Maestría Ciencias Económicas

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/158

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 117

Proyecto de sustentación de ingresos de las personas privadas de la libertad en Bogotá
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-21) Moreno Pulido, Camila; Delgado Nieto, laura; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001503954; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=E9_YkfgAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-1747
The Colombian prison system faces an Unconstitutional State of Affairs (ECI) marked by overcrowding and fiscal unsustainability. This article analyzes the economic, administrative, and legal feasibility of a remote work model for incarcerated individuals in Bogotá, motivated by the current digital regulatory void and the need for rehabilitation alternatives. Using a qualitative, analytical-deductive methodology, the proposal evaluates distributing labor income among fines, victim reparation, prison maintenance, and savings. Results indicate the model is viable under centralized INPEC administration and secure technological supervision. It is concluded that remote work is an effective instrument to reduce public expenditure, lower recidivism, and materialize social rehabilitation, transforming fiscal burden into restorative productivity.
Análisis empírico de la incidencia de las tasas de interés en la evolución de los montos de recursos administrados en los fondos voluntarios de pensiones y CDT en Colombia (2007-2025)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-02-10) González González, Luis Fernando; Ortegon Salazar, Michael Smith; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001633498; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=iCG42a0AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5860-0282; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4378-4874
This study analyzes the relationship between changes in the Central Bank of Colombia’s (Banco de la República) policy rate and the behavior of savings managed through Certificates of Deposit (CDT) and Voluntary Pension Funds (FVP). Using historical information from 2007–2025, four econometric models were estimated: two focused on assessing the relationship between the policy rate and the growth rates of CDT and FVP, and two additional models that examine how the Central Bank’s Nominal Rate directly affects the amounts managed in each instrument. The main objective is to evaluate the impact of the intervention rate on the evolution of managed savings volumes, using a correlational approach that identifies response patterns between the analyzed series. The results show that CDT exhibit greater sensitivity to monetary policy movements, consistent with the models that revealed stronger statistical significance and higher positive coefficients. Specifically, a 1% increase in the policy rate is associated with a rise of approximately 7.18% in CDT balances, highlighting their short-term nature and rapid response to changes in financial returns. In contrast, FVP maintain more stable behavior and are less dependent on monetary fluctuations, as confirmed by the low coefficients and reduced R² values across the models, reflecting their long-term savings orientation. These differences help explain how households reallocate savings under different interest rate scenarios and provide insights to strengthen savings management in contexts of high financial volatility.
Analisis de la tenencia de vivienda en el Distrito Capital
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-01-28) Parra Sanchez, Olga lucia; Cortes Salazar, Alberto; Alean Romero Augusto Andres, Augusto Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás
Housing tenure is a structural element of household well-being and quality of life, and its analysis is a fundamental tool for evaluating socioeconomic conditions in urban and national contexts. From a conceptual perspective, the literature defines housing tenure as the way in which a person or household has the right to inhabit a property, whether through ownership, rental, or other forms of occupancy, such as usufruct or other forms of assignment (1). This indicator is widely used in social and economic studies, as it reflects not only the economic capacity of households but also the dynamics of the real estate market, access to credit, residential stability, and the effectiveness of public housing policies. In Colombia, the Quality of Life Survey (ECV), conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), is one of the main official sources for characterizing household living conditions, including information on housing tenure (8). According to national results published by DANE, renting has become the predominant housing option in recent years. In 2023, approximately 39.5% of households owned their homes, while 40.3% rented (7). By 2024, these proportions remained relatively stable, with approximately 39.6% of households owning their homes and around 40.4% renting (6). This comparison, based on official technical bulletins, suggests a national context characterized by the persistence of renting as the dominant form of tenure and relative stability in homeownership levels. Bogotá D.C., as the country's main metropolitan area and capital, concentrates urban, economic, and demographic dynamics that tend to intensify these patterns observed at the national level. Several local studies and reports have indicated that in the city, the proportion of households living in rented accommodation exceeds that of those residing in their own homes, a phenomenon associated with factors such as high land costs, restrictions on access to mortgage credit, labor mobility, and income inequality (4). In this context, it is pertinent to specifically analyze housing tenure in Bogotá D.C. in order to understand how these dynamics manifest themselves in a highly complex urban environment. This study focuses on the analysis of housing tenure in Bogotá D.C. for the year 2024, using aggregated data by department and sex of household head from the ECV-Sex 2024 Annex. Additionally, different machine learning models are implemented and compared to identify which variables explain, within the limitations of the available dataset, the percentage of households with their own homes. Although the reference to 2023 is used only as a descriptive national context, the empirical analysis and model estimation are restricted to the year 2024, explicitly recognizing the limitations arising from the use of aggregated information and the absence of a time series.
