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Evaluación del impacto ambiental derivado de la contaminación del Caño Usivar en el tramo que atraviesa la vereda San Rafael de Morichal del municipio de Yopal, Casanare
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-28) Santos Cotinchara , Xiomara; Lamprea Zona, Martha Custodia; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001597220; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001812825; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-9477
The Usivar stream, in the section that crosses the San Rafael de Morichal village in the municipality of Yopal, Casanare, has suffered from severe environmental pollution for over thirty years, caused by the continuous discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the pollution of the Usivar stream; the methodology has a descriptive and quantitative approach, based on a review of current environmental regulations, analysis of technical monitoring reports carried out by Corporinoquia between 2018 and 2024, fieldwork, and the collection of community perceptions; the results show high concentrations of BOD₅ and COD, a critical decrease in dissolved oxygen, and insufficient operating capacity at the Yopal Wastewater Treatment Plant, confirming non-compliance with environmental quality standards and explaining the proliferation of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin diseases in the exposed population; in conclusion, the problem stems from both technical and institutional failures as well as weak environmental management; therefore, an integrated strategy of prevention, mitigation, and ecological restoration with community participation is proposed, aimed at ecosystem recovery, public health protection, and strengthening local environmental governance.
Enfoques productivos y sostenibles mediante el aprovechamiento de abejas nativas sin aguijón en Calarcá – Quindío”
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-28) Tapia Zapata, Jeris Daniela; García Murillo, Paulo German; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000295612; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=60GkRtsAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-0489
Productive and sustainable approaches are proposed for the utilization of native stingless bees in the municipality of Calarcá, Quindío. The biology and ecology of these bees are described, highlighting their crucial role as key pollinators in preserving the ecological balance of Andean and tropical ecosystems. Additionally, the main aspects of meliponiculture—the technical rearing and management of these bees to harvest honey, pollen, and other products—are outlined; these practices contribute to food security, strengthen social ties, promote environmental education that fosters ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, and generate productive alternatives. Practices for obtaining colonies and the use of modern, technical hives for their management were defined. Existing cases of sustainable stingless bee utilization in Colombia were reviewed. For this specific case, the geographical features of Calarcá and the native flora were considered, and the native bee genus *Tetragonisca angustula* is described; established colonies of this species in technical hives served as the basis for identifying utilization approaches, which were classified into four areas of action: Production and Technical Management, covering the commercial use of derived products, hives, and established colonies to reduce extraction from natural ecosystems; Ecosystem Services and Agroecology, leveraging biological potential through targeted pollination to boost crop yields and creating sanctuaries in protected areas; Social Management, which harnesses human capital by recovering the ancestral knowledge of older adults and training women and local entrepreneurs to ensure generational succession; and Research and Development, acting as a scientific-regulatory hub that translates technical evidence to promote knowledge and strengthen public policies for environmental protection.
