Evaluación de presencia de microcracks en dientes de único conducto utilizando 2 tipos de instrumentación rotatoria. Estudio ex vivo

Abstract

Problem: Although microcrack formation is a frequent phenomenon that can compromise dental integrity and increase the risk of vertical fractures, there is no consensus in the literature on the predisposing factors or which system is safer. Objective: To evaluate the formation of microcracks during endodontic instrumentation in uniradicular teeth, comparing the ProTaper Next and Wave One Gold rotary systems. The hypothesis is that the choice of instrumentation system significantly influences microcrack formation. Methods: 43 uniradicular teeth were used, divided into three groups: Wave One Gold, ProTaper Next and a control group. After instrumentation, the presence of microcracks was evaluated by microscopic inspection. The variables analyzed included the instrumentation system, dental anatomy and the operator. Results: It was demonstrated that 62.79% of the teeth did not present microcracks. A statistically significant association was found between the instrumentation system and microcrack formation (p = 0.021), with the control group being free of microcracks. In addition, no significant associations were observed with dental anatomy or operator. Conclusion: Microcrack formation is not inevitable, but is influenced by the instrumentation system used. The instrumentation systems evaluated showed significant differences in relation to the incidence of microcracks. A greater presence of these phenomena was determined with the Wave One Gold system. It is important for the clinician to select systems that minimize dentin damage and preserve the structural integrity of the tooth during endodontic treatment.