El rol de la escasez en la determinación del valor de cambio: Una aproximación empírica basada en juegos de mercado
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-01-23) Torres Escarraga, Carlos Felipe; Seoane Salazar, Martín Esteban; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TU_W9DEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-4793
This research report empirically analyzes Walrasian scarcity theory of value using an experimental design based on market games. The study begins with a competitive general equilibrium model for two goods and two individuals, employing Cobb-Douglas utility functions. It develops the model algebraically and presents three numerical examples illustrating different equilibrium configurations. Furthermore, it establishes a methodological framework grounded in a theoretical approach, allowing the model's predictions to be subjected to empirical testing and its explanatory power to be evaluated. Based on this framework, an experiment is designed in which students act as economic agents and directly express their preferences between two goods (bonds). These preferences are normalized using percentages, which serve as weighting parameters for the preferences within the Cobb-Douglas function, reflecting the importance each participant assigns to each good. With these parameterized preferences and the endowments (bonds) that individuals have, the central objective is to evaluate whether the relative prices that emerge in the laboratory correspond to the relative scarcity predicted by Walras.
Relación entre la tasa global de fecundidad y el PIB per cápita en las economías de altos ingresos de américa latina y el caribe en el siglo XXI
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-12-17) Porras Ortiz, Liesel Victoria; Rodríguez Triana, Aura Inés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002135211
The relationship traditionally observed between higher income levels and lower fertility has undergone notable changes in recent decades. This study analyzes the relationship between the Total Fertility Rate and GDP per capita in high-income economies of Latin America and the Caribbean during the period 2000–2020, taking into account social and institutional factors such as female labor force participation, urbanization, and public spending on health and education. The econometric results identify a positive and statistically significant association between GDP per capita and fertility, revealing a demographic pattern that differs from the predictions of classical demographic transition theory. Likewise, work–family reconciliation policies contribute to maintaining stable fertility levels. These findings suggest that, in favorable social and institutional contexts, economic development can coexist with reproductive stability, providing relevant insights for public policy design and for understanding demographic trends in the region.
Efecto del Recaudo Fiscal en la Desigualdad de Ingresos en Colombia para el Periodo 2008-2021
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-01-13) Araque, Maria Jimena; Rodriguez, Aura; Universidad Santo Tomás
Territorial inequalities in Colombia have been widely debated, particularly because, despite the use of instruments such as fiscal policy to reduce them, they continue to persist. Although economic theory recognizes the redistributive potential of taxes and transfers, empirical evidence linking tax revenues to inequality remains limited. In this context, this paper aims to identify the effect of tax revenues on inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, across Colombian departments over the 2008–2021 period. To address this objective, a balanced panel is constructed for 23 departments, and one- and two-way fixed-effects panel data models are estimated, progressively incorporating different sources of public revenues alongside social and economic controls. The main results show an inverse relationship between tax revenues and inequality, which is more stable when revenues are measured at the aggregated municipal level rather than at the departmental level. Once social controls—particularly the incidence of monetary poverty—are included, the effect of departmental tax revenues loses statistical significance, whereas municipal revenues remain stable and significant. This suggests that social conditions are strongly associated with inequality, while municipal fiscal revenues retain an independent effect on the Gini coefficient. finally, the findings highlight the importance of strengthening municipal fiscal capacity and aligning it with targeted social policies to reduce inequality gaps.
