Is there any doubt about whether introgression from ancient hominins to the ancestors of present-day humans occurred? What is the current view of human evolutionary history from the genomics perspective? What is the impact of introgression on human phenotypes? RI Gokcumen, Omer/J-6984-2013 OI Gokcumen, Omer/0000-0003-4371-679X SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 DI 10.1002/ajpa.23951 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495123400001 PM 31702050 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Smith, A Baigent, C Connor, M AF Garcia, Sara Smith, Alexander Baigent, Christiane Connor, Melissa TI The Scavenging Patterns of Feral Cats on Human Remains in an Outdoor Setting SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB Two cases of feral cat (Felis catus) scavenging were documented at the Forensic Investigation Research Station in Whitewater, Colorado. Human remains at the facility are placed outside, observed daily, documented with field notes, and photographed; decomposition is scored on a Likert scale. Scavenger activity is monitored with game cameras. The cases documented included: preferential scavenging of the soft tissue of the shoulder and arm, differential consumption of tissue layers, superficial defects, and no macroscopic skeletal defects. This pattern more closely parallels the documented pattern of bobcat (Lynx rufus) scavenging than that of domestic cats. Scavenging among felids is relatively rare, as felids typically prefer to hunt. Such cases studied in detail are relatively few, spatially relative, and lack statistical robustness. While only two examples are reported here, these cases are rare overall, and this documentation may help field investigators understand the place of feral cats within a local scavenger guild. SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.14238 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495148900001 PM 31703159 ER PT J AU Thomas, AD AF Thomas, Andrew D. TI Extended Modal Realism - a New Solution to the Problem of Intentional Inexistence SO PHILOSOPHIA AB Kriegel described the problem of intentional inexistence as one of the 'perennial problems of philosophy' (Kriegel Philosophical Perspectives 21(1), 307-340, 2007: 307). In the same paper, Kriegel alluded to a modal realist solution to the problem of intentional inexistence. However, Kriegel does not state by name who defends the kind of modal realist solution he has in mind. Kriegel also points out that even what he believes to be the strongest version of modal realism does not pass the 'principle of representation' and thus modal realism is not an adequate solution to the problem of intentional inexistence. In this paper, I respond to Kriegel by defending a modal realist solution that he did not consider in 2007, called 'extended modal realism' (EMR). EMR is a version of modal realism where possible worlds are not completely isolated as they are under the Lewisian model. Rather, under EMR worlds are, in a way, spatiotemporally related. The fact EMR worlds are related allows EMR to sufficiently pass the principle of representation and thus can be deemed a legitimate solution to the problem of intentional inexistence. I conclude that either EMR can pass the principle of representation in some cases or, and I think the more sensible option, we give up on the principle of representation altogether. SN 0048-3893 EI 1574-9274 DI 10.1007/s11406-019-00126-z EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495053800001 ER PT J AU Mohr, S Sorensen, BR Weisdorf, M AF Mohr, Sebastian Sorensen, Birgitte Refslund Weisdorf, Matti TI The Ethnography of Things Military - Empathy and Critique in Military Anthropology SO ETHNOS AB Reflecting on the troubled relationship between anthropology and the military, we do so by discussing the underlying epistemological, methodological, and moral claims of the distinction between an anthropology of and an anthropology for the military. Through the term ethnography of things military, we propose to reposition military anthropology as intense engagements with militarisation through empathic immersion in things military. We develop this term through feminist critiques of militarisation and compassion, through discussions of critique and empathy as part of (critical) ethnographic scholarship, and through anthropological debates about the relationality of fieldwork and ethnographer-interlocutor relations. Suggesting that an ethnography of things military relies on empathic engagements with military lifeworlds, we argue that the relationship between empathy and critique in military anthropology should be understood as a continuous collaborative (and not always predictable) process of interrogating military lifeworlds' frames of reference without necessarily sharing compassion or sympathy for them. OI Weisdorf, Matti/0000-0003-3361-0983 SN 0014-1844 EI 1469-588X DI 10.1080/00141844.2019.1687553 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000504389900001 ER PT J AU Smith, TA AF Smith, Thomas Aneurin TI Episodes of concealing: the invisibility of political ontologies in sacred forests SO CULTURAL GEOGRAPHIES AB Indigenous research has demonstrated how Indigenous ontologies are political and how they have been articulated politically to express counter-narratives to modern understandings of human-nature relations. This article argues that current characterisations of political ontology, particularly in relation to environmental conservation, have yet to fully take account of African Indigenous spiritualities. Current thinking on Indigenous ontologies and decolonial scholarship, and their political manifestations, faces two problems: (1) they assume the visibility and availability of Indigenous ontologies to 'doing politics' and (2) presumptions are made about the comparability of place-based Indigenous ontologies and wider attempts to reform the state, and that the political goals of Indigenous people will straightforwardly align with those of the researcher. Drawing from research on sacred natural site protection among the Nyiha in Mbozi District, southwestern Tanzania, I examine how these problems might be addressed in a context where notions of Indigeneity are articulated quite differently to those predominantly evident in current writing on Indigeneity and decolonial scholarship. Nyiha ontologies, although already-political at the local scale, resist becoming 'available' to environmental politics at wider scales, making straightforward notions of solidarity problematic. Through a particular encounter with Christian groups attempting to spatially appropriate Nyiha sites, I explore the various ways in which ontologies are made politically available and visible and how the Nyiha analyse Christianity as colonial. Finally, I turn to how Nyiha ontologies and their sacred forest sites are replete with 'episodes of concealing' and variable invisibilities, which call into question how visible practices are utilised as 'evidence-of-ontology', or as part of a wider decolonial project. SN 1474-4740 EI 1477-0881 AR UNSP 1474474019886837 DI 10.1177/1474474019886837 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496410300001 ER PT J AU Guo, XY Chen, G Sun, Y AF Guo, Xiaoyan (Grace) Chen, Gong Sun, Ya TI An ethical analysis of native-speaking English teachers' identity construction in a mainland China university SO JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL AND MULTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AB Informed by Foucault's (1988) notion of ethics and the four axes of ethical self-formation (Clark 2009. 'The Ethico-politics of Teacher Identity'. Educational Philosophy and Theory 41 (2): 185-200), this study explores how native-speaking English teachers (NETs) constructed their identities in relation to their lived experiences and practices at a university in mainland China. A multiple case study approach was employed using interviews with focal participants and reflective journals to understand their teaching experiences and practices as well as their meaning-making processes. Findings from the four cases suggest that participants constructed multiple and changing identities composed of various language teaching beliefs and practices. Whilst participants were influenced by dominant discourses which challenged their legitimacy as university teachers, the way individual teachers understood their professional experiences and interpreted the sociocultural constraints also played a critical role. Teacher identity self-practices and technologies of self were found to be important for helping NETs to negotiate favourable identities and liberate themselves from impositions. The article concludes with implications for NETs, host community and policy makers. SN 0143-4632 EI 1747-7557 DI 10.1080/01434632.2019.1684502 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496596600001 ER PT J AU Alvi, A AF Alvi, Anjum TI Levinas and ethics: The death of Pope John Paul II SO ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY AB The essay aims to identify the ethical dimension of the relation of the self with the Other/Beyond - as an indispensable aspect of human existence that underlies and forms a premise for any cultural phenomenon, and thus constitutes an unavoidable perspective in anthropology. By juxtaposing modern and non-modern perspectives on value, self, and freedom, this essay reclaims the ethical dimension for the cultural dominant of modernity from which, through the imposition of the self, it has been lost from sight. The argument for the ethical dimension is centrally embedded in the thought of Emmanuel Levinas and anchored in different philosophical and theological concepts. It is exemplified by the event of Pope John Paul II's death, which is taken as a synecdoche for his life and work that allows us to redefine the interrelated topics of religion and ritual as statements of ethics. SN 1463-4996 EI 1741-2641 AR UNSP 1463499618785529 DI 10.1177/1463499618785529 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496058700001 ER PT J AU Martin, K AF Martin, Keir TI Subaltern perspectives in post-human theory SO ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY AB Much recent anthropological theory demonstrates a concern to defend indigenous ontologies against allegedly singular and oppressive colonial or modernist settlements. These Western settlements are said to rely upon conceptual separations such as that between nature and culture or between nature and beliefs. Such conceptual separations are held to be at the heart of the malign effects that Western modernity is perceived as creating as they are relentlessly imposed upon non-Western indigenous peoples. De la Cadena, for example, argues that a distinction between (scientific) truth and (cultural) belief has been at the heart of modernist projects to disallow or marginalise the everyday and ritual relations with non-human 'earth beings' (such as living sacred mountains) that she describes as being central to Latin American 'indigenous' ways of being. The moves to protect the tubuan, a ritual figure and non-human actor held to be of great importance by many of Tolai people in Papua New Guinea's East New Britain Province, could easily be read through this framing, in which a modern Western ontology imposes a separation between a 'natural' order and 'cultural beliefs', which are relegated to a secondary order of importance. Although this framing looks very much like the perspective sometimes adopted by certain Tolai, it is far from the only perspective that can be advanced. In particular, this framing tends to most often be strongly rejected by those who are severely critical of the emerging postcolonial indigenous elite in Papua New Guinea. In simply advancing a framing that celebrates non-human agency as a rejection of colonial ontological imperialism, anthropology risks not only deliberately flattening out the ethnographic richness of the shifting perspectives of the people we work with but, in particular, silencing subaltern perspectives in a world of rapidly increasing socio-economic inequality. SN 1463-4996 EI 1741-2641 AR UNSP 1463499618794085 DI 10.1177/1463499618794085 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496070000001 ER PT J AU Marasco, R AF Marasco, Robyn TI Heliotropes SO PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL CRITICISM AB A reflection on Seyla Benhabib's Exile, Statelessness, and Migration, with a particular focus on her reconstruction of early critical theory and the 'Benjaminian moment' that links Hannah Arendt to Theodor Adorno. SN 0191-4537 EI 1461-734X PD JAN PY 2020 VL 46 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 AR UNSP 0191453719886099 DI 10.1177/0191453719886099 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496070700001 ER PT J AU Carey, J Vitz, R AF Carey, Jeremiah Vitz, Rico TI Mencius, Hume, and the virtue of humanity: sources of benevolent moral development SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB In this paper, we elucidate the moral psychology and what we might call the moral sociology of Mencius and of Hume, and we argue for three claims. First, we demonstrate that there are strong similarities between Mencius and Hume concerning some of the principal psychological sources of the virtue of humanity. Second, we show that there are strong similarities between the two concerning some of the principal social sources of the virtue of humanity. Third, we argue that there are related, though weaker, similarities between Mencius and Hume concerning some of the principal cognitive sources of the virtue of humanity. We conclude by suggesting that the number and nature of these similarities demonstrate the need for future research on the conceptual connections between Confucian and Humean moral philosophy, especially on the psychological and social sources of benevolent moral development. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1671310 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495535200001 ER PT J AU Beiser, F AF Beiser, Frederick TI Hegel and the history of idealism SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB This article attempts to expose an unwarranted narrowness in the study of idealism in nineteenth century philosophy, and to show that the field of idealism is much wider than usually assumed. This narrowness stems from the influence of Hegel's history of philosophy, which saw the idealist tradition as beginning in Kant, passing through Fichte and Schelling, and then culminating in his own system. This conception of history has been disseminated by Hegel's followers and still prevails today. I argue that this conception is too narrow for several reasons. First, it ignores the romantic idealists (Holderlin, Novalis, Schlegel); second, it excludes the opposing tradition of idealism of Herbart, Fries and Beneke, which affirmed (against Schelling and Hegel) transcendental idealism, an empiricist epistemology, the existence of the thing-in-itself and the value of the Kantian dualisms; and, third, it neglects the history of idealism after Hegel later in the nineteenth century, more specifically, the idealism of Trendelenburg, Lotze and Hartmann. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1661828 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494633700001 ER PT J AU Thorpe, A AF Thorpe, Anthony TI Why has critical realism not been used more in educational leadership and management research? A critical realist exploration SO JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REALISM AB Critical realism is an established post-positivist philosophy applied by researchers in a number of fields and yet it is little used in educational leadership and management (ELM) research. This article responds to calls from the field for a more critical approach to educational leadership and management research by offering critical realism as a way to address these concerns and it explores why critical realism has not featured more in the field, particularly as it could provide that more critical approach. The use of critical realism as an analytical approach as well as a content enables the linkage of the calls from ELM to critical realist features and then to some constraints upon its use in the field. The theory around the application of critical realism is advanced providing insights for researchers in its use, though no claim is made that critical realism is the only way to do so. OI Thorpe, Anthony/0000-0001-9274-7184 SN 1476-7430 EI 1572-5138 PD JAN 1 PY 2020 VL 19 IS 1 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1080/14767430.2019.1682813 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494717200001 ER PT J AU Appiah-Thompson, C AF Appiah-Thompson, Christopher TI The concept of peace, conflict and conflict transformation in African religious philosophy SO JOURNAL OF PEACE EDUCATION AB This article explores the African religious, cultural and philosophical dimensions of peace, conflict and conflict transformation. It seeks to examine African traditional religious and philosophical ideas as resources for the promotion of peace and justice and their implications for intra-state and inter-state conflict resolution activities. Specifically, it examines how the cultural dimensions of peace and conflict and its nonviolent resolution as expressed in the traditional religious and philosophical oral texts (the documented proverbs and symbols) of the Akan people of Ghana can contribute to our understanding and mechanisms for conflict transformation and peacebuilding strategies in Africa. It argues strongly for the promotion of some of the understudied positive elements in the religious and philosophical traditions of Africa for finding solutions or 'cures' for contemporary conflicts in Africa such as electoral disputes and internal ethnic conflicts, and their peaceful resolutions. Hence, it demonstrates how the African traditional methods for conflict resolution when effectively developed can substitute (or complement) in critical situations when the formal political institutions such as the Judiciary becomes ineffective. Finally, the study demonstrates how indigenous conflict transformation strategies can infuse some innovations, creativity and sustainability to the national and international attempts at resolving intractable African conflicts. RI Appiah-Thompson, Christopher/R-4200-2019 OI Appiah-Thompson, Christopher/0000-0003-3637-7232 SN 1740-0201 EI 1740-021X DI 10.1080/17400201.2019.1688140 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494705700001 ER PT J AU Freeling, BS Preston, TK AF Freeling, Benjamin S. Preston, Tamas K. TI How can ecologists thrive during the global environmental crisis? Lessons from the ancient world SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY AB When striving to meet an immense challenge, how can we, as restoration ecologists, flourish? Given the ongoing environmental crisis, it is normal to experience ecological grief and discouragement. This article discusses how insights from the ancient philosophy of Stoicism can help environmental practitioners navigate these troubling times. To overcome ecological grief, ecologists can draw on three tenets from Stoic thought: distinguishing between what we can and cannot control; recognizing our contribution as part of a broader community of environmental managers; and focusing on the intent of our actions. We believe that these ideas can help ecologists shoulder the emotional burden of modern environmental practice and focus on working toward a diverse and resilient biosphere. SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1191 DI 10.1111/rec.13042 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495079800001 ER PT J AU Muhlhoff, R AF Muehlhoff, Rainer TI Human-aided artificial intelligence: Or, how to run large computations in human brains? Toward a media sociology of machine learning SO NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY AB Today, artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning, is structurally dependent on human participation. Technologies such as deep learning (DL) leverage networked media infrastructures and human-machine interaction designs to harness users to provide training and verification data. The emergence of DL is therefore based on a fundamental socio-technological transformation of the relationship between humans and machines. Rather than simulating human intelligence, DL-based AIs capture human cognitive abilities, so they are hybrid human-machine apparatuses. From a perspective of media philosophy and social-theoretical critique, I differentiate five types of "media technologies of capture" in AI apparatuses and analyze them as forms of power relations between humans and machines. Finally, I argue that the current hype about AI implies a relational and distributed understanding of (human/artificial) intelligence, which I categorize under the term "cybernetic AI." This form of AI manifests in socio-technological apparatuses that involve new modes of subjectivation, social control, and digital labor. SN 1461-4448 EI 1461-7315 AR UNSP 1461444819885334 DI 10.1177/1461444819885334 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496074600001 ER PT J AU Ludlow, M AF Ludlow, Morwenna TI Making and Being Made: Some Preliminary Thoughts on Craft-Education as a Model for Christian Formation SO STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN ETHICS AB Craft-education was an important pedagogical model in the ancient world, but its importance was obscured by the common contrast between rhetoric and philosophy. Christian writers such as Gregory of Nyssa used craft-education as a model for Christian formation, because of its powerful emphasis on commitment, time, effort and the willingness of both pupil and teacher to submit to change. In the latter part of my article I will offer a preliminary assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of craft-education as a model for the process of Christian formation. SN 0953-9468 EI 1745-5235 PD FEB PY 2020 VL 33 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 14 AR UNSP 0953946819887911 DI 10.1177/0953946819887911 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000496063600001 ER PT J AU Li, L AF Li, Lin TI Teaching beyond words: 'silence' and its pedagogical implications discoursed in the early classical texts of Confucianism, Daoism and Zen Buddhism SO EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY AB In traditional Chinese philosophy, silence occupies a pivotal position by not being merely treated as the absence of speech, but also as the transcendence of it. Silence in early Confucianism implies the timing, subjects and issues to which one should not teach and talk about, and in depth it also refers to the manifestation of utmost sincerity rooted in the nature of both human and Heaven. For early philosophical Daoism, silence nicely represents the ineffable nature and spontaneous status of the Dao, the mother of myriad things and the principle by which they were ordered. The Daoist enthusiastically proclaims teaching without the use of words and governance without unreasonable interference. The Daoist silence is also based on the clear realization of the inescapable deviation amongst words, thought and truth, and such stance was further stressed by Zen Buddhism which reveals in nature the sunyata (emptiness) of all existences and thus enlightens the way of direct perception beyond words. In result, silence comes as a significant pedagogical method and an ideal realm to be reached; it implies not only silence in speech but also stillness in action and limpidity in mind. It also suggests that in the pursuit of true meaning the preoccupied goals and methods should be finally rested on silence, only by which can genuine perception emerge naturally. Silence in traditional Chinese philosophy has inspired abundant negative-like yet positive-targeting discourses and practices; a comprehensive discussion on them can deepen our understanding of the nature of knowledge, learning and teaching. SN 0013-1857 EI 1469-5812 DI 10.1080/00131857.2019.1684896 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495001600001 ER PT J AU Byrne, T AF Byrne, Thomas TI Husserl's 1901 and 1913 Philosophies of Perceptual Occlusion: Signitive, Empty, and Dark Intentions SO HUSSERL STUDIES AB This paper examines the evolution of Edmund Husserl's theory of perceptual occlusion. This task is accomplished in two stages. First, I elucidate Husserl's conclusion, from his 1901 Logical Investigations, that the occluded parts of perceptual objects are intended by partial signitive acts. I focus on two doctrines of that account. I examine Husserl's insight that signitive intentions are composed of Gehalt and I discuss his conclusion that signitive intentions sit on the continuum of fullness. Second, the paper discloses how Husserl transforms his 1901 philosophy in his 1913 revisions to the Sixth Logical Investigation, affirming that the occluded parts of perceptual objects are intended by empty contiguity acts. I demonstrate how he overturns the two core doctrines of his theory from the Investigations in these revisions, claiming that empty intentions are not composed of Gehalt and asserting that those acts break with the continuum of fullness. Husserl implements these changes to solve problems that arise from his recognition of two new kinds of intentions; darker and completely dark acts. Finally, in the conclusion, I cash out this analysis, by indicating that, in 1913, Husserl transforms his theory of fulfillment on the basis of his new insights about empty acts. SN 0167-9848 EI 1572-8501 DI 10.1007/s10743-019-09255-5 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494789400002 ER PT J AU Oliveira, MLD AF de Paula Oliveira, Maria Lucia TI Reflective Judgement and Prudential Rationality: A Contribution to an Inclusive Practical Application of Law SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE SEMIOTICS OF LAW-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE SEMIOTIQUE JURIDIQUE AB Hannah Arendt has developed a theory of the importance of judgment of taste for political manners, founded on the Kantian aesthetic theory. Nowadays this theory is considered a current theoretical reference for establishing a political way to reconcile the demands of the radicalization of deliberative democracy with the need for political inclusion (Iris Marion Young, Seyla Benhabib). Albena Azmanova in her The Scandal of Reason: A Critical Theory of Political Judgment proposes an inclusive political rhetoric. The political theory founded on judgment is based on Kant's philosophy; it was developed by Arendt and has greatly influenced the current debate, as an alternative theory in which the moral basis of law can be more sensitive to human contexts; a universalist theory more adequate for dealing with the tragic dimension of human life. The theory of political judgment uses the concepts of reflective judgment and 'enlarged thought' as its main concepts. As a starting point, a theory like this considers the singular judgments of justice that each person makes. The background, therefore, is not a rational foundation of principles, but the capacity of rational beings to make judgments. This post-metaphysical theory of law, based on a theory of judgment, is a critique of legal positivism, but presents itself as an alternative to the idealistic theory of law. But this theoretical project has received some criticism related to the adequacy of Arendt's rereading of Kantian philosophy and her attempt to approximate Kant's reflective judgment to the Aristotelian concept of phronesis. Some critics, such as Bryan Garsten, believe that Kant's rhetoric of public reason diminished and displaced the prudential faculty of judgment that Arendt is to be interested in reviving. Arendt's attempt to find a theory of judgment in Kant's aesthetic theory is not successful, in Garsten's view. Our purpose is to show that a critical theory of judicial judgment is not only possible, but necessary; Arendt's theory of judgment offers an important contribution to a critical theory of judicial judgment, particularly one devoted to the construction of a legal theory that prioritizes a politics of social inclusion. This theory proposes a critical approach to the project of the procedural conception of democracy, since it can mask social exclusion. An adequate understanding of judicial argumentation cannot forget that it happens in a rhetorical context: it is not only important what a discourse says, but how it says it. The radicalization of deliberative democracy supposes a revision of the ways judicial deliberation is thought: not by reference to universal or at least general principles, but taking into consideration what is 'critically relevant', with a view to remedying social injustice (following Azmanova). SN 0952-8059 EI 1572-8722 DI 10.1007/s11196-019-09666-9 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494786800001 ER PT J AU Atkinson, ML Tallman, SD AF Atkinson, Megan L. Tallman, Sean D. TI Nonmetric Cranial Trait Variation and Ancestry Estimation in Asian and Asian-Derived Groups SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB Traditionally, precontact Native Americans and Asian groups have been conflated for aspects of the biological profile due to their distantly shared genetic history, although this grouping remains largely unexplored. This study examines craniomorphic variability to ascertain whether Asian groups can be differentiated from each other and from Asian-derived groups using more fine-tuned models. Cranial and mandibular data for 35 nonmetric traits were recorded on precontact Native Americans (n = 150) and modern Japanese (n = 150) and Thai (n = 150) individuals. Chi-square analyses indicate that all groups exhibit statistically significant differences in most traits. Additionally, cross-validated binary logistic regression equations resulted in correct classification rates in the range of 65.0-93.3% and demonstrate that sex does not contribute to statistical models. Therefore, numerous traits provide discriminatory resolution that detects differences between the samples, thus highlighting the potential utility of nonmetric traits in identifying individuals beyond the traditional African, European, and Asian forensic ancestry groupings. SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.14234 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494579300001 PM 31693176 ER PT J AU Ferraro, E AF Ferraro, Emilia TI Coins, Beads, and Necklaces: On Light, Brilliance, and Sacredness in the Northern Andes SO MATERIAL RELIGION AB This paper explores the profoundly material dimensions of Andean Catholicism, an aspect that has been under-examined by anthropological inquiries of the Catholic expansion in the "New World", and its role in developing a unique Andean "material" ontology. Recent discussions on the inseparability of mind and matter in Andean worldviews manifest their embodiment of mind and matter by a shared matrix of animated substance, with all materials being attributed some kind of potency and agency. My paper presents the analysis of a specific form of jewelry, namely necklaces that combine colored beads, coins, and Catholic items, showing that in the area of fieldwork sacredness and its multiple manifestations are located in the world of Christianity, and manifested through specific materials associated with "light". Here-as elsewhere in the Andes-"enlightened" materials, imbued with the quality of radiance and brilliance, are material manifestations and sources of "the divine". SN 1743-2200 EI 1751-8342 PD OCT 20 PY 2019 VL 15 IS 5 BP 577 EP 598 DI 10.1080/17432200.2019.1676622 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494916600001 ER PT J AU Bacchetta, J AF Bacchetta, Justine TI Treatment of hyperphosphatemia: the dangers of high PTH levels SO PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY AB The control of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in pediatric chronic kidney disease is of utmost importance. Even though parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an important biomarker of mineral and bone disorders associated to CKD (CKD-MBD), calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D are also crucial and should be assessed together. In pediatric dialysis, high PTH levels have been associated with impaired longitudinal growth, bone disease, cardiovascular comorbidities, left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia, and even mortality (when PTH levels were above 500 pg/mL, i.e., 8.3-fold the upper normal limit (UNL)). As such, high PTH levels are for sure deleterious, but too low PTH levels have also been shown to impair growth and to promote vascular calcifications because of the underlying adynamic bone. This manuscript is part of a pros and cons debate for keeping PTH levels within the normal range in pediatric CKD, focusing on the pros. High bone turnover lesions can occur at lower PTH levels than "current" guidelines would suggest; thus, PTH alone is not a good predictor of the underlying osteodystrophy. PTH results can vary locally depending on the assay. Existing guidelines for PTH targets are conflicting and based on a very little evidence. However, the 120-180 pg/mL (2- to 3-fold the UNL) range is common to most of the guidelines; it seems to be a reasonable target in children undergoing dialysis, even though it does not correspond to "normal" PTH levels. As always, the philosophy of PTH levels in pediatric dialysis may be balanced, i.e., "not too low, not too high, and keep phosphate under control." SN 0931-041X EI 1432-198X PD MAR PY 2020 VL 35 IS 3 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s00467-019-04400-w EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494761300002 PM 31696357 ER PT J AU Chilovi, S AF Chilovi, Samuele TI Grounding-based formulations of legal positivism SO PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES AB The goal of this paper is to provide an accurate grounding-based formulation of positivism in the philosophy of law. I start off by discussing some simple formulations, based on the ideas that social facts are always either full or partial grounds of legal facts. I then raise a number of objections against these definitions: the full grounding proposal rules out possibilities that are compatible with positivism; the partial grounding proposal fails, on its own, to vindicate the distinctive role that is played by social facts within positivist accounts of law. Then, I present a more adequate and insightful formulation capable of solving their problems, which crucially relies on a robust notion of a social enabler. Finally, I model inclusive and exclusive positivism on the resulting template, and set out the advantages of the ground-enablers proposal. RI Chilovi, Samuele/AAH-6862-2019 OI Chilovi, Samuele/0000-0003-3169-4191 SN 0031-8116 EI 1573-0883 DI 10.1007/s11098-019-01370-5 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494929200001 ER PT J AU Zwick, R AF Zwick, Rebecca TI Fairness in Measurement and Selection: Statistical, Philosophical, and Public Perspectives SO EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT-ISSUES AND PRACTICE AB Selection decisions have a major impact on our education, occupation, and quality of life, and the role of standardized tests in selection has always been a source of controversy. Here, I consider various definitions of fairness in measurement and selection-those emerging from within educational measurement and statistics, those from philosophy, and finally, those from the public. I use examples of public challenges to selection practices to illustrate the fact that technical and philosophical definitions of fairness do not align well with public concerns. I emphasize the importance of promoting awareness of existing standards, advocating for the fair use of testing and selection practices, and communicating in a candid and straightforward way when engaging with test takers and test users. SN 0731-1745 EI 1745-3992 DI 10.1111/emip.12299 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494625500001 ER PT J AU Tang, WS AF Tang, Wing-Shing TI Town-country relations in china: back to the basics SO EURASIAN GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS AB This paper develops a nuanced understanding of town-country relations in China. Inherent in the current literature is the serious problem of randomly indigenizing experiences and concepts from the West. To restore this imbalance, this paper provides a preliminary attempt to develop a better understanding methodologically, epistemologically and theoretically. It argues first for the implementation of a spatial story methodology that takes spatio-temporal relations seriously; second, a nuanced concept of the state as dynastic empire-building which functions through a two-tier governing relationship in focus-field relationships; third, a rejection of dualism, advocating instead the idea of mutual embeddedness in order to decipher the subtle relationships between parts and whole; fourth, an interrogation of the appropriateness of spatial concepts like spatial reach, scale, level and territory; and, finally, a proposed concept of cheng-cum-xiang to eschew a dualistic approach to town-country relations. In conclusion, the paper suggests implications for debates within urban studies more generally. SN 1538-7216 EI 1938-2863 SI SI DI 10.1080/15387216.2019.1686407 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493894100001 ER PT J AU Malpas, I AF Malpas, Imogen TI 'Time-twisted space': an exploration of the synaesthetic continuum through the work of Vladimir Nabokov SO INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEWS AB The synaesthetic author Vladimir Nabokov undertakes extensive consideration of the relationship between time and space, and its manifestation in human perception, throughout his fictional and autobiographical writing. The following dissertation considers this in the light time-space synaesthesia, a neurological phenomenon where time is visualized in a spatial form often external to the subject's body. Using the idea that synaesthesia exists on a continuum alongside common constructs integral to cognitive perception such as cross-modality and metaphor, these three will be explored in detail in Nabokov's work through a multidisciplinary lens incorporating literature, cognitive science, philosophy and anthropology. SN 0308-0188 EI 1743-2790 PD OCT 2 PY 2019 VL 44 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 361 EP 386 DI 10.1080/03080188.2019.1681209 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494032200001 ER PT J AU Quinn, N Bromage, B Rowe, M AF Quinn, Neil Bromage, Billy Rowe, Michael TI Collective citizenship: From citizenship and mental health to citizenship and solidarity SO SOCIAL POLICY & ADMINISTRATION AB Although the concept of citizenship is a widely used theoretical framework within political philosophy, its use in the field of mental health remains underexplored. Within this context, citizenship emphasises the social inclusion and participation of people who are marginalized and offers a more social and relational view of services and support for people with mental health problems than has been common in mental health systems of care. At the same time, however, the citizenship approach has operated in the context of systems of care in the United States that favour highly individualized conceptions of, and approaches to, care, and these systems of care operate in the social and political context of highly individualized concepts of the citizen. In this article building on the work of other citizenship scholars, we argue that a collective form of citizenship, grounded in the 5Rs framework, holds the individual and collective in creative tension. Furthermore, the paper applies this model to the domain of mental health, where people are treated in individualistic ways and experience marginalisation, making the collective dimension imperative and promoting participation, empowerment and the contribution for social change to people with mental health problems. Our theoretical framework of collective citizenship, while geared toward the needs of persons with mental health problems, also contributes to recent citizenship theory on the inclusion of marginalized, stigmatised, and excluded groups. We illustrate the application of this approach through an ethnographic-participant observation case study of a collective citizenship group with which we are associated. SN 0144-5596 EI 1467-9515 DI 10.1111/spol.12551 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494568100001 ER PT J AU Gaur, A Talukder, AKM Deb, K Tiwari, S Xu, SM Jones, D AF Gaur, Abhinav Talukder, A. K. M. Khaled Deb, Kalyanmoy Tiwari, Santosh Xu, Simon Jones, Don TI Unconventional optimization for achieving well-informed design solutions for the automobile industry SO ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION AB In practice, engineering optimization problems come in various complexities that are different from the usual problem formulations used in a single academic study. To solve such unconventional description of problems, optimization experts must use different tools and tricks first to reformulate the problems as structured optimization problems and then to use an appropriate adaptation of existing optimization algorithms to solve them. In this article, a design optimization case study from the automobile industry is narrated, stating three different problem solving scenarios arising sequentially after each problem is solved. The article shows how each problem description can be formulated as a suitable optimization problem and how a suitable and existing optimization algorithm can be modified to find the respective solutions of interest to the engineer. The sequential reformulation of problems and their solutions not only allow engineers eventually to discover the final solutions of interest, the whole process is extremely rewarding to them in terms of knowledge gathered about alternative potential solutions of the problem. Although applied to a single automotive design problem in this article, the philosophy and methods described here are generic and should motivate both engineering optimization researchers and the industry to pursue more such studies. RI Deb, Kalyanmoy/B-1563-2009 OI Deb, Kalyanmoy/0000-0001-7402-9939 SN 0305-215X EI 1029-0273 DI 10.1080/0305215X.2019.1651310 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495567600001 ER PT J AU Javanmardi, E Liu, SF Xie, NM AF Javanmardi, Ehsan Liu, Sifeng Xie, Naiming TI Exploring the Philosophical Paradigm of Grey Systems Theory as a Postmodern Theory SO FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE AB Every scientific or intellectual movement is founded upon basic assumptions and hypotheses that shape its specifically formulated philosophy. This study seeks to explore and explicate the basic philosophical underpinnings of grey systems theory (GST), as well as the paradigm governing its postulates. The study, more specifically, scrutinizes the underlying principles of GST from the perspective of postmodern philosophy. To accomplish this, the epistemology, ontology, human nature, and methodology of GST are substantially investigated in the light of postmodern philosophy. The study draws on Burrell and Morgan's framework to reveal the paradigm underlying the philosophy of GST. Results demonstrate that GST is an anti-realistic, anti-positivistic, and non-deterministic theory which is inherently pluralistic and ideographic. Based on the principles of GST, change is an indispensable dimension of human speculation about the world and systems, and knowledge is ceaselessly reproduced as new information is collected. As a result, knowledge, narratives, theories and scientific laws are dynamically changed. GST, then, is remarkably compatible with the foundations of postmodern thought and it could be regarded as a postmodern theory governed by a humanistic paradigm. OI Javanmardi, Ehsan/0000-0003-0184-4689 SN 1233-1821 EI 1572-8471 DI 10.1007/s10699-019-09640-5 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494382300001 ER PT J AU Loumansky, A AF Loumansky, Amanda TI Levinas's Contribution to the Law of Hospitality SO LIVERPOOL LAW REVIEW AB This article examines the ethical thinking of Levinas, from which Derrida's Law of Hospitality is derived, to see if it is sustainable in the face of Badiou's claim that transcendence cannot be admitted into the body of philosophical thought. Is Levinas, as Badiou argues, seeking to smuggle religion into philosophy and if so does this attempt amount to no more than an anti-philosophy theology which has to be resisted for the integrity of philosophy? Dissenting from this view I return to Levinas and consider the problematisation with ethics which accompanies the arrival of the Third that, on the face of it supports Badiou's claim he is engaged in a form of virtue signalling which is without relevance to the concerns of life. I then go on and refute Zizek's claim that Levinas's Other shares an origin (conceptually) with the Nazi Other. The article concludes by examining the contribution of transcendence. I consider that it does have a place in philosophy and that it is dogmatic and unnecessary to suggest otherwise. I suggest that transcendence allows us to look at the concept of the Good in a way that the thinking of materialists, such as Badiou never can. Levinas allows us to conceive of a conscience of the law that introduces justice and holds the law to account by challenging its claims to be acting justly. This connects our thinking on the subject to Western tradition which materialism would rupture in its pursuit of philosophical purity claiming as it does to be a defence of philosophical integrity. SN 0144-932X EI 1572-8625 DI 10.1007/s10991-019-09236-w EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494510300001 ER PT J AU Cantor, L AF Cantor, Lea TI Zhuangzi on 'happy fish' and the limits of human knowledge SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB The "happy fish" passage concluding the "Autumn Floods" chapter of the Classical Chinese text known as the Zhuangzi has traditionally been seen to advance a form of relativism which precludes objectivity. My aim in this paper is to question this view with close reference to the passage itself. I further argue that the central concern of the two philosophical personae in the passage - Zhuangzi and Huizi - is not with the epistemic standards of human judgements (the established view since Hansen, "The Relatively Happy Fish"), but with the more basic problem of species-specific perspectives. On my reading, Zhuangzi's emphatic positionality in the passage - on the dam, accompanied by his friend Huizi - plausibly suggests a circumspect reflection on the limitedness of human knowledge. It is significant that Zhuangzi's knowledge of fish happiness is avowedly from a certain place, and not absolute. But there is still a sense in which this view is objective: namely, insofar as it adequately accounts for an inherently human perspective on the world. I call this modest form of relativism 'Species Relativism', which, crucially, leaves room for objectivity, even though a fully objective (i.e. absolute) view of the world is not accessible to humans. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1667294 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494020600001 ER PT J AU Vrahimis, A AF Vrahimis, Andreas TI Sense data and logical relations: Karin Costelloe-Stephen and Russell's critique of Bergson SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB Though scholarship has explored Karin Costelloe-Stephen's contributions to the history of psychoanalysis, as well as her relations to the Bloomsbury Group, her philosophical work has been almost completely ignored. This paper will examine her debate with Bertrand Russell over his criticism of Bergson. Costelloe-Stephen had employed the terminology of early analytic philosophy in presenting a number of arguments in defence of Bergson's views. Costelloe-Stephen would object, among other things, to Russell's use of an experiment which, as she points out, was first conducted by Carl Stumpf. Russell appeals to Stumpf's experiment in his attempt to prove that sense data are terms in logical relations, a thesis presupposed by the project of logical analysis outlined in Our Knowledge of the External World. A reformulated version of Costelloe-Stephen's argument put forth by this paper shows that Russell's argument fails to provide adequate proof for his thesis. Further modifications of the argument can also address a reconstruction (based on contemporary reports) of Russell's reply to Costelloe-Stephen. In his reply, Russell would use, already in 1914, the term 'analytic philosophy' in contrasting his and Moore's approach to a continental one, exemplified by Bergson and Costelloe-Stephen. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1671311 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493875500001 ER PT J AU Ben-Moshe, N AF Ben-Moshe, Nir TI An Adam Smithian account of moral reasons SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY AB The Humean Theory of Reasons, according to which all of our reasons for action are explained by our desires, has been criticized for not being able to account for "moral reasons," namely, overriding reasons to act on moral demands regardless of one's desires. My aim in this paper is to utilize ideas from Adam Smith's moral philosophy in order to offer a novel and alternative account of moral reasons that is both desire-based and accommodating of an adequate version of the requirement that moral demands have overriding reason-giving force. In particular, I argue that the standpoint of what Smith calls "the impartial spectator" can both determine what is morally appropriate and inappropriate and provide the basis for normative reasons for action-including reasons to act on moral demands-to nearly all reason-responsive agents and, furthermore, that these reasons have the correct weight. The upshot of the proposed account is that it offers an interesting middle road out of a dilemma pertaining to the explanatory and normative dimensions of reasons for informed-desire Humean theorists. SN 0966-8373 EI 1468-0378 DI 10.1111/ejop.12495 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494303700001 ER PT J AU Viscomi, JJ AF Viscomi, Joseph John TI Pontremoli's cry: Personhood, scale, and history in the Eastern Mediterranean SO HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY AB This article explores the relationship between personhood and participation in wider political worlds that encompass (and dismantle) national, transnational and regional scales. It does so through a microhistorical study of Moise Pontremoli, an Italian Sephardic Jew displaced from Izmir to Alexandria and finally to Rome between the 1920s and the 1960s. After having returned to Egypt from the First World War as a 'wounded Italian veteran', Pontremoli purchased a plot of desert land from local Bedouin. This land became home to his experimental farm. He wrote expressively on his greening of the desert landscape during the interwar years, until he was cut off from it by the Second World War. Between 1952 and 1956 local authorities destroyed his crops and sequestered his land. He petitioned the Egyptian Sequestrate and received minor compensation; then, in a much longer and unanswered battle, he pursued Italian diplomatic authorities for what he saw as their abandon in favour of state interests and a diplomacy of political 'friendship' with Egypt's emergent nationalist regime. He wrote obsessively to journalists, politicians, lawyers, human rights activists, and to anyone who might listen to his case. With great frustration, Pontremoli repatriated in 1963 and settled in Rome to continue his campaign. His letters gained attention only in the turbulent years of late-1960s Italy, just before his death in 1968. This article argues that Pontremoli's articulation of personhood through his wounded body and lost land knotted histories of migration, empire, war, and decolonization into one tale of twentieth-century Mediterranean discontent. SN 0275-7206 EI 1477-2612 DI 10.1080/02757206.2019.1687463 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494255000001 ER PT J AU Thornton, K Nath, N Hu, YY Jia, J AF Thornton, Kim Nath, Nirmala Hu, Yuanyuan Jia, Jing TI Meaning, perceptions and use of lean - a New Zealand perspective SO PACIFIC ACCOUNTING REVIEW AB Purpose This study aims to explore how lean and lean dimensions are perceived by senior managers in New Zealand (NZ). The authors use Searcy's (2004) framework to establish how lean performance dimensions differ in importance in terms of sector, size and users of lean, thus, revealing the motivations and benefits of lean from the view of lean organisations. Design/methodology/approach Data were primarily sourced using an online survey tool. A thematic approach was used to establish an understanding of lean by NZ senior managers. An analytical hierarchy process model was used to determine if the relative importance of the lean performance dimensions is perceived differently between manufacturing and service organisations, large firms and small- and medium-sized enterprises and adopters and non-adopters of lean. The results are informed by Searcy's (2004) framework. Findings The study reveals efficiency, elimination of waste, cost reduction and meeting customer demands based on secondary sources, to be the current prevalent dimensions of lean in NZ. Managers are yet to realise the importance of customer value and product quality, and the former is at the heart of the successful diffusion of lean dimensions. Customer value is beyond satisfying customer demands and needs; the focus is on how the authors can understand the customers. Research limitations/implications - The sample size limits the generalisability of the results. Practical implications - The study suggests that practitioners, including managers, need to incorporate customer demand and satisfaction into their lean performance dimensions to improve effectiveness. This group of actors should be instrumental in taking the lean philosophy, tools and techniques to NZ firms by hosting in-house training and seminars at regional and national levels. Furthermore, academics should incorporate lean studies as a programme/course in their respective tertiary institutions so that graduates can take this phenomenon to their workplace. Originality/value This study contributes to the understanding of lean within a NZ business context and provides evidence that NZ corporate managers need to incorporate customer value and product quality aspects when adopting lean. SN 0114-0582 EI 2041-5494 PD NOV 4 PY 2019 VL 31 IS 4 SI SI BP 711 EP 730 DI 10.1108/PAR-11-2017-0091 UT WOS:000501139900009 ER PT J AU Lehmann, OV Brinkmann, S AF Lehmann, Olga V. Brinkmann, Svend TI "Humbled by Life": Poetic Representations of Existential Pathways and Personal Life Philosophies Among Older Adults in Norway SO QUALITATIVE INQUIRY AB In this article, we support the use of poetic representations to study experiential and existential meaning-making. We do so by presenting five spoken-word poems, which we created out of the transcriptions of 14 in-depth interviews with Norwegian older adults, prior to their enrollment in a biographical writing course. The poetic representations which have been named by themes from the transcript are (a) Where love takes us, (b) Relax during catastrophes, (c) Learning to see humankind as one common humanity, (d) Listen inward, (e) Life is, indeed, too short. Each poetic representation condenses diverse meanings and perspectives about life. They also maintain the anonymity of participants, as the plurality of their voices becomes one within the stanzas. While presenting this creative form of qualitative inquiry and providing some methodological reflections, we also discuss the implications of this approach for the theoretical development of the notions of personal life philosophies and existential pathways in cultural psychology. SN 1077-8004 EI 1552-7565 AR UNSP 1077800419885414 DI 10.1177/1077800419885414 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495313900001 ER PT J AU Fedorov, AA AF Fedorov, Alexandr A. TI The place of psychology in Whittaker's circular classification of the sciences SO THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY AB This article discusses the place of psychology in Whittaker's circular classification of the sciences. It is shown that it was Thomas Whittaker who undertook the first attempt to build a closed circular scheme on the basis of a linear series of sciences in 1903, fifteen years before Piaget. Whittaker decomposed psychology into two independent fundamental sciences (animal psychology and human psychology) and was able to preserve psychology's connection with philosophy, social, and natural sciences. Whittaker's approach shows that psychology may not be a holistic science. The fruitfulness of this approach is related to the fact that considering "psychological sciences" as different disciplines we are not obliged to construct a single subject matter of psychology. RI Fedorov, Aleksandr/E-5862-2014 OI Fedorov, Aleksandr/0000-0003-1272-7859 SN 0959-3543 EI 1461-7447 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 29 IS 6 BP 820 EP 832 AR UNSP 0959354319884637 DI 10.1177/0959354319884637 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495314000001 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Sharma, P Jain, A Xue, HB Malik, SC Jha, PC AF Gupta, Anshu Sharma, Pallavi Jain, Akansha Xue, Hongbo Malik, S. C. Jha, P. C. TI An integrated DEMATEL Six Sigma hybrid framework for manufacturing process improvement SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH AB Six Sigma is a widely practiced, systematic, and structured methodology embedded with statistical methods and managerial philosophies for quality improvement by large firms along with small firms in the industrialized economies. Application of Six Sigma in Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in developing economies is limited due to several barriers these firms face. In academic literature, there is unavailability of sufficient evidence of successful implementation of the practice in these firms to encourage and provide a roadmap for its implementation. Thus, there is a need for studies that presents frameworks with illustrative case studies demonstrating the implementation of Six Sigma in MSMEs. In the present times, MSME firms in developing economies are facing competition from world leaders, and thus it has become essential for them to focus on the quality of their manufacturing products and at the same time being productive and efficient. Moreover, in the literature, it is observed that the potential of operations research (OR) methods is not sufficiently explored in Six Sigma studies. OR-based methods and tools should be integrated into Six Sigma implementation frameworks as these methods expand the application portfolio and tackle some of the barriers that limit the application of Six Sigma in small-scale firms. In this paper, a Six Sigma implementation framework for an MSME organization is developed incorporating Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, apart from other conventional tools like cause and effect analysis, benefit effort analysis, Pareto analysis, control charts, etc. The proposed framework is illustrated in detail with the help of a real-life case study of an MSME in India. The results obtained after the implementation of this framework signify that the incorporation of MCDM in Six Sigma lead to a significant improvement in the sigma level of the firm despite of unavailability of sufficient resources. SN 0254-5330 EI 1572-9338 DI 10.1007/s10479-019-03341-9 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493953200001 ER PT J AU Friedrich, AB AF Friedrich, Annie B. TI More Than "Spending Time with the Body": The Role of a Family's Grief in Determinations of Brain Death SO JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY AB In many ways, grief is thought to be outside the realm of bioethics and clinical ethics, and grieving patients or family members may be passed off to grief counselors or therapists. Yet grief can play a particularly poignant role in the ethical encounter, especially in cases of brain death, where the line between life and death has been blurred. Although brain death is legally and medically recognized as death in the United States and elsewhere, the concept has been contentious since its inception in 1968. Yet in most cases, families are not allowed to reject the determination of brain death. Apart from religious exemptions, families have no recourse to reject this controversial determination of death. This paper explores the role of grief in brain death determinations and argues that bioethics has failed to address the complexity of grief in determinations of brain death. Grief ought to have epistemological weight in brain death determinations because of the contested nature of the diagnosis and the unique ways in which grief informs the situation. Thus, I argue that, in some rare cases, reasonable accommodation policies should be expanded to allow for refusals of brain death determinations based on the emotional and moral force of grief. By drawing on ethnographic accounts of grief in other cultures, I problematize the current procedural and linear understandings of grief in brain death determinations, and I conclude by offering a new way in which to understand the case of Jahi McMath. SN 1176-7529 EI 1872-4353 DI 10.1007/s11673-019-09943-z EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493929900001 PM 31686353 ER PT J AU Rochefort, DA AF Rochefort, David A. TI Innovation and Its Discontents: Pathways and Barriers in the Diffusion of Assertive Community Treatment SO MILBANK QUARTERLY AB Policy Points Widespread diffusion of policy innovation is the exception rather than the rule, depending as it does on the convergence of a variety of intellectual, political, economic, and organizational forces. The history of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) provides a compelling case study of this process while also showing how conditions may shift over time, altering the scenarios for continued program expansion. Diffusion of a program like ACT challenges government to play a nuanced role in which public endorsement and resources are used to strengthen a worthwhile service, but without suppressing flexibility and ongoing experimentation as core program values. Acceptance as a proven form of "evidence-based practice" is a critical element in the validation of ACT and other community mental health interventions that combine clinical and social features in novel ways. However, the use of conventional evidence-based research as a singular gold standard of program value narrows the range of stakeholder input, as well as the evaluation methodologies and forms of data deemed worthy of attention. Context Originating at the county level in Wisconsin in the early 1970s, Assertive Community Treatment is one of the most influential mental health programs ever developed. The subject of hundreds of research studies and recipient of enthusiastic backing from private advocacy organizations and government agencies, the program has spread widely across the United States and internationally as a package of resources and management techniques for supporting individuals with severe and chronic mental illness in the community. Today, however, ACT is associated with a rising tide of criticism challenging the program's practices and philosophy while alternative service models are advancing. Methods To trace the history of the Assertive Community Treatment movement, a diffusion-of-innovation framework was applied based on relevant concepts from public policy analysis, organizational behavior, implementation science, and other fields. In-depth review of the literature on ACT design, management, and performance also provided insight into the program's creation and subsequent evolution across different settings. Findings A number of factors have functioned to fuel and to constrain ACT diffusion. The former category includes policy learning through research; the role of policy entrepreneurs; ACT's acceptance as a normative standard; and a thriving international epistemic community. The latter category includes cost concerns, fidelity demands, shifting norms, research contradictions and gaps, and a multifactorial context affecting program adoption. Currently, the program stands at a crossroads, strained by the principle of adherence to a long-standing operational framework, on the one hand, and calls to adjust to an environment of changing demands and opportunities, on the other. Conclusions For nearly 50 years, Assertive Community Treatment has been a mainstay of community mental health programming in the United States and other parts of the world. This presence will continue, but not in any static sense. A growing number of hybrid and competing versions of the program are likely to develop to serve specialized clientele groups and to respond to consumer demands and the recovery paradigm in behavioral health care. SN 0887-378X EI 1468-0009 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1199 DI 10.1111/1468-0009.12429 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493830900001 PM 31680353 ER PT J AU Chiffi, D Andreoletti, M AF Chiffi, Daniele Andreoletti, Mattia TI What's Going to Happen to Me? Prognosis in the Face of Uncertainty SO TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AB Reasoning in medicine requires the critical use of a clinical methodology whose validity must be evaluated as well as its limits. In the last decade, an increasing amount of evidence has shown severe limitations and flaws in the conduct of prognostic studies. The main reason behind this fact is that prognostic judgments are at high risk of error. In this paper we investigate the pragmatic and illocutionary aspects of different forms of linguistic acts and judgments involved in clinical practice. More specifically, we analyze the role of (fundamental) uncertainty with regard to 'particular' clinical judgments and its relation with 'general' evidence. Focusing on how prognostic judgments are formulated and justified, our main purpose is to highlight the explication, the structure and the limits of prognosis from a linguistic and epistemological perspective. RI Andreoletti, Mattia/AAA-1738-2020 OI Andreoletti, Mattia/0000-0003-1880-0770 SN 0167-7411 EI 1572-8749 DI 10.1007/s11245-019-09684-z EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493952700001 ER PT J AU Liu, YW Cui, SP Liu, H Jin, MH Ni, FL Li, ZQ Li, CY AF Liu, Yiwei Cui, Shipeng Liu, Hong Jin, Minghe Ni, Fenglei Li, Zhiqi Li, Chongyang TI Robotic hand-arm system for on-orbit servicing missions in Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory SO ASSEMBLY AUTOMATION AB Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a robotic hand-arm system for on-orbit servicing missions at the Tiangong-2 (TG-2) Space Laboratory. Design/methodology/approach The hand-arm system is mainly composed of a lightweight arm, a dexterous hand, an electrical cabinet, a global camera, a hand-eye camera and some human-machine interfaces. The 6-DOF lightweight arm and the 15-DOF dexterous hand adopt the modular design philosophy that greatly reduces the design cycle and cost. To reduce the computational burden on the central controller and simplify system maintenance, an electrical system which has a hierarchical structure is introduced. Findings The prototypical operating experiments completed in TG-2 space laboratory demonstrate the performance of the hand-arm system and lay foundations for the future applications of space manipulators. Originality/value The main contributions of this paper are as follows a robotic hand-arm system which can perform on-orbit servicing missions such as grasping the electric drill, screwing the bolt, unscrewing J599 electrical connector has been developed; a variable time step motion plan method is proposed to adjust the trajectories of the lightweight arm to reduce or eliminate the collision force; and a dexterous hand uses the coordinated grasp control based on the object Cartesian stiffness to realize stable grasp. To solve the kinematic mapping from the cyber glove commands to the dexterous hand, a fingertip-position-based method is proposed to acquire precise solutions. SN 0144-5154 EI 1758-4078 PD NOV 4 PY 2019 VL 39 IS 5 BP 999 EP 1012 DI 10.1108/AA-02-2019-0022 UT WOS:000490968600018 ER PT J AU Asdemir, K Ahrens, T AF Asdemir, Kursad Ahrens, Thomas TI A pragmatist solution to the relevance gap of business school education SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES AB Purpose Within the context of business school education, the purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual foundation in making academic knowledge more relevant to managerial practice through the use an off-shoot of pragmatist philosophy, Bridgman's "operationalism," in order to integrate theoretical knowledge with managerial experience. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on practice theory and Dewey's theory of education, the paper argues that the operationalization of concepts into a set of actions brings theory closer to experience. An example from decision making during the Second World War illustrates the approach. Findings Facing future uncertainty, managerial practice strives to achieve goals in particular contexts. Knowledge is prospectively useful in situ when it is a source of fertile suggestion in perplexing situations. By presenting concepts as actions, students should find it easier to develop cognitive skills that can combine experience and knowledge for addressing novel decision-making situations. Research limitations/implications - The research presents an application to decision making. More research is needed to determine how the approach can be extended into other domains of business education. Empirical testing of the effectiveness of the proposed method in different contexts may explicate how the method can be implemented, developed and improved further. Originality/value The debate on how to educate future business leaders has addressed concerns over the relevance of abstract knowledge, business practices, legitimacy and professionalism. It has also been marked by a lack of prescription for improving business school education. The current paper addresses this lack and will facilitate the development of teaching pedagogies that are more relevant to managerial practice in business education by providing a solid theoretical foundation. SN 1026-4116 EI 2054-6246 PD NOV 4 PY 2019 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1108/JEAS-09-2018-0100 UT WOS:000490947500005 ER PT J AU Breznik, K Law, KMY AF Breznik, Kristijan Law, Kris M. Y. TI What do mission statements reveal about the values of top universities in the world? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS AB Purpose Mission statements are perceived as effective strategic tools and foundations of an organization's objectives, driving the development of strategic plans to meet the established goals. A vast number of studies have investigated mission statements in industry; however, little is known on how mission statements affect institutes in the higher education sector. Every university is intrinsically different, with its own mission and goals. This study aims to explore how mission statements make the difference among universities, by understanding the values delivered by the mission statements. Design/methodology/approach This study attempts to understand the core values of universities through a content analysis of the mission statements of the top 250 universities worldwide. Findings The results show four core dimensions in university mission statements, namely, "Education Philosophies", "Strategic Orientation", "Social Responsibility" and "Values to Stakeholders", while the most common core values are "Research", "Educate" and "Student". Research limitations/implications - Mission statements offer insightful venues for the analysis of the strategic directions of universities. The results show that top universities present their core values through their mission statements. Some mission statements are more service-oriented (towards students) and some are more social-oriented (towards society and stakeholders). These mission statements are communicated to various stakeholders. "Education philosophies" are communicated to educators and students, "Social responsibility" is to the society, "Values to the stakeholders" are towards the different parties involved in the education system and the last one "Strategic orientation" is for the strategy setting. Originality/value This paper proposes a new methodology of mission statement studies, covering not only studies on mission statements but also the internationalization strategies of universities, which attract attention from academics and education researchers. RI Law, Kris/G-5221-2012 OI Law, Kris/0000-0003-3659-0033 SN 1934-8835 EI 1758-8561 PD NOV 4 PY 2019 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1362 EP 1375 DI 10.1108/IJOA-08-2018-1522 UT WOS:000488490800006 ER PT J AU Steiner, RT AF Steiner, Robin Thomas TI Cultivating "Omani ambitions": Entrepreneurship, distributive labor, and the temporalities of diversification in the Arab Gulf SO ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY AB Despite substantial investments in the diversification and development of their economies, Oman and other Arab Gulf states have yet to experience structural changes that meaningfully reduce their dependence on oil. Pointing out that the "problem" of oil dependence has never existed independent of a development apparatus attempting to solve it, this article explores how developmental discourses and institutions in Oman produce unintended (but nevertheless salient) distributive effects. With scholarship on the region dominated by work on the rentier state that dismisses the importance of developmental institutions and the labor of citizens in systems of rent distribution, this article proposes a new framework that investigates how rentier development operates as a discourse in ways that shape the allocation of resources and the behavior of citizen-subjects. Through the lens of an Omani entrepreneur named Mohammed and the organizations and individuals who encouraged and supported him, this article draws on insights from the anthropology of development to describe how efforts to transform mind-sets and instill entrepreneurial dispositions generate not a structural change in Oman's economy but distributive arrangements that enable citizens to earn livelihoods and support through the enactment of virtues that resonate with the state's development narratives. SN 2330-4847 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 7 IS 1 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1002/sea2.12163 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495118300001 ER PT J AU Sellar, S Gulson, KN AF Sellar, Sam Gulson, Kalervo N. TI Becoming information centric: the emergence of new cognitive infrastructures in education policy SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATION POLICY AB New cognitive infrastructures are emerging as digital platforms and artificial intelligence enable new forms of automated thinking that shape human decision-making. This paper (a) offers a new theoretical perspective on automated thinking in education policy and (b) illustrates how automated thinking is emerging in one specific policy context. We report on a case study of a policy analysis unit ('The Centre') in an Australian state education department that has been implementing a BI strategy since 2013. The Centre is now focused on using BI to support complex decision making and improve learning outcomes, and their strategy describes this focus as becoming 'information centric'. The theoretical framework for our analysis draws on infrastructure studies and philosophy of technology, particularly Luciana Parisi's recent work on automated thinking. We analyse technical documentation and semi-structured interview data to describe the enactment of a BI strategy in The Centre, with a focus on how new approaches to data analytics are shaping decision-making. Our analysis shows that The Centre is developing a cognitive infrastructure that is already creating new conditions for education policy making, and we conclude with a call for research designs that enable pragmatic exploration of what these infrastructures can do. SN 0268-0939 EI 1464-5106 DI 10.1080/02680939.2019.1678766 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494912800001 ER PT J AU Strawn, BD AF Strawn, Brad D. TI Contextual, embodied and clinical joy SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AB The task of this short response is to interact with the article in this volume by Johnson and in so doing, advance a definition of joy. To that end, this article will focus on three elements, (a) contextualization/tradition, (b) human cognition as embodied, embedded, enacted and extended, and (c) clinical implications of the pursuit of joy. Contextualization will be explored through the specificity of culture and theological tradition. Embodiment, embeddedness, enactment and extension will be explored as an alternative to western anthropology which tends toward inwardness and individualism. Finally, clinical implications of joy will be explored in terms of the dialectical tension of balancing positive and negative realities of life. SN 1743-9760 EI 1743-9779 PD JAN 2 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 1 SI SI BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1080/17439760.2019.1685573 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493598700001 ER PT J AU Bohatyrewicz, P Plowucha, J Subocz, J AF Bohatyrewicz, Patryk Plowucha, Janusz Subocz, Jan TI Condition Assessment of Power Transformers Based on Health Index Value SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL AB In electric power systems, health index algorithms are mostly used for evaluation of the transformer population. In this method, some assessment criteria are insensitive when it comes to judging the technical state of the edges of the age spectrum. This paper presents a new health index calculation method that aims to improve the overall effectiveness of the assessment. The proposed algorithm is based on regularly conducted oil diagnostics and easily available maintenance data to enable estimation and updating of the device's health status in short intervals from an operational point of view. This method is compared to another health index algorithm built from the same parameters, but with different weights and an alternative result assessment philosophy. The two health index calculation methods are tested on a population of 96 power transformers and then compared to results obtained with an expert system, which is based on much more advanced diagnostic tests to determine the technical condition of the unit. The results of the experiment show that proper selection of weighting factors of the transformer's technical condition parameters during health index calculation may help in simplifying its assessment while maintaining satisfactory accuracy in comparison to a highly advanced expert method. EI 2076-3417 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 9 IS 22 AR 4877 DI 10.3390/app9224877 UT WOS:000502570800154 ER PT J AU Paulson, MS AF Paulson, Michael S. TI Out of Time: Temporal Conflict in Ann Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho SO EUROPEAN ROMANTIC REVIEW AB This essay offers a new interpretation of Gothic temporality through a case study of Ann Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794). Whereas most scholarship on Gothic temporality focuses on the relationship between past and present, I consider how the Gothic interrogates multiple, conflicting forms of time within the historical moment of the 1790s. Drawing on the sociology of time, I argue that Radcliffe dramatizes a conflict between two competing temporal modes: sentimental time, embodied in the "moment," and aesthetic time, embodied in the "day" and "scene." Whereas the moment had functioned as a crucial formal principle in both sentimental fiction and empiricist philosophy, for Radcliffe it becomes a threatening emblem of social fragmentation and psychic disintegration. Udolpho contrasts the fragmentary moment with the unifying, aestheticized forms of the "day" and the "scene," developed in the protagonist's encounters with sublime and picturesque landscapes. However, if aesthetic time reestablishes a sense of harmony, it also entails an escape from the conflicts of social life and the temporal character of narrative itself. I conclude that the multiplication of temporal forms in Udolpho is intimately linked with anxieties about both social cohesion and psychological continuity in the 1790s. SN 1050-9585 EI 1740-4657 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 30 IS 5-6 BP 595 EP 614 DI 10.1080/10509585.2019.1672548 UT WOS:000497452200007 ER PT J AU Mercier, LKC AF Mercier, Lucie Kim-Chi TI MICHEL SERRES'S LEIBNIZIAN STRUCTURALISM SO ANGELAKI-JOURNAL OF THE THEORETICAL HUMANITIES AB In this article I examine Michel Serres's seminal study of Leibniz: Le Systeme de Leibniz et ses modeles mathematiques (1968), a book which, in spite of its significance, has never been discussed at length. I analyse Serres's structural reconstruction of Leibniz's philosophy by focusing on the way in which the notion of structure operates in his reading, simultaneously at the level of method and at a metaphysical level (through a general theory of multiplicities). I then argue that Serres foregrounded expression and analogy as the keystones of Leibniz's systematicity and formalized Leibniz's perspectivism as a general heuristics into his oeuvre. I finally contrast Serres's conception with Jean-Claude Milner's, and contend that Serres's contribution to 1960s French structuralism does not lie in his emphasis on mathematics so much as in his reformulation of the entire structuralist project through epistemological pluralism and translation. SN 0969-725X EI 1469-2899 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 24 IS 6 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1080/0969725X.2019.1684693 UT WOS:000497029100002 ER PT J AU Lubecker, N AF Lubcker, Nikolaj TI LANDSCAPE MEMORIES akerman's sud and the "spectator-environment" SO ANGELAKI-JOURNAL OF THE THEORETICAL HUMANITIES AB Chantal Akerman's documentary Sud [South, 1999] investigates the brutal racist murder of James Byrd Jr that took place in Jasper, Texas in 1998. Sud is a socio-political documentary, but it is also, as the director explains, an experimental film about the relation between physical and mental landscapes, between social and affective ecologies. This article places Akerman's film in the context of contemporary debates about non-anthropocentric ontologies. Whereas some critics have been keen to assert a strong distinction between socio-political analysis on the one hand and affective and ecological analysis on the other, Sud demonstrates not only how these approaches can combine but also how the ecological and the affective can extend a political critique of inequality. To explain how this is achieved, the article draws on the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, and introduces the notion of the "spectator-environment." SN 0969-725X EI 1469-2899 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 24 IS 6 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1080/0969725X.2019.1684699 UT WOS:000497029100004 ER PT J AU del Rio, E AF del Rio, Elena TI BILL VIOLA WITH GILBERT SIMONDON collective individuation and the subjectivity of disaster SO ANGELAKI-JOURNAL OF THE THEORETICAL HUMANITIES AB This essay undertakes a joint exploration of Gilbert Simondon's philosophy of individuation and Bill Viola's video art to propose an ontogenetic model of ecology and a corresponding political praxis, or eco-politics, predicated on the affects of collective individuation. I examine several of Viola's works that are most explicitly engaged with ecological thinking. These video works enact collective subjectivities related to the emergence of existential territories (The Path), flooding events (The Deluge; The Raft), or simply a confluence of bodies and water devoid of catastrophic implications (The Reflecting Pool). The collective subjectivities enacted in these videos prioritize the ecological event or existential territory over the individual subject, as well as over a social model based on commercial exchanges and interindividual relations. Instead, collective individuation and the discovery of the transindividual serve as catalysts of an affective attunement with the forces of Nature. Under these conditions, the ecological crisis has the potential to become the exceptional event that can serve as the point of inflection for a new immanent relation with Nature. SN 0969-725X EI 1469-2899 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 24 IS 6 BP 57 EP 75 DI 10.1080/0969725X.2019.1684700 UT WOS:000497029100005 ER PT J AU Brink, EE Taylor, WM AF Brink, Emily Eastgate Taylor, William M. TI Architecture and Crowd-Less Streets: Urban and Environmental Order, Absence, and Risk in Pierre Patte's Profil d'une rue (1769) SO ARCHITECTURAL THEORY REVIEW AB Pierre Patte's view of an idealised Parisian street, a sectional illustration in his treatise Memoires sur les objects le plus importans de l'architecture of 1769, occupies a pivotal position in the historiography and visual representation of crowds and crowded spaces, though not a single person inhabits Patte's imagined space. Pared down and evacuated of human presence, Patte's section provides a visual matrix for civic order that will be invoked and elaborated upon by both architects and artists in the ensuing century. This paper argues that, in both its form and dissemination, Patte's idealised section sets the stage for more animated visions of crowded spaces filled with the dispossessed, the diseased, and the dying in the nineteenth century. We position Patte's illustration between successive Enlightenment rationalist and biologically attuned views of urban space and public life, calling on the histories of philosophy, science, and the visual arts. Our approach highlights an ideational and operative space in which crowds come to demonstrate a hybrid character as both political and organic entities, each with their own histories and attendant risks. The accompanying tension between the ordered, rational space of the city and the risk of spontaneous contamination by crowds shadows the massive urban renovation of Paris under Haussmann. Visual responses to Haussmann's civic refashioning by artists such as Honore Daumier reveal the infectious power of crowds, reaffirming a modern tension between urban control and unpredictable, often unruly, populations. In their attention to order, both Haussmann and Patte approach the city as a body to be cared for, and this paper considers how Patte's Profil d'une rue anticipates later debates about architecture's capacity to both shape and control the urban "contagion" of crowds. OI Brink, Emily Eastgate/0000-0002-3838-6899 SN 1326-4826 EI 1755-0475 DI 10.1080/13264826.2019.1656267 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000494512100001 ER PT J AU Tosland, B AF Tosland, Ben TI Planning southern Iraq: placing the progressive theories of Max Lock in Um Qasr, Margil, and Basra in the context of Iraqi national development, 1954?1956 SO PLANNING PERSPECTIVES AB Between 1954 and 1956, the architect, educator, and planner, Max Lock (1909?1988) produced a trilogy of plans to modernize the historical city of Basra and create new areas at Margil and Um Qasr in the south of Iraq. The New Basrah Plan was heavily inspired by the works of Patrick Geddes and aligned with contemporaries such as Lewis Mumford, Lock?s planning was progressive in scope and looked to differ from the planning of post-war principles in Britain through his notions of ?civic surgery?. Contrary to this, his plans for Um Qasr and Margil focussed on infrastructure and the creation of more industrial areas not prioritizing people and place as highly as he did in the New Basrah Plan. Lock?s ?Civic Surgery? offered an alternative to mainstream thought by attempting to create usable, humanistic spaces, which hampered by politics and legislation, resulted in the plan?s shelving and were contradicted by his other works? philosophies. New retrospective analysis of his underappreciated career reveals the complexities of his planning which this article demonstrates through the ?failure? of the New Basrah Plan and his plans at Um Qasr and Margil. SN 0266-5433 EI 1466-4518 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1044 DI 10.1080/02665433.2018.1468806 UT WOS:000494189300005 ER PT J AU Lucas, L AF Lucas, Leopold TI The Skills Behind the Spatial Practices SO SPACE AND CULTURE AB This paper offers a theoretical investigation about the notion of "skills" within a geographical approach. For spatial practices, the challenge is probably less about understanding what individuals do than their ways of doing. Building on an empirical survey about the tourists practices in Los Angeles, the paper first supports the idea that each spatial configuration is an issue for every individual, a gathering of spatial stakes that everyone must address. Then, it argues that the ways in which individuals deal with these stakes depend on their skills. Defining skills as "the mastery of techniques", the article engages a critical discussion with French pragmatic sociology (Boltanski and Thevenot) and geography (Lussault) as well as upon works in anthropology (Ingold). SN 1206-3312 EI 1552-8308 AR UNSP 1206331219881359 DI 10.1177/1206331219881359 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495261800001 ER PT J AU Gerken, M AF Gerken, Mikkel TI How to balance Balanced Reporting and Reliable Reporting SO PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES AB The paper draws on philosophy of science to help resolve a tension between two central journalistic ideals: That of resenting diverse viewpoints (Balanced Reporting) and that of presenting the most reliable testimony (Reliable Reporting). While both of these ideals are valuable, they may be in tension. This is particularly so when it comes to scientific testimony and science reporting. Thus, we face a hard question: The Question of Balance How should Balanced Reporting and Reliable Reporting be balanced in science reporting? The present paper contributes substantive proposals in a manner that integrates philosophy of science with the recent empirical literature on science communication. Specifically, I articulate and evaluate strategies for balancing Balanced Reporting and Reliable Reporting. First, I provide a diagnosis of the conflict between them that is informed by philosophy of science. On this basis, I provide restrictions of both Balanced Reporting and Reliable Reporting. The restrictions are unified because they are inspired by similar reflections about the epistemic basis of science reporting-namely scientific justification. Moreover, I note some empirical work that supports the restrictions as well as some empirical work that indicates some limitations of them. Thus, the paper exemplifies how an empirically informed philosophy of science may bear on a question of societal concern. OI Gerken, Mikkel/0000-0002-0266-9838 SN 0031-8116 EI 1573-0883 DI 10.1007/s11098-019-01362-5 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493669700001 ER PT J AU Nadal, AO AF Nadal, Anna Ortin TI Descartes on the distinction between primary and secondary qualities SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB Descartes did not use the terms ?primary? and ?secondary? qualities, but a similar distinction emerges from his texts: certain qualities of objects (such as size and shape) are intrinsic properties of matter, whereas others (like colours and smells) are products of the interaction with a perceiver. A common interpretation states that the division between primary and secondary qualities is explained by the way in which we are acquainted with them: an idea of a primary quality is similar to its physical causes, and it is clearly and distinctly perceived by the intellect. An idea of a secondary quality is dissimilar to its physical causes and it is obscurely and confusedly perceived by the senses. This view receives the name of ?bifurcation reading? (Simmons, A. ?Descartes on the Cognitive Structure of Sensory Experience?. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LXVII, no. 3 (November 2003)). While it integrates well some textual occurrences, it creates a problematic fragmentation within single acts of perception. This paper contends that this reading is incorrect. It presents several arguments for the claim that the distinction of qualities is due to the different ways in which our ideas of them misrepresent their physical causes. Then, Descartes? dissimilarity thesis between physical objects and our ideas of them remains a structural feature of his theory of sensory perception and not a local phenomenon affecting only ideas of secondary qualities. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1113 EP 1134 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1568227 UT WOS:000491484400003 ER PT J AU de Lara, J AF de Lara, Joel TI Taking a plunge: a Cavellian reappraisal of Austin?s unhappy analogy SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB This paper presents and defends a reappraisal of J.L. Austin?s infamous analogy between saying ?I know? and ?I promise? in ?Other Minds.? The paper has four sections. In ?1, I contend that the standard reading of Austin?s analogy is a strawman that distorts the terms of the analogy and superimposes philosophical commitments that Austin was precisely trying to combat. In ??2 and 3, I argue that to understand the point of the analogy we must contextualize ?Other Minds? as a response to logical positivism. I recap A.J. Ayer?s influential account of positivism, before arguing that ?Other Minds? and its centrepiece analogy should be read as an attack on Austin?s colleague?s organizing positivist assumptions ? specifically, descriptivism and the fact/value dichotomy that it props up. My main thesis is that Austin sought to show that epistemic discourse is imbricated with ethical commitments. This reading is anticipated by Cavell, to whom I turn in ?4. I bring together insights from across Cavell?s oeuvre to develop this reading of Austin?s analogy and finally to critique certain aspects of it. This paper adds to the recent resurgence in Austin scholarship and aims to get clear the philosophical and historical stakes of his historically maligned analogy. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1238 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1566113 UT WOS:000491484400008 ER PT J AU Grever, M Adriaansen, RJ AF Grever, Maria Adriaansen, Robbert-Jan TI Historical consciousness: the enigma of different paradigms SO JOURNAL OF CURRICULUM STUDIES AB To make historical consciousness beneficial for history education research we need to disentangle its multidisciplinary backgrounds so that contradictory approaches and outcomes can be avoided. The aim of this article therefore is to clarify the enigma of its different paradigms. We will discuss two interrelated paradigms: one interpreting historical consciousness as a collective phenomenon that is characteristic for modern Western society, and the other treating historical consciousness on an individual level as a cognitive-epistemological category. We will show that several misunderstandings in educational research about historical consciousness result from the conflation of both conceptualisations and its underlying paradigms. Yet, by highlighting Hans-Georg Gadamer?s notion of Wirkungsgeschichte (historical effect) we will argue that both conceptualisations are not entirely mutually exclusive. Including historically effected consciousness in the notion of historical consciousness does offer a wide range of opportunities, for history education scholars as well as history educators. SN 0022-0272 EI 1366-5839 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 51 IS 6 SI SI BP 814 EP 830 DI 10.1080/00220272.2019.1652937 UT WOS:000490403800004 ER PT J AU Vaziri, H Tay, L Keith, MG Pawelski, JO AF Vaziri, H. Tay, L. Keith, M. G. Pawelski, J. O. TI History, literature, and philosophy: A systematic review of positive functioning SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AB The humanities are instrumental to human development and happiness and are an integral part of our lives. However, a lack of empirical research limits our current understanding of the role the humanities play in the well-being of individuals, communities, and societies. Through a systematic search of the literature, we identify and review empirical studies that investigate whether engagement with history, literature, and philosophy influences individual's well-being (i.e. psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and virtues). The results suggest that studies investigating such influences are limited and mainly conducted in pedagogical settings. At the same time, these studies provide initial evidence for the positive effects of engagement in the humanities on individual well-being. Through this review, we identify gaps in the literature and provide recommendations for future research. OI Pawelski, James/0000-0003-3997-3478; Vaziri, Hoda/0000-0001-6010-4950; Tay, Louis/0000-0002-5522-4728 SN 1743-9760 EI 1743-9779 PD NOV 2 PY 2019 VL 14 IS 6 BP 695 EP 723 DI 10.1080/17439760.2018.1545041 UT WOS:000487030800001 ER PT J AU Williams, RD AF Williams, Richard David TI Playing the Spinal Chord: Tantric Musicology and Bengali Songs in the Nineteenth Century SO JOURNAL OF HINDU STUDIES AB Across the nineteenth century, Bengali songbook editors applied musicological theory to their tantric religious practices. Responding to the new possibilities of musical publishing, these editors developed innovative techniques of relating the body to music by tying together tantric tropes with music theory and performance practice. Theories about the affective potential and poetic connotations of ragas were brought into conversation with understandings of the yogic body, cakras, and the visualization of goddesses. These different theories, stemming from aesthetics and yogic philosophy, were put into effect through lyrical composition and the ways in which songs were set to music and edited for printed anthologies. This article considers different examples of tantric musical editorial, and explores how esoteric knowledge was applied in innovative ways through the medium of printed musical literature. SN 1756-4255 EI 1756-4263 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 12 IS 3 BP 319 EP 338 DI 10.1093/jhs/hiz017 UT WOS:000511316600003 ER PT J AU Taherian, AR Kalantari, A AF Taherian, Amir Reza Kalantari, Afshin TI Risk-targeted seismic design maps for Iran SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY AB Iran is located in a very high seismic zone. The current national code of design of buildings referred to as Standard No. 2800 (STD-2800) employs the design-basis earthquake (DBE) based on the uniform hazard philosophy. New generations of seismic codes and related researches have used a uniform risk philosophy instead, where the parameters are defined in order to provide a tool for designing the buildings with equal or at least harmonized collapse probability across the country. In this paper, a risk-targeted seismic design map has been developed for Iran. A seismic hazard model developed by EMME14 project was used for this purpose. A generic collapse fragility function was used, the parameters of which were selected based on sensitivity analyses. Taking into account the seismic hazard model from the EMME14 project, the risk of collapse of the buildings in Iran was calculated once for DBE values provided by STD-2800 and again with the DBE values resulted from the EMME14 model. An acceptable risk level of 1% in 50 years was considered then, to estimate the map of distribution of risk coefficients as well as the map of collapse risk for the buildings in the country. The results show a large dispersion in the risk of collapse across the country, in both cases. Finally, the risk-targeted seismic design map for the country is presented. SN 1383-4649 EI 1573-157X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1311 DI 10.1007/s10950-019-09867-6 UT WOS:000511489200007 ER PT J AU Menchikov, GP Krasnov, AS AF Menchikov, Gennadij P. Krasnov, Anton S. TI CHRONOTOPE: NEOCLASSICAL CHANGES SO TURISMO-ESTUDOS E PRATICAS AB In the situation of modern neoclassical philosophy development time and space are "rediscovered", the chronotope and the continuity of being is inevitably rethought. The problem is that, firstly, for a long time, space and time were seen as separate and absolute forms of being - "empty space" and "absolute time" ("empty" - separated from the "carrier", from what lasts and extends and how). Secondly, as well as separate from each other and from social and humanitarian knowledge. Thirdly, obsessed with a somewhat mechanistic, formal chronotopy - a simplified "here and now". This was especially noticeable in the new-classical understanding of the world (I. Newton), and also in the non-classical chronotope (by M. M. Bakhtin and his followers, but it still occurs today. The article explicates the essence of modern neoclassical changes in the chronotope phenomenon. SN 2316-1493 PD NOV PY 2019 SU 1 UT WOS:000511907300002 ER PT J AU Sergeev, SF AF Sergeev, S. F. TI KNIGHT OF MATHEMATICS AND LOGIC IN PSYCHOLOGY: GENNADY SUKHODOLSKY SO PSIKHOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL AB Article is devoted to the 80th anniversary of birth of professor G.V. Sukhodolsky (1934-2008). He was an outstanding member of the Leningrad psychological school. The main stages of his scientific and pedagogical activity are described in this article. Also the evolution of the scientist's views is traced: they evolved from scientific and applied research in the engineering psychology field to the issues of philosophy of science and methodology of the activity approach. His contribution to creation of the psychological theory of activity and introduction of mathematical concepts and methods in psychology is noted. Logical and mathematical methods created by G.V. Sukhodolsky are described. Application strategies of his works for solution of practical and theoretical psychology problems are considered. SN 0205-9592 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 40 IS 6 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.31857/S020595920007369-1 UT WOS:000510534800010 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Pillath, C AF Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten TI From dual systems to dual function: rethinking methodological foundations of behavioural economics SO ECONOMICS AND PHILOSOPHY AB Building on an overview of dual systems theories in behavioural economics, the paper presents a methodological assessment in terms of the mechanistic explanations framework that has gained prominence in philosophy of the neurosciences. I conclude that they fail to meet the standards of causal explanations and I suggest an alternative 'dual functions' view based on Marr's methodology of computational neuroscience. Recent psychological and neuroscience research undermines the case for a categorization of brain processes in terms of properties such as relative speed. I defend an interpretation of dualities as functional, without assigning them to specific neurophysiological structures. OI Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten/0000-0001-6078-0078 SN 0266-2671 EI 1474-0028 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 35 IS 3 BP 403 EP 422 DI 10.1017/S0266267118000378 UT WOS:000510697700003 ER PT J AU Nagatsu, M Poder, K AF Nagatsu, Michiru Poder, Kaire TI What is the economic concept of choice? An experimental philosophy study SO ECONOMICS AND PHILOSOPHY AB Economists and philosophers disagree about the concept of choice used in economics. Some behavioural economists argue that economic models of choice will improve as they become more and more psychologically realistic. Don Ross argues that this argument fails because its hidden assumption - that the economic concept of choice is the same as the psychological counterpart - is false. Ross conjectures that the economic concept of choice concerns a population-scale pattern of behavioural changes in response to incentives. We conduct a survey experiment to test two predictions that Ross's conjecture generates. The statistical analysis of our data confirms our predictions, although with some qualifications. In interpreting our results, we distinguish two versions of commonsensible realism, strong and weak, and propose the weak one as a plausible explanation of our results. Weak commonsensible realism also produces further testable hypotheses. Some methodological implications of our study are discussed. SN 0266-2671 EI 1474-0028 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 35 IS 3 BP 461 EP 478 DI 10.1017/S0266267118000500 UT WOS:000510697700005 ER PT J AU Fuller, EW AF Fuller, Edward W. TI Was Keynes a socialist? SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AB This paper addresses the controversy over Keynes's political thought. Robert Skidelsky portrays Keynes as a liberal who wanted to save capitalism. By contrast, Rod O'Donnell argues Keynes was a socialist. This paper presents unexplored evidence that shows Keynes was a non-Marxist socialist from 1907 until his death in 1946. First, the paper demonstrates that Keynes described himself as a socialist and aligned himself with socialism. Next, the paper shows Keynes can be defined as a socialist because he advocated socialist policy. Finally, the paper discusses Keynes's socialist political and journalistic activities. Keynes was a non-Marxist socialist, meaning Skidelsky has misinterpreted Keynes's political philosophy. SN 0309-166X EI 1464-3545 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1682 DI 10.1093/cje/bez039 UT WOS:000509509000010 ER PT J AU Reed, TG AF Reed, Trevor G. TI Sonic Sovereignty: Performing Hopi Authority in ongtupqa SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR AMERICAN MUSIC AB In this article, I explore the ways territorial authority or sovereignty emerges from within a particular mode of Indigenous creativity-the creation and performance of Hopi taatawi (traditional songs)-despite the appropriation of Hopi traditional lands by the American settler-state. Hopi territories within ongtupqa (Grand Canyon) are just a sample of the many places where Indigenous authority, as expressed through sound-based performances, continues to resonate despite the imposition of settler-colonial structures that have either silenced Indigenous performances of authority or severed these places from Indigenous territories. Drawing on the work of Hopi composers and intellectuals, I explore how Hopi musical composition and performance are deeply intertwined with Hopi political philosophy and governance, resulting in a form of sovereignty that is inherently sonic rather than strictly literary or textual in nature. Recognizing that this interconnection between territorial authority and sound production is common across many Indigenous communities, I propose listening to contemporary Indigenous creativity not just as an aesthetic form but as a source of sonic sovereignty. SN 1752-1963 EI 1752-1971 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 SI SI BP 508 EP 530 DI 10.1017/S1752196319000397 UT WOS:000509714800006 ER PT J AU Reig, R AF Reig, Ramon TI History, power, communication, journalism: Beyond the "traditional" critical approach SO PROFESIONAL DE LA INFORMACION AB This article is not going to limit itself to presenting the traditional dualist view of good versus bad (the good is represented by average citizens manipulated by the bad, which is the capitalist media-driven society). Such views have their origin point in the Marxist or neo-Marxist school of thought, which was strictly adhered to by the (first generation) of the Frankfurt School, and it is known as critical thinking. This research supports the fundamentals of critical thinking, but additionally argues that "critical thinking" exists also to criticize itself, to overcome it, and to enter into what we call "Complex Structural Approach" (CSA). The Power is, to a large extent, the market in evolution and involution and acts today through the marginalization of universal historical memory and philosophy, among other knowledge, and is replaced by infoxication. The western citizen is not completely unaware of its dependency. The virtual-intelligent society of the 21th century connects with one of the innate characteristics of the individual: his selfishness, whether it is positive or destructive behavior, in various formats and in varying degrees. SN 1386-6710 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 28 IS 6 AR UNSP e280502 DI 10.3145/epi.2019.nov.02 UT WOS:000508205900001 ER PT J AU Riesenfeld, D AF Riesenfeld, Dana TI Davidson and the language of new media SO EMPEDOCLES-EUROPEAN JOURNAL FOR THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNICATION AB This article claims that attempts to define the language of new media (LNM) as a unique linguistic phenomenon face problems stemming from a definition of language that takes knowledge of linguistic rules to be essential for understanding. I suggest that Davidson's later philosophy of language, as outlined in his 1986 paper 'A nice derangement of epitaphs', and especially his rejection of traditional definitions of language and understanding, offers an enlightening and important insight to the question of how understanding is achieved by the LNM. Although preceding the digital era, I argue that Davidson's redefinition of linguistic understanding as not necessarily rule dependent enables us to better understand our linguistic time in general and the LNM in particular. SN 1757-1952 EI 1757-1960 PD NOV 1 PY 2019 VL 10 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1386/ejpc_00003_1 UT WOS:000507311200003 ER PT J AU Chinita, F AF Chinita, Fatima TI Tapping into the senses: Corporeality and immanence in The Piano Tuner of EarthQuakes (Quay Brothers, 2005) SO EMPEDOCLES-EUROPEAN JOURNAL FOR THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNICATION AB In The Piano Tuner of EarthQuakes (2006), the Quay Brothers' second feature, the sensual form and the meta-artistic content are truly interweaved, and the siblings' staple animated materials become part of the theme itself. Using Michel Serres's argument in Les cinq sens (2014, whose subtitle in English is A Philosophy of Mingled Bodies), I address the relationship between the Quays intermedial animation and the way the art forms of music, painting, theatre and sculpture are used to captivate the film viewer's sensorium in the same way that some of the characters are fascinated by the evil Droz, a scientist and failed composer who manipulates machines and people alike, among them Felisberto, a meek piano tuner with the ability to stir the natural elements. I further proceed to posit the entire film as an intended allegory of animation on the Quays part. Their haptic construction of a three-dimensional world which they control artistically is replicated in the film in Droz's and Felisberto's activities vis-a-vis Malvina van Stille, an abducted opera diva who is kept in a suspended animation state (just like a marionette) and several hydraulic automata with musical resounding properties, some of them made up of an uncanny assortment of body parts. The artificial life of these creatures is contrasted, in two ways, with their physical reality as beings that exist in the world: first, via Serres's sensorial strategy to transform a body into a conscious entity (i.e., endowed with a soul), an embodiment I call 'Corpo-Reality', and second, by resorting to Deleuze and Guattari's theory of the body without organs (BwO) in its advocacy of 'hard' nature and the rejection of a rigid assortment of body parts (either biological or social). The paradoxical organic objectivity of the 'marionettized' Malvina is pitted against the seemingly subjective doings of the mechanical automata, especially an android woodcutter. However, just as in the story things are not what they seem, and the automata actually reflect the 'real' world of Felisberto's tuning of them (and vice versa, in a process entitled 'vertical mise en abyme'), so the film itself can be a 'crystal-image' (per Deleuze), offering itself to the senses of the spectator. SN 1757-1952 EI 1757-1960 PD NOV 1 PY 2019 VL 10 IS 2 BP 151 EP 166 DI 10.1386/ejpc_00004_1 UT WOS:000507311200004 ER PT J AU Larreche, JI AF Ignacio Larreche, Jose TI Neighborhoodness in the neighborhood. A discussion on subaltern living in Bahia Blanca, Argentina SO GEOGRAFICANDO AB This paper aims at delving into the neighborhood living experiences of self-identified gay and lesbian subjects. Data was gathered from conversations and interviews, and complemented by observation in the field, located in the intermediate city of Bahia Blanca, to the southwest of the Buenos Aires province. The geographical perspective was enriched by semiotics and urban anthropology, within a cultural approach. Inter-neighborhood readjustments in the individual trajectories that result in the activation of certain city areas can be explained from the deconstruction of the imperatives that found the notion of neighbourhood (family, tranquility and past). Finally, this view is distanced from the city as a totalizing entity and, from the perspective of barely heard voices, seeks to open the neighborhood scale to demonstrate the conditionings woven in the transit of everyday life. SN 1850-1885 EI 2346-898X PD NOV-APR PY 2019 VL 15 IS 2 AR UNSP e058 DI 10.24215/2346898Xe058 UT WOS:000506401300003 ER PT J AU Santy, VP AF Santy, Vanina P. TI The case of New Costa Del Plata: conflict, spatialization and territorialization in Avellaneda and Quilmes SO GEOGRAFICANDO AB This article aims to reflect on preliminary research results on the conflict generated by the urbanization of the southern riverside of Greater Buenos Aires by means of the project Nueva Costa del Plata (NCP). I will analyze the forms of social space production in the context of the differences between multiple actors over its destination. I will do it from the Lefebvrian spacial theory, also putting forward the limits found in spatialization for the analysis of neighbor resistance opposing that transformation. The process of territorialization will enable the additional show of other aspects of this particular decade-long struggle. The approach combines geography, political ecology, and anthropology in order to show a different conflict perspective in relation to the management of the last areas of ecological value in the city. SN 1850-1885 EI 2346-898X PD NOV-APR PY 2019 VL 15 IS 2 AR UNSP e060 DI 10.24215/2346898Xe060 UT WOS:000506401300005 ER PT J AU Antonakis, A Nikolaidis, T Pilidis, P AF Antonakis, Aristeidis Nikolaidis, Theoklis Pilidis, Pericles TI Effects of Propulsion System Operation on Military Aircraft Survivability SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT AB The recent advances in infrared (IR) weapon technology have dramatically altered the rules of air combat, leading to a consistent departure from "traditional" energy-maneuverability philosophy in aircraft design, prioritizing stealth and sophisticated armament instead. In this modern aerial warfare environment, it is obvious that new techniques need to be applied to properly assess aircraft survivability and produce successful designs for aircraft propulsion systems. The present study focuses on the development of such a methodology, which contrary to related work in the field includes considerations for both aircraft IR signature and missile/aircraft kinematic performance. An aircraft IR signature model is constructed using a collection of methods for area and temperature estimation and exhaust plume modeling; the latter is combined with missile-vs-aircraft and aircraft-vs-aircraft simulations to quantify aircraft survivability in the form of missile and aircraft lethal zones. The proposed methodology is applied to a study on propulsion system effects on aircraft survivability, in which a comparison between different engine configurations is performed: In the scenarios examined, IR signature at cruise conditions and maximum-power thrust performance are identified as key parameters for aircraft combat performance. OI Nikolaidis, Theoklis/0000-0002-1106-5032 EI 1533-3868 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2131 EP 2143 DI 10.2514/1.C035508 UT WOS:000506382300004 ER PT J AU Sorin, A AF Sorin, Ana TI The hedgehog, that antediluvian animal. Non-anthropic poetry between Blanchot and Derrida SO EIKASIA-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB This paper aims to explore the possible links between poetry and non-anthropic thinking based on the philosophies of Jacques Derrida and Maurice Blanchot. Its analysis will start from The animal that therefore I am (that says that animal thinking, if it exists, depends on poetry) and will continue with a series of Blanchotian texts, particularly with "Literature and the right to death". From there, the distinction between "ordinary language" and "literary language" will be particularly useful. This will imply reviewing the nomination as conceptualizing operation, and will lead to reflect on the status of death that occurs in language (of what exists, but also of the author) and to ask about the materiality of words. As it hopes to show, one can see in these analyzes about language a contamination between logic and poetry, and this allows reconfiguring the relationship between the human and the rest of the living beings. Finally, the work interrogate what future thought and philosophy may have after such analyzes, and proposes a possible path. SN 1885-5679 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 IS 90 BP 27 EP 52 UT WOS:000506038600002 ER PT J AU Zuniga, JRH AF Herrera Zuniga, Jose Roberto TI Philosophy of Ice and Fire. A reading from the contemporary political philosophy of the television series Game Of Thrones SO EIKASIA-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB This article interprets the events narrated in the imaginary societies of the television series Game of Thrones in light of key concepts that contemporary political philosophy has elaborated to analyze and understand our current civilizational crisis. SN 1885-5679 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 IS 90 BP 155 EP 162 UT WOS:000506038600007 ER PT J AU Barba, MA AF Avila Barba, Mauricio TI Four theses on philosophy in the 21st century SO EIKASIA-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB In his book Sustainable Knowledge: A Theory of Interdisciplinarity, Robert Frodeman said: philosophy never been to our personal and public lives so necessary and, nevertheless, it has never been so far from society. But, at this very moment the philosophy have never been so marginalized. We should not ignore this assertion because it problematizes XXI century's philosophy. Frodeman's proposal can be justified for two reasons: First, the relationship between companies university has dissolved work ' s collegiate; a situation that has made it difficult to do collegiate projects and to face the new challenges that appear in society; Second, philosophical's practices and research endogamous. To explain this orientation of Philosophy and to rethink an orientation of it, we propose four theses: first, a business and psycho-political analysis of philosophical's practices; second, the rethinking of philosophical's problems; third, a rethinking of philosophical's activities; and, fourth, the orientation of research and philosophical practices to the canons of new forms of Knowledge's production. SN 1885-5679 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 IS 90 BP 169 EP 183 UT WOS:000506038600008 ER PT J AU Olivares, AT AF Olivares, Antonio T. TI New century, neorealism & world SO EIKASIA-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB Our century moves on, and a certain perspective of it, or at least of its beginning, is beginning to take shape. In the panorama of reflection, neorealism, a movement that could be taken as the emblematic philosophy of the twenty-first century, has gained ground. The present paper offers an approach to that movement as practiced by one of its well-known representatives, Markus Gabriel; we can use an examination of some theses by this German author to get a glimpse of the ways taken by our deep thinking, in this case in the framework of the longstanding debate Realism vs. Idealism (or, alternately, Metaphysics vs. Constructivism). Such a struggle could be understood as rooted in ontology, but we have become aware of the fundamental coimplication between being and knowing. In this sense, starting from Gabriel's analytics on the existing and the world, consequences will be inferred (the direction might, however, be just the opposite) on the ways, the means, the elements and the conditions of such knowledge, highlighting the possibility, and the opportunity, to make use of worldviews, a matter already raised by such authors as Dilthey, Heidegger, Foucault or Kuhn. All this leads the way to thinking about thinking itself, recalling that the philosophical standpoint, at least in our Western civilization, has summoned the dialogue from different points of view, emphasizing the commitment and practicality of philosophy itself as capable to contributing to the preservation of that treasure of our culture which is its multiplicity and polyhedrism. SN 1885-5679 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 IS 90 BP 185 EP 208 UT WOS:000506038600009 ER PT J AU Maharjan, A Joshi, S Verma, A Rimal, U AF Maharjan, Anjana Joshi, Sarita Verma, Anand Rimal, Ujjwal TI Rehabilitation of Severely Attrited Teeth with Hobo Twin Stage Technique: A Case Report SO JOURNAL OF NEPAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB Restoration of excessively worn dentition is a challenging treatment procedures. It requires efficient diagnosis and treatment plan. Hobo's techniques and Pankey Mann Schuyler's philosophy are widely used and documented for full mouth rehabilitation. We have reported the case of a 56-year-old male patient who presented with the severely worn dentition and had difficulty in chewing. To rehabilitate this case Hobo's twin stage technique had been adopted as it is based on scientific data and mathematical analysis for both disocclusion and anterior guidance thus reducing chair side time. SN 0028-2715 EI 1815-672X PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 57 IS 220 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.31729/jnma.4745 UT WOS:000506216200016 ER PT J AU Cernin, D AF Cernin, David TI Historical Antirealism and the Past as a Fictional Model SO ORGANON F AB This paper focuses on the discipline of history, its methods, subject, and output. A brief overview of contemporary analytic philosophy of history is provided, followed by critical discussion of historical realism. It is argued that the insistence on the idea that historians inquire into the real past and that they refer to the actual past entities, events, or agents is widely open to sceptical objections. The concept of an abstract historical chronicle of past events which are explained or retold by historians is identified as misleading. The idea of historical antirealism is then introduced. It is argued that in the centre of historians attention are present phenomena that are identified as historical evidence and require historical explanation. Historical explanation consists of constituting an historical past-a fictional model that accounts for present data. The identification process of historical evidence and the discursive nature of historical enterprise are analysed and accompanied by several concrete examples. According to historical antirealism, historians are not interested in the real past, but in the present empirical data. In their pursuit of historical knowledge, they produce fictional models-an historical past. Lastly, several common caveats against historical anti-realism are addressed. The historical antirealism is presented as a viable fictionalist account of the historical inquiry that is capable of avoiding sceptical attacks on historical method and it is argued that antirealism allows history to retain its worth as a distinctive kind of scientific discipline. SN 1335-0668 EI 2585-7150 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 26 IS 4 BP 635 EP 659 DI 10.31577/orgf.2019.26405 UT WOS:000505645800005 ER PT J AU Yu, L Liu, JM Li, T AF Yu Ling Liu Jiaming Li Tao TI Important progress and future prospects for studies on urban public recreational space in China SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES AB As the main sites of urban residents' recreational activity in a mass leisure era, urban public recreational space (UPRS) is the primary component of urban public spatial systems. To satisfy current demands for the construction of livable cities and to meet the challenges of UPRS development in an urbanizing context, a scientific and systematic review of the latest developments in UPRS research is important for developing this field. Based on 1264 papers from the China National Knowledge Internet and the Web of Science from 1985 to 2018, this study examined research developments on UPRS in China. Through a quantitative literature analysis, we divided UPRS-related research in China into three stages of development: the starting period (1985-2000), the growth period (2001-2009), and the consolidation period (2010-2018). Next, we identified nine "hot" research topics on UPRS and reviewed developments in each of these. These topics were the classification of UPRS, spatial structure and layout, comprehensive evaluation, planning and development, the impacts of UPRS development, spatial-temporal evolution laws and mechanisms, space imagery features, sustainable utilization, and governmental decision making on UPRS. We also systematically reviewed the research methods and spatial scales used in UPRS-related studies in China. In response to deficiencies in existing research, we put forward several suggestions regarding future research: Chinese UPRS studies should focus on basic theoretical research; construct a new research system that accounts for Chinese characteristics, based on interdisciplinary and multilevel spatial integration; develop a humanistic philosophy and build management systems for UPRS that can lead to the development of world-class cities based on a global vision. SN 1009-637X EI 1861-9568 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1923 EP 1946 DI 10.1007/s11442-019-1697-8 UT WOS:000505517300010 ER PT J AU Stahl, H AF Stahl, Henrieke TI TYPOLOGY OF THE SUBJECT IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN POETRY: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS SO RUSSIAN LITERATURE AB Recent theory of the lyric shows no special interest in the subject, because the subject is no longer considered a basic generic parameter of lyric poetry. Nevertheless, the subject has resurfaced in contemporary Russian lyric poetry across a wide range of new and complex forms. This article suggests a multilevel model for a typology of the subject in contemporary Russian lyric poetry, based on transcendental philosophy and illustrated via the poems of Elena Shvarts, Aleksandr Ulanov and Olga Sedakova. SN 0304-3479 EI 1878-3678 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 109 SI SI BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.ruslit.2019.11.001 UT WOS:000505101800001 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, D AF Kuzmin, Dmitry TI FRAGGING: DISPERSING AND REASSEMBLING THE LYRICAL SUBJECT IN ALEKSANDR SKIDAN'S POETRY SO RUSSIAN LITERATURE AB For much of the twentieth century, Russian literary scholarship on lyric subjectivity was impeded by its isolation from global philosophical thought, which was, at the time, reconsidering the very category of the subject. In the twenty-first century, as researchers have begun to bridge this gap, their efforts have been paralleled by the work of certain poets who themselves explicitly appeal to current world philosophy in their writings. The poetry of Aleksandr Skidan (b. 1965), who relies directly on Deleuzian concepts in his understanding of the nature of the "I," linking his poems intertextually to the works of Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Giorgio Agamben, offers particular interest for researchers of subjectivity in contemporary Russian poetic texts. Skidan's "ragged" writing, in which heavily fragmented language coincides with the recurrent theme of bodily dismemberment, articulating in this manner an analytical discourse of trauma, may be described as a form of "fragging" the subversion of discursive cohesiveness that scholars in the United States have attributed to American poetry of the Vietnam War era. The unique innovation of Skidan's poetics of fragging derives from its intertextual elements, including foreign-language interpolations. In his poetry, Skidan explores the multilevel disintegration of the text as an active practice that ultimately works towards the reestablishment of the authority of the subject. SN 0304-3479 EI 1878-3678 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 109 SI SI BP 203 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ruslit.2019.11.012 UT WOS:000505101800012 ER PT J AU Korchagin, K AF Korchagin, Kirill TI CINE-EYE 2.0: CINE-SUBJECTIVITY IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN POETRY SO RUSSIAN LITERATURE AB The two most prominent innovations for 20th century poetry were the cinema and a specific kind of corporeality that embedded itself in literary milieus. Although these two innovations took place in the first quarter of the 20th century, their impact on poetry became evident only much later, and they still influence and shape the contemporary Russian poetry. This article analyzes how these two innovations induced changes in the design of poetic texts and their modes of subjectivity, particularly in contemporary Russian poetry, which regards them at this point not as experiments but as well-established practices. The article offers an exploration of the subject in philosophy which is then applied to a more detailed description of the connections between poetry and cinema since the historical avant-garde (Aleksei Kruchenykh). The essay concludes with a comparative discussion focused on the Russian poetry of the last 25 years (Aleksandr Skidan, Leonid Schwab, Nina Stavrogina). SN 0304-3479 EI 1878-3678 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 109 SI SI BP 235 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.ruslit.2019.11.014 UT WOS:000505101800014 ER PT J AU Heylighen, A Dong, A AF Heylighen, Ann Dong, Andy TI To empathise or not to empathise? Empathy and its limits in design SO DESIGN STUDIES AB In the 1980s, one of the values advanced to distinguish the field of design from the sciences and the humanities was empathy. Since then it has become an important theme in design practice, research, and education. Insights from philosophy and cognitive science, however, suggest that empathy has become a design ideology rather than a principle suitable for judging the value of design solutions in some situations for some end-users and some aspects of their experience. When it is applied in design, two important steps tend to be skipped: an ethical and a perspectival one. Assessing its suitability, we hypothesise, has much to gain theoretically and practically from accounting for the role of embodiment in the process of developing empathy. