Características de las habilidades visuales y el entrenamiento visual integrado aplicado a los deportes de pelota: revisión sistemática cualitativa

Abstract

Introduction: Sports vision has gained relevance in the field of optometry since the mid-20th century, as its influence on athletic performance has been recognized. In ball sports such as tennis, basketball, soccer, volleyball, rugby, golf, and handball, visual demands are high due to the need for accuracy, detail discrimination, eye-hand coordination, and the ability to respond to dynamic stimuli in changing environments. Visual training, understood as a set of techniques aimed at optimizing sensorimotor and perceptual skills, has evolved from its clinical application to its use in high-performance sports. Objective: To analyze the characteristics of visual skills and integrated visual training applied to ball sports, according to a systematic review of literature. Methodology: This thesis proposes a qualitative systematic review of the most relevant visual skills, identifying the dynamics inherent to eac discipline and exploring the theoretical and methodological approaches that support the implementation of visual training programs in athletes. In doing so, it aims to provide an academic and practical framework that can serve as the basis for the design of future sport specific protocols in optometry.