Acumulación de capital y población obrera relativa: Una mirada al desempleo juvenil en Colombia 2007 - 2024
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-01-20) Bermúdez Mendoza, Giovanny; López Naranjo, Héctor Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001430735; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002003193
Youth unemployment is predominantly studied from orthodox and heterodox economic theory. However, studies from Marxist economic theory are margina Youth unemployment is predominantly studied from orthodox and heterodox economic theory. However, studies from Marxist economic theory are marginal. Thus, this study analyzes youth unemployment in Colombia during the period 2007–2024 using two theories: Karl Marx's theory of the relative working population and Anwar Shaikh's critique of neoclassical and heterodox unemployment theories. It proposes to explain youth unemployment based on its correlation with capital accumulation and labor market exclusion, demonstrating that this phenomenon is a structural, necessary, and permanent condition of Colombian capitalism. The study suggests that both categories capture the problem with 54% significance in the long term and 70% in the short term; furthermore, it establishes a structural youth unemployment coefficient of 5.74 for the long term and 0.12 for the short term. Also, a reproduction coefficient of the relative youth working population is established in the long term of 0.503 and for the short term of 0.552, for each point increase in youth unemployment; and an inverse relationship between investment and youth unemployment of -0.92 and -0.16 depending on the short and long term.
Estrategia para la implementación de instrumentos de coberturas para la estabilización de los costos en el sector automotriz Colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022) González Aguilar, Jesús Alejandro; Parra Jiménez, Orlando Dario; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001454940; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Vc_DuRQAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000507229; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-8757
This research explores the implementation of hedging instruments to stabilize import costs in the Colombian automotive sector. A comprehensive analysis of the sector is carried out, identifying levels of exchange rate exposure and exchange rate risk using the Value at Risk (VaR) tool. The Black & Scholes model is employed to value hedging instruments, specifically options, and determine the optimal hedging level using the Minimum Variance Hedging Ratio (RCMV) method. The study's findings indicate that companies in the automotive import sector can increase their profitability by 1.5% to 10.8% annually by implementing hedging strategies with options to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. The optimal number of option contracts needed to cover each company's monetary exposure risk is determined. The conclusion is that the implementation of options is an effective strategy to stabilize import costs and improve profitability in the Colombian automotive sector. It is recommended to conduct a precise diagnosis of exchange rate exposure and associated risk, carefully evaluate the different hedging strategies available, and establish a monitoring and adjustment process to ensure effectiveness over time.
Impacto de la regulacion de precios de medicamentos alto costa para el tratamiento de patologias asociadas a hemato-oncologia en Colombia, 2011-2015.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016) Gonzalez Riaño, Inirida Yiceth; Universidad Santo Tomás
Pobreza y Distribución del Ingreso en Colombia y América Latina ¿Un Problema o Una Característica?
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Velandia Prieto, Oscar Iván; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001490088; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-8590
Given the appropriate conceptualization of poverty, inequality, income distribution and social spending in Latin America, particularly Colombia, this paper intends to make an analysis of these indicators and their influence on economic development recognizing the problems in the social, political, economic, cultural that exists today and its evolution in recent decades, using CEPAL statistics, measures the percentage of poor people by interest groups. From there, we introduce some theoretical hypotheses for the study and reduction of poverty, income distribution and seeking to create awareness and help improve the quality of life for those who are and are considered poor.
Influencia de los Espacios Verdes Urbanos y la Percepción de Seguridad en los Precios de Vivienda en Bogotá.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Roa Chavez, Gerson; Gómez, John; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001931024
This research aims to analyze how green spaces, measured by the total number of trees in various localities of Bogotá, influence the perception of security, and how these perceptions affect housing prices. To achieve this, spatial autoregressive models (SAR) were employed to capture spatial autocorrelation and mediation models were used to examine direct and indirect effects. The primary data was extracted from the Mercado Libre website using web scraping techniques. The results show that green spaces have a direct negative effect on housing prices, although not statistically significant in all specifications. Additionally, green spaces significantly reduce the perception of insecurity, which in turn has a significant negative effect on housing prices. Perception of insecurity acts as a partial mediator in this relationship. Mediation indicators show that although the mediated effect is small, its contribution is marginally significant. Between 12.1% and 47% of the impact of green spaces on housing prices is mediated by the perception of security, indicating a complex relationship between green spaces, security perception, and real estate value. The Sobel p-value, which measures the statistical significance of the mediated effect, was found close to the threshold of significance (0.056 and 0.072), suggesting that mediation by perception of insecurity is relevant but not conclusive. This is corroborated by robustness analyses, in which mediation indicators differ and are not significant in several models. Although green spaces have a positive impact by reducing the perception of insecurity, this mediated effect does not always translate into a significant increase in housing prices, suggesting that other factors may be influencing real estate valuation in Bogotá.
