Caracterización de datos topográficos y biométricos en niños de 4 a 13 años del programa manejo integral de la miopía infantil de la Universidad Santo Tomás seccional Bucaramanga en el año 2024

Abstract

Childhood myopia represents a growing challenge in visual health worldwide, with significant increases in its prevalence and age of onset. The development of effective strategies for its control requires an adequate characterization of ocular parameters in pediatric population. The objective of this article is to describe the topographic and biometric parameters in children from 4 to 13 years old with myopia, belonging to the Comprehensive Management of Myopia in Children (MIMI) program of the Universidad Santo Tomás Bucaramanga in the year 2024. This article is a cross-sectional analytical observational study of 25 children with myopia. Sociodemographic factors, family history, visual activities and screen exposure time were evaluated. Ocular biometry (Lenstar®) and corneal topography (OCULUS Pentacam®) examinations were performed, analyzing axial length (LA) and mean corneal curvature (KM). The mean age was 9.72 years with female predominance (60%). The mean axial length was 25.20 mm (OD) and 25.14 mm (OI), with mean corneal curvature values of 43.6 D in both eyes. Eighty percent of participants reported cell phone/tablet use as their main visual activity, with a mean exposure time of 5.14 hours per day. Risk factors identified for further myopia progression included early myopia diagnosis (before age 5 years), family history, and prolonged screen exposure, highlighting the importance of early detection and follow-up in patients with predisposing factors.