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RI Heylighen, Ann/K-2511-2014 OI Heylighen, Ann/0000-0001-6811-3464 SN 0142-694X EI 1872-6909 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 65 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.destud.2019.10.007 UT WOS:000504782100007 ER PT J AU Umberger, RA Thomas, SP AF Umberger, Reba A. Thomas, Sandra P. TI Survivor But Not Fully Recovered: The Lived Experience After 1 Year of Surviving Sepsis SO DIMENSIONS OF CRITICAL CARE NURSING AB Background Hospital mortality rates related to sepsis have decreased over the last decade, increasing the number of survivors of sepsis who may experience long-term consequences. Yet, little is known about how they perceive their illness experience and its aftermath. Objective This study explores the experiences of sepsis survivors after 1 year of their index intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Methods This phenomenological study was guided by Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. Participants were adult patients admitted directly to the medical ICU with sepsis who had an ICU stay of at least 48 hours and had been discharged from their index ICU stay for at least 1 year. Participants were invited by letter to participate in face-to-face or telephone interviews and a brief survey. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and verified. An interpretive group read transcripts aloud to increase rigor of identifying meaning units, existential grounds, and thematic structure. Results Eight participants were recruited over 20 months. Participants were primarily white (87.5%) females (75%) with an age range of 37 to 74 years who were interviewed between 1 and 2 years following an index sepsis ICU stay. Five major themes emerged from the transcripts: (1) how they survived, (2) blurring of time versus counting time by events, (3) helpful help versus unhelpful help, (4) powerless versus striving for control, and (5) survivor but not fully recovered. Discussion Findings reflected a long trajectory of chronic illness in which the index episode of sepsis was not necessarily what stood out as figural to participants. The meaning of participant experiences must be considered in the context of a health care system that offers little to no systematic follow-up care after sepsis and little prevention. Participants expressed a need for advocacy and follow-up support. OI Umberger, Reba/0000-0002-4722-4031 SN 0730-4625 EI 1538-8646 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 38 IS 6 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000381 UT WOS:000505193400007 PM 31593071 ER PT J AU Syed, J Ali, F AF Syed, Jawad Ali, Faiza TI Theorizing equal opportunity in Muslim majority countries SO GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION AB This article offers an interdisciplinary and transnational review of feminist, management and Islamic literatures to develop an understanding of philosophical theorization and institutional framing of equal opportunity in employment in Muslim majority countries (MMCs). The review suggests that 'the mainstream' western literature on gender and equal opportunity, along with its secular orientation, may not capture the complexity of gender and equal opportunity in MMCs. Through integrating Islamic writings and gender scholarship, the article examines how equal opportunity theorizing may be advanced by Islamic philosophies and interpretations. In particular, it presents two concurrent principles of gender relations in Islam, for instance, equality and difference of women and men. While Islamic scholars generally agree that women and men are equal because both are created by one God, there are two competing interpretations with respect to the principle of difference between women and men. The first is an egalitarian interpretation which advocates affirmative action in women's favour, and the second is a patriarchal interpretation which supports women's subordination to men. We present this discussion and use it to develop our understanding of equal opportunity or lack thereof in MMCs. OI Syed, Jawad/0000-0002-8796-1888 SN 0968-6673 EI 1468-0432 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1621 EP 1639 DI 10.1111/gwao.12416 UT WOS:000505280100006 ER PT J AU Huizing, MJ Villamor-Martinez, E Meus, S de Jonge, FM Villamor, E AF Huizing, Maurice J. Villamor-Martinez, Eduardo Meus, Stefanie de Jonge, Fred M. Villamor, Eduardo TI Dutch Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses' Perceptions of Pulse Oximeter Saturation Target Limits for Preterm Infants SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NURSING-NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN & FAMILIES AB Purpose: To conduct a national survey to assess practice, knowledge, barriers, and perceptions regarding oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) target limits among Dutch neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses. Design and methods: Cross-sectional, web-based survey among 667 nurses from 9 level 3 Dutch NICUs. Part of the questions were based on a clinical scenario (28-weeks preterm infant, treated with CPAP, FiO(2) 0.4). Results: 328 (53.6%) nurses responded to the survey. Of these, 281 (85.7%) reported to know the local policy of SpO(2) target limits, and 261 (79.6%) and 244 (74.4%) rightly identified the lower and upper limit, respectively. Six NICUs recently increased their lower SpO(2) limit and for 62.0% of their nurses this led to a significant alarmincrease. For the majority of the respondents, the baby from the clinical scenario would spend <10% of the time-outside the lower or upper SpO(2) limits. Automated oxygen control systems were considered a good idea by 59.2% of the respondents, but 53.9% considered allowing parents to participate in FiO(2) titration a bad or very bad idea. Conclusions: The majority of the respondents identified their unit's policy-specified SpO(2) target limits and reported that the increase in SpO(2) target limits may have led to more alarms. Titration of FiO(2) is a part of care that respondents were reluctant to share with parents. Practice implications: A potential increase in the number of SpO(2) alarms may lead to alarm fatigue. Although family-centered care philosophy is widely accepted across Dutch NICUs, there are still barriers to overcome. (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. SN 0882-5963 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 49 SI SI BP E36 EP E41 DI 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.08.005 UT WOS:000504892300007 PM 31439356 ER PT J AU Mironov, VA AF Mironov, Vasiliy A. TI A Scientific and Educational Dimension of Geology: On the Problem of the Ambiguity of the Term "Geology" SO TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL AB The article discusses the problem of the ambiguity of the term "geology" through a comparison of the understanding of "geology" in education and in the philosophy of science. It is noted that in the framework of the philosophy of science, methodological problems of geology as a profession, i.e., regional geology, working on geological mapping, was not considered. The aim of the study is to actualize the methodological problems of regional geology and determine the place and role of the regional geological work in the system of geological knowledge. The materials this study is based on are the curricula of different years in geology from the Archive of Tomsk State University. Previous works of the author of this article, which take into account a wide range of studies of domestic and foreign authors on methodological problems in geological sciences, are also used. The methods used in the study are historical-philosophical analysis, aimed at the study of works on methodological problems of geology; comparative analysis, aimed at comparing perceptions of geology within the philosophy of science and in the education system. Achievements in the field of narratology, which examines the historical aspect of regional geology, are also used. The article discusses regional geology as a profession, but also raises the question of what a "geologist", dedicated to regional geology, is: an engineer or a scientist? If one relies on the qualification in the diploma, a geologist dealing with regional geology is not an engineer. The assertion that a regional geologist is a scientist also requires clarification and explanation. A geologist is first and foremost a researcher, but of a particularly kind: a geologist does not search for universal laws, but explores a unique object: the Earth and its sites. Regional maps, despite some "historical" aspect, are always maps of the current state of the Earth. That is, regional geology examines the Earth's present, not its history, though with references to the age of certain structures and geological bodies. Therefore, regional geology is neither a history of the Earth, nor a doctrine of minerals. Despite the fact that it is determined in particular as a "history of the geological development of the continents and regions", the regional geological map as the main result of regional geological studies is not a history of the Earth. Thus, it is possible to define regional geology as a type of geological research, based on which various kinds of ideas about the Earth can be built. There is also every reason to believe that regional geology as a specific science operates fairly accurate scientific information about individual geological objects and is the basis for all subsequent studies of the Earth. RI Mironov, Vasiliy/AAD-8985-2020 SN 1561-7793 EI 1561-803X PD NOV PY 2019 IS 448 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.17223/15617793/448/11 UT WOS:000504057200011 ER PT J AU Shirokova, MA AF Shirokova, Marina A. TI The Philosophy of the Slavophiles as the Beginning of the "Religious-Philosophical Renaissance" in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century SO TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL AB The article argues that, in comparison with the Westerners' views, the Slavophiles' position, archaically conservative in form, putting forward the idea of restoring the original tradition, turned out to be truly innovative, since it was necessary to rethink this tradition creatively and present it to the Russian society at the level of philosophical reflection. The significance of the Slavophiles in the development of Russian self-consciousness lies not only in posing new philosophical problems in a new way, but also in shaping the paradigms of the development of Russian history and culture Thanks to the Slavophiles, the center of philosophical creativity gradually began to move from Europe to Russia. To a large extent, through the efforts of the Slavophiles, a process was launched in Russia designated by the researchers as a "religious-philosophical renaissance". The author of the article notes that, although the Slavophiles created Russian philosophy as a religious one, like all subsequent Russian thinkers, it was an axiological mentality rather than a religious one, with an appeal to the human in man, with striving not only to impassively comprehend the laws of the surrounding world and transform it using science and technology, but also to assess their actions morally. The philosophical and theological constructions of the Slavophiles can rightfully be regarded as a desecularization (postsecularization) of scientific knowledge of the world and man. The tradition of using theological methods in science, culture, philosophy and politics was characteristic of prePetrine Russia, but, since the reforms of Peter I, secularization tendencies prevailed in all these spheres. It is suggested that the leader of the Slavophiles A.S. Khomyakov was faced with the necessity of using the discourse of Orthodoxy, since the Slavophile author, like any researcher, was limited to his time. But, with the help of this discourse, he managed to determine the eternal, "timeless" values for man and humanity. The language of any philosophy is the language of its era, and, if Russian philosophy wanted to be truly original, it should have organically incorporated both the concepts of Orthodoxy and its methodology. In modern conditions, the idea of sobornost ("togetherness", "symphony"), which is key to the Slavophiles, can be expressed both in religious and secular languages, which in this case do not oppose each other, but, on the contrary, are mutually enriched. Thus, the ancestor of Slavophilism managed to overcome the one-sidedness of both religious and rational (atheistic) worldviews. SN 1561-7793 EI 1561-803X PD NOV PY 2019 IS 448 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.17223/15617793/448/12 UT WOS:000504057200012 ER PT J AU Ognev, DA Shevtsov, VV AF Ognev, Daniil A. Shevtsov, Vyacheslav V. TI Dissertation Councils on Historical Sciences K 063.53.18 and K 212.267.01 at Tomsk State University: To the 20th Anniversary of the Dissertation Council for Specialties 07.00.07 - Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology and 07.00.10 - History of Science and Technology and to the 25th anniversary of the Research and Training Laboratory "Siberia: Historical Traditions and Modernity" SO TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL AB The article describes the activities of Tomsk State University Dissertation Councils K 063.53.18 and K 212.267.01 for specialties 07.00.07 - Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology and 07.00.10 - History of Science and Technology. The source base of the article is dissertation records, in particular, transcripts of meetings. Dissertation Council K 063.53.18 was formed at the initiative of the dean of the Faculty of History, Professor A.T. Topchiy, and Professors V.M. Kulemzin and N.V. Lukina in 1999 with the aim of developing ethnographic research. By the time the dissertation council was formed, the ethnographic tradition had long existed at the Faculty of History of Tomsk University. Ethnographic research was carried out in several directions: the study of the Khanty and the peoples of Tomsk Oblast that did not belong to the indigenous peoples of Western Siberia: Ukrainians, Estonians, Germans; the study of Altai Burkhanism as well as the experience of the Russian state in the field of interethnic relations. Significant results were achieved in the field of studying the history of higher education and science. In 1994, at the initiative of Professor S.F. Fominykh, a research and training laboratory "Siberia: Historical Traditions and Modernity" was established. On its basis, five volumes of the biographical dictionary Professors of Tomsk University were published from 1996 to 2013. During the work of Dissertation Councils K 063.53.18 and K 212.267.01, dissertations on ethnography devoted to the Khanty, the Selkups, the Khakass were defended. The dissertation councils acted as pioneers in defending dissertations on the history of science and technology. The councils worked in the context of the socioeconomic transformations of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, and this context was actualized at the meetings of the councils, primarily in the form of questions from members of the councils to dissertationists. The meetings of the councils also became a reflection at the micro-level of discussions held in the scientific community. During their work, the councils significantly influenced the formation of the historical scientific community in Siberia and in Russia in general. For the years of their work, the councils have formed a wide range of leading organizations. Council members also acted as research advisors of dissertations and opponents. Currently, Dissertation Council D 212.267.18 is one of three councils for specialty 07.00.10 - History of Science and Technology (Historical Sciences). The authors of the article claim that Dissertation Councils K 063.53.18 and K 212.267.01 made a significant contribution to the development of Russian historical science in the transition period. SN 1561-7793 EI 1561-803X PD NOV PY 2019 IS 448 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.17223/15617793/448/16 UT WOS:000504057200016 ER PT J AU Kozhevina, MA AF Kozhevina, Marina A. TI Nikolai Andrianovich Neklyudov in the History of National Criminology SO TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL AB The aim of the article is to actualize and give a new meaning to the concept "criminal statistics", which emerged during the formation of legal science and eventually became axiomatic, to fill it with a more modern content based on the analysis of the historical experience of the pre-revolutionary Russian legal science. The master's thesis "Criminal Statistical Studies" of Nikolai Neklyudov, published as a separate edition in 1865, is analyzed. The article draws parallels in the historical and contemporary context regarding the approaches to the study of crime and the criminal, which allows the author to distance himself from the "outdated" knowledge of legal reality and propose a different way of studying the criminal environment and the formation of the criminal policy of the state. The study reveals the main provisions of Neklyudov's concept of criminal statistics as a scientifically based methodology. The scholar proposes to start with the age of a person, which accumulates the fullness of the person's spiritual and physical features and allows establishing the interrelations and the interdependence of human behavior and the external environment in which this behavior manifests itself The central element of the concept is the concept of criminal statistics. The main scientific approach to the study of immoral and criminal acts is determined: a philosophical one, which makes it possible to look at criminal life as a phenomenon with its causes, forms of manifestation, conditions of existence and modifications, both quantitative and qualitative. The analysis of Neklyudov's thesis shows several important and scientifically relevant provisions. Criminal statistics as a method of scientific knowledge is one of the fundamental components of criminological research. Statistical data are objective; therefore, it is possible to identify both quantitative and qualitative (via content analysis) characteristics of "criminal life". Criminal statistics provides a comprehensive vision of this life, in which there is a person with their inner world and the environment they live in, and which affects their behavior. Criminal statistics, with its educational potential, can influence the choice of the criminal law strategy of the state and the legal (sectoral: criminal, administrative, etc.) policy. Criminal policy together with criminal statistics is defined as the "weal of modern culture". The latter conclusion has a deep meaning and an eternal importance not only for the development of criminology as a science, but also for legal science and practice in general. The legal policy of the state is one of the forms of manifestation of a certain level of political and legal culture of society and, therefore, the level of the very life of this society. If statistics indicate the external causes that support a low standard of living and a high level of crime, the weakness and inertia of the state become apparent. SN 1561-7793 EI 1561-803X PD NOV PY 2019 IS 448 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.17223/15617793/448/29 UT WOS:000504057200029 ER PT J AU Orkibi, H AF Orkibi, Hod TI Positive psychodrama: A framework for practice and research SO ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY AB In the last two decades, positive psychology researchers have been studying the factors that promote well-being and optimal functioning to help individuals and communities thrive and flourish. This article introduces positive psychodrama as a framework for practice and research that builds on a sustainable and growing body of research indicating that a complete notion of mental health consists not only of the absence of mental illness symptoms but also the presence of mental health indicators. I address the question of how does psychodrama look through the lens of positive psychology. After an overview of psychodrama background and research, positive concepts in J. L. Moreno's psychodrama theory and philosophy are revisited and linked to contemporary positive psychology literature. Empirically-supported positive psychology interventions are also reviewed and examples of positive psychodrama activities are presented. Psychodrama therapists and researchers are encouraged to focus not only on decreasing mental illness but also on improving mental health, thereby contributing to the growing body of literature on this topic. OI Orkibi, Hod/0000-0003-1498-7953 SN 0197-4556 EI 1873-5878 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 66 AR UNSP 101603 DI 10.1016/j.aip.2019.101603 UT WOS:000504524400005 ER PT J AU Saparov, BZ Tashkyn, A AF Saparov, B. Zh Tashkyn, A. TI ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGION ON THE FORMATION OF TOLERATED CONSCIOUSNESS AND SOCIAL CONSENT SO BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AB The problem of tolerance demands the analysis of the nature of tolerance. Researchers connect emergence of the idea of tolerance with the period of the Reformation and the ideas of Education of the new European liberal political philosophy. The idea of tolerance, which has three hundred years old, arose for release of religions, proclaimed the liberal tradition. There are three main periods of the development: the first period is connected with the rationalistic doctrine of John Lock. At the heart of his views is the relation of belief and reason of understanding of the tolerance. The toleration, in accordance with Lock's rational need, meansfreedom. The second period is connected with the development of perspective of tolerance in the liberal theory of John Stuart Mill. He proclaimed the idea of freedom of the individual, which can be limited only the freedom of other person. Considering problems of justice, equality as bases of the society research scholarsexplained by the need of the contract. The tolerance is one of the justice conditions, when the person has to sacrifice own beliefs for the prevailing of the rights of other members. The tolerance is approved as life style of the western society, where the person has real rights and freedoms. Traditional society is proclaimed as fundamentalist society, where the individual cannot have culture and freedom. SN 1991-3494 EI 2518-1467 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 IS 6 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.32014/2019.2518-1467.153 UT WOS:000503829300013 ER PT J AU Verdejo, AE AF Espinoza Verdejo, Alex TI THOMAS KUHN'S PHILOSOPHICAL TURN CONCERNING THE INCOMMENSURABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC THEORIES SO INTERCIENCIA AB Are the discoveries of scientific theories continuous or do they arrive as incomparable and untranslatable constructs? Thomas Kuhn dealt with this question throughout his research. In his conception of the history of science he made a turn going from historical sociology towards linguistic sociology and hermeneutics. In The Road since Structure (2000) the author claims that the historical examination of science should be done from the philosophy of language. Scientific theories are linguistic constructs determined by sociocultural settings. Icomplement these ideas with Hans-Georg Gadamer's notion of 'fusion of horizons', giving thus credit to Kuhn's redundancy theory of truth. In this sense the paper ends by asserting that Kuhn proposal is pragmatic; the idea of truth by redundancy would be the theory which provides a better level of intelligibility: redundancy makes the choice possible. SN 0378-1844 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 44 IS 11 BP 653 EP 659 UT WOS:000504336700008 ER PT J AU Leischner, S Falla, GC Gerowski, B Rochlani, M Wellner, F AF Leischner, Sabine Falla, Gustavo Canon Gerowski, Bettina Rochlani, Mrinali Wellner, Frohmut TI Mechanical Testing and Modeling of Interlayer Bonding in HMA Pavements SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD AB After premature de-bonding failures of several roads in Germany, researchers at the Technische Universitat Dresden developed a new testing device, the Dresden Dynamic Shear Tester (DDST), for quality control and characterization of the interlayer bond. The DDST is used to quantify the shear stiffness of the interlayer bond between asphalt layers at different temperatures, stress levels, and frequencies. The DDST was designed to avoid some limitations of common interlayer bond static tests (i.e., Leutner tests, torque bond tests, etc.) by simulating the dynamic loads experienced by real pavements and determining material parameters which can be used within mechanistic models. The paper presents the philosophy and methodology behind the DDST as well as the post-processing of the test data to obtain a master curve of shear stiffness of the interlayer bond. The master curve is determined by back-calculation of testing data by coupling a Fourier assisted finite element method with an optimization algorithm. The results of experiments showed that the shear stiffness at the interlayer zone was strongly influenced by the temperature, frequency, and normal load. At high temperatures the adhesion of the tack coat did not contribute to the layer bond. It was deduced that at high temperature and with no axial load shear stiffness was achieved only through aggregate interlocking and, when normal pressure was applied, through friction between the surfaces of the asphalt layers. SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 2673 IS 11 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.1177/0361198119843254 UT WOS:000504280700077 ER PT J AU Simonova, SA Dudareva, MA Mikhalkin, NV Yashina, TA Zubashchenko, YV AF Simonova, Svetlana A. Dudareva, Marianna A. Mikhalkin, Nikolay V. Yashina, Tatiana A. Zubashchenko, Yaroslav V. TI Metaphysics of Labor in Russian Culture: Part One SO AMAZONIA INVESTIGA AB The article tries to describe a complex phenomenon in Russian culture and philosophy the metaphysics of labor. Much attention is paid to Russian philosophical thought of the beginning of the 20th century, and the views of L.N. Tolstoy to this problem. The question is raised about the formation of economic and labor ethics in Russia, as well as the religious motivation of work. The axiological value of labor for the Russian person is determined, the metaphysical essence of labor in the national image of the world is revealed. This was still discussed by religious thinkers. S.N. Bulgakov wrote about the "sophisticated" nature of labor activity. The study also examines the phenomenon of laziness, the category of "leisure", "free time" in the context of spiritual Russian culture. The connection of labor activity with moral categories is traced. The work involves analytical, historical, descriptive and systematic methods of analysis. EI 2322-6307 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 8 IS 23 BP 868 EP 874 UT WOS:000503389800010 ER PT J AU Porter, G Turner, J AF Porter, Gina Turner, Jeff TI Meeting Young People's Mobility and Transport Needs: Review and Prospect SO SUSTAINABILITY AB This paper reviews published and grey literature on young people's daily transport and mobility experiences and potential, with the aim of identifying major research gaps. It draws on literature across a range of disciplines where interest in mobilities has expanded significantly over the last decade (transport studies; social sciences, notably geography and anthropology; health sciences). We focus particularly on young people from poorer households, since poverty and mobility intersect and interact in complex ways and this needs closer attention. Although youth transport issues are set in their global context, the focus on poverty encourages particular attention to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially countries in Africa and Asia. Key themes include education, employment, travel safety and the role of mobile technology. This review demonstrates how young people's travel experiences, needs and risks are embedded in power relations and vary with gender, age and location. It also points to the scale and range of uncertainties that so many young people now face globally as they negotiate daily mobility (or immobility). Significant research gaps are identified, including the need for more in-depth action research involving young people themselves (especially in Asia), and greater attention to the impact of mobile technologies on travel practices. EI 2071-1050 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 11 IS 22 AR 6193 DI 10.3390/su11226193 UT WOS:000503277900007 ER PT J AU Scott, J Sulsberger, MJ AF Scott, Joey Sulsberger, Megan J. TI Exploring the Contributions of an Immersive, Environmental Education Workshop on Pre-Service Teachers' Environmental Education Preparedness SO SUSTAINABILITY AB Public schools are an important place to cultivate environmental agency in children, and classroom teachers play an important role in this identity process. Teachers who afford opportunities for environmental learning and care behaviors to develop during the school day play an important role in cultivating the next generation of environmental stewards. Pre-service teacher populations bring additional promise to the future development of stewardship in schools, as their teaching philosophies and early career plans are still emerging and amenable. Providing purposeful, interactive, environmental education programming within the context of teacher training programs may be an important factor in positively impacting pre-service teachers' (PSTs) confidence, willingness, and/or sense of preparedness to implement environmental learning in their future classrooms. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study examined the potential impacts an immersive, environmental education workshop conducted at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in Monterey, CA had on a group of 61 elementary education PSTs during their teacher preparation program at California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB). After participating in a variety of ocean-themed activities and empathy exercises, data collected through pre- and post-surveys indicated that this immersive, environmental experience contributed to PSTs perceived confidence and preparedness as future classroom-based, environmental educators. Through the reported development of their environmental confidence and interest in accessing supplementary resources, PSTs' ability to act on behalf of the environment by planning environmental learning in their future classrooms becomes a springboard for additional training and support. EI 2071-1050 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 11 IS 22 AR 6505 DI 10.3390/su11226505 UT WOS:000503277900318 ER PT J AU Huang, SH Xu, ZY Wang, GX Zeng, C Yan, Y AF Huang, Sihan Xu, Zhaoyi Wang, Guoxin Zeng, Cong Yan, Yan TI Reconfigurable machine tools design for multi-part families SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AB Reconfigurable machine tools (RMT) are the core facility of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS), and structure design is the fundamental research involving RMT. The existing prototypes of RMT are limited to a specific part family, which suffers from reconfiguration difficulty and module sustainability issues. Therefore, a design philosophy of RMT for multi-part families with new design principles based on reconfigurability is proposed in this paper. Modularity and integrability are the basic principles, scalability, convertibility, and customization are the primary design principles, and reusability and symmetry are the auxiliary design principles. By implementing the new design principles, a two-step design method of RMT is proposed. First, a basic three-main-module structure, including the base, function arm, and workstation, is created. Second, customized components are selected to customize the functions for a specific part family, which can be reconfigured to meet the demand of other part families using other customized components. A prototype of RMT illustrates the proposed design philosophy to specify the basic three-main-module structure. The basic configurations of the RMT prototype are given, as well. The reconfigurability of the RMT prototype is analyzed from the perspectives of scalability, convertibility, and reconfiguration time. Based on topology optimization, the performance of the RMT prototype is improved. The case study implements milling and turning functions, demonstrating the practicality of the proposed design philosophy, where the processing of typical parts is also analyzed. Furthermore, the reconfiguration process among multi-part families is discussed in the case study. SN 0268-3768 EI 1433-3015 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 813 EP 829 DI 10.1007/s00170-019-04236-6 UT WOS:000495396000047 ER PT J AU Rosa, WE Kurth, AE Sullivan-Marx, E Shamian, J Shaw, HK Wilson, LL Crisp, N AF Rosa, William E. Kurth, Ann E. Sullivan-Marx, Eileen Shamian, Judith Shaw, Holly K. Wilson, Lynda L. Crisp, Nigel TI Nursing and midwifery advocacy to lead the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda SO NURSING OUTLOOK AB The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was implemented on January 1, 2016 and is composed of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and further delineated by 169 targets. This article offers background information on the 2030 Agenda as it relates to nursing and midwifery, professional organizational initiatives currently advancing the SDGs, the ethos of global citizenship, the urgency to respond to dwindling planetary health, the salience of nursing and midwifery advocacy in SDG attainment, and the myriad opportunities for nurses to lead and collaborate toward realizing these Global Goals. A US-based perspective is employed to underscore the Agenda's relevance to the US nursing workforce and healthcare system. The SDGs, with their holistic bio-psychosocial-environmental approach to health, present enormous opportunities for nurses and midwives. The SDG framework is naturally aligned with the foundational philosophy and purpose of our professions. SN 0029-6554 EI 1528-3968 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 67 IS 6 BP 628 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.06.013 UT WOS:000502894600003 PM 31420180 ER PT J AU Anderson, KM McLaughlin, MK Crowell, NA Fall-Dickson, JM White, KA Heitzler, ET Kesten, KS Yearwood, EL AF Anderson, Kelley M. McLaughlin, Maureen Kirkpatrick Crowell, Nancy A. Fall-Dickson, Jane M. White, Krista A. Heitzler, Ella T. Kesten, Karen S. Yearwood, Edilma L. TI Mentoring students engaging in scholarly projects and dissertations in doctoral nursing programs SO NURSING OUTLOOK AB Background: Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs in the US have grown exponentially, outnumbering Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing programs. Faculty are mentoring increasing numbers of students on DNP projects or PhD dissertations. Purpose: This descriptive study explored faculty characteristics and examined support, engagement, and outcomes of American Association of Colleges of Nursing member nursing faculty mentoring student DNP projects or PhD dissertations. Method: A researcher-developed survey tool was emailed to 550 Deans and Program Directors of AACN doctoral programs for distribution to their doctoral faculty. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings: 177 DNP and 53 PhD (N=230) program surveys were completed. Faculty described challenges in the mentoring role including: time constraints, workload allocation, resources, faculty role preparation, student readiness, and variability in student outcomes. Conclusions: Additional dialogue and consensus is required to promote mentoring of students in nursing doctoral programs to ensure rigor of scholarly outcomes. SN 0029-6554 EI 1528-3968 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 67 IS 6 BP 776 EP 788 DI 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.06.021 UT WOS:000502894600018 PM 31421860 ER PT J AU Zanini, RA Horn, GB AF Zanini, Raquel Aline Horn, Geraldo Balduino TI Theater games and improvisation: for a philosophical education in childhood SO URDIMENTO-REVISTA DE ESTUDOS EM ARTES CENICAS AB This article seeks to show, from an exploratory study, possible interfaces between philosophy and theater. It defends the need to provide children with their own space of expression as a "place of speech", thus breaking the condition of infant - without speech. Philosophy is understood as praxis, which starts from the recognition of the subject's needs (Hwttwe, 1983). Combining the practice of theater games and improvisation based on Viola Spolin's theory (2010) and Walter Benjamin's reflections (2009), he concludes that this intertwining makes it possible to conduct the educational process in order to guarantee children the realization of childhood. SN 1414-5731 EI 2358-6958 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 3 IS 36 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.5965/1414573103362019223 UT WOS:000502951800015 ER PT J AU Tapia-Hernandez, E Garcia-Carrera, S AF Tapia-Hernandez, Edgar Garcia-Carrera, Salvador TI Inelastic response of ductile eccentrically braced frames SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING AB Results: of nonlinear analyses of 6- and 9-story regular buildings structured with moment-resisting eccentrically braced steel frames are discussed in this paper. Models were located in soft soil site conditions (Mexico City's lake-bed zone) and designed for a seismic modification factor Q = 4.0 (the maximum allowed according to the local code). Nonlinear analyses were performed in OpenSees. Beam-column elements with plasticity spread along the element length were considered for the link beam, beam segments outside of shear links, braces, and columns. A detailed model of the connection at ends of link elements with springs was also considered. Through 1756 certified laboratory coupon tests, an improved value of the actual steel yielding stress was included in order to evaluate material overstrength capacity based on local market characteristics. Despite the fact that buildings were designed in compliance with capacity design principles, undesired soft-story collapse mechanisms were developed. According to the results, the link rotation normative limit is conservative to predict actual inelastic capacities. Based on a statistical study, a proposal to evaluate link rotation capacity was developed as a function of the cross-section of the link beam. Results indicate that links do not yield at the same time or on all floors; therefore, axial demands in columns based on a capacity design philosophy might be too conservative. An improved strategy to estimate the axial design demand in columns is proposed. OI Tapia-Hernandez, Edgar/0000-0003-4269-180X SN 2352-7102 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 26 AR 100903 DI 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100903 UT WOS:000502363100046 ER PT J AU Lebedev, AB Stepanenko, RF Stepanenko, GN Kuzmina, EV AF Lebedev, Alexey Borisovich Stepanenko, Raviya Faritovna Stepanenko, German Nikolaevich Kuzmina, Elena Vladislavovna TI Marginality in the socio-philosophical and juridical dimensions: the experience of an interdisciplinary approach SO REVISTA SAN GREGORIO AB This article is devoted to the problem of social marginality, considered in the research key of social philosophy and the general theory of law. In recent decades, the socio-cultural reality has been significantly transformed: in the life of modern society penetrated the latest information technologies that have arisen due to the rapid development of electronics, in addition, there was the formation and spread of a new type of attitude and worldview, which was conceptualized in the philosophical, cultural, religious and other practices of globalizing space today. The epistemic field that exists between the two disciplinary practices (theory of law and social philosophy) allows us to see marginalization as an epiphenomenon of transformations of modern society. The authors begin their theoretical and applied study of marginality with a comprehensive study of its generic property, i.e. with a study of marginality as such. In this paper, we analyze the semantic and etymological meanings of marginality, consider a wide range of philosophical, sociological and historiographic issues, legal aspects that explain the generic properties of marginality, which allows, in the authors' opinion, to identify the essential and cognitive aspects of this phenomenon, to establish a causal complex of mutual influence marginality on the state of social order as well as offense, and vice versa RI Kuzmina, Elena/B-9923-2018 OI Kuzmina, Elena/0000-0002-1004-8361 SN 1390-7247 EI 2528-7907 PD NOV PY 2019 IS 34 SI SI BP 6 EP 13 UT WOS:000502575000001 ER PT J AU Maslov, ES Kovinko, PA AF Maslov, Evgeniy Sergeevich Kovinko, Polina Alekseevna TI Event as a concept of philosophy and narratology SO REVISTA SAN GREGORIO AB Event is one of the key ontological categories actively studied in several sciences. The article is concerned with analyzing and comparing the definitions and criteria of event within the narratives of various philosophers, many of which relied on linguistic material (Z. Vendler, B. Hennig, A.P.D. Mourelatos, K. Gill and others). Linguistic and logical methods are used. The task of the work is to distinguish between event and thing, state, and especially process as the closest ontological type. In addition, the work explores event approaches that are appertain on narratology (M. Bal, J. Lotman, W. Schmid and others). We have singled out the key criteria for event: spatio-temporal boundaries, change, heterogeneity, instantaneousness, the presence of a result, the presence of an evaluating subject, the presence of epistemological grounds for isolation, extraordinariness. In the paper the correlation and consistency of these criteria are proved. We pinpoint the criterion of heterogeneity: event requires a qualitative heterogeneity of states before and after a certain point in time. The trends in the interpretation of events that are characteristic of analytical and continental philosophy are indicated. The specificity of the approach to event in narratology is investigated. In particular, in narratology, situational, philosophical, socio-cultural significance, subjectivity, and also the criterion of extraordinariness are of particular concern. Event appears in narratology not as something given in its finished form, but as a result of narrative construction, although based on objectively existing premises. SN 1390-7247 EI 2528-7907 PD NOV PY 2019 IS 34 SI SI BP 30 EP 38 UT WOS:000502575000004 ER PT J AU Norman, M AF Norman, Mark TI LUTHER, HEIDEGGER, AND THE HIDDENNESS OF GOD SO TYNDALE BULLETIN AB This paper seeks to trace how certain Lutheran themes, particularly the tendency towards fideism evidenced in the Lutheran 'Deus absconditus' Chidden God), were later adopted by Heidegger, and then misappropriated by certain 'post-theological' thinkers of the continental tradition in the late twentieth century. In what follows, the early Luther and his theology of the Cross will be firstly placed into its late medieval nominalist context, after which Heidegger's employment of the Lutheran 'hidden God' in his formulation of the question of `being' will be discussed. Finally, I will propose that the appreciation of Luther's legacy and his relevance for philosophy lies not in popular Heideggerian' revisionist readings of the reformer but, alternatively, through integrating the Deus absconditus theme into the rest of his theological thought, including his historical context.(1) SN 0082-7118 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 70 IS 2 BP 291 EP 316 UT WOS:000502363900007 ER PT J AU Gaher, F AF Gaher, Frantisek TI Mill's Mistaken Objection of Petitio Principii Against Deductive Logic SO FILOZOFIA AB The critique of logic, as it was taught on the British Isles, intensified at the beginning of the 19th century. A systematic critique of Aristotelian (syllogistic) logic was undertaken from the standpoint of common sense philosophy chiefly by Scottish philosophers, followers of T. Reid. E. Copleston of Oxford came to logic's defense. His student, R. Whately, later wrote the textbook Elements of Logic (1826), in which he replied to the objections of Scottish philosophers. The textbook correctly explains that systems of deductive logic need not suffer from the petitio principii fallacy. J. S. Mill at first wrote a positive review of the textbook, but later published his System of Logic. In it, he puts forward the contrary view when evaluating the role of Aristotelian (deductive logic), objecting to the supposedly irredeemable fallacy of petitio principii. The fallacy can be avoided, he argues, in an inductive logic proposed by him. Mill's objection to the Aristotelian syllogism was based on a misunderstanding of the analytic novelty of the knowledge contained in the conclusion of a valid argument. Mill's explication of logic is contradictory, based on an associative psychologism and sensualism. The objection against deductive logic is simply mistaken. Mill's logic and his positions were very critically appraised already by S. Jevons and the standard overviews of the history of logic fail to mention it. SN 0046-385X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 74 IS 9 BP 721 EP 734 DI 10.31577/filozofia.2019.74.9.3 UT WOS:000501942200004 ER PT J AU Taub, L AF Taub, Liba TI What is a scientific instrument, now? SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF COLLECTIONS AB In 1990, Deborah Jean Warner, a curator at the Smithsonian Institution, published her now-classic article 'What is a scientific instrument, when did it become one, and why?'. These questions were prompted by practical curatorial considerations: what was she supposed to collect for her museum? Today, we are still considering questions of what we collect for the future, why, and how. These questions have elicited some new and perhaps surprising answers since the publication of Warner's article, sometimes - but not only - as a reflection of changing technologies and laboratory practices, and also as a result of changes in those disciplines that study science, including history of science and philosophy of science. In focusing attention on meanings associated with scientific instrument collections, and thinking about what objects are identified as scientific instruments, I consider how definitions of instruments influence what is collected and preserved. SN 0954-6650 EI 1477-8564 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 31 IS 3 SI SI BP 453 EP 467 DI 10.1093/jhc/fhy045 UT WOS:000501733900002 ER PT J AU Hemmo, M Shenker, O AF Hemmo, Meir Shenker, Orly TI The physics of implementing logic: Landauer's principle and the multiple-computations theorem SO STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF MODERN PHYSICS AB This paper makes a novel linkage between the multiple-computations theorem in philosophy of mind and Landauer's principle in physics. The multiple-computations theorem implies that certain physical systems implement simultaneously more than one computation. Landauer's principle implies that the physical implementation of "logically irreversible" functions is accompanied by minimal entropy increase. We show that the multiple-computations theorem is incompatible with, or at least challenges, the universal validity of Landauer's principle. To this end we provide accounts of both ideas in terms of low-level fundamental concepts in statistical mechanics, thus providing a deeper understanding of these ideas than their standard formulations given in the high-level terms of thermodynamics and cognitive science. Since Landauer's principle is pivotal in the attempts to derive the universal validity of the second law of thermodynamics in statistical mechanics, our result entails that the multiple-computations theorem has crucial implications with respect to the second law. Finally, our analysis contributes to the understanding of notions, such as "logical irreversibility," "entropy increase," "implementing a computation," in terms of fundamental physics, and to resolving open questions in the literature of both fields, such as: what could it possibly mean that a certain physical process implements a certain computation. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Hemmo, Meir/0000-0002-0752-1269 SN 1355-2198 EI 1879-2502 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 68 BP 90 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.07.001 UT WOS:000501656400008 ER PT J AU Di Paolantonio, M AF Di Paolantonio, Mario TI The Malaise of the Soul at Work: The Drive for Creativity, Self-Actualization, and Curiosity in Education SO STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION AB Franco "Bifo" Berardi tells us that the current transformation of every domain of social life into economy has led to "the subjugation of the soul to work processes." There is a newfound love of work and, consequently, writes Berardi, "no desire, no vitality seems to exist anymore outside of the economic enterprise." Concerned as it once was with "fostering the soul," and concerned as it now (almost exclusively) is with preparing students for the job market, what role might education have in Berardi's musings? Can "creativity," "self-actualization" and "curiosity," which are so valued in education, still speak and help foster a sense of the soul that exceeds economy and work? In this paper, I explore these questions by providing an account of what is at stake in Berardi's conception of the soul and its subjugation to work. I draw on his ideas to critically appraise the seemingly-benign aspirations of the "creative class," a term coined to signal a new era for human flourishing afforded by shifts towards personal creativity in the digital economy. I then move to consider how, in particular, the ubiquitous promotion of "creativity" and "curiosity" in education tends to replicate a form of learning that puts the soul to work, as it were, promoting a narrow, self-enterprising subject with a frantic instrumental orientation towards the world. I conclude with a discussion on how demands on learners, to be always curious, innovative, nimble and open to discovery lead to panic, collapse and depression: the diseases of the soul. SN 0039-3746 EI 1573-191X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 601 EP 617 DI 10.1007/s11217-019-09653-4 UT WOS:000501868900004 ER PT J AU Tiainen, K Leivisk?, A Brunila, K AF Tiainen, Katariina Leiviska, Anniina Brunila, Kristiina TI Democratic Education for Hope: Contesting the Neoliberal Common Sense SO STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION AB This paper provides a reinterpretation of Paulo Freire's philosophy of hope and suggests that this interpretation may function as a fruitful ground for democratic education that aims to contest the prevailing neoliberal 'common sense'. The paper defines hope as a democratic virtue required for resisting the discursive practises and affective mechanisms associated with the contemporary neoliberal ethos-those, which Carlos Alberto Torres characterizes as the "neoliberal common sense" and Lauren Berlant as "cruel optimism". Conclusively, the paper constructs three principles for democratic education - ' history as possibility ', ' the ethics of intervention ', and ' democratization' -which are intended to function as a foundation for democratic education through which the virtue of hope can be fostered. These principles are argued to form a basis for reviving the political dimensions of education and thus allowing collective transformative action. OI Tiainen, Anna Katariina/0000-0001-7235-4922; Brunila, Kristiina/0000-0003-2548-2897 SN 0039-3746 EI 1573-191X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 641 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s11217-019-09647-2 UT WOS:000501868900007 ER PT J AU Burmaoglu, S Sartenaer, O Porter, A AF Burmaoglu, Serhat Sartenaer, Olivier Porter, Alan TI Conceptual definition of technology emergence: A long journey from philosophy of science to science policy SO TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY AB Technology and innovation policy has been the core of economic development since the 1950s. Moreover, the increasing rate of technological developments allowed policy and strategy makers to think about technology emergence for proactive planning. In this sense, technological emergence became popular with different applications and foresight studies. However, even though it is a popular concept in the literature, an accepted formal definition is lacking. In this study, we propose a definition based on review as; "Technological emergence is a cyclic process in highly creative scientific networks that demonstrates qualitative novelty, qualitative synergy, trend irregularity, high functionality, and continuity aspects in a specified time frame". We discuss and explain the definition by demonstrating it in a multi-dimensional model to make it understandable and applicable for future studies. Finally, we discuss it with existing literature and propose future implications. RI Burmaoglu, Serhat/H-9836-2014 OI Burmaoglu, Serhat/0000-0002-5537-6887 SN 0160-791X EI 1879-3274 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 59 AR 101126 DI 10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.04.002 UT WOS:000501800100005 ER PT J AU Morris, JC AF Morris, Julia C. TI Violence and extraction of a human commodity: From phosphate to refugees in the Republic of Nauru SO EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES AND SOCIETY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AB With the political potency of migrant and refugee demonization, governments have brokered trade deals to extend the geographies of asylum into new sites far beyond their borders. This article draws on unprecedented fieldwork conducted in the Republic of Nauru to explore the Australian government's practice of outsourcing asylum to Pacific island nations. I look at the overlaps between Nauru's enterprises around phosphate and now refugees in order to understand the deep environmental and human consequences of mineral and migrant resource sectors. The article shifts the analysis away from a socio-legal or humanitarian frame towards a political economic approach centered on resource extraction, bringing to the fore questions about patterns of accumulation and imperial dependency that induce some countries to take on outsourced asylum operations over others. Ultimately, I argue that refugees are an industry that has had a hugely negative impact on local and refugee populations in Nauru. I also show how Australian-led activist campaigns exasperate these frictions by reinforcing colonial characterizations of savage Nauruans versus vulnerable refugees. SN 2214-790X EI 2214-7918 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 IS 4 SI SI BP 1122 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/j.exis.2019.07.001 UT WOS:000501572400014 ER PT J AU Hung, CY AF Hung, Cheng-Yu TI From silenced to vocal: Teacher unionists' growing influence on educational development in Taiwan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AB The oldest teachers' union in Taiwan, The National Federation of Teachers Unions, has been in operation for almost eight years. This is in stark contrast with the situation in Western countries where teachers' unions have existed for over a century. This article looks into how these pioneering teacher unionists emulated their western forerunners and finally formed a new voice for their peers. By means of interviews with twenty founding members, it is proposed that unionism and professionalism are not mutually exclusive and that the betterment of working conditions can contribute to the quality of education delivered to children. In line with this integrated philosophy, the unions have developed strategies to exercise their right to speak. Micro-strategies champion professional identity to improve members' teaching practice and gain the public's trust. Macro-strategies involve teacher unionists' activism in power politics, contrary to the traditional Confucian image of teachers in Taiwan. The evolution of teacher unionism in such a young democracy can provide inspiration to nearby countries with educators still silenced by those in power and show that teachers can play an active role in transforming education outside the classroom. SN 0738-0593 EI 1873-4871 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 71 AR 102124 DI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102124 UT WOS:000501617100007 ER PT J AU Kiesel, H AF Kiesel, Helmuth TI Was there Millenarianism in Bolshevism and Nazism? SO INTERNATIONALE KATHOLISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT COMMUNIO AB As early as in the 1920s and 1930s commentators located chiliastic and millenaristic ideas in the ideology of communism and national socialism.This implies the thesis, that the millenarianism motives contributed to the sucess of communism and nazism. The in-depth analysis of recent research underlined this supposition. However, the significance of apocalyptic or chiliastic ideas for the consciousness of the Nazi leaders and for the acceptance of its policies among the population is still disputed. SN 1439-6165 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 IS 6 BP 644 EP 652 DI 10.14623/com.2019.6.644-652 UT WOS:000501590400006 ER PT J AU Konigsberg, LW Sgheiza, V AF Konigsberg, Lyle W. Sgheiza, Valerie TI The Use of Roche, Wainer, and Thissen's Skeletal Maturity of the Knee SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB The Roche, Wainer, and Thissen (RWT) knee method was designed to assess maturity in living individuals, but is infrequently cited in studies of skeletal measures for legal age thresholds or estimation of age-at-death for forensic cases. We implement the RWT method using R scripts and analyze its utility in establishing an age threshold of 18 years. We fit the RWT model and verify its accuracy in estimating skeletal age against results and known age data provided by RWT. We also found the transition distribution for full skeletal maturity. Agreement between the RWT method and our implementation was good, with a maximum deviation of 0.03 years. The modes of transition to full skeletal maturity are 18.37 and 17.16 years for males and females. The corresponding Bayes factors are 5.73 and 1.77, indicating that complete skeletal maturity of the knee does not provide conclusive evidence of attainment of 18 years of age. OI Konigsberg, Lyle/0000-0003-4052-1575 SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1769 EP 1775 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.14073 UT WOS:000501482700020 PM 31116431 ER PT J AU Hall, F Forbes, S Rowbotham, S Blau, S AF Hall, Felicity Forbes, Shari Rowbotham, Samantha Blau, Soren TI Using PMCT of Individuals of Known Age to Test the Suchey-Brooks Method of Aging in Victoria, Australia SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB The estimation of an individual's age at death plays a critical role in the investigation of unidentified human remains. The Suchey-Brooks method, which involves the analysis of degenerative morphological changes in the pubic symphysis, is currently widely used to estimate age in adults. This study tested the applicability of the Suchey-Brooks method on a contemporary adult Australian (Victorian) subpopulation by observing three-dimensional volume-rendered postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) reconstructions of the pubic symphysis of 204 individuals aged 15-100 years. Results showed the method was reliable for females (85% correct allocations) but not for males (67% correct allocations). It is therefore recommended that extreme caution be used when applying the Suchey-Brooks method for estimating age at death of an individual in this subpopulation from PMCT images. The results suggest further investigation into alternate age estimation methods is required. OI Hall, Felicity/0000-0003-1382-1257 SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1782 EP 1787 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.14086 UT WOS:000501482700022 PM 31150122 ER PT J AU Ammer, S Coelho, JD Cunha, EM AF Ammer, Saskia d'Oliveira Coelho, Joao Cunha, Eugenia Maria TI Outline Shape Analysis on the Trochlear Constriction and Olecranon Fossa of the Humerus: Insights for Sex Estimation and a New Computational Tool, SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 17-24, 2018 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci AB Sex estimation through visual analysis of the distal humerus can contribute to establishing the biological profile of an unidentified skeletal individual. Using statistical shape modeling, the trochlear constriction open curves and olecranon fossa closed outlines of 151 humeri were digitized and analyzed. The shape configurations exhibited strikingly different degrees of sexual dimorphism when evaluated using linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation. The trochlear constriction performed poorly, correctly classifying 63.6% of the individuals. However, the olecranon fossa showed high sexual dimorphism, presenting a 94.0% accuracy. A simpler model using only two principal components was also generated. While the accuracy is slightly inferior (88.1%), it has the advantage of being constrained to bidimensional components that were translated into morphoscopic variables within a simulator interface. This allowed us to implement the method through a web application that does not require users to be trained in landmark digitization