Revisión de alternativas de implementación mundial de logística inversa para reciclaje de Tetra Pak

Abstract

In this article we identify reverse logistics initiatives that have been implemented worldwide, for the recovery of used Tetra Pak packaging, as an environmental sustainability alternative based on the use of individualized components or their transformation. Among others, a synthesis of separation possibilities of the materials that make up the Tetra Pak package is presented, whose main components are polyethylene and aluminum, as well as the possibilities of processing by compression molding in press, extrusion, injection, broken molding, manufacture of compounds reinforced with natural fibers, mixtures with other polymers and spraying. This study has been carried out to favor mainly the recycling of Tetra Pak containers in large volumes, especially by showing the different possibilities of application of processing by-products, identifying relevant aspects in the transformation, which is relatively simple. In different manufacturing processes the possibilities in the development of new composite materials reinforced with natural fibers are highlighted, to replace wood products in different industries, including applications in the automotive and construction industry. Although the volume of recycling in Colombia is currently limited, it is expected that in the coming decades the hierarchy of Tetra Pak packaging collection will improve the management of waste from other sources in the country, based on experiences and good practices that can be observed in nations with more advance in this matter, some with more developed economies and others in inferior conditions.