Prevalencia de periodontitis apical en dientes del maxilar inferior evaluados en CBCT

Abstract

Apical Periodontitis (PA) is a bacterial, multifactorial disease produced as a response to pulp necrosis and the persistence of microorganisms in the root canal system. This condition is usually asymptomatic and may go unnoticed for years. Periapical lesions may be present and in their initial stages not be visible radiographically because the projected image is two-dimensional in panoramic and periapical radiographs. There are advanced imaging methods such as CBCT that can offer benefits to endodontics by allowing a higher quality in diagnosis, planning and prognosis of treatment. Aim: The present study aims to determine the prevalence of BP by means of the ERI index in teeth of the lower jaw with and without endodontic treatment, evaluated in CBCT in a representative sample taken from the image bank of the radiological center of the Santo Tomás University in the years 2018 and 2019. Type of study: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: 110 tomography scans of the lower jaw taken at the Diagnostic Imaging Center of the Santo Tomas University were evaluated in 2018 and 2019. Results: A total of 97 cone-beam tomography scans of the lower jaw in which 1083 teeth were analyzed. Of these diagnostic images, 66 (60.04%) corresponded to women and 31 (31.95%) to men. The median age was 50.3 years (range of 20 and 79 years). Of the total teeth evaluated (1083), 5.82% (n = 63) had evidence of endodontic treatment. The prevalence of BP in the evaluated teeth was 10.72% (n = 113), the type of tooth most affected by BP was the molar with 38.79% (n = 45). As for the ERI index analysis, 89.57% (n = 970) of the teeth analyzed were in criterion 1, and 6.19% (n = 67) in criterion 2. Regarding the association of the coronal state and PA 42.47% (n = 48) of the teeth had evidence of restoration. In patients affected with BP the most prevalent systemic disease was arterial hypertension with 9.38%. Conclusion: CBCT is an essential and reliable tool for diagnosing PA.