Lineamientos para la formulación del programa de uso eficiente y ahorro del agua pueaa en acueductos veredales, estudio de caso Susa Cundinamarca

Abstract

he constant development of new production alternatives and the accelerated pace of man to achieve great achievements for their well-being, has had a negative impact on natural resources and the environment in which they live. Nowadays, environmental problems have generated the degradation of natural resources, mainly water, both in quantity and quality (Massarutto, 2003). This is a fundamental element in maintaining the balance of the different existing terrestrial ecosystems, and it is necessary to consider these relationships when designing and developing a large part of human activities, in order to conserve the environment and make a sustainable use of water resources ( Pérez, 2012).

Taking into account the global problems in terms of availability and quality of water resources; Through the Berlin conference for the protection of the environment, different commitments were developed with participating nations, including Colombia, in order to encourage and build measures for water resource planning and thus ensure their availability over time for future generations (IDEAM, 2014). For this reason, in the country the fulfillment of the commitments of the conference of Dublin (Dublin, 1992) began, developing legislation that for the time did not exist, as for example, the Law 373 of 1997, that was created so that the providers of the water supply service, as well as all concessionaires will develop a planning document that, in its content, would have actions and goals to mitigate the irrational use of the resource, promoting and developing activities for an Efficient Use and Saving of Water (Republic from Colombia, 1997).

Although there is a developed norm for the planning of the hydric resource, due to the dynamics present in the Colombian territory especially in the rural areas and for the particular case of the municipality of Susa, Cundinamarca; the problem that is specifically for the providers of the resource supply service in terms of availability planning is very large, due to the lack of implementation of adequate measures for an efficient use of water and, in addition, most do not comply with all the requirements present in the concessions that are mandatory compliance (MADS, 2016).

Under this context, the present master's thesis was developed, whose main objective was to propose methodological guidelines for the formulation and implementation of the Efficient Use and Water Saving Program in the aqueducts of the municipality of Susa Cundinamarca. For the development of this research, a methodology was carried out that consisted of three phases, in the first one a situational diagnosis of the Veredales Aqueducts of the municipality of Susa Cundinamarca was elaborated; The second phase consisted of an analysis of the problems and needs identified in the formulation of the Efficient Use and Water Saving Program (PUEAA) by the aqueducts of the Veredales, and in the final phase the preparation of the methodological strategies for the formulation of the PUEAA by the Veredales Aqueducts.

It was found that some of the main problems present in the study area are: the low technical and economic capacity of the aqueducts of Veredales, because the representatives of the aqueducts do not have an adequate level of studies for the realization of the PUEAA document , besides that the financial capacity of the aqueducts is not sufficient to pay for the projects established in the Efficient Use and Water Saving Program, since the rates charged to the users of the resource do not cover the basic needs of the aqueduct and also, in In many cases, the support of territorial entities in economic and technical matters is not available.

Although the Veredales Aqueducts do not have sufficient technical and socioeconomic capacity, they are in charge of supplying the water resources in the rural populations, so they must have support from the territorial entities and the competent Environmental Authorities with the In order to strengthen their technical, administrative and infrastructure capacity, which will allow them to comply with the PUEAA in a satisfactory manner.