Relación de los determinantes sociales de la salud con la presencia de caries dental en la primera infancia del Instituto Técnico Superior Dámaso Zapata de Bucaramanga

Abstract

Introduction. A substantial component of life, is to enjoy good health. However, the high prevalence of dental caries in the child population, generate the need to conduct studies that demonstrate the close relationship of dental caries, with all those factors that can impact the oral health of school children in the city of Bucaramanga. In this investigation, these factors will be approached from the approach of the social determinants of health, with the objective of recognizing risk factors that act in the health disease process. Objective. To assess the relationship of Social Determinants of Health with the presence of dental caries in 5-year-old school children of the Dámaso Zapata de Bucaramanga Higher Technical Institute. Materials and methods. This research is a cross-sectional analytical observational study, developed in 114 5-year-old students who were enrolled in the morning session of the 2019 school year at the Dámaso Zapata Higher Technical Institute. The instruments used for data collection were designed according to the specific objectives of the research, being necessary the implementation of a survey of social determinants, addressed to the economic responsible of children, a clinical format for dental caries registration under criteria ICDAS and finally the format for registration of size and weight. The data obtained in a database in Excel (Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2016) were recorded and double fingering was performed to minimize fingering bias. The quality of the fingering was verified using the EpiInfo validation routine and the data was cleared, then the STATA 14 statistical package was exported for its procedure and analysis, the results, conclusions and recommendations of the study were given. Results. There are social determinants of health that behave as risk factors for dental caries in the school population, which allows us to deduce that, by modifying their conditions, they become protective factors that limit or prevent the occurrence of disease process. Conclusions. The findings of this research support that the prevalence of dental caries is strongly associated with social, cultural and economic factors, conceived under the name of social determinants of health, which explain how the stratification of the vulnerability of the population impacts directly about health and well-being.