Las politicas publicas de colombia y mexico: configuracion para atender el racismo y discriminacion de pueblos indigenas

Abstract

This article aligns with the research line on combating racism and ethnic discrimination. Its central objective was to conduct a comparative analysis of the models for formulating, implementing, and evaluating public policies aimed at Indigenous peoples in Colombia and Mexico, using a qualitative approach based on a review of technical and academic literature. Among the findings, it was identified that both countries operate under hybrid schemes that combine New Public Management (NPM), New Public Governance (NPG), and the Neo-Weberian Model (NWS). This coexistence of paradigms generates structural contradictions that compromise the technical independence of state agencies. Colombia stands out for its technologically robust valuation system, led by the National Planning Department (DNP) and Synergia, with a strong emphasis on determining causality. Meanwhile, Mexico is undergoing an institutional transition toward strengthening the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), seeking to consolidate its autonomy and the use of rigorous statistical evidence. It was concluded that critical tensions persist between the technical-normative design and the political reality, affected by dynamics of clientelism and patronage. These gaps prevent institutional capacity from being deployed uniformly in the territorial peripheries. The main challenges to eradicating racism against Indigenous peoples lie in the complex relationship between state centralism and the sovereignty of Indigenous communities. Likewise, it is crucial to eliminate operational breakdowns in implementation and consolidate monitoring mechanisms that validate the real impact on the living conditions of communities, promoting legitimate participation so that their voices are effective in social transformation, ethnic justice, and the protection of Indigenous rights. Keywords: racism, discrimination, public policies, legal framework