Caracterización de injertos óseos de uso odontológico: scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: Bone grafts are used for the replacement of bone that has been lost in the mouth, in dentistry the bone loss rates are associated with premature tooth loss, which have not received adequate rehabilitation treatment. The materials of bone regeneration have the capacity to induce the neoformation of bone from the morphological and physiological characteristics. There are different types of grafts that can be cataloged from their nature, characteristics and methods of obtaining. Objective: To recognize the different characteristics and components of grafts by means of a Scoping Review of this topic in articles published during the last 15 years. Methodology: The type of study that was conducted was a Scoping Review as it provides a large amount of information to synthesize a definitive discussion on the subject; Characterized by the elements Population. Concept and Context, through search equations that were carried out in the Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science, google academic and scopus databases, a total of 229 articles were found, of which 29 were eliminated by repetition, 7 were eliminated because they were not in full text and 170 articles that were not related to the study to reach a total of 26 articles in the present investigation. Results: For this section the results were divided into 3 sections to make it easier to read and analyze the information. In the first, the data related to the activity of publication frequency was described in general, in the second, the bibliometric indicators were included and finally the authors' description with the topic to be treated was recorded. The Pubmed database provided the largest number of articles for this research. Regarding the countries from which the publications originate, it was found that Spain is the leading country in publications of bone grafts, it was observed that the language most commonly found in the Publications is English because it facilitates access to more readers. When carrying out the study, it was determined that the most studied graft was autologous or autogenous grafting compared to the others. Conclusions: It was identified that the author who has published the most articles on bone grafts has been Ramón Fuentes, it should also be noted that he has collaborated with other authors. It was observed that the country that publishes most on bone grafts is Spain compared with other Latin American countries, however it can be seen that in Latin America the rate of bone graft articles is lower compared to North America and Europe. It was identified that the most used graft is the allograft or autogenous graft, the authors recommend the use of this graft since at the moment of performing rehabilitation treatments in edentula patients it guarantees a higher success rate due to its morphological and physiological characteristics.