Sistemas de administración de estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis: una revisión de literatura
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https://revistas.ustabuca.edu.co/index.php/USTASALUD_ODONTOLOGIA/article/view/2186
10.15332/us.v17i0.2186
10.15332/us.v17i0.2186
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Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Bucaramanga
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La periodontitis es la inflamación de los tejidos periodontales que puede causar destrucción de los tejidos de soporte del diente, ocasionando pérdida ósea y dental. La periodontitis crónica es causada por bacterias periodontopatógenas como Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitams, Tannerella forsythia y Treponema dentícola, que activan el sistema inmune innato y adaptativo. El tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal involucra estrategias no quirúrgicas como el raspaje y alisado radicular y tratamiento adjunto que incluye la administración de antibióticos sistémicos y locales como metronidazol, amoxicilina, tetraciclinas, además del uso de estatinas; fármacos utilizados principalmente contra la hiperlipidemia como la simvastatina. El uso de estatinas en la enfermedad periodontal, es dado por su efecto antiinflamatorio, además de estimular la formación ósea, la angiogénesis y su actividad antimicrobiana. Para la aplicación de estos fármacos en el tratamiento de la periodontitis crónica se han utilizado diferentes medios de administración, como: geles, fibras, películas, vesículas, y nanopartículas, destacándose el gel como el sistema preferido para liberar y transportar estatinas, el cual reduce los efectos adversos de la administración sistémica y son más efectivos para la cicatrización ósea. En periodoncia, las estatinas han mostrado una disminución en los parámetros clínicos periodontales después de 6 meses de tratamiento. Sin embargo, existen pocas revisiones temáticas que permitan a la comunidad académica reunir la información pertinente al respecto. Por lo anterior, se vio la necesidad de realizar una revisión de la literatura con el fin de describir los sistemas de administración local y sistémica de estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis.
Periodontitis corresponds to periodontal tissue inflammation and causing tissue destruction of tooth support leading to bone and tooth loss. Chronic periodontitis is caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola subgingival that activate the innate and adaptative immune system. The treatment of chronic periodontal disease involves non-surgical strategies like scaling and root planning and Adjuncts medical treatment includes the use of systemic and local antibiotics such as metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracyclines, and statins. Statins are drugs used mainly against hyperlipidemia. Statins most used are simvastatin. In periodontal disease is used to their anti-inflammatory effect. Also statins have positive effects on bone formation, angiogenesis and antimicrobial activity. Different local drug delivery systems have been used in treatment of chronic periodontitis. The systems includes: gels, fibres, films, vesicles, nanoparticles but currently the system prefered to release and transport statins is gel. These drugs are most effective for bone healing. In periodontics, statins has shown decrease of periodontal clinical parameters, after 6 months of treatment. However, there are few thematic reviews that allow the academic community to gather relevant information in this regard. Due to the above, we saw the need to carry out a review of the literature in order to describe the systems of local and systemic administration of statins in the treatment of periodontitis.
Periodontitis corresponds to periodontal tissue inflammation and causing tissue destruction of tooth support leading to bone and tooth loss. Chronic periodontitis is caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola subgingival that activate the innate and adaptative immune system. The treatment of chronic periodontal disease involves non-surgical strategies like scaling and root planning and Adjuncts medical treatment includes the use of systemic and local antibiotics such as metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracyclines, and statins. Statins are drugs used mainly against hyperlipidemia. Statins most used are simvastatin. In periodontal disease is used to their anti-inflammatory effect. Also statins have positive effects on bone formation, angiogenesis and antimicrobial activity. Different local drug delivery systems have been used in treatment of chronic periodontitis. The systems includes: gels, fibres, films, vesicles, nanoparticles but currently the system prefered to release and transport statins is gel. These drugs are most effective for bone healing. In periodontics, statins has shown decrease of periodontal clinical parameters, after 6 months of treatment. However, there are few thematic reviews that allow the academic community to gather relevant information in this regard. Due to the above, we saw the need to carry out a review of the literature in order to describe the systems of local and systemic administration of statins in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Estatinas, periodontitis, sistemas de administración, Statins, periodontitis, drug delivery system
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