Maltrato institucional y riesgo de maltrato contra personas adultas mayores: reporte de cuidadores y administrativos de Santander, Colombia
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Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
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El maltrato contra las personas adultas mayores puede darse en diversos contextos. Uno de los entornos con alto riesgo de maltrato son las instituciones que prestan servicios geriátricos, los cuidadores directos y los administrativos son quienes suelen ejercer los malos tratos en estos contextos. Es por lo anterior que se propone esta investigación cuantitativa de alcance correlacional, en la que se implementa un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia para obtener una muestra de 96 personas, de 23 centros de bienestar de Santander. Se utilizó una encuesta ad hoc de 33 preguntas dirigida a cuidadores y administrativos de las instituciones geriátricas. La finalidad del estudio fue identificar la relación que existe entre el reporte de maltrato contra el adulto mayor y el riesgo de maltrato geriátrico asociado al cuidador formal. La muestra evaluada evidencia una baja prevalencia de maltrato y un bajo riesgo de maltrato, mientras que los reportes de negligencia y maltrato psicológico fueron los más elevados. Se identificó que la presencia del maltrato se asocia con factores de riesgo, como percibir una pérdida de interés por la labor y desagrado por trabajar con la población mayor. Adicionalmente, en los cuidadores formales, el maltrato se relaciona con el pensamiento de que tienen demasiadas responsabilidades, y en los administrativos se relaciona con la creencia de que no ofrecen cuidados óptimos. Entender los factores de riesgo de maltrato asociados a los cuidadores ‒como la presencia de estereotipos, inadecuado ambiente laboral y percepción de carga laboral‒ son vitales para el diseño de estrategias que permitan prevenir esta forma de maltrato.
Abuse against older adults can occur in various contexts, one of the environments with a high risk of abuse is the institutions that provide geriatric services; Direct and administrative caregivers are the ones who usually carry out ill-treatment. It is for the above that this quantitative research of correlational scope is proposed, in which a non-probabilistic convenience sampling is implemented to obtain a sample of 96 people from 23 Welfare Centers in Santander. An ad hoc survey of 33 questions addressed to caregivers and administrators of geriatric institutions was used. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the report of abuse against the elderly and the risk of geriatric abuse associated with the formal caregiver. The sample evaluated shows a low prevalence of abuse and a low risk of abuse; the highest reports were about neglect and psychological abuse. It was identified that the presence of abuse is associated with risk factors such as perceiving a loss of interest in work and dislike of working with the elderly population; additionally, in formal caregivers, mistreatment is related to the thought that they have too many responsibilities, and in administrative caregivers it is related to the belief that they do not offer optimal care. Understanding the risk factors for abuse associated with caregivers, such as the presence of stereotypes, an inadequate work environment and the perception of workload, are vital for designing strategies to prevent this form of abuse.
Abuse against older adults can occur in various contexts, one of the environments with a high risk of abuse is the institutions that provide geriatric services; Direct and administrative caregivers are the ones who usually carry out ill-treatment. It is for the above that this quantitative research of correlational scope is proposed, in which a non-probabilistic convenience sampling is implemented to obtain a sample of 96 people from 23 Welfare Centers in Santander. An ad hoc survey of 33 questions addressed to caregivers and administrators of geriatric institutions was used. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the report of abuse against the elderly and the risk of geriatric abuse associated with the formal caregiver. The sample evaluated shows a low prevalence of abuse and a low risk of abuse; the highest reports were about neglect and psychological abuse. It was identified that the presence of abuse is associated with risk factors such as perceiving a loss of interest in work and dislike of working with the elderly population; additionally, in formal caregivers, mistreatment is related to the thought that they have too many responsibilities, and in administrative caregivers it is related to the belief that they do not offer optimal care. Understanding the risk factors for abuse associated with caregivers, such as the presence of stereotypes, an inadequate work environment and the perception of workload, are vital for designing strategies to prevent this form of abuse.
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elderly adult, institutional abuse, negligence, caregivers, risk of abuse, vejez, maltrato institucional, riesgo de maltrato, negligencia, cuidadores