Estudio de Patología del Pabellón Santa Teresa y Manrique del Hospital de San José (Monumento Nacional)

Abstract

Hospital structures are listed by the NSR-10 Resistant Earthquake Standard, as indispensable buildings which are defined as: “those community care buildings that must function during and after an earthquake, and whose operation cannot be quickly transferred to a safe place and that they have surgery services, intensive care rooms and / or emergency care”. Which requires that the San José Hospital must be regularized and adapted to the current Standards, so the hospital is currently considered a vulnerable structure, but that it cannot be so easily intervened by being governed by patrimonial conservation regulations within the highest category that prevents direct interventions in the spatial distribution and physical structure, which contrasts with the regulations of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection which requires larger areas and certain technical specifications, and the NSR-10 regarding common interventions for reinforcement that are carried out in various structures and that in this would result in damage to the architecture of the patrimonial pavilion. Considering the above, it is necessary to carry out a pathological study and an adequate design that complies with each of the mentioned regulations and standards preserving the historical value of this structure. The Study carried out on the structure was based on the Rehabimed methodology which brings together the different methodologies used by more than 150 experts from 15 different countries for the rehabilitation of traditional architecture, followed by an analysis of seismic vulnerability according to Colombian Standards of Earthquake Resistant Construction NSR-10. As a result of the study it is found that the structure has been severely affected by inadequate interventions that have affected its historical patrimonial value (perforations in walls because pipes, opening in load-bearing walls, intersection of windows in connection with ceilings in drywall) in addition to lack of proper maintenance what has generated the appearance of fungi, as well as the entry of pigeons on roofs that generate a large amount of dirt due to excrement and affectation of the wooden elements. However, despite the access of mentioned animals on the roof, the wooden elements were not in a moderate or severe state of damage. The most relevant lesion found corresponded to a crack that crossed the solid slab floor, generated by movements that have been affected by the torsion effect, possibly by an earthquake, in addition to the construction processes of the time since it was found that slab is made up of cement, lime and smooth rod, the smooth rod, are not allowed under current standards, additionally it was found that the slab in this area has been subjected to loads other than which was initially designed and built, due to divisions built over several decades, in masonry walls to drywall, plus loads of equipment and furniture different than those using during the time in which said pavilion was built. Finally, an intervention proposal is generated from the injuries found, in which a resistant earthquake reinforcement proposal is designed that complies with the requirements demanded by Decree 1080 of 2015 of patrimonial protection and of the Colombian Standards of Earthquake Resistant Constructions NSR -10