Estado del Arte de las Pruebas para la Evaluación de la Agudeza Visual

Abstract

Introduction: Visual acuity (AV) is defined as the measurement and quantification of the functional integrity of the various components of vision, in other words, it is the ability of the visual system to perceive, focus and identify an object. In the field of research, it is important to know the current state of knowledge of the evidence that is the measurement of AV, with the objective of establishing areas of action in this area. Objectives: To identify the state of the art of the tests for the evaluation of visual acuity. Determine the types of cards to assess visual acuity and their characteristics, Recognize the different forms of measurement of Visual Acuity, Describe the lighting factors and Record gaps in knowledge regarding visual acuity. Methods: A systematic review of the documents found in different reliable databases and indexed journals that collects important information from the tests that are used to evaluate the AV using search equations in the different health descriptors to complement the information currently documented is carried out. Results: The sample was conformed by 16 articles which met the established selection criteria, in the documents included the age did not exceed 20 years (1999 to 2018), 25% are from the year 2018, 94% are original articles and 87.5% were published in English being 37.5% of the American continent. It was not possible to extract from the articles information related to the psychophysical characteristics of the test such as (clarity, chromaticity, resolution or recognition), nor with the detection capacity, since the latter is only reported in 12.5% of the publications reviewed. Conclusion: There is little availability of publications in the last 20 years, that information is obtained regarding the characteristics of the visual acuity tests. In addition, it was found that HOTV, Read symbols, Read numbers and landont C for both adults and children, with LogMAR measuring scale in greater quantity than Snellen, designed for a distance of 3 meters or more, black white background being lighting and variable size in each of them; They are the types of primers most used in the studies. Keywords: Visual acuity, Optotype, Card, Minimum resolution angle, Visual discrimination.