Relevancia de las Normas Colombianas de Información Financiera y la Reducción de la Asimetría de la Información.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2017) García Carrillo, Jorge Fernando; Laverde Sarmientos, Miguel Ángel; Patiño Jacinto, Ruth Alejandra; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001608120; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001579690; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=vwc2i2MAAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=l8tgHewAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-1094; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9195
Incidencia de los Instrumentos de Captura de Valor del Suelo en el Indice de Ciudades Modernas de las Diez Ciudades Capitales Aglomeradas entre 2010 Y 2020
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023) Guzmán Lozano, Saúl Camilo; Gutierrez, Diana; Universidad Santo Tomás
Today the world population lives in the so-called modern cities every day, which generates administrations and governments to provide public goods such as equipment and public endowments, among which are health services, education, culture, security, public roads, public spaces, access to public services, and transportation, and of course decent housing. The needs guarantee in an important way the fulfillment of principles such as fairness, justice, and equality among all the inhabitants of the cities. However. all provision of the public goods must be financed by governments; such financing in principle must be done through taxes (taxes, rates, and contributions). However, within the sphere of influence of territorial planning and urban law, there are financing instruments that arise from the generation of land value by local authorities; such land value capture instruments should be sufficient to finance an important part of the infrastructures. Thus, based on the above, it is proposed to point out the relationship between the use of land value capture instruments in the main Colombian cities and the index of modern cities, seeking to find out how the use of such financing tools allow or influence the development of the city itself.
Comparación Metodológica Desde Una Perspectiva De La Economía Conductual Para Identificar Las Variables Que Afectan La Inversión Financiera En El Caso Colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Ballesteros Rozo, Javier Humberto; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001677927
Financial investment by agents is an economic phenomenon that arises from a decision process: taking a course of action by evaluating certain variables in the hope of obtaining a result with utility. To understand the peculiar variables that have more impact on decision making, it is proposed to contrast variables of an orthodox order with non-rational variables. Methodological individualism is compared against a proposal without additive properties of the agents, that is, without reductionism. For the individualistic method, a truth table model with Logit regressions is used, while the 'non-reductionist' method uses a new experimental design.
El crecimiento endógeno local de las principales ciudades de Colombia desde el año 2005 hasta el 2019 a partir de la realización del mundial de Fútbol categoría Sub-20 en el año 2011
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-04-17) Rueda Cespedes, Felipe; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001793498; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=0auV6-oAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0150-2603
Sport has gained great strength within the world economy, since it has been shown that it can be considered an economic good, since there is an entire production around it in order to be consumed by its clients, this has led various economists to investigate in this regard, taking into account the economic weight considered as an economic sector of a country or even estimating the economic impact of sporting events of special relevance in a country or region. Currently, the political or private sector promotes the holding or awarding of sporting events in some region, as it is considered to be a source of direct and induced benefits. The importance of holding these events has surpassed their sporting essence, focusing more on a social, economic and political sphere, however on many occasions the impact of these events on local economic development has been overvalued, since according to research carried out in the western continent, in North America and even in Brazil, the effects are not directly on local economic development, but more on the generation of wealth for developers or sponsors. In Colombia, there has been an increase in the holding of sporting events in the main cities of the country, which are carried out from the premise of employment generation, local economic growth, sports and cultural development, however, it is considered that it is important to determine and evaluate from an academic perspective whether the realization of said events has resulted in economic development for the region that held them or if, on the contrary, their realization has not boosted the economy.
