Inteligencia Artificial y Acceso a la Justicia Constitucional: Desafíos Éticos Para Reducir Desigualdades

Abstract

This article analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence on access to constitutional justice in contexts of social inequality from an ethical and socio-legal perspective. The research problem focuses on determining how the implementation of LegalTech tools, under frameworks of human oversight, can contribute to reducing structural barriers that limit the effective exercise of the right to defense among vulnerable populations. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative, analytical-comparative approach based on the examination of the constitutional systems of Colombia and México, as well as relevant doctrinal, regulatory, and jurisprudential analysis. The findings indicate that, while artificial intelligence has a democratizing potential by lowering costs and facilitating access to legal services, it also entails risks related to algorithmic bias, digital exclusion, and the depersonalization of legal judgment. Consequently, the article proposes ethical and regulatory guidelines aimed at ensuring the inclusive, transparent, and responsible use of these technologies, while safeguarding their complementarity with the human function in the administration of justice.