or have knowledge of geometric morphometrics. RI Cunha, Eugenia/H-8089-2019 OI Cunha, Eugenia/0000-0003-2998-371X; d'Oliveira Coelho, Joao/0000-0003-0871-1926 SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1788 EP 1795 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.14096 UT WOS:000501482700023 PM 31150127 ER PT J AU Cappella, A Gibelli, D Obertov?, Z Cummaudo, M Castoldi, E De Angelis, D Sforza, C Cattaneo, C AF Cappella, Annalisa Gibelli, Daniele Obertova, Zuzana Cummaudo, Marco Castoldi, Elisa De Angelis, Danilo Sforza, Chiarella Cattaneo, Cristina TI The Utility of Skeletal and Surgical Features for the Personal Identification Process: A Pilot Study SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB This pilot study provides a conceptual framework for the application of the anthropological analysis of skeletal features and surgical interventions for the purpose of identification in cases of unknown deceased individuals with unavailable fingerprint, genetic or odontological antemortem data. The study sample includes 276 individuals with known demographic and clinical information from the Italian CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection. In the sample, 124 (45%) individuals showed one or more skeletal features that may be potentially individualizing. Of these, 79% showed two and more features, which occurred in a multitude of different combinations. Skeletal findings may provide useful postmortem information that can be compared with antemortem witness statements and clinical imaging. However, more research into the utility of dry bone findings and the availability of comparative material, including imaging, and epidemiological data needs to be undertaken before skeletal features can be implemented into identification protocols and databases. RI ; Sforza, Chiarella/C-3008-2015; Gibelli, Daniele/L-1468-2016 OI Cappella, Annalisa/0000-0002-4527-4203; Sforza, Chiarella/0000-0001-6532-6464; De Angelis, Danilo/0000-0001-6388-9415; Gibelli, Daniele/0000-0002-9591-1047 SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1796 EP 1802 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.14117 UT WOS:000501482700024 PM 31237695 ER PT J AU Fischer, B AF Fischer, Bob TI How to Reply to Some Ethical Objections to Entomophagy SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA CT Eating Insects Athens Conference CY AUG 13-15, 2018 CL Athens, GEORGIA AB Some people have moral objections to insect consumption. After explaining the philosophical motivations for such objections, I discuss three of them, suggesting potential replies. The first is that insect consumption ignores the precautionary principle, which we can gloss here as "Don't know, don't farm." In other words, although there might be evidence that insects are not conscious, we do not know that they are not; so, we should not take the moral risk associated with killing them en masse. The second concern is driven by a different way of assessing moral risk-namely, by calculating expected utility. The short version: even if it is incredibly unlikely that insects are conscious, farming them involves harming so many of them that it is better simply to grow plants instead. The third concern is about whether insects live "net negative lives," with more pain than pleasure. The thought is that if they do, then their lives are not worth living overall, in which case it is wrong to bring them into existence. I conclude by considering the prospects for strategic alliances between animal advocates and those who promote insect consumption, in the even that they are unable to resolve their moral disagreements. SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 112 IS 6 SI SI BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1093/aesa/saz011 UT WOS:000501727800004 ER PT J AU Anders, AIM AF Anders, Anne Iris Miriam TI Silencing and Oblivion of Psychological Trauma, Its Unconscious Aspects, and Their Impact on the Inflation of Vajrayana. An Analysis of Cross-Group Dynamics and Recent Developments in Buddhist Groups Based on Qualitative Data SO RELIGIONS AB The commercialization of Buddhist philosophy has led to decontextualization and indoctrinating issues across groups, as well as abuse and trauma in that context. Methodologically, from an interdisciplinary approach, based on the current situation in international Buddhist groups and citations of victims from the ongoing research, the psychological mechanisms of rationalizing and silencing trauma were analyzed. The results show how supposedly Buddhist terminology and concepts are used to rationalize and justify economic, psychological and physical abuse. This is discussed against the background of psychological mechanisms of silencing trauma and the impact of ignoring the unconscious in that particular context. Inadequate consideration regarding the teacher-student relationship, combined with an unreflective use of Tibetan honorary titles and distorted conceptualizations of methods, such as the constant merging prescribed in so-called 'guru yoga', resulted in giving up self-responsibility and enhanced dependency. These new concepts, commercialized as 'karma purification' and 'pure view', have served to rationalize and conceal abuse, as well as to isolate the victims. Therefore, we are facing societal challenges, in terms of providing health and economic care to the victims and implementing preventive measures. This use of language also impacts on scientific discourse and Vajrayana itself, and will affect many future generations. EI 2077-1444 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 10 IS 11 AR 622 DI 10.3390/rel10110622 UT WOS:000501816600020 ER PT J AU Beyt, A AF Beyt, Adam TI "Beautiful and New": The Logic of Complementarity in Hedwig and the Angry Inch SO RELIGIONS AB This article suggests that reading John Cameron Mitchell's musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch as a religious classic undermines the logic of complementarity within Catholic theological anthropology, particularly the Theology of the Body of John Paul II. A religious classic, a term coined by theologian David Tracy, describes a work with an "excess of meaning" that offers hope and resistance against a normative social structure. Hedwig resists the hegemonic structure of sexual dimorphism, as represented by the logic of complementarity operative within the Theology of the Body. This theological anthropology proposes a normative framework for human beings as gendered and sexual agents who "complete" each other through heterosexual and monogamous marital acts, reinforcing heterosexist and transphobic bodily norms. The work of Judith Butler helps illuminate the embodied performance of gender that the musical so brilliantly subverts. Hedwig, while toying with gender norms, also undermines the idea of the logic of complementarity-namely, that each person has another "half" that will cause completion, bringing human flourishing. In the title character not finding a version of "completeness" by the end of the show, the musical, thus, offers hope for those who cannot fit into gendered bodily norms. EI 2077-1444 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 10 IS 11 AR 620 DI 10.3390/rel10110620 UT WOS:000501816600018 ER PT J AU Bowen, A AF Bowen, Amber TI Reviving the Dead: A Kierkegaardian Turn from the Self-Positing to the Theological Self SO RELIGIONS AB Kierkegaard scholars have traditionally chosen to read Kierkegaard as either a theologian or a philosopher. As a result, his corpus is bifurcated as theologians and philosophers lean on their preferred texts. Beneath this practice is an underlying assumption that philosophy and theology "make two," or should be kept in separate corners. However, a contemporary movement in philosophy known as New Phenomenology has challenged this dualistic maxim and instead finds it appropriate for phenomenology to draw from a theological archive. This article suggests that the possibilities New Phenomenology makes available help us retroactively better understand Kierkegaard's text, Sickness unto Death. Fictional author, Anti-Climacus uses theology strategically to open up J. G. Fichte's ontological monism and to move constructively beyond the dead end of his philosophy. Sickness unto Death effectively demonstrates New Phenomenologist, Emmanuel Falque's claim that the more we theologize, the better we philosophize. EI 2077-1444 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 10 IS 11 AR 633 DI 10.3390/rel10110633 UT WOS:000501816600037 ER PT J AU Mao, X AF Mao, Xin TI Religion's Ambivalent Relation with Violence: From Scott Appleby to Emmanuel Levinas SO RELIGIONS AB The recent debate on the relation between certain religious traditions and violence has offered us multiple perspectives on this issue. Some scholars accept the conflictual image of religion in the contemporary time projected by the media, seeking the reason for religion's supposedly violent nature. Some scholars have completely rejected the association between violence and religion, defending religion against what they see as a myth. Faced with difficulty reaching any consensus, R. Scott Appleby addresses the complexity of the phenomenon through the notion of ambivalence. His approach accommodates the revolutionary moments of religion and offers us a comprehensive perspective on the violence used by religious actors. In this paper, however, I will argue that Appleby fails to distinguish between violence on an ontological level and violence as means to achieve justice. I will introduce the notion of ambivalence as it appears in Emmanuel Levinas's philosophy to construct an alternative theory about religion's ambivalent attitude towards violence, where violence is limited to its role in justice but is yet transcended by religious infinite love. With this extended meaning of ambivalence, I will be able to confirm that the interhuman encounter implied in one's relation to the sacred should be prioritised in addressing religious violence. EI 2077-1444 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 10 IS 11 AR 632 DI 10.3390/rel10110632 UT WOS:000501816600035 ER PT J AU Reading, M AF Reading, Michael TI The Anuvrat Movement: A Case Study of Jain-inspired Ethical and Eco-conscious Living SO RELIGIONS AB From proclaiming the equality of all life forms to the stringent emphasis placed upon nonviolent behavior (ahimsa), and once more to the pronounced intention for limiting one's possessions (aparigraha), Jainism has often been pointed to for its admirably ecofriendly example. Incorporating some of this eco-friendliness into its design for ethical vow taking, the Jain-inspired Anuvrat Movement, founded in 1949 by Acharya Sri Tulsi, today offers some arguably vital relevance for the urgent modern task to live eco-consciously. While such relevance includes, most explicitly, Anuvrat's final vow (vow eleven) which calls for practitioners to "refrain from such acts as are likely to cause pollution and harm the environment," and to avoid the "cutting down of trees" and the "wasting of water,"1 it also includes several of Anuvrat's other vows as well, which carry significance on a more implicit level. Hence, presenting some of the basic history and philosophy behind Anuvrat, this article also analyzes its potential for ensuring ethical (and eco-conscious) behavior via its hallmark mechanism of vow restriction-a modality of arguably potent strategic and motivational value. Altogether, while first providing a brief inventory of Jain ecological practice in general, the article will then turn its attention to Anuvrat, arguing that when it comes to the modern eco-conscious imperative to "live simply so that others may simply live" (as the popular adage has it), there is indeed much that Anuvrat has to offer. EI 2077-1444 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 10 IS 11 AR 636 DI 10.3390/rel10110636 UT WOS:000501816600023 ER PT J AU Leonard, SP AF Leonard, Stephen Pax TI Voices from the outside: The instrumentality of radio messages in Colombian kidnappings SO LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION AB What was the impact of one-way radio messages aimed at hostages kidnapped by the FARC and held captive in the Colombian jungle? Messages were read out every Saturday night (reception in the Colombian jungle is best between 01:00am and 04:00am) for 22 years. Here, radio animated emotional registers of lived experience as one-way radio messages intensified novel forms of imagination for both speaker, hearer and the 'community' of other hearers, in this case thousands of hostages dotted around the jungle. This article examines the linguistic instrumentality of the radio voice. By analysing the Voces del Secuestro messages, it is shown how a phenomenological listening of the radio voice gave hope in times of anguish. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. OI Leonard, Stephen Pax/0000-0003-2166-540X SN 0271-5309 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 69 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.langcom.2019.04.005 UT WOS:000501402300001 ER PT J AU Hussain, Z AF Hussain, Zahid TI OPTIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY BY ELIMINATING AND MANAGING REJECTION FREQUENCY USING 5S AND KAIZENS PRACTICES: CASE STUDY SO INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION AB The worldwide demand of ceramic tiles market is projected to spread about 21,000 million square meters by 2020. The rising infrastructure progress activities in emergent countries is expected to motivate the trade growth throughout the estimated period. The industry has fascinated a number of new competitors owing to the fast demand progress, thus executing the business extremely reasonable. The production of ceramic tiles involves two different stages: pre bisque firing kiln processes and post bisque firing kiln processes. Rejection encountered in pre bisque firing kiln processes can be recycled deprived of much damage to the environment however the post bisque firing kiln rejection cannot be reprocessed. On the other hand, greatest amount of thermal energy is consumed in the bisque firing kiln process. This research paper highlights a case study of frontier ceramic ltd to diminish the post bisque firing kiln rejections frequency during the production of ceramic wall tiles. In this perspective, 5S methodology is used to reorganize the workstations and process flow while the application of kaizens philosophy of continuous improvement has directed to 40% decrease in post bisque firing kiln rejection consequently saving energy and damage to environment. RI hussain, zahid/V-4399-2018 OI hussain, zahid/0000-0002-5671-7030 SN 2236-269X PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1952 EP 1970 DI 10.14807/ijmp.v10i6.943 UT WOS:000500535300005 ER PT J AU Shah, SP Channiwala, SA Kulshreshtha, DB Chaudhari, GC AF Shah, S. P. Channiwala, S. A. Kulshreshtha, D. B. Chaudhari, G. C. TI Design, Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Radial Inflow Micro Gas Turbine SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS AB The work arose initially from an interest in design of radial turbine for small scale gas turbine applications typically suitable for distributed power generation system which demands compact installations. The paper describes an investigation in to the design and performance of radial inflow turbines having a capacity of 25kW at 1,50,000 rpm. First a non-dimensional design philosophy is deduced to design a turbine rotor. The design approach is largely one dimensional along with empirical correlations for estimating losses used to obtain the main geometric parameters of turbine. From the proposed design approach, turbine total-to-static efficiency is calculated as 84.91% which is reasonably good. After that a modified vortex design procedure is developed to derive the non-dimensional volute geometry as a function of azimuth angle for actual flow condition. Once a specific turbine is designed, the flow is analyzed in detail using a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code in order to assess how accurately the performance is predicted by simple meanline analysis. Finally, a fully instrumented experimental setup is developed. The experimental investigations have been carried out to study the temperature and pressure distribution across turbine and total-to-static efficiency is calculated. The limitations of surging and choking in compressor as well as in the bearings to take up load at such high speed has allowed the tests to be conducted upto 70000 rpm only, with turbine inlet temperatures ranging from 900 K to 1000 K and a pressure ratio upto 1.79, which developed power in the range of 1.69 kW to 10.22 kW. The uncertainty bands are in order of +/- 13.76% to +/- 3.12%. It is observed that the CFD results are in good agreement with test results at off design condition. CFD models over predicted total to static efficiency by order of 7-8% at lower speed. These deviations are reduced as turbine runs close to design point. SN 1735-3572 EI 1735-3645 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1905 EP 1917 DI 10.29252/jafm.12.06.29782 UT WOS:000500596100015 ER PT J AU Nguyen, D AF Doyen Nguyen TI Evolution of the Criteria of "Brain Death": A Critical Analysis Based on Scientific Realism and Christian Anthropology SO LINACRE QUARTERLY AB "Brain death" (understood in the sense of "whole brain death" and not in the sense of "brainstem death") was introduced into clinical practice in 1968 when the Harvard Ad Hoc Committee defined irreversible coma as a new criterion for death (understood in the full sense of the word). According to the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), promulgated in 1981 by the President's Commission (which also formally advanced the first conceptual rationale for brain death), the legal declaration of death using the brain death standard requires the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem. The brain death standard has since evolved, however, to include significant modifications even though, on a literal reading, its clinical test criteria have remained unchanged. This article gives an account of why and how the brain death standard has been updated, leading to the currently practiced guidelines for the determination of brain death put forth by the American Academy of Neurology. According to the updated standard, the presence of certain brain or spinal cord functions does not invalidate the diagnosis of brain death. By analyzing these guidelines critically on the basis of scientific realism and Thomistic hylomorphism, this article demonstrates that the updated brain death standard contradicts both the UDDA and the tenets of sound anthropology held by the Catholic Church. Nontechnical Summary: This article examines the evolution of the "brain death" standard from the time of its introduction by the Harvard Committee until the current guidelines established by the American Academy of Neurology. This evolution consists mainly of a selective discarding of certain brain and spinal cord functions that are deemed insignificant. Based on the principles of scientific realism and a Thomistic substance view of human nature, this article shows that the evolved standard contradicts both the Uniform Determination of Death Act definition of brain death and the fundamental tenets of Christian anthropology as taught by the Catholic Church. SN 0024-3639 EI 2050-8549 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 86 IS 4 SI SI BP 297 EP 313 DI 10.1177/0024363919869474 UT WOS:000501257200006 ER PT J AU da Silva, MS AF da Silva, Mitieli Seixas TI LEIBNIZ'S HERITAGE IN UNDERSTANDING THE CHRISTIAN WOLFF'S LOGIC SO AUFKLARUNG-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB The essay to understand the genealogic tree of the general logic, especially in the XVII and XVIII Century and, particularly, in the European Academy, leads us to a research on the comprehension of this discipline in Christian Wolff's philosophy. That study, in its turn, shows us that Wolff's influences are both the "Logic of Ideas" represented by the Messieurs of Port-Royal and John Locke, and the scholastic tradition represented, notably, by Leibniz. In this paper, we will retrace this double influence with the aim of accentuate the Leibnizian heritage in the comprehension of the general logic by Christian Wolff. SN 2318-9428 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 SI SI BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.18012/arf.2019.49456 UT WOS:000500321700004 ER PT J AU von Saltiel, ER AF von Saltiel, Eduanlo Ruttke TI LEIBNIZ'S FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION ON THE BASIS OF THE TRANSCENDENTAL IDEAL OF THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON SO AUFKLARUNG-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB We seek to present the importance of Leibniz's theses on Kant's philosophy by examining how the two philosophers reflect on the demonstration of God's existence. To do so, we return in general lines to the Leibnizian arguments of his Principles of Nature and Grace (1714) to demonstrate the existence of God. Next, we recall how a similar argument can be found in pre-critical Kantian texts such as the Nova Dilucidatio (1755) and The Only Possible Argument for a Demonstration of the Existence of God (1762). Subsequently, we present (also in broad outline) some of the main reasons listed by the Critique of Pure Reason (1781) that seem to have convinced Kant to abandon the previous certainty about the effective validity of the pre-Critical argumentation ("Leibnizian" in some way). Finally, we note the permanence of this argument in the section of the Critique of Pure Reason - dedicated to the exposition of the genesis of the so-called transcendental ideal of pure reason. SN 2318-9428 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 SI SI BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.18012/arf.2019.49457 UT WOS:000500321700005 ER PT J AU Bonneau, C AF Bonneau, Cristiano TI ON CERTAIN AND LOGIC AND PROBABILITY - CRITICISM TO THE HOBBESIAN STATE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY IN LEIBNIZ SO AUFKLARUNG-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB This paper begins with some considerations on Leibniz's philosophy of Hobbes, in particular on the issue of freedom. Leibniz discusses the problem of freedom in the face of physical Hobbesian and its potential deterministic. The Hobbesian ideas about human nature and reason are invaluable to the consolidation of a tradition of political theorists. Taking as a starting point this context, we analyze the possibilities of thinking about political philosophy in the philosophy of Leibniz. SN 2318-9428 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 SI SI BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.18012/arf.2019.49459 UT WOS:000500321700007 ER PT J AU Araujo, E Bonneau, C AF Araujo, Elana Bonneau, Cristiano TI THE LEIBNIZIANO MAIL - LEIBNIZ AND MALEBRANCHE IN THE CONTEXT OF DISCOURSE ON METAPHYSICS SO AUFKLARUNG-REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA AB This paper exposes some of the important influences of Malebranche's thinking in Leibniz's philosophy. The relationship between the Reign of Grace and the Reign of Nature unveils the limits of human action, which is part of the idea of the world system. Malebranche well determines with the concept of simple to describe the universe and its designs. As the laws governing the universe, this logic of simplicity and also of its wealth of. This text demonstrates how a concept is formed to construct the very notion of the universe and divine action. SN 2318-9428 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 SI SI BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.18012/arf.2019.49462 UT WOS:000500321700010 ER PT J AU Wheeldon, A Morris, J Sokolov, D Yakovlev, A AF Wheeldon, Adrian Morris, Jordan Sokolov, Danil Yakovlev, Alex TI Self-timed, minimum latency circuits for the internet of things SO INTEGRATION-THE VLSI JOURNAL CT 27th International Symposium on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS) CY SEP 25-27, 2017 CL Thessaloniki, GREECE SP Aristotle Univ Res Disseminat Ctr, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB This work presents a design flow for asynchronous, self-timed dual-rail circuits which introduces a timing assumption in the return-to-spacer phase. The design flow enables power proportionality and is demonstrated through the design of a 32-bit ripple-carry adder and a 32-bit comparator for internet of things applications. The designs are synthesized to a 65 nm cell library with state-of-the-art transistor sizing for subthreshold. Simulation results show improved performance and energy per computation across operating conditions compared with single-rail equivalents. The design flow allows extension of the power proportional philosophy to a wider range of circuits. SN 0167-9260 EI 1872-7522 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 69 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.vlsi.2019.01.013 UT WOS:000500051400013 ER PT J AU Mafukata, MA Moseki, M Khan, A AF Mafukata, Mavhungu Abel Moseki, Modise Khan, Aneesah TI The paradoxical meanings of the artifact owls (Athene noctua) at the University of South Africa: An impediment to transformation, decolonization, and Africanization discourse SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS AB This paper interprets the expressions embedded in the artifact Owls displayed at the Theo Van Wijk building of the University of South Africa (Unisa) in relation to the university's transformation, decolonization, and Africanization discourse. These artifacts are said to depict Unisa as a space of wisdom; this in terms of Greek mythology and philosophy. The use of Greek mythology and philosophy in a university meant to be promoting African values, systems, and beliefs contradicts the university's transformation, decolonization, and Africanization discourse. Philosophical inquiry was adopted to intellectually interpret what these artifact Owls expressed. The paper found that these Owls are a point of contestation and conflict between Western and African cultures. The perpetual display of these Owls upholds and sustains tendencies of colonialism and apartheid although discarding Africannes. Unisa is reduced into a Western-centric space of little and irrelevant significance for the postapartheid democratic state. These artifact Owls must be removed and replaced by an African-friendly symbolism of wisdom. Sankambe could be the best option. SN 1472-3891 EI 1479-1854 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 19 IS 4 AR UNSP e1965 DI 10.1002/pa.1965 UT WOS:000499996000011 ER PT J AU Zhan, MJ Cui, JH Zhang, K Chen, YJ Deng, ZH AF Zhan, Meng-jun Cui, Jing-hui Zhang, Kui Chen, Yi-jiu Deng, Zhen-hua TI Estimation of stature and sex from skull measurements by multidetector computed tomography in Chinese SO LEGAL MEDICINE AB The present study is an attempt to estimation of stature and sex from skull measurements by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in contemporary Chinese. In the present study, fifteen measurements for every skull were taken from CT image of 382 Chinese. The sample was composed of 200 males and 182 females with an average age of 47 and 46 years, respectively. Discriminant function was used in sex determination and regression analysis was used in stature estimation from skull measurements. The stepwise analysis of all measurements yielded a sex classification accuracy rate of 89.3%. The classification accuracy rates of the univariate discriminant function analyses were from 50.5% to 84.8%. For stature estimation, the standard error of estimate (SEE) ranged from 5.072 to 6.355 cm for male, from 5.090 to 5.829 cm for female, respectively. This study is the first to provide a metric and statistical characterization of the skull in contemporary Chinese, and indicates that it is feasible to sex estimation by skull measurement. Furthermore, the equations presented for stature estimation in this study may be used as alternatives in forensic cases, particularly in cases where better predictors such as the long bones are not available. SN 1344-6223 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 41 AR UNSP 101625 DI 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.101625 UT WOS:000500384600001 PM 31610412 ER PT J AU Vukadinovic, S Macuzic, I Djapan, M Milosevic, M AF Vukadinovic, Saveta Macuzic, Ivan Djapan, Marko Milosevic, Marko TI Early management of human factors in lean industrial systems SO SAFETY SCIENCE AB There is an obvious need to redefine approach to provide and develop human resources necessary for modern industrial systems and to find new models that will meet the demands of Lean philosophy and concepts of safety and ergonomics. The authors are suggesting Early Human Resources Management (EHRM) model, inspired by developed pillar structures of Lean based World Class Manufacturing (WCM) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) industrial systems and based on proactive approach referring to human resources. The EHRM model is designed through the integration of Early Management and Human Resources development concepts and uses the Vertical start-up (VSU) principle for a drastic reduction of time needed for reaching the full potential and achieving the desired level of knowledge and competencies of human resources in Lean industrial systems. Practical applications: EHRM contributes to reducing the gap between expected and real performances of human resources at an early stage of their professional careers and enables the effective and efficient transition from academic to industrial environment. At the same time, cooperation, communication and knowledge transfer between industry and universities are upgraded, development of educational curricula is facilitated and build around the applicative knowledge skills, and methods. RI Milosevic, Marko/AAC-2948-2020 OI Milosevic, Marko/0000-0001-5578-5472 SN 0925-7535 EI 1879-1042 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 119 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.ssci.2018.10.008 UT WOS:000500376400043 ER PT J AU Causevic, S Avdagic-Golub, E AF Causevic, Samir Avdagic-Golub, Elma TI The Challenges and Opportunities of Introducing Six Sigma at Customer Support Telecommunication Company SO TEM JOURNAL-TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATICS AB Six Sigma is a version, a philosophy, a strategy and a set of tools for improvement of the quality services and processes. Till now, this method was mostly used in the world of manufacture. Telecommunication is the industry that is based on the service, where the customers are the main focus, and their needs very often seem unpredictable. In this work, a critical review had been given to the application of the Six Sigma methodology in the department of customers support of a telecom company. Through SWOT analysis, given is a review of the opportunities and challenges of this methodology, and also what is necessary to be changed for this methodology to have a purpose and application in one telecommunication company. SN 2217-8309 EI 2217-8333 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1307 EP 1312 DI 10.18421/TEM84-29 UT WOS:000500710200029 ER PT J AU Livingston, A AF Livingston, Alexander TI Contribution to Book Symposium at Contemporary Pragmatism Some Political Consequences of Pragmatism SO CONTEMPORARY PRAGMATISM AB The question of what political consequences, if any, follow from American pragmatism is nearly as old as pragmatism itself. David Rondel's Pragmatist Egalitarianism breathes new life into this old debate. Rondel outlines a distinctively pluralistic and problem-oriented approach to political philosophy that claims to "reconcile and mediate" the false dichotomies and interminable debates marking philosophical discourses of egalitarian justice. This article identifies two competing visions of the political consequences of Rondel's egalitarian brand of pragmatism: one Rortyan and deflationary, the other Deweyan and reconstructive. Rondel's reconstructive argument shows how pragmatism's democratic radicalism pushes beyond the liberal consensus of contemporary theories of justice and towards a more robust conception of democratic socialism, yet the full implications of this position are cut short by the book's competing deflationary mode. SN 1572-3429 EI 1875-8185 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 16 IS 4 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1163/18758185-01604004 UT WOS:000500285000004 ER PT J AU Arroyo, G AF Arroyo, Gustavo TI Philosophical Disagreement and the Value-Laden Nature of Philosophy SO CONTEMPORARY PRAGMATISM AB Disagreement in philosophy is all-pervasive and irresolvable. There is almost no thesis in philosophy about which philosophers agree. In contrast to most contemporary accounts of philosophical disagreement, I argue that a significant proportion of philosophical disagreements are rooted in differences regarding values. A second thesis that I shall defend in this paper is that disagreements regarding values are not resolvable by argumentative means. SN 1572-3429 EI 1875-8185 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 16 IS 4 BP 396 EP 413 DI 10.1163/18758185-01604008 UT WOS:000500285000008 ER PT J AU Picornell, M AF Picornell, Merce TI Territories and interdisciplinary transformations: the (parodic) reception of Oscar Lewis' works SO IMPOSSIBILIA-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE ESTUDIOS LITERARIOS AB In literary studies, interdisciplinarity has been both celebrated as an advance towards the consideration of literature as transversal knowledge, and criticized as a trivialization of the specificity of the discipline. In this paper we propose an analysis of interdisciplinarity as an inescapable but complex reality, which often deals with processes of transformation between disciplines that are determined, among other things, by the geopolitics of knowledge. The complex reception of the work of the American anthropologist Oscar Lewis will serve as an example to study three facets of this transformation, which relate to the literary contagion of the anthropological text, the translation of his work in the Mexican context and the literary parodies that try to "counter-write" his scientific account. SN 2174-2464 PD NOV PY 2019 IS 18 BP 233 EP 257 UT WOS:000499693700011 ER PT J AU Ozhiganova, A AF Ozhiganova, Anna TI Official (Biomedical) Obstetrics and Alternative (Home) Midwifery: Formalized and Informal Interaction Practices SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY-EKONOMICHESKAYA SOTSIOLOGIYA AB The article discusses the interaction practices between the formal system of obstetric aid and alternative (home) midwifery, which together constitute a continuum of formal and informal in the sphere of medical services. For the analysis of these practices, I turn to critical medical anthropology and such important concepts for this research area as resistance to medicalization and medical pluralism. I also rely on the social studies of public health that regard it as an organizational field in which different types of institutional logics compete and come into the conflict: professional, state (or bureaucratic), and managerial. In the first part of the article, I show that the care in a home birth can be provided by both amateur midwives and certified medical specialists, such as obstetrician-gynecologists and midwives of the maternity hospitals, although in Russia, this activity qualifies as illegal. In the second part of the article, I discuss how, as a result of the conflict of institutional logics reinforced by several waves of health care reforms, various options have emerged for the formalized interaction of home midwives with maternity hospitals. At present, the most common practice is the part-time employment of midwives in the commercial departments of state maternity hospitals. The third part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the informal interaction of domestic midwives with maternity hospitals. I show that these practices arise in place of serious institutional gaps in the system and represent attempts to organize natural childbirth within the framework of the free-of-charge state medicine. In general, it can be argued that the dominant biomedical models of obstetric care and alternative midwifery do not exist in isolation from each other, but instead create complex and contradictory relationships of cooperation, confrontation, and competition. The study is based on in-depth interviews with home midwives, obstetrician-gynecologists and midwives working in maternity hospitals, as well as with women with home birth experience. SN 1726-3247 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 20 IS 5 BP 28 EP 52 DI 10.17323/1726-3247-2019-5-28-52 UT WOS:000500346500003 ER PT J AU Ncube, M AF Ncube, Mthuthukisi TI Exploring the prevalence of the sexually transmitted marks phenomenon in higher education institutions SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AB Countries steadfastly pursue academia as a necessary step towards socio-economic development, which places a mandate on institutions of higher learning to stir host-country economies through university deliverables. In Zimbabwe, this entails the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development's 'doctrine' spelling out the philosophy of 'Education 5.0' which emphasises teaching/learning, research, community engagement, innovation, and commercialisation of goods and services. However, academic dishonesty, such as that through 'sexually transmitted marks' (STM), threatens the realisation of such mandates. Although the norm is that such sexual transactions are initiated by academics, evidence shows students also initiate such relationships. Consequently, efforts to eliminate this threat to academic integrity should not only focus on lecturers, but also be extended to students. This paper contributes towards unmasking experiences of STM between male lecturers and female students, female lecturers and male students, and female students and male students, as determined from former university students and university alumni in Bulawayo. Exposing these practices allows for open consultation and adoption of good practices from similar institutions worldwide. Significance: The majority of respondents all attested to having experienced STM directly or indirectly during their years of study. An explicit STM regulation policy targeting all actors across universities is needed. SN 0038-2353 EI 1996-7489 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 115 IS 11-12 AR 6326 DI 10.17159/sajs.2019/6326 UT WOS:000500354000009 ER PT J AU De Pasquale, M AF De Pasquale, Mario TI INTERVIEW WITH PROF. ANNALISA CAPUTO: TEACHING AND LEARNING PHILOSOPHICAL SKILLS SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB One month ago, in Italy two books about philosophy teaching were published: the first one was published by Armando (Didattica della filosofia), the second one by Carocci (Ripensare le competenze filosofiche a scuola). The Author is professor Annalisa Caputo, that teaches Philosophical Hermeneutics and Teaching Philosophy at the University of Bari. Mario De Pasquale interviews the Author about her interpretation of concept of competency for teaching philosophy and about the University's new interest for topics like teaching philosophy, and about the future challenges for this topic. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 6 EP 14 UT WOS:000499494600002 ER PT J AU Belvedere, S AF Belvedere, Salvatore TI IDEAS FOR PHILOSOPHICAL EVALUATION SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB As stated by the European institutions, also for Philosophy the assessment of the student must be based on knowledge, abilities and competencies. While is it rather easy to identify knowledge (topics of the discipline) and abilities (intellectual elaboration on the topics), it is much harder to define attributes and features of the philosophical competencies. Indeed, Philosophy does not have any feedback system from the external environmental that can support the assessment of a competence, as it happens in scientific and technical disciplines. The philosophical competence must be found in the features that determine its specificity. This is the aim of this contribution. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 15 EP 22 UT WOS:000499494600003 ER PT J AU De Marco, L AF De Marco, Lia TI PHILOSOPHY AND VISUAL THINKING FOR AESTHETIC EDUCATION SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB The issue of aesthetic education has long been a major issue in both the philosophical and pedagogical spheres. In the age of mass media and widespread aestheticization, it seems more difficult to understand what aesthetic education actually is, what characteristics and functions it has. In view of a strong contamination between heuristic dynamics, participatory logics and "other" languages, the essay proposes a critical-hermeneutic understanding activity aimed at the development of a positive habit of addressing different systems of thought from a plurality of points of view. The understanding of the importance of the role of visual thinking and the implementation of a consequent aesthetic education have marked the didactic path of research on the artistic-philosophical scenarios of the twentieth century, result of the experience of a philosophical laboratory addressed to a select group of students of the three-year classes. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 23 EP 42 UT WOS:000499494600004 ER PT J AU Siess, D AF Siess, Dario TI FOR A NEW DIDACTICS OF PHILOSOPHY SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB This paper aims to discuss the present dilemma between the "historical" and the "cognitive" approaches on philosophical education, going back to the classical alternative Kant versus Hegel on metaphysics and the way of teaching. Secondly it considers the critical points of last MIUR's Guidelines on teaching philosophy (2017) and how it could represent nonetheless a useful basis for reforming the italian curriculum. Lastly this essay proposes a new way of teaching philosophy that combines the values of the two existing models. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 43 EP 56 UT WOS:000499494600005 ER PT J AU De Marco, L Piscitelli, TA AF De Marco, Lia Piscitelli, Tiziana Anna TI THREE YEARS OF "HIDDEN PHILOSOPHY" THE EXPERIMENTAL NETWORK PROJECT AMONG SCHOOLS "HIDDEN PHILOSOPHY" SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB Taking inspiration from the research of "hidden" meanings in the text, it was possible to move near in a different way students to the philosophical speculation, contaminated by an artistic research of strong visual impact, following the lesson of the Italian artist and writer Emilio Isgro. Received a photocopied or torn page from a philosophy book, each student reads the text practising one's own hermeneutic abilities to arrive selecting only words which revealed in an evoking way a hidden meaning and, therefore, to find. The remain of the text has been concealed becoming graphic background of the same. Pages of philosophical texts, words, underlined parts, printings out, drawings and pictures are all mixed till to create a unique expressive language of the originating human nature. For this reason, the third year of the project was launched through the establishment of an educational experimentation network, consisting of seven schools and S.F.I. Bari, for a total of 476 students and 41 teachers involved. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 57 EP 78 UT WOS:000499494600006 ER PT J AU Ferrari, M Terravecchia, GP AF Ferrari, Marco Terravecchia, Gian Paolo TI REASONS AND PRACTICES OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE TEACHING OF PHILOSOPHY SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB The paper, in the first part, presents the importance of teaching philosophy in nowadays information society. It deals both with some theoretical reasons and with some practical ones. The second part of the paper deals with three instances of excellence, respectively in teaching philosophy to high school students, in forming teachers and in teaching video making (the latter is proved to be significant for philosophy). The aim of the second part is to present good practices which are consistent with the urgent need of philosophy discussed in the first part. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 79 EP 87 UT WOS:000499494600007 ER PT J AU Chirico, G AF Chirico, Giancarlo TI PHILOSOPHY WITH PICTURE BOOKS SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB Picture books can represent a great point to do philosophy with children. In the dynamic between text and pictures - which is the constitutive figure of this literary genre - can be opened a space, where is possible to express unreleased and always new hypotheses. Once the connection between philosophy and picture books has been established, the article explores the possibility of a philosophical practice that allows children to experience, through games and playful dynamics, the truth told by the story, reworking it freely, without constraints built by the adult. In the final part of the article, three picture books (plus one) are suggested, which can be read from a philosophical point of view. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 88 EP 100 UT WOS:000499494600008 ER PT J AU de Marchi, PP AF de Marchi, Paola Premoli TI TEACHING THE ETHICS OF THE PROFESSION TODAY. WHAT ROLE DOES PHILOSOPHY PLAY? SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB The purpose of the paper is to open a debate on which method can be used today to teach professional ethics and on what role must philosophy play in this teaching. In the first section I investigate the epistemological nature of professional ethics and I argue that in order to orient the behavior of individuals and groups it must be based on applied ethics, on the one hand, and the human sciences like pedagogy and psychology, on the other hand. In the second part, I propose a method to teach professional ethics, which should achieve four objectives. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 110 EP 121 UT WOS:000499494600010 ER PT J AU Moraca, G Della Puppa, M Brunelli, L AF Moraca, Giulio Della Puppa, Michele Brunelli, Luca TI PHILOSOPHICALLY TOGETHER. WHERE DOES WESTERN PHILOSOPHY GO IN RELATION TO OTHER CULTURES? SO COMUNICAZIONE FILOSOFICA AB This article is a summary of the lectures that have animated the series of lessons under the title Philosophically together, organized by the Ancona section of the Societa Filosofica Italiana. The purpose of the meetings was to open up a public debate and promote critical thinking practices in the frame of a lifelong learning. The different themes of the lessons aimed at pinpointing different perspectives through a philosophical comparation. SN 1128-9082 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 BP 155 EP 172 UT WOS:000499494600013 ER PT J AU Sheehey, B AF Sheehey, Bonnie TI To Bear the Past as a Living Wound: William James and the Philosophy of History SO JOURNAL OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AB Philosophers generally recognize pragmatism as a philosophy of progress. For many commentators, pragmatism is linked to a notion of historical progress through its embrace of meliorism - a forward-looking philosophy that places hope in the future possibility of improvement. This paper calls pragmatism's progressivism into question by outlining an alternative account of meliorism in the work of William James. Drawing on his ethical writings from the 1870s and 1880s, I argue that James's concept of hope does not imply an embrace of historical progress, but remains detached from such a notion precisely insofar as it relies on a non-progressive temporality that encourages a rethinking of historical change. This form of hope is significant, I suggest, for the work of conceptualizing a non-progressive pragmatist approach to history and historiography. SN 1872-261X EI 1872-2636 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 3 BP 325 EP 342 DI 10.1163/18722636-12341431 UT WOS:000499656800003 ER PT J AU Portella, E AF Portella, Elizabeth TI "Caught in Its Movement": Liberalism, Critique, and Dewey's Implicit Philosophy of History SO JOURNAL OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AB "Philosophers," Dewey writes, "are parts of history, caught in its movement; creators perhaps in some measure of its future, but also assuredly creatures of its past" (Dewey 1927, 2). The question of the philosopher's embeddedness in either her own or some earlier historical moment constitutes an important theme in Dewey's account of pragmatism, in particular his account of politics. In lieu of a formal treatise on history, this paper focuses on Dewey's claims about history as they are enacted in his political analyses. Drawing on texts such as Liberalism and Social Action (1935) and Freedom and Culture (1939) as well "The Role of Philosophy in the History of Civilization" (1927), I hope to elucidate in greater depth the function and meaning of the term "historic relativity" as a central concept in Dewey's philosophy of history (Dewey 1935, 42). Further, I evaluate Dewey's criticisms of both classical liberalism and Marxism on historical grounds, where he employs what I call political obsolescence claims. From these texts I reconstruct and critically assess what I refer to as Dewey's implicit philosophy of history. I conclude that the presuppositions of Dewey's political reconstruction represent the very mode of uncritical historical reproduction which his philosophy ostensibly cautions against. To suggest one possibility for addressing these tensions, I gesture toward non-coincidence as a critical historical category through which we might articulate the historic present with the hope of transforming it. SN 1872-261X EI 1872-2636 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 3 BP 363 EP 383 DI 10.1163/18722636-12341433 UT WOS:000499656800005 ER PT J AU Binder, M AF Binder, Marnie TI Ortega's Pragmatist Perspectivism: On the Problem of Relativism SO JOURNAL OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AB Spanish Philosopher Jose Ortega y Gasset advanced a number of strong criticisms of American pragmatism, yet some pragmatist notions can also be detected in his own philosophy. Within Ortega's pragmatist perspectivism one can locate the possibility of overcoming one of the principal perceived problems of pragmatism: namely, its tendency toward relativism. This paper focuses on the ways in which Ortega's discussion of pragmatism pertains to history and historiography. Ortega's position that history is written from a select number of perspectives is congenial to pragmatist pluralism. What is recorded and continues to thrive in the annals of history is, within a pragmatist framework, whatever continues to be interesting, relevant, useful, and meaningful because it makes a difference - from and for these perspectives. The more of these perspectives we study, the closer we approach what, on Ortega's view, constitutes the "eternal truth which every period has lived," because materials initially gathered and framed for pragmatic reasons can later on provide important opportunities for the reflexive analysis of historical knowledge. SN 1872-261X EI 1872-2636 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 3 BP 384 EP 402 DI 10.1163/18722636-12341434 UT WOS:000499656800006 ER PT J AU Gazit, Y AF Gazit, Yael TI Appropriation, Dialogue, and Dispute: Towards a Theory of Philosophical Engagement with the Past SO JOURNAL OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AB This article suggests a change of perspective on philosophy's engagement with its past. It argues that rather than the putative purport of giving life to the past philosopher's work, philosophical engagement with the past gives life to one's own. Drawing on the neo-pragmatist thesis of Robert Brandom, it suggests looking to what philosophers do when they attribute meaning to concepts and considering their engagement with the past as appropriation in consequence. By scrutinizing Robert Pippin's opposing thesis of philosophical engagement with the past as dialogue, and carefully examining Brandom's, the article suggests an account for appropriation that shows it to be non-dialogical, and hence unable to yield the fruits associated with this conception, but also insightful and rich with other philosophical values. Brandom and John McDowell's dispute over the interpretation of Wilfrid Sellars provides an illustration of the proposed perspective and of those values. SN 1872-261X EI 1872-2636 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 3 BP 403 EP 422 DI 10.1163/18722636-12341435 UT WOS:000499656800007 ER PT J AU McNeill, LS Snowdon, J AF McNeill, Lisa S. Snowdon, Jasmine TI Slow fashion - Balancing the conscious retail model within the fashion marketplace SO AUSTRALASIAN MARKETING JOURNAL AB Consumers are ever more aware of the impacts of fashion textiles on the natural world, as well as the production ethics concerns directed toward traditional fast fashion products in terms of human resources. This has led to an emerging form of fashion retail centered on production principles that encourage increased lifecycles of products, reduced volume of purchasing by individuals, and ethical care in production and sales. The ethical movement termed slow fashion thus has a unique philosophy that is at odds with a number of traditional aims of retailing. Striving for higher profits through increased sales volume and rapid turnover of goods contradicts the conscious consumption philosophy of slow fashion proponents. This paper therefore explores the market strategies used by four New Zealand fashion retailers who identify as slow, and have a business approach that encourages consumers to prioritize longevity and consumption ethics over price and fashion newness. The research takes a case-based approach, and finds that the central issue for slow fashion retailers, irrespective of their individual philosophies within the slow fashion sphere, is that of finding a balance between the particular conscious retailing models they have self-prescribed, and that of traditional retailing. A necessity for profit making and market share underscores the difficulty of their position in the modern fashion marketplace, and this paper details their unique strategies in negotiating this ethical retail space. (C) 2019 Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 1441-3582 EI 1839-3349 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 27 IS 4 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.07.005 UT WOS:000499063100002 ER PT J AU Brady, S Sawyer, JM Perkins, NH AF Brady, Shane Sawyer, Jason M. Perkins, Nathan H. TI Debunking the myth of the 'radical profession': analysing and overcoming our professional history to create new pathways and opportunities for social work SO CRITICAL AND RADICAL SOCIAL WORK AB The social work profession has often been portrayed as a progressive, critical and even radical movement for social justice and social change (Wagner, 1990; Reisch, 2013). This article analyses the basis of these claims and critiques the labelling of social work as radical, utilising a philosophy-of-science lens and critical theories and perspectives to interrogate the professionalisation of social work, the current knowledge base and practices, and the history of social work. The final analysis finds that social work is not a radical profession due to the influence of neoliberal values and social forces that promote the status quo. Implications point to a need to move beyond the myth of the radical profession and towards realistic ways that social work could reposition itself as a progressive profession. SN 2049-8608 EI 2049-8675 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 7 IS 3 SI SI BP 315 EP 332 DI 10.1332/204986019X15668424193408 UT WOS:000499613600002 ER PT J AU Ablett, P Morley, C AF Ablett, Phillip Morley, Christine TI Social work as revolutionary praxis? The contribution to critical practice of Cornelius Castoriadis's political philosophy SO CRITICAL AND RADICAL SOCIAL WORK AB Social work is a contested tradition, torn between the demands of social governance and autonomy. Today, this struggle is reflected in the division between the dominant, neoliberal agenda of service provision and the resistance offered by various critical perspectives employed by disparate groups of practitioners serving diverse communities. Critical social work challenges oppressive conditions and discourses, in addition to addressing their consequences in individuals' lives. However, very few recent critical theorists informing critical social work have advocated revolution. A challenging exception can be found in the work of Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-97), whose explication of ontological underdetermination and creation evades the pitfalls of both structural determinism and post-structural relativism, enabling an understanding of society as the contested creation of collective imaginaries in action and a politics of radical transformation. On this basis, we argue that Castoriadis's radical-democratic revisioning of revolutionary praxis can help in reimagining critical social work's emancipatory potential. RI Ablett, Phillip/AAD-3658-2020 OI Ablett, Phillip/0000-0002-1574-0613; Morley, Christine/0000-0002-5141-3804 SN 2049-8608 EI 2049-8675 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 7 IS 3 SI SI BP 333 EP 348 DI 10.1332/204986019X15695800764884 UT WOS:000499613600003 ER PT J AU Calbucura, J Almonacid, M AF Calbucura, Jorge Almonacid, Milton TI Territoriality and ancestral governance: the case of the Puel Nahuelbuta Mapuche Indigenous Development Area of Chile SO CRITICAL AND RADICAL SOCIAL WORK AB The main objective of this article is to introduce the case of the Puel Nahuelbuta Indigenous Development Area (Mapuche, Chile) as a design practice that fosters local autonomy and, at the same time, contributes to the debate on radical alternative imaginaries towards post-patriarchal and post-capitalist social and cultural relations. In this context, the Az Mapu (knowledge of the natural order of the territory) rationality is important as a concept in the right way round indigenous territory and its governance. A second factor that stabilises the design practice of local autonomy is Kimun (ancestral philosophy or wisdom). Ixtrofil Mogen ( living in biodiversity) and Kume Mogen (living well/good living), being the ability to reflect according to the experiences, knowledge and circumstances faced by a person or group, are central. The questioning of these notions highlights the controversy between social justice, indigenous social work and indigenous traditional knowledge. SN 2049-8608 EI 2049-8675 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 7 IS 3 SI SI BP 401 EP 416 DI 10.1332/204986019X15701980643070 UT WOS:000499613600007 ER PT J AU Unternbaumen, EH AF Unternbaumen, Enrique Huelva TI In the vertices of time. Conceptual metaphors of time and its variations in poetry and philosophical thinking SO CULTURA LENGUAJE Y REPRESENTACION-REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CULTURALES DE LA UNIVERSITAT JAUME I AB In this paper, we intend to analyze the relationships that may exist between the conceptual metaphor TIME IS SPACE (Lakoff y Johnson, 1999; Raden, 2003; Nutiez, 2003; Ellen, 2016) that we use for everyday conceptualization of temporality, on the one hand, and the conceptions of time and of temporality drawn up within the spheres of philosophical thought and poetry, on the other. Specifically, it is our intention to verify the extent to which everyday concepts influence our aesthetic and philosophical conceptualizations; or, vice-versa, the degree to which the latter are able to free themselves from the former. Concretely, we shall analyze the phenomenological concept of temporality, as proposed by Edmund Husserl (2002) and Merleau-Ponty (1945), alongside certain poetical theses present in the poems of Jorge Manrique, Goethe, Unamuno, Antonio Machado and Chico Buarque, among others. We anticipate that the principal results will, on the one hand, be to show that the underpinnings of the aesthetic and philosophical proposals are more deeply rooted in the general everyday metaphors. Nevertheless, we will also present evidence that the general metaphors serve as a source space for reconceptualizations that may attain a high degree of cognitive and semantic complexity. These reconceptualizations are produced by the same mechanisms and processes responsible for the intercultural variation of conceptual metaphors (Kovecses, 2005, 2008). SN 1697-7750 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 22 BP 75 EP 97 DI 10.6035/CLR.2019.22.5 UT WOS:000498941300005 ER PT J AU Machielsen, J AF Machielsen, John TI Dynamics without a framework? Towards an ecological-enactive approach to the dynamical view of metaphor SO CULTURA LENGUAJE Y REPRESENTACION-REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CULTURALES DE LA UNIVERSITAT JAUME I AB Recently several attempts were undertaken to unite the field of metaphor studies, trying to reconcile the conceptual/cognition and linguistic/discourse approaches to metaphor (Hampe, 2017a). The dynamic view of metaphor as a way to unify the field of metaphor studies is said to converge on findings and theoretical predictions found in cognition and discourse approaches (Gibbs, 2017a). The author argues the focus on dynamical models to explain the multi-scale socio-cognitive aspects of metaphor as an emergent phenomenon is not robust enough. Complexity and dynamical systems are merely a modelling technique to deploy theory for empirical testing of hypotheses; a dynamic view of metaphor needs a coherent background theory to base its dynamic modelling of metaphor in action on (Chemero, 2009). I argue that it can be successfully based on the ecological-enactive framework available within the modern paradigm of 4E cognitive science. This framework makes possible explanation of both 'lower' cognition and 'higher' cognition emerging in the interaction of an organism with its environment. In addition, I sketch how recent theoretical insights from ecological-enactivism (Baggs and Chemero 2018, 2019) concerning Gibson's notion of environment (Gibson 1979) apply to the attempted unification of the field of metaphor studies. I close by suggesting how an understanding of metaphor as an ecological affordance of the socio-cultural environment can provide a rich basis for empirical hypotheses within a dynamical science of metaphor. SN 1697-7750 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 22 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.6035/CLR.2019.22.6 UT WOS:000498941300006 ER PT J AU Alvi, A Vengadasamy, R Majid, ABA AF Alvi, Amatulhafeez Vengadasamy, Ravichandran Majid, Amrah Binti Abdul TI The Philosophy of Nature in the Poetry of Ghulam Sarwar Yousuf and William Wordsworth: A Comparative Ecocritical Analysis SO GEMA ONLINE JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES AB This paper is a comparative ecocritical investigation considering the relationship between man and nature in cross-cultural contexts as reflected in the poetry of two great admirers of nature in England and Malaysia: William Wordsworth and Ghulam Sarwar Yousuf. Both poets have composed poetry that strengthens man's bonds with nature and inspires environmental consciousness. Their nature poetry has been previously studied from different individual perspectives, but none has approached it comparatively from an ecocritical stylistic viewpoint. This study aims at analyzing selected nature poetry to identify the unique philosophy of nature both poets adopted, highlighting the artistic and aesthetic values their poetry are teeming with. The study demonstrates the cognitive development of the poets' environmental consciousness through three phases of attitudes towards nature; the physical, the intellectual and the mystical. Using major ecocritical concepts like ecocentrism, symbiotic interrelationship and ecological consciousness, the study adopts a comparative stylistic approach to scrutinize linguistic and literary representation of nature in the selected poems. It identifies the similarities and differences between both poets concluding that despite differences in their times, places, cultures, language and style, there is an affinity between both poets in their treatment towards nature. The present study responds to the enormous need for literary-linguistic investigation