Derechos humanos y convivencia escolar: construcción colectiva de estrategias pedagógicas para mitigar el acoso escolar en la institución educativa Jesús Antonio Ramírez municipio de la esperanza norte de Santander

Abstract

This research addresses issues related to school climate and bullying at the Jesús Antonio Ramírez Educational Institution, located in La Esperanza, Norte de Santander. The social dynamics at this institution are characterized by conflict, exclusionary practices, and manifestations of violence that undermine the school environment. Within this context, the primary objective is to collaboratively develop pedagogical strategies grounded in human rights to strengthen the school climate and mitigate bullying among sixth-grade students. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach through Participatory Action Research (PAR), enabling the active involvement of students and teachers throughout the diagnosis, planning, action, and reflection phases. Data collection techniques included focus groups, participant observation, and field notes, fostering collective knowledge construction and the transformation of the educational reality. The results indicate that school climate is a dynamic process characterized by the coexistence of respectful practices and conflict-ridden situations. Furthermore, the implementation of participatory pedagogical strategies strengthened dialogue, shared responsibility, and the recognition of human rights, leading to significant progress in the development of coexistence agreements and the overall improvement of the school environment. The study concludes that this research approach constitutes a relevant pathway for promoting sustainable pedagogical transformations in educational contexts. Additionally, student participation is highlighted as a key factor in building inclusive school environments and fostering long-term educational change.