Análisis multitemporal de la cobertura vegetal y afectación en la respuesta hídrica – subcuentas del municipio de Tota.

Abstract

The páramos are environments, whose ecosystem service is the water regulation, in which the vegetal cover and the use of its soil play an important role. However, these systems have presented a high degree of degradation, as a consequence of the variation of the coverage, by the product of the climatic change and anthropic activities, such as: mining, livestock, agriculture and deforestation that generate a decrease in the capacity of water retention and infiltration, affecting the environmental function of the páramos as water regulators. This is why this research has the objective of evaluating the alteration in the water response, in the subbasins, Lake of Tota, Desaguadero River, Fishing River, Rio Lengupa and Quebrada el chuque, during the period 1986-2015. The project has two major stages, the first is the multitemporal analysis of the change of vegetation cover, through lansdat images and applying the unsupervised classification method and homogenizing the information according to the SWAT software soil cover classification, taking into account that the years of analysis of the vegetation coverage 1986, 1989, 1992, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2012 and 2015 yielded different changes with respect to the damages caused by various environmental damages, the paramo area suffered losses of 19,596.65 Ha during the period studied but nonetheless during the course of the years there was a notable recovery of this coverage by 98%. The second stage evaluates the alteration in the water response, through the study of the rainfall - runoff relationship, in each of the years that the vegetation cover was evaluated, physiological characteristics of the micro - basins and hydroclimatic data, using the SWAT software.