of leitmotifs of nature across geographical, cultural, and linguistic contexts as a means of facilitating environmental sensitivity and sensibility. SN 1675-8021 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 19 IS 4 BP 327 EP 345 DI 10.17576/gema-2019-1904-17 UT WOS:000499479000017 ER PT J AU Tretter, F Loffler-Stastka, H AF Tretter, Felix Loeffler-Stastka, Henriette TI The Human Ecological Perspective and Biopsychosocial Medicine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB With regard to philosophical anthropology, a human ecological framework for the human-environment relationship as an "ecology of the person" is outlined, which focuses on the term "relationship" and aims to be scientifically sound. It also provides theoretical orientations for multiprofessional clinical work. For this purpose, a multi-dimensional basic grid for the characterization of the individual human being is proposed. The necessity and meaningfulness of a differentiation and systematization of the terms "environment", and above all "relationship", are demonstrated, and practical examples and links to similar framework models are given. RI Loffler-Stastka, Henriette/P-1229-2016 OI Loffler-Stastka, Henriette/0000-0001-8785-0435 SN 1661-7827 EI 1660-4601 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 16 IS 21 AR 4230 DI 10.3390/ijerph16214230 UT WOS:000498842000176 PM 31683637 ER PT J AU Milovanovic, AD Radic, R AF Milovanovic, Aleksandra Djuric Radic, Radmila TI WOMEN IN THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH: HISTORCAL OVERVIEW AND CONTEMPORARY SITUATION SO OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON RELIGION IN EASTERN EUROPE AB Aleksandra Djuric Milovanovic is a senior research associate at the Institute for Balkan Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. She earned her PhD in ethnology and anthropology (2012) from the University of Belgrade. Her academic research has been focused on the anthropology of religion, religion and migration, and contemporary evangelical movements in Serbia and Romania. Recently, she co-edited the volume with Radmila Radic, Orthodox Christian Renewal Movements in Eastern Europe. Radmila Radic is the Principal Research Fellow at Belgrade's Institute for Recent History of Serbia. Graduated, received her MSc and PhD degrees from the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy. The subjects of her interest include a relation of the state and religious communities, Serbian Orthodox Church history and religion in the Balkans. She published several books, surveys, and articles. Her latest book is The Mission of the British Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. EI 1069-4781 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1 EP 29 UT WOS:000499072600001 ER PT J AU Hassoun, N Herlitz, A AF Hassoun, Nicole Herlitz, Anders TI Distributing global health resources: Contemporary issues in political philosophy SO PHILOSOPHY COMPASS AB How should states and international organizations allocate global health resources? This paper examines proposals for distributing these resources in the literature. First, we look at the literature on the metrics for measuring what matters and consider how they might be modified to avoid some common objections-e.g., that these measures discriminate against the disabled or fail to give due weight to helping the young (or old) or those in present (or future) generations. Second, we canvas existing approaches to evaluating allocations of health-related resources utilizing such measures and advance a new way of doing so. We suggest that it is important to provide substantive arguments for directly evaluating alternative allocations, but there is also room for deliberation about fair procedures for selecting allocation criteria and securing just outcomes. OI Herlitz, Anders/0000-0002-9885-8106 EI 1747-9991 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 14 IS 11 AR e12632 DI 10.1111/phc3.12632 UT WOS:000499216500003 ER PT J AU Romero, F AF Romero, Felipe TI Philosophy of science and the replicability crisis SO PHILOSOPHY COMPASS AB Replicability is widely taken to ground the epistemic authority of science. However, in recent years, important published findings in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences have failed to replicate, suggesting that these fields are facing a "replicability crisis." For philosophers, the crisis should not be taken as bad news but as an opportunity to do work on several fronts, including conceptual analysis, history and philosophy of science, research ethics, and social epistemology. This article introduces philosophers to these discussions. First, I discuss precedents and evidence for the crisis. Second, I discuss methodological, statistical, and social-structural factors that have contributed to the crisis. Third, I focus on the philosophical issues raised by the crisis. Finally, I discuss several proposals for solutions and highlight the gaps that philosophers could focus on. EI 1747-9991 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 14 IS 11 AR e12633 DI 10.1111/phc3.12633 UT WOS:000499216500004 ER PT J AU Liu, J AF Liu, Johanna TI Vincent Shen's Philosophy of Generosity: Dao of Strangification toward Multiple Others and the Self-in-the-Making SO UNIVERSITAS-MONTHLY REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE AB Constructing and thinking the new visions of Chinese scholasticism is one of core issues Vincent Shen has concerned the most in his thought. Vincent Shen has assumed that it is in the period of late Ming, when European missionaries came to China, encountered with classical Chinese thought and culture, the philosophy of Chinese scholasticism started to emerge; having inherited the ontological thinking from Western medieval philosophy, Chinese scholasticism has been benefited as well from the Chinese philosophy of life, moral theory and practice of classical Confucianism and the cosmology of Daoism. Shen claims that the new visions of contemporary Chinese scholasticism consist not only in the epistemological construction of science, but also the experience as the practice of fulfilling being toward the Ultimate Reality. This article attempts to underscore the main themes Vincent Shen has significantly contributed to Chinese scholasticism, through reading the core concepts, generous stangification, many others/ multiple others, and self-in-the-making, found in his published and unpublished works, and to trace the thoughts lying dormant in his writings. SN 1015-8383 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 46 IS 11 BP 37 EP 50 UT WOS:000498746400004 ER PT J AU Pan, HH AF Pan, Hsiao Huei TI Virtue, Many Others and Generosity-On Vincent Shen's Ethics SO UNIVERSITAS-MONTHLY REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE AB Chinese Neo-Scholasticism is basically a combination of chinese and western philosophies, characterized by merging equitable reason with new trends and progression. In terms of ethics, the emphasis of Chinese Neo-Scholasticism is on the moral subject rather than external moral behaviors only; the subjectivity is maintained without ignoring the relationship between the self and the other; the ethics is reciprocal and universalizable as well. Based on Professor Vincent Shen's related writings and papers, this article is to construct the essence of Shen's ethical discourses, to which the concepts of "virtue", "many others" and "generosity" are the key. Shen's idea of "virtue" is "the fulfilment of the inherent good" and "the completion of good relationships"; the ethics of Confucianism, Buddhism or Christianity is a kind virtue ethics. The idea of "many others" is Shen's substitution for the concept of "the other" boasted by post-modernists, especially the French post-modernists. In Shens' mind, those who surround us in real life are not the abstract "other" but rather the genuine "many others", which can be traced to Chinese philosophy, since Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism all talk about many others instead of the abstract and pure "other", As for generosity, this idea originates from "strangification," that is, the linguistic strangification, the pragmatic stangification and even the ontological strangification; going from the self to many others and opening oneself to many others is a manifestation of generosity. SN 1015-8383 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 46 IS 11 BP 51 EP 65 UT WOS:000498746400005 ER PT J AU Lenehan, K AF Lenehan, Katia TI Openness Towards Others in Vincent Shen's Strangification Theory: An Inquiry on How Strangification Overcomes the Enclosed Subjectivity SO UNIVERSITAS-MONTHLY REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE AB The meaning of "strangification" is "going out of the enclosed-self toward many others." The concept of "strangification" first and foremost refers to overcoming one's self-enclosure before being extended to other practical meanings. From the perspective of western philosophy, Shen's theory of strangification derives from constructive realism; however, it transcends the original constructive realism and this transcendence can be traced to another tradition of realism found in scholasticism, in which one and the reality are intimately interconnected. Moreover, through the concepts of "original generosity" and "desire," Shen extended the ontological foundation one built with many others to ethics, pulsating with the thought of post-modernity and contemporary ethics. Secondly, from the perspective of Chinese philosophy, Shen regarded the Confucian spirit of universalizing benevolence throughout the whole society yet without asking for rewards as a manifestation of the original generosity of man. He especially emphasized the original communicative and corresponding powers entailed in Confucian "benevolence," which is one's internal drive as an original desire to selflessly go outside of oneself and go towards many others. In the end, this paper indicates that Shen conceives oneself as a self-in-the-making, a self dynamically and continuously in the process of self-shaping. Even if I intend to be self-enclosed, it is precisely because I have been first in an openness towards others and through this openness my self-enclosure becomes possible. Therefore, when we say that "I am among [multiple] others," does it not mean that others have long entailed in or intertwined with me in the first place? Shen lays a philosophical foundation of the openness towards others through an original desire which is always pointing to others in search of meaningfulness. This foundation is epistemological, ontological, and as well ethical. Strangification theory essentially and fundamentally connects man with others, it thereby directly rejects any possibility of closed-subjectivity, and based on an openness, one is able to step into a pluralistic yet harmonious world of mutual enrichment among multiple others. SN 1015-8383 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 46 IS 11 BP 67 EP 88 UT WOS:000498746400006 ER PT J AU Chou, MC AF Chou, Ming-Chuan TI On Relational Ontological Turn of Contemporary Chinese Neo-Scholasticism: An Example of Vincent Shen's Catholic Social Philosophy SO UNIVERSITAS-MONTHLY REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE AB In this paper, I mainly take Professor Vincent Shen's catholic social philosophy as an example to prove that the contemporary Chinese Neo-Scholasticism has shown a trend towards relational ontological turn. First of all, I will divide Vincent Shen's philosophical thinking into three stages of development: contrastive philosophy, generous strangification, and interreligious dialogue. Secondly, I will justify through the thought of Vincent Shen's catholic social philosophy that the contemporary Chinese Neo-Scholasticism has been a focus on relational ontological turn. Finally, in my personal opinion, Vincent Shen's catholic social philosophical foundation is based on the relational ontology of God's love and charity. He successfully translated the "generous strangification, toward many others" into an understandable cross-cultural language and subject, and it can develop into a modern standard with universalizability and practicability, so that this ethical norm can produce the effective and practical power of guiding activities in our real world of life. SN 1015-8383 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 46 IS 11 BP 89 EP 107 UT WOS:000498746400007 ER PT J AU Zhou, XY AF Zhou, Xiaoying TI On the Exploration of Chinese and Western Philosophical Communication by the Taiwan's Neo-Scholasticism-Taking Professor Vincent Shen's "Intercultural Philosophy" as an Example SO UNIVERSITAS-MONTHLY REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE AB Globalization in the world has become the consensus of today's society. The politics and economy among countries interdepend and the nations communicate with each other their culture and values. The development of Chinese philosophy, and even the progress of any humanities in the world, has to blend with heterogeneous culture. This is a reflection of the spirit of the age and a requirement for historical development. In this context, the communication between Chinese and Western philosophy is a problem that the academic circles have to confront, and it is also a stage that must be experienced in the further development of future philosophy. As one of the representative figures of Taiwan's Neo-Scholasticism, Professor Vincent Shen proposed to construct a "intercultural Philosophy" that is different from the previous ones in comparing the advantages and disadvantages or the similarity and difference of Chinese and Western philosophy. He advocates transcending the shortcomings of the subjective philosophy and moving toward the multiple others, but still not giving up the subject. "Intercultural Philosophy" is not only a solution to the dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophy, but a new philosophy that is based on the new life of human beings, is widely recognized and can solve the universal confusion of human beings. This article attempts to question the position, characteristics, obstacles and values of the construction of "intercultural Philosophy". SN 1015-8383 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 46 IS 11 BP 109 EP 119 UT WOS:000498746400008 ER PT J AU Leys, P Arones, M AF Leys, Peter Arones, Mariano TI Negotiating Natural Resource Conflicts: A Study of State Practices, Peasant Mobilisation and Sub-National Government in the Peruvian Andes SO BULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH AB This article explores the dynamics of natural resource conflicts and local government in the Peruvian Andes. Recent publications have found that efficiency and democratic accountability in local government are key variables for mitigating conflict. By focusing on the ethnographies of two conflicts and as participant observers within local government, we argue that by re-framing the analytical focus within local histories and current practices of natural resource conflicts, we can better make sense of the dynamics of current land politics. The article presents a sequential framework that explores key moments of the relations between the state and peasant communities during natural resource conflicts. Through this framework, we argue that natural resource conflicts are negotiated in a sphere of politics that transcends the state's institutional and legal limits. SN 0261-3050 EI 1470-9856 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 38 IS 5 BP 624 EP 637 DI 10.1111/blar.12924 UT WOS:000498896900006 ER PT J AU Gall, D AF Gall, David TI Ethnocentrism and Higher Art Education: Lingering Legacies, Imperative Nondualities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ART & DESIGN EDUCATION AB Art education in the USA has made great progress toward greater inclusiveness and is generally a force against resurgent fascism. Nevertheless, higher art education theory is dominated by Euro-Western philosophical legacies, encumbered by dualism, which impede art education's emancipative democratising potential. Recent debate about the uselessness of aesthetics illustrate this ethnocentrism. This article analyses the ethnocentrism that lingers in the postmodern legacies that undergird the debate; then shows how engagement with nondualist philosophies, predominantly non-Euro-Western, can make a profound difference to art education theory and practice. They are imperative to comprehending hybridity promoting global citizenship, resisting fascism and advancing global equity. SN 1476-8062 EI 1476-8070 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 840 EP 852 DI 10.1111/jade.12271 UT WOS:000498407700010 ER PT J AU Popov, IN AF Popov, Irena Novak TI What Do the Slovenians Do with American Poetry? SO PRIMERJALNA KNJIZEVNOST AB There is a growing interest for American poetry in Slovenia during the last four decades: the Slovenian translators have translated the classic poets, starting with W. Whitman and W. C. Williams, proceeding to W. Stevens, poets of the beat generation and New York school, and recently to younger, not-yet-canonized, where the translators are poets themselves and often also writers of introductory studies. Poets who in the 1990s redirected the Slovenian poetry towards postmodernism, loosening the dissident heritage of elitist modernism, appropriated and adapted to domestic literary context the subject's attitudes, poetic strategies, thematic and genre tendencies (openness, inclusion of popular culture, media and music, colloquial idiom, fragments of autobiographic narrative, urban setting) that had first been practiced in certain American poetry. My interest is focused primarily on friendly interconnected circle of Ljubljana poets and translators Tone Skrjanec, Primoz Cucnik, Gregor Podlogar and Ana Pepelnik. Using intertextual theory instead of researching "influences", I analyze how they have responded to, assimilated and transformed the impulses form American poetry they read, translated, presented and got acquainted with by means of productive interpersonal contacts. Their film-like dynamic imagery is made of subjectively perceived elements of urban reality, overflowing the speaker-observer, they assume ironic and critical attitude towards contemporary social phenomena, playfully experiment with language, insist on colloquial informality and cleverly adapt the transferred literary models to their own needs. The peculiarity of the Other is filtered through avant-garde procedures (collage-making), philosophy of indeterminacy, flowing of music, or even becomes the material for remaking/recycling. SN 0351-1189 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 42 IS 3 BP 7 EP 25 DI 10.3986/pkn.v42.i3.01 UT WOS:000498858700002 ER PT J AU Osojnik, I AF Osojnik, Iztok TI The Poem "String Theory" by Richard Jackson and the Interpretation of a Poem as the Unconsciousness Machine SO PRIMERJALNA KNJIZEVNOST AB The poem "String Theory" by Richard Jackson first addresses the relationship between poetry and its interpretation (theory, physics, psychoanalysis or even philosophy). I introduce a few concepts focusing on "the stain" of the poem, caused by futility of searching for the meaning of the poem and its interpretation. Notions of its inner timeness and of the unconscious are introduced to reach beyond the conventional interpretation. How does a poem happen? When does it happen? The interpretative actualization of the poem should eradicate any particular individuality. What goes for unconscious in the Lacanian psychoanalysis goes for poetry too: unconscious workings are in the form of deformation, not in the content. So whatever subjectivity (the lyrical subject) still persists in the poem it always directs one's attention to such deformation, a stain, a scream in the poem. How does this stain articulate itself so that it is a poem (of futile love, melancholy) but not, e.g., theory of physics, nor any mystic contemplation of the divine light? "String Theory" vibrates between fragmented dreams as subconscious language that enables the satisfaction of the unconscious and suppressed "stained" memory, the traumatic nucleus, that keeps running the recurrence of the uncomfortable feelings and distress. Hopefully my interpretative reference to the poem "String Theory" could provoke the appearance of the existential Thing that will offer itself to us as a present by unbearably evading us and that is exactly what we ascribe to the function of poetical discursivity. SN 0351-1189 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 42 IS 3 BP 87 EP 108 DI 10.3986/pkn.v42.i3.06 UT WOS:000498858700007 ER PT J AU Cooper, TW AF Cooper, Travis Warren TI How to Edit a Building: Fieldnotes from the North American Brasilia SO URBANITIES-JOURNAL OF URBAN ETHNOGRAPHY AB This article reports on my recent ethnographic interactions in Columbus, Indiana, a unique Midwestern American city that has been ranked sixth in the nation 'for architectural innovation and design' by the American Institute of Architects, just after New York, Boston, Washington D.C., Chicago and San Francisco. After briefly outlining my methods, discussing the history of Columbus and contextualizing the design-oriented Exhibit Columbus event, I focus on interview, archival, digital and participant observation data around one Columbus site: Entry Portal. An interactive exhibit designed by Daniel Luis Martinez and Etien Santiago of Columbus's own J. Irwin Miller Architecture Program, Entry Portal plays with the concepts of architectural durability, monumentality and approachability. Through its subtle modifications, the interactive exhibit seeks to improve on the accessibility of a canonical mid-century modern design. Entry Portal, I argue, offers an insightful case study into more egalitarian, accessible and anti-monumental design - what my ethnographic informants describe under the rubric of 'new civilities'. SN 2239-5725 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 9 IS 2 BP 52 EP 65 UT WOS:000498878600004 ER PT J AU Fuhr, DP AF Paula Fuhr, Diana TI Traces of Scepticism in Leviathan's Political Philosophy: Correlations and Limits SO ANACRONISMO E IRRUPCION AB The proposal of the present article is to situate Hobbes in the context of modern scepticism, by taking into account possible influences of scepticism in the Leviathan and its role on it. We are focalizing on two aspects and their relationship: on the one side, on the epistemological scepticism with its distinction between appearance and reality and the idea of human nature based on passions; and on the other side on the ethical and political aspect based on the relativity of the values and the artificiality of the state institution. For this article, we are restringing the source to Leviathan and we are tracing common points and differences with some sceptics in order to analyse in what sense Hobbes is near to or far from scepticism and in what sense the scepticism shed light on his own political philosophy. SN 2250-4982 PD NOV-APR PY 2019 VL 9 IS 17 BP 12 EP 44 UT WOS:000497417200001 ER PT J AU Rollandi, I AF Rollandi, Isabel TI On the Origin of Philosophy in Leo Strauss's Natural Right and History SO ANACRONISMO E IRRUPCION AB The present study seeks to investigate Leo Strauss' presentation of the origin of philosophy in the first part of the third chapter of Natural Right and History (1953). We will argue that what Strauss shows here, far from being a historical reconstruction of that origin, is rather the articulation of a philosophical explanation: Strauss tacitly raises the question what is philosophy? and seeks to bring to light its original meaning. By accepting this consideration, we will see that the historical interest that the book seems to exhibit is secondary in importance, even circumstantial. Our goal here will be to clarify the reconstruction of the origin of philosophy to show that Strauss's argument constitutes his demonstration of the possibility of philosophy that, consecutively, points to a necessary debate around the idea of natural law. In this "genealogy" of philosophy Strauss permanently deals, although in a veiled manner, with the alternative that accompanies philosophy from its origin: the alternative is obedient love versus free inquiry. It will be the reader's task to recover the counterpoint at each step. SN 2250-4982 PD NOV-APR PY 2019 VL 9 IS 17 BP 86 EP 118 UT WOS:000497417200004 ER PT J AU Chuca, A AF Chuca, Alejandro TI The Problem of the Human in the Thought of Bourdieu, Foucault and Honneth SO ANACRONISMO E IRRUPCION AB The human became a central problem of modern thought by Kant's formulation of the question: what is the human being? During the centuries the question about the human was continued as well as criticized. Marx and Nietzsche had formulated especially strong criticism of the idea of thinking the human being from an essence or nature, where you no longer think about the human with fixed characteristics, but as a product of the set of relationships that constitute it. During the course of the article we will analyze the positions of Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault and Axel Honneth to see how the problem of the human was treated in these three central thinkers for contemporary social theory. SN 2250-4982 PD NOV-APR PY 2019 VL 9 IS 17 BP 193 EP 210 UT WOS:000497417200008 ER PT J AU Peters, ME AF Peters, Meindert E. TI Revaluations through Dance: Friedrich Nietzsche's Thought in Isadora Duncan's Speech The Dance of the Future SO DANCE RESEARCH AB Friedrich Nietzsche's influence on Isadora Duncan's work, in particular his idea of the Dionysian, has been widely discussed, especially in regard to her later work. What has been left underdeveloped in critical examinations of her work, however, is his influence on her earlier choreographic work, which she defended in a famous speech held in 1903 called The Dance of the Future. While commentators often describe this speech as 'Nietzschean', Duncan's autobiography suggests that she only studied Nietzsche's work after this speech. I take this incongruity as a starting point to explore the connections between her speech and Nietzsche's work, in particular his Thus Spoke Zarathustra. I argue that in subject and language Duncan's speech resembles Nietzsche's in important ways. This article will draw attention to the ways in which Duncan takes her cues from Nietzsche in bringing together seemingly conflicting ideas of religion and an overturning of morality; Nietzsche's notion of eternal recurrence and the teleology present in his idea of the Ubermensch; and a renegotiation of the body's relation to the mind. In doing so, this article contributes not only to scholarship on Duncan's early work but also to discussions of Nietzsche's reception in the early twentieth century. Moreover, the importance Duncan ascribes to the body in dance and expression also asks for a new understanding of Nietzsche's own way of expressing his philosophy. SN 0264-2875 EI 1750-0095 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 37 IS 2 BP 206 EP 219 DI 10.3366/drs.2019.0273 UT WOS:000497787100005 ER PT J AU Hvelplund, F Krog, L Nielsen, S Terkelsen, E Madsen, KB AF Hvelplund, Frede Krog, Louise Nielsen, Steffen Terkelsen, Elsebeth Madsen, Kristian Brun TI Policy paradigms for optimal residential heat savings in a transition to 100% renewable energy systems SO ENERGY POLICY AB In a transition to 100% renewable energy (RE) systems we move from a sector-based to an energy system-based heat conservation paradigm. This implies both liberation from the institutional path dependencies of the present heat sector approach and the creation of the new institutional conditions for heat conservation in integrated (RE) systems. In these systems it is much more important than in fossil fuel systems to synchronize the right amount; in time and of the right types of investments in heat conservation with investments in the energy supply system. The key findings firstly are that this synchronization is not happening in the Danish case due to institutional path dependencies in the shape of high fixed tariffs, low subsidies, split incentives and renovation codes that can be evaded. Secondly that this synchronization can be implemented by means of tariffs that reflect levelized costs of future supply systems in combination with a public guaranty for long-term low-interest loans when following the advice of certified energy consultants. Thirdly tariff philosophy should change to include the long term energy system benefits of heat conservation. The principles behind these findings are of generic interest for heat supply and heat conservation planning in the EU. SN 0301-4215 EI 1873-6777 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 134 AR UNSP 110944 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110944 UT WOS:000498307500006 ER PT J AU Connally, K AF Connally, Kenneth TI "Quitting Nature's Part": The Reproductive Quest in Dryden's Virgil SO EXPLORATIONS IN RENAISSANCE CULTURE AB John Dryden's translations of Virgil's Aeneid and Georgics engage with an early modern discourse of reproduction that encouraged maximizing production while warning against disorderly generativity. While Virgil and Dryden both had political reasons to be invested in patrilineage, their shared interest in Epicureanism, with its denial of life after death, may have driven these poets to search for an alternative form of immortality in reproduction. Dryden's choices as a translator reveal cultural anxieties around women's role in procreation and suggest a preference for adoption as a model for reproductive success because it allows women to be cut out of the process. Ultimately, Aeneas' decision to identify with his deceased, adopted son rather than his living biological son in the poem's final lines suggests a turning away from futurity and acceptance of death. SN 0098-2474 EI 2352-6963 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 45 IS 2 BP 193 EP 218 DI 10.1163/23526963-04502005 UT WOS:000497720000005 ER PT J AU Dias, LD AF Dias, Luciana de Oliveira TI OUTSIDER WITHIN: BODIES AND KNOWLEDGE MARKED BY RACISM AND SEXISM SO HUMANIDADES & INOVACAO AB This text is the result of reflections on knowledge that are produced in knowledge sectors that are marked by racism and sexism, and other processes of discrimination. The highlighted sector is that of Anthropology, in which a first version of this text was read by its author in a group called: "Corpose Campos Racializados: o fazer antropologico a partir da perspectiva negra". Black feminism is a locus from which voices come from black women who denounce prejudice and discrimination and demand redress. They also require the involvement of subjects and institutions.Black intellectuals inserted in knowledge sectors have been understood as outsider within. This apprehension is perceived by them who come to associate with each other, identifying similar pains, constructing identities as instruments of struggle and managing worlds, revealing black feminist thinking. SN 2358-8322 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 IS 16 BP 8 EP 12 UT WOS:000497727700002 ER PT J AU Santos, DS Dias, LD AF Santos, Debora Sirno Dias, Luciana de Oliveira TI KNOWLEDGE AND BELONGING IN THE MIRROR: WHEN A BLACK TEACHER TALKS ABOUT BLACK FEMINISM SO HUMANIDADES & INOVACAO AB This text presents discussions about the importance of the subject who speaks, and the place of speech of this subject, for the construction of identities in spaces of knowledge production. The central question is about the importance of identification and recognition processes in giving legitimacy to a discipline on epistemologies and black feminism. We highlight the perception student. The fieldwork was in the class of students of the discipline of Epistemologies and Black Feminisms. The course was offered at the Master and Doctorate Course in Social Anthropology, Federal University of Goias. The objective was to identify, through semi-structured interviews with students, the motivations for enrolling in the discipline. The result reveals the importance of recognizing oneself in the teacher for the affirmation of one's own identity. The theoretical framework is from black and indigenous women authors who were used in the discipline itself. SN 2358-8322 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 IS 16 BP 13 EP 22 UT WOS:000497727700003 ER PT J AU Daniel, C AF Daniel, Camila TI "MORENA": BLACK FEMINIST EPISTEMOLOGY AGAINST RACISM IN THE FIELD WORK SO HUMANIDADES & INOVACAO AB As a black female Brazilian scholar, conducting multisitued ethnographic practices in Brazil, Peru, and the United States, I face the urgency of discussing the potential but also the dangers of this method for my safety. The encounter between different symbolic universes necessarily causes tensions and discomfort for both the anthropologist and his collaborators. This reality is aggravated when the researcher's role, traditionally played by white men, is played by a black woman. After an experience of racism I facedwhen I was conducting fieldwork, I found in black feminism theoretical and political tools to: deal with my emotions, change my research practice, revisit my personal history and produce this analysis, which allows us to rethink Anthropology. In this process, self-care assumes a central role as a criterion for assessing dangerous situations and acting on them, which implied even breaking contact with those who discriminated against me. SN 2358-8322 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 IS 16 BP 23 EP 34 UT WOS:000497727700004 ER PT J AU Alves, LD AF Alves, Lidiane da Conceicao TI CLAIMING THE EPISTEMIC TERRITORY: BLACK, INDIGENOUS AND QUILOMBOLA WOMEN QUESTIONING ANTHROPOLOGY SO HUMANIDADES & INOVACAO AB The article presents a reflection on the epistemic tensions in the field of anthropology from the entrance of indigenous, black and quilombola students in postgraduate programs in social anthropology in Brazil. We emphasize the contributions of black and indigenous epistemologies to think about the anthropological disciplinary field regarding methodologies, theories and epistemologies, which were traditionally used in the production of academic and anthropological knowledge. Readings by black authors accessed in the discipline of Epistemologies and Black Feminisms, such as: Beatriz Nascimento (1989); bell hooks (2015); Angela Davis(2016); Lelia Gonzalez (2018) and readings by indigenous authors such as Creuza Prumkwyj Kraho (2017); Sandra Benites (2018); Celia Xakriaba (2018). Other necessary dialogues were made. Although academic daily life develops in an asymmetrical field of forces, there are resistances that mark the epistemic territory against the colonialist, racist and chauvinist norms that structure the university. SN 2358-8322 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 IS 16 BP 82 EP 94 UT WOS:000497727700009 ER PT J AU Batista, LB AF Batista, Luana Braga TI DEVILS IN THE WILDERNESS: BUILDING FAMILY, (RE)MAKING GENDER SO HUMANIDADES & INOVACAO AB This article is the result of a theoretical discussion facilitated by the course of gender and family, given at the Museu Nacional - UFRJ in the first semester of 2019. From the data of an ethnography produced for my master's dissertation in Social Anthropology, I bring a discussion about the gender, the family and the race to think about how gender and race markers are all the time building and breaking family while negotiating female power in Durreis's family. I propose to think about the concept of family in the field of anthropology in mediation and construction with race and gender in the key of feminine thinking rupture, mediation and affront in what comes to be my family, demonstrating the negotiations and circulation of this diabolical cosmological power in the gender marked by race and literacy. SN 2358-8322 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 6 IS 16 BP 95 EP 108 UT WOS:000497727700010 ER PT J AU Chin, KR Pencle, FJR Benny, A Seale, JA AF Chin, Kingsley R. Pencle, Fabio J. R. Benny, Amala Seale, Jason A. TI Platysma sparing approach to anterior cervical spine surgery: A less exposure surgery technique SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS AB Introduction: Authors aim to demonstrate the surgical technique and outcomes of using a platysma sparing approach to anterior cervical spine surgery. Methods: Medical records of 496 prospective patients, group 1 (259 patients) with an outpatient platysma muscle-sparing approach. Group 2 (237 patients) with inpatient standard muscle-splitting approach. Results: Intergroup comparison showed statistical significant improvement in VAS neck and NDI scores p = 0.009 and p = 0.012 and surgical operative time and estimated blood loss, p = 0.003 and p = 0.006 respectively. Conclusion: This anatomy sparing technique demonstrates a safe, effective and reproducible approach to cervical spine surgery which is a goal of less exposure surgery philosophy. SN 0972-978X PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 16 IS 6 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.jor.2019.06.003 UT WOS:000498042800022 PM 31660023 ER PT J AU Assadian, B Buijsman, S AF Assadian, Bahram Buijsman, Stefan TI Are the Natural Numbers Fundamentally Ordinals? SO PHILOSOPHY AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AB There are two ways of thinking about the natural numbers: as ordinal numbers or as cardinal numbers. It is, moreover, well-known that the cardinal numbers can be defined in terms of the ordinal numbers. Some philosophies of mathematics have taken this as a reason to hold the ordinal numbers as (metaphysically) fundamental. By discussing structuralism and neo-logicism we argue that one can empirically distinguish between accounts that endorse this fundamentality claim and those that do not. In particular, we argue that if the ordinal numbers are metaphysically fundamental then it follows that one cannot acquire cardinal number concepts without appeal to ordinal notions. On the other hand, without this fundamentality thesis that would be possible. This allows for an empirical test to see which account best describes our actual mathematical practices. We then, finally, discuss some empirical data that suggests that we can acquire cardinal number concepts without using ordinal notions. However, there are some important gaps left open by this data that we point to as areas for future empirical research. OI Buijsman, Stefan/0000-0002-0004-0681 SN 0031-8205 EI 1933-1592 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 99 IS 3 BP 564 EP 580 DI 10.1111/phpr.12499 UT WOS:000498418000003 ER PT J AU Sastramidjaja, Y AF Sastramidjaja, Yatun TI Keywords and key words in AE The logic of recognition and the limits of algorithmic relevance SO AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST AB The keywords and titles of articles published in American Ethnologist from 2016 to 2019 show a striking intersection of anthropological scholarship and world-event trends. Tables and word clouds generated from recurring words expose the centrality of critical events, which appears to support recent contentions about a "crisis-chasing" mode in anthropology today. But it conceals the multivocality of authors' engagement with current events, while the idiosyncratic words that fill most of the keyword lists and titles in AE disrupt any generalization about anthropology's primary concerns. Therefore, aggregated key words cannot be taken at face value as signposts of relevance in anthropological scholarship. Yet those isolated words are increasingly influential in an era of digitized publishing, which compels scholars to adapt keywords to algorithmic logics of recognition. [keywords, aggregation, algorithm, relevance, anthropology, American Ethnologist] SN 0094-0496 EI 1548-1425 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 46 IS 4 BP 387 EP 403 DI 10.1111/amet.12835 UT WOS:000497554000002 ER PT J AU Schultz, C AF Schultz, Callan TI How Does Faith Feel? SO BIJDRAGEN TOT DE TAAL- LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE AB Research on emotion in anthropology has been supplanted by an ethnographic turn toward 'subjectivity', 'embodiment', 'personhood', and 'experience'. In this article, I explore how these interrelated modes of analysis can help ethnographers to better understand the cultural processes that constitute how people feel. I show that among my Christian Dusun interlocutors in Ranau, Malaysian Borneo, the interactive engagement between subjects and their environment determined the vectors of emotional possibility in terms of belief. The intersection of religious objects (God, the Holy Spirit, Satan) and mutual obligations in the community produce what I refer to as the 'faith network'. I trace these collective attachments to consider how 'believing in' regulates feeling in relation to situations of crisis, impasse, and tragedy. The combined efforts of my interlocutors, I suggest, created an active commitment that pulsated through the faith network, which sustained an intensive and defining mode of their relational experience. SN 0006-2294 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 175 IS 4 BP 506 EP 532 DI 10.1163/22134379-17504004 UT WOS:000496497500004 ER PT J AU Colman, KL de Boer, HH Dobbe, JGG Liberton, NPTJ Stull, KE van Eijnatten, M Streekstra, GJ Oostra, RJ van Rijn, RR van der Merwe, AE AF Colman, Kerri L. de Boer, Hans H. Dobbe, Johannes G. G. Liberton, Niels P. T. J. Stull, Kyra E. van Eijnatten, Maureen Streekstra, Geert J. Oostra, Roelof-Jan van Rijn, Rick R. van der Merwe, Alie E. TI Virtual forensic anthropology: The accuracy of osteometric analysis of 3D bone models derived from clinical computed tomography (CT) scans SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL AB Clinical radiology is increasingly used as a source of data to test or develop forensic anthropological methods, especially in countries where contemporary skeletal collections are not available. Naturally, this requires analysis of the error that is a result of low accuracy of the modality (i.e. accuracy of the segmentation) and the error that arises due to difficulties in landmark recognition in virtual models. The cumulative effect of these errors ultimately determines whether virtual and dry bone measurements can be used interchangeably. To test the interchangeability of virtual and dry bone measurements, 13 male and 14 female intact cadavers from the body donation program of the Amsterdam UMC were CT scanned using a standard patient scanning protocol and processed to obtain the dry os coxae. These were again CT scanned using the same scanning protocol. All CT scans were segmented to create 3D virtual bone models of the os coxae ('dry' CT models and 'clinical' CT models). An Artec Spider 3D optical scanner was used to produce gold standard 'optical 3D models' of ten dry os coxae. The deviation of the surfaces of the 3D virtual bone models compared to the gold standard was used to calculate the accuracy of the CT models, both for the overall os coxae and for selected landmarks. Landmark recognition was studied by comparing the TEM and %TEM of nine traditional inter-landmark distances (ILDs). The percentage difference for the various ILDs between modalities was used to gauge the practical implications of both errors combined. Results showed that 'dry' CT models were 0.36-0.45 mm larger than the 'optical 3D models' (deviations -0.27 mm to 2.86 mm). 'Clinical' CT models were 0.64-0.88 mm larger than the 'optical 3D models' (deviations -4.99 mm to 5.00 mm). The accuracies of the ROIs were variable and larger for 'clinical' CT models than for 'dry' CT models. TEM and %TEM were generally in the acceptable ranges for all ILDs whilst no single modality was obviously more or less reliable than the others. For almost all ILDs, the average percentage difference between modalities was substantially larger than the average percentage difference between observers in 'dry bone' measurements only. Our results show that the combined error of segmentation- and landmark recognition error can be substantial, which may preclude the usage of 'clinical' CT scans as an alternative source for forensic anthropological reference data. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Colman, Kerri Lee/H-7013-2017 OI Colman, Kerri Lee/0000-0002-2042-8392 SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 304 AR 109963 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109963 UT WOS:000496970600021 PM 31610335 ER PT J AU Corron, L Adalian, P Condemi, S Marchal, F Navega, D AF Corron, Louise Adalian, Pascal Condemi, Silvana Marchal, Francois Navega, David TI Sub-adult aging method selection (SAMS): A decisional tool for selecting and evaluating sub-adult age estimation methods based on standardized methodological parameters SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL AB Objectives: A decisional tool was developed to select sub-adult age estimation methods referenced in a centralized database. Through a freely accessible webpage interface, this tool allows users to evaluate how much the sampling and statistical protocols of these referenced methods comply with methodological recommendations published for building and applying methods in forensic anthropology. Materials and methods: 261 publications on sub-adult age estimation were collected. Three search parameters describing the anatomical element(s) and the indicators used to obtain age estimates are chosen by the user to filter the database and present the publications that best correspond to the user's selection. A simple algorithm was created to score age estimation methods according to their relevance and validity. "Relevance" and "Validity" parameters indicate how much a publication complies with user queries and published methodological recommendations, respectively; "Score" is a combination of "Relevance" and "Validity". The closer these parameters are to 1, the better the method complies with the user's choice and standardized protocols. Results: The publications resulting from the user's query appear as search results alphabetically. They are characterized by their "Relevance", "Validity" and "Score" values and descriptors relating to their methodology, sampling and statistical protocols. The reference of the publications and an URL to access them online are also provided. Conclusions: SAMS is a decisional tool based on a centralized database for selecting, accessing and evaluating sub-adult age estimation methods based on published methodological recommendations. Protocol validity can be easily and fully accessed to provide the necessary information for method evaluation. The database will be gradually updated and implemented as new sub-adult age estimation methods are made available online. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. OI Navega, David/0000-0003-4495-3762 SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 304 AR 109897 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109897 UT WOS:000496970600006 PM 31378399 ER PT J AU da Nobrega, JBM Protasio, APL Ribeiro, ILA Valenca, AMG Santiago, BM Cameriere, R AF Medeiros da Nobrega, Johnys Berton Lacerda Protasio, Ane Polline Arrais Ribeiro, Isabella Lima Gondim Valenca, Ana Maria Santiago, Bianca Marques Cameriere, Roberto TI Validation of the Third Molar Maturation Index to estimate the age of criminal responsibility in Northeastern Brazil SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL AB The estimation of the age of majority is crucial to determine the legal accountability of an individual. With this purpose, the analysis of the dental development process has proven to be an effective, elucidatory method. This study investigated the applicability of the Third Molar Maturation Index (I-3M), proposed by Cameriere et al. (2008), to estimate the age of majority in a sample of Northeastern Brazilians using panoramic radiographs. Adobe (R) Photoshop (R) CS4 (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, California, USA) software was used to obtain the I3M index measurements in a sample of radiographs from a dental radiology clinic located in Northeastern Brazil. Radiographs of individuals aged between 14 and 23 years were included in the sample, except if showing absence, distortions, pathological alterations or suspected pulp impairment of the tooth #38 (third lower left molar), as the method applies exclusively to this element. Of the total sample of radiographs previously obtained for diagnostic and/or orthodontic purposes (n = 394), 185 were from males and 209 from females, of which 217 corresponded to 18 year-olds or older and 177 were from minors. Logistic regression and predictive values of sensitivity, specificity and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (alpha = 0.05) were used. The cutoff point originally proposed for the I-3M index (0.08) presented a sensitivity of 88.4% and a specificity of 73.2%, with accuracy (area under the ROC curve) of 80.8% (95%CI: 76.4-85.3%) for the Northeastern Brazilian population, as well as a correct age classification in 80.2% of the sample. The method estimated accurately 73.7% of the cases corresponding to "18 years or older" and 88.1% of the cases "under 18 years" (p = 0.000). Among the sexes, the correct age classification rate of the method was 84.3% for males and 76.6% for females, with no statistically significant difference between the match and error rates and between the sexes (p >= 0.05). In conclusion, the Third Molar Maturation Index could accurately distinguish the age of adolescents and young adults of both sexes aged 18 years or under/older in a Brazilian population. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI Nobrega, Johnys Berton/AAC-9314-2019; Valenca, Ana M G/A-8516-2016 SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 304 AR 109917 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109917 UT WOS:000496970600011 PM 31421921 ER PT J AU Saco-Ledo, G Porta, J Duyar, I Mateos, A AF Saco-Ledo, Gonzalo Porta, Jordi Duyar, Izzet Mateos, Ana TI Stature estimation based on tibial length in different stature groups of Spanish males SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL AB It is well-known that secular trends affect human stature and constitution, and this fact should be taken into consideration in forensic anthropology, especially in stature estimation. Recently, stature-group-specific equations have been developed to take into account these variations. The aim of the present study is to estimate living stature according to tibial length in different stature groups in a sample of Spanish adult males in order to improve the accuracy of previous equations. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 495 Spanish Caucasian participants who were randomized into two groups, the study group with 249 participants and the cross-validation group with 246 participants. Specific equations were obtained according to stature groups using the 15th and 85th percentiles as cut off points. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R-2) and standard error of estimation (SEE) were lower with the specific equations based on stature groups (R-2 = 0.22-0.57; SEE = 2.12-2.66 cm) than the equation with all participants of the study group (R-2 = 0.77; SEE = 3.29 cm). The equations were tested in the cross-validation group, whose results showed more accuracy in the equations for a stature <185.9 cm (i.e., in people with short and medium statures). In conclusion, the stature-group-specific equations based on tibial lengths of Spanish adult males are more accurate for stature estimation than other equations that have been formulated in the Spanish population. In forensic settings, it is recommended to use regression equations specific to stature groups when estimating stature. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. RI duyar, izzet/AAH-5882-2019 OI duyar, izzet/0000-0002-4578-0528; Mateos, Ana/0000-0002-0676-9836 SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 304 AR 109973 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109973 UT WOS:000496970600027 PM 31605880 ER PT J AU Wuchterl, K AF Wuchterl, Kurt TI Religious-Philosophical Contingency and Empirical Theology SO JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL THEOLOGY AB The existentially important problem of contingency has in recent times been the topic of discussion not only in the philosophy of religion, but also in psychology, in sociology and especially in empirical theology. In the theory of the experience of contingency developed here, "contingency" is first clarified by differentiating the meanings of "necessity", which makes it possible to distinguish several fundamental personal patterns of behaviour in dealing with contingencies. Since both the purely scientific considerations as well as those relating to reason have reached their limits, the focus is on the meaning of contingency in religion. The central point at issue is what lies beyond the limits of reason. Naturalists and immanent agnostics judge responses to contingency differently from religious agnostics and adherents of institutionalised religions.-Finally, by applying the notion of a latent philosophy as a basis for these religious-philosophical reflections, it becomes a bridge to empirical theology, which attempts to mold the individual ways of dealing with contingency into being practically applicable. SN 0922-2936 EI 1570-9256 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 32 IS 2 SI SI BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1163/15709256-12341390 UT WOS:000497321100002 ER PT J AU Newman, GE Knobe, J AF Newman, George E. Knobe, Joshua TI The essence of essentialism SO MIND & LANGUAGE AB Over the past several decades, psychological essentialism has been an important topic of study, incorporating research from multiple areas of psychology, philosophy and linguistics. At its most basic level, essentialism is the tendency to represent certain concepts in terms of a deeper, unobservable property that is responsible for category membership. Originally, this concept was used to understand people's reasoning about natural kind concepts, such as tiger and water, but more recently, researchers have identified the emergence of essentialist-like intuitions in a number of other contexts, including people's representation of concepts like scientist or Christian. This paper develops an account that aims to capture how essentialism may operate across these varied cases. In short, we argue that while there is diversity in the forms essentialism can take, these varied cases reflect the same underlying cognitive structure. SN 0268-1064 EI 1468-0017 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 34 IS 5 BP 585 EP 605 DI 10.1111/mila.12226 UT WOS:000497035800002 ER PT J AU Baras, D AF Baras, Dan TI Why Do Certain States of Affairs Call Out for Explanation? A Critique of Two Horwichian Accounts SO PHILOSOPHIA AB Motivated by examples, many philosophers believe that there is a significant distinction between states of affairs that are striking and therefore call for explanation and states of affairs that are not striking. This idea underlies several influential debates in metaphysics, philosophy of mathematics, normative theory, philosophy of modality, and philosophy of science but is not fully elaborated or explored. This paper aims to address this lack of clear explanation first by clarifying the epistemological issue at hand. Then it introduces an initially attractive account for strikingness that is inspired by the work of Paul Horwich (1982) and adopted by a number of philosophers. The paper identifies two logically distinct accounts that have both been attributed to Horwich and then argues that, when properly interpreted, they can withstand former criticisms. The final two sections present a new set of considerations against both Horwichian accounts that avoid the shortcomings of former critiques. It remains to be seen whether an adequate account of strikingness exists. RI Baras, Dan/J-3887-2019 OI Baras, Dan/0000-0001-6683-6829 SN 0048-3893 EI 1574-9274 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1419 DI 10.1007/s11406-018-0047-x UT WOS:000496694600005 ER PT J AU Dell'Utri, M AF Dell'Utri, Massimo TI The Realist Wager: Challenging Rorty on His Home Ground SO PHILOSOPHIA AB The paper is devoted to Richard Rorty's thought, with the aim of exploiting a certain contention of his and directing it, as it were, against Rorty himself. Here is the contention: he thinks that - when it comes to metaphysical questions such as realism and anti-realism - the only kind of argument a pragmatist has at her disposal is rhetorical. Following the lines of the well-known wager Blaise Pascal laid on the belief in the existence of God, I will try to show that the realist can avail herself of a rhetorical argument in favor of her view which is more convincing than any rhetorical argument of a Rortyan kind, while abiding by the Rortyan maxim according to which 'What has no bearing on our practice, shouldn't have a bearing on philosophy'. This will allow me to challenge Rorty standing on his home ground. OI DELL'UTRI, Massimo/0000-0002-7822-2346 SN 0048-3893 EI 1574-9274 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1431 EP 1446 DI 10.1007/s11406-019-00057-9 UT WOS:000496694600007 ER PT J AU Gidwani, T AF Gidwani, Tarun TI Indexicals and Character Shifting SO PHILOSOPHIA AB According to Character Shifting Theory, the rules determining indexical reference vary according to the communication technology used. These rules are established by conventions arising as solutions to coordination problems. I present two objections against Character Shifting Theory. First, I show that individuating context-types according to technologies makes incorrect truth-value predictions. Secondly, such individuation is not possible, as there are no coordination problems that occur when speakers communicate over these technologies. I then consider four ways by which one can respond against my objections and show that none of them succeed. The failure of Character Shifting Theory has implications on the larger debate about whether a fixed-rule intention-insensitive account of indexical reference can be successful. SN 0048-3893 EI 1574-9274 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1475 EP 1486 DI 10.1007/s11406-019-00070-y UT WOS:000496694600010 ER PT J AU Parr, T AF Parr, Tom TI Revisiting Harmless Discrimination SO PHILOSOPHIA AB In a co-authored piece with Adam Slavny, I argued that any promising account of the wrongness of discrimination must focus not only on the harmful outcomes of discriminatory acts but also on the deliberation of the discriminator and in particular on the reasons that motivate or fail to motivate her action. In this brief paper, I defend this conclusion against an objection that has recently been pressed against our view by Richard Arneson. This task is important not only because Arneson's objection is an intriguing one, but also -- and more importantly -- because my response sheds further light on the content and structure of an attractive theory of wrongful discrimination, as well as on more fundamental ideas in moral philosophy. SN 0048-3893 EI 1574-9274 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1535 EP 1538 DI 10.1007/s11406-018-0052-0 UT WOS:000496694600014 ER PT J AU Vincent, C AF Vincent, Christopher TI Illness, Couples and Couple Psychotherapy SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY AB Within the couple psychotherapy literature there is very little written about how the illness of one or both partners emerges and is treated in the consulting room. This paper redresses this situation by drawing on clinical experience and research findings to develop a conceptual framework to identify how illness is experienced by those with serious illnesses and to locate these findings within a psycho-dynamic couple context. Narrative research has explored how individuals talk about illness and Frank's (2009; The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness and Ethics) restitution narrative, chaos narrative and quest narrative are described and illustrated. In addition, the phenomenological research of Toombs (1987; Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 12: 219-40) identifies five major existential challenges that seriously ill people have to manage - the loss of wholeness, the loss of certainty, the loss of control, the loss of freedom to act and the loss of the familiar world. The work of Frank and Toombs focuses on the experience of individuals and does not account for a couple dimension. This paper cites research and clinical examples of couple functioning to show that these illness-related experiences are often part of a shared couple interaction and elements in a couple's mutual defence and projective system. SN 0265-9883 EI 1752-0118 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 35 IS 4 BP 628 EP 641 DI 10.1111/bjp.12501 UT WOS:000496809900012 ER PT J AU Bohnsack, R Liesner, MM AF Bohnsack, Rene Liesner, Meike Malena TI What the hack? A growth hacking taxonomy and practical applications for firms SO BUSINESS HORIZONS AB As companies have become increasingly digital, growth hacking has emerged as a new way of scaling businesses. While the term is fashionable in business, many executives remain confused about the concept. Even if firms have an idea of what growth hacking is, they may still be puzzled as to how to do it, creating a strategy-execution gap. Our article assists firms by bridging the growth hacking strategy-execution gap. First, we provide a growth hacking framework and deconstruct its building blocks: marketing, data analysis, coding, and the lean startup philosophy. We then present a taxonomy of 34 growth hacking patterns along the customer lifecycle of acquisition, activation, revenue, retention, and referral; categorize them on the two dimensions of resource intensity and time lag; and provide an example of how to apply the taxonomy in the case of a fitness application. Finally, we discuss seven opportunities and challenges of growth hacking that firms should keep in mind. (C) 2019 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Bohnsack, Rene/0000-0002-7498-4810 SN 0007-6813 EI 1873-6068 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 62 IS 6 SI SI BP 799 EP 818 DI 10.1016/j.bushor.2019.09.001 UT WOS:000496341700012 ER PT J AU Recht, L AF Recht, Laerke TI Animals as Social Actors: Cases of Equid Resistance in the Ancient Near East SO CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL AB This paper examines the concept of animals as social actors in the ancient Near East through a case study of human-equid relations. In particular, examples where equids may be seen as expressing resistance, as depicted in the iconography of the third and second millennia BC, are analysed. The first part of the paper discusses how animals have been perceived in scholarly debates in philosophy, archaeology and human-animal studies. It is argued that an acknowledgement of animals as social actors can improve our understanding of the human past, and the relation of humans to their broader environment. The second part of the paper presents three examples from the ancient Near East where equids may be interpreted as pushing back or resisting the boundaries placed by humans, resulting in a renegotiation of the relationship. SN 0959-7743 EI 1474-0540 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 29 IS 4 BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1017/S0959774319000222 UT WOS:000496531900003 ER PT J AU Zhuang, YY AF Zhuang Yiyang TI Ethnography and the Fate of Informal Culture: Rereading Paul Willis' Learning to Labour SO CHINA NONPROFIT REVIEW AB As the increasing discussion over social stratification and mobility indicates, the idea of "education changes destiny" has progressively been brought into question. In his classic study of British working-class boys from 1975, which is widely read in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and education, Paul Willis uncompromisingly revealed that liberal ideology about equal opportunity was only an empty promise and, more importantly, how the counter-cultural cognition and expression adopted the constraints of the structural conditions and at the same time leads to the reproduction of them. Despite the tragic mechanism behind the contradictory counter-culture, Willis remained optimistic about the radical potential in the symbolic works against dominant discourse. His in-depth ethnographic description didn't only contribute to the endless theoretical debate about Structure and Process, but also provided a methodological approach encouraging extensive fieldwork, in which he believed the "theoretical uncertainty" lies. Ethnography can really "become the intellectual education of those who are governed," if the scholars are willing to understand and communicate with the informal cultural groups and believe that their fate can be changed. SN 1876-5092 EI 1876-5149 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 11 IS 1 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1163/18765149-12341360 UT WOS:000496807200008 ER PT J AU Lamande, P AF Lamande, Pierre TI The conception of objects and mathematical methods in D'Alembert's philosophical texts SO HISTORIA MATHEMATICA AB This paper is devoted to the conception of mathematical objects and methods according to d'Alembert. We first recall his vision of the place of mathematics in the knowledge of nature, then the internal hierarchy of the various fields of this science, based on their degree of abstraction from sensations (1 and 2). Then we come to the ideas of definitions, primitive ideas, simple ideas, and their generation as well as their generalization (3 and 4). Then, having looked at what he means by quantities, numbers, quantities, as well as his conception of the objects and rules of algebra as abstract ideas by generalization (5), we approach the question of the reality of mathematical objects with the example of the irrational (6). The following paragraphs of the text are devoted to the difficulties encountered in various fields and the way d'Alembert tries to solve them: algebra and negative quantities (7); principles of geometry (8); the notion of limit as the basis of infinitesimal calculus (9). His reflections, even if unfinished, were not without posterity ( 10). (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. Tous droits reserves. SN 0315-0860 EI 1090-249X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 49 BP 20 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.hm.2019.02.001 UT WOS:000496342500002 ER PT J AU Durnova, H Sauer, T AF Durnova, Helena Sauer, Tilman TI Vaclav Hlavaty on intuition in Riemannian space SO HISTORIA MATHEMATICA AB We present a historical commentary together with an English translation of a mathematical-philosophical paper by the Czech differential geometer and later proponent of a geometrized unified field theory Vaclav Hlavaty (1894-1969). The paper was published in 1924 at the height of interpretational debates about recent advancements in differential geometry triggered by the advent of Einstein's general theory of relativity. In the paper he argued against a naive generalization of analogical reasoning valid for curves and surfaces in three-dimensional Euclidean space to the case of higher-dimensional curved Riemannian spaces. Instead, he claimed, the only secure ground to arrive at results is analytical calculation. We briefly discuss the biographical circumstances of the composition of the paper and characterize its publication venue the journal Ruch filosoficky. We also give a discussion of the mathematical background for Hlavaty's argument. