Condición física y riesgo cardiovascular en personas con discapacidad intelectual

Abstract

This transversal research, with a quantitativeanalyticalapproachmakes a description of thephysicalcondition and itsrelationshipwiththe cardiovascular risk of a group of students at Colegio Distrital Gustavo Restrepo in condition of intellectualdisability and syndrome Down (S.D). Thestudymakesanassessment of theanthropometricprofilebasedontheBrockportPhysicalFitness test battery, physicalabilities are evaluatedforstudentsyoungerthan 18 years; forthoseovertheage of 18 thesametests are usedbutwith formulas and scalescorresponding to theirage. A sample of 175 studentswereevaluated, amongthem 96 weremen and 79 womenwithmild- to -moderatecognitiveimpairment and Down syndrome, 15% of themhaveanother diagnosis associatedwithintellectualdisability. IBM-SPSS programwasusedforstatisticalanalysisapplyingtherespectivetests of normalitywiththeKolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Pearson and Spearmancorrelations. Bodycompositionresultsshowedhighervaluesforthepopulationover 18 yearscomparedwiththoseunder 18s. Oppositevalues in the variable of theirphysicalcapabilitiespresentedhigherresults in studentsovertheage of 18. Similarly, thetables of results show boththephysicalfitness and anthropometriccondition of studentswithmildcognitivedisabilities, moderatecognitivedisabilities and Down syndrome, basedontheanalysis of data reportedtroughthecomparison of theresultsobtainedforeach of thesepopulations. Although in general, anthropometricmeasurementsassessed in childrenyoungerthan 18 years are underthelimits, theseresults are close to thelimits, which lead to theconsiderationthattheyneed a specificpreventionprogram. Thestudy shows thatthepopulationwith S.D whichispresentinggreater R.C.V, both in theaspects of anthropometric as well as physicalcondition, beingthesevalueseven more negativeforwomen in thestudy. At thesame time, itwasdetectedthatfitnessisbeinglost, even in youngeradolescents; anaspectthatisworryingbecause of theevaluatedpopulation has beenyounger. Then, it can be veryclearlyappreciated in studentsthewaytowardsphysicalinactivity and thereforeitsconsequencesfortherisk of cardiovascular diseases at a lowerage.