La filosofía de José Martí: ¿fundamento u horizonte de la política? Una reevaluación del posicionamiento martiano frente a la lucha de clases y a la guerra de independencia
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Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
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En este trabajo se explora la relación que existe entre los posicionamientos adoptados por José Martí, en la etapa madura de su pensamiento, en torno al conflicto social y a la guerra de independencia cubana. Frente a los intérpretes marxistas, que encuentran una contradicción entre el rechazo de Martí a la lucha de clases y su promoción de la lucha armada contra el colonialismo español, sostenemos que tal disparidad de posturas puede explicarse a partir de los cambiantes vínculos entre filosofía y política que se establecen en el pensamiento del Apóstol. Con dicho objetivo, identificamos los principales elementos de la matriz filosófica martiana, presente en el ensayo “Nuestra América” y determinamos el rol que desempeña en las reflexiones sobre la lucha de clases y sobre la guerra de independencia, a saber: como fundamento de la conciliación social en el primer caso y como horizonte utópico post bélico en el segundo.
This paper explores the relationship between José Martí's positions on social conflict and the Cuban War of Independence in the mature stage of his thinking. Contrary to Marxist interpreters, who find a contradiction between Martí's rejection of class struggle and his promotion of armed resistance against Spanish colonialism, we argue that this disparity in positions can be explained by the changing links between philosophy and politics established in the Apostle's thinking. To this end, we identify the main elements of Martí's philosophical matrix, presented in his essay, "Our America," and determine the role it plays in his reflections on class struggle and the War of Independence, namely as the foundation of social reconciliation in the first case and as a post-war utopian horizon in the second.
This paper explores the relationship between José Martí's positions on social conflict and the Cuban War of Independence in the mature stage of his thinking. Contrary to Marxist interpreters, who find a contradiction between Martí's rejection of class struggle and his promotion of armed resistance against Spanish colonialism, we argue that this disparity in positions can be explained by the changing links between philosophy and politics established in the Apostle's thinking. To this end, we identify the main elements of Martí's philosophical matrix, presented in his essay, "Our America," and determine the role it plays in his reflections on class struggle and the War of Independence, namely as the foundation of social reconciliation in the first case and as a post-war utopian horizon in the second.
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clases sociales, filosofía, guerra, Martí, política, Martí, philosophy, politics, war, social classes
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Derechos de autor 2025 Cuadernos de Filosofía Latinoamericana
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0