Hallazgos y enfermedades bucales en pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Patients in the Intensive Care Unit are exposed to intraoral attachments and devic-es that are associated with deterioration of oral and mucosal health. To date, systematic reports of oral findings in these patients are scarce; due to the critical conditions they present where insti-tutional protocols must be followed to safeguard their integrity. Objective: to document the oral findings present in patients who have remained in the Intensive Care Unit. Materials and meth-ods: systematic review type study with search of articles in five databases, published between 2018 and 2023. A PICO question was constructed and the identified articles were downloaded in the reference manager Mendeley, where in a paired and blinded way title and abstract were reviewed. For eligibility verification, the pre-selected articles were exported to the rayyan appli-cation where full-text reading was performed for final debugging. The evaluation of methodo-logical quality was done with the JBI evaluation instrument. This research is cataloged without risk where copyrights were respected by exercising the right of citation, according to Law 1915 of 2018 and 1032 of 2006. Results: a total of 1553 articles were identified and 11 studies were finally included by means of PRISMA methodology, of which 54% were retrieved from Pub-med, 91% published in English. The country with the most publications was Brazil (36%). The most documented oral care was tooth brushing. Of the oral findings, gingivitis was the most fre-quent event. Conclusion: Although oral care is provided in high proportion in critically ill pa-tients, oral findings such as gingivitis and ulcers are very frequent. Therefore, the participation of the dentist in the integral care of the patient in the ICU is fundamental.