Determinación estructural de la comunidad de macrófitas del humedal jaboque y su interacción con la calidad del agua como herramienta para la solución de la tendencia a la eutrofización

Abstract

The Jaboque wetland is categorized as a Ramsar site due to its great ecological importance, the benefits and / or eco-systemic services that it provides to the different species of fauna and flora, functioning as natural regulators acting as sponges, which filter wastewater or contaminated by heavy metals and decomposition of organic matter. This Jaboque wetland is the second most important and largest in the city of Bogotá.

The main objective of this research was to first determine the structure, composition, spatial distribution and percentage of coverage of the macrophytes; On the other hand, the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the Jaboque wetland was carried out. Taking these data into account, we calculate the Water Pollution Indices proposed by Ramírez (ICOTRO, ICOSUS, ICOMO), thus determining the trophic status of the wetland in each of the 3 sectors of the wetland called upper, middle and lower third. This study was carried out in the dry, rainy and transition seasons.

In the second part of the paper a qualitative, quantitative and statistical analysis of the macrophyte community was carried out; Subsequently, the relationship between the macrophytes of the wetland with the physicochemical parameters of the water was established, taking into account the dynamics of the water quality in response to the presence of macrophytes in each sector according to their behavior to variations in the environment. For this, the canonical correspondence analysis (ACC) statistical interpretation tool is used, which is a multi-variant technique that maximizes the relationship between a series of dependent variables and a series of independent variables, which is based on a regression multiple.

Thirteen species of macrophytes were identified Lemna gibba, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Schoenoplectus californicus, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Cyperus papyrus, Polypogon elongatus, Carex luridiformis, Pennisetumwigdestinum, Junideus effusion, Ludidees clandestinum, Büdideus effusivens, Ludideeffus. The dominant species in the three sectors of the wetland were an invasive species (kikuyo grass) with 16.09%, Duckweed (Lemna gibba) with 9.19% and Junco (juncus effesus) with 4.59%; identifying the biotypes according to their typical form that can be considered a model of their species.

The results obtained by the ICATest v.1 program show that the behavior of the physicochemical parameters (Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Phosphates, Nitrates, Total Dissolved Solids, BOD5 and Total Coliforms) indicate that the wetland has poor quality of water, due to the high organic load, biological productivity and excess nutrients that it presents. With a hypertrophic to eutrophic tendency.