Seguimiento de periodontitis apical mediante criterios PAI y CBCTPAI revisión de literatura y reporte de caso

Abstract

Introduction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms that colonize the root canal system, the etiology of which is associated with caries and dento-alveolar trauma; One of the most common tools for the diagnosis of these endodontic pathologies is periapical radiography; However, it should be taken into account that these diagnostic aids have limitations that in a few cases are presented with an adequate medical diagnosis, compared to a modern imaging system for volumetric tomographies, this new tool presents the mayor sensitivity and specificity at the moment Of diagnosis Type of pathologies. This type of infection must be diagnosed and treated with time and have the probability of dismembering other organs and in addition to attending pain in a high percentage, this is a risk factor and in susceptible patients can lead to a systemic commitment. Objective: To evaluate the healing of apical periodontitis by comparing periapical radiography and volumetric tomography using the criteria PAI and CBCTPAI. Method: A longitudinal descriptive study was designed in which PA was monitored in a period of 6 months and one year after endodontic treatment, comparing the periapical radiographs with the volumetric tomographies based on the PAI and CBCTPAI criteria respectively, the Investigation with an informed consent, which was voluntarily signed by the patient, the periapical radiography and previous volumetric tomography were taken to know the initial state of the lesion and the endoscopic treatment was performed, later the two controls were determined determining the state of Injury; For the analysis of the periapical radiographs the researchers performed a calibration evaluating 15 radiographs with presence or absence of injury, this was done in three different periods with an interval of one week to avoid fatigue; Tomographic analysis was performed by radiologist experts on the subject. Results: From the radiographic point of view the endodontic treatment was considered successful, since the lesion revealed at the year of follow up a complete healingwith a criterion PAI 1; From the tomographic point of view, it is considered a lesion in the healing pathway, where the lesion has decreased markedly in diameter but still remains with a CBCTPAI criterion 3. Conclusion: In conclusion according to the results of the investigation confirmed Once again the superior diagnostic ability in CBCT images versus periapical radiographs, the CBCT allows to visualize a more accurate state in terms of tracking the healing or resizing of BP.