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Efectos del sector maíz de Colombia frente al Tratado de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos (2012-2024)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-05) Niño Rueda, Nazly Yisel; Gómez Parada, Edgar Javier; Universidad Santo Tómas
The objective of this study was to analyze the Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) between Colombia and the United States as they pertain to the Colombian corn sector during the 2012–2024 period. To carry it out, specific objectives were set to identify the dynamics of domestic production, determine the behavior of exports and imports, establish the evolution of tariff quotas, and analyze the relationship between domestic production and imports from the United States. The research was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approach, with a non-experimental design and a correlational scope. Statistical data from official sources such as Agronet, TradeMap, DIAN, and the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Tourism were utilized. The results show that domestic corn production exhibited fluctuating trends, with advances in mechanization but without a sustained growth trend. At the same time, imports registered a significant increase, rising from 3.2 million tons in 2012 to 6.85 million in 2024, while exports remained at negligible levels. Furthermore, it was found that the United States has established itself as Colombia’s main supplier of corn, aided by the conditions set forth in the FTA and the phased elimination of tariffs. The discussion shows that the increase in imports has strengthened the country’s external dependence and created greater challenges for the competitiveness of domestic producers. In conclusion, NAFTA facilitated access to imported corn and benefited sectors that rely on this input; however, it also widened the trade deficit and highlighted the need to strengthen policies on productivity, modernization, and sustainability to improve the competitiveness of the Colombian corn sector.
Caracterización de las dimensiones de impulsividad, agresividad, empatía y regulación emocional en una muestra de personas privadas de la libertad en la cárcel y penitenciaria de media seguridad de Acacías - CPMSACS
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-06) Henry Farley Gutiérrez Herrana, Henry Farley; Quiroga Baquero, Luis Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001048902; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000112655; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=psB0kvkAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wcJgAzgAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-9860; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1038-8649
This research was conducted within the context of the Colombian penitentiary system, where structured psychological assessment plays a fundamental role in the care and treatment of persons deprived of liberty (PDL). Understanding psychological dimensions such as impulsivity, aggression, empathy, and emotional regulation makes it possible to identify specific intervention needs related to risk factors associated with criminal behavior. The study aimed to characterize these psychological dimensions in a sample of PDL from the Acacías Medium-Security Prison and Penitentiary, analyzing their interrelationships and implications for correctional treatment. To achieve this objective, a mixed-method design with comparative and cross-sectional predictive components was implemented. Eighty-nine participants were assessed using seven psychometric instruments: SUPPS-P and BIS-11 for impulsivity, RPQ and AQ for aggression, IRI and EQ for empathy, and DERS for emotional regulation. The results revealed three principal components accounting for 52% of the total variance: a behavioral aggression–impulsivity pattern, an emotional dysregulation structure, and an empathic-emotional processing component. Cluster analysis identified two distinct profiles: one group characterized by greater psychological vulnerability, marked by high emotional impulsivity and dysregulation, and another group characterized by greater emotional regulation and adaptation. These findings have direct implications for correctional care and treatment, suggesting the need for differentiated interventions based on the identified profiles. For the vulnerable group, intensive interventions focused on emotional regulation and behavioral control are recommended, whereas the adaptive group would benefit from strengthening existing coping and self-regulation strategies. The results provide an empirical basis for the design of individualized treatment programs and the prediction of risk factors within the Colombian penitentiary context.
Propuesta arquitectónica de un Centro de Desarrollo Infantil para el Barrio Campo Hermoso de la Comuna 5 de Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-04) Mantilla Molina, Jhopman Steevenson; Narvaez Manrique, Jorge Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomas
For the development of the Child Development Center (CDI) in the Campo Hermoso neighborhood of Bucaramanga, an investigative and design process was carried out, addressing different conceptual, pedagogical, urban, and technical dimensions. Initially, a precise definition of what constitutes a CDI was established, based on the guidelines of the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (ICBF). In parallel, an identification process was conducted using the implementation guide for early childhood care infrastructures, aimed at characterizing the site and developing the architectural project. This study made it possible to identify the essential concepts for the optimal development of spatial, functional, and urban–environmental activities that enhance learning, social interaction, and integral development during the early stages of life. A detailed urban and socio-spatial characterization of the Campo Hermoso neighborhood revealed that the existing CDI does not meet ICBF’s normative or technical requirements, justifying the need for a demolition and reconstruction project. This ensures the continuity of the social function of the site. Additionally, a user characterization (children, teachers, and adults) was carried out to define their direct and indirect participation in the CDI. Following a typological analysis of existing CDIs (urban, functional, and technical), the proposal defined an architecture that is modular, flexible, and adaptable. This strategy employs modulation and mobile partitions to create versatile spaces with transparent classrooms, walls no higher than 1.20 meters, and integration with green areas—ensuring an optimal environment for comprehensive learning.
