Prevalencia y factores asociados a patologías bucodentales en pacientes con síndrome de Down: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with oral pathologies in patients with Down syndrome reported in the literature. Materials and methods: We performed a systematic review, which included cross-sectional, cohort and case-control observational articles. Articles published during the period from January 2000 to January 2016 that were found in full text. The languages of the selected documents were in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The databases used were: PubMed, Science Direct, and Scielo. The population includes only children with Down syndrome. Results: A total of seven studies were selected, from 584 by depuration. There was a higher prevalence of oral pathologies such as bacterial plaque, dental calculus, gingivitis, periodontal disease, dental caries and malocclusion. Among the associated factors identified are the cognitive and motor status of the children, the lack of care by the caregivers, poor oral hygiene and poor utilization of dental services. Conclusions: There is a predominance of oral diseases such as caries and periodontal disease. Among the most common associated factors are poor oral hygiene, and poor access to the dentist. With regard to health promotion strategies for this population, education and guidance by the health professional, parents and childcare staff are required to help them to have good oral hygiene.