Efectos fisiológicos y estructurales del entrenamiento de fuerza en niños y adolescentes

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to identify the effects of strength training at a physiological and structural level on children and adolescents, due to the different positions against weight training at an early age and its negative effects on this population. Therefore, it is intended to address this issue with the help of the scientific literature, seeking to identify the repercussions that force training may have on these populations and the effects it generates on children and adolescents. This is because strength training is commonly seen as a problem or an aspect of doubt, as a method that can affect children’s and young people’s body structures. This is intended to provide a broader understanding of the benefits or consequences at the physiological and functional level of strength training from an early age. A search was conducted from the point of view of the scientific literature regarding studies that provide a concrete and reliable understanding of the benefits and risks of strength training at an early age, specifically in children and adolescent. Strength training in children and adolescents has a number of potentially greater benefits over the risks, so strength training performed well in these populations leads to increased muscle strength, increased bone mineral density, improvements in motor performance, improvements in insulin resistance, improvements in the reduction of body and liver fat, and improvements in self-concept and self-perception, as well as greater adherence to training programmes. With regard to the risks, it was possible to show that they are associated with accidents, poor technique and lack of supervision in the performance of exercises; according to this, it was possible to ascertain that the effects of growth cartilage at an early age due to strength training are nothing but a myth.