Percepciones de las familias y cuidadores de niños y niñas de cero a dos años sobre el uso de pantallas digitales y su influencia en las relaciones afectivas y familiares.

Abstract

This pedagogical action-research project, employing a qualitative approach, analyzes the perceptions of families and caregivers of children aged zero to two regarding the use of digital screens and its influence on affective and family relationships at the "Unión y Progreso" Service Unit (UDS) in the rural district of Cárdenas (Potosí, Nariño). Data collection was consistently carried out through qualitative techniques and specific instruments: in-depth interviews conducted with mothers and caregivers, and participant observation recorded in field diaries. The findings reveal that mobile devices and television are primarily used as instrumental tools for behavioral pacification and domestic support to manage daily rural work routines. This practice triggers parental technoference and sensory dependence in infants, displacing essential face-to-face linguistic and affective interactions. In response to this reality, a pedagogical proposal was designed and implemented, consisting of a virtual guidebook and formative workshops. The study concludes that strengthening conscious technological mediation within the household transforms parenting practices, enabling caregivers to establish normative agreements that prioritize free play, socio-affective dialogue, and the exploration of the natural environment as irreplaceable pillars for holistic early childhood development.