Prototipo vivienda rural de Arauca - Arauca

Abstract

As a starting point, an exhaustive study of rural housing typologies has been carried out, considering their territorial, formal, functional and technical components. The objective of this research is to propose design principles that are applicable in the creation of a prototype of rural housing in the municipality of Arauca. This study has been followed by a detailed analysis of the municipality of Arauca, where the territorial context has been characterized in terms of its geographical location, materiality, rural factors, climatic conditions and topography. This analysis has become a crucial component for decision-making in the design of the rural housing prototype, since it provides essential information about the environment in which the project will be developed. The subsequent phase focuses on the analysis of the population and the territory, with the purpose of identifying the specific area in which the rural housing prototype will be implemented. In addition, a territorial characterization has been carried out to understand in depth the subjects and types of families that make up the rural community of Arauca. The result of this analysis provides detailed information on the characteristics and needs of future users of rural housing. In an additional step, a typological analysis of rural housing in Arauca has been carried out, which has allowed the preparation of a comparative table to define the characteristics and needs that define this type of projects. Likewise, local regulations and national specifications have been examined, such as the Colombian Earthquake Resistant Standards "NRS10", which has been essential for the preparation of conceptual maps and tables that detail the required and proposed areas in the creation of rural housing projects. in the region. The analysis of the context of the municipality has revealed that agriculture plays a fundamental role in the dynamics of these rural homes. The type of production, materials and inputs necessary for the suburban and rural areas of Arauca-Arauca have been identified. In addition, a characterization of the Araucanian families that contribute to the development of these areas has been carried out, in order to better understand the behavior of their inhabitants and, thus, design strategies that facilitate community activities, such as distribution, collection and storage of agricultural products. In search of a functional and integral structure, based on Bioclimatic Architecture, a new rural housing prototype design adapted to the territory of Arauca has been proposed, with a focus on the warm climate. A study has been carried out based on the Givoni diagram, a tool that helps select the most appropriate passive measures for each climate. The bioclimatic diagrams have been prepared based on the real location of the land and the climatic data obtained from the meteorological station at the Santiago Pérez Quiroz Airport, Arauca, using the Climate ConsultanT program. This latest study has provided a specific psychometric diagram for Arauca, which has allowed us to understand in depth the relationships between humidity and temperature conditions. It has also made it easier to calculate the amount of heat or cold needed to reach the optimal temperature in the project. In addition, it has revealed passive strategies of bioclimatic architecture that can be implemented to counteract climatic impacts and high temperatures in the rural area of Arauca. This translates into the search for environments with greater thermal comfort and the choice of materials that help mitigate solar radiation. As a result of these analyses, progress has been made in the development of a rural housing prototype designed specifically for a hot and humid climate. This prototype has taken into account the territorial, technical, formal and functional components of rural housing projects in Arauca. A 2D/3D Planimetry, sections, elevations and renders have been developed that represent the proposed rural housing. These designs have been adapted taking into account the specific topographic, climatic and demographic characteristics of Arauca-Arauca. This process has culminated in obtaining conclusions that provide strategies and improvements in the formal, technical, functional and aesthetic aspects of the project. In summary, this study represents a complete and multidisciplinary approach for the creation of a rural housing prototype in the municipality of Arauca. Through the analysis of multiple facets, from territorial characteristics to the needs of the population and climatic conditions, it has been possible to design a rural home that seeks to provide an optimal and sustainable environment for the inhabitants of this region. The combination of bioclimatic architecture and care to the specific details of Arauca has been fundamental in the conception of this prototype. With this, it is expected to contribute to the well-being of the rural community and provide significant solutions to the challenges it faces.