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Percepciones sobre desarrollo, seguridad y cooperación regional: una reflexión constructivista desde la movilidad académica en El Salvador y su contraste con Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-11-10) Villegas Alsina, Steilan Daniela; Ramirez Castellanos, Diego; Universidad Santo Tomás
This paper analyzes perceptions of development, security, and regional cooperation in El Salvador and their relationship with the Colombian context, taking as a starting point the experience gained during an academic mobility program. Its main objective is to understand how the ideas, experiences, and perceptions of a society can influence the way a country understands its reality and makes decisions. The analysis is based on the constructivist approach to International Relations and uses a qualitative and comparative methodology supported by the review of documents, institutional reports, academic sources, and statistical data. The paper examines changes in security in El Salvador, the adoption of Bitcoin as an initiative for economic innovation, and regional cooperation mechanisms, comparing these aspects with the Colombian context. The analysis shows that a country’s international image and the way its citizens interpret social and political changes play an important role in international relations. It also highlights that progress in security and development must be examined by considering actual results and the economic, social, and institutional conditions of each country. Finally, the paper concludes that Colombia and El Salvador can find opportunities for mutual learning through dialogue and cooperation, while recognizing their differences and avoiding the adoption of models without considering the needs of each society.
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(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-30) Gómez Arias, Javier Adolfo; Sarmiento Suarez, Gisela Patricia; Pérez, Amable José; Ortiz Buitrago, Reinaldo; Niño Bustos, Álvaro Hernán; Ocoro Sánchez, Nathalia Vanessa; Ramos Perdomo, Angie Tatiana; Vela Díaz, Marly Daniela; Trujillo Orrego, Tania Andrea; Pacheco Sutaneme, Kery Dirley; Gaitán Sánchez, Angie Karina; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv. do?cod_rh=0000510351; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv. do?cod_rh=0000111890; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv. do?cod_rh=0001692588; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv. do?cod_rh=0001756770; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv. do?cod_rh=0001657592; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002143033; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001814639; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=Na-i0p8AAAAJ; https://scholar.google.es/citations?view_op=new_profile&hl=es; https://scholar.google.es/scholar?hl=es&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Amable+Jos%C3%A9+P%C3%A9rez&oq=Ama; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=YTj_4EYAAAAJ&hl=es; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&pli=1&user=FHkfBwQAAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=gWFPBhgAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-891X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8454-0412; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9777-9297; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-4767; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-0717; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-0058; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1403-272X
Evaluación de una estrategia multisensorial para mejorar los hábitos de higiene bucodental en niños de escuelas rurales
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-11-10) Pinto Hernández, Juan Eduardo; Ruz Gómez, Emely; Almario Barrera, Andrea Johanna; Universidad Santo Tomás
Oral hygiene in children is a key factor in preventing oral diseases. In rural areas, access to dental services continues to be a challenge, making educational strategies an essential tool for promoting proper oral hygiene habits from childhood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multisensory strategy in promoting positive changes in oral hygiene, using the Silness and Löe Plaque Index, among children from a rural school in Girón during the second semester of 2025. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 90 children aged 6 to 10 years from two campuses of a rural school, divided into a study group and a control group. Enrolled students whose guardians provided informed consent were included, while those who did not attend the evaluations or had conditions that hindered clinical assessment were excluded. The main variable was the level of oral hygiene, assessed before and after the intervention. The study group received a multisensory educational strategy, whereas the control group received an educational leaflet on oral hygiene and healthy habits. Statistical analysis was performed using comparison tests between baseline and final measurements, in accordance with ethical considerations for research involving human participants. The results showed a reduction in bacterial plaque in both groups, with a greater decrease in the study group, from 66.16% to 32.96%, compared with the control group, which decreased from 60.62% to 45.47%. It is concluded that the multisensory educational strategy was effective in improving oral hygiene and reducing bacterial plaque levels, highlighting the importance of implementing participatory educational programs for the promotion and prevention of oral health in children.
Evaluación del cumplimiento normativo en la disposición final de residuos sólidos bajo los lineamientos de las normas NTC ISO 9001:2015 e ISO 14001:2015 en el relleno sanitario de Cimitarra, Santander
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-11-10) Serrano Carreño, Luz Angélica; Rincón Chinchilla, Elizabeth; Contreras Gómez, Alix Yusara; Universidad Santo Tomás
The inadequate management of solid waste in intermediate-sized Colombian municipalities constitutes an environmental and public health problem that requires rigorous management assessments. Based on this premise, the study evaluated regulatory compliance at the La Florida sanitary landfill, located in Cimitarra, Santander. The facility, which was temporarily suspended by the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Santander, was assessed with the aim of mitigating the contamination of water sources and reducing the socio-environmental risks associated with its operation. The research adopted a mixed-method approach with a descriptive and documentary scope, developed in three stages: a documentary review of the regulatory framework using a checklist; a correspondence analysis between Colombian regulations and the NTC ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015 standards; and the formulation of a framework of recommendations structured according to the Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle. The assessment revealed non-compliance issues affecting all phases of the cycle, with critical gaps in policy, measurable objectives, internal auditing, and performance evaluation. The correspondence analysis showed a consistent partial alignment across the seven chapters evaluated, attributable to a structural difference in purpose between regulations focused on technical and sanitary control and ISO standards aimed at systematizing management practices. In response, 16 improvement actions were proposed, 12 of which were classified as high priority. It was concluded that the landfill’s critical situation results primarily from management weaknesses rather than from a regulatory deficit and could therefore be addressed through the voluntary adoption of systematic management tools.
Responsabilidad Patrimonial del Estado por Falla del Servicio Derivada del Uso Indebido de la IA en Colombia en la Administración de Justicia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-11-06) Veloza Socha, Christian David; Daza López, Lorena; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001371179; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kfNSezgAAAAJ&hl=en
This article aims to analyze the State’s patrimonial liability arising from the improper use of artificial intelligence in Colombia, particularly within the administration of justice. From a legal perspective, it examines the risks associated with the incorporation of these technologies, especially those that may affect fundamental guarantees such as due process, the reasoning of judicial decisions, and judicial autonomy. The study is based on a qualitative legal methodology, supported by documentary review of normative, jurisprudential, doctrinal, and institutional sources, in order to identify the main regulatory developments, constitutional limits, and attribution criteria applicable to the use of artificial intelligence in the public sector. In this context, it is concluded that the improper use of artificial intelligence may lead to the configuration of unlawful damages attributable to the State, particularly under the theory of service failure, which requires the adoption of control, verification, and supervision criteria to ensure its responsible use in accordance with the rule of law.