Análisis comparativo entre IEC 61131-3 e IEC 61499 y su papel en la evolución de la automatización industrial distribuida

Abstract

The evolution of industrial automation systems has created the need for control architectures that are increasingly flexible, scalable, and interoperable. In this context, international standards have played a fundamental role in defining models for industrial control software development. This study presents a comparative analysis between IEC 61131-3 and IEC 61499, two widely recognized standards in the field of programmable logic controller programming and distributed automation systems. The research was conducted using a documentary and comparative approach, based on the review of technical literature, normative documents, and academic studies related to both standards. The analysis focuses on key aspects such as programming models, software architecture, control distribution capabilities, interoperability between devices, and their level of adoption in industrial environments. The results show that IEC 61131-3 remains the dominant standard in industry due to its technological maturity, widespread adoption, and strong support from PLC manufacturers. However, IEC 61499 introduces an event-driven approach and a more distributed architecture aimed at improving software portability and system interoperability. Finally, it is concluded that although both standards present advantages and limitations, the adoption of new control architectures will depend on technological developments and the practical needs of the industry.