La opinión pública y su relación con las instituciones del Estado. Una nueva configuración de Estado

Abstract

The State, As a concept, has gone through various conceptions, which tend to describe a specific time and space, causing it to fail to materialize and, on the contrary, as technological development allows new mechanisms of interrelation, other ways of understanding and assimilate the State. In this sense, this thesis is divided into three chapters, which were constructed from a bibliographic investigation, without omitting political events that have marked recent political action. It begins with a conceptual approach to the State and its interaction with political ideas, taking into account a historical context that lands with the Social State under the Rule of Law, which has been relevant from the second half of the 20th century. To this must be added the globalization process, on which the different state structures have not been alien and have come to influence, by way of feedback, on its evolution. It is important to note that economic liberalism has been a participant in these processes, conceiving liberal democracy as an ideal form of government to act to free a citizenry that has not yet managed to be global. The foregoing can be seen in Colombian political history, which has not been foreign to world events and trends and during the last decades has been influenced by the political actions of other States. Thus, in this country the struggle for political power, in an environment of democracy, has been consolidated through the generation of opinion, which has been enhanced with the use of social networks that have acquired relevance at the time of strengthen political marketing. From this, public opinion in the political sphere and in a globalized context, has acquired such a preponderance that citizen participation has been increasingly supported in it, coming to relegate reason and arguments, this with the objective of massifying an idea, which is used to benefit a political objective and finally in obtaining power. This is directly related to populism which, for the present case, takes refuge in respect for the diversity of ideas and conceptions, omitting the solidity of the argumentation and going directly to the use of passions, which come to be manipulated or distorted, coming to configure forms of government supported by public opinion. Finally, the conjunction of public opinion together with the democratic participation of the states, ends up generating a new state configuration where the debate has to be suppressed and sovereignty is transferred according to the influence that certain actors can exert, be they these organizations as political parties or movements and even the media themselves, always noting the importance that social networks have acquired in the dissemination of certain ideas.