La Demanda Internacional De Esmeraldas en Colombia y sus Efectos en la Producción Minera 2000-2020
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-17) Guo, Jia; López Naranjo, Hector Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001430735; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=m0EeCHEAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-9466
The objective of this study was to analyze the emerald sector in relation to external demand and its current situation. external demand and its current situation. A methodology was developed to characterize the demand using descriptive descriptive statistics and econometric analysis with time series, which allowed us to see its response over time and to know why the current crisis in the emerald which allowed to see its response over time and to know why the current crisis in the sector. Although in the production function of emeralds exports are part of the production function, there are exogenous factors that affected the demand for emeralds. exogenous factors that affected production were analyzed in this paper document.
Sectores potenciales y sensibles al comercio internacional de las regiones centro y cafetera de Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2015-05-04) Galvez Sabogal, Jeane Fernanda; Sanchez Casilimas, Mauricio; Junca Rodríguez, Gustavo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000508152
After the latest Free Trade Agreement (FTA) signed by Colombia, Mexico, USA and the European Community, is important to analyze the competitiveness of sectors related to international trade in the region Central and the region Coffee, who together represent over 50% of national GDP. Therefore, as is showed into the present investigation, is necessary to identify the more sensible and potential sectors from each of the mentioned regions through the CEPAL-MAGIC and Commercial Competitiveness Revealed (CCR) during 2008-2011 time periods, using the sectorial data according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) at 3 digits level by country and year. The results shows that the potential sectors for the Central region are based on the bilateral trade between them and the United States, and sensitive sectors of the region Coffee are given product marketing with the European Union.
Investigación social generada en el departamento de Guainía a partir del uso del servicio financiero DaviPlata
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2015-09-21) Amaya Martinez, José Manuel; Hurtado Llanos, Jesús A.; García Norato, Olga Marina; Universidad Santo Tomás; http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000655074; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=kRtWe3oAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-3033
The aim is to demonstrate the social prospective generated in the department of Guainía, validating the social impact on health and education, from the establishment of the DaviPlata financial product during the period 2012 - 2014. We began by identifying and characterising the population that benefited from the DaviPlata service from 2007 to 2014, in order to justify the effect on the categories of analysis health and education, considered in the More Families in Action programme, since this was taken as a reference for this research. The quality and coverage in health and education of the department's beneficiary population was validated in order to endorse the hypothesis that imagined a positive impact in social terms for the beneficiary community.
Análisis de eficiencia económica en el cultivo de arroz riego en Colombia: una aproximación con frontera estocástica (2007-2012)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2014-03-17) Mejía Mejía, Andrés Daniel; Villamil Mendoza, Miguel; Díaz Valencia, Gustavo Adolfo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000146749; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=d1q1UlwAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-8223
This investigation empirically determined the Technical (TE), Economic (EE) and Allocative Efficiency (AE) in the production of irrigate paddy rice in Colombia, using data from the annual survey of the Federación Nacional de Arroceros –Fedearroz for 2007-2012. The Stochastic Frontier Approach methodology was used for the ef-ficiencies estimation of the production and costs, established that the average TE for the sector was 82%, the AE 27% and the EE 22%. It is possible to consider the sector to be technically efficient, but the same can't be concluded from the EE. With the Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects the factors that have influence over the productive unit’s efficiency were identified, establishing that the payment of Tech-nical Assistance and Management Services have a favorable effect on the pro-ducer´s efficiency
Crecimiento económico referentes teóricos harrod-domar thirwall: caso paraguay (1950 – 2003)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2014-02-17) Flórez Garrido, Liliana; Meza Carvajalino, Carlos Arturo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=bGhzJTkAAAAJ&hl=es
The purpose of this study was to propose and analyze the problem of economic growth in Paraguay, in the period 1950:2003 and under the tenets of Harrod and Thirlwall .Based on the publication of the post-Keynesian growth model of Harrod (1939) and Domar (1946) attempts to make empirical evidence on the evolution of a set of relevant variables to check that the incremental capital output ratio or capital productivity and the saving rate are the factors that affect the growth rate of Paraguay.Also, using the theoretical developments made by Thirlwall (1979) to explain the existence of a long-term relationship between economic growth from the balance of payments or external sector of Paraguay 1950:2003, which were developed from vision proposed by Harrod foreign trade.

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