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. OI Sauer, Tilman/0000-0002-0643-8236 SN 0315-0860 EI 1090-249X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 49 BP 60 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.hm.2019.04.002 UT WOS:000496342500003 ER PT J AU Kregel, I AF Kregel, Ingo TI Kaizen in university teaching: continuous course improvement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEAN SIX SIGMA AB Purpose The current evaluation standards in German higher education institutions (HEIs) do not often lead to measurable quality improvement. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate whether Kaizen can improve the quality of teaching. The presented concept illustrates the evaluation of each course unit to continuously encourage quality feedback from the learners and intensify the exchange with lecturers. Design/methodology/approach Action research is used to combine the continuous improvement philosophy of Kaizen with student course evaluations. A pilot study of the concept provides data from four course cycles to analyze learnings and setbacks. Findings Learners in the pilot courses welcomed the intense participation and allowed improvements to elements such as course concept, course material, presentation style and content or detail selection. The participation rate declined during each term and was highly influenced by triggers like exam and grade relevance. Kaizen could successfully improve course quality, especially in the first two years of newly developed courses. Research limitations/implications - The presented results have been collected from one course over four years in one institution. The next stage of research would be the application of the approach in other institutions to validate results and make potential adjustments to the concept, for example, toward continuous learning. Originality/value Although course evaluation has become standard in German HEIs, most institutions only implement it once per term or year. This paper discusses a new approach to expedite the evaluation of teaching quality at the point of action (Gemba) to facilitate the short-term reactions of lecturers. RI Kregel, Ingo/AAB-9543-2020 OI Kregel, Ingo/0000-0001-5981-8702 SN 2040-4166 EI 2040-4174 PD NOV 1 PY 2019 VL 10 IS 4 SI SI BP 975 EP 991 DI 10.1108/IJLSS-08-2018-0090 UT WOS:000496015400007 ER PT J AU Schwenk, J AF Schwenk, Jochen TI The social imaginary and urban anthropology SO OSTERREICHISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUER SOZIOLOGIE AB The following contribution is concerned with the imaginary of the city. Drawing on the theory of the imaginary propounded by Cornelius Castoriadis, it differentiates between three dimensions of the imaginary: a representative, a creative and a political dimension. These three aspects are used to give a paradigmatic summary of the ongoing research in the field of urban studies with a special interest in the political dimension. Over all, this contribution presents a proposal to conceptualize the different notions of the imaginary common in the field of urban studies as a manifestation of distinct aspects of the same object-the imaginary of the city. SN 1011-0070 EI 1862-2585 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 44 IS SUPPL 2 SU 2 SI SI BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11614-019-00375-y UT WOS:000496294000006 ER PT J AU Urazova, AI Khramova, KV Rednikov, DV Rakhmatullina, ZN Khakimova, ZE AF Urazova, Amina Ildusovna Khramova, Ksenia Vuacheslavovna Rednikov, Dmitriy Valerevich Rakhmatullina, Zilia Nurmukhametovna Khakimova, Zulfiya Erkinovna TI Socio-cultural and psychological factors of criticism of the legal idea SO AMAZONIA INVESTIGA AB The juridical structure involves the choice of a legal model formed by abstraction, or idealization, of the legislative project. The goal of this paper is to identify the cultural and psychological factors of the many-sided criticism of the idea of the rule of law, which is fundamental for constitutional state. Methodology: a concrete historical method was used to analyze the variety of criticism of the idea of the rule of law from Karl Marx to the present, excluding the concept of denial of law. Results: unlike criticism by Marx and Mannheim of law in terms of ideology, contemporary theorists criticize the idea of the rule of law from their own psychological and cultural positions such as ignoring the role of specific socio-cultural conditions that generate special legal norms and relations, is often exploited to position these norms and relations as natural and universal. In the opposite case, the existence of universal legal knowledge (epistemic relativism associated with the relativity of the existence of legal facts) and universally valid legal norms (moral and legal relativism associated with the relativity of the meanings of legal ideas, concepts and norms) is denied, since ideas and values always depend on the views of cognitive or moral subject. Conclusion: while modern law and society need multidimensional criticism from different perspectives, then the idea of the rule of law requires protection in the framework of the theory and philosophy of law. SN 2322-6307 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 8 IS 23 BP 678 EP 684 UT WOS:000495864800025 ER PT J AU Genoni, A Macetti, G Franchini, D Pieraccini, S Sironi, M AF Genoni, Alessandro Macetti, Giovanni Franchini, Davide Pieraccini, Stefano Sironi, Maurizio TI X-ray constrained spin-coupled technique: theoretical details and further assessment of the method SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES AB One of the well-established methods of modern quantum crystallography is undoubtedly the X-ray constrained wavefunction (XCW) approach, a technique that enables the determination of wavefunctions which not only minimize the energy of the system under examination, but also reproduce experimental X-ray diffraction data within the limit of the experimental errors. Initially proposed in the framework of the Hartree-Fock method, the strategy has been gradually extended to other techniques of quantum chemistry, but always remaining limited to a single-determinant ansatz for the wavefunction to extract. This limitation has been recently overcome through the development of the novel X-ray constrained spin-coupled (XCSC) approach [Genoni et al. (2018). Chem. Eur. J. 24, 15507-15511] which merges the XCW philosophy with the traditional spin-coupled strategy of valence bond theory. The main advantage of this new technique is the possibility of extracting traditional chemical descriptors (e.g. resonance structure weights) compatible with the experimental diffraction measurements, without the need to introduce information a priori or perform analyses a posteriori. This paper provides a detailed theoretical derivation of the fundamental equations at the basis of the XCSC method and also introduces a further advancement of its original version, mainly consisting in the use of molecular orbitals resulting from XCW calculations at the Hartree-Fock level to describe the inactive electrons in the XCSC computations. Furthermore, extensive test calculations, which have been performed by exploiting high-resolution X-ray diffraction data for salicylic acid and by adopting different basis sets, are presented and discussed. The computational tests have shown that the new technique does not suffer from particular convergence problems. Moreover, all the XCSC calculations provided resonance structure weights, spin-coupled orbitals and global electron densities slightly different from those resulting from the corresponding unconstrained computations. These discrepancies can be ascribed to the capability of the novel strategy to capture the information intrinsically contained in the experimental data used as external constraints. SN 2053-2733 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 75 BP 778 EP 797 DI 10.1107/S2053273319011021 PN 6 UT WOS:000495439700001 PM 31692454 ER PT J AU Aydin, H Gundogdu, M Akgul, A AF Aydin, Hasan Gundogdu, Mahmut Akgul, Arif TI Integration of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Understanding the Educators' Perception SO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION AB The main objective of this research is to analyze the perception of pre-service teachers' attitudes towards Syrian refugee children, who migrated to Turkey after the outbreak of the war in Syria. A factorial design is used to compare the independent and interactive effects of pre-service teachers' attitudes on Syrian refugees. Participants consisted of 353 senior-level university students. This study finds that there are no significant differences between teachers' ethnicities and gender on Syrian refugees. The research indicates that integration of refugee children into national education system is crucial; however, the training and education system lacks the philosophy associated with refugees, integration, and multiculturalism. OI Akgul, Arif/0000-0001-7397-9000 SN 1488-3473 EI 1874-6365 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1040 DI 10.1007/s12134-018-0638-1 UT WOS:000495245900006 ER PT J AU Holtzman, J AF Holtzman, Jon TI Rice, beer, and salad: Varying constructions of "craving" in Japan SO APPETITE AB Food cravings are an important phenomena/concept within approaches to overeating in Western contexts. However, the cross-cultural research on craving has so far been modest, despite a wide range of literature in anthropology and other fields that demonstrate the broad variations not only in eating practices but in the experiences and motivations for eating. This examines quantitative data collected using a variation of the Food Craving Inventory (FCI) collected in the context of a long-term ethnographic study of Japanese eating practices in order to examine cravings within a mixed age and gender Japanese sample. While the results show widespread experiences of craving, not only do the types of foods craved vary markedly from commonplace Western ones-which tend to be calorie dense and restricted-but also differ from one another in motivations for/experiences of craving. Beyond providing cross-cultural comparison, then, the study suggests a need for conceptual rethinking of craving itself and of the range of factors that drive it. SN 0195-6663 EI 1095-8304 PD NOV 1 PY 2019 VL 142 AR UNSP 104344 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104344 UT WOS:000494969000020 PM 31325475 ER PT J AU Zimmer, R AF Zimmer, Robert TI Constantin Brunner as a Thinker of the Modern Age. A biographical and philosophical Sketch SO ASCHKENAS-ZEITSCHRIFT FUER GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DER JUDEN AB The essay is meant to be an introduction to both Brunner's life and work. It follows Brunner's development from a young man, deeply rooted in Jewish orthodoxy, to a secular thinker who made his own original contribution to modern philosophy. In his basic and most important work, Die Lehre von den Geistigen und vom Volk, he develops a quite innovative theory of our "relative" world perception, which is on a par with Einstein's theory of relativity. In his attempt to define the unifying experience of true reality in the faculty of "spiritual thinking" Brunner sheds a new light on the figure of Jesus Christ by making him a representative of a new secular spirituality. But Brunner is also portrayed as an enlightened political thinker, a partisan of Jewish emancipation and a fierce critic of antisemitism, whose criticism of Zionism made him a controversial figure inside the Jewish community. SN 1016-4987 EI 1865-9438 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 29 IS 2 BP 243 EP 266 DI 10.1515/asch-2019-0016 UT WOS:000494957300002 ER PT J AU Werner, H AF Werner, Hans TI Concept and Knowledge of God by Constantin Brunner and Martin Buber SO ASCHKENAS-ZEITSCHRIFT FUER GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DER JUDEN AB The concept of God plays a prominent role in both Constantin Brunner's and Martin Buber's writings. In the way they treated this subject there are similarities, but also some striking differences. Both thinkers saw their philosophy as an attempt to explain the Absolute (Brunner) or God (Buber). Both were influenced by the philosophy of Spinoza and the tradition of mysticism. The crucial difference between Brunner and Buber is that Buber thinks of God as a person with whom a personal relationship is possible. Brunner, on his part, rejects any form of anthropomorphism and thinks of God as the Absolute, as an impersonal, unifying principle. Both interpretations point to a different understanding of religion and Judaism. For Brunner, Buber's concept of God was an example of "superstition", whereas Buber would have argued that Brunner does not understand the role of the Jewish God as a partner in dialogue. SN 1016-4987 EI 1865-9438 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 29 IS 2 BP 369 EP 384 DI 10.1515/asch-2019-0020 UT WOS:000494957300006 ER PT J AU Rolletschek, J AF Rolletschek, Jan TI Gustav Landauer and Constantin Brunner. Outlines of a Meeting SO ASCHKENAS-ZEITSCHRIFT FUER GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR DER JUDEN AB In 1904, Constantin Brunner called Gustav Landauer the "most important exponent of anarchism in Germany". In 1911, Landauer admired Brunner as "one of the most powerful thinkers" he knew. From 1903 until 1911 the two of them developed an intense intellectual friendship, sharing an interest in epistemology, mysticism and the philosophy of Spinoza. Their practical philosophies diverged quite substantially however. While Brunner believed in an anthropological divide within humankind, Landauer strove to integrate humankind on the basis of a spiritual renewal. The article attempts to outline their relationship and provide some clues as to what was at stake in the conflict that ended it. SN 1016-4987 EI 1865-9438 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 29 IS 2 BP 385 EP 424 DI 10.1515/asch-2019-0021 UT WOS:000494957300007 ER PT J AU Pauschinger, D AF Pauschinger, Dennis TI Working at the edge: Police, emotions and space in Rio de Janeiro SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING D-SOCIETY & SPACE AB Rio de Janeiro's police officers habitually work on the edge of a border - between rationalised and ordered routines on one hand, and risk, disorder and incipient violence on the other. The article argues that this edge has distinct emotional components and concrete spatial consequences for the production of the city as a bordered space. Conceptually, the article combines spatial thinking about the production of territoriality with an emotional understanding of the police as 'edgeworkers' grounded in cultural criminology. Empirically, this piece uses ethnographic material from research with ordinary civil police officers and Special Forces in Rio. Across three empirical sections, the article explores police emotions and their significant spatial effects. First, the article mobilises the metaphor of 'drying ice' that police officers use to symbolise their everyday struggle with Rio's urban conflict, and which leads them to produce spaces of secrecy. Second, the article shows how the police consider their job to be a vocation, a stance which simultaneously produces spaces of exposure. Finally, the Special Forces' activities are compared to those of soldiers in war zones, assessing how the officers as edgeworkers find ways of escaping their emotional dilemma, thereby producing the city as a space of war. OI Pauschinger, Dennis/0000-0002-6149-7386 SN 0263-7758 EI 1472-3433 AR UNSP 0263775819882711 DI 10.1177/0263775819882711 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495264900001 ER PT J AU Zarepour, MS AF Zarepour, Mohammad Saleh TI Avicenna against Mathematical Platonism SO ORIENS AB In this paper I investigate Avicenna's criticisms of the separateness of mathematical objects and of the view that they are principles for natural things. These two theses form the core of Plato's view of mathematics; i.e., mathematical Platonism. Surprisingly, Avicenna does not consider his arguments against these theses as attacks on Plato. This is because his understanding of Plato's philosophy of mathematics differs from both Plato's original view and what Aristotle attributes to Plato. SN 0078-6527 EI 1877-8372 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 243 DI 10.1163/18778372-04700100 UT WOS:000495055500001 ER PT J AU Bertolacci, A AF Bertolacci, Amos TI Metaphysics, Elemental Transformation, Medicine A Specimen of Avicenna's System of Thought in Ms. Escorial 621 SO ORIENS AB The present article brings to the scholarly attention the Avicennian manuscript San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid), Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, 621, by conveying a basic description of its codicological features and by locating it in the wider context of the connection metaphysics-medicine that the transmission of Avicenna's magnum opus Kitab al-Sifa (Book of the Cure/Healing) displays. The manuscript at stake is the only extant, though incomplete, codex of the Ilahiyyat (Science of Divine Things) of Avicenna's Sifa presently known in the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), and one of the few codices of the Sifa housed there. In its present state, it cumulates metaphysics and medicine, since it joins some excerpts of the Ilahiyyat with fragments of the commentaries on Avicenna's Al-Wman fi l-tibb (Canon of Medicine) by Ibn al-Naffs al-Quragi (d. 687 H/1288) and by Qutb al-Din al-Sirazi (634-719 H/1236-1311). The part of the commentary on Avicenna's Canon by Ibn al-Naffs al-Quragi preserved in this manuscript contains a revealing critical quotation of a medical tenet which Avicenna discusses in the Sifa; this criticism very likely represents an instance of the 'rectification' of Avicenna's philosophical encyclopedia of which Ibn al-Naffs is credited in historical sources. The example of the revision of Avicenna's philosophy by Ibn al-Naffs analyzed on the basis of this manuscript makes clear that physicians in the XIII century did not limit their familiarity with Avicenna's works to the Canon of Medicine and the other medical works of Avicenna, but adopted some kind of all-encompassing approach to Avicenna's oeuvre, which did not eschewed tackling critically also the Sifa on the basis of a profound and extensive knowledge of the Sayh al-ra'is's philosophical masterpiece. SN 0078-6527 EI 1877-8372 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 389 EP 417 DI 10.1163/18778372-04701600 UT WOS:000495055500006 ER PT J AU Hammersley, M AF Hammersley, Martyn TI The Influence of Felix Kaufmann's Methodology on Harold Garfinkel's Ethnomethodology SO PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AB This paper examines the "methodology," or philosophy of social science, developed by Felix Kaufmann in the second quarter of the 20th century, with the aim of determining its influence on the early work of the sociologist Harold Garfinkel. Kaufmann's two methodology books are discussed, one written before, the other after, his migration from Austria to the United States. It is argued that Garfinkel took over Kaufmann's conception of scientific practice: as a set of procedural rules or methods that determine whether or not new propositions will be accepted into the corpus of scientific knowledge, and whether previously accepted propositions should be retained or abandoned. However, Garfinkel deployed this methodology not so much as a model for sociological inquiry, but rather for the processes by which the lifeworld is constituted-an area of investigation that is epistemologically prior to the focus of most social science, and one which had been opened up in the writings of Edmund Husserl and (especially) Alfred Schutz. It is suggested that Kaufmann's "methodology" was an important complement to the work of these other two philosophers in their influence on Garfinkel. OI Hammersley, Martyn/0000-0001-6842-6276 SN 0048-3931 EI 1552-7441 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 50 IS 1 BP 23 EP 44 AR UNSP 0048393119883337 DI 10.1177/0048393119883337 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000495271800001 ER PT J AU Matthew, DC AF Matthew, D. C. TI Rawls's Ideal Theory: A Clarification and Defense SO RES PUBLICA-A JOURNAL OF MORAL LEGAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AB In recent work in political philosophy there has been much discussion of two approaches to theorizing about justice that have come to be called 'ideal theory' and 'non-ideal theory'. The distinction was originally articulated by Rawls, who defended his focus on ideal theory in terms of a supposed 'priority' of the latter over non-ideal theory. Many critics have rejected this claim of priority and in general have questioned the usefulness of ideal theory. In diagnosing the problem with ideal theory, they have frequently fingered for blame the idealization it involves. In this paper I focus on one particular, much-discussed idealization-full compliance-in order to defend it. Focusing on the assumption, I argue that Rawls's work is not ideal in the way that it is usually thought to be, is less ideal than is widely recognized, and became less ideal over time. I also argue that critics who in effect claim that it is not realistic enough simply fail to understand Rawls's central motivation. Finally, I defend the assumption by arguing that there is an important sense in which all theories of justice must assume full compliance. Such an assumption, I argue, is needed if we are to have a plausible basis on which to judge the normative attractiveness of a theory. SN 1356-4765 EI 1572-8692 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 25 IS 4 SI SI BP 553 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s11158-018-09412-1 UT WOS:000495107900007 ER PT J AU Shirazi, R AF Shirazi, Roozbeh TI "Somewhere We Can Breathe": Diasporic Counterspaces of Education as Sites of Epistemological Possibility SO COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW AB Drawing upon ethnographic and case study research conducted across two educational settings in the United States, this article examines emergent spaces and practices of education that result from, or are affected by, the presence of minoritized diasporic communities. In light of ongoing currents of xenophobia in the United States and practices of racialization in everyday experiences of schooling, I argue that these diasporic educational spaces work as counterspaces of epistemic possibility, in which conceptions of identity and belonging-ones that are often foreclosed in the mainstream and predominantly white educational spaces-become viable. Examining the cultural production within these spaces troubles the idea that diasporic educational spaces primarily maintain or privilege transnational ties to "home." I conclude that these educational spaces highlight two related points: first, diasporic educational sites engender creative possibilities for reworking exclusionary discourses; second, they point to the need for a further decentering and decolonization of pedagogy and curriculum in public secondary schools. SN 0010-4086 EI 1545-701X PD NOV 1 PY 2019 VL 63 IS 4 BP 480 EP 501 DI 10.1086/705427 UT WOS:000494803600002 ER PT J AU Skinner, N Bromley, P AF Skinner, Nadine Bromley, Patricia TI Individual and Collective Social Justice Education: Comparing Emphases on Human Rights and Social Movements in Textbooks Worldwide SO COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW AB Strategies for promoting social justice include both individualistic approaches, rooted in the universalistic philosophy of human rights, and collectivist approaches, such as group- or issue-specific rights advocated by various social movements. The expansion of human rights education is well documented, but less attention has been given to education for or about other social movements. Drawing on a content analysis of 556 secondary school textbooks from 80 countries between 1950 and 2011, we compare and contrast the rise of emphases on social movements and human rights. Our analyses reveal a marginalized emphasis on social movements in secondary school civics and social studies curricula, while history books are more likely to include discussions of social movements. An implication of these findings is that in formal structures of education, such as textbooks, emphases on social movements may be relegated to matters of historical record, rather than treated as part of contemporary, active citizenship. SN 0010-4086 EI 1545-701X PD NOV 1 PY 2019 VL 63 IS 4 BP 502 EP 528 DI 10.1086/705428 UT WOS:000494803600003 ER PT J AU Costello, GJ AF Costello, Gabriel J. TI The Philosophy of Innovation in Management Education: a Study Utilising Aristotle's Concept of Phronesis SO PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT AB While much has been written on phronesis, there is a dearth of empirical work on the how the concept can be developed and implemented in practice, particularly in an educational setting. To address this problem, characteristics of phronesis were identified through a review of current literature and an examination of related themes from a special issue of the Philosophy of Management Journal on the philosophy of innovation. The implementation of the concept was investigated using an illustrative study of ongoing work aimed at embedding phronesis in an innovation educational module. The study will contribute to the nascent debate by providing evidence of embedding Aristotle's phronesis in the curriculum of future managers, in this case Engineering and Business students, working in cross-functional teams. A schema is proposed, based on concepts distilled from the literature and the illustrative study, to examine whether an educational project cultivates phronesis among the students. SN 1740-3812 EI 2052-9597 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 18 IS 3 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s40926-018-00104-7 UT WOS:000494820900002 ER PT J AU Peltonen, T AF Peltonen, Tuomo TI Transcendence, Consciousness and Order: Towards a Philosophical Spirituality of Organization in the Footsteps of Plato and Eric Voegelin SO PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT AB There is an evident lack of rigorous frameworks for making sense of the role and status of spirituality and religion in organizations and organizing, in particular from the perspective of spiritual philosophies of the social. This paper suggests that the philosophy of Plato and his modern follower, political theorist Eric Voegelin could offer a viable perspective for understanding organizational spirituality in its metaphysical, political and ethical contexts. Essential for such a philosophical reflection is the postulation of the transcendental realm as the ultimate reality that provides the fullest templates for order, knowledge and ethicality. It is argued, in the footsteps of Voegelin, that modern organizations and modern organization theory should seek to re-awaken the lost experiences of the divine Beyond by re-animating religious symbols and myths of transcendence as devices for a spiritually opened consciousness. SN 1740-3812 EI 2052-9597 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 18 IS 3 BP 231 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s40926-018-00105-6 UT WOS:000494820900003 ER PT J AU Bohl, KW AF Bohl, Kenneth W. TI Leadership as Phenomenon: Reassessing the Philosophical Ground of Leadership Studies SO PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT AB The purpose of this article is to contribute to a more robust theory of leadership that shifts the frame of reference from leadership as exclusively facilitated through a single inspired leader to one that includes the view of leadership as an emergent and complex social phenomenon. The article begins with a review of the leader-centric approaches that dominated much of twentieth century leadership studies then moves on to present contemporary critiques of leader-centric approaches leading to an alternative perspective of leadership as an emergent and complex social phenomenon. Viewing leadership as an emergent and complex social phenomenon changes our attitude regarding the roles that leaders and others play in the creation of leadership. A central theme of this article is the impact that the concept of emergence has on leadership theory. In response to this changing attitude, the article then moves to return to and reassess the ontological, epistemological and ethical grounds of leadership and concludes that there is an underlying philosophy that supports viewing leadership as an emergent social phenomenon and further suggests that recent work in virtue epistemology along with Calvin Schrag's theory of communicative praxis and transversal rationality, can facilitate a better understanding of leadership as an emergent social phenomenon. OI Bohl, Kenneth/0000-0003-3290-3004 SN 1740-3812 EI 2052-9597 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 18 IS 3 BP 273 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s40926-019-00116-x UT WOS:000494820900005 ER PT J AU Allen, MRD AF Allen, Margaret R. DiMarco TI God, Ontology and Management: A Philosophical Praxis SO PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT AB A philosophy of management that incorporates the big picture of human experience, all levels, and degrees of awareness in relationship with the world, will better develop and sustain an environment conducive to creative contributions that meet organizational goals. Quantum physics reveals the nature of reality to be connection and creativity engaged in a process of actualizing possibilities. Human beings participate in this process of actualization, as both observer-creator and experiencer of the universe through multiple domains of knowing - a collaborator in Alfred North Whitehead's panexperientialism. Whitehead's God of process, the primordial field of creative possibilities, and the consequent nature which holds all the experiences of every actualization, supports human consciousness, as it self-actualizes by engaging and integrating the experience of external and internal events and their effects on awareness. Through understanding the participatory nature of consciousness with God and the world as experienced, deep meaning emerges for human life. Tapping into this deeper meaning through a philosophy of management that acknowledges the full human experience, including the embedded spiritual connection to the creative energy that is God, strengthens an organization's vision, mission and contributions to a community. This brief overview traces a path toward a preliminary framework for a philosophy of management based on God and the ideas of connection, creativity and process. SN 1740-3812 EI 2052-9597 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 18 IS 3 BP 303 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s40926-018-0101-6 UT WOS:000494820900007 ER PT J AU Paulo, N AF Paulo, Norbert TI Moral Consistency Reasoning Reconsidered SO ETHICAL THEORY AND MORAL PRACTICE AB Many contemporary ethicists use case-based reasoning to reach consistent beliefs about ethical matters. The idea is that particular cases elicit moral intuitions, which provide defeasible reasons to believe in their content. However, most proponents of case-based moral reasoning are not very explicit about how they resolve inconsistencies and how they abstract principles from judgments about particular cases. The aim of this article is to outline a methodology-called Consistency Reasoning Casuistry-for case-based reasoning in ethics. This methodology draws on Richmond Campbell and Victor Kumar's naturalistic model for the resolution of inconsistencies between the content of intuitions about particular cases. I argue that reasons similar to those that motivate their model also support a more abstract form of moral reasoning that goes beyond mere resolutions of inconsistencies between case judgments and demands the formulation of more abstract moral norms. Consistency Reasoning Casuistry, it is argued, is a good candidate for a methodology for case-based moral reasoning that is in harmony with paradigms of contemporary moral psychology and that can accommodate the methodology implicit in the work of many contemporary ethicists. SN 1386-2820 EI 1572-8447 DI 10.1007/s10677-019-10037-3 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493765900001 ER PT J AU Bennetts, K Bone, J AF Bennetts, Karen Bone, Jane TI Adult leadership and the development of Children's Spirituality: exploring Montessori's concept of the prepared environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHILDRENS SPIRITUALITY AB This article explores Montessori's concept of the Prepared Environment, which includes adult leadership, as an important contribution to the field of Children's Spirituality. Montessori elevated the spiritual development of children to a central place in social life. She advocated preparation of the teacher as a community leader who works through the environment to guide a pedagogically-oriented process that underpins spiritual development. This model of leadership offers the child a reciprocal relationship with the Prepared Environment, which operates as the child's true teacher. The preparation of the adult, as an element of the Prepared Environment, has a spiritual tone and is a key aspect of Montessori science and philosophy, designed to support the holistic development of the child as both a hope and a promise for human beings. OI Bennetts, Karen/0000-0002-1609-1504 SN 1364-436X EI 1469-8455 DI 10.1080/1364436X.2019.1685949 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493744300001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MG AF Gonzalez Gonzalez, Miguel TI Gender and work in the contact centers Paradigm of labor feminization SO METHAODOS-REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES AB Throughout history, the sexual division at work has forced a differentiation in the tasks to be performed by men and women and a differentiation of roles that remain today. According to the 2016 data of the Observatory of Occupations, (SEPE, 2016), the contact centers sector employs almost 100,000 workers in Spain, of which 73% are women. Through the ethnographic method, we took the case study of the contact centers workers, specifically in the community of Castilla y Leen to detect the possible causes of this accused feminization, The analysis of the results show that despite the advances in equality in Spanish society in recent years labor inequalities are still maintained and in some cases, like this, are increasing. In addition, very precarious work conditions are detected in this sector. Finally, we discover that men who work in it suffer the same low consideration and even greater stigma because they are socially considered as a non-masculine job. SN 2340-8413 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 7 IS 2 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.17502/m.rcs.v7i2.270 UT WOS:000493828600007 ER PT J AU Felez, JLA Rodriguez, MP AF Anta Felez, Jose Luis Peinado Rodriguez, Matilde TI Women in Andalucian olive grove. New and old forms in agricultural work SO METHAODOS-REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES AB The olive tree has been part of the Andalusia countryside since antiquity, although its implementation as a monoculture, in the provinces like Jaen, culminating in the second half of the twentieth century. The structural nature that status conferred on the Community agro seems to be inextricably linked to an "apparent" immobility primarily on cultivation and harvesting, where a familiar universe of generic and generational asymmetries tends to perpetuate both crews family " piecework and traditional. The work has changed little, ultimately a matter of political ecologies, and the woman remains largely responsible for collecting, kneeling, and the fruit that falls from the tree. In this paper we propose reflect the binomial woman-olive, synchronically and diachronically, across the analysis with the daily practice of some of its characters, sketches life stories of women working in the lands of Jaen, SN 2340-8413 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 7 IS 2 BP 302 EP 313 DI 10.17502/m.rcs.v7i2.285 UT WOS:000493828600010 ER PT J AU Grange, K Gunder, M AF Grange, Kristina Gunder, Michael TI The urban domination of the planet: A Rancierian critique SO PLANNING THEORY AB A competitive urbanisation discourse is dominating the world. So much so that, following Lefevbre's later work, Brenner and Schmid, among others, have recently re-invigorated the term 'planetary urbanisation' to promote a new epistemology of the urban. This is an epistemology which re-conceptualises the world as constituted by an extended urban fabric that lacks global exteriority - all the world is now to be perceived as a part of a global condensed, extended or differential urbanisation. But this also begs the question: what of the other non-urban-dwelling population who inhabit the 97% of the landmass that currently is not developed as urban land? The article begins by considering contemporary debates about planetary urbanisation. Having introduced arguments of equality developed by the philosophy of Ranciere, it then considers planetary urbanisation from the perspective of equity. The article argues that we currently are witnessing an urban domination of the planet that not only fails in recognising the non-urban outside, but perhaps more importantly, increasingly is creating 'geographies of despair'. It concludes by arguing for planning theories that take rubrics other than just that of the urban as their starting point, in order to contribute to opening up both urban and non-urban places as potential stages where disruptive politics, including those pertinent to planning, may be both played out and appropriately understood. SN 1473-0952 EI 1741-3052 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 18 IS 4 BP 389 EP 409 DI 10.1177/1473095218811856 UT WOS:000493703300001 ER PT J AU Bennett, A Lumb, M AF Bennett, Anna Lumb, Matt TI Policy misrecognitions and paradoxes: Developing more contextually attuned access and equity policies in Australian higher education SO POLICY FUTURES IN EDUCATION AB In this paper we discuss recent policy attempts (in 2017) to introduce new frameworks for Australian higher education access and equity programs. These include introducing fees and a tendering process for access or 'enabling' programs, as they are called in Australia, and an evaluation framework based on an evidence hierarchy for widening participation or 'equity' programs. We illuminate how those policymaking attempts contradict the conditions required for equity-oriented programs because they misrecognise the experiences of the participants. We argue that different conceptual approaches to provision and evaluation are required for practitioners, providers and policymakers to shape future policy together (Heimans and Singh, 2018) so that enabling and equity programs can be understood in ways that value the knowledges and experiences of the participants involved (Sayer, 2011). Our aim is to contribute to work that disrupts the positioning of 'objective' policy evaluation frameworks vs 'subjective' practices because this decontextualises (Burke and Lumb, 2018) and oversimplifies (Tesar, 2016a), and may serve paradoxically to reduce the programs' impacts. OI Lumb, Matthew/0000-0002-7788-1956 SN 1478-2103 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 17 IS 8 BP 966 EP 982 DI 10.1177/1478210319831579 UT WOS:000493557800003 ER PT J AU Gibson, MR AF Gibson, Morgan Rodgers TI Towards a neoliberal education system in Queensland: Preliminary notes on senior secondary schooling reforms SO POLICY FUTURES IN EDUCATION AB Neoliberalism is often understood as being both an epoch of capitalism and a zealous ideological commitment to the primacy of private property and free markets. In practice, it has tended towards mobilising state power in the interests of capital, remaking societies and individuals in this process. Perhaps inevitably, education systems, the world over, have been reformed in light of neoliberalism's overarching imperatives. It is in this light that we can best understand and make sense of recent reforms to Queensland's senior secondary schooling system. While some details continue to be ironed out, the reformed system will revolve around three main planks: (a) an assessment model combining school-based and common external assessment, (b) a process that quantifies and standardises school-based assessment through external review processes and (c) a transition away from the Overall Position (OP) rank towards an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR). These changes to assessment and tertiary admission represent a pivot away from Queensland's historical commitments to school-based assessment and teacher and curriculum flexibility towards a standardised national system of curriculum and external assessment. Ultimately, the reforms embody the ideological commitments of neoliberalism, perpetuating schools as producers of human capital. Hence, Queensland's senior secondary schooling reforms ought to be understood through two different frames: firstly, as embodying the dominant ideological imperatives of neoliberalism and, secondly, that education is, within this context, being reconstituted to meet the perceived needs of capital. SN 1478-2103 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 17 IS 8 BP 983 EP 999 DI 10.1177/1478210319833250 UT WOS:000493557800004 ER PT J AU Lipping, J AF Lipping, Juri TI Kant and the Two Principles of Publicity SO EUROPEAN LEGACY-TOWARD NEW PARADIGMS AB The aim of this article is to argue that the principle of "publicity" constitutes a fundamental idea in Kant's political thought. Publicity provides a central insight that binds together various strands of Kant's political writings (on issues as diverse as the question of Enlightenment, the right of revolution, historical teleology, reflective judgment, cosmopolitan citizenship, democratic peace, and republican government), and moreover, it offers a much-needed cornerstone for a systematic exposition of his nonexistent political philosophy. Apart from some eminent examples, publicity has been a rather neglected topic in the ever-expanding literature on Kant's political ideas. Revisiting this notion will make us more attentive to his evocation of the "spirit of republicanism" over and above the letter of the law, and might prompt us to reconsider Kant's reputation as a classical representative of liberal political thought. Indeed, it should inspire us to situate Kant's appeal for the "public use of reason" in the vicinity of the republican ideal of political liberty. SN 1084-8770 EI 1470-1316 DI 10.1080/10848770.2019.1682838 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493641600001 ER PT J AU Falck, C AF Falck, Christiane TI The Thomas Souls Ministry - Onto-praxis, Dividualism, and Charismatic Catholicism at Lake Chambri, Papua New Guinea SO OCEANIA AB The Thomas Souls Ministry is a prayer group founded by Catholics from the middle Sepik. It is led by a spirit of the dead called Thomas who takes possession of a Nyaura (West Iatmul) woman to preach, prophesy, counsel, and heal. While a prominent debate within the Anthropology of Christianity argues for radical change and rupture with the pre-Christian self and society, I suggest that continuity within change is found in the way my interlocutors have made Christianity their own. I argue that the local concept of the person defined by aspects of dividualism and reflecting ontological premises of people's lifeworld has strongly influenced the way Christianity was appropriated. In current religious practices people put these premises into action and reinforce them in intersubjective encounters with the divine other. Analysing people's 'onto-praxis', I argue that the Thomas Souls Ministry can be understood as part of a re-empowerment process that re-appropriates local meanings, spirits, and practices despite, and in fact against, the influence of the Catholic mission proselytizing in the region. SN 0029-8077 EI 1834-4461 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 89 IS 3 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1002/ocea.5215 UT WOS:000493747100003 ER PT J AU Miron, D Seuleanu, D Cojocariu, CR Benchea, L AF Miron, Dumitru Seuleanu, Dragos Cojocariu, Cezar Radu Benchea, Laura TI THE EUROPEAN MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT FACED WITH THE QUATERNARY SECTOR EMERGENCE TEST SO AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC AB The European Union must identify and internalize the most acute challenges, prepare appropriate solutions to them, capitalize on its strengths, and avoid threats. The strategic philosophy can no longer be just rhetorical but must be found at the level of all European sectoral policies, national macroeconomic policies but also of the programs and projects launched by the actors operating in the business environment. The research is phenomenological in nature, with an emphasis on qualitative issues related to the most relevant paradigm changes at the level of European sectoral policies, national macroeconomic policies, as well as programs and projects launched by actors operating in the business environment. The topic that plays an important role in this research is the one related to the most appropriate structure of a modern economy, the emphasis being placed on the correlations and the causalities between them. The hypotheses from which it was started, the epistemological perspectives taken as the basis, the analytical drivers used, the research methodologies that were called upon but also the variables used took into account the change of the techno-industrial paradigm, the factors that influence the efficiency and sustainability of the new economic development models, the threats but also the opportunities that must be identified and encountered by those who decide at the macro, mezzo and microeconomic levels. The most important transformations that take place at the level of the macroeconomic and business development models were analyzed, updating them and offering some recommendations on how some systemic vulnerabilities can be treated. The paper ends by surprising the way in which Romania is positioned at the level of the switching process from an economy in which the primary - and secondary sectors are prevalent to one in which the weight of the tertiary and quaternary sectors increases. SN 1582-9146 EI 2247-9104 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 21 SI 13 BP 743 EP 762 DI 10.24818/EA/2019/S13/743 UT WOS:000493321400002 ER PT J AU Saito, Y Raksincharoensak, P AF Saito, Y. Raksincharoensak, P. TI Effect of risk-predictive haptic guidance in one-pedal driving mode SO COGNITION TECHNOLOGY & WORK AB The research presented in this article focuses on the design of a driver support system for risk-predictive driving under a potentially hazardous situation for a pedestrian who crosses a road from the driver's blind spots. Our aim is to develop a system that would cooperate with the driver in leading the normative speed calculated by the co-driver function. The design philosophy of haptic guidance is to communicate to the drivers the potentially hazardous situation through tactile cues from the active gas pedal and to assist drivers to in preparing for possible road surprises. We intended to combine the algorithm of the haptic feedback loop with the functionality of the one-pedal driving mode interface. Three design issues for the haptic guidance system can be distinguished: the design of a one-pedal driving mode based on a one-pedal operation; the modeling of risk-predictive driving behavior; and the haptic feedback algorithm with active gas pedal. We tested our system in human-in-the-loop experiments in a driving simulator to investigate (1) the effect of the one-pedal driving mode interface on the driver behavior and (2) the effect of haptic guidance support on the driver behavior. From the results of our experiments, we confirmed that haptic guidance can improve the risk-predictive driving performance for a slowdown task via the one-pedal driving mode. SN 1435-5558 EI 1435-5566 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 21 IS 4 SI SI BP 671 EP 684 DI 10.1007/s10111-019-00558-3 UT WOS:000493606400011 ER PT J AU Reardon, CL Buhr, KA Factor, RM Walaszek, A Schreiter, EZ AF Reardon, Claudia L. Buhr, Kevin A. Factor, Robert M. Walaszek, Art Schreiter, Elizabeth Zeidler TI Integrated Care: Should It Count as Community Psychiatry Training for Psychiatry Residents? SO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL AB Psychiatry residents are required to be exposed to community psychiatry. Historically, this occurred in public hospitals or assertive community treatment (ACT) teams. A new model of psychiatric care delivery, integrated care, has become prevalent. While integrated care shares some features with traditional community psychiatry rotations, no research exists to demonstrate if integrated care rotations can accomplish the aims of traditional rotations. This pilot study compared learning outcomes in ACT team rotations versus integrated care rotations. Pre- and post-rotation surveys were disseminated to third-year psychiatry residents (N = 8) who were randomized to complete a rotation with an ACT team or an integrated care team. By rotation end, many in both settings changed how conservative they were in treatment philosophies, but this did not result in a difference between groups. Residents in both groups were satisfied with their rotations. Training in integrated care may be a reasonable alternative to traditional community psychiatry rotations. SN 0010-3853 EI 1573-2789 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1275 EP 1278 DI 10.1007/s10597-019-00401-z UT WOS:000493608400003 PM 31076982 ER PT J AU Egeland, KM Hauge, MI Ruud, T Ogden, T Heiervang, KS AF Egeland, Karina M. Hauge, Mona-Iren Ruud, Torleif Ogden, Terje Heiervang, Kristin Sverdvik TI Significance of Leaders for Sustained Use of Evidence-Based Practices: A Qualitative Focus-Group Study with Mental Health Practitioners SO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL AB Evidence-based practices that are implemented in mental health services are often challenging to sustain. In this focus-group study, 26 mental health practitioners with high fidelity scores were interviewed regarding their experiences with implementing the illness management and recovery, an evidence-based practice for people with severe mental disorders, in their services and how this could influence further use. Findings indicate that high fidelity is not equivalent to successful implementation. Rather, to sustain the practice in services, the practitioners emphasized the importance of their leaders being positive and engaged in the intervention, and hold clear goals and visions for the intervention in the clinic. In addition, the practitioners' understanding of outcome monitoring as a resource for practice improvement must be improved to avoid random patient experiences becoming the decisive factor in determining further use. SN 0010-3853 EI 1573-2789 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1344 EP 1353 DI 10.1007/s10597-019-00430-8 UT WOS:000493608400012 PM 31190179 ER PT J AU Prajapati, DR Babue, GR AF Prajapati, Divyang R. Babue, Gattu Ramesh TI CAE v1.1-A Code for the Magnetic Field Due to Arbitrary Electromagnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS AB The Code for the magnetic field due to Arbitrary Electromagnets (CAE) v1.1 is a feature-rich version of CAE v1.0 code to simulate the magnetic fields generated by arbitrary electromagnetic systems. The code calculates the magnetic field due to straight and circular segments of zero thickness or rectangular cross section and cylindrical wire. The magnetic field calculations use a combination of analytical and numerical integration methods based on the Biot-Savart law. The design philosophy of CAE is to reduce the complexities while generating the inputs, and provide the visuals of the given inputs as 3-D plots of the electromagnets and magnetic field components as outputs in the Excel format. The code is successfully verified with the standard examples and the EFFI implementation on BETA, ADITYA-U, and SST-1 tokamaks. SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 55 IS 11 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2019.2932287 UT WOS:000493280200001 ER PT J AU Young, C AF Young, Carson TI Putting the Law in Its Place: Business Ethics and the Assumption that Illegal Implies Unethical SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS AB Many business ethicists assume that if a type of conduct is illegal, then it is also unethical. This article scrutinizes that assumption, using the rideshare company Uber's illegal operation in the city of Philadelphia as a case study. I argue that Uber's unlawful conduct was permissible. I also argue that this position is not an extreme one: it is consistent with a variety of theoretical commitments in the analytic philosophical tradition regarding political obligation (i.e. the moral duty to obey the law because it is the law). I conclude by showing why business ethicists would have a better rejoinder to the "dominant view" of business ethics associated with Milton Friedman if they dispensed with the assumption that illegal implies unethical. SN 0167-4544 EI 1573-0697 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 160 IS 1 BP 35 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10551-018-3904-4 UT WOS:000493606100003 ER PT J AU Baird, C Calvard, TS AF Baird, Christopher Calvard, Thomas S. TI Epistemic Vices in Organizations: Knowledge, Truth, and Unethical Conduct SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS AB Recognizing that truth is socially constructed or that knowledge and power are related is hardly a novelty in the social sciences. In the twenty-first century, however, there appears to be a renewed concern regarding people's relationship with the truth and the propensity for certain actors to undermine it. Organizations are highly implicated in this, given their central roles in knowledge management and production and their attempts to learn, although the entanglement of these epistemological issues with business ethics has not been engaged as explicitly as it might be. Drawing on work from a virtue epistemology perspective, this paper outlines the idea of a set of epistemic vices permeating organizations, along with examples of unethical epistemic conduct by organizational actors. While existing organizational research has examined various epistemic virtues that make people and organizations effective and responsible epistemic agents, much less is known about the epistemic vices that make them ineffective and irresponsible ones. Accordingly, this paper introduces vice epistemology, a nascent but growing subfield of virtue epistemology which, to the best of our knowledge, has yet to be explicitly developed in terms of business ethics. The paper concludes by outlining a business ethics research agenda on epistemic vice, with implications for responding to epistemic vices and their illegitimacy in practice. OI Calvard, Thomas/0000-0002-9631-6258 SN 0167-4544 EI 1573-0697 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 160 IS 1 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s10551-018-3897-z UT WOS:000493606100016 ER PT J AU Casioppo, D AF Casioppo, Danielle TI The cultivation of joy: practices from the Buddhist tradition, positive psychology, and yogic philosophy SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AB The emotion of joy is often thought of as the result of an external stimulus. Few traditions explicitly instruct on how to cultivate joy from within. There are a few exceptions to this. First, in the Buddhist tradition, exist several practices by which to cultivate joy. Second, in positive psychology, specific interventions may be gateways to joy. Third, the practice and philosophy of traditional yoga is believed to lead to a state of ultimate joy. We can postulate what joy is and demonstrate why joy is beneficial, but it's equally important to understand the how of joy. As such, future scholarship on the subject of joy must include the exploration of various modalities whichfacilitate the cultivation of joy in our lives and in the lives of others. SN 1743-9760 EI 1743-9779 PD JAN 2 PY 2020 VL 15 IS 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1080/17439760.2019.1685577 EA NOV 2019 UT WOS:000493420400001 ER PT J AU Wright, AM AF Wright, Arthur M., Jr. TI Disarming the rulers and authorities: Reading Colossians in its Roman imperial context SO REVIEW & EXPOSITOR AB The scant scholarly discussion that focuses on the relationship between Colossians and the Roman Empire has tended to reduce the relationship to a binary proposition: either Colossians is anti-empire, or it has little to say altogether with regards to empire. Neither perspective captures the complexity of Colossians in this regard. Colossians was not written explicitly for the purpose of opposing Rome's empire. Yet it does have significant bearing on understanding how to live life faithfully under the dominion of empire. Writing to combat what the author perceives as a dangerous philosophy for the Colossian Christians, the author gives readers a glimpse into a worldview at sharp odds with Roman imperial ideology. The theological and Christological claims of the letter engage with Roman imperial ideology in ways that contest, threaten, and also mimic Roman imperial power. SN 0034-6373 EI 2052-9449 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 116 IS 4 BP 446 EP 457 DI 10.1177/0034637319879033 UT WOS:000491428900007 ER PT J AU Sigmon, CT AF Sigmon, Casey Thornburgh TI Homiletical possibilities and challenges in Colossians SO REVIEW & EXPOSITOR AB Colossians shines a light onto how some early churches on the margins of society adjusted to everyday life in the midst of a non-Christian society. Engaging baptismal liturgy and hymnody, the Colossian authors instruct Christians in the Lycus Valley (western Turkey) to beware of philosophies and ascetic practices competing for their devotion. According to Colossians, the baptized are now living a new life in Christ, the head of the Church and cosmos. New fruit is visible evidence to the outside world of the cosmic reconciliation that occurred through the cross of Jesus Christ. As dramatic as the shift in cosmic order may seem in the first chapters of the letter, however, the latter half creates a challenge for the preacher. The authors seem to accommodate the radical new life in Christ to the wider Greco-Roman culture, resulting in a diminished role for women in the church and an acceptance of the slave-master dichotomy. Both accommodations in Colossians haunt our legacy as Christ's Body in the world today. SN 0034-6373 EI 2052-9449 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 116 IS 4 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.1177/0034637319879034 UT WOS:000491428900008 ER PT J AU Parisi, L AF Parisi, Luciana TI Media Ontology and Transcendental Instrumentality SO THEORY CULTURE & SOCIETY AB This article takes inspiration from Kittler's claim that philosophy has neglected the means used for its production. Kittler's argument for media ontology will be compared to the post-Kantian project of re-inventing philosophy through the medium of thought (in particular Deleuze's Spiritual Automaton). The article discusses these views in the context of the automation of logical thinking where procedures, tasks, and functions are part of the instrumental processing of new ends evolving a new mode of reasoning. In particular, the article suggests that in constructivist logic and information theory, the temporal gap between truth and proof, between input and output, can be taken to argue that the means of thought expose the indetermination or the incomputability of proof. The automation of reasoning in logical processing coincides not with mindless correlations of data, replacing axioms with data, truths with self-validating proofs. Instead, the problem of the indeterminacy of proof within automated logic re-habilitates techne or instrumentality, and the relation between means and ends away from classical idealism and analytic realism. By following John Dewey's argument for instrumentality, it will be argued that the task of thinking today needs to re-invent a logic of techne away from the teleological view of ends or the crisis of finality. If the post-Kantian preoccupations about the task of thinking already announced that the medium of thought could offer possibilities for a non-human philosophy (or a philosophy beyond truth), this article envisions a machine philosophy originating from within computational media. SN 0263-2764 EI 1460-3616 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 36 IS 6 BP 95 EP 124 DI 10.1177/0263276419843582 UT WOS:000493170100005 ER PT J AU Ricke, A AF Ricke, Audrey TI Mapping Assessment in Anthropology: Using Team-Based Qualitative Methodology to Create Learning Objectives and Evaluate Outcomes SO ANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE AB Anthropology departments are increasingly faced with the challenge of developing assessment strategies to document and assess student learning as it relates to university- and state-level learning objectives. This article draws on the work in applied anthropology as it relates to assessment and team-based qualitative data analysis to develop and test a model for mapping assessment in higher education. It introduces a model for aligning course learning objectives with departmental, university, and state-level goals and assessing student performance across multiple sections of an introductory anthropology course that contains different assignments, ethnographies, and exams. Based on case study data, this research shows how qualitative methods developed for team-based research can be applied to sustain instructor creativity in the area of pedagogy while coordinating assessment. SN 2153-957X EI 2153-9588 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 43 IS 2 BP 53 EP 71 DI 10.1111/napa.12127 UT WOS:000493075800003 ER PT J AU Pylkko, P AF Pylkko, Pauli TI Ambiguity and contradiction: the outlines of Jung's dialectics SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY AB This essay explores Jung's thinking strategies, argumentation patterns, and concept formation processes, and reveals how they distinguish his work from normal present-day science. Jung doesn't much appreciate the law of noncontradiction, which is a cornerstone of classical logic, and he doesn't refrain from using openly ambiguous theoretical terms. It will be pointed out that not only specific archetypes, but the notion of archetype itself, as well as other of Jung's theoretical notions (energy, including libidinal energy, polarity, integration, wholeness, instinct, symbol, and so on), are consciously ambiguous and thus potentially contradictory. It is shown that this kind of dialectic research strategy and related contradiction-tolerant and ambiguity-tolerant methods connect his work to Post-Kantian German Idealism, Schelling's and Schopenhauer's philosophy in particular. However, it was Hegel who, in his Science of Logic, presented a systematic overview of such dialectic principles of reasoning, which were, in the 19(th) century, widely applied by German philosophers, theologians, and other scholars. Unfortunately, Jung decided not to study Hegel, but, instead, wrote derogatorily of his work. It will be argued that a Jungian who wants to be conscious of her own argumentation strategies and methods of concept formation should study Hegel's complex and sophisticated dialectical logic. In addition, it is suggested that Jungian depth psychology might help us to amend the phenomenological deficits of Hegel's system by providing it with a primal experiential source. This is needed because Hegel's Geist, due to its intellectual emphasis, is a self-conscious conceptual totality which advances progressively from stage to stage by guiding itself with the help of dialectical reason (Vernunft). It will be shown that if enriched with a proper kind of experiential givenness, which includes the Jungian unconsciousness (with libidinal energy, instincts, and archetypes), Hegelian metaphysics would be able to embrace a seriously aconceptual or preconceptual dimension. Aconceptual experience, which is, for Jung, mainly the instinctual layer of archetypes, remains essentially inaccessible, not only for normal scientific concepts, but for the concepts of any form of dialectics as well. SN 0021-8774 EI 1468-5922 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 64 IS 5 BP 823 EP 844 DI 10.1111/1468-5922.12548 UT WOS:000492824800011 PM 31659763 ER PT J AU Dudareva, MA Chesnokova, NE Yashina, TA Shtanko, MA AF Dudareva, Marianna A. Chesnokova, Natalia E. Yashina, Tatiana A. Shtanko, Marina A. TI Cultural and civilizational phenomenon of intelligentsia: Historical and visionary reality SO AMAZONIA INVESTIGA AB The article attempts to consider the phenomenon of the Russian intelligentsia in a wide cultural context. We turn to the works of Russian philosophers, to the works of art by Russian writers. Philosophy, literature and art in Russian culture form a synthesis through which you can understand the uniqueness of the national image of the world. The material for the study is the treatise S.A. Yesenin "The keys of Mary". In this treatise, the poet reflects not only on the laws of art, but also gives ideas about the Russian man, his connection with archaic knowledge, expressed through ornament, embroidery, and applied art. The comparative-typological, structural-functional and systematic analysis method is applied. SN 2322-6307 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 8 IS 23 BP 171 EP 177 UT WOS:000493331800011 ER PT J AU Baykova, O Kazakov, A Kryukova, N AF Baykova, Olga Kazakov, Andrey Kryukova, Nataliya TI Socio-demographic parameters and speech behavior of russian germans in foreign-language environment (as exemplified by the ethnic german minority in the Kirov region) SO AMAZONIA INVESTIGA AB Over the past 20 years, academic interest in the relationship between language and environment has significantly increased due to mounting concern about national minorities living in the territory of Russia and the CIS. As a result, numerous studies have been conducted on their history, culture and language. Linguistic diversity and extinction of some languages became the research subject of numerous scientific works at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The fate of languages, their current state and future is top priority for humankind since language is a system of knowledge about the world that embodies the global philosophy in its linguistic structure and grammatical rules. In this sense, language is the world itself and its extinction will cause irreparable damage to people and their surrounding environment. The article aims to present the results of studying the speech behavior of the German ethnic minority living in the Kirov Region. The conducted research reflects the specific features manifested in foreign-language environment under the influence of social and demographic factors. The authors of the article use the following methods: field methods for collecting linguistic materials; the method of continuous recording of dialect materials with the subsequent transcription of texts; the method of sociolinguistic questionnaire and interviewing, etc. While using these methods for analyzing the above-mentioned materials, the authors ensured a high degree of objectivity and reliability. According to their studies, the distribution of German and Russian among ethnic Germans living in the Kirov Region, as well as the choice of their native language, is determined by various extralinguistic factors, in particular, social and demographic: age, education, marital status and gender. The authors believe that this article will be of interest to scholars studying island German dialects. SN 2322-6307 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 8 IS 23 BP 299 EP 307 UT WOS:000493331800025 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, JG Lacy, MG Dengah, HJF Polzer, ER Else, RJ Arevalo, JMG Cole, SW AF Snodgrass, Jeffrey G. Lacy, Michael G. Dengah, H. J. Francois, II Polzer, Evan R. Else, Robert J. Arevalo, Jesusa M. G. Cole, Steven W. TI Positive mental well-being and immune transcriptional profiles in highly involved videogame players SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY AB Previous research has identified a link between experiencing life as meaningful and purposeful-what is referred to as "eudaimonia"-and reduced expression of a stress-induced gene profile known as the "conserved transcriptional response to adversity" (CTRA). In the current study, we examine whether similar links between eudaimonic well-being and CTRA reduction occur in a sample of 56 individuals with a particularly strong engagement with virtual worlds: avid online videogame players. Results consistently linked higher eudaimonic well-being, and more specifically the social well-being subdomain of eudaimonia, to lower levels of CTRA gene expression. That favorable psychobiological relationship between eudaimonia and CTRA appeared most strongly among individuals reporting high levels of positive psychosocial involvement with gaming. