Traducción y adaptación de un cuestionario de CAPS para médicos sobre prevención de enfermedades orales

Abstract

Introduction Due to the high prevalence of dental caries and associated diseases, like gingivitis and alterations like malocclusions, it is considered a public health problem. The pediatrician has a fundamental role since he is the first health professional with whom the infant has its first contact with. The use of a questionnaire for measuring the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases, developed and validated in another country, implies the need of doing a series of steps to achieve a cross-cultural adaptation and to ensure a full understanding of it. The instrument to be used is a questionnaire developed, structured and validated by Gabriella Di Giussepe and collaborators in 2006, which was published in English. The questionnaire consists of a total of 63 items or questions which are grouped into five domains. Objective To perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the “Knowledge attitude and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases in Italy” questionnaire, developed, structured and validated by Gabriella Di Giussepe and collaborators. Materials and Methods: An evaluation study of diagnostic technologies was performed when making the translation and the cross-cultural adaption of a questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes and practices, developed, structured and validated in another country. This process contained seven phases (translation, content validation, analysis of results and corrections to the questionnaire, facial validation, internal consistency validation, generation of the final version of the questionnaire and inverse translation), which ensured complete fulfillment with the determined requirements for a correct translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire to be used. Results: Complying with the proposed phases, in first place, the translation from the language of origin into the language to which it was wanted to adapt was made; in this case it was from English to Spanish and it was done by two certified translators by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The validation of the content of the instrument was carried out by a committee made up of five experts in different health branches. Some type of observation or suggestion was found in 24 of the 54 questions that made up the questionnaire. As a part of the facial validation process, the questionnaire was performed to 20 pediatricians, who answered and examined each of the questions and statements of the questionnaire. After examining the internal consistency of the whole questionnaire, a 0.80 consistency was observed, meaning a good result. To consolidate the final version of the questionnaire, the research group performed a detailed analysis of the entire procedure that was carried out. The results that the expert judges and the pediatrician doctors obtained were taken into account, in addition to the observations and suggestions proposed by them. The final version consolidated by the researcher and the director was submitted to a reverse translation in order to establish the semantic and conceptual differences regarding original questionnaire. Conclusions A questionnaire made up about knowledge, attitudes and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of diseases of the oral cavity was translated and culturally adapted to Spanish.