Valoración de riesgos para prevenir y/o mitigar la materialización de desastres naturales desde la economía del bien común

Abstract

In Colombia, a country where natural disaster risks are the order of the day, has been characterized by having a Disaster Risk Management system that has matured over time, however despite being a mechanism that has paid off , it is evident that the wellbeing of the population and therefore of the economy is not based solely on the quantitative analysis of the damages, nor on the risk prevention from the territorial point of view, it must seek a prevention and therefore a formulation of solutions to the materialization of risks that includes variables as defined by the Economy of the Common Good. When analyzing the impacts that natural disasters have had on the colombian regions in the last 50 years, and of those more recent, it is noted that the impacts have been more dramatic due to the lack of clear policies of territorial ordering, the displacement of personnel due to the time of violence, where they have been located in areas not controlled and insecure of the main cities of Colombia, in addition to this the exploitation of natural resources, deforestation and the settlement of the population in high risk areas, as well In addition, the most vulnerable regions are affected by the scarcity of resources and degradation of their productive sectors. Natural disasters manage to impact the economy of the country, due to the damage that they generate directly on the population; However, they are not analyzed from the perspective of damage to society, what the local economy fails to perceive and how the community is affected in its development and growth line, in turn impacts the territory and prospectively the growth objectives from the country. It is notable that the regulations defined by the government do not include a model for analyzing financial and economic risks for natural disasters, which considers the impact on the productive chains, the economic lines of each region, but the financial mechanism to safeguard the assets of the state and to solve the resources that are required for economic contingencies in favor of the response to the emergency, leaving aside mechanisms that help the community to recover its economy, sources of work and individual development that in turn has repercussions on the collective and it transcends the territorial scope Although the adoption of a CBE model in a municipality is of great contribution to changing the vision of the economy, the model does not include a risk assessment, in such a way that it allows identifying which scenarios could impact the development and fulfillment of the objectives of the BBC and an analysis of the main threats to which a municipality is exposed, which could therefore affect compliance with the EBC indicators, thus being a model vulnerable to threats in the territory, preventing mitigation actions from being taken. impacts in the event of materializing. This research can be applied in Colombia by adjusting the risk criteria focused on the impact towards the EBC variables, improving the risk indicator models that make it possible to measure resilience by associating the incidence of the EBC variables, and in Spain the contribution according to Its results is to incorporate a risk assessment model that allows dimensioning those scenarios that would prevent the achievement of the objectives of the EBC for each variable for the municipalities certified in EBC.