Modelo de supervisión técnica aplicado para viviendas autosostenibles en la comunidad Wayuu de la Alta Guajira, Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-28) Peña García, José Arnoldo; Quintero Cruz, Edwin Ferney; Castro Irreño, Mónica Johanna; Universidad Santo Tomás
This project proposes a technical supervision model aimed at the construction of self-sustainable housing in the Wayuu community of Alta Guajira, with the purpose of strengthening the quality, durability, and sociocultural relevance of housing solutions in this region. The initiative arises from the need to establish supervision guidelines that integrate civil engineering technical criteria, principles of environmental sustainability, and respect for the community’s traditional construction practices. The proposed model articulates planning, control, and work monitoring processes, incorporating the efficient use of local resources, appropriate technologies, water capture and utilization systems, renewable energy, and low environmental impact materials. It also promotes community participation as a central axis of the construction process, ensuring social appropriation of the housing solutions and knowledge transfer. Methodologically, the project is based on documentary review, analysis of previous experiences in sustainable housing, and the formulation of supervision protocols adapted to the climatic, cultural, and socioeconomic context of Alta Guajira. As a result, the project aims to provide a practical tool to guide the work of civil works supervisors in self-sustainable housing projects in indigenous communities, contributing to the improvement of quality of life, habitat sustainability, and local development
Diseño de lineamientos de gestión de proyectos para orientar al sector de la construcción de Vivienda de Interés Social (VIS) en Colombia hacia la implementación del estándar de sostenibilidad EDGE, basados en el PMBOK
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-27) Domínguez García, Deiby; Medina Vargas, Luisa Fernanda; Díaz Uribe, Carlos Alonso; Universidad Santo Tomás
Problem: The social housing (VIS) construction sector in Colombia exhibits low adoption of the EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) sustainability standard, not because organizations lack interest, but because clear methodologies are lacking to integrate its technical requirements with project management frameworks, within a context of budget constraints, training gaps, and regional heterogeneity. Objective: To design project management guidelines based on PMBOK 7 that enable the implementation of the EDGE standard in VIS projects in Colombia. This will be achieved by identifying current practices and barriers, structuring a set of management practices and deliverables, and formulating a progressive and contextualized adoption roadmap. Method: A mixed-methods approach with a predominantly qualitative focus was employed, using three instruments administered to ten construction companies in Bogotá D.C., Medellín, Cali, and Barranquilla: a structured survey for project managers, a structured survey for HSE coordinators, and a joint semi-structured interview for both roles in five companies. Results: The diagnostic revealed basic and intermediate levels of knowledge about EDGE, four categories of barriers, and a 90% predisposition among the organizations to establish guidelines if support is provided. Discussion: The findings demonstrate that the perceived cost overrun is overestimated in relation to the actual increases recorded, which ranged between 4.5% and 8%. Furthermore, the coordination between project management and the HSE department is the organizational factor that most significantly determines the feasibility of certification. Keywords: EDGE standard, social housing, project management, PMBOK, sustainability in construction
Predicción temprana de brotes de dengue en Bucaramanga mediante un modelo de Machine Learning con integración de variables climáticas, geográficas y sociodemográficas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-28) Araque Villamizar, Reinaldo; Paipa Bautista, Diego Alberto; Álvarez Pizarro, Yuli Andrea; Universidad Santo Tomás
Problem. Dengue is an endemic arboviral disease in Bucaramanga that accumulated 10,259 cases reported to the National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) between 2015 and 2022, with a hospitalization rate of 26.6% and recurrent epidemic peaks. However, the municipality lacks tools capable of anticipating outbreaks. Objective. To develop a machine learning model for the early prediction of dengue outbreaks in Bucaramanga by integrating epidemiological, climatic, geographic, and sociodemographic variables. Methods. A quantitative, applied, and longitudinal study was conducted following the CRISP-DM methodology. Data from SIVIGILA, climate records from IDEAM, Sentinel-2 vegetation indices (NDVI), and sociodemographic indicators from DANE were integrated and aggregated by epidemiological week and administrative district. Five approaches were compared: a seasonal naïve model and ARIMA as baseline models, versus Random Forest, XGBoost, and LSTM. Models were evaluated using a strict temporal split and prediction horizons ranging from one to four weeks. Performance was assessed using MAE, RMSE, MAPE, MASE, F1-score, and AUC metrics, complemented by the Diebold–Mariano test and SHAP-based interpretability analysis. Results. Machine learning models reduced prediction error to less than two-thirds of the naïve forecast and significantly discriminated outbreak weeks (p < 0.001). Temperature, with a seven-week lag, was identified as the most relevant environmental predictor. Outbreak risk was concentrated in the San Francisco, Centro, and Oriental districts, which accounted for 32.4% of reported cases. Conclusions. Dengue outbreaks can be anticipated using publicly available local data. The DengueAlert-BGA prototype represents an interpretable and replicable tool to strengthen epidemiological surveillance and public health response in the municipality.