Identificación de los tipos de ejercicio físico y del profesional encargado de implementar estrategias de intervención no farmacológica sobre la hipertensión arterial en adultos mayores de 45 años: una revisión automática sistemática

Abstract

ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization - WHO, arterial hypertension, is one of the noncommunicable chronic diseases - ECNTs with greater incidence and prevalence worldwide. Responsible for health outcomes such as Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cerebrovascular Disease . hypertension can be treated with drugs according to medical recommendations. There is also the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. This takes into account as main strategies, low salt and sugar diet plus the regular and structured practice of physical exercise. These intervention strategies know the effects they generate on the control of high blood pressure figures, but aspects of vital importance are unknown, such as the type of professional in charge of the administration of these strategies, as well as the type of exercise (anaerobic, aerobic or concurrent) that has more benefits in terms of the treatment of hypertension. In this way, the question arises: what are the most common types of professional and physical exercise in the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension? It is developed from the question posed, a systematic review that had as objective to respond to it. We searched for clinical studies related to the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension, using the key terms "Hypertension", "Physical Exercise" and "Aging" in the databases PUBMED, Bireme-VHL, WEB OF SCIENCE and EMBASE, with articles in a time window of 5 years, classifying articles by inclusion / exclusion criteria (determined for this review), and by evaluation of level of scientific evidence with PEDro scale. The articles are sorted and finalized using START software (UFSCar-Brasil). A total of 1084 articles are obtained in the first search, of which 23 are finally analyzed. Of the total of articles analyzed, Brazil and the United States are the countries that most present studies that confirm aerobic exercise as the most active exercise modality. commonly used for the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. The professional mainly related to the administration of strategies of non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension is not a single one, but an interdisciplinary team, composed not only by doctor, nutritionist and physiotherapist, but also by physical or professional educator in related sciences. Although it is true, the articles analyzed in this systematic review had a 74% correspondence regarding the physical exercise modality (aerobic in this case) with the hypertension management guide of the Ministry of Health of Colombia, a 26 % of the analyzed articles mentioned having used other modalities of physical exercise in the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension, (mostly anaerobic and concurrent physical exercise). It can be concluded from this systematic review that the most used form of physical exercise for the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension is aerobic, although studies are being done that show beneficial effects of anaerobic and concurrent modalities. In accordance with the above, it can also be concluded that the Physical Educator and / or professional in sports science or related sciences has an important role in the constitution of interdisciplinary teams for the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension.