Evaluación de la resistencia compresiva de la cerámica híbrida cementada sobre dientes deciduos. Prueba In vitro

Abstract

Introduction: Tooth decay is a multifactorial pathology that causes the loss of minerals in the dental tissue, which when progressing becomes a cavity that can affect a large part of the tooth. Thus, in order to rehabilitate these cavitational lesions, we find various materials that allow the necessary operative treatment, among them, resins, amalgams, ionomers and steel crowns. In fact, most of these materials are unsightly and do not offer an ideal marginal adaptation, favoring the generation of caries lesions associated with restorations. With today's biotechnology breakthrough, there is the possibility of restoring teeth with materials such as "hybrid ceramics" commercially known as "Vita-Enamic" which fulfils within its advantages the ability to make restorations with great Capacity of loading and absoción of occlusal force, allowing to make restorations with thicknesses of reduced walls, reliable of high detail, precise adjustment, in addition to allow reconstructions thanks to the fast preparation CAD/CAM and to the efficient finish by grinding without cooking. Therefore, it becomes an optional material for the elaboration of deciduous teeth restorations. Objectives: to compare the compressive resistance of the Vita-Enamic, the steel crown and a control group.Methodology: An experimental study was conducted in vitro with thirty deciduous teeth distributed in 10 teeth (control), 10 teeth (hybrid ceramic Group), 10 teeth (Corona Steel group). These were fixed in pink acrylic cubes with Dimensions of 2x2x2 cm. A univariate analysis was performed and the variables that were taken into account were compressive resistance, obturation material, deciduous pillar tooth, time and number of compromised surfaces. The teeth were prepared the steel crowns were to be knife-edged and the hybrid ceramic should be free termination with right angle and rounded edge, these preparations were made with new Troncocónicas strawberries, red Halo 6 ¨ Sharp-tipped. The group that was to be cemented with hybrid ceramics was passed through a system of CAD/CAM scanner and after this the machine made the milling of the hybrid ceramic cubes. Cementation was done with resin cement with total engravingRelyx U200 and a cementing machine that exerted a pressure of 5 newtons for 3 minutes. 24 hours after cementation the 3 groups were taken to the Shimatzu AG-1 250kN testing machine where compressive resistance was assessed. After the test the Results: were obtained ;the teeth that increased compressive resistance had before the fracture threw the following values: In the control group was 1,387.5 N of the Crown Steel Group was 2,884.3 N and finally the group with hybrid ceramics was 1,603.1 N. Conclusions: the crowns with hybrid ceramics become an excellent option to restore deciduous teeth by presenting a compressive resistance similar to the group of natural teeth, with very good esthetics and biocompatibility. It also has biomechanical characteristics that do not affect the function of the ATM.