Ambiente de negocios para la internacionalización de pequeñas y medianas empresas en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga

Abstract

SMEs have various possibilities to enter international markets. These possibilities include geographical location, the type of product offered, access to ports and airports, international treaties, and especially the laws and regulations that each country has to obtain a license to export. There are also processes of internationalization on the world stage, which involve reviewing the trade agreements that the country has. Colombia has a heterogeneity of SMEs, so when considering the internationalization of their products, it is essential to evaluate labor productivity, which is a determining factor in explaining the export orientation of companies. SMEs, in particular, have the internal conditions necessary to internationalize, but there are also exogenous factors of the cultural type, such as the business environment. The business environment can be defined as external factors or events that occur to an organization, which can be beneficial or harmful. The behavior of Santander's exports between 2020 - 2021 left a positive balance. The department ranked in the top 10 of the regions in terms of internationalization and was positioned second with the highest growth in the country. Compared to the same period of the previous year, the GDP had a growth of 9.4%. Bucaramanga has the potential to export because during 2020, 360 companies were registered, which are the largest in the department. According to data from the Chamber of Commerce of Bucaramanga and its Competitiveness Observatory, 83% of the total number of companies registered in Santander are located in the AMB.