Trabajo precario: experiencias de trabajadores mexicanos y ecuatorianos
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Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
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El trabajo precario constituye un conjunto de condiciones laborales nocivas a las que están sometidos los trabajadores, asociadas a experiencias negativas de vulnerabilidad, trato injusto y falta de derechos. También engloba aspectos como contratos temporales, bajos salarios y falta de poder de negociación. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las dimensiones subjetivas y objetivas del trabajo precario entre trabajadores mexicanos y ecuatorianos. Se recolectaron datos de 304 trabajadores mexicanos y 366 trabajadores ecuatorianos mediante un cuestionario en línea que contenía 15 ítems organizados en 3 factores (α entre 0,83 y 0,90) para evaluación subjetiva, y 5 preguntas para la evaluación objetiva. Los resultados indicaron que existe una mayor percepción de insuficiencia salarial en el grupo de trabajadores ecuatorianos en comparación con el grupo mexicano. Sin embargo, el grupo mexicano presentó mayores experiencias de vulnerabilidad laboral, a pesar de recibir salarios más altos, y también menor poder de decisión sobre los aspectos laborales que les conciernen. Los resultados muestran la importancia de las experiencias subjetivas de los trabajadores, ya que una mayor vulnerabilidad (valoración subjetiva) se asoció con un mayor salario y reporte de que los montos recibidos les permiten cubrir gastos diarios e inesperados. Así, el trabajo precario no puede verse solo como un conjunto de condiciones concretas, sino también como una experiencia subjetiva del trabajador.
Precarious work refers to a set of harmful working conditions to which workers are exposed, linked to negative experiences of vulnerability, unfair treatment, and lack of rights. It also encompasses aspects such as temporary contracts, low wages, and lack of negotiating power. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective and objective dimensions of precarious work between Mexican and Ecuadorian workers. Data were collected from 304 Mexican workers and 366 Ecuadorian workers through an online questionnaire consisting of 15 items organized into 3 factors (α between 0,83 and 0,90) for subjective evaluation, and 5 questions for objective evaluation. The results showed that the Ecuadorian group, more than the Mexican group, reported insufficient salaries to cover their expenses. The Mexican group, however, indicated experiencing greater labor vulnerability despite higher salaries. This group also reported having less decision-making power over labor aspects that affected them. The results highlight the importance of employees' subjective experiences, as greater vulnerability (subjective evaluation) was associated with a higher salary and the perception that the amounts received could cover daily and unexpected expenses. Precarious work, therefore, cannot only be seen as a set of concrete circumstances but is also a subjective experience for the employee.
Precarious work refers to a set of harmful working conditions to which workers are exposed, linked to negative experiences of vulnerability, unfair treatment, and lack of rights. It also encompasses aspects such as temporary contracts, low wages, and lack of negotiating power. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective and objective dimensions of precarious work between Mexican and Ecuadorian workers. Data were collected from 304 Mexican workers and 366 Ecuadorian workers through an online questionnaire consisting of 15 items organized into 3 factors (α between 0,83 and 0,90) for subjective evaluation, and 5 questions for objective evaluation. The results showed that the Ecuadorian group, more than the Mexican group, reported insufficient salaries to cover their expenses. The Mexican group, however, indicated experiencing greater labor vulnerability despite higher salaries. This group also reported having less decision-making power over labor aspects that affected them. The results highlight the importance of employees' subjective experiences, as greater vulnerability (subjective evaluation) was associated with a higher salary and the perception that the amounts received could cover daily and unexpected expenses. Precarious work, therefore, cannot only be seen as a set of concrete circumstances but is also a subjective experience for the employee.
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precarious work, working conditions, subjectivity and work, trabajo precario, condiciones de trabajo, subjetividad y trabajo
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0