Evaluación de la respuesta inflamatoria mediante un hemograma en pacientes con periodontitis leve, moderada y severa de la Universidad Santo Tomás, seccional Bucaramanga

Abstract

Introduction: periodontitis is an affection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth which will lead too bone a loss. This disease is characterized by local and systemic factors that progress rapidly generating this pathology. In Colombia there are no bibliographic references that complements the literature regarding the use of the blood count as a complementary test or as a differential diagnostic test for the mild, moderate and severe stages of periodontitis. Objective: to determinate, by using the blood count, the changes on the count of the different cellular groups that make up the blood in patients with mild, moderate and severe periodontitis. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. 18 patients were selected (9 controls-9 cases) who attended USTA clinics, underwent through periodontal clinical examination and general medical history and were divided in two groups (healthy and diagnosed with mild, moderate and severe periodontitis) subsequently they underwent a blood test to obtain a type IV hemogram. Prior informed consent is signed. The database in Excel is filled in duplicate. For the univariate statistical analysis according to its distribution, the Shapiro Wilk test was applied, and for the bivariate analysis, Student’s T test and non-normal Wilcoxon non-parametric test were applied. Ethical considerations are taken into account according to the resolution 008430 of 1993. Results: the eosinophils were increased in the group of patients with periodontitis with a statistically significative difference; regarding the percentage of eosinophils in patients with periodontitis, their mean was 5,46 (SD=4,31) and in healthy patients their mean was 2,62 (SD=1,66) and the count per milliliter of the mean eosinophils in patients with periodontitis was 394.44 (SD=348,85) and in healthy patients the mean was 171,11 (SD=130,52) with a value of p<0.05. In the other cell lines, no significant differences were observed. Conclusions: The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the population were determined, as well as the count by cellular type in the blood count, according to the objectives that were set. No differences were observed in sex, age, origin, education level, and systemic diseases between cases and controls, which guaranteed the comparability of the groups. Regarding the periodontal clinical variables, significant expected differences between the cases with periodontitis and controls were evidenced. Eosinophils in blood, both in the count per milliliter and in the percentage in relation to all leukocytes, showed a greater value in patients with periodontitis compared to controls with periodontal health.