Manual para el sistema de gestión en procedimientos de seguridad y salud en el trabajo por parte del contratista en una obra residencial regulada por la interventoría

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis aims to develop a procedures manual for the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS), focused on strengthening its implementation by contractors in residential construction projects under the supervision of technical oversight (interventoría). This proposal arises from the need identified in the construction sector, where, despite formal compliance with current regulations, there are still significant weaknesses in the practical application of the system at the operational level. The research was conducted using a descriptive approach with an applied scope, allowing for the analysis of real conditions related to the implementation of the OHSMS and the formulation of a practical and technical solution tailored to the sector’s needs. Initially, a diagnostic assessment of the system was carried out, revealing an adequate documentary structure aligned with Colombian regulations, particularly Decree 1072 of 2015 and Resolution 0312 of 2019. However, important deficiencies were identified in its on-site execution, including limited application of procedures, insufficient safety inspections, inadequate worker training, and weak monitoring of unsafe conditions and behaviors. Based on these findings, technical, administrative, and operational guidelines were defined to bridge the gap between planning and execution. These guidelines established clear criteria for risk management, organizational structure, assignment of responsibilities, and standardization of on-site activities, ensuring both regulatory compliance and operational feasibility. As a main outcome, a procedures manual structured under the PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) cycle was developed, integrating planning, execution, monitoring, and continuous improvement processes. The manual includes key procedures such as hazard identification and risk assessment,control of critical activities, personal protective equipment management, worker training, safety inspections, emergency management, and work permit systems. A distinctive contribution of this project is the integration of technical supervision (interventoría) as a transversal actor within the OHSMS, not only as a compliance verifier but also as an active participant in monitoring, control, and continuous improvement processes. This integration enhances system traceability, strengthens field supervision, and ensures effective compliance with established procedures. The results demonstrate that the implementation of a structured and operationally oriented manual significantly improves occupational risk management, reduces variability in task execution, strengthens safety culture, and supports evidence-based decision-making. In conclusion, this project provides a practical, applicable, and replicable tool that optimizes the implementation of the OHSMS in residential construction projects, aligning regulatory requirements with real working conditions. Furthermore, it contributes to strengthening supervision processes and reducing occupational accidents in the construction sector, representing a valuable contribution to workplace safety and preventive risk management. Keywords: risk management; safety procedures; continuous improvement; occupational risk prevention; PDCA cycle..