Evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la Visión funcional en personas con baja visión residentes en Medellín y Bucaramanga entre 2019 y 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Low vision is an irreversible visual condition that compromises visual acuity and visual field, significantly affecting autonomy, functionality, and emotional well-being. Assessing vision-related quality of life makes it possible to understand not only clinical limitations but also the psychosocial and adaptive consequences of this condition. Objective: To evaluate vision-related quality of life in patients with low vision living in Medellín and Bucaramanga between 2019 and 2024. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 96 patients attending low vision services. The Low Vision Quality of Life (LVQOL) questionnaire was applied, together with the collection of clinical and sociodemographic variables. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistics, including Fisher’s exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The median age was 57 years, with a predominance of females (59.4%). The most frequent pathologies were age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. The greatest limitations were observed in tasks dependent on central vision, such as reading, writing, and label recognition, as well as in mobility under poor lighting conditions and when crossing streets. Emotionally, 30.2% reported significant sadness, and a considerable proportion experienced frustration and restricted social participation. Statistically significant differences were identified in age (p=0.009) and occupation (p=0.001) according to sex. Conclusions: Low vision comprehensively affects both functionality and emotional well-being, reinforcing the need for visual rehabilitation programs that include optical and non-optical aids, mobility training, and psychological support