Salud oral inclusiva: revisión sistemática de modelos de atención y experiencias nacionales e internacionales en contextos de discapacidad, vejez y hospitalización.

Abstract

Inclusive oral health is an essential component of overall well-being and a key indicator of equity within health systems. However, its full integration still faces challenges, particularly in the care of people with disabilities, older adults, and hospitalized patients, who encounter greater barriers to accessing continuous and quality dental services. Objective: To identify models, strategies, and interventions implemented in health systems to improve access to dental care for people with disabilities, older adults, and hospitalized or critically ill patients. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted. Databases and institutional sources were consulted. Original articles, reviews, technical guidelines, and documents from national and international organizations related to access, inclusion and oral health management in the target populations were included. The information was systematized using an analytical matrix. Results: The findings reveal progress in the implementation of models and programs, as well as in the adoption of technical protocols, mainly for hospital dental care. The most effective strategies were those that integrated promotion and prevention actions under a community-based and person-centered approach. Nevertheless, limitations persist regarding professional training, physical accessibility, and the sustainability of interventions. Conclusions: Inclusive oral health requires coherent policies, interdisciplinary teams, and strengthened professional education to consolidate care models that ensure equity and continuity of care. The evidence reaffirms that integrating oral health into primary and hospital care is a fundamental step toward achieving fairer and more humanized health systems.