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that committed social/recreational activity may help damp CTRA expression especially among persons who are already experiencing some kind of threshold of positive eudaimonic experience. SN 0889-1591 EI 1090-2139 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 82 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.035 UT WOS:000492802000012 PM 31376495 ER PT J AU Butman, J AF Butman, Jeremy TI Deconstructive Empiricism: Science and Metaphor in Derrida's Early Work SO DERRIDA TODAY AB The work of Jacques Derrida is often characterized as anti-scientific, and his philosophy of language taken to mean we are sealed off from empirical reality, confined to our metaphysical prison. This position is reinforced by the fact that his forerunners, Heidegger and Nietzsche, did diminish the importance of the sciences, and argued that we are enclosed within the limits of language. Today, philosophy continues to deconstruct the nature/culture distinction, and challenge the meaning of materialism, but in recent decades has realized that this work requires, in addition to a critique of the modern concept of science, a rehabilitation of the sciences outside their metaphysical definition. The fact that Derrida continues to be understood as an anti-science thinker has led to the exclusion of his work from this project. In this paper, I show that Derrida, while deconstruction the metaphysical concepts of science, nature and empiricism, in fact takes the mathematical sciences as an important force of deconstructing, and develops an interpretation of empiricism that points to a non-metaphysical understanding of it. From this perspective, Derrida's work is useful for thinking through the relation of the human to language and nature in the age of globalization and anthropogenic climate change. SN 1754-8500 EI 1754-8519 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 12 IS 2 BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.3366/drt.2019.0205 UT WOS:000492837500002 ER PT J AU La Caze, M AF La Caze, Marguerite TI 'I've Never Met A Me': Identity and Philosophy in D'Ailleurs, Derrida SO DERRIDA TODAY AB The tension between the absence of identity and the feeling of presence theorised in Jacques Derrida's philosophy is revealed in D'ailleurs Derrida, a film by Safaa Fathy (1999). Fathy's film has had limited scholarly attention, yet it makes a distinctive contribution both to understanding and questioning Derridean thought. I argue that the notmeness of identity is revealed by Fathy through the theme of 'elsewhere' (ailleurs) in the film and yet it allows the audience to experience the tone and cadence of Derrida's speaking voice, in counterpoint with contemporary and archival images, thus providing a sense of his philosophy in relation to his life. The film shows how forms of absence such as silence, the not-said, and even pauses are essential to his work. Ultimately the film operates by giving Derrida the location, space, and time to articulate his views on identity, the close relationship between writing and filming, the experience of being 'the Marrano's Marrano, circumcision, forgiveness and hospitality, and absence and presence. Nevertheless, Fathy's film both reflects and questions his philosophical focus on absence and spectrality through a range of cinematic techniques, including reverse shots and cross-cutting between locations. SN 1754-8500 EI 1754-8519 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 12 IS 2 BP 152 EP 170 DI 10.3366/drt.2019.0207 UT WOS:000492837500004 ER PT J AU Koterova, A Kralik, V Rmoutilova, R Friedl, L Ruzicka, P Veleminska, J Marchal, F Bruzek, J AF Koterova, Anezka Kralik, Vlastimil Rmoutilova, Rebeka Friedl, Lukas Ruzicka, Pavel Veleminska, Jana Marchal, Francois Bruzek, Jaroslav TI Impact of 3D surface scanning protocols on the Os coxae digital data: Implications for sex and age-at-death assessment SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE AB The 3D imaging technologies have become of paramount importance for example in disciplines such as forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, where they are being used more and more frequently. There are several new possibilities that they offer; for instance, the easier and faster sharing of data among institutions, the possibility of permanent documentation, or new opportunities of data analysis. An important requirement, however, is whether the data obtained from different scanning devices are comparable and whether the possible varying outputs could affect further analyses, such as the estimation of the biological profile. Therefore, we aimed to investigate two important questions: (1) whether 3D models acquired by two different scanning technologies (structured light and laser) are comparable and (2) whether the scanning equipment has an effect on the anthropological analyses, such as age-at-death estimation and sex assessment. 3D models of ossa coxa (n = 29) were acquired by laser (NextEngine) and structured light (HP 3D Structured Light Scanner PRO 2) scanners. The resulting 3D models from both scanners were subjected to age-at-death analyses (via the quantitative method of Stoyanova et al., 2017) and sex analyses (via Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste 2 of Bruzek et al., 2017). Furthermore, high quality scans of a small sample (n = 5) of pubic symphyseal surfaces with the RedLux Profiler device were acquired as reference surfaces to which the outputs from both scanners were compared. Small deviations between surfaces were more evident in more rugged surfaces (in areas of depression and protrusion). Even though small differences from the reference surfaces were found, they did not have a significant effect on the age and sex estimates. It never resulted in the opposite sex assignment, and no significant differences were observed between age estimates (with the exception of those with the TPS/BE model). RI ; Koterova, Anezka/S-3276-2017; Rmoutilova, Rebeka/S-3185-2017 OI Friedl, Lukas/0000-0002-9710-7271; Koterova, Anezka/0000-0001-5500-244X; Rmoutilova, Rebeka/0000-0003-2426-4521 SN 1752-928X EI 1532-2009 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 68 AR UNSP 101866 DI 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.101866 UT WOS:000492723500009 PM 31518882 ER PT J AU Colman, KL van der Merwe, AE Stull, KE Dobbe, JGG Streekstra, GJ van Rijn, RR Oostra, RJ de Boer, HH AF Colman, Kerri L. van der Merwe, Alie E. Stull, Kyra E. Dobbe, Johannes G. G. Streekstra, Geert J. van Rijn, Rick R. Oostra, Roelof-Jan de Boer, Hans H. TI The accuracy of 3D virtual bone models of the pelvis for morphological sex estimation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE AB It is currently unknown whether morphological sex estimation traits are accurately portrayed on virtual bone models, and this hampers the use of virtual bone models as an alternative source of contemporary skeletal reference data. This study determines whether commonly used morphological sex estimation traits can be accurately scored on virtual 3D pelvic bone elements. Twenty-seven intact cadavers from the body donation program of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, were CT scanned; this data was used to produce virtual bone models. Thereafter, the dry bones were obtained. Three traits by Klales (2012) and five traits from the Workshop of European Anthropologists (WEA) (1980) were scored on the virtual bone models and their dry skeletal counterparts. Intra- and inter-observer agreement and the agreement between the scores for each virtual bone model-dry bone pair were calculated using weighted Cohen's kappa (K). For all Klales (2012) traits, intra- and inter-observer agreement was substantial to almost perfect for the virtual- and dry bones (K = 0.62-0.90). The agreement in scores in the virtual-dry bone pairs ranged from moderate to almost perfect (K = 0.58-0.82). For the WEA (1980) traits, intra-observer agreement was substantial to almost perfect (K = 0.64-0.91), but results were less unambiguous for inter-observer agreement (K = 0.24-0.88). Comparison of the scores between the virtual bone models and the dry bones yielded kappa values of 0.42-0.87. On one hand, clinical CT data is a promising source for contemporary forensic anthropological reference data, but the interchangeability of forensic anthropological methods between virtual bone models and dry skeletal elements needs to be tested further. RI Colman, Kerri Lee/H-7013-2017 OI Colman, Kerri Lee/0000-0002-2042-8392 SN 0937-9827 EI 1437-1596 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1853 EP 1860 DI 10.1007/s00414-019-02002-7 UT WOS:000492038100025 PM 30680527 ER PT J AU Blaszkowska, M Flavel, A Franklin, D AF Blaszkowska, Magda Flavel, Ambika Franklin, Daniel TI Validation of the Iscan method in clinical MSCT scans specific to an Australian population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE AB The transposition of traditional biological profiling methods to virtual skeletal reconstructions represents a relatively novel practice that is proving to be versatile in a variety of forensic contexts. Widespread acknowledgement of the disadvantages associated with archaeological and/or other non-contemporary skeletal collections has prompted an increase in the use of medical imaging modalities for the purposes of formulating population-specific reference standards used to estimate characteristics such as chronological age. The primary aim of the present study is to statistically evaluate the reproducibility of assessment and thereafter develop age estimation standards based on the morphoscopic evaluation of the fourth right sternal rib following the phase ageing method developed as reported by Iscan et al. (J Forensic Sci 29:1094-1104, 1984, J Forensic Sci 30:853-863, 1985) in clinical multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scans. A total of 335 MSCT scans representing Western Australian individuals between 10 and 80 years of age (179 male and 156 female) were retrospectively reconstructed and analysed in OsiriX following the Iscan et al. sex-specific standards (J Forensic Sci 29:1094-1104, 1984, J Forensic Sci 30:853-863, 1985) for the fourth right rib. Regression and transition analyses are employed to generate standards for the estimation of chronological age and modelling of thoracic senescence, respectively. The method was also applied to right ribs three and five to evaluate intercostal variance in age-related metamorphosis. Intra- and inter-observer accordance is 'substantial' (K = 0.76) and 'almost perfect' (K = 0.825), respectively. Intercostal variances between ribs three to five were observed in the male sample only. Multiple regression using phase scores from all three ribs produced models with the highest predictive accuracy (+/- 10.04 years for males and +/- 9.81 years for females). The transition analyses demonstrate comparable levels of age-related morphological change across ribs and male and female samples. This study presents a novel set of reference standards for a contemporary Australian population and further demonstrates the utility of virtual analysis in forensic anthropology. RI Flavel, Ambika/H-9194-2014 OI Flavel, Ambika/0000-0002-5565-7224; Franklin, Daniel/0000-0003-2605-1343 SN 0937-9827 EI 1437-1596 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1903 EP 1913 DI 10.1007/s00414-018-01992-0 UT WOS:000492038100031 PM 30610446 ER PT J AU Valsecchi, A Olivares, JI Mesejo, P AF Valsecchi, Andrea Irurita Olivares, Javier Mesejo, Pablo TI Age estimation in forensic anthropology: methodological considerations about the validation studies of prediction models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE AB There is currently no clear consensus on how to calculate, express, and interpret the error when validating methods for age estimation in forensic anthropology. For this reason, it is likely that researchers are commonly drawing erroneous or confusing conclusions about the existence of population differences or the need to design new and increasingly complex estimation methods. In recent years, many researchers have highlighted these limitations. They propose new lines of research focused on the use of rigorous statistics and new technologies for the development of methods for estimating age. Our main objective in this study is to contribute to the strengthening of these novel ideas, for which we show the existing empirical evidence about the inadequacy of some age estimation methods in calculating, expressing, and interpreting the errors obtained. With this aim, a total of 500 simulations have been performed, in which hypothetical research teams develop and validate methods for age estimation. The data employed in this study was obtained from the "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Growth Charts: United States" released in 2000. The charts relate age with height, weight, and head circumference of US male children. Five learning algorithms have been employed as age estimators. We have performed three experiments in which the following aspects have been analyzed: frequency with which "negative" results can be obtained in the validation studies; which are the most appropriate criteria to compare and select the age estimation methods; and what analysis should be employed to carry out the validation studies. The results show possible errors in the interpretation of validation studies as a consequence of the confusion of statistical concepts. To conclude, we made a proposal of "good practices" for the correct calculation, expression, and interpretation of the error when validating age estimation methods in forensic anthropology. RI Irurita Olivares, Javier/O-8210-2017; Valsecchi, Andrea/H-7682-2015 OI Irurita Olivares, Javier/0000-0003-1676-9773; Valsecchi, Andrea/0000-0002-5956-5749 SN 0937-9827 EI 1437-1596 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1915 EP 1924 DI 10.1007/s00414-019-02064-7 UT WOS:000492038100032 PM 31073637 ER PT J AU Reis, CCA Menezes, TMD Freitas, AVD Pedreira, LC de Freitas, RA Pires, IB AF Andrade Reis, Camila Calhau de Oliva Menezes, Tania Maria da Silva Freitas, Adriana Valeria Pedreira, Larissa Chaves de Freitas, Raniele Araujo Pires, Isabella Batista TI Being an institutionalized elderly person: meaning of experiences based on Heidegger's phenomenology SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENFERMAGEM AB Objective: Analyze the meaning of being an elderly person living in a long-term institution. Method: Qualitative study based on Martin Heidegger's thought.Twelve phenomenological interviews were conducted with people aged over 60 years living in a long-term institution for the elderly in the city of Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil. Results: The units of meaning identified were: experience of progressive loss of autonomy and independence, perception of living in an institution as an inevitable circumstance; and being-with becoming being-alone/being-lonely. After the identification of ontic aspects and hermeneutical understanding, the unit of meaning was constructed: meaning of being an elderly person living in a long-term institution. Final considerations: The ontological needs referring to being an elderly person remain forgotten. As we are ontic and ontological, limited care to the ontic instance indicates deficiencies in institutionalization. Improvements are required to ensure the right to age with quality of life to this population. OI Araujo de Freitas, Raniele/0000-0002-9367-3639; Calhau Andrade Reis, Camila/0000-0002-5621-6463; Menezes, Tania Maria de Oliva/0000-0001-5819-0570 SN 0034-7167 EI 1984-0446 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1632 EP 1638 DI 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0763 UT WOS:000492047900030 PM 31644754 ER PT J AU Perniola, M AF Perniola, Mario TI Becoming Deleuzian? SO DELEUZE AND GUATTARI STUDIES AB Mario Perniola finds more than one cause in common with Deleuze, establishing a link between some aspects of Deleuze's theories and his own education, oriental philosophy, the situationists, but mostly Surrealism and Stoicism, two philosophical attitudes sharing the awareness that the threshold between actuality and virtuality is shifting and in constant transformation. The core element of the essay is notably the notion of becoming, to be taken strictly in relation to the notions of assemblage and plane of consistency. Together they account for one and the same moment, a disposition of elements, which is not stable but in constant movement. SN 2398-9777 EI 2398-9785 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 BP 482 EP 494 DI 10.3366/dlgs.2019.0374 UT WOS:000492146400003 ER PT J AU Cimatti, F AF Cimatti, Felice TI Deleuze and Italian Thought SO DELEUZE AND GUATTARI STUDIES AB The tradition of Italian Thought - not the political one but the poetic and naturalistic one - finds in the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze a way to enter into the new century, the century of immanence and animality. In fact, Deleuze himself remained outside the main philosophical traditions of his own time (structuralism and phenomenology). The tradition to which Deleuze refers is the one that begins with Spinoza and ends with Nietzsche. It is an ontological tradition, which deals mainly with life and the world rather than with the human subject and knowledge. Finally, the text sketches a possible dialogue between Deleuze and the poet-philosopher Giacomo Leopardi, one of the most important (and still unknown) figures of Italian Thought. SN 2398-9777 EI 2398-9785 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.3366/dlgs.2019.0375 UT WOS:000492146400004 ER PT J AU Stimilli, E AF Stimilli, Elettra TI Immanence: A Working Plan SO DELEUZE AND GUATTARI STUDIES AB Immanence is a key concept in Gilles Deleuze's thought. It emerges in 1968, in the book Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza and it is a focus until his last text. Immanence is a concept steeped in theological resonances, which disturbs Western metaphysics and politics. But, according to Deleuze, immanence is not really a concept, rather it is a 'plan'. 'The plan of immanence' is the 'prephilosophical' working plan of philosophy. The point is that, according to Deleuze, philosophy cannot be understood only conceptually, although it begins with the creation of concepts. Here, rather, what is at stake is a prephilosophical origin of philosophy itself. This relationship between the plane of immanence and philosophy is the most important aspect that some of best-known exponents of contemporary Italian philosophy have inherited from Deleuze. The focus of this essay is on three expressions of the plane of immanence in the sense of Deleuze that have been developed in contemporary Italian Thought: the 'constituent power' of politics in Antonio Negri; the 'impersonal' in Roberto Esposito; and the 'potentiality' in Giorgio Agamben. SN 2398-9777 EI 2398-9785 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 BP 508 EP 515 DI 10.3366/dlgs.2019.0376 UT WOS:000492146400005 ER PT J AU Villani, T AF Villani, Tiziana TI Gilles Deleuze: Philosophy and Nomadism SO DELEUZE AND GUATTARI STUDIES AB In the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari, nomadism works as an approach to the creation of concepts that favour space: geophilosophy. Nomadism is the way in which one crosses the plane of immanence and the many becomings; in fact, nomadism exceeds the ancient rhetoric of the subject because its disposition belongs to the multiple and to the environment in which it can unfold. In this sense, the disorientation in the present appears less disturbing; it is rather a shift in perspective, certainly difficult to understand in the time in which the mega-machine of power is becoming more and more persecutory. Lines of flight, movements of slippage, becoming-woman, becoming-child, becoming-minor refer not only to the exercise of criticism, but also to the production of assemblages that intend to resist the present. SN 2398-9777 EI 2398-9785 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 13 IS 4 BP 516 EP 527 DI 10.3366/dlgs.2019.0377 UT WOS:000492146400006 ER PT J AU Holman, B Bernecker, S Garbayo, L AF Holman, Bennett Bernecker, Sven Garbayo, Luciana TI Medical knowledge in a social world: Introduction to the special issue SO SYNTHESE AB Philosophy of medicine has traditionally examined two issues: the scientific ontology for medicine and the epistemic significance of the types of evidence used in medical research. In answering each question, philosophers have typically brought to bear tools from traditional analytic philosophy. In contrast, this volume explores medical knowledge from the perspective offered by social epistemology. While many of the same issues are addressed, the approach to these issues generates both fresh questions and new insights into old debates. In addition, the broader purview offered by social epistemology opens up opportunities to address new topics such as the role of consensus conferences, epistemic injustice, the value of medical knowledge, continuing medical education, and industry funding. This article situates and summarizes the contributions to this special issue. SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 196 IS 11 SI SI BP 4351 EP 4361 DI 10.1007/s11229-018-1779-7 UT WOS:000491496100001 ER PT J AU Robinson, MD AF Robinson, Mark D. TI Financializing epistemic norms in contemporary biomedical innovation SO SYNTHESE AB The rapid, recent emergence of new medical knowledge models has engendered a dizzying number of new medical initiatives, programs and approaches. Fields such as evidence-based medicine and translational medicine all promise a renewed relationship between knowledge and medicine. The question for philosophy and other fields has been whether these new models actually achieve their promises to bring about better kinds of medical knowledge-a question that compels scholars to analyze each model's epistemic claims. Yet, these analyses may miss critical components that explain how these models actually work and function. Using the case of translational medicine, this paper suggests that analyses which treat these models as a primarily epistemic interventions miss the way that new approaches are increasingly shaped by specific financial and commercial agendas. Ultimately, social epistemological analyses that are attentive to market forces are required to make sense of emerging bioscientific research models, which are increasingly tethered to or a manifestation of increasingly financialized models of science research and innovation. SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 196 IS 11 SI SI BP 4391 EP 4407 DI 10.1007/s11229-018-1704-0 UT WOS:000491496100003 ER PT J AU Ben-Moshe, N AF Ben-Moshe, Nir TI The internal morality of medicine: a constructivist approach SO SYNTHESE AB Physicians frequently ask whether they should give patients what they want, usually when there are considerations pointing against doing so, such as medicine's values and physicians' obligations. It has been argued that the source of medicine's values and physicians' obligations lies in what has been dubbed "the internal morality of medicine": medicine is a practice with an end and norms that are definitive of this practice and that determine what physicians ought to do qua physicians. In this paper, I defend the claim that medicine requires a morality that is internal to its practice, while rejecting the prevalent characterization of this morality and offering an alternative one. My approach to the internal morality of medicine is constructivist in nature: the norms of medicine are constructed by medical professionals, other professionals, and patients, given medicine's end of "benefitting patients in need of prima facie medical treatment and care." I make the case that patients should be involved in the construction of medicine's morality not only because they have knowledge that is relevant to the internal morality of medicine-namely, their own values and preferences-but also because medicine is an inherently relational enterprise: in medicine the relationship between physician and patient is a constitutive component of the craft itself. The framework I propose provides an authoritative morality for medicine, while allowing for the incorporation, into that very morality, of qualified deference to patient values. SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 196 IS 11 SI SI BP 4449 EP 4467 DI 10.1007/s11229-017-1466-0 UT WOS:000491496100006 ER PT J AU Vernazzani, A AF Vernazzani, Alfredo TI The structure of sensorimotor explanation SO SYNTHESE AB The sensorimotor theory of vision and visual consciousness is often described as a radical alternative to the computational and connectionist orthodoxy in the study of visual perception. However, it is far from clear whether the theory represents a significant departure from orthodox approaches or whether it is an enrichment of it. In this study, I tackle this issue by focusing on the explanatory structure of the sensorimotor theory. I argue that the standard formulation of the theory subscribes to the same theses of the dynamical hypothesis and that it affords covering-law explanations. This however exposes the theory to the mere description worry and generates a puzzle about the role of representations. I then argue that the sensorimotor theory is compatible with a mechanistic framework, and show how this can overcome the mere description worry and solve the problem of the explanatory role of representations. By doing so, it will be shown that the theory should be understood as an enrichment of the orthodoxy, rather than an alternative. OI Vernazzani, Alfredo/0000-0002-6458-8478 SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 196 IS 11 SI SI BP 4527 EP 4553 DI 10.1007/s11229-017-1664-9 UT WOS:000491496100010 ER PT J AU Baxendale, M AF Baxendale, Matthew TI Mapping the continuum of research strategies SO SYNTHESE AB Contemporary philosophy of science has seen a growing trend towards a focus on scientific practice over the epistemic outputs that such practices produce. This practice-oriented approach has yielded a clearer understanding of how reductive research strategies play a central role in contemporary scientific inquiry. In parallel, a growing body of work has sought to explore the role of non-reductive, or systems-level, research strategies. As a result, the relationship between reductive and non-reductive scientific practices is becoming of increased importance. In this paper, I provide a framework within which research strategies can be compared. I argue that no strategy is reductive or non-reductive simpliciter, rather strategies are more, or are less, reductive than one another according to a frame of reference. That frame of reference is provided by a continuum of possible ways in which the target system might be conceptualised. I illustrate the utility of the framework by deploying it to analyse a recent debate in cancer research. When set within the framework, a prominent reductive strategy-the somatic mutation theory-and a prominent non-reductive strategy-the tissue organisational field theory-do not stand opposed to one another. Rather, they serve as boundary markers to chart the territory of approaches to carcinogenesis within which most strategies in the field fall. SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 196 IS 11 SI SI BP 4711 EP 4733 DI 10.1007/s11229-018-1683-1 UT WOS:000491496100018 ER PT J AU Balcerowicz, P AF Balcerowicz, Piotr TI Is There Anything Like Indian Logic? Anumana, 'Inference' and Inference in the Critique of Jayarasi Bhatta SO JOURNAL OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY AB The paper presents an analysis of the anumana chapter of Jayarasi's Tattvopaplava-simha and the nature of his criticism levelled against the anumana model. The results of the analysis force us to revise our understanding of Jayarasi Bhatta as a sceptic. Instead, he emerges as a highly critical (materialist) philosopher. In addition, the nature of Jayarasi's criticism of the anumana model allow us to conclude that anumana should not be equated with inference, but rather is its limited subset, and may at best be rendered as 'disputational inference', 'debational inference' or even 'dialogical inference'. Jayarasi applies a range of logical laws which clearly represent patterns of what can be classified as a priori reasoning (if we grant that there could be a priori justification for our knowledge at all) and analytical justifications for knowledge, which were traditionally not reckoned sound. Against the backdrop of Jayarasi's criticism of anumana, the paper also attempts to provide an explanation to why Indian philosophy and logic did not develop any concept of proper symbols and variables. SN 0022-1791 EI 1573-0395 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 5 BP 917 EP 946 DI 10.1007/s10781-019-09400-6 UT WOS:000491058800001 ER PT J AU Soni, J AF Soni, Jayandra TI Vidyanandin's Discussion with the Buddhist on Svasa?vedana, Pratyaksa and Pramana SO JOURNAL OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY AB Two of the terms in the title are from Vidyanandin's Tattvartha-sloka-varttika (TAsV, 1, 6, 11), which is his commentary on Umasvati's Tattvartha-sutra (TAS). Sutra 6 of the TAS states the following: pramana-nayair adhigamah, 'knowledge-of the seven categories-is obtained through the pramanas and the nayas'). Vidyanandin's commentary on this sutra 6 entails a total of 56 slokas, with his own prose varttika on each of them in varying lengths. TAsV 1, 6, 1-8 deal with particulars and universals, for which he uses the synonymous pairs a?sa/a?sin and avayava/avayavin. That he is attacking the Buddhist position regarding this age old theme in Indian philosophy, is evident also in that he quotes Dharmakirti's Pramana-varttika. By the time he comes to his TAsV 1, 6, 6, he establishes that an object as a whole is open to perception and that the Buddhist also accepts perception as a valid means of knowledge, but does not accept the perception of an object as a whole. From TAsV 1, 6, 11 onwards Vidyanandin continues with the same theme, elaborating his attack of the Buddhist view even further, doing so in terms of svasamvedana, pratyaksa and prama?a (self-awareness, perception and valid means of knowledge). The presentation will attempt to deal with these concepts in order to see how Vidyanandin vindicates the Jaina position vis-a-vis the Buddhist one. This presentation will continue from my previous study of Vidyanandin's TAsV 1, 6, 1-10. SN 0022-1791 EI 1573-0395 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1017 DI 10.1007/s10781-019-09405-1 UT WOS:000491058800004 ER PT J AU Mokoena, P Billings, BK Gibbon, V Bidmos, MA Mazengenya, P AF Mokoena, Palesa Billings, Brendon K. Gibbon, Victoria Bidmos, Mubarak A. Mazengenya, Pedzisai TI Development of discriminant functions to estimate sex in upper limb bones for mixed ancestry South Africans SO SCIENCE & JUSTICE AB South Africa has one of the highest murder rates in the world, which is associated with an increasing number of unidentified individuals. Forensic anthropologists can assist in these cases to reduce the number of potential victims the remains may belong to. Sex estimation potentially decreases the number of possible victims by half. The mixed ancestry population in South Africa is the second largest group of people; however, there remains a paucity of data and population-specific methods for sex estimation in this group. The aim of this study was to assess the potential for metrices obtained around the nutrient foramen and the maximum length of upper limb long bones to estimate sex in mixed ancestry South Africans using discriminant function analysis. A total of 328 humeri, radii and ulnae from individuals of mixed ancestry were analysed. Sex was correctly classified with an average classification accuracy of 84.3% in the humeri, 88.3% for radii and 83.5% for the ulnae. Total length was the single best predictor of sex; the combination of total length with dimensions related to the nutrient foramen produced high classification accuracies in the current study. Overall, sexual dimorphism was observed in mixed ancestry South Africans upper limb long bones. The findings of this study further emphasise the need for population-specific standards of sexing in an attempt to improve current methods of forensic identification of descendants. RI Billings, Brendon/AAE-1231-2020 OI Mazengenya, Pedzisai/0000-0003-4733-1563; Gibbon, Victoria/0000-0001-7875-3297 SN 1355-0306 EI 1876-4452 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 59 IS 6 BP 660 EP 666 DI 10.1016/j.scijus.2019.06.007 UT WOS:000491634800009 PM 31606104 ER PT J AU Knight, AT Cook, CN Redford, KH Biggs, D Romero, C Ortega-Argueta, A Norman, CD Parsons, B Reynolds, M Eoyang, G Keene, M AF Knight, Andrew T. Cook, Carly N. Redford, Kent H. Biggs, Duan Romero, Claudia Ortega-Argueta, Alejandro Norman, Cameron D. Parsons, Beverly Reynolds, Martin Eoyang, Glenda Keene, Matt TI Improving conservation practice with principles and tools from systems thinking and evaluation SO SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AB Achieving nature conservation goals require grappling with 'wicked' problems. These intractable problems arise from the complexity and dynamism of the social-ecological systems in which they are embedded. To enhance their ability to address these problems, conservation professionals are increasingly looking to the transdisciplines of systems thinking and evaluation, which provide philosophies, theories, methods, tools and approaches that show promise for addressing intractable problems in a variety of other sectors. These transdisciplines come together especially around praxis, i.e., the process by which a theory or idea is enacted, embodied or realized. We present a review and synthesis of the learnings about praxis that have emerged from The Silwood Group, a consortium of conservation professionals, professional evaluators, and complexity and systems thinkers. The Silwood Group believes that for conservation activities to achieve ambitious goals, we should benefit nature without compromising the well-being of people, and that framing a praxis for conservation in the context of social-ecological systems will provide the greatest potential for positive impact. The learnings are presented as four key principles of a 'praxis for effective conservation'. The four principles are: (1) attend to the whole with humility; (2) engage constructively with the values, cultures, politics, and histories of stakeholders; (3) learn through evaluative, systemic enquiry, and (4) exercise wisdom in judgement and action. We also provide descriptions and references for tools and methods to support such praxis and discuss how the thinking and approaches used by conservation professionals can be transformed to achieve greater effectiveness. OI Biggs, Duan/0000-0003-3177-4677; Reynolds, Martin/0000-0001-8644-9519 SN 1862-4065 EI 1862-4057 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1531 EP 1548 DI 10.1007/s11625-019-00676-x UT WOS:000491421900005 ER PT J AU Kearns, AJ AF Kearns, Alan J. TI The ethical demand in teaching and learning SO TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION AB This paper outlines the main tenets of the moral philosophy of Knud Ejler Logstrup and its relevance for teaching and learning in the context of care ethics. It is the contention of this paper that Logstrup's moral phenomenology of the ethical demand and the spontaneous expressions of life provides a metaethical framework for a normativity of care in teaching and learning. Some implications are highlighted to demonstrate how this metaethical framework may work in practice. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0742-051X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 86 AR UNSP 102874 DI 10.1016/j.tate.2019.07.004 UT WOS:000491631500002 ER PT J AU Xu, F AF Xu, Fei TI Towards a Rational Constructivist Theory of Cognitive Development SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW AB This article provides a synthesis and overview of a theory of cognitive development, rational constructivism. The basic tenets of this view are as follows: (a) Initial state: Human infants begin life with a set of proto-conceptual primitives. These early representations are not in the format of a language of thought. (b) Mature state: Human adults represent the world in terms of a set of domain-specific intuitive theories. (c) Three types of mechanisms account for learning, development, and conceptual change: language and symbol learning, Bayesian inductive learning, and constructive thinking. (d) The child is an active learner, and cognitive agency is part and parcel of development. I will discuss each of these tenets, and provide an overview of the kind of empirical evidence that supports this view. This is a non-Piagetian view though it is in the spirit of constructivist theories of development; this view emphasizes the utility of formal computational models in understanding learning and developmental change. Lastly, this view also has implications for the study of philosophy of mind and epistemology. SN 0033-295X EI 1939-1471 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 126 IS 6 BP 841 EP 864 DI 10.1037/rev0000153 UT WOS:000491284600003 PM 31180701 ER PT J AU Ellis, RD AF Ellis, Rebecca D. TI The role of values in scientific theory selection and why it matters to medical education SO BIOETHICS AB In this paper, I argue that the role of values in theory selection is an important issue within medical education. I review the underdetermination argument, which is the idea within philosophy of science that the data serving as evidence for theories are by themselves not sufficient to support a theory to the exclusion of alternatives. There are always various explanations compatible with the data, and we ultimately appeal to certain values as our grounds for choosing one theory over another. I explore some of the ways contemporary feminist philosophers have chosen to grapple with the problem of underdetermination and proposed solutions to systematize how values might be incorporated into theory choice, drawing primarily from the work of Helen Longino and Elizabeth Anderson. I conclude by discussing how value-laden inquiry should be incorporated within medical education to promote reflection towards medicine's normative underpinnings. SN 0269-9702 EI 1467-8519 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 33 IS 9 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1111/bioe.12612 UT WOS:000491111700002 PM 31222808 ER PT J AU Castillo, EU Valverde, CM AF Ulloa Castillo, Erna Medina Valverde, Cristian TI Outline of a Diplomatic Leader in the International Community: Hernan Santa Cruz and his Works at the United Nations SO HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY AB This article analyzes the life of a diplomat who played a pivotal role in the United Nations, Hernan Santa Cruz Barcelo of Chile. This diplomatic leader focused on creating the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean as well, as the commission that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Through this analysis of his internationalist philosophy, his management as ambassador, and his friendships with various presidents of the Republic, critical milestones will be examined that marked not only his vision for international relations, but also his most characteristic feature: his faith in the human spirit and a superior destiny. SN 0275-0392 EI 1085-794X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 41 IS 4 BP 962 EP 981 DI 10.1353/hrq.2019.0069 UT WOS:000489718200008 ER PT J AU Sun, PH AF Sun, Pinghua TI Pengchun Chang's Contributions to International Human Rights in Global Governance SO HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY AB In the early stage of the United Nations, Pengchun Chang (P. C. Chang), the outstanding Chinese representative, participated in the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and made prominent contributions in global governance. This article attempts to use triangulations to analyze and discuss the significant role played by Chang in constructing the international human rights system by employing literature studies, empirical studies and a case study. It is believed that it was not accidental for Chang to make such contributions to international human rights, and his cleverness and wisdom benefited from both the excellent traditional Chinese culture and the Western philosophies and essentials of his Western education. SN 0275-0392 EI 1085-794X PD NOV PY 2019 VL 41 IS 4 BP 982 EP 1002 DI 10.1353/hrq.2019.0070 UT WOS:000489718200009 ER PT J AU Misch, CM Polido, WD AF Misch, Craig M. Polido, Waldemar D. TI A "Graft Less" Approach for Dental Implant Placement in Posterior Edentulous Sites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS & RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY AB Vertical bone augmentation techniques are more invasive than other procedures, and success rates often vary according to the surgical expertise of the clinician. As a result, there has been a trend over time towards minimally invasive treatment options in implant dentistry. This article discusses a "graft less" treatment philosophy that emphasizes the use of less-demanding augmentation techniques for the purpose of placing shorter implants in atrophic posterior sites, avoiding more complicated procedures for implant placement. In the posterior maxilla and mandible, the use of short implants (<8.0 mm) can reduce the need for vertical bone grafting. Patients often prefer this strategy over more complex procedures that can cause complications, increase morbidity, and require longer treatment times with higher costs. When inadequate available bone is present for implant placement, planned bone augmentation procedures may be performed for the purpose of placing shorter implants; these procedures are less demanding, less invasive, and more predictable, allowing long-term outcomes for the implant-supported restoration. RI Polido, Waldemar/B-9662-2016 OI Polido, Waldemar/0000-0002-0645-1801 SN 0198-7569 EI 1945-3388 PD NOV-DEC PY 2019 VL 39 IS 6 BP 771 EP 779 DI 10.11607/prd.4414 UT WOS:000489946800005 PM 31613937 ER PT J AU McCredie, B Sadiq, K Chapple, L AF McCredie, Bronwyn Sadiq, Kerrie Chapple, Larelle TI Navigating the fourth industrial revolution: Taxing automation for fiscal sustainability SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AB The fourth industrial revolution has arrived; however, this industrial revolution is unlike those witnessed in the past. Equal opportunity and growth have been replaced by the 21st century trend of rising inequality, in which advancement through digitisation and automation brings fortune to the few and hardship to the many, as income and property stratification grows. As a result, current tax systems are under pressure with displaced workers requiring support, and the fiscal purse, which has historically been funded by income taxes, being eroded due to a decreasing number of workers to tax. Conceivably, it is up to governments to address this 'double negative effect', but it is unclear how this could be achieved and what theoretical basis should be leveraged to do so. This article provides a discussion of three important normative philosophies of distributive justice, utilitarianism, libertarianism and John Rawls' theory of justice, to determine a theoretical basis on which the redistribution of income via a tax on automation is justified. The pertinent theory is then operationalised with the proposal of three alternate models of taxation: a Pigouvian tax, a tax on economic rents and an appreciation tax. Each of these models is evaluated alongside a discussion on the shift in global tax policy from taxing income to taxing capital. This article argues that this shift is necessary to reduce income inequality and to ensure even the lowest common denominator is provided for, for we are the 99%. JEL Classification: H23, H25, K34, O23 OI Chapple, Larelle/0000-0001-5089-5090 SN 0312-8962 EI 1327-2020 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP 648 EP 664 DI 10.1177/0312896219870576 UT WOS:000489328300008 ER PT J AU Caicedo, MH H?glund, L M?rtensson, M AF Caicedo, Mikael Holmgren Hoglund, Linda Martensson, Maria TI When calculative practices are no more: On the de-accountingization of the operational level of a public sector agency SO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT AB This study reports on an attempt to remove management accounting's calculative practices at the operational level of a Swedish Public Agency. Using a Habermasian perspective, the study shows how the agency has attempted to replace the previous accounting practice, which involved target setting, performance management and measurement with a new leadership philosophy, and accounting practices that aim at generalizing the individual's private interest toward organizational interests. The result is interpreted as an attempt to make the individual responsible for the welfare of the collective in which, in its absence, the kind of validity that accounting's calculative practices enable is very much present as a longing to soothe the anxiety and uncertainty brought about by the responsibility to lead oneself. OI Martensson, Maria/0000-0002-7889-2331 SN 0267-4424 EI 1468-0408 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 373 EP 389 DI 10.1111/faam.12211 UT WOS:000489261900004 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Crespo, MD Lipsky, DB Nabatch, T O'Leary, R AF Hernandez-Crespo, Mariana D. Lipsky, David B. Nabatch, Tina O'Leary, Rosemary TI The Scathingly Brilliant Scholarship of Lisa Blomgren Amsler (Formerly Bingham) SO NEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AB This essay honors Lisa Blomgren Amsler (formerly Bingham) as an International Association for Conflict Management Jeffrey Z. Rubin Award recipient (2006). Lisa is the author or co-author of over 125 path-breaking publications that span the fields of dispute resolution, negotiation, conflict management, public administration, public policy, law, philosophy, and organizational studies, among many others. She the consummate example of "thinking DaVinci" -using lateral thinking, moving fluidly across contexts and perspectives, taking knowledge from one context and applying it to another, and fostering creativity and innovation in scholarship. This article focuses on Lisa's contributions in the areas of mandatory arbitration and the effects of mediation, justice, and justness in alternative dispute resolution and public participation, and collaborative public management. In addition, we highlight Lisa's impact outside the United States. We give Lisa the last word where she analyzes gaps in research and practice, as well as the future of the field. SN 1750-4708 EI 1750-4716 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 12 IS 4 BP 343 EP 366 DI 10.1111/ncmr.12125 UT WOS:000489222700004 ER PT J AU Fayn, K Silvia, PJ Dejonckheere, E Verdonck, S Kuppens, P AF Fayn, Kirill Silvia, Paul J. Dejonckheere, Egon Verdonck, Stijn Kuppens, Peter TI Confused or Curious? Openness/Intellect Predicts More Positive Interest-Confusion Relations SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AB Open people show greater interest in situations that are complex, novel, and difficult to understand-situations that may also be experienced as confusing. Here we investigate the possibility that openness/intellect is centrally characterized by more positive relations between interest and confusion. Interest and confusion are key states experienced during engagement with information and learning. However, little is known about the within-person relation between them, let alone individual differences in this relation. We tested our hypotheses by making use of different paradigms, stimuli, and participants. Across five studies (N = 640) we tested the relation between openness/intellect and within-person interest-confusion relations in response to art (Study 1); science, philosophy, and art (Study 2); psychology lectures (Study 3); a poem (Study 4); and a complex problem solving task (Study 5). Average interest-confusion relations varied between different studies, but for all studies the distributions of the relations went from highly negative to highly positive-individual differences in direction rather than just degree. In all but 1 study we found consistent support for our hypotheses-openness/intellect is associated with more positive relations between interest and confusion. No other personality domain or intelligence was consistently related to interest-confusion relations. Together, these findings suggest a new phenomenological aspect of being open-curiosity toward confusing situations. Our findings support the link between openness/intellect and sensitivity to the value of complex information, and are discussed with regards to their relevance for engagement with information and learning. RI Dejonckheere, Egon/I-6661-2019 OI Dejonckheere, Egon/0000-0002-7219-7506; kuppens, peter/0000-0002-2363-2356 SN 0022-3514 EI 1939-1315 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1016 EP 1033 DI 10.1037/pspp0000257 UT WOS:000488842400009 PM 31259577 ER PT J AU Morawski, J AF Morawski, Jill TI The Replication Crisis: How Might Philosophy and Theory of Psychology Be of Use? SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY AB Psychology is experiencing what many deem a "crisis," often called a "replication crisis." In response and with impressive speed, technical changes are being introduced to remedy perceived problems in data analysis, researcher bias, and publication practices. Yet throughout these large-scale renovations of scientific practice, scarce attention is given to philosophical and theoretical commitments as potential factors in the crisis problems. Analysis of involved psychologists' understandings of scientific crisis. replication, and epistemology indicates the need for philosophical examinations. Likewise warranting close analyses are the associated assumptions about objectivity, credibility, and ontology (the nature of psychological phenomena). Such lacuna in the crisis interrogations constitute opportunities for researchers with expertise in the philosophy and theory of psychology to contribute to the science's immediate problems and collaborate more closely with experimental psychologists. SN 1068-8471 EI 2151-3341 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 39 IS 4 BP 218 EP 238 DI 10.1037/teo0000129 UT WOS:000488055300003 ER PT J AU Sherwood, VR AF Sherwood, Vance R. TI Does Evidence-Based Treatment Exist in the Mental Health Disciplines? SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY AB Evidence-based treatment (EBT) has been proposed as the only ethical form of treatment in mental health. But do the results of mental health research meet the standards of evidence in science? EBT is essentially a way of guaranteeing internal validity, but problems with manualization, statistical power, replicating studies, and bias in selection procedures keep research results well below the level of evidence in science. Moreover, external validity is highly problematic because of EBT's insistence on measurable data and also because of incoherence in diagnostic categories and unpredictable prognostic trajectories, problems that also keep data from reaching the level of evidence in science. Mental states may well be phenomena that can never be fully grasped by reduction to mathematical relations. SN 1068-8471 EI 2151-3341 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 39 IS 4 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.1037/teo0000106 UT WOS:000488055300004 ER PT J AU Mutasa, S Munsaka, E AF Mutasa, Sebia Munsaka, Edson TI Botswana and international policies on the inclusion of disaster risk reduction in the school curriculum: Exploring the missing link SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AB This paper is based on the research study that focused on Botswana's compliance with international Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) policies, regional policies and its own policies on DRR education. It specifically sought to explore and understand the missing link in between Botswana's policy direction and international policies on the inclusion of Disaster Risk Reduction in the school curriculum. Located within the interpretivist philosophy and based on a case study research design, a mixed method approach using 30 teachers drawn from twelve schools, and two key informants who are the focal points at the National Disaster Management Office and Curriculum Development Unit was adopted. Questionnaires and interviews were administered to teachers and key informants respectively. The study finds that policy, augmented by the availability of resources and skills would play an important role in integrating disaster risk reduction education in Botswana's primary school curriculum. It also found that having an education policy that embeds disaster issues may help to consolidate communities' capacities to cope with disasters, as children are good information disseminators. To that end the paper concludes and argues that without political will and a strong engagement of key stakeholders in the drafting of the policy, the prospects of implementing disaster risk reduction integration into the education curriculum are weak. SN 2212-4209 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 40 AR UNSP 101271 DI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101271 UT WOS:000487832700004 ER PT J AU Byrd, N Conway, P AF Byrd, Nick Conway, Paul TI Not all who ponder count costs: Arithmetic reflection predicts utilitarian tendencies, but logical reflection predicts both deontological and utilitarian tendencies SO COGNITION AB Conventional sacrificial moral dilemmas propose directly causing some harm to prevent greater harm. Theory suggests that accepting such actions (consistent with utilitarian philosophy) involves more reflective reasoning than rejecting such actions (consistent with deontological philosophy). However, past findings do not always replicate, confound different kinds of reflection, and employ conventional sacrificial dilemmas that treat utilitarian and deontological considerations as opposite. In two studies, we examined whether past findings would replicate when employing process dissociation to assess deontological and utilitarian inclinations independently. Findings suggested two categorically different impacts of reflection: measures of arithmetic reflection, such as the Cognitive Reflection Test, predicted only utilitarian, not deontological, response tendencies. However, measures of logical reflection, such as performance on logical syllogisms, positively predicted both utilitarian and deontological tendencies. These studies replicate some findings, clarify others, and reveal opportunity for additional nuance in dual process theorist's claims about the link between reflection and dilemma judgments. OI Byrd, Nick/0000-0001-5475-5941; Conway, Paul/0000-0003-4649-6008 SN 0010-0277 EI 1873-7838 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 192 AR 103995 DI 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.06.007 UT WOS:000487166700007 PM 31301587 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CJ Knighten, KR Conway, P AF Reynolds, Caleb J. Knighten, Kassidy R. Conway, Paul TI Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who is deontological? Completing moral dilemmas in front of mirrors increases deontological but not utilitarian response tendencies SO COGNITION AB Recent evidence suggests moral dilemma responses reflect concerns about image and identity. If so, enhancing self-awareness should impact dilemma responses-possibly increasing both harm-rejection (consistent with deontological philosophy) and outcome-maximization tendencies (consistent with utilitarian philosophy). Yet, conventional analyses may not detect such effects because they treat harm-rejection and outcome-maximization tendencies as diametric opposites. Instead, we employed process dissociation to assess these response tendencies independently. Across two studies (n = 370), participants who completed dilemmas in front of mirrors-a classic manipulation of self-awareness- tended to reject harm more than those in a control condition. However, the mirror manipulation did not systematically increase outcome-maximization tendencies. These findings suggest that deontological decisions in moral dilemmas may partially reflect self-awareness and concerns about one's image. OI Conway, Paul/0000-0003-4649-6008 SN 0010-0277 EI 1873-7838 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 192 AR 103993 DI 