Contribución de los Derechos De La Naturaleza en la Protección y Conservación de la Biodiversidad en la Amazonia Colombiana en el Departamento del Putumayo
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-03) Rodriguez Cardenas, Narda Yulieth; Cely Chivata, Laura Daniela; Castro Ortegon, Yuddy Alejandra; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001656245; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tIGqwQgAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-8933
The Colombian Amazon is facing a critical environmental crisis that compromises its ecological integrity, despite being home to about 10% of the world's biodiversity. In this context, Colombia has emerged as a pioneer in the jurisprudential recognition of the rights of nature through Judgment T-622 of 2016 (Atrato River) and Judgment STC 4360-2018 (Colombian Amazon), establishing an unprecedented ecocentric legal paradigm. The general objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the legal instruments of environmental protection, including the rights of nature, and the patterns of forest cover conservation in the department of Putumayo during the period 2001-2023. The methodology employed a mixed approach that integrated systematic documentary review of 157 academic, normative, and jurisprudential sources with quantitative analysis of spatial indicators of forest cover and landscape fragmentation using data from Global Forest Watch. Three time periods of analysis were established (2001-2010, 2011-2020, 2021-2023) and conservation patterns were compared between different types of land use planning. The results showed that indigenous territories maintain forest cover of 89% with an annual loss of 0.12%, while areas without special protection have 62% coverage with a loss of 0.89% per year. The period 2011-2020 registered the highest historical deforestation (12.3 kha/year), coinciding temporarily with the recognition of rights of nature. It is concluded that the rights of nature constitute a relevant regulatory framework but insufficient in itself, requiring articulation with consolidated territorial figures, institutional strengthening and maturation times to materialize effectiveness in the conservation of Amazonian ecosystems. The findings show that effective conservation responds to multi-causal systems where legal instruments, institutional capacities and local governance systems interact in specific ways according to differentiated territorial contexts, in addition to the fact that the articulation between sustainable bioeconomy and participatory environmental governance emerges as a fundamental element to transcend legal recognition and materialize the effective protection of Amazonian biodiversity.
Medición del enganche académico en estudiantes de Optometría de la Universidad Santo Tomás
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-04) Pérez Romero, Laura Sofia; Rodríguez Bayona, Zully Fernanda; Tijo Mora, Laura Daniela; Zabala Roldan, Vanessa Alexandra; D'Antone, Valeria Andrea; Palencia Florez, Diana Cristina; Universidad Santo Tomas
Introduction: academic engagement is defined as an affective-cognitive sense of well-being in the face of academic challenges and is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. It is associated with improved academic performance, retention, and student well-being. Objective: to determine the level of academic engagement among students in the School of Optometry during the 2025 academic year. Methodology: a descriptive, cross-sectional observational study with a census sample. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the UWES-17 scale were administered. Univariate analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and measures of central tendency and dispersion; qualitative variables were described using frequencies. Student’s t-test, the Wilcoxon test, and ANOVA were used in the bivariate analysis. Results: a total of 218 students participated (72% of the total); 77% were women, with a median age of 20 years (IQR 18–22) and 50.6% were non-local students. The median for vigor was 3.66 (IQR 2.83–4.66), for dedication 5.3 (IQR 4.6–5.8), and for absorption 4.0 (IQR 3.16–4.83). In the bivariate analysis, when cross-tabulating non-local status with sociodemographic variables, no significant associations were found (p>0.05), except for alcohol consumption and systemic engagement (p<0.05). When relating training cycles to sociodemographic variables, most cross-tabulations showed no statistical significance (p>0.05); only socioeconomic status showed a significant association (p<0.05). Conclusions: commitment remains high and stable throughout the training program, while energy levels and engagement tend to decline. On the other hand, socioeconomic status indirectly influences academic retention, whereas other sociodemographic variables did not show a significant association.