Herramientas de mitigación del riesgo cambiario en empresas exportadoras: un análisis de su efecto en la rentabilidad

Abstract

Exchange rate risk is a determining factor in the profitability of exporting companies, as fluctuations in exchange rates can affect their revenues and operating costs. This research analyzes the mitigation strategies employed by these companies, focusing on financial tools such as futures contracts, options, and swaps, as well as operational strategies to reduce exchange rate exposure. Through a systematic literature review in academic databases, it was identified that large corporations have easier access to these mechanisms, while small and medium-sized enterprises face economic barriers, a lack of knowledge, and limitations in their management capacity. Furthermore, macroeconomic factors such as inflation, political uncertainty, and market volatility affect the effectiveness of these strategies, highlighting the need for approaches tailored to each business context. The study concludes that combining financial instruments, public policies that facilitate access to hedging mechanisms, and the use of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence can optimize exchange rate risk management, allowing exporting companies to improve their financial stability and competitiveness in the global market.