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.06.005 UT WOS:000487166700005 PM 31229738 ER PT J AU Williams, J Pill, S AF Williams, John Pill, Shane TI What does the term 'quality physical education' mean for health and physical education teachers in Australian Capital Territory schools? SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEW AB This research investigated what the term Quality Physical Education (QPE) meant to Health and Physical Education (HPE) teachers in Australian Capital Territory (ACT) schools. A total of 14 HPE teachers who taught middle school or above, representing government and independent schools, took part in focus group interviews about their understanding of QPE and the factors that influenced their constructs. Figurational sociology and the concepts of interdependence, habitus, and involvement and detachment, were used to inform the research and interpret the findings. It was found that teachers' accounts of QPE were largely informed by their individual and collective experiences and their personal 'philosophies' of physical education. With the exception of a recently introduced national curriculum for HPE, the teachers in this study did not use, or refer to, any evidence-based documents in forming their ideas about QPE. Further, they did not mention any recognised pedagogical approaches that they used in teaching QPE. The findings from this research are important, because 'everyday' or common-sense teacher understandings can negatively impact student learning and threaten the status and credibility of our profession. OI Pill, Shane/0000-0003-3970-6724 SN 1356-336X EI 1741-2749 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1210 DI 10.1177/1356336X18810714 UT WOS:000486166500017 ER PT J AU Blix, BH Berendonk, C Caine, V AF Blix, Bodil H. Berendonk, Charlotte Caine, Vera TI Theoretical foundations of narrative care: Turning towards relational ethics SO NURSING ETHICS AB In the past decades, narrative practices have been developed, and care has been conceptualized as being narrative in nature. More recently, narrative care has been developing both as a practice and a field of study. It is necessary to make the theoretical foundations of narrative care visible to avoid the risk of narrowly defining narrative care as a matter of storytelling and listening. In this article, we develop an understanding of narrative care grounded in early feminist pragmatist philosophy, with a focus on social and political activism and experience. Pragmatism holds the possibilities to open spaces for realities that are constantly in flux and for emergent situations that must be considered across time, diverse places and social contexts. With the aid of Vera's stories about her relationship with Tammy, we demonstrate the importance of recognizing that realities are multiple, complex and uncertain. Furthermore, we discuss how the stronghold of formula stories and issues of power, positioning and inequities, restrict people's possibilities to be, become and co-author their stories. We also argue that the playfulness, imagination and world travelling of narrative care are in line with early feminist pragmatism, which draws on a wide and diverse range of experiences. Jane Addams linked democracy to dialogue, joint experiences and social equality. This calls for the development of ethical frameworks grounded in care that are more specifically focused on relational ethics and a commitment to dialogical and relational democracy and the prioritization of community. OI Blix, Bodil H./0000-0002-1049-4636 SN 0969-7330 EI 1477-0989 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 26 IS 7-8 BP 1917 EP 1927 DI 10.1177/0969733018808079 UT WOS:000486024000003 PM 30411656 ER PT J AU Newnham, E Kirkham, M AF Newnham, Elizabeth Kirkham, Mavis TI Beyond autonomy: Care ethics for midwifery and the humanization of birth SO NURSING ETHICS AB The bioethical principle of respect for a person's bodily autonomy is central to biomedical and healthcare ethics. In this article, we argue that this concept of autonomy is often annulled in the maternity field, due to the maternal two-in-one body (and the obstetric focus on the foetus over the woman) and the history of medical paternalism in Western medicine and obstetrics. The principle of respect for autonomy has therefore become largely rhetorical, yet can hide all manner of unethical practice. We propose that large institutions that prioritize a midwife-institution relationship over a midwife-woman relationship are in themselves unethical and inimical to the midwifery philosophy of care. We suggest that a focus on care ethics has the potential to remedy these problems, by making power relationships visible and by prioritizing the relationship above abstract ethical principles. RI Newnham, Elizabeth/F-4574-2013 OI Newnham, Elizabeth/0000-0001-9080-769X SN 0969-7330 EI 1477-0989 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 26 IS 7-8 BP 2147 EP 2157 DI 10.1177/0969733018819119 UT WOS:000486024000023 PM 30638112 ER PT J AU Wheeler-Bell, Q AF Wheeler-Bell, Quentin TI Broken Glass: The Social Evil of Urban Poverty and a Critical Education SO EDUCATIONAL POLICY AB Ghettos are a social evil. They are social atrocities maintained by inexcusable racist laws and practices, structures of class domination, and institutionalized political marginalization. After Brown v. The Board of Education, educational reformers have increasingly (mis)framed the problem of "ghetto schools" as a failure to provide urban youth with the social and cultural capital to integrate into mainstream society. This integrationist approach is insufficient because it inadequately addresses the social evil of ghetto poverty. Instead, I argue, a critical education approach is morally more appropriate because it focuses on giving children the tools for transforming capitalism and racial domination. SN 0895-9048 EI 1552-3896 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1076 EP 1102 DI 10.1177/0895904818755467 UT WOS:000485272500005 ER PT J AU Andreoletti, M Teira, D AF Andreoletti, Mattia Teira, David TI Rules versus Standards: What Are the Costs of Epistemic Norms in Drug Regulation? SO SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY & HUMAN VALUES AB Over the last decade, philosophers of science have extensively criticized the epistemic superiority of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for testing safety and effectiveness of new drugs, defending instead various forms of evidential pluralism. We argue that scientific methods in regulatory decision-making cannot be assessed in epistemic terms only: there are costs involved. Drawing on the legal distinction between rules and standards, we show that drug regulation based on evidential pluralism has much higher costs than our current RCT-based system. We analyze these costs and advocate for evaluating any scheme for drug regulatory tests in terms of concrete empirical benchmarks, like the error rates of regulatory decisions. RI Andreoletti, Mattia/AAA-1738-2020 OI Andreoletti, Mattia/0000-0003-1880-0770; Teira, David/0000-0002-4551-2371 SN 0162-2439 EI 1552-8251 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1115 DI 10.1177/0162243919828070 UT WOS:000485321100008 ER PT J AU Insole, CJ AF Insole, Christopher J. TI Kant, Divinity and Autonomy SO STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN ETHICS AB I suggest that in Kant's conception of autonomy, we have a faithful variant of a perennial philosophical conception of divinity, distinctively re-configured by Kant's own preoccupations and system, but still recognisably oriented around some philosophical conceptions of the divine, which have their origins in deep classical wells, with dreams and memories of thought-thinking-itself, and joyously diffusing itself, generating plenitude and harmony. If this is correct, then we might find that the most interesting dialogue in the realm of 'public theology' is not necessarily between Christianity and secularism, but between Christianity and a latent pagan religious philosophy, that draws upon a perennial strand of Platonism in Western philosophy. SN 0953-9468 EI 1745-5235 PD NOV PY 2019 VL 32 IS 4 SI SI BP 470 EP 484 DI 10.1177/0953946819869168 UT WOS:000485283200004 ER PT J AU Chua, J AF Chua, Jude TI Physis, thaumazein and policy thinking: on another "time" to think educational policy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the mechanics of the neoliberal mindset is governed paradigmatically by a peculiar notion of "time," which leads, in turn, to a kind of amoral consequentialism that projects meaninglessly and amorally into the future. The author proposes, in comparison, the pre-modern and ancient sense of the temporal which has the potential to yield moral insights for guiding policy thinking. Design/methodology/approach The author employs a philosophical approach and historical approach. The authors analyze philosophically the notion of the temporal in the consequentialist neoliberal agency, and draws on continental, ancient and medieval philosophical sources of temporality to develop an alternative. Findings The author argues that a rich notion of the temporal can be retrieved from medieval sources. This notion of the temporal is located in our experience of changing embodied beings, or physis, and gives rise to thuamazein or awe, which shows moral insights. The latter is a valuable source of guidance in policy thinking. Research limitations/implications - This paper also suggests that epistemological commitment to an authority as numbers, feeding a policy as numbers, needs to be challenged. This paper does not draw on empirical data but nevertheless aspires to develop a thoughtful conceptual case on behalf of its conclusions. Practical implications - A moral, neoliberal consequentialism is harmful to professional agencies. This paper offers a different way to think policy that puts what truly matters in front of us. Social implications - Neoliberalism breeds the terrors of performativity that forgets what as a society we need to aim for on behalf of happiness, and instead drives us to compete without restraint after particular quantitative achievements. By challenging this paradigm, it is possible to offer policy thinking a different set of conceptual tools with which to think ourselves out of this performative irrationality. Originality/value This paper retrieves a medieval notion of time that is related with the showing of moral insights, opposed to amoral neoliberal consequentialism. In this way, there is a proposal of an alternative to neoliberalism, and not merely the worry of its damaging effects. It is also an original developmental study of Heidegger's retrieval of ancient philosophy's sense of temporality and its connection with ethics in the light of the resources in medieval philosophy. SN 2396-7404 EI 2309-4907 PD OCT 31 PY 2019 VL 21 IS 4 SI SI BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1108/IJCED-11-2018-0046 UT WOS:000495724200003 ER PT J AU Lorenzo, CM Ito, Y Kaku, S Mukaiguchi, T Ono, A AF Lorenzo, Clarissa Mozo Ito, Yasuyuki Kaku, Satoru Mukaiguchi, Takeshi Ono, Akihiko TI Historical study on the development of gated communities and its correlation with the barangay in the Philippines formed with European and American influences: Focused accounts of these community concepts from 16th century early settlements to 20th century postwar development SO JAPAN ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW AB This paper presents an introduction to gated communities in the Philippines and its correlation with another community concept: the barangay. In particular, we examine the historical context of the concept, with an overview of the physical, economic, political, and cultural characteristics of the Republic, to further understand the existing urban landscape. This paper begins with the definitions of the term "gated community," and then presents notions of its origins, offering an explanation of the foundations on which the system was instituted in the country. This paper focuses on an aspect of architecture and cities that is foreign to some parts of the world but well-established in others. Each nation in the world has its own deep history, with many societies having parallel beginnings. Existing in different continents and separated by vast seas, and then living through analogous occurrences and reaching identical philosophies, much can be deduced and discovered to assist in the progress of our own cultures. OI , clarissa/0000-0002-9089-9210 SN 2475-8876 PD JAN PY 2020 VL 3 IS 1 BP 44 EP 61 DI 10.1002/2475-8876.12130 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493964300001 ER PT J AU Hirst, CS White, S Siek, T Gasparik, A AF Hirst, Cara Stella White, S. Siek, T. Gasparik, A. TI Honeycomb sterna: an unusual case of a developmental abnormality in the sternum SO SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY AB This report details an unusual case of a human sternal developmental abnormality of an anatomical specimen part of the skeletal collection curated by University College London, Anthropology Department skeletal collection. This rarely reported developmental abnormality is caused by the non-fusion of lateral ossification centres in the sternebrae, resulting in the mesosternum having a honeycomb-like appearance. Sternal defects are typically underreported in the clinical literature as many cases being asymptomatic that they are typically diagnosed incidentally, as such there is a dearth in our current understanding of the development and anatomical variants of the sternum. Although in recent years, large-scale CT studies have investigated the prevalence of sternal developmental abnormalities, these studies have not reported sternal defects similar to the individual presented in this report. While most sternal defects are clinically uneventful, the lack of awareness of these variants can result in misinterpretation of radiological and pathological findings as such an understanding of anatomical variants even when asymptomatic is vital. SN 0930-1038 EI 1279-8517 DI 10.1007/s00276-019-02350-4 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493477300001 PM 31673764 ER PT J AU Roche, G AF Roche, Gerald TI Articulating language oppression: colonialism, coloniality and the erasure of Tibet's minority languages SO PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE AB Roche's article discusses 'language oppression' as a form of domination that is coherent with other forms of oppression along the lines of 'race', nation, colour and ethnicity. Scholars have defined language oppression as the 'enforcement of language loss by physical, mental, social and spiritual coercion'. It is part of an evolving suite of concepts from linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology that examines issues of language discrimination, or 'linguicism'. Roche explores one aspect of linguicism-language erasure-and how it relates to language oppression, focusing on Tibetans in the People's Republic of China (PRC). He examines how language oppression is produced through practices of erasure: the ways in which certain populations and their languages are systematically rendered discursively invisible. He argues that the erasure of certain languages in the Tibetan context is systematically reproduced by two otherwise opposed political projects: the colonial project of the PRC state; and the international Tibet movement that seeks to resist it. He refers to the contingent cooperation between these two opposed projects as 'articulated oppression'. In concluding the article he examines how the disarticulation of this oppression is a necessary condition for the emancipation of Tibet's minority languages, and discusses the broader significance of this study for understanding language oppression, and its relation to other forms of oppression. OI Roche, Gerald/0000-0002-2410-351X SN 0031-322X EI 1461-7331 PD OCT 20 PY 2019 VL 53 IS 5 BP 487 EP 514 DI 10.1080/0031322X.2019.1662074 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493132600001 ER PT J AU Moen, KM Westlie, K Gerdin, G Smith, W Linner, S Philpot, R Schenker, K Larsson, L AF Moen, Kjersti Mordal Westlie, Knut Gerdin, Goran Smith, Wayne Linner, Susanne Philpot, Rod Schenker, Katarina Larsson, Lena TI Caring teaching and the complexity of building good relationships as pedagogies for social justice in health and physical education SO SPORT EDUCATION AND SOCIETY AB The Health and Physical Education (HPE) profession has increasingly advocated for caring teacher-student relationships. In this paper, we draw on data from an international research project called 'EDUHEALTH' [Education for Equitable Health Outcomes - The Promise of School Health and Physical Education] to explore caring teaching and the complexity of building good relationships as pedagogies for social justice in HPE. The data reported on in this paper were generated through 20 HPE lesson observations and interviews with 13 HPE teachers across schools in Sweden, Norway and New Zealand. In our analysis of the data, we employed Nel Noddings 'Care Theory' [(1984. Caring, a feminine approach to ethics & moral education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 1997). Pedagogisk filosofi [Philosophy of education]. Oslo: Ad Notam Gyldendal] to study the constitution of relationships and caring teaching in HPE practice. The findings demonstrate that caring teaching is inevitably built on developing good relationships, and that developing such good relationships is a complex process influenced by three key elements. First, teachers have to develop knowledge about their students on a societal, group and personal level; second, teachers have to reflect on the individual, environmental and relational aspects required for building good relationships; and third, teachers have to implement caring teaching strategies, such as planning, caring actions and doing 'the little things'. Drawing on Nodding's care theory, we conclude that pedagogies for social justice are enacted when teachers use their own knowledge and knowledge about the students, together with reflection and caring teaching strategies, to arrange a learning environment that promotes inclusion and equitable outcomes for all students. OI Gerdin, Goran/0000-0003-2922-1993 SN 1357-3322 EI 1470-1243 DI 10.1080/13573322.2019.1683535 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493228500001 ER PT J AU Shryock, A AF Shryock, Andrew TI Rites of Return: Back to the Mediterranean, again SO HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY AB The idea of 'returning' to the Mediterranean dates back to the earliest attempts to formulate a distinct anthropology of the region. Why is this? Certain approaches to the Mediterranean are durable for good reasons; familiarity with them can help us avoid the unwitting recursion of stereotypical frames without simply dismissing important work done in the past or implying that new work is unrelated to older approaches. Contemporary forms of mobility (of people, information, and commodities) are reshaping the Mediterranean, necessitating alternative, multi-scalar approaches to hospitality, honour, patronage, religious pluralism, European boundary-making and other well-established topics. Attention to mobility requires new modes of analysis, and the essays in this issue are especially good at showing the connections between cultural processes that unfold in different locations, at different scales, and with different audiences in mind. Returning to the Mediterranean on these terms might take us places that are genuinely new to anthropology. SN 0275-7206 EI 1477-2612 DI 10.1080/02757206.2019.1684273 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000496576200001 ER PT J AU Lianeri, A AF Lianeri, Alexandra TI Impure temporalities in the history of political philosophy: the historiography of demokratia in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain SO BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AB Building on Bernard Williams' thesis about the intertwining of history and political philosophy, the essay explores how the problem of the history of demokratia after the late-eighteenth and over the nineteenth-century in Britain constituted a primary and critical field in which the philosophical meaning of democracy was debated. Configuring a new temporal perspective grounded in the relationship between ancient and modern democracy, historiographical works by John Gillies, William Mitford, and George Grote put forth an understanding of the concept as a battlefield, involving several conflicting meanings, narratives and historical forces. This historiographical tradition highlighted the tensions underpinning the definition of democracy in the long-term temporal frame linking antiquity and modernity. So even more than contemporary philosophical and political writings, historical understanding constituted a unique concept of democracy that both concentrated and dispersed meaning; it was not just one vision of democracy, among others, but one that acquired the paradoxical power to forge some semantic stability and coherence over time, and to accentuate the threat of the concept's break up into distinct political premises and historical moments that constituted it. SN 0960-8788 EI 1469-3526 DI 10.1080/09608788.2019.1667293 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000494509000001 ER PT J AU Moses, MS Wiley, KE AF Moses, Michele S. Wiley, Kathryn E. TI Social Context Matters: Bridging Philosophy and Sociology to Strengthen Conceptual Foundations for College Access Research SO AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL AB Scholars in distinct academic disciplines may examine the same or similar phenomena, often relying on concepts that are well known within each discipline. In this article, we examine two related sociological concepts-capital and adaptive preferences-each used to explain young people's choices and aspirations. We make the case that integrating the philosophical concept of the "social context of choice" into analyses using "capital" or "adaptive preferences" provides an interdisciplinary approach to analyses of underrepresented students' educational choices and aspirations in higher education, beyond what each concept provides alone. We ground our philosophical examination in data from a 2-year empirical study of an educational access and outreach program for low-income students. SN 0002-8312 EI 1935-1011 AR UNSP 0002831219883587 DI 10.3102/0002831219883587 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493882600001 ER PT J AU Mahon, A AF Mahon, Aine TI Towards a higher education: Contemplation, compassion, and the ethics of slowing down SO EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY AB The Slow Professor: Challenging the Culture of Speed in the Academy was published in 2016 to critical acclaim. Rejecting outright the marketisation of the modern university, the book proposed a countercultural approach which denounced the seductive imperatives to overwork and competition and called on academics to make a more deliberate moral choice. In this paper, I critically engage with The Slow Professor's ethical vision. I draw on the work of writers Sally Rooney, John Williams and David Foster Wallace in careful exploration of 'slowness' and its cognate terms. I am interested not only in the importance of slowness for university academics but for students in the 21st century university. These students, as pointed out recently by Bruce Macfarlane, are made to carry a plethora of conflicting identities and yet it is perhaps more important that we begin to demand less of our students and not more. Thus, in an era of audit and accountability, this paper explores the possibilities for a less frenetic approach to university teaching and learning. SN 0013-1857 EI 1469-5812 DI 10.1080/00131857.2019.1683826 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000494058400001 ER PT J AU Mills, C Lacroix, K AF Mills, China Lacroix, Kimberly TI Reflections on doing training for the World Health Organization's mental health gap action program intervention guide (mhGAP-IG) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AB The World Health Organization's (WHO) mhGAP-Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG), is a tool designed for non-specialists to detect, diagnose and manage common mental disorders. In this paper we specifically focus on how the mhGAP-IG is understood and used in the training of non-specialists - as part of a task-sharing strategy key to scaling up mental health in LMICs. Specifically, this paper is interested in how mhGAP training enacts pedagogic modes of address that invite, enact and circulate particular ways of knowing and doing mental health. Despite being highly scripted, we cannot know from the mhGAP training manuals how training actually takes place in practice, or about whether local contextual epistemologies of distress are able to interrupt or resist universal tools. This is important because while the IG and its training may be designed for expansion and global use, this doesn't tell us much about how they are actually used, enacted, appropriated, or resisted around the world. The research detailed here draws upon interviews with people involved in designing the mhGAP-IG and/or delivering training, and focuses on moments when training takes off or diverts from the script. The data detailed here shows instances when people's own philosophies of life and understandings of distress shape the training they deliver. Instead of assuming that universal tools such as mhGAP enact top-down medicalization, we attend to the complex practices engendered by mhGAP and the nuances of local adaptation. SN 0020-7411 EI 1557-9328 DI 10.1080/00207411.2019.1683681 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000494004800001 ER PT J AU Skrypchuk, L Langdon, P Sawyer, B Clarkson, PJ AF Skrypchuk, Lee Langdon, Pat Sawyer, Ben D. Clarkson, P. John TI Unconstrained design: improving multitasking with in-vehicle information systems through enhanced situation awareness SO THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE AB In the age of information, in-vehicle multitasking is inevitable. The popularity of the automobile, in combination with the present information age, create a growing demand to do more in-vehicle than simply focus on the road. Unconstrained Design, a philosophy which supports rather than constrains multitasking, is proposed as a path toward enhancing performance in-vehicle. Situation Awareness (SA), a theory allowing designers to understand how operators interact in dynamic, complex environments, is used to frame this experimental investigation. Two SA-grounded human-machine interface concepts are proposed, designed to support drivers to multitask in-vehicle when frequent task switching is required. The first focuses upon supporting preparation for a Non-Driving Related Activity (NDRA), and the second upon supporting the Driving Related Activity (DRA) when an NDRA is active. While multitasking, Contextual Cueing, using a Head-up Display, produced significant reductions in NDRA response time, while an auditory lane keeping aid increased the amount of time a driver spent in the central region of a lane. The combined evidence suggests that using SA and Unconstrained Design to create of IVIS that support drivers' ability to multitask in-vehicle can lead to task performance improvements. RI Skrypchuk, Lee/AAF-3614-2019 OI Skrypchuk, Lee/0000-0002-9619-6161 SN 1463-922X EI 1464-536X DI 10.1080/1463922X.2019.1680763 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493993900001 ER PT J AU Yakubu, Y AF Yakubu, Yussif TI Definite Descriptions in Argument: Gettier's Ten-Coins Example SO ARGUMENTATION AB In this article, I use Edmund Gettier's Ten Coins hypothetical scenario to illustrate some reasoning errors in the use of definite descriptions. The Gettier problem, central as it is to modern epistemology, is first and foremost an argument, which Gettier (Analysis 23(6):121-123, 1963) constructs to prove a contrary conclusion to a widely held view in epistemology. Whereas the epistemological claims in the case have been extensively analysed conceptually, the strategies and tools from other philosophical disciplines such as analytic philosophy of language, logic and argumentation that Gettier deploys in the case have scarcely received any attention. This work abstracts from the epistemological content and examines Gettier's handling of the definite description involved, and how that affects the cogency of his argument. SN 0920-427X EI 1572-8374 DI 10.1007/s10503-019-09507-w EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493367500001 ER PT J AU Dubeau, M AF Dubeau, Mathieu TI Species-being for whom? The five faces of interspecies oppression SO CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL THEORY AB There is now an awakening to and recognition of the emotionally complex lives of some non-human animals. While their forms of consciousness may vary, some are indeed conscious and deserve political consideration. What that political consideration ought to be is the central topic of this article. First, I argue that interspecies justice must be understood in terms of the relationships that foster individual flourishing of all concerned. The obstacles to such flourishing are the five faces of oppression famously identified by Iris Marion Young: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. By extending Young's concept of the social group to intra- and interspecies groups, we become more attuned to differences between and among species. Theorizing the existence of interspecies groups brings forward new avenues to explore oppression and simultaneously theorize its opposite - interspecies justice. Second, I argue that a positive theory of interspecies flourishing (for human and non-human alike) can be developed on the basis of Marx's materialist philosophy and reclamation of species-being. Though Marx uses humanist language throughout the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, attention to his methodological commitments reveals that some non-human animals can no longer be excluded from the capability of flourishing and species-being. Some non-human animals are conscious, act purposefully, and labor creatively and must be included in our circle of moral and political concern. SN 1470-8914 EI 1476-9336 DI 10.1057/s41296-019-00363-7 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493361900001 ER PT J AU Vlerick, M AF Vlerick, Michael TI A cognitive perspective on scientific realism SO PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY AB The debate about scientific realism is concerned with the relation between our scientific theories and the world. Scientific realists argue that our best theories or components of those theories correspond to the world. Anti-realists deny such a correspondence. Traditionally, this central issue in the philosophy of science has been approached by focusing on the theories themselves (e.g., by looking at theory change or the underlying experimental context). I propose a relatively unexplored way to approach this old debate. In addition to focusing on the theory, we should focus on the theorizer. More precisely, in order to determine on which component of a theory we should hinge a realist commitment, we should analyze the cognitive processes underlying scientific theorizing. In this paper I do just that. Drawing from recent developments in the cognitive sciences and evolutionary epistemology, I formulate some tentative conclusions. The aim of this paper is not so much to defend a particular position in the debate on scientific realism but to showcase the value of taking a cognitive perspective in the debate. OI Vlerick, Michael/0000-0002-0664-1509 SN 0951-5089 EI 1465-394X DI 10.1080/09515089.2019.1680824 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492897200001 ER PT J AU Staples, J AF Staples, James TI Blurring Bovine Boundaries: Cow Politics and the Everyday in South India SO SOUTH ASIA-JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES AB Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with butchers, cattle traders and beef eaters in South India, the aims of this paper are twofold. Firstly, it challenges two dominant assumptions made in respect of cattle slaughter and beef consumption in South Asia: one, that the beef trade directly concerns only Muslims, Dalits, Adivasis and Christians, and two, that respect for cattle is the near sole preserve of upper-caste Hindus. Secondly, given the strength of the empirical evidence against these two assumptions, it considers how such a stark framing of the debates along caste and communal lines has been sustained so successfully and for so long. Using insights from the anthropology of ignorance-to which this article makes a unique contribution-I argue that part of the answer lies in the strategic acts of not knowing what goes on at particular junctures along the chain from the cowshed to the dinner plate, which a number of different actors are complicit in working to maintain. OI Staples, James/0000-0002-2648-8636 SN 0085-6401 EI 1479-0270 DI 10.1080/00856401.2019.1669951 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000494999900001 ER PT J AU Padjen, IL AF Padjen, Ivan L. TI Systematic Interpretation and the Re-systematization of Law: The Problem, Co-requisites, a Solution, Use SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE SEMIOTICS OF LAW-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE SEMIOTIQUE JURIDIQUE AB A renewed search for legal certainty is a reaction to the preponderance of judge made law, which has been in turn prompted by the democratic deficit of the EU and the impact of Anglo-American law. The problem is that the search is oblivious to both systematic interpretation and the need of re-systematization of law. The paper defines systematic interpretation, relates the definition to standard French and German conceptions, indicates the room for systematic interpretation in Anglo-American laws, and states prima facie reasons for a re-systematization of law as a prerequisite of systematic interpretation. The problem cannot be appreciated outside its proper context. It is a disregard for causation and evaluation. Hence the paper outlines Aristotle's understanding of causation and evaluation in his presentation of phronesis, reconsiders continental European legal thought in the light of Aristotle's presentation, and offers policy-oriented jurisprudence as a remedy to the deficit of evaluation and causation in European legal thought. A solution to the problem offers a typology of criteria and clarifies positive and fundamental legal concepts, positive and fundamental criteria of systematization, and the place of criteria in knowledge of law. The usefulness of the criteria is demonstrated by a common approach to the systematization of law and an alternative diagnosis of a defect of systematization diagnosed by an authority in history and philosophy of law rather than legal theory. SN 0952-8059 EI 1572-8722 DI 10.1007/s11196-019-09672-x EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493330300003 ER PT J AU Bhui, R Chudek, M Henrich, J AF Bhui, Rahul Chudek, Maciej Henrich, Joseph TI Work time and market integration in the original affluent society SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB Does integration into commercial markets lead people to work longer hours? Does this mean that people in more subsistence-oriented societies work less compared to those in more market-integrated societies? Despite their venerable status in both anthropology and economic history, these questions have been difficult to address due to a dearth of appropriate data. Here, we tackle the issue by combining high-quality time allocation datasets from 8 small-scale populations around the world (45,019 observations of 863 adults) with similar aggregate data from 14 industrialized (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. Both within and across societies, we find evidence of a positive correlation between work time and market engagement for men, although not for women. Shifting to fully commercial labor is associated with an increase in men's work from around 45 h per week to 55 h, on average; women's work remains at nearly 55 h per week across the spectrum. These results inform us about the socioeconomic determinants of time allocation across a wider range of human societies. SN 0027-8424 PD OCT 29 PY 2019 VL 116 IS 44 BP 22100 EP 22105 DI 10.1073/pnas.1906196116 UT WOS:000493720200028 PM 31611416 ER PT J AU Parlaktas, V Tanik, E Babaarslan, N Calik, GB AF Parlaktas, Volkan Tanik, Engin Babaarslan, Nahit Calik, Goktug Burak TI The Design and Manufacturing Process of an Electric Sport Car (EVT S1) Chassis SO IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AB Nowadays, electric vehicles are becoming more popular day by day. Prototypes of such vehicles are being built extensively; however, cost of them is usually very high. This study presents novel approaches for design and manufacturing of an electric vehicle chassis and its fixtures with very low cost. The chassis is tub type and its original structure is formed regarding manufacturing simplicity, lightness, robustness, and low cost. This novel chassis is formed by planar and simple aluminum profiles that are readily available in stocks of producers. The design philosophy of the chassis is discussed in detail. Finite element analyses of the chassis are adopted for various crash impact loading scenarios and torsional rigidity. Also, original fixture designs for low-cost manufacturing are introduced in this study. Manufacturing cost of the chassis, fixtures, and the vehicle is presented. After road tests, the results are presented and discussed. It is evidenced that a lightweight and low-cost chassis built from simple planar parts may perform very well. Electric vehicles possessing such simple and robust chassis may be popular due to the manufacturing advantages against today's extremely complex designs. RI Parlaktas, Volkan/G-6148-2013 OI Parlaktas, Volkan/0000-0002-6887-4893 SN 2228-6187 EI 2364-1835 DI 10.1007/s40997-019-00328-6 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492943200002 ER PT J AU Stotts, MH AF Stotts, Megan Henricks TI Behavioral Foundations for Expression Meaning SO TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AB According to a well-established tradition in the philosophy of language, we can understand what makes an arbitrary sound, gesture, or marking into a meaningful linguistic expression only by appealing to mental states, such as beliefs and intentions. In this paper, I explore the contrasting possibility of understanding the meaningfulness of linguistic expressions just in terms of observable linguistic behavior. Specifically, I explore the view that a type of sound (or other item) becomes a meaningful linguistic expression within a group in virtue of the production of that type of item becoming that group's widespread, copied way of getting others to involve an object or relation in their activity. After discussing a preliminary version of the view, I develop it in response to some key concerns about whether it really does, as a matter of fact, eschew mental states, and about its adequacy as an account of linguistic meaning. SN 0167-7411 EI 1572-8749 DI 10.1007/s11245-019-09675-0 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493256200001 ER PT J AU Maniglier, P AF Maniglier, Patrice TI Problem and Structure: Bachelard, Deleuze and Transdisciplinarity SO THEORY CULTURE & SOCIETY AB The concept of 'problem' has been recently promoted by the official academic institutions and put at the centre of a new field of research, self-styled 'transdisciplinary studies', in order to provide a foundation to a resolutely transdisciplinary approach to research and thought in general. The paper notes that the same move (i.e. connecting a problem-centred approach to thought with transdisciplinary method) can be found in Deleuze's philosophy, which provides us with what the technocratic image of thought advocated by transdisciplinary studies ultimately cannot provide: a positive concept of problems where those are not negative moments but originary and active matrices of thought. It then argues that Deleuze owes this concept to the French epistemological tradition, and more specifically to Bachelard, where it is nothing other than the concept of structure. It ends by explicating what particular version of structuralism Deleuze was thus led to construct in order to account for the role of problems in a radically transdisciplinary account of thought: it is the fact that all structures are multi-structured that grounds the essentially transdisciplinary nature of thought. The fact that we could think differently is precisely what makes us think. SN 0263-2764 EI 1460-3616 AR UNSP 0263276419878245 DI 10.1177/0263276419878245 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493249600001 ER PT J AU Beukes, J AF Beukes, Johann TI The philosophical output of Heloise d'Argenteuil SO HTS TEOLOGIESE STUDIES-THEOLOGICAL STUDIES AB This article attempts to deconstruct the overhyped erotic relationship between the philosopher-monk Peter Abelard (1079-1142) and philosopher-nun Heloise d'Argenteuil (ca. 1100-1164), by surveying Heloise's extant texts (Epistolae duorum amantium, Epistolae Heloissae and Problemata Heloissae) as such, isolating three themes in her philosophical output: her concept of Cicerian love, her criticism of marriage and her notion of moral and material responsibility, which includes her understanding of an ethics of attitude and intention. When Heloise is read against the grain of the standardised Abelard-reception (which holds Heloise as at best a productive correspondent of Abelard, yet a mere muse for his extensive academic output), she is brought into perspective as an independent thin ker, who deserves more intellectual respect than to be caricaturised as either Abelard's secret young lover, or his unwilling wife. When her texts are read as independent outputs, albeit often in the form of correspondence, she steps forward as the 'first female philosopher of the Middle Ages'. Her relationship with Abelard, important as it was for both of them, is secondary to her standing as a philosopher proper. OI Beukes, Johann/0000-0001-9354-4530 SN 0259-9422 EI 2072-8050 PD OCT 28 PY 2019 VL 75 IS 4 AR a5281 DI 10.4102/hts.v75i4.5281 UT WOS:000493195200001 ER PT J AU Xu, XW Burton, CM Plaks, JE AF Xu, Xiaowen Burton, Caitlin M. Plaks, Jason E. TI Distinct types of conservative attitudes mediate the link between media preference and presidential candidate endorsement SO MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY AB Do mass media preferences help to shape specific political attitudes and voting preferences? In two studies, participants completed measures of media genre preferences, three distinct dimensions of political attitudes, and political candidate endorsement (Study 2 only). We found that higher liking of Active (e.g., action films, adventure books) and Masculine genres (e.g., sports TV, business books), and higher disliking of Cerebral (e.g., classical music, philosophy books) and Alternative genres (e.g., punk music, horror films) predicted endorsement of a dimension of conservatism that emphasizes libertarian independence. Preference for Communal genres (e.g., family films, soap opera TV) and dislike toward Alternative genres predicted endorsement of a second dimension of conservatism that emphasizes religious traditionalism. Preference for Communal, Active, and Masculine genres, and dislike toward Cerebral genres, predicted a third dimension of conservatism that emphasizes ethnic separateness. Study 2 found that these distinct dimensions of conservatism mediated the links between media preferences and endorsement for political candidates in the 2016 US election. Further analyses provided evidence against an alternative pathway in which media preferences mediate the link between conservatism and candidate endorsement. Taken together, these findings suggest that preference for distinct genres of media encourages distinct types of political attitudes. SN 1521-3269 EI 1532-785X DI 10.1080/15213269.2019.1679188 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492712700001 ER PT J AU Wandera, DB AF Wandera, David B. TI Resisting Epistemic Blackout: Illustrating Afrocentric Methodology in a Kenyan Classroom SO READING RESEARCH QUARTERLY AB This article is based on the assumption that indigenous communities have a capacity to generate knowledge, and this capacity is largely underutilized or peripheralized in mainstream research. In this empirical qualitative study, the author makes a case for employing local non-Western analytic tools, in addition to Western analytic tools, to develop a fuller understanding of literacy practices in non-Western spaces. Through an interepistemic synergy approach, the author employed indexicality and interactional sociolinguistics on the one hand and Afrocentric methodology on the other hand in analyzing data produced in a grades 5 and 9 literacy collaboration in Nairobi, Kenya. This study illustrates deeper understandings of data on language use that scholars of language and literacy might derive through taking up an interepistemic synergy approach. Such understandings include tracking how multilingual speakers in postcolonial spaces modulate power imbalance and navigate layers of cross linguistic coevocation informed by contested ideologies and worldviews. The analysis also spotlights how local fingerprints of multilingualism and multiethnicity endure in written text in spite of language surveillance in a Standard Kenyan English-dominated classroom space. Taken together, these understandings cast a unique local aspect on language and literacy practices that goes beyond an emic-etic approach. Most crucially, this article is an illustrative resource for scholars and other stakeholders to address the existing epistemic imbalance that manifests through overrepresentation of Western(ized) analytic tools in constituting the metalanguage for analyzing data on language and literacy. SN 0034-0553 EI 1936-2722 DI 10.1002/rrq.283 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492833100001 ER PT J AU Karwat, DMA AF Karwat, Darshan M. A. TI Self-reflection for Activist Engineering SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS AB Many blame politicians, governments, and markets for the technically-driven problems the world faces (think war, climate change, surveillance, disinformation, and so on). But why is it that there are almost always engineers and corporations willing to design and build the technologies that cause those problems, many times in spite of knowing about the negative consequences of those technologies? I offer in this paper practical guidance on how to engage in activist engineering, the goal of which is to get engineers to step back from their work and be able to ask and have a conversation about the question, "What is the real problem, and does this problem 'require' an engineering solution?" Building on research in the history and philosophy of engineering, and engineering ethics and education, as well as current events-all of which highlight important issues of debate within engineering practice-I provide a list of questions that engineers can start with for self-reflection to better understand their motivations for doing engineering work, and to better understand the implications of their work. The questions relate to considerations engineers must make regarding the social, environmental, economic, and peace implications of their work, and relate to alternative and non-technical interventions to the problem at hand. I believe that each engineer should, in the end, be able to answer the questions: Why am I an engineer? For whose benefit do I work? What is the full measure of my moral and social responsibility? SN 1353-3452 EI 1471-5546 DI 10.1007/s11948-019-00150-y EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492935200001 PM 31659598 ER PT J AU Lawrenz, J AF Lawrenz, Jurgen TI Music and the Aesthetic Copernican Revolution of the Eighteenth Century SO EUROPEAN LEGACY-TOWARD NEW PARADIGMS AB In the mid-eighteenth century music underwent a sudden and drastic revolution when composers "discovered" a new dimension to their art. This had immense repercussions on the philosophy of art, for the music created before and after this divide represents two different species of aesthetic experience, which in due course affected our understanding of the meaning and import of the other arts as well. Despite the immense aesthetic repercussions of this Copernican revolution in music, philosophers of art seem not to have taken much notice of it. This essay details the emergence of the relevant musical criteria during the eighteenth century and dwells on their long-term impacts on the philosophy of art. SN 1084-8770 EI 1470-1316 DI 10.1080/10848770.2019.1681179 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492812800001 ER PT J AU Zea, E AF Zea, Elias TI Compressed sensing of impulse responses in rooms of unknown properties and contents SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION AB This paper introduces a method to recover unmeasured room impulse responses (RIRs) in acoustical spaces with unknown properties and contents, by means of a compressed sensing methodology. Methods published in the existing literature have been validated in empty, convex rooms; a limited subset of the many, diverse acoustical spaces one can encounter. It results a challenge to represent such diverse wave phenomena with a sparse set of plane waves or equivalent sources, given the coupling between the sparsity of such representations and hypotheses regarding the properties of the acoustical space and its contents, far-field measurement distances, and other parameters. In contrast to this philosophy, the method introduced in this paper exploits the sparsity inherent to the mathematical structure of the wavefronts present in the RIRs, which without further hypotheses carry themselves all the information about the wave propagation in the room. In essence, the measured RIRs are instead represented with a sparse set of curved elementary functions of various sizes, propagation directions and times of arrival, which are linked with the various shapes and locations of the unknown scatterers and boundaries in the room. The main contribution of this work is thus to enable the measurement of RIRs in more complex acoustical spaces, while keeping the number of microphones to a minimum with the use of compressed sensing. The method is formulated as a sparse optimization problem, and the solution is obtained with an iterative thresholding algorithm whose threshold value is determined from the measurements. An analysis of sensing coherence is included, and the performance of the method is experimentally evaluated with 1D microphone array measurements in two lecture rooms and one meeting room. For the sake of comparison, the RIRs are also linearly interpolated using a low-pass filter in the wavenumber-frequency domain. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior than linear interpolation in all the cases investigated, motivating further development of the method to higher spatial dimensions. In terms of accuracy, the proposed method attains recovery errors in the same order of magnitude as those attained by methods in the literature, yet here the acoustical spaces have arbitrary contents and exhibit more complex geometries and boundary conditions. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 PD OCT 27 PY 2019 VL 459 AR UNSP 114871 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2019.114871 UT WOS:000481404000010 ER PT J AU Schlehe, J Yulianto, VI AF Schlehe, Judith Yulianto, Vissia Ita TI An anthropology of waste Morality and social mobilisation in Java SO INDONESIA AND THE MALAY WORLD AB This article discusses plastic and other solid household waste in both rural and urban Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Special Region of Yogyakarta) and integrates several practical and theoretical perspectives in its analysis. An exploration of the everyday littering practices of the Javanese people is combined with analysis of their particular ways of relating to the environment. This study reveals that an abstract notion of nature is not seen as crucial by most actors. Rather, what counts for individuals is their immediate social environment. Government officials are increasing efforts to raise awareness of the issues at hand, and to encourage citizens to sort household waste and to recycle. However, bottom-up initiatives such as community-based 'waste banks', communal clean-ups and 'recycle fashion' street carnivals that address various social, economic, and emotional aspects of waste have proven much more efficient. Thus, a tentative path to transform the waste problem that, in the authors' perspective, challenges the notions of growth, modernisation, and human-nonhuman relations is seen in Java in the mobilisation of the local, social and moral world. However, it is not certain that this will generate a less consumptive lifestyle leading to the much needed reduction of waste. SN 1363-9811 EI 1469-8382 DI 10.1080/13639811.2019.1654225 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493141300001 ER PT J AU Rakhra, D AF Rakhra, Dylan TI The dental anomaly: how and why dental caries and periodontitis are phenomenologically atypical SO PHILOSOPHY ETHICS AND HUMANITIES IN MEDICINE AB Background Despite their shared origins, medicine and dentistry are not always two sides of the same coin. There is a long history in medical philosophy of defining disease and various medical models have come into existence. Hitherto, little philosophical and phenomenological work has been done considering dental caries and periodontitis as examples of disease and illness. Methods A philosophical methodology is employed to explore how we might define dental caries and periodontitis using classical medical models of disease - the naturalistic and normativist. We identify shared threads and highlight how the features of these highly prevalent dental diseases prevent them fitting in either definition. The article describes phenomenology and the current thought around the phenomenology of illness, exploring how and why these dental illnesses might integrate into a phenomenological model. Results We discover that there are some features particular to dental caries and periodontitis: ubiquity, preventability and hyper-monitorablility. Understanding the differences that these dental diseases have compared to many other classically studied diseases leads us to ethical questions concerning how we might manage those who have symptoms and seek treatment. As dental caries and periodontitis are common, preventable and hyper-monitorable, it is suggested that these features affect the phenomenology of these illnesses. For example, if we experience dental illness when we have consciously made decisions that have led to it, do we experience them differently to those rarer illnesses that we cannot expect? Other diseases share these features are discussed. Conclusions This paper highlights the central differences between the classical philosophical notion of disease in medicine and the dental examples of caries and periodontitis. It suggests that a philosophical method of conceptualising medical illness - phenomenology - should not be applied to these dental illnesses without thought. A phenomenological analysis of any dental illness is yet to be done and this paper highlights why a separate strand of phenomenology should be explored, instead of employing those that are extant. The article concludes with suggestions for further research into the nascent field of the phenomenology of dental illness and aims to act as a springboard to expose the dental sphere to this philosophical method of analysis. SN 1747-5341 PD OCT 26 PY 2019 VL 14 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1186/s13010-019-0084-5 UT WOS:000493122000001 PM 31655613 ER PT J AU Nanay, B AF Nanay, Bence TI Entity Realism About Mental Representations SO ERKENNTNIS AB The concept of mental representation has long been considered to be central concept of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. But not everyone agrees. Neo-behaviorists aim to explain the mind (or some subset thereof) without positing any representations. My aim here is not to assess the merits and demerits of neo-behaviorism, but to take their challenge seriously and ask the question: What justifies the attribution of representations to an agent? Both representationalists and neo-behaviorists tend to take it for granted that the real question about representations is whether we should be realist about the theory of representationalism. This paper is an attempt to shift the emphasis from the debate concerning realism about theories to the one concerning realism about entities. My claim is that regardless of whether we are realist about representational theories of the mind, we have compelling reasons to endorse entity realism about mental representations. SN 0165-0106 EI 1572-8420 DI 10.1007/s10670-019-00185-4 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492645100001 ER PT J AU Barthold, C AF Barthold, Charles TI Etienne Balibar in Conversation: Revisiting European Marxism SO THEORY CULTURE & SOCIETY AB In this interview, Balibar provides a number of reflections on the articulation of different Marxist traditions, including Italian Marxism and the Neue Marx Lekture, to his own Althusserian position. Similarly, he comments on his relationship to the readings of French theory upon Marx's oeuvre. He further develops an analysis of the contemporary challenges posed by capitalism - and its different crises - to critical theory, social sciences and social movements. Then, he argues that financialization and the Anthropocene are central issues. He concludes with thoughts on internationalism and citizenship, which he believes to be indispensable political elements in order to conceptualize resistance in this crisis context. SN 0263-2764 EI 1460-3616 PD DEC PY 2019 VL 36 IS 7-8 BP 231 EP 247 AR UNSP 0263276419877955 DI 10.1177/0263276419877955 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492666800001 ER PT J AU Menezes, W AF Menezes, Walter TI The Fading Boundaries of Analysis and Speculation in the Vivekacudama?i: An Argument Recognising Advaita as a Philosophy in Praxis SO JOURNAL OF INDIAN COUNCIL OF PHILOSOPHICAL RESEARCH AB The recent scholarship on Advaita testifies that the epistemology of Advaita Vedanta is of a special sort that warrants a philosophical process of analysis and speculation in its quest for ultimate knowledge. The aim of this paper is to make a case in favour of Advaita as a philosophy than a theological enterprise and address the philosophical process required to reach the zenith of Advaita Philosophy. This would in turn give Advaita its own identity as a perennial philosophy in praxis than to hide its uniqueness under the garb of a religion or philosophy by any other standards. The first part of this paper attempts to clarify the notion of philosophy and religion and their mutual interdependence in the system of Advaita. The second part of the paper discusses the significance of language, culture, and religion, and their subsequent sublation (tulavidya) as a useful tool in enabling a state of mind unfettered from hallucinations and superimpositions that is essential for undertaking uninterrupted meditative reflections. The third part of the paper refutes any suggestion that Advaita is a religious enterprise by highlighting its philosophical significance through its analytic-deductive model as an essential contribution for attaining self-realisation. The fourth part of the paper refutes the suggestion that Advaita is merely an analytical philosophy and points out the importance of speculative element in the advanced state as a necessary substitute for analysis. The fifth part of this paper, as the conclusion, argues that though the initial path of enquiry in Advaita is somewhat loaded with religio-cultural connotations and symbols, in the later phase it is transcended and overwhelmingly identified with the methods of analysis and speculation. To sum up, the philosophical significance of Advaita significantly gains prominence than its religious counterpart, namely theology. SN 0970-7794 EI 2363-9962 PD SEP PY 2019 VL 36 IS 3 BP 447 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s40961-019-00182-6 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492633800001 ER PT J AU Noichl, M AF Noichl, Maximilian TI Modeling the structure of recent philosophy SO SYNTHESE AB This paper presents an approach of unsupervised learning of clusters from a citation database, and applies it to a large corpus of articles in philosophy to give an account of the structure of the discipline. Following a list of journals from the PhilPapers-archive, 68,152 records were downloaded from the Reuters Web of Science-Database. Their citation data was processed using dimensionality reduction and clustering. The resulting clusters were identified, and the results are graphically represented. They suggest that the division of analytic and Continental philosophy in the considered timespan is overstated; that analytical, in contrast to Continental philosophy does not form a coherent group in recent philosophy; and that metaphors about the disciplinary structure should focus on the coherence and interconnectedness of a multitude of smaller and larger subfields. SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 DI 10.1007/s11229-019-02390-8 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492642700002 ER PT J AU Sanchez, OL Nance, DC AF Lopez Sanchez, Oliva Nance, Douglas C. TI "Something Born of the Heart": Culturally Affiliated Illnesses of Older Adults in Oaxaca SO ISSUES IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING AB This qualitative research identifies and analyzes emotions and interventions linked to affective experiences and cultural aspects of health/illness/care processes in 219 older adults of eight Indigenous groups in Oaxaca, Mexico. Life stories are examined from perspectives of cultural gerontology, anthropology of emotions and critical medical anthropology with a gender perspective. Significance and healing of two illnesses of cultural affiliation: tiricia (sadness of the soul) and envidia (rancor against the successful) are examined. Conditions other than diabetes and hypertension are healed by traditional remedies or spiritual cleansings. Examining tiricia and envidia permit improved knowledge and understanding of the emotional culture and the community. SN 0161-2840 EI 1096-4673 DI 10.1080/01612840.2019.1650854 EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000493148300001 PM 31661655 ER PT J AU Wall, JR Okan, T Kose, C Kose, N Aksoy, EB AF Wall, Jeffrey R. Okan, Taner Kose, Coskun Kose, Nesibe Aksoy, Elif Basak TI Folk Biological Value and Chestnut Conservation in Turkey SO ECONOMIC BOTANY AB Folk Biological Value and Chestnut Conservation in Turkey. An ethnobotany dedicated to biocultural survival must advance research methods that perceive and support the biological basis of cultural survival in tandem with the cultural basis of biodiversity maintenance. To help address this challenge, we introduce the concept of "folk biological value"-the value of the more-than-human living world to cultural cohesion and survival-as well as a method to investigate and apply it to an ongoing biological conservation endeavor. In Turkey, the sweet chestnut tree population (Castanea sativa Mill.) is threatened by multiple exotic pathogens. In order to engage and study the collective value motivating continued chestnut presence and association, we sampled communities along the legible value structure of the value chain. We conducted 162 group interviews with 12 chestnut value chain groups across Turkey. Our results show how botanical knowledge of the tree transforms significantly in correspondence to the flow of the value chain. Further, we demonstrate that while the Black Sea region and western Turkey represent distinct human geographic zones of chestnut engagement, the most substantial countervailing forces defining nationwide conservation priorities are commercial and local maintenance value. This research furthers understanding of and capacity to engage community value during urgent local transitions from ecological protection to prioritization. RI Kose, Nesibe/G-8571-2018; Kose, Coskun/D-9393-2019 OI Kose, Nesibe/0000-0001-5766-0526; SN 0013-0001 EI 1874-9364 DI 10.1007/s12231-019-09476-x EA OCT 2019 UT WOS:000492580500001 ER EF