Aplicación de la metodología BIM en la planificación, simulación y presupuestación de una vía terciaria sector el paraíso, municipio de la Jagua del Pilar, La Guajira

Abstract

Road infrastructure in Colombia faces significant challenges, particularly in the construction and maintenance of the tertiary road network, which is essential for connectivity and the economic development of rural areas. In this context, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology emerges as an innovative alternative that enhances planning, simulation, budgeting, and risk management in infrastructure projects. This research project focuses on the application of BIM principles in the construction of the tertiary road El Paraíso, located in the municipality of La Jagua del Pilar – La Guajira, with the purpose of demonstrating its effectiveness as a technical and strategic tool for the planning and control of road works. Through a case study, 3D models and 4D–5D simulations were developed to compare the conventional project execution method with the BIM-based approach, showing an average reduction of 16.7% in execution time and 10% in direct costs. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in infrastructure and BIM management, whose insights supported the applicability of the methodology, highlighting its potential to improve data traceability, optimize resources, and strengthen preventive risk management. The findings confirm that the BIM methodology constitutes an effective tool for the integrated management of road infrastructure projects, especially in contexts with limited technical and financial resources. Its implementation fosters interoperability among stakeholders, informed decision-making, and the sustainability of public investments. In conclusion, the application of BIM in rural tertiary roads represents a significant contribution to improving efficiency, transparency, and strategic planning in Colombia’s road infrastructure sector.