Factores contributivos determinantes en lesiones por presión (LPP) en pacientes atendidos en Cuidados Intensivos durante el primer semestre 2021 en la E.S.E Hospital Universitario San Rafael de Tunja (E.S.E. HUSRT)

Abstract

LPPs are an indicator of quality of care, prevention is the cornerstone, their occurrence demands specialized management, increases the consumption of resources, and delays the recovery of the patient. This clinical condition had an increase during the first semester of the year 2021, in patients admitted to the ICU. The purpose of the study is socio-demographically the patients character, describe the characteristics of the LPP and determining factors, identify their incidence, establish active failures and associated contributory factors that favored their appearance. Through a study with a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational approach, taking as a sample the clinical records of patients (n = 28) treated in the ICU. The mean age was 58 years, 76% in men and 24% women, 71% corresponded to LPP, 11% to LPP for sanitary devices, 50% of LPP were category I, 35% category II, the most frequent localization facial region (29%), 45.7% of the patients presented as a diagnosis Pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2, the incidence of LPP was 1.89 patients (X 100 / discharges). The main active failures were the non-daily assessment of the skin (19%), the non-early identification of signs of injury (18%), the non-use or inappropriate use of technology inputs (18%) and the non-communication at the moment detection (16%). The determining contributory factors were those related to work team, individual and environment with 23% respectively. Patient care is the basis to prevent the appearance of LPP, continuous training, leadership and assertive communication are essential to favor the application of standardized institutional processes, which recognize and establish timely and appropriate management.