Estudio de viabilidad de mercados para la exportación de Cacao Boyacense hacia el entorno Asiático.

Abstract

The State, through its policies headed by the Ministry of Agriculture, has been defining mechanisms through which binational trade systems have been strengthened, taking full advantage of the productive strengths and expansion opportunities present in markets traditionally achieved by exploiting and using cocoa in this case, allowing countries like Colombia, not only to improve their agricultural capacity, but to be part of chains and clusters highly committed to the growth and improvement of the regions as well as the quality of life of those who are part of the groups of interest, understood as producers, marketers, buyers, investors and processors of the product. The production of Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia and Oceania stands out with the production of special fine-type or aroma cocoas that are concentrated in sectors and territories natural to cocoa due to their soils and geographical position, including Colombia. Cocoa provides an income system for more than 70 million people globally, of which 95 are small and medium producers (1 hectare to 4 hectares) (Cluster Cacao Antioquia Initiative, 2020, p. 11). It is important to highlight in this case that, cocoa producers in the country, have been massifying their cultivation thanks to its diversification, the properties of each classification, the expansion of its uses both in terms of food and beauty and of well-being in general, and the knowledge that has been achieved of it in little-explored markets, to the point of expanding the possibilities of exportation and positioning in new environments and where the advantages have been recognized compared to its permanent consumption. However, there are still regions where cocoa production occurs in lower percentages given the low market exploration, despite the fact that its quality has been recognized in events, fairs and participations where departments such as Boyacá have been opening the field with great success. given the delicacy of the flavor and the nutritional and health properties in which cocoa is used as greater firmness. On repeated occasions, the wide agricultural potential of the department of Boyacá has been recognized, and where it has been cataloged as one of the main pantries in the country, thanks to the productive culture of most of the rural extensions and whose vocation has come from generation in generation, increasingly taking advantage of the advantages associated with the improvement of seeds, modernization, marketing systems, education and training, expansion of commercial borders, among many other aspects that have allowed the integral development of the sector. The department of Boyacá produced 1,280 tons of cocoa last year, a figure that represents 2% of the total national production, which reached 63,416 tons, of which Santander, Antioquia and Arauca contributed 41%, 9% and 8 % respectively, according to figures consolidated by the Federation (Silvera, 2021). Despite all this situation, production has stagnated due to the lack of a clear marketing line that allows cocoa to enter international markets, in such a way that it strengthens both cultivation and positioning in new environments such as the Asian, taking advantage of the advantages of quality, flavor, softness, variety typical of a region like the west in Boyacá, in addition to this favoring families who have decided to undertake the arduous task of abandoning illicit crops to be part of cocoa production , taking into account the benefits that they provide. Due to the above, the research aims to determine the viability of markets for the export of cocoa from Boyacá to the Asian market, supported by the analysis of the trend of the cocoa market with high potential, with a review of variables such as supply, demand, level of consumption, export requirements, documentation, requirements and legal conditions to carry out the process in accordance with the demands and formalities of marketing the product in the new market. In turn, market research will be carried out to define the possible target countries based on sustainable benefits for the project, supported by administrative and commercial tools that broaden the information on the destination country in Asia.