Caracterización fisiológica y antropométrica de un equipo profesional de jugadoras de futbol de salón de la cuidad de Tunja

Abstract

In Colombia, women's indoor soccer has experienced significant growth, particularly in cities like Tunja, where professional teams face high physical, technical, and tactical demands. This discipline is characterized by its explosive movements, frequent high-intensity demands, and high cardiovascular effort, which requires players with specific anthropometric and physiological profiles to enhance their athletic performance and reduce the risk of injury. However, there has been a lack of research on this subject, especially in Colombia, examining these variables in women's indoor soccer teams. This limits the design of test-based training programs tailored to the specific context. Based on this problem, the purpose of this study was to physiologically and anthropometrically characterize the professional team of women's indoor soccer players from the city of Tunja through the implementation of indirect field tests. A descriptive cross-sectional methodology was used, taking a group of 11 professional indoor soccer players from the senior category as the object of study. Tests such as the Illinois Agility Test (agility), Course Navette (aerobic capacity), 20-meter sprint (linear speed), Sit and Reach (flexibility), Abalakov jump (power with push-off), Jump Squat, and Counter Movement Jump (lower body explosive strength) were administered. The collected data were analyzed to identify relevant physiological and morphological patterns. The results showed that the players have a homogeneous body structure, which could indicate that they share the same training routine. Some trends related to playing position were detected, with body mass being more prominent in the pivots, although without statistically significant differences. Similarly, a correlation was observed between body fat and speed: higher body fat indicates lower speed; and between jump height and motor recovery, which could compromise locomotor performance and efficiency in explosive actions. Furthermore, the players demonstrated an adequate level of lower body power and good aerobic capacity. From a biomechanical perspective, bone structure was proportional and functional; however, it was evident that an increase in femoral length could have a negative impact on take-off velocity. Another variable evaluated was rest time. It was found that some players who slept less than 7 hours a day demonstrated good performance, which contrasts with the literature reviewed and suggests that individual factors may be an influence. The performance of players with and without injuries was compared, and the differences were minimal, although slight variations were observed in jumping power. This research represents an important contribution to the understanding of women's indoor soccer in regional contexts. The results present useful information for the creation of personalized and targeted training programs, injury prevention, and the promotion of equity in sports, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Well-being), 5 (Gender Equality), and 10 (Reduced Inequalities).