Efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico sobre el salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol de playa: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Plyometric training has become established as a relevant strategy for improving vertical jump in volleyball; however, in beach volleyball, its analysis requires considering theparticularities of sand as an unstable surface. This study aimed to analyze the available scientific evidence on the effects of plyometric training on the vertical jump of beach volleyball players. A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the 2020 PRISMA statement. The search was performed in ScienceDirect, Scopus, Redalyc, SciELO, and PubMed, using three search terms related to plyometric training, volleyball, beach volleyball, vertical jump, and lower limb power. An initial 137 records were identified; after removing duplicates, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewing the full texts, 22 studies were included. The results were organized into six thematic categories: vertical jump improvement, sand surface, overload, aquatic training, applied technology, and complementary variables. Evidence shows that plyometrics improves vertical jump, power, and certain technical and tactical skills, although its effects depend on duration, frequency, progression, exercise specificity, athletic level, and training surface. In beach volleyball, the sand modifies jump mechanics and requires specific neuromuscular adaptations, so programs should not be directly transferred from hard surfaces. It is concluded that plyometrics is a useful strategy, provided it is planned with specificity, load control, and individualization in mind. Keywords: plyometrics; volleyball; jump; sand; power.