Análisis comparativo del somatotipo, VO₂máx y velocidad en futbolistas Sub-15 de las ciudades de Tunja y Valledupar: influencia de la altitud en el rendimiento físico juvenil

Abstract

The practice of soccer and its contribution to physical development in youth is largely determined by an athlete's body composition and the altitude at which they train. Speed and maximum oxygen consumption are determining variables that characterize this game, which soccer players must develop for optimal performance in their athletic and competitive levels. However, the environment and altitude determine the physical adaptations that can be achieved through proper and consistent training. Therefore, we propose to determine and compare the somatotype, VO₂max, and speed of U-15 soccer players in two Colombian cities with completely different environments and altitudes. On the one hand, Valledupar, at 160 meters above sea level, and on the other, Tunja, at 2,820 meters above sea level. A total of 30 athletes were involved: 15 from Tunja and 15 from Valledupar (n=30). These were physically active athletes with a sports career of more than two years within their clubs. Anthropometric measurements were taken using a restricted ISAK profile (21 measurements), a 20-meter Course Navette test to measure maximum oxygen consumption, and 20-meter speed test to obtain maximum speed. These tests were conducted over two weeks, simultaneously in both cities, ensuring the necessary recovery times and environmental conditions for their performance. The results revealed significant differences in body composition and maximum oxygen